text:
Tag: PI4KB
The proinflammatory activation of leukocytes in adipose tissue plays a part
The proinflammatory activation of leukocytes in adipose tissue plays a part in metabolic disease. in vitro and in vivo. Diet-induced obesity increased the expression of MHC II and T-cell costimulatory molecules on ATMs in visceral fat, which correlated with an induction of T-cell proliferation in that depot. Collectively, these data indicate that ATMs provide a functional link between the innate and adaptive immune systems within visceral fat in mice. Obesity-induced inflammation contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (1C3). Accumulation of activated leukocytes in metabolic tissues is a driving force for obesity-associated metabolic inflammation (metainflammation) and insulin resistance (3,4). In adipose tissue, a vast array of leukocytes have been identified and reported to contribute to obesity-induced metainflammation. How adipose tissue leukocytes interact to shape the inflammatory environment within fat is an 188011-69-0 important unresolved gap in our current understanding of metabolic disease. In humans and rodent models, F4/80+ adipose tissues macrophages (ATMs) will be the predominant leukocyte within metabolically healthful and insulin-resistant fats (5). Citizen (type 2) ATMs are distributed between adipocytes in healthful adipose tissues throughout development, express anti-inflammatory markers regular of turned on or M2 polarized macrophages additionally, and promote tissues homeostasis (6,7). Disruption of macrophage M2 polarization escalates the susceptibility to insulin level of resistance induced with a high-fat diet plan (HFD) (8C10). Weight problems triggers the deposition of F4/80+ ATMs that coexpress the dendritic cell (DC) marker Compact disc11c aswell as genes typically portrayed by classically turned on or proinflammatory M1 polarized macrophages (11C13). M1 ATMs type multicellular lipid-laden clusters, referred to as crown-like buildings (CLS), around useless adipocytes in obese fats (6,14,15) and generate inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- [TNF-]) that can impair insulin action in adipocytes (16,17). Current models suggest that obesity promotes metainflammation in part by altering the balance between type 2 and type 1 ATMs in visceral excess fat (13,18). In addition to ATMs, adipose tissue contains lymphocytes (e.g., natural killer T cells [NKTs], conventional CD4+ T cells [Tconvs], regulatory CD4+ T cells [Tregs], cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and B cells) that are also regulated by metabolic status (19C24). Treg content in visceral excess fat is usually inversely correlated with steps of insulin resistance and inflammation (19,25,26), suggesting that Tregs are anti-inflammatory. In contrast, T helper 1 (Th1) CD4+ T cells and CD8+ adipose tissue T cells (ATTs) accumulate in excess fat during obesity, promoting IFN- and TNF- production and insulin resistance (20,21,27). Thus, analogous to ATMs, the imbalance between anti-inflammatory Tregs and proinflammatory CD4+/CD8+ ATTs contributes to metainflammation. The mechanisms that regulate ATTs in adipose tissue are largely unknown. Spectratyping experiments suggest that CD4+ ATTs (but not CD8+ ATTs) undergo monoclonal growth within excess fat and have an effector-memory (CD44High CD62LLow) phenotype (19,21,28). This implies that ATT activation and growth may be an adaptive immune response to an obesity-induced antigen. T-cell activation depends on an intricate relationship between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) (29). Classically, APCs (specifically, macrophages and DCs) shape CD4+ T-cell activation by three signals: assessments with GraphPad Prism 5.01 software. < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS HFD-induced obesity promotes conventional CD4+ T-cell proliferation within visceral excess fat in mice. CD4+ ATTs have an activated phenotype in obesity (19,21,28), but direct evidence of T-cell proliferation in excess fat is lacking. Therefore, we examined CD4+ T-cell proliferation within adipose tissue in lean mice and in mice given HFD by BrdU incorporation (Fig. 1and data not really proven). These buildings resembled FALCs or milky areas in mesenteric and omental fats depots which contain macrophages and lymphoid cells (42,43). In low fat 188011-69-0 eWAT, FALCs included Foxp3+ lymphocytes encircled by CX3CR1+ macrophages (Fig. 1and data not really proven). FALCs/milky areas in omental fats contained uncommon populations of MHC II+ B220+ B cells, but a lot of the MHC II+ cells in FALCs PI4KB from eWAT had been B220C by immunofluorescence (data not really proven). FIG. 2. ATMs will be the predominant MHC II+ cells in visceral fats. Man C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD or ND for 20 weeks to induce weight problems. (MHC II) appearance elevated in eWAT with HFD but was low in iWAT 188011-69-0 and unchanged in the spleens of.


text:
La nobiltà alessandrina fu una classe sociale privilegiata della città di Alessandria e del suo contado dall'epoca medievale e comunale sino alla Restaurazione. La nobiltà, composta sia di famiglie del patriziato civico che di famiglie feudali, fu per secoli legata al Ducato di Milano e venne gradualmente integrata in quella piemontese nel corso del XVIII secolo, dopo il passaggio di Alessandria ai Savoia nel 1713. Facendo parte della nobiltà subalpina, confluì dal 1861 nella nobiltà italiana, sin dalla proclamazione del Regno d'Italia.

Storia

Origini

La città di Alessandria fu fondata intorno al 1168, che si fissa come data convenzionale, dall'unione dei quattro borghi di Borgoglio, Gamondio, Marengo e Rovereto, da cui provennero gran parte dei cittadini del nuovo comune; alla fondazione concorsero anche famiglie nobili provenienti da altre città, come Genova o Milano, o feudatarie di borghi vicini. I primi ordinamenti comunali, con l'istituzione degli organi di governo del Consiglio Generale e dell'Anzianato, risalgono al 1228: in questa data fu istituito il patriziato cittadino, composto da 128 famiglie con accesso esclusivo al governo della città. Le famiglie furono divise nei due elenchi dei Nobili del Popolo e Nobili del Comune: i primi i casati della popolazione originaria, provenienti dai quattro borghi fondatori, i secondi quelli giunti da altre città dopo la fondazione. I Nobili del Popolo avevano diritto a metà dei seggi nel Consiglio, composto da 208 membri, e diritto esclusivo di accesso all'Anzianato, o Decurionato, dal quale erano esclusi i Nobili del Comune che avevano solo accesso al Consiglio. Le famiglie erano inoltre divise per quartiere di provenienza, dimodoché ogni quartiere fosse rappresentato in Consiglio per un quarto dei seggi, diviso tra nobili del Popolo e del Comune.

Ducato di Milano
Alessandria rimase libero comune fino al 1348, anno in cui entrò a far parte dei territori del Ducato di Milano; già dal 1316 la città, per decisione del suo patriziato, si era posta sotto la protezione dei Visconti.

Sotto i Visconti: la Casa Ducale

Fin dai tempi della fondazione la nobiltà alessandrina era dilaniata internamente dalle lotte tra le due fazioni dei Guelfi e dei Ghibellini, la cui composizione è testimoniata dagli elenchi del 1225, tre anni prima degli ordinamenti comunali. Nel 1417 Filippo Maria Visconti, per porre fine a queste lotte, decise di istituire la Casa Ducale di Alessandria, una terza fazione sotto la sua diretta protezione con funzioni di controllo sulle precedenti. Un buon numero di famiglie della nobiltà cittadina entrò a farne parte, scegliendo di giurare fedeltà al Duca e ottenendone in cambio una concessione di arma comune e una piazza riservata in città per riunirsi. Molte delle famiglie di parte ducale però non figurano negli elenchi del patriziato originario, segno che i Visconti vollero con questo atto istituire una "nuova nobiltà" alessandrina ad essi fedele.

Il periodo spagnolo: la Provvisione
Il governo del Comune rimase saldamente in mano del patriziato originario fino alla fine del XVI secolo, passando per le fasi sforzesca e francese. Nel 1559, anno del passaggio del ducato di Milano sotto la dominazione spagnola, in una riforma voluta dal Governatore di Milano, Gonzalo II Fernandez de Cordoba, venne riconfermato il diritto ereditario di accesso al Consiglio stabilendo "che niuno si elegga né si ammetta per consigliere, il quale non sia delle antiche ed originarie famiglie e che non abbia i meriti conforme agli ordini dell'istessa città". Le cronache cittadine, in realtá, ricordano i nomi di alcuni Consiglieri e Anziani non appartenenti al patriziato originario: è probabile che si tratti di persone aggregate a una delle casate patrizie (che funzionavano come "alberghi", si veda oltre il caso dei Cantono) o che siano ammissioni eccezionali ad personam a favore di cittadini in vista.

Nel 1589 una nuova riforma adeguò Alessandria agli ordinamenti comunali milanesi, istituendo il magistrato dei Dodici di Provvisione in sostituzione dell'Anzianato. Da questo momento in poi, e sempre più con ulteriori riforme del 1609 e 1651, la Provvisione divenne l'organo di governo di esclusiva nobiliare, cambiando poi nome definitivamente in Decurionato intorno alla metà del Settecento. L'accesso al Consiglio smise invece di essere riservato al patriziato cittadino e fu permesso a tutti i cittadini del Comune che rispettassero determinati requisiti di censo e la cui famiglia risiedesse da almeno settant'anni in città. Nonostante ciò il barone Antonio Manno inserì nel suo Patriziato Subalpino anche alcune famiglie alessandrine che ebbero accesso al solo Consiglio dopo il 1589, reputando quindi l'appartenenza ad esso, se ripetuta per generazioni, ingenerante nobiltà anche dopo la riforma.

Regno di Sardegna
Il passaggio di Alessandria sotto il dominio dei Savoia, nel 1713, non cambiò il funzionamento del Comune, e gli organi del Consiglio e del Decurionato sopravvissero fino al 1840. Nel periodo sabaudo le interferenze dei regnanti portarono a volte a tensioni con il patriziato alessandrino, come nel caso dell'araldista Cesare Nicola Canefri, visto con benevolenza dal sovrano e ammesso al Decurionato per poi cadere due volte in disgrazia per le sue falsificazioni documentarie. Il patriziato alessandrino fu, insieme a quelli di Novara e Tortona, tra gli unici tre riconosciuti come "patriziati nobili" tra le province di nuovo acquisto dei Savoia, con Lettere Patenti del 1775. In conformità con questo criterio, dalla Consulta Araldica del Regno d'Italia furono inserite d'ufficio negli Elenchi Nobiliari del Regno, con diritto al titolo di Nobile, le famiglie discendenti dai Decurioni del 1771.

Composizione
Della nobiltà alessandrina fecero parte le famiglie del patriziato e quelle che ebbero altri tipi di nobiltá, derivante dal possesso di feudi, da diplomi di nobiltà o dall'appartenenza a ordini cavallereschi nobiliari; naturalmente in molti casi questi titoli si aggiunsero a un patriziato preesistente, o viceversa l'aggregazione a esso derivò da un preesistente status nobiliare.

Il patriziato, più in particolare, si può riunire in tre gruppi di casate: quelle del patriziato originario, presenti in Consiglio fin dal 1228, quelle native di Alessandria e aggregate in tempi successivi e quelle che, già di chiara nobiltà in altri luoghi, furono ammesse al patriziato dopo il loro trasferimento in città. Il Comune non si dotò mai di un Libro d'Oro ufficiale; l'unico elenco ufficiale di famiglie patrizie è quindi quello del 1228, riportato per intero negli annali del Ghilini, mentre per il periodo successivo alla riforma del 1589, l'elenco delle famiglie patrizie di Alessandria si ricava da quelle che ebbero Signori di Provvisione e Decurioni.

Tra le famiglie alessandrine principali spiccano per importanza i Guasco, i Trotti e i Ghilini, mentre tra le casate feudali non originarie della città si ricordano i Faà di Bruno, i Moscheni e gli Scati. Nei tempi più antichi ebbero un ruolo di primo piano nelle vicende politiche cittadine anche alcune famiglie che, pur rientrando nel novero di quelle feudali, derivarono il loro potere soprattutto dalle cariche comunali: spicca tra queste il casato dei Lanzavecchia, tra i principali della fazione ghibellina.

Elenco delle principali famiglie nobili alessandrine
Elenco in ordine alfabetico delle famiglie nobili alessandrine dal 1228 al 1840, derivato dalle opere citate in bibliografia. Per le date di investitura dei feudi si fa principalmente riferimento al Dizionario Feudale del Guasco, le informazioni in nota e le date di aggregazione al decurionato sono spesso ricavate dal Patriziato Subalpino del Manno. Sono indicate con una sottolineatura le famiglie che, oltre ai titoli indicati, appartennero alla Casa Ducale.

A

B

C

D

F

G

I

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

Z

Casa Ducale
Elenco delle famiglie della Casa Ducale del 1417. Sono segnati in grassetto i nomi delle famiglie della nobiltà alessandrina (v. elenco precedente) che furono insignite anche della nobiltà ducale; di molte delle altre famiglie ammesse a questo privilegio non si hanno ulteriori notizie.

 Angeleri
 Anolfi
 Antichi
 Ardizzoni
 Arobba
 Balosti
 Baravalli
 Barberi
 Bazani
 Bellini
 Bellisani (Vallanzani)
 Boccacci
 Bonfanti
 Borghi
 Bottazzi
 Bovini
 Braschi
 Cacciaguerra
 Cani
 Cellerino
 Corti
 Dogliani
 Farina
 Fasani
 Ferrari
 Filiberti
 Forti
 Frascara
 Gambaruti
 Genzi
 Ghilini
 Giberti
 Grassi
 Grilli
 Guerzi
 Lemuggi
 Loderi
 Manchi
 Mantelli
 Mazzi
 Mazzoni
 Melazzi
 Muzi
 Ottelli
 Parma
 Pederana
 Pertusati
 Pettenari
 Pietra
 Pisani
 Da Pò
 Porcellana
 Porrata
 Porchi
 Pupini
 Rana
 Robini
 Robutti
 Rossi
 Sambuelli
 Stortiglioni
 Straneo
 Tacconi
 Tori
 Torti
 Vallanzani
 Della Valle
 Varzi
 Zavattarelli

Famiglie nobilitate dopo il 1840
Elenco delle famiglie di Alessandria che ebbero un titolo dopo l'abolizione degli organi patriziali alessandrini, o concesso ex novo o per successione di famiglie del patriziato civico.

Famiglie armigere non titolate

Elenco di famiglie alessandrine di cui sono noti gli stemmi. Alcune, come i Moizi o i Gamaleri, fecero parte della storia cittadina e furono casate nobili di Alessandria de facto, mentre di altre non si hanno notizie oltre allo stemma.

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni

Storia di Alessandria
Famiglie piemontesi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Missouri station hires STAA trio
(June 8, 2012) Regional Radio is making a habit of hiring STAA clients. Over the years, at least three have passed through the doors of the family of radio stations in Moberly, MO. When the stations lost three employees over the past month, they again turned to STAA. Now, clients Adam Hildebrandt (pictured), Ryan Myrehn and Josh Carey are all joining the stations in various sports and broadcasting capacities.
"The GM of Regional Radio's Moberly cluster, Brad Boyer, has come to trust the talent he's hired from STAA," says STAA CEO Jon Chelesnik. "When his most recent openings arose, we didn't post them on the STAA job board. We just sent the job description only to STAA Premier members. Employers often request approach because it saves them from having to receive hundreds of applications and they know STAA will provide a deep pool of qualified applicants."
"I have had good success with STAA clients, says Boyer. "While they come excited about the play-by-play opportunities we offer, they also embrace our local community radio concept and leave more well rounded announcers."
The most recent opportunities at Regional Radio came last month. "I got an email from STAA about the job posting and was able to jump on it," says Hildebrandt.
Hildebrandt is a recent graduate of Oklahoma State University. While in school he started his own play-by-play broadcast of high school sports on a local radio station and worked as a broadcast intern with the Oklahoma City Thunder. Among his professors at OSU is Dave Hunziker, the Voice of the Cowboys.
"Dave Hunziker spoke highly of [the Moberly job], and another recent OSU grad had gone through there, Hildebrandt says. "It is also a great opportunity to work in several areas of radio at once."
Just a year older than Hildebrandt, Ryan Myrehn is a 2011 graduate of DePauw University in Indiana.
"Coming from the Midwest and having gone to college in a town similar to Moberly, the fit seemed right," says Myrehn. "While sports broadcasting is my focus, I was drawn to the opportunity to be heavily involved in elements of radio outside of sports. For a commercial radio rookie, I see inherent value in building a well rounded resume at a respected station and this opportunity checks all of the boxes."
While broadcasting during his four years of college in Greencastle, Indiana, Myrehn called play-by-play of football, basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball and even cycling. In 2009 he was a winner of Indiana AP "Best Sports Play-by-Play.
"[STAA] is a true blessing for aspiring broadcasters," says Myrehn. "I would never have known where to start applying without the STAA.
"I received an email about the [Moberly] job opening and immediately sent in an application. The next day I called Brad to introduce myself and get a better understanding of the job and quickly learned that it was an incredible opportunity for someone trying to break into broadcasting."
Josh Caray has been in broadcasting since 2006. Much of that time has been spent in minor league baseball, though he has also been the voice of Birmingham Southern College football and basketball, and serves as a studio host for IMG. He has family roots in The Show Me State.
Regional Radio GM Boyer says, "Thanks to Jon and STAA."
(Visit Adam Hildebrandt, Ryan Myrehn, and Josh Caray's STAA Talent Pages.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Mike Napoli Net Worth
How much is Mike Napoli Worth?
in Richest Athletes › Baseball Players
Mike Napoli net worth:
Mike Napoli net worth: Mike Napoli is an American former professional baseball player who has a net worth of $35 million. Mike Napoli was born in Hollywood, Florida in October 1981. He was a first baseman and catcher who batted and threw right handed. Napoli was drafted #500 overall in the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft by the Anaheim Angels. He made his MLB debut for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in 2006 and played there until 2010. Mike Napoli played for the Texas Rangers from 2011 to 2012 and the Boston Red Sox from 2013 to 2015. He played for the Texas Rangers in 2015, the Cleveland Indians in 2016, and the Texas Rangers again in 2017. Napoli won the World Series with the Boston Red Sox in 2013 and was named an All-Star in 2012. He signed a one year deal for $7 million with Cleveland in 2016. In total, Mike Napoli earned a little over $80 million in salary alone during his time in the MLB.
Darren Oliver Net Worth
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Last Updated: 2019
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A subtle tile wave pattern perfect for presentation backgrounds, it's a texture made up off tiles.
Red sand close up Sahara desert. Sunset. Sand dunes and blue sky. Beautiful desert landscape. Sahara desert. Sand dunes Arabian desert. Sand dunes wave pattern. Nature background.
An animated standing wave pattern is shown as well as an oscilloscope, in a laboratory, in 1972.


text:
All posts tagged "BBNaija 2018"
BBNaija Reunion: Alex Speaks On Life After 'Double Wahala'
Former Big Brother Naija housemate, Alex has revealed how fame after 'Double Wahala' has helped her face her fears. Alex who was among the top final...
Big Brother Naija 2018: Six Housemates Listed For Eviction
The first eviction in the famous reality show Big Brother Naija season 3, which started on Sunday night has begun as six housemates have been asked...
Big Brother Naija: Announces Premiere Date For Big Brother Naija
Big Brother Naija that is expected to start on the 28th of january which is on a sunday will have a special two-hour episode on DStv...
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Host for 2018 edition of Big Brother Naija revealed. M-Net West Africa has announced the host for the 2018 edition of the popular TV reality show,...


text:
<?php
namespace Arcturial\StateMachine\Test\Condition;

use Arcturial\StateMachine\Condition\Not;

class ConditionTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testNot()
    {
        $condition = $this->getMockBuilder('Arcturial\StateMachine\Condition\ConditionInterface')
            ->setMethods(array('check'))
            ->getMockForAbstractClass();

        $condition->expects($this->once())
            ->method('check')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));

        $not = new Not($condition);

        $this->assertFalse($not->check());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Absolutely awesome. Still can't believe you did this with a mouse! Keep up the great work Lady!
Lady you are the cat's meow! I expect to see great things come from you in your professional career!
very nice art - hard to belive thats all PS Rock on !


text:
Q: Tic Tac Toe vs Computer For an assignment I was asked to create a [7] x [7] matrix, and a tic tac toe game vs a computer. Player is X and Computer is O.
[1][1] is choice 1, [1][3] is choice 2, [1][5] is choice 3, [3][1] is choice 4, etc etc until choice 9.
I have done everything except create two boolean methods to pass through the player and computer methods to check if the space is already occupied.
I cannot seem to be able to create a while loop and if-statement that logically tells the computer once it generates a random number between 1 and 9, that if that number is already taken, generate another random number until that number has NOT been taken.
public static char[][] ComputerPlays(char[][] M)
{
    System.out.println("Computer selects grid position...");
    //  *** computer play code ***

    int x = (int)((Math.random() * 9)+1);
    if (x ==1)
    {
        while (occupied(M[1][1]) == true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9)+1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[1][1])== false)
        {
            M[1][1] = 'O';
        }
    }
    if (x ==2)
    {
        if (occupied(M[1][3])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[1][3])== false)
        {
            M[1][3] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while (x ==3)
    {
        if (occupied(M[1][5])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[1][5])== false)
        {
            M[1][5] = 'O';
        }

    }
    while (x ==4)
    {
        if (occupied(M[3][1])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[3][1])== false)
        {
            M[3][1] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while (x ==5)
    {
        if (occupied(M[3][3])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[3][3])== false)
        {
            M[3][3] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while(x ==6)
    {
        if (occupied(M[3][5])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[3][5])== false)
        {
            M[3][5] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while(x ==7)
    {
        if (occupied(M[5][1])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[5][1])== false)
        {
            M[5][1] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while (x ==8)
    {
        if (occupied(M[5][3])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[5][3])== false)
        {
            M[5][3] = 'O';
        }
    }
    while (x ==9)
    {
        if (occupied(M[5][5])== true)
        {
            x = (int)((Math.random() *9) +1);
        }
        if (occupied(M[5][5])== false)
        {
            M[5][5] = 'O';
        }
    }
    return M;
}//end Computer Play

A: Your code will reroll a new position, but will not re-check previously tested positions.
For example, when you roll 5, and it is occupied, you will re-roll, but you won't go back and re-check 1 to 4.  If the new roll is 1 to 4, nothing will be played.
You need to put both the roll and the check (of all positions) into the loop.  The actual play can be left out of the loop, after a valid position is (finally) rolled.
Here is an example I wrote free-hand (due to time constrain):
public static char[][] ComputerPlays( char[][] M ) {
   System.out.println("Computer selects grid position...");
   int pos, x, y;
   do {
      pos = (int)(Math.random() * 9); // Roll a new position.
      x = ( pos / 3 )*2 + 1;
      y = ( pos % 3 )*2 + 1;
   } while ( occupied( M[x][y] ) ); // Repeat as long as the position is occupied.
   M[x][y] = 'O';
   return M;
} //end ComputerPlays

An alternatively would be to keep a list of open positions, removing them from the list as they are gone, and only roll on the list.  This will remove the need to reroll.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Above the last few a long time home gardening has turn out to be a desired previous-time as well as pastime. In truth, study has revealed which home gardening is at an all time entire of The united states at this time. In the usa eight from ten households take portion in some kind of home gardening action. Definitely by way of the amount of men and women who are doing this, home gardening is 1 of the most commonly used recreational pursuits inside of region.
Most folks which try their own hands at home gardening plant flowers a minimal of they start increasing blossoms anyway. Flowers will likely be the very first believed into any gardeners thoughts, nonetheless roses will call for added time as properly as operate, and really should most probably continue being in buy to any individual who has gardened prior to. Every time expanding blossoms many alternatives are accessible, this sort of as lights, perennials, and flowering mounds of crops.
Delightful vegetation is an additional big factor in home gardening.
Perhaps the greatest thing about edibles might be the reward of consuming all of them. The listing of tasty vegetation that gardeners could build at property is limitless. Some of the most typical tasty vegetation within the vegetable sector tend to be, taters, peas, corn, carrots, lead pages, as effectively as cucumber. Many gardeners opt for fruit, for illustration, watermelons, tomatoes, apricots, apples, apples, pears, and apricots. Small fruits, for example bananas, blueberries, and raspberries normally require a lot significantly less operate and a lot less space, which helps make them a lot more feasible for home gardening. Herbs, normally utilized as spices or herbs in cooking meals, are growing in recognition every single day probably the most grown consist of tulsi, thyme, oregano, parsley, and cilantro. Probably the most things to consider to look at for when expanding food is bugs as well as illness, right after all, you do not wish to shed out on the real feast you are likely to get to savor from wholesome plants.
Heaps of men and women do not comprehend it, but landscaping is really a kind of home gardening. Landscaping handles many different locations as effectively as types of gardening. You may also classify mowing your possess lawn since landscaping! Sustaining inside of the type of low herbage, landscaping typically involves ornamental grasses, and the great issue about all of them is they do not think about a lot function for routine maintenance. Varieties of lawn consist of goof grass, pampas, zoysia lawn, fire grass, as properly as ornamental millet. Landscaping isn't just constrained by plant lifestyle, but furthermore includes something accomplished to a backyard for design, for instance incorporating rubble or stones, placing a small pond, statutes, or a waterfall.
There is not a lot difference amongst home gardening and gardening anyplace else. Vegetation nonetheless require to be planted in a excellent spot. The genuine plants even so need to have consuming drinking water in addition they nevertheless need to have the exact same nutrients. Home gardening should not set off 1 to get anxious. If you do make a decision to try homing gardening as well as locating out that you really don't have an environmentally friendly thumb, really don't receive discouraged. Acquire some details, read up on gardening, and examine out this once again the subsequent planting season.


text:
'Something very historical': Push for diverse Biden Cabinet
FILE - In this March 5, 2020, file photo Rep. Deb Haaland, D-N.M., Native American Caucus co-chair, joined at right by Rep. Judy Chu, D-Calif., chair of the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, speaks to reporters about the 2020 Census on Capitol Hill in Washington. O.J. Semans is one of dozens of tribal officials and vote activists around the country pushing selection of Haaland to become the first Native American secretary of Interior. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
By: Ellen Knickmeyer and Matthew Daly, The Associated Press
Native Americans are urging President-elect Joe Biden to make history by selecting one of their own to lead the Interior Department, which oversees the nation's tribes.
The push is setting up one of several looming tests of Biden's pledge to have a Cabinet representative of Americans.
African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans and other people of color see themselves as crucial to Biden's defeat of President Donald Trump.
In return, they say they want attention on problems affecting their communities — and want to see more people who look like them in positions of power.
Make sure your next TV has NEXTGEN TV!


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text:
/*
 * File:   StarFileRef.h
 * Author: xy
 *
 * Created on December 16, 2014, 9:37 AM
 */

#ifndef STARFILEREF_H
#define	STARFILEREF_H

#include "StarFile.h"

class AreaBox {
public:
  int top;
  int left;
  int right;
  int down;
};

class FluxPartition {
public:
  int curIdx1;
  int curIdx2;
  int number1;
  int number2;
  double *fluxRatios1;
  double *fluxRatios2;
  double magDiff;
  double fluxRatioAverage;
  double fluxRatioMedian;
  double standardDeviation;
  double timesOfSD;
};

class StarFileFits : public StarFile {
protected:
  float fieldWidth; //星表视场的宽度
  float fieldHeight; //星表视场的高度

public:

  int fileExist;

  int showProcessInfo;

  char * fileName;
  float areaBox;
  int fitsHDU;
  int wcsext;
  double airmass;
  double jd;

  double magDiff;
  double fluxRatioAverage;
  double fluxRatioMedian;
  double standardDeviation;
  int fluxRatioSDTimes; //abs(ratioRatio - flusRatioAverage) > flusRatioSD * standardDeviation;

  float magErrThreshold; //对magerr小于magErrThreshold的星计算magDiff

  int gridX;
  int gridY;
  FluxPartition *fluxPtn;

  StarFileFits();
  StarFileFits(char * fileName);
  StarFileFits(char* fileName, float areaBox, int fitsHDU, int wcsext,
          int fluxRatioSDTimes, float magErrThreshold, int gridX, int gridY);
  StarFileFits(const StarFileFits& orig);
  virtual ~StarFileFits();

  void readStar();
  void readStar(char * fileName);
  void writeStar(char * outFile);
  void writeMatchStar(char * outFile);
  void readProerty();
  void setMagErrThreshold(float magErrThreshold);
  void setFitsHDU(int fitsHDU);
  void setAreaBox(float areaBox);
  void setFluxRatioSDTimes(int fluxRatioSDTimes);
  void setFileName(char* fileName);
  void getMagDiff();
  void fluxNorm();
  void tagFluxLargeVariation();
  void wcsJudge(int wcsext);
  void judgeInAreaPlane();
  void setFieldHeight(float fieldHeight);
  void setFieldWidth(float fieldWidth);
private:
  double getFieldFromWCSFloat(char *fileName, int wcsext, char *field);
  int isInAreaBox(int x, int y, AreaBox ab);
  void printerror(int status);
  void setStandardDeviation();
  void setFluxRatioMedian();
  void setFluxRatioAverage();
  void setMagDiff();
  void freeFluxPtn();
};

#endif	/* STARFILEREF_H */


CSA Czech Airlines provides an iOS app that is compatible with iPhone, iPod, and iPad.
Also, if you're a member of CSA Czech Airlines OK Plus, you can manage your profile, view your points balance, and more.
The Android apps from CSA Czech Airlines work with all Android phones and tablets from various manufacturers (Samsung, LG, Google, etc.), and Android Wear watches might also be compatible. As you might expect, the Android app from CSA Czech Airlines has the same familiar functions as the iOS app.
Also take a look at CSA Czech Airlines's website by clicking here — you should be able to do what you need there.


Clicking the button did not work. The button did change color on mouse-over, but clicking did not change state.
Switching to another window and back seemed to fix it, but still, that's a bug.
Consider adding an Edit feature to the forum.
We'll try to catch it and fix ASAP.
If you have a stable case to this bug, please write to us.


If you have a Wanhao I3, Balco printer, Cocoon or any of the clones that are the same for these machines, you will know that the filament holder they give you is only good for small 250gm or 1/4 size filaments. I buy my filaments in 1kg rolls, and they are wider than the holder, so this is how I made my own for a few bucks.
This is my first Instructable so I hope I get this right.
Step 1: Items to Get.
Start by getting a 25mm outside diameter pipe. I found mine in the hardware store in the watering irrigation section. While there, also get a 25mm end stop to go on the end. The other side is a connector which usually goes from the pipe to a valve. The screw section is just the right size for the hole where the original holder goes in, and it has a flange which will act as a stopper. The other part is an end screw which will fit nicely on the screw end of the valve thread.
Step 2: Note the Taper and Correct It.
One thing I noticed about the thread on the valve part is that it is slightly tapered. This is to ensure a tight fit to the valve where my finger is. If you use a file lightly on the end near the join, you can make it the same size all along so the thread will go on easy.
I cut my tube about 12-13cm long so it fits the new reels with plenty to spare, then glued the valve attachment on. With the threaded end part (in black) it needs the enclosed end cut off so you can use this as a lock nut. If you leave the end on, you will not be able to tighten it completely.
Check that the nut goes on the end easily then unscrew again. Put the thread through the hole where the original one was, put the nut on and tighten. I coloured mine black with spray paint and let it dry before I put it on to match the rest of the unit and also be the same colour as the original.
Step 5: Place End Cap on - DO NOT GLUE!
Put the end cap on but do not glue it. It is designed for a pull off/push on to stop the filament reel from working it's way off the end. If you glue the end on, you will not be able to put the reel over the end.
This is how the finished product will look. It's a simple project and I have done it twice on both of my printers and it works very well. I hope you give it a try.
Awesome project. You should definitely enter this into the PVC contest that is currently running.


MAPALATHAN v. ELAYAVAN.15—C. R. Point Pedro, 28£62.
Courts Ordinance, ss. 19, 36, and 37 (Cap. 6).
The Supreme Court has no power to revise or review a case decided byitself.
Relief by way of restitution on the ground of justus error will not begranted to a narty who has failed to place before the Court matter, whichwas at his command, if reasonable diligence had been exercised.
In order to succeed in an application for restitution the petitioner mustshow that the fact was not merely material but of such vital and essentialmateriality that it must have altered the whole aspect of the case.
rpHIS was an application for restitutio in integrum or revision.
S. J. V. Chelvanayagam (with him A. Muttucumaru), for petitioners.
In this matter the petitioners pray that by " way of restitutio in integrumor by way of revision", the judgment of this Court pronounced by deKretser J. on May 31, 1938, be set aside and that the judgment of theCourt of Requests dated September 30, 1937, be restored and affirmed.
This prayer is based on the allegation that my brother reached theconclusion he did, because the translation of document D 2 filed in thecopy supplied to him at the argument of the appeal, led him to think thatthere were only two transferors on that deed, whereas, in point of fact, theoriginal deed filed of record shows that there were four transferors. Theimplication of this allegation is that, but for this misapprehension of theeffect of deed D 2 my brother must inevitably have reached a conclusionin favour of the petitioners. For it is only on that basis that theapplication can succeed if at all.
Before I examine the facts, I would point out that this application,in so far as it purports to be an application for the exercise of this Court'srevisionary powers, cannot be entertained. I respectfully share theview taken by Withers J. in Loku Banda v. Assen.1 The combined effectof sections 19, 36, and 37 of the Courts and their Powers Ordinance andof section 753 of the Civil Procedure Code is to give the Supreme Courtpower to deal by way of revision with cases tried or pending trial inoriginal Courts, and not with cases, decided by the Supreme Court itself.
1 2 N. L. P.. 311.
2 2 s. c. c. ms.
In Thamotheram v. Hensman' Wendt J. doubted this view of Withers J.and I venture to share that doubt. It is significant as pointed out byWithers J. himself that our Code of Civil Procedure enacted in 1889 didnot take over the provisions in the Indian Code of 1882 in regard to thereview of judgments, while it took over substantially the provisions inregard to revision. Perhaps this was due to the fact that it was thoughtthat the object which the provisions relating to the review of judgmentsaimed at could be attained in our Courts by proceedings for restitutio inintegrum.
It is true that at one time the question was raised whether restitutio inintegrum could be properly held to form part of the law of Ceylon inthe absence from the Courts Ordinance and the Code of Civil Procedureof any provision enabling the Supreme Court to grant relief by way ofrestitutio in integrum, and in view of the power of revision enjoyed by theSupreme Court. But in Abeyesekere v. Haramanis Appu* it was held byWood Renton and Grenier JJ. that the remedy of restitutio in integrumis one which has taken deep root in the practice and procedure of ourCourts and that it is too late that this remedy ought no longer to berecognized.
So far as the present application is concerned, Counsel for the respondenttakes no objection to it on the ground either that there is some otherremedy available to the petitioner or on the ground that the applicationis not made within reasonable time. But, he contends that the mistakewhich the petitioner relies on is not such a mistake as falls within themeaning of justus error. He says that the mistake referred to was amistake which would not have occurred if the petitioner had presentedhis case with due care, and also that the petitioner is not in a position toshow that but for the mistake the Judge who heard the appeal could notbut have reached a conclusion in his favour.
> tt S. b. R. 3 5.1.
Mutual Loan Agency, Ltd. v. Dharmasena.
stated definitely in his judgment that all four of them had transferred.This, in my opinion, should have put the petitioners' Counsel on inquiryas to the reason for that statement of the Commissioner, and the least hecould have done was to examine the original of deed D 2. If he had donethat, he would have seen at a glance that all four had put their marks tothat deed. He was, however, content to acquiesce in the view taken bythe Judge on appeal, who went on the assumption that the translationof deed D 2 in the copy furnished to him was correct, and that accordingto the translation only two of the four were transferors. These facts aresimilar to those in the case before Wendt J. to which I have alreadyreferred (Thamotheram v. Hensman). In that case Wendt J. refused tointerfere by way of restitutio in integrum because as he said: " It is notsuggested that my conclusions are not warranted -by the materials placedbefore me. The parties are themselves to blame for having put beforethe Court only part of the evidence which they had at their command.There is no suggestion of any fraud ". Here too, there is no suggestion offraud, and the matter now relied upon must be regarded as a matter atthe command of the petitioners if reasonable diligence had been exercised.It was not res noviter veniens ad notitiam. Moreover, in this case, I amnot satisfied, that if the fact that all the -four thombu holders were partiesto D 2 had been put before the Judge on appeal he would necessarily havereached a different conclusion. D 2 was an unregistered deed of 1804and as such it could not be relied upon for the purpose of creating ortransferring the rights of the transferors. Indeed, D 2 was producedexpressly for the purpose of serving as a starting point for a prescriptivetitle the petitioner relied upon. In the result, the most that can be saidon behalf of the petitioners is that, in view of the inadequate translationof D 2 furnished to the Appeal Judge, he overlooked a material fact. Butfor the petitioners to succeed in an application for restitutio in integrumthey must show that the fact was not merely material but of such vitaland essential materiality that it must have altered the whole aspect ofthe case.
I therefore refuse this application with costs.


In office, Atiyeh Chiropractic and Functional Neurology uses chiropractic Cox Technic Flexion Distraction and Decompression to widen the canal space, drop the intradiscal pressure, increase the disc height to relieve pain, and realigns the vertebral segments to allow normal ranges of motion.
At home you will want to may want to avoid sitting for long periods of time, wear a support brace if recommended, take nutritional supplements that help rebuild disc cartilage, do exercises that strengthen your spine, sleep on a supportive mattress, sit in an ergonomically designed chair, and modify your daily activities as needed. You will want to work closely with us at Atiyeh Chiropractic and Functional Neurology to ensure your treatment is properly administered and your return to maximum health is maximized.
Contact Atiyeh Chiropractic and Functional Neurology today about your lumbar spine subluxation.


The domain names selected for Tectonic and Controller DNS names during install cannot be easily changed later. If a cluster's domain name needs to change, set up a new cluster with the new domain name and migrate cluster work to it.
Make sure to check out the community support forum to work through issues, report bugs, identify documentation requirements, or put in feature requests.


The Girls Deluxe Toy Story 3 Jessie Costume will look great on your daughter. Allow her to imitate the Toy Story 3 cowgirl character, the yodeling and favorite Jessie, who is popular for being enthusiastic and energetic. These unique Halloween costumes are good for outspoken little girls. The Toy Story 3 costume is a single piece jumpsuit along with an attached belt. Sleeves of this jumpsuit possess large yellow cuffs along with fringes. The lower part of the costume features printed chaps that too with fringes. In addition, this costume includes red cowgirl hat of Jessie along with a yellow-colored hair bow. The Deluxe Jessie costume is available in toddler, small and medium sizes from sizes 3 to 8. Boots are not inclusive with this costume. Let your child flaunt or reveal her true talent by sporting this unique and much-adored attire. Toddlers will fall in love wearing this dress.


We improve the Slack platform every day by releasing new features, squashing bugs, and delivering fresh documentation. Here's an account of what's recently happened. This is our #changelog.
We tweet about most of these updates from @slackapi, but we also offer this wonderfully antiquated RSS feed. Slack, the service and product, has its own changelog too.
Use the slash command: /feed subscribe https://api.slack.com/changelog.rss to receive these updates in a Slack channel of your choosing.
Preview The developer preview for workspace apps has ended. We're taking the components of workspace apps and breaking them apart: applying them in phases to existing as well as new apps. Read more about the motivation behind ending the preview.
APIs When querying dnd.teamInfo, the users argument is required beginning June 3, 2019. Future-proof your app by explicitly listing which users you wish to see Do Not Disturb settings for.
APIs We're starting to enforce (more firmly) the 5GB file upload limit for workspaces on a Free plan. Some API endpoints will yield tombstoned files with the content redacted. Read more.
Apps Buttons in message blocks have gained some color. Use the new style field to visually compel and alert users.
APIs As public channels become private, they now retain their original channel ID. Legacy methods like groups.list and channels.list don't support these transitional channel types and Conversations API methods must be used instead. Learn more.
APIs We're retiring the files.comments.add and files.comments.edit methods on May 22nd, 2019. Learn more.
APIs We're postponing planned changes around scope requirements for app and bot access to email addresses. The new date is in autumn, on October 16th, 2018. If you haven't already prepared, read on.
Consult scheduled changes for additional future-looking changes.
Here are the 207 changelog entries logged since November 2015.
APIs Parent messages in a thread will no longer explicitly list their replies. Instead of a large replies array containing threaded message replies, we'll provide a lighter-weight list of reply_users, plus a reply_users_count and the latest_reply message. These new fields are already available. We'll remove the replies array on October 18, 2019. Read up on threaded messages here.
APIs Make your app a better listener with the app_home_opened event. When a user enters a conversation with your app, you can trigger a friendly onboarding flow, a whimsical welcome message, or a deep-dive into dialog. Read more.
APIs Retrieve all active incidents, rather than just the most recent one, using version 2.0.0 of the Slack Status API. Read more.
APIs We're returning a more descriptive limit_required error when you call users.list or channels.list for teams containing tens of thousands of responses. To avoid the peril of errors entirely, use pagination.
Tools Taking a novel approach to pagination, the v5 release of our Slack SDK for Node.js supports Node v8 LTS and above. It also splits the client into three separately installable packages optimized for speed and bundle size. Work with other languages or frameworks? Browse other tools built for you.
APIs Harness a hint of time travel for your app. Schedule messages for delivery at the time of your choosing.
APIs We're loosening up limits on dialogs. You can use five extra elements (ten total) and lovingly label them with longer lengths of letters.
APIs When your exacting maths require the precise number of members party to a particular conversation, use the new include_num_members parameter with conversations.info.
Apps Build better messages with Block Kit, a set of building blocks for simple messages and vast, interactive workflows. And, build messages better with Block Kit Builder.
APIs We're limiting legacy tester tokens by revoking them when they're left unused for several months. As a pleasant counterpoint, our method testers let you bring your own token now.
Apps Apps endure, even when their installing user leaves the team—as long as the app doesn't perform actions on behalf of the installing user. Read up on the new behavior, which rolls out to free, paid, and Enterprise Grid teams over the next week.
APIs Conversation objects associated with shared channels now feature a conversation_host_id field, indicating the workspace or enterprise grid organization that "hosts" the shared channel.
APIs We're erasing the shares attribute from "shared channel" conversation objects. In methods like conversations.history and the Events and RTM APIs, enjoy a lighter-weight list of the shared_team_ids representing the teams across which the conversation is shared.
APIs Post replies in a thread with incoming webhooks: the thread_ts parameter now puts your webhook reply in its proper place.
APIs The data structure of messages received from our APIs will change with the launch of Block Kit early next year. In return you'll be able to add newer, clearer visual components to make your app's messages magnificent. Even if you aren't using it, your apps may be affected by the additions. Learn more.
APIs Apps may now restrict Web API requests to as many as 10 IP address ranges. Learn more about IP whitelisting for internal integrations.
Preview Whatever flavor of workspace token you're using, you can now expect the same invalid_auth error code when the token is invalid. You'll receive this error whether the token is expired, revoked, or just plain wrong. Use our OAuth 2.0-based token refresh system to refresh expired tokens safely.
Preview Workspace apps may now continuously rotate shorter-lived tokens without downtime. Our OAuth 2.0-based token refresh system is strongly recommended for all workspace apps. Expiring and rotating tokens is required for all distributed workspace apps. Already manage a distributed workspace app? Please implement token rotation by January 15, 2019. Learn more.
APIs Clear clever custom statuses like clockwork. Learn how apps can add expiration dates when setting custom statuses for people.
Tools Dialogs now follow a separation of callback and state. Read more about the new state parameter and how it differs from callback_id.
Tools Verifying requests from Slack just got easier: our Node Interactive Messages SDK, Node Events API SDK, and Python Events API SDK now verify request signatures automatically. Learn more.
APIs "40k ought to be enough characters for any message." - Slack Platform Gatekeepers. Messages are now limited to 40,000 characters. Learn more about these planned changes.
APIs Your workspace app can use the new apps.uninstall method to uninstall itself from a single workspace, revoking all tokens associated with it. To revoke a workspace token without uninstalling the app, use auth.revoke.
Preview It's official: workspace apps can reach out to and converse with anyone using the new conversations.app_home:create scope. No more fumbling with conversation IDs or different methods: just plug the user's ID into chat.postMessage and go.
Preview If your workspace app posts ghostly messages with chat.postEphemeral, you may have noticed a no_permission error thrown instead of channel_not_found when your app isn't a member of the target conversation. Turns out we actually could find the channel after all.
Apps We updated our Slack App Developer Policy and API Terms of Service to provide more detailed guidance, but we have not made material changes. The new policy is effective August 31, 2018. Together, we keep Slack a safe, private and secure platform for work. Learn more.
APIs Pagination rules the nation and the Slack API. These methods newly support cursors: files.info, groups.list, im.list, mpim.list, reactions.list, and stars.list. For apps created after August 7, 2018, results will be returned in perfect, piecemeal pages by default. Learn more about pagination.
Tools With Slack Developer Tools you can now quickly look up documentation, investigate the structure of messages, and more, all inside of Slack.
APIs Commenting on files is now just like replying to a message. All developers working with file objects, events, or comments should read on to learn more, much more, about file threads.
APIs HTTP requests originating from Slack now support Mutual TLS. Use Mutual TLS to attain the highest level of confidence that requests from Slack are, in fact, authentic. Read more.
Preview Get ready to lend users a hand and start working on their behalf. Now workspace apps can ask for permission to read & write personalized settings like reminders, custom status, and profile data. Learn more about working for users.
Apps Our recently launched message actions are now available for use in all Enterprise Grid workspaces and any Shared Channels within them.
APIs Confidently verify a request originates from Slack by validating our new request signatures. The signing process replaces the use of verification tokens, now deprecated. Learn more.
APIs We expect file threads to arrive after July 19, 2018. Do you manage a Slack app relying heavily on files or file comments? Join our pilot program and prepare your app for file threads ahead of the transition. Learn more about what's changing.
APIs Learn when private channels are deleted with the new group_deleted event, now available for the Events and RTM APIs.
Preview The Conversations API now supports workspace apps, using three simplified scopes: conversations:history, conversations:read, and conversations:write. We recommend upgrading your apps in developer preview to the Conversations API as soon as possible. Learn more.
APIs Beginning October 16, 2018 the users:read.email scope is required to retrieve the email field from user profiles while using user or workspace tokens. Consult our previous announcements on this topic from 2016 and 2017 for migration tips and some historical perspective.
Apps Adding contextual actions lets users send specific messages to your app at will. Here are some amazing things our partners do with actions. This blueprint demonstrates the ineffable synergy of using actions and dialogs together.
APIs We're compiling a humble library of JSON schema about the Events API into a kind of open specification called AsyncAPI.
APIs Newly-issued bot user token strings are a little longer than before. Building for the ages? Plan for token strings containing up to 255 characters.
Preview Apps participating in our developer preview using the Events API will need to subscribe to message.app_home events for a focused feed of messages between your app and the people who interface with them through the app home. These messages aren't delivered to message.im subscriptions now. Learn more.
APIs File threads, a replacement for file comments, is on the way! Learn about the changes ahead, some of them may break apps relying on file comments behavior and some apps may need to request additional scopes when working with files.
APIs Measure drop off and send helpful follow ups when users cancel dialogs with these opt-in cancellation notifications.
APIs Have a bot user token you don't need or want to use anymore? Now you can use xoxb- tokens with auth.revoke.
APIs We're still tidying up the character limits on the text field of posted messages and gradually lowering its maximum. On April 25th, we began truncating messages greater than 500,000 characters. As of July 12, the maximum is 100,000. We'll begin truncating messages greater than 40,000 characters in August 2018. Learn more.
Preview Your workspace token-based apps in developer preview must now request the files:write scope to upload & manage files instead of files:write:user. Existing access grants are backfilled. Know your read & write rights.
Preview Working with workspace token-based apps as part of our preview? Please start using oauth.access instead of oauth.token during installation. Read on to learn why and about new features.
APIs Some bots are users too. Now you can find a bot user's user_id with bots.info.
APIs Enhance your dialogs with dynamic form elements "borrowed" from message menus. Learn more.
APIs Rediscover the conversations you're party to with users.conversations.
APIs We corrected and clarified the behavior of users.profile.set to only allow admins of paid teams to update email address profile fields.
APIs We are continuing to decrease the maximum number of results returned by members arrays returned in channels.* and rtm.start, with the limit currently set to 500 results. conversations.members provides paginated access instead. Read this October 2017 announcement for detail.
APIs Web API methods will be enhanced with tiered rate limiting beginning March 7, 2018, with most methods gaining greater limits than ever before. Learn more about this week's incremental rollout of rate limit tiers.
APIs Now you can follow up after users submit your dialogs. Use the new response_url attached to any dialog_submission to send messages after submission.
APIs Now users can respond to dialog textarea elements with up to 3,000 riveting, carefully-chosen characters.
APIs Events API rate limiting has matured, now allowing apps up to 30,000 event deliveries per workspace per hour. Having trouble keeping up? Event deliveries will only be disabled when apps drop below a 5% successful response rate. Learn more.
APIs The users.setActive method was recently rendered irrelevant by our efforts to modernize our message servers. Use users.setPresence and/or connect via RTM to proclaim a user's presence instead. We'll remove this no-op method entirely on May 8, 2018.
APIs Catch up on recent changes to presence in the RTM and Web APIs and changes to come, including the deprecation of users.list's presence parameter. Read on.
APIs Having trouble connecting to the RTM API lately? WebSocket URIs may contain querystring parameters & some libraries don't like that. Find out more.
Preview Workspace token apps in developer preview now must request the chat:write scope to post messages. Existing access grants are backfilled. Read on, developer previewers!
APIs Active listening made easier: Subscribe to app_mention events to exclusively receive messages mentioning your app or bot.
APIs Now shared channels can be made private and the implications are well worth considering, especially if assuming channel IDs beginning with C are public. Read on.
APIs For those moments when your app knows a user's email address but hasn't met them on Slack yet: now apps with users:read.email can use users.lookupByEmail and skip wading through users.list.
APIs Turn your links into buttons by adding link buttons to your messages.
Tools Storyboard, mock, and play make believe with these useful design templates starring your favorite platform features.
APIs Use chat.getPermalink to easily exchange a message ts for a permalink URL.
APIs Why couldn't bot users use bots.info? We don't know but now they can too.
APIs Help people get back to work by deep linking to your Slack app or directly to a channel.
APIs When a workspace migrates to Enterprise Grid, existing users are given a second global user ID. Now you can bulk convert those with migration.exchange and turn off your app's translation layer, living the dream of one user ID per user.
APIs Do what you like with this OpenAPI 2.0 specification of our Web API. Relatedly, most methods now contain more helpful response examples. More specs and coverage on the way. Read on about our API spec.
APIs Send JSON when posting to Web API write methods. Gone are the days of perfunctory errors when sending lovingly crafted JSON to chat.postMessage and other methods. Read on.
APIs We broadened support for presenting your tokens as a "bearer token" in Authorization HTTP headers with the Web API. Learn more.
APIs We removed the latest, unread_count, and unread_count_display fields from limited contexts of the new Conversations API. They weren't really supposed to be there. You won't find them spuriously lurking in the shadows again. We don't anticipate any issues but let us know if you find any.
APIs The members array found in many Web API methods like channels.list and rtm.start is now truncated. We continue to lower the maximum results returned. Please Use conversations.members to manage memberships instead. Read on to learn more.
Docs Scheduled changes and feature retirements to the Slack platform are now easier to find in our forward-looking calendar of upcoming changes.
APIs The RTM API's presence_change event requires presence_sub subscriptions beginning November 15, 2017. Read on.
Apps Ask users for more structured form-based information with Dialogs.
APIs Now you can customize your app's experience by the locale and language preferred by users, channels, and other conversational constructs. Start practicing your Klingon. 🖖 Learn how.
Apps Shared Channels let Slack apps collaborate with users across different organizations.
Apps The Conversations API is a collection of more than 15 Web API methods normalizing the way apps deal with channels, direct messages, and more. Never rely on the first character of a channel ID again.
APIs The role of @username is changing on the platform but we're making the transition as backwards-compatible as possible. Read on for important updates.
Docs We are clarifying two terms encountered throughout Slack, "team" (the people you talk to in Slack) and "workspace" (the place you do work). You'll find many team references updated to workspace across Slack and API documentation. With artifacts like the team object, field, and parameters scattered through the platform, you'll often still encounter team while reading and programming.
APIs No more sad panda 🐼 because we fixed it — Now the outgoing webhook response payload includes a thread_ts attribute so you know if the message is triggered in a thread!
Apps Batten down the hatches! Further secure your internal integrations by restricting token use of Web API methods to specific IP addresses you trust: IP whitelisting is here.
APIs Improve your custom unfurling flows with these enhancements to authenticated unfurls and chat.unfurl.
APIs No longer the sole domain of slash commands and interactive messages, now apps can emit their own ghostly ephemeral messages with chat.postEphemeral.
APIs Temporary rollback: We've reinstated access to the email attribute for bot and user tokens. On August 1, 2017 we proceeded with limiting email access to user tokens with users:read.email, originally announced in November 2016 and again, with a revised plan in April 2017.
Preview Our developer preview for a new kind of Slack app based on workspace tokens is open. Learn how to work with workspace tokens and about our new Permissions API. Our announcement covers the story behind the token.
Docs With so many token types decorating our platform, this guide to token types has become a necessity.
Docs Now we allow you to learn more about OAuth permission scopes and methods, events, and token types each supports with this helpful OAuth scope library.
APIs Shuttle Slack app installers to the installation flow more swiftly from the app directory with a Direct Install URL.
Tools Our little changelog has its own RSS feed now. Learn how to subscribe to updates in your Slack workspace.
APIs Buried somewhere in this RTM announcement, we told you about the latest field departing from channel objects returned in the long rtm.start preamble. Those fields are gone. Turns out we also removed unread_count_display and unread_count too. If you're suffering from a sense of loss over these unread count fields, please drop us a line. You can still find them in channels.info.
Apps Your app has a home in Slack. Read all about it!
Apps Teams now have the option to limit Slack app installation only to apps listed in the Slack app directory.
APIs We're introducing a unified cursor-based pagination model to many of our Web API methods beginning with but one: now you can drink from users.list one delicious sip at a time.
APIs Get an event when more members join your User Group or when — uh-oh, it loses members with subteam_members_changed.
APIs Do you work with presence_change events in the RTM API? Learn about new ways to subscribe and consolidate presence events here.
Tools We've compiled a collection of Best Practices around building fantastic Slack app user experiences. Your users will be stoked!
Tools We've turned a light on for you and your development team: App Blueprints are like recipes for building the internal integrations your team needs to succeed.
APIs We've corrected a long-standing bug where user or @channel-type mentions in code blocks (```) would trigger notifications. They won't now.
Apps We've made very minor improvements to our OAuth-based installation process. You may notice a shifted pixel here and there but no app-facing functionality has changed.
APIs Just like subscribing to your app's own newsletter: App Events tell the story of your app's lifecycle. Learn when your app is uninstalled with app_uninstalled, or when user and bot tokens are revoked with tokens_revoked. Pause and resume activity when teams migrate to Enterprise Grid with grid_migration_started and grid_migration_finished.
APIs We undocumented the mysterious user_id_mapping_old_to_new field described in the Enterprise Grid documentation. It doesn't actually exist and never has, oops!
Apps Slackbot wants to help spread the word about your cool Slack app. Add a little HTML to your site and we'll suggest your app when your links are mentioned. Learn how to make your app discoverable.
APIs You'll soon see fewer message.channel_join and message.channel_leave message subtype events in the Events API and RTM API. Instead, you'll find these new refreshingly direct and informative events: member_joined_channel and member_left_channel. Here's the whole scoop.
APIs That old channels.list API method has a new parameter: exclude_members. Some teams are so big and some channels have so many members that listing them all in a single API response along with every other channel is just outright impractical. Cull unneeded data easily accessed with channels.info by excluding members fields.
APIs We'd like you to stop using rtm.start and start using rtm.connect instead. rtm.connect boots quickly and works well with the most gigantic teams and enterprises of the galaxy.
APIs It's spring cleaning time for email. We're winding down the grandfathering introduced for apps using users:read created before January 4th, 2017. After August 1st, 2017 your apps must request users:read.email to gain that access. See this post for more detail. This retirement has been delayed with no date yet rescheduled.
APIs Observe the custom status of team members with users.profile.get. Update a user's custom status with users.profile.set. Learn how to sync status with calendars, cubicles, conference calls, and bathroom stalls.
Apps More ways to make messages interactive than before: introducing message menus. Define your options statically, dynamically, even personally — or use our handy conversation, channel, and user pickers. Don't forget your field guide.
APIs As with the humans operating them, user objects change over time. With the new updated field, decisively learn last time a user object transformed. Look for it in methods including (but not limited to) users.list and users.info. It's an integer value depicting seconds since the epoch.
Apps We're introducing new, multimedia ways for bots and apps to express themselves in the app directory. Follow our new guidelines to make a great impression with potential installers.
Apps Provide users posting links with all the context and interactivity they need, right in Slack. Introducing Slack app unfurling. Here's the announcement!
APIs Beginning March 9, 2017, events transmitted via the Events API will include event_id and event_time fields. event_id is globally unique across all teams while the event_time is when the event dispatched, in integer-based epoch time. Use these fields as you like, but there's nothing you need to do to prepare for this eventuality.
Apps We made it easier to create and manage your Slack apps. And if you're building internal integrations for your own team, there's a better way to install your app without worrying about the OAuths. Check it out.
APIs Looking for custom integrations? They're documented as legacy now. They still work like you're used to but we'd prefer you built your internal integrations as part of a Slack app instead.
APIs Minor field changes coming to channels.history file messages and skype user profile fields. Read all about it.
APIs You have the tools and the talent — now you have the opportunity: Learn how to develop for Slack Enterprise Grid. Here's the announcement for the suits.
APIs Now your app can read, write, and party with message threads. Rolling out to teams over the next few days, message threads are a perfect place to tuck your wonderful workflows. Here's our announcement.
APIs This new year's resolution is a minor slash command revolution: a backwards-compatible, familiar, and decisive means to resolve user IDs, channel IDs, and links from references in slash command invocations. Learn how to turn on this helpful, long-requested feature.
APIs Now everyone's bot is present and accounted for. Events API-only bots can toggle online presence by visiting their app management command center. Details worth catching up on: bot user presence.
Apps We made it so Slack apps have a profile within Slack like humans do — Here's an announcement tweet.
Apps Let's extend a warm welcome to new app_id fields now appearing in our APIs. app_id is now found in rtm.start & bots.info. You'll also find app_id in the bot_added & bot_changed events. What's an app_id? It's the alphanumeric string found in the URL bar while managing your Slack apps.
APIs We've added a new OAuth permission scope called users:read.email. Apps created after January 4th, 2017 will need to request this additional scope to gain access to team member email fields when using users.list and users.info. Existing Slack apps with users:read are automatically grandfathered to include these fields. Here's even more detail on that.
Docs Now you'll find links to practical tutorials and thoughtful articles displayed beside relevant documentation found here on api.slack.com. Discover new articles or browse them by topic in our new Tutorials hub. Written something great? Tell us about it!
Tools Our developer relations team has renewed Slack's adoption of key open source tooling: Slack Developer Kits. Discover our Python & node.js SDKs in their new home on our community index.
APIs We will soon add an additional response_metadata node to our JSON responses; we'll put warnings there first and other useful stuff later. More details are available.
APIs Newly issued OAuth token strings are longer than they were before, as we informed you about last month. Let us know if this vexes you.
APIs Now you can use the users.profile:write OAuth permission scope to reset and upload profile images using users.deletePhoto and users.setPhoto.
Apps We've dramatically improved the process of submitting a Slack App for inclusion in our Slack App Directory. You'll find a helpful, interactive checklist when first submitting your app. When you're ready to iterate further, you can simply create a secondary beta application. If a core piece of your app's functionality changes (like requesting new OAuth permission scopes), we'll happily review your app again. Read all about it on the platform blog.
Apps Ever needed to send a user to Slack directly from your app? Here's how to deep link and make native Slack clients part of your app's workflow: Open key teams, channels, and conversations. Or, defer to search results using the slack:// URI scheme.
APIs The character length of token strings is getting longer. Find out how long they'll get and how to future-proof yourself for changes in the future.
APIs You may encounter an occasional user ID beginning with the letter W. We've released a new version of node-slack-sdk to correct a related bug. Read more about these changes.
APIs Introducing the Events API, a new way for Slack apps to receive event types previously available only to the real time messaging API. Subscribe to the events your app needs and have them delivered right to your server as they happen. Build a bot or event-driven app without worrying about websockets, and scale it like a web app. Read more about the Events API in our blog post, Subscribe to the Events API.
APIs Until now, it's been easy to accidentally send messages flush with hundreds of message attachments. We've begun limiting the number of message attachments per message to 100. For approaches like chat.postMessage, incoming webhooks, and chat.update, and response_urls you will receive a too_many_attachments error. Unfortunately, we are unable to serve you an error when sending messages as part of a slash command or message buttons invocation response.
Apps If you're interested in listing your Slack App in our directory, you'll want to review our new Slack App Directory Agreement and consider our Security Review Process. Find these and other policies in our new Slack App developer policy hub.
APIs We've corrected a bug where incoming webhooks could post messages in "#general" even 1) if that channel restricts posts and 2) the user owning the webhook was not allowed to post there. This new behavior will only prevent recently created webhooks from posting to restricted "#general" channels, so if your old webhooks are relying on this quirk, they'll be fine for now.
APIs Now your applications can read and write defined team profile fields for individual team members. The users.profile:write scope allows you to edit fields with users.profile.set. The users.profile:read scope empowers you to discover available fields with team.profile.get and retrieve user profiles with users.profile.get.
Apps Slack apps can now add action-invoking interactive buttons to messages, allowing you to simplify workflows and encourage users to take decisive action from within Slack.
Tools For better readability, syntax highlighting has been added to code blocks throughout our documentation.
APIs We've corrected the behavior of stars.list so that it only returns stars belonging to the owner of the presented token. The user parameter may still be used if the provided user ID belongs to the user utilizing the token.
APIs Team administrators may now use tokens with the admin scope to request information about the billable status of team members using the team.billableInfo API method.
APIs Now that bot_id appears in the real-time messaging API and Web API, you need a better way to look up bot users. Use the new bots.info method to query bot/application information by ID. It requires the users:read scope.
APIs Additional real time messaging API events will begin including the event_ts timestamp field later this June. Find out what to expect.
APIs Now you can put down a footer on your message attachments. Use the footer, footer_icon, and ts fields to tie content across time and space.
APIs For the few of you out there using outdated tokens, we've made some changes to authorship behavior when using chat.postMessage.
APIs Error conditions in incoming webhooks are due for an improvement. Read all about how blanket HTTP 500s will become more fine-grained, purposeful error conditions. Shipped on June 16, 2016.
APIs Recently introduced bugs in our iOS & Android apps cause message attachment fields marked as "short" to wrongly render long anyway. Our fixes may take a couple weeks to reach each platform.
Apps Sign team members into your website, service, or application with Sign in with Slack, based on the same OAuth 2.0 flow used by the Add to Slack button. Read more about it in this announcement.
APIs We've added two new API methods: users.identity works with Sign in with Slack and auth.revoke revokes hallway privileges for access tokens. Actually, it revokes the whole token.
APIs Bot user tokens may now use files.info to look up information about files they have access to by virtue of their channel memberships. Also, very helpful for adapting to upcoming file events changes.
Tools Manage your Slack apps joyously with our updated app edit pages.
APIs File events are changing in the real time messaging API beginning May 16th. Here are details on everything that will change, and the upcoming ability for files.info to be used by bot users.
APIs As previously announced, we've added a bot_id field to relevant API responses. Let us know if you run into any issues.
APIs We released a family of API methods to create and manage reminders. Meet reminders.list, reminders.info, reminders.add, reminders.delete, and of course reminders.complete.
Apps We fixed an unfortunate bug where a team member could inadvertently uninstall a whole Slack App from their team by removing a single incoming webhook associated with that instance of the app.
Tools Find out what we're building! Announcing our Platform Roadmap.
Tools Need ideas for building on Slack? Try the Ideaboard.
Tools Another way to keep up with the Slack Platform: Install the API News App to receive occasional, important notifications about the platform.
APIs Your bot users author their own messages, now they can edit them too. Bot user tokens may now use chat.update, like humans do.
APIs Now chat.postMessage will better intuit your intent when you don't explicitly specify the as_user parameter. Let us know if we're guessing wrong!
APIs One day soon our Web API will warn you when something is only slightly wrong with your requests. Read all about API warnings.
Docs Be welcoming. Be kind. Look out for each other. This is the Code of Conduct for the Slack Developer community.
APIs Now bot users can use methods requiring the dnd:read scope, like dnd.info and dnd.teamInfo. Your bots'll be more polite than a protocol droid!
Docs Home in on hosting for your app or integration with this collection of hosting providers.
Tools Craft your fancy messages in real time with the new Message Builder!
Apps Users can now rename Bot Users they've installed as Slack Apps. More naming, more claiming. No more terrible twos.
Docs We finally updated the slackhq/slack-api-docs repository, reflecting recently introduced and quite ancient documentation updates and new features.
APIs reaction_added & reaction_removed events now include an item_user field indicating the user that created the original content everyone's raving about.
Docs Published this changelog you're reading right now. So that you can know about all this stuff. Tell your friends.
APIs New Web API methods: share files publicly with files.sharedPublicURL or make them private again with files.revokePublicURL.
APIs files.comments.add, files.comments.edit, and files.comments.delete are now available to bot users.
Tools Quickly find the right tools for your project with our new listing of often-used open source libraries.
Tools The handy test token generator previously found in the Web API documentation now stands proud with its very own page.
Docs Need help? We have some tips for you.
Docs api.slack.com's sidebar is now better organized by topic.
APIs As of January 4th, 2016, authorization headers are now required for most Web API requests involving file URLs. See this doc and blog post for more information.
Apps Make sure you're ready before submitting your Slack App for review by following this Slack App Checklist.
Docs Incoming Webhooks documentation updated to better bait best practices and discourage fishy formatting behavior.
Docs The file object documentation now includes a list of possible file types.
Tools Now you can upgrade your Slack App's OAuth Scopes by managing your apps. This article explains it all.
APIs Don't press snooze until you've dreamed about our new Do Not Disturb Web API methods.
Apps You can now package Bot Users within Slack Apps, making your creations easier to distribute to teams.
Apps We launched the Slack Application Directory, where teams can discover apps like yours.
Apps We announced the Slack Fund to "give developers the backing they need to build everything possible in Slack."
Docs The api.slack.com home page is fancier.
APIs Enjoy major updates to the Slash Commands documentation, expanding on topics like... delayed responses.
APIs Announced important changes to the Files methods of the Web API.
APIs Added team.integrationLogs to the Web API.
APIs Added authorization support for thumbnail URLs appearing in File objects.
Apps More granular OAuth scopes are here! Now your apps can ask for the exact level of access you need.


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Mihailo Petrović-Njegoš (en serbe cyrillique : Михаило Петровић-Његош), né le  à Podgorica et mort le  à Paris, est l'héritier du trône du Monténégro de 1921 à sa mort.

Famille
Mihailo Petrović-Njegoš est le fils de Mirko Dimitri Petrović-Njegoš et de Natalija Konstantinović. Il est le neveu de Danilo Petrović-Njegoš et le petit-fils du roi , ses deux prédécesseurs à la tête de la dynastie Petrović-Njegoš.

En 1941, il épouse Geneviève Denise Charlotte Prigent (1919, Saint-Brieuc – 1990, Lannion), mais leur divorce est prononcé en 1949. En 1944, le prince Nikola Petrović-Njegoš, actuel prince héritier de Monténégro, naît de leur union. Après le divorce,  s'installe avec son fils à Paris puis à Trébeurden, dans les Côtes-d'Armor, où elle débutera une carrière d'orthoptiste.

Biographie
En 1916, le royaume du Monténégro étant envahi par l'Autriche-Hongrie, le prince Mihailo quitte le pays avec le reste de la famille royale. En 1918, cet exil devient définitif quand le Monténégro est absorbé par le royaume de Serbie, qui s'unit ensuite à l'État des Slovènes, Croates et Serbes pour former le royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes.

En 1921, après la mort de son grand-père et l'abdication de son oncle Danilo II, il devient roi titulaire de Monténégro.

Vivant en France au moment de l'invasion allemande, le prince et son épouse sont emmenés en Allemagne en 1941. Détenu dans  un château près du lac de Constance, il reçoit la visite de Joachim von Ribbentrop et du comte Galeazzo Ciano, qui lui annoncent leur intention de restaurer le royaume de Monténégro à son profit. Ne souhaitant pas collaborer avec les occupants de la Yougoslavie, il refuse leur offre et demeure détenu en Allemagne jusqu'à ce que sa tante, Hélène de Monténégro, reine d'Italie, obtienne la libération du couple en 1943. Ils rentrent en France mais il est arrêté au printemps 1944 par les autorités allemandes et transféré au château d'Eisenberg en Bohême en tant que « personnalité-otage ».

En 1947, sur invitation de Tito, il se rend en Yougoslavie : il n'était pas revenu depuis 1916 dans son royaume. Ayant peu de sympathie pour le nouveau régime, il en repart l'année suivante et joue ensuite un rôle actif dans les milieux dissidents serbes.

Articles connexes
 Maison Petrovitch-Njegos
 Obrénovitch
 Descendance de Nicolas  de Monténégro

Références

Liens externes

Généalogie et biographie de Michel  Petrovitch Njegosh, roi de Monténégro

Naissance en septembre 1908
Décès en mars 1986
Mihailo
Décès à 77 ans
Prétendant au trône du Monténégro


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