text:
ACTS & FACTS BACK TO GENESIS
BY JAKE HEBERT, PH.D. * |
Evolutionary scientists have recently claimed that pterosaurs had feathers.1 Pterosaurs were winged reptiles. Although they're sometimes called "flying dinosaurs," they are technically distinct from dinosaurs. The scientists claimed the "brush-like" appearance of fibers in pterosaur wings indicate these structures were protofeathers, a kind of primitive feather.
Evolutionists claim theropod dinosaurs evolved into birds, so it follows that they embrace feathered dinosaurs. However, there are enormous challenges in explaining how a dinosaur came to morph into a bird. Reptilian scales and bird feathers are not at all alike. Reptiles and birds have completely different kinds of breathing systems. And despite evolutionary claims to the contrary, dinosaurs were likely cold-blooded, opposite to warm-blooded birds.2 Dino-to-bird evolution must overcome these, as well as other, anatomical hurdles.
Nevertheless, evolutionary paleontologists claim to have fossil evidence that some dinosaurs had feathers. Many creationists would counter that in some cases feathers belonging to birds have been mistakenly attributed to dinosaurs. In other cases, they are the remnants of decaying collagen fibers in dinosaur skin.3
This view is supported by the fact that these so-called protofeathers are not like the bird feathers we are familiar with. Rather, they are simple or hair-like filaments or fibers called dino fuzz. Evolutionist paleo-ornithologist Alan Feduccia has strongly argued that these "feathers" are actually decaying skin fibers. Dino fuzz has been found on the remains of non-theropod dinosaurs, on ichthyosaurs, and on the carcasses of dolphins and sharks.3 Obviously, the presence of protofeathers on the remains of animals totally unrelated to birds shows that these features are not diagnostic. How could one explain feathers on marine creatures?
Paleobiologists Dr. David Unwin and David Martill recently weighed in on the issue of feathered pterosaurs.4 They noted that the branching structure in these wing fibers, seen as evidence of feathers, can occur when the skin fibers in pterosaur wings decompose and unravel. This view is supported by how rare these branching fibers are. Although "simple" fibers are common on the 30 or so preserved pterosaur remains, these branching fibers have only been observed in three pterosaur specimens. So, the branching structure appears to be an artifact of preservation rather than evidence of actual feathers.
Moreover, the very existence of preserved dinosaur and pterosaur skin fibers is itself a strong argument that these creatures did not live millions of years ago. The survival of preserved collagen (skin) fibers is just another example of preserved soft or original dinosaur tissue. Laboratory experiments show that these biomaterials cannot survive for even one million years, let alone hundreds of millions of years!
Unwin and Martill have unwittingly corroborated ICR's position that these fossil fibers represent decayed skin fragments. Pterosaur fibers look like dinosaur fibers, both of which look like decayed skin. And without feathered dinosaurs, the case for dino-to-bird evolution flies away.
Yang, Z. et al. 2018. Pterosaur integumentary structures with complex feather-like branching. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3: 24-30.
Clarey, T. 2015. Dinosaurs: Marvels of God's Design. Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 121-124.
Tay, J. 2019. Feathered pterosaurs: ruffling the feathers of dinosaur evolution. Journal of Creation. 33 (2): 93-98.
Unwin, D. M. and D. M. Martill. 2020. No protofeathers on pterosaurs. Nature Ecology and Evolution. doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-01308-9.
* Dr. Hebert is Research Associate at the Institute for Creation Research and earned his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Texas at Dallas.
Cite this article: Jake Hebert, Ph.D. 2021. Pterosaurs Didn't Have Feathers. Acts & Facts. 50 (1).


text:
Crom Carmichael on the Continued Persecution of Christians in Africa and the Democrats Push to Eliminate the Filibuster
Live from Music Row Friday morning on The Tennessee Star Report with Michael Patrick Leahy – broadcast on Nashville's Talk Radio 98.3 and 1510 WLAC weekdays from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. – host Leahy welcomed the original all-star panelist Crom Carmichael to the studio to question whether or the continued killing of Christian Africans was considered racist or a hate crime by the Biden administration and the lingering issues surrounding the Senate filibuster.
Leahy: Crom we were talking a little bit in the earlier segment about viewpoints of the world that are held by Biden administration members now that are just not reconcilable with views that most of us in America hold today.
Carmichael: That part is accurate. But more importantly, the way that they view it, it's unfixable. You can't address it. All you can do is complain about it and then see anyone who disagrees with you as an opposition that needs to be crushed.
Leahy: Well, if they want it to be unfixable because that means they can crush the opposition.
Carmichael: Yes. Correct.
Leahy: Thank you. (Laughter)
Carmichael: It's an echo in here.
Leahy: Do I get an Amen? Amen, brother. Amen. (Chuckles)
Carmichael: But here is something that's an interesting story. This is in The Wall Street Journal headline, Islamic State (this is ISIS) Seeks Revival in Christian Countries. Now, this is in Africa. So a question that should be asked of our new ambassador to Africa Linda Thomas-Greenfield is if a black Muslim kills a Black Christian, is that racist?
Leahy: Or a hate crime?
Carmichael: Or a hate crime? In fact, is it even wrong? That would be a question asked because so far the genocide that is now going on in Africa has been unaddressed by the Biden administration. And ISIS is resurrecting itself in countries in Africa that are dominated by Christians. In the Congo, it's 95 percent, Christian.
The Congo is almost exclusively Black, but it's also almost exclusively Christian. And the jihadists are going in killing men, women, and children just because of their religion. Now does the Biden administration think that's wrong? Does either of the Muslim members of Congress think that Black Muslims killing black Christians is wrong? We don't know. They don't say anything about it.
Leahy: Certainly the mainstream media has not reported much at all.
Carmichael: It doesn't even talk about it. So that's an interesting thing. So let's switch over, though, Michael, because as I was getting out of my car, you were talking about court-packing and you made a comment that I want to push back on just a little bit.
Leahy: What Crom? Pushing back on a comment from me?
Carmichael: You said that Mitch McConnell is not good at playing offense, but he's very good at playing defense.
Leahy: That's what I said.
Carmichael: Yes. And the difficulty is this, Mitch McConnell is a traditionalist and I'm not saying that's necessarily wrong. I'm just saying that that's a fact. So Mitch McConnell believes that to filibuster is a tool that the minority should be able to use in the Senate to thwart legislation that they don't agree with.
Leahy: It's been a rule of the Senate since 1806 and that major legislation can't come to the floor unless basically, 60 senators agree.
Carmichael: Right. So if Schumer, if there are 48 Democrats, I'm just picking a number that is less than 50, it can be 45. It doesn't matter if Schumer can keep his minority already grouped together, but have it be greater than the number of 40, then they can filibuster. And now they've changed the rules of the filibuster so that you don't actually have to filibuster.
You just have to say we don't agree with that, and we're going to filibuster and so, therefore, if you just say it, then the filibuster is in place. McConnell believes that that tradition is good for the Senate. I'm not saying otherwise. When Harry Reid broke that tradition for judges, Mitch McConnell said, if you do that, you'll rule the day that you did it, because when we get in charge, we will use that rule, which is a simple majority.
And Mitch McConnell, as a traditionalist, says, if you're changing the rule, I'll play by the new rule. But what Mitch McConnell has not done, and I'm not trying to find fault with this I'm just making a statement of fact, but like all majority leaders before him for over 200 years have honored the filibuster. And so things can't get through the Senate unless there are 60 senators. So he can't play offense because he abides by the Senate rules.
Schumer wants to break the Senate rules which would allow him to play offense and defense. But if he breaks the rule on the filibuster, here's what Schumer's great risk is. If they break the filibuster, which I think they have the ability to do with a 50/50 vote and Kamala Harris breaks the tie, Mitch McConnell has said, if you do that, we will not show up. You will not have a quorum.
Leahy: Has he said that?
Carmichael: Yes. He has said that.
Leahy: He must have listened to this program when you said that previously.
Carmichael: Well, I'm not going to try to take credit for that.
Leahy: I'll let you take it.
Carmichael: Thank you.
Leahy: I will give you credit for it.
Carmichael: I will humbly not take credit for it. (Leahy laughs) But anyway, he said I might have just actually been quoting him, to be honest with you.
Leahy: No, he was listening. (Laughter)
Carmichael: So anyway, he said he said, if you do that, you have to have a quorum. You will not have a quorum. Business in the Senate will grind to an absolute halt. Nothing will happen. If McConnell was to do that after the filibuster is broken and McConnell actually does that and nothing happens, now if Republicans were to retake the House, the Senate, and the presidency, McConnell would play by the new rules. And if they had a majority in the Senate, then things would happen. So the Democrats take a huge risk at 50/50. Now, if they had a 51/49 majority right now they could get away with anything that they wanted to because 51 would be a quorum.
Leahy: Let me give you my view, an insight into how they think. They want power. And they look at the world today. What they have today. And they try to accomplish everything they possibly can today. They're not looking long-term. They are looking for let's get it done now. That's a difference. And it's a very ruthless approach.
Carmichael: It is.
Leahy: A very destructive approach.
Carmichael: Yes, it's all those things. But if they do away with the filibuster, and then McConnell plays defense by eliminating the quorum, and nothing happens in the Senate, then the voters will probably react in the midterm.
Leahy: I think you're right about that.
The Tennessee Star Report: Crom Carmichael Talks Strategy and the Abomination of Section 230
Live from Music Row Monday morning on The Tennessee Star Report with Michael Patrick Leahy – broadcast on Nashville's Talk Radio 98.3 and 1510 WLAC weekdays from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. – host Leahy welcomed the original all-star panelist Crom Carmichael to the studio to weigh in on the abomination of Section 230 and the strategy to right it.
Leahy: In studio, the original all-star panelist, Crom Carmichael. Crom, you say it's time for the Republicans and Conservatives to get smart on tactics?
Carmichael: Yes. Why is it that big tech is able to do what they do and get away with it legally?
Leahy: They have protection from Congress.
Carmichael: And that is called Section 230. If Republicans regain the power of the House, the Senate, and the presidency, first of all, the filibuster is a very important Senate institution. And one thing that is often misrepresented is that when Republicans did control the House twice, they didn't have 60 votes in the Senate. And so the House passed an immense amount of legislation that never saw the last day in the Senate because the Democrats could use the filibuster, even when the Republicans had a majority. But you can't use the filibuster in reconciliation.
Leahy: Now just for our listing audience, explain what reconciliation means.
Carmichael: I'm going to take a stab at it. But I think it has to do with budget bills.
Leahy: It does.
Carmichael: And spending. Because this big COVID bill that just passed wasn't a budget, but it was spending. And it passed with a 50 to 49 majority, which Republicans could filibuster that. Here's what I would do if I were the Republicans, and I get control of all three because I think that Section 230 is an abomination.
The protection that it affords allows these platform companies to have a political agenda. I would increase taxes to 80 percent for all companies that are protected by Section 230. I could do that through reconciliation. And I might even impose a huge tax on the net worth of executives that have money because of Section 230 because they're getting all of the benefits because of that law.
Leahy: Yes. The significance of reconciliation in the Senate, it's the budget process where they're trying to finalize the budget. There are limitations only on the reconciliation process in the use of the filibuster. That's why it's important in the Senate.
Carmichael: Yes. And so the point that I'm trying to make is that if you put that in legislation, the executives who are protected by 230 would go nuts and the Republicans could go to them and say this is going to pass unless you go to your Democrat buddies and get them to do away with Section 230. So we'll break the filibuster, you'll help us break the filibuster, or we're going to tax your butts and ruin your value.
Leahy: Well, that's awful. (Chuckles)
Carmichael: And they'll do it, Michael is what I'm saying is they will give up Section 230. They'll give up Section 230. So what is the goal here? The goal here is not to tax them. The goal here is to get Democrats to agree to get rid of Section 230. So the way to get rid of Section 230 is to get the people who are protected by Section 230 to have more pain from the protection than they do by giving it up.
Leahy: Now, that's a good tactical strategy.
Carmichael: Yes.
Leahy: However, how do you get Mitch McConnell to adopt such a strategy?
Carmichael: If you want to get rid of Section 230, that's the strategy.
Leahy: I know.
Carmichael: If Mitch McConnell wants to get rid of Section 230, if he does, then Mitch, here's how to do it. You put so much pressure on the people who are protected by Section 230. You put so much pain as long as they keep that protection that they run the Congress and say we're willing to give up the protection.
Leahy: But Crom, here's my problem with this and Mitch McConnell.
Carmichael: Don't talk about Mitch McConnell.
Leahy: Somebody has to implement this strategy in the Senate.
Carmichael: Well, of course, you and I are just talking here. Well, I understand, but the Democrats do a great job putting pressure on people that they want to behave differently. Does big business support Democrats now?
Leahy: Totally.
Carmichael: Why?
Leahy: It's in their self-interest.
Carmichael: It's not just in their self-interest to send their self-interest because they don't want to be punished. They fear the Democrats. They fear them. So they do what the Democrats want them to do. That's just the way it is. I don't like it. But if those are the rules and if that's the playing field that I'm on, then I have a choice. I can either be highly principled and accomplish nothing. In fact, my side will always go backward.
Because the other side gets to use the fear of things like what we were talking about earlier. critical race theory. and all of these things to use power over others. Republicans, Unfortunately, it's the world we live in today. Unfortunately, Republicans need to learn how to put pressure on other people that they want to change their behavior.
Leahy: I cannot disagree with you at all. The question is, how do you do that?
Carmichael: I just told you how you do it. I just told you.
Leahy: You've got to get a Mitch McConnel to change the behavior.
Carmichael: I understand that. But first of all, if you don't understand if you don't even understand the tactic and the reason for the tactic. In other words, you don't know what you don't know. What you and I are talking about here is that if there is a tactic that would work, what would it be? Because you also want to maintain the filibuster.
Leahy: I'm with you. Terry in Knoxville.
Carmichael: We have Terry in Knoxville…
Leahy: Who wants to join us. Terry, you want to weigh in on our lively discussion here this morning? Terry, Welcome
Caller Terry: Morning.
Leahy: Good morning.
Terry: Morning. As usual, I agree wholeheartedly with Crom. (Laughter)
Leahy: Terry, you're such a smart guy.
Terry: I agree with everything he says. But, well, first of all, how can you tell who's smarter? You can tell who's smarter by who's winning. And who's winning? Well, it isn't us.
Carmichael: That's right.
Leahy: That's a good point.
Terry: But you have to get back to the point where he said you control the House, the Senate, and the presidency. Well, we need the tactics to do that first before you can get to the point he's talking about. And they had the opportunity to get rid of Section 230…
Carmichael: No, they didn't. That's the point. They couldn't get rid of it because Democrats would not go along with it. You have to get 60 votes to get rid of Section 230.
Leahy: Terry, thanks for your call.
Carmichael: And thank you for your wonderful comment and call in anytime, Terry.
Leahy: You have plenty of fans and Terry's one of them. We'll be back with Naomi Wolf. That will be fun.
All Star Panelist Clint Brewer Talks About the John Kerry No Mask Flight and Elizabeth Warren's Filibuster Foibles
Live from Music Row Thursday morning on The Tennessee Star Report with Michael Patrick Leahy – broadcast on Nashville's Talk Radio 98.3 and 1510 WLAC weekdays from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. – host Leahy welcomed all-star panelist Clint Brewer to the studio to weigh in on John Kerry's no mask flight and Senator Elizabeth Warren's irresponsible and historically inaccurate rhetoric to remove the filibuster.
Leahy: We are talking with all-star panelist and recovering journalists Clint Brewer about our big story at The Tennessee Star with a picture of John Kerry on a commercial flight yesterday not wearing a mask. That story has gone all over the place. It was a lead story at Fox News.com all yesterday. It was on Brett Beers and Fox News, followed by Tucker Carlson, followed by Sean Hannity, followed by Shannon Bream. All these stories last night. Breitbart has covered it. The Dail Mail has covered. The Daily Caller has covered it. TheBlaze has covered it.
Brewer: They're crediting you guys appropriately?
Leahy: All of them. Crediting The Tennessee Star.
Brewer: Good.
Leahy: A couple of questions from Breitbart that boil my friends on the editor at Breitbart. John Kerry said to Tweet about the photographic evidence about this clear violation of the Federal Order and American Airlines policy that it was 'momentary.' He was not eating or drinking. He does not claim that he was.
If that is okay for John Kerry to do, can anyone else have "momentary slip of the mask?" This was a question to American Airlines. Second, what is an acceptable amount of time for someone to have their mask slip off their nose and mouth for a momentary period? Has John Kerry been disciplined in any way for violation of this health order? Will American Airlines allow John Kerry to continue to fly or ban him from future flights for this violation?
Brewer: Does President Biden have a press briefing today? I kind of think he does.
Leahy: He has like a March 25 press conference. Somebody will ask him about that.
Brewer: As an avowed, dedicated mask-wearing American (Leahy laughs) during this pandemic and as a Republican I wish Czar Kerry would set a better example for the American
Leahy: A pretty bad example. Let me tell you what the consequences of this is. I suppose at the Tennessee Star we will be responsible for more global warming because clearly what John Kerry is going to do now is he's going to go to the President and say, Mr. President obviously, I cannot fly commercial flights anymore because they're going to take pictures of me not wearing my mask. I need to use my private plane now.
Brewer: Mike, you're in talk radio, all the hot air alone is hurting the climate. (Leahy laughs)
Leahy: That's good. Speaking of hot air in Washington, DC, Senator Elizabeth Warren is generating a lot of hot air with her desire to get rid of the filibuster. You just saw this the story come out. Tell us about it, Clint.
Brewer: There's a story on Axios about her saying that the filibuster is racist because it is used based on what I read, she seems to believe it's used primarily by Southern politicians to hold back advances and civil rights legislation. Now, I hate to sound like a musty old historian here, but let's get our facts straight. The filibuster is not something created in the Constitution, but it has existed as a rule of the Senate since 1806.
Leahy: That was before civil rights legislation, I would think, right?
Brewer: Yes.
Leahy: It's 150 years before.
Brewer: And it was not used until 18 37 but it has been used ever since then. And I'm pretty sure that Democrats have had the majority in the U.S Senate several times since 1837. now, Yes, it is correct that the longest and most famous filibuster was sent by the late Senator Strom Thurmond fighting the federal Civil Rights Act. That is accurate.
But to put it in a modern-day context and say that it only exists for Southern politicians to hold back civil rights, first of all, it's irresponsible rhetoric. Second of all, it paints a large group of very dedicated public servants from one part of the country with a broad brush that is unfair and inaccurate. And it's just more of the same from Elizabeth Warren. It just feels like her usual level of attention-seeking and grandstanding.
She couldn't get nominated president, and she's not in the cabinet, and it's just gross and it's irresponsible. And it's the kind of partisan hackery we don't need in this country right now. We've got bigger problems to deal with. But this is like the whole talk about packing the court. And this flies all over me as a taxpayer and as a voter with both parties. Just because you're either out of power or in power, you don't change the institutional rules of something like the U.S. Senate just to suit your immediate purposes.
Go win some elections. Quit trying to move the goalposts to suit your agenda. Work within the system that has brought this country along successfully for 200 plus years. You don't just flip the paradigm in an institution like the Senate because right now it suits your purposes. That's very short-sided. It's not good for the Republic, and it's not good for the American people.
Leahy: Isn't that what the Democratic Party is about right now, though? Will for power? Having power and exercising it with no regard for the institutions of the American country?
Brewer: What you've got in the senators is a very thinly, divided Senate with a couple of very moderate Democratic senators who are siding as much with Republicans as they are with Democrats. That's uncomfortable for progressives like Elizabeth Warren. Now in the House, it's less struggle because they got more of a majority.
Progressives like Warren in the Senate are feeling the heat because they can't move the ball for their particular agenda. And so what's the answer? Well, we'll just change the rules that have existed since 1806. It's cheap, I guess, is the best way to say it. It's a cheap attempt at moving the goalposts. And other than that, it's also just inaccurate.
Leahy: Yes. But you're talking Senator Elizabeth Warren, who's been known for being inaccurate about her own personal heritage and other things. I look at Democrats, and I think they are generally a bunch of insane liars who hate the country. But that's just my view.
Brewer: Look, I know plenty of good people who are Democrats. I just don't think Elizabeth Warrens one of them.
Leahy: I'm with you on that.
Listen to the full third hour here:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


OBJECTIVE: Previous studies examining correlates of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) have identified personality factors that are correlated with LTPA and practical factors that impede LTPA. The purpose of the present study was to test how several narrow traits predict daily reports of LTPA and to test whether traits that predict LTPA moderate the effects of practical barriers. METHODS: 1192 participants completed baseline measures of personality, then reported their LTPA and several situational and environmental factors daily for 25 days. We used generalized estimating equations to measure how personality traits, practical barriers, and interactions between these factors affected (1) the odds of engaging in LTPA and (2) the duration of daily LTPA. RESULTS: Higher standing on Activity and Discipline and lower standing on Assertiveness predicted greater odds of engaging in LTPA and longer duration of LTPA, and higher standing on Aesthetics predicted shorter duration of LTPA. Poor weather conditions and less leisure time were associated with less LTPA, and effects of these barriers were generally greater among participants 30 and older. In participants older than 30, poor weather was associated with less LTPA among those with lower standing on Activity but was not associated with LTPA among those high in Activity. Despite Discipline's overall positive association with LTPA, less leisure time and less routineness were greater barriers for those high in Discipline. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing narrow personality traits could help target LTPA interventions to individual patients' needs and could help identify important new personality dynamics that affect LTPA.


What is a My Commitments?
My commitments is a board-type where you can see your commitments which you are currently working at. In this example picture, you are working in an organisation called "Organisation 3" and you have committed to do something in 4 different projects. You have three activities planned where two of them you have already completed and one is left to do. You also have a Delivery to make for Project Dolores in week 11.
Rows can behave in two different ways. Two rows are rendered as permanent rows and are a darker gray color and two rows are a lighter gray, this is temporary rows.
A permanent row in My Commitments is added when you have assigned yourself to at least one permanent row in a plan board. Permanent rows do not disappear when they are empty and is therefore suitable for long going project you are working on. A permanent row can be changed later by navigating to the project plan board and archiving it. This will make it to a temporary row.
For each plan that you have at least one task assigned to yourself, but not permanent row exists, a temporary row is created. Temporary rows are removed from the view when they become empty. This is so you always can see what you have committed to do and to what project. Temporary rows is great when you only have a few tasks in a project for the time being but you don't want it to stay as a row later when you have nothing planned in the project.
Tasks not associated with a plan show up in the top-most "inbox" row just like before.
How can I add or remove a permanent row?
Rows are set to permanent or temporary from the plan board for the specific project. You can navigate to a project from My Commitments, just click on the row name and Yolean will take you to that project.
Be on the project plan board for which project you want to add or remove a permanent row.
Click on "Make permanent" on your row to add it as a permanent row.
You can make a permanent row a temporary row by archive it. Right click on your row and choose archive, not to worry, plan boards also display temporary rows. We will always display your notes.
Where can I find my commitments?
My commitments have moved into your organisation and can be found as a the first board listed.
My commitments is always first in the board list.


text:
BlogTed Cruz Vows to Damage Texas Courts in Response to Obama's Immigration Action
Ted Cruz Vows to Damage Texas Courts in Response to Obama's Immigration Action
Paul Gordon | November 20, 2014
In response to President Obama's upcoming action on immigration, Texas Sen. Ted Cruz has vowed to retaliate by sabotaging the federal court system in his own state.
No, that's not how he phrased it, but that would be the impact of his vow. Yesterday in Politico, Cruz wrote how he thinks the Senate should respond to the president's policy decisions on immigration enforcement:
If the president announces executive amnesty, the new Senate majority leader who takes over in January should announce that the 114th Congress will not confirm a single nominee—executive or judicial—outside of vital national security positions, so long as the illegal amnesty persists.
While such a refusal to perform one of the basic functions of the Senate would harm the entire nation, the damage in Texas would be particularly severe. No state has more judicial vacancies than the Lone Star State. No state even comes close.
As of today, Texas is suffering from eleven current federal court vacancies, with another four known to be opening in the next few months. The White House has worked closely with Sens. Cruz and Cornyn to identify potential nominees, but progress has been slow: Only six of the vacancies even have nominees; three of these have not yet had their committee hearings.
But the other three – for the Eastern and Western Districts – advanced through the Judiciary Committee this morning and are now ready for a confirmation vote by the full Senate. All three would fill vacancies formally designated as judicial emergencies by the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts. Confirming them would be a good start at addressing the vacancy crisis in Texas.
And that's what is it: a crisis. As we wrote earlier this month in a Huffington Post piece entitled Lame Duck Opportunity and Obligation: Confirm Judges:
The situation is even more dire in Texas, where the Senate has a chance to fill three vacancies in the Eastern and Western Districts. The Western District judgeship has been vacant since 2008, and the Judicial Conference has asked for five new judgeships there to carry the load on top of filling all the existing vacancies. Chief Judge Fred Biery discussed the need for new judges last year, saying, "It would be nice to get some help. We are pedaling as fast as we can on an increasingly rickety bicycle." Judge David Ezra, formerly of Hawaii, explained why he was moving to Texas to hear cases in the Western District: "This is corollary to having a big wild fire in the Southwest Border states, and fire fighters from Hawaii going there to help put out the fire."
The Eastern District of Texas is in similar need of getting its vacancies filled during the lame duck: Of the nation's 94 federal districts, only two have had more weighted filings per judgeship than the Eastern District, according to the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts' most recent statistics. Small wonder, then, that the Judicial Conference has asked for two new judgeships there: Even if every judgeship were filled, that just isn't enough. To make matters worse, two more judges in the Eastern District have announced their intention to retire or take senior status next year, making it all the more important to fill the current vacancies now.
Even if the three nominees are confirmed during the lame duck, as they should be, more vacancies in both of those districts will open up early next year. Texas would still have eight vacancies, a number that would rise to twelve in the next few months.
To express his fury at President Obama and rally his right-wing base, Cruz would work to make sure that all these vacancies remain unfilled, which would hurt a lot of innocent Texans.
David Ezra Fred Biery Immigration immigration reform judicial nominations Lower Federal Courts Obstruction Obstructionism Ted Cruz
Blog Post | December 22, 2022
Huge Strides For Our Courts, With More to Come
Blog Post | September 22, 2022
The Cruelty of Exploiting Vulnerable People for Political Advantage
Report | September 14, 2022
Biden Judges: A Glimmer of Hope on the Lower Courts
Trump Justices Cast Deciding Votes in "Shadow Docket" Order Forcing Continuation of Harmful Trump Immigration Policy


text:
Registration doesn't require a real email.
The Vespiary »
The Hive »
Novel Discourse »
4-Methylaminorex Synth w/o CNBr
Author Topic: 4-Methylaminorex Synth w/o CNBr (Read 20039 times)
PoohBear4Ever
Re: 4-Methylaminorex Synth w/o CNBr
Yep, Mr.Smith, I got the same synthesis, but it appears only 4-6g yield from 500ml of urine.
Wonder if the Professors used to skip this experiment...
goiterjoe
If I'm not mistaken, all PPA containing products got pulled off of US shelves about a year ago due to FDA claims of "overdoses" - like 14 over a 30 year span. and considering it was in slim fast, I imagine it got abused pretty heavily. your best bet would probably be to extract it out of the ephedra pills containing multiple alkaloids.
Sed quis custodiet ipsos custodes?
IudexK2
I am not in the US, and besides, there are always international pharmacies!
Mr_Smith
"Yep, Mr.Smith, I got the same synthesis, but it appears only 4-6g yield from 500ml of urine."
Stockpile..... stockpile.....
"Daddy, what's it going to be like in the year 2000?"
uemura
To the Chief Bee. You wanted to know: Uemura: Is that from the 1850's?
Ahh, it's more 1950, some kind of post WW-II chemistry
psychokitty
Rhodium:
I don't understand why everyone is afraid of cyanogen bromide. Especially when it can be made in situ from bromine, methanol, and sodium cyanide. All of these items are OTC except the bromine which can be made EASILY by reacting sodium bromide and OXONE in water. The bromine forms immediately without the need for external heat. Since it distills at about 65 deg C or so, it can be distilled at atmospheric pressure directly into the receiving flask (immersed in ice) containing the correct amount of methanol. As for the exit to the vacuum adapter one could lead a tube--with one of those fish aquarium anti-suck-back valves inbetween--directly into a flask containing aqueous sodium carbonate (bicarbonate causes too much foaming) to aborb any gaseous bromine that might escape. And voila! A methanol solution of bromine.
Next, one would dissolve the correct amount of sodium cyanide in methanol and add it via addition funnel dropwise to the ice-cold methanol-bromine solution contained in a flask (attached to a reflux condenser and sitting in an ice bath). Proceed from then on out as per usual.
SWIM once tried this under crude conditions in a open beaker with a blowing fan as a ventillation source. As the sodium cyanide hit the methanol-bromine solution, the bromine color faded and then eventually, it disappeared. Occassionally, there was a faint mist that would form above the methanol solution, but only for a minute.
As for the precursor amino alcohols, they are easily formed from the intermediate nitro alcohols.
According to one paper that I have, Nitro alcohols are formed by condensation of a benzaldehyde and a nitro alkane in aqueous alcoholic sodium hydroxide solution. The nitro alcohols are then reduced in a facile reaction using Zn and aqueous sulfuric acid. Yields are good for one experiment which details the synthesis of phenylpropanolamine. Don't remember the yields but I believe it is somewhere around 80%. Furthermore, I have a reference (CA) wherein MD-phenylpropanolamine is synthesized via the same route as above in over 75% yield.
The cool thing about all this is that phenylethanolamine could EASILY be synthesized using benzaldehyde and nitromethane and Zn and aqueous H2SO4 as the reducing mixture. This is the precursor to aminorex itself, and using it in the cyanogen bromide reaction, according to Poos US patent, would provide a high yield of aminorex.
If piperonal (formed by dichromate oxidation of isosafrole in about 55-65% yield) were used in place of benzaldehyde in the above reaction, one would get as the final product the amino alcohol which could then be reacted with cyanogen bromide to form the MD analogue to aminorex.
--PK
Psychokitty: Give me all those refs you are talking about - seems highly interesting!
The only one I have handy right now is the synthesis of piperonal:
Synthesis of heliotropin from isosafrole by the dichromate method. Koh Kimhok and Roh Siante. Formosan Sci. 5, 36-8 (1951)(in English).--Isosafrole (50g) with a mixt. of 80 g of K2CrO7, 130 g H2SO4, 4 drops of HNO3, and 800 ml of H2O at 50 deg C yields 66.9% heliotropin (piperonal).
I have other CA reference and one US patent that basically mirror the above reaction. I'll post those along with all the other references you requested.
BTW, you've got mail.
Or this way.
High Selectivity in the Oxidation of Mandelic Acid Derivatives and in O-Methylation of Protocatechualdehyde: New Processes for Synthesis of Vanillin, iso-Vanillin, and Heliotropin. Bjorsvik, Hans-Rene; Liguori, Lucia; Minisci, Francesco.
Org. Process Res. Dev. (2000), 4(6), 534-543.
CODEN: OPRDFK ISSN: 1083-6160.
New synthetic procedures for vanillin, iso-vanillin, heliotropin, and protocatechualdehyde starting from catechol are described. The utilization of statistical exptl. design and multivariate modeling and the mechanistic interpretation of the acid and base catalysis in the condensation of catechol derivs. with glyoxylic acid and in the regiocontrolled methylation of protocatechualdehyde and of the Cu(II) salt catalysis in the oxidative decarboxylation of mandelic acid derivs. have allowed the development of new highly selective processes.
Methylenation of pyrocatechols.
Bonthrone, W.; Cornforth, John W.
J. Chem. Soc. C (1969), (9), 1202-4.
High yields in the methylenation of pyrocatechols by CH2Cl2 are obtained by using a polar aprotic solvent for reaction and maintaining low concns. of the pyrocatechol dianion.
Do Your Part To Win The War
Bauer , et al. February 26, 1980
Process for the preparation of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid
The course of the reaction according to the invention is surprising, since it is known, from Gazz. Chim. Ital. 96 (4), 465 (1966), that the reaction of glyoxylic acid alkyl esters with alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds in a strongly acid medium indeed leads to mandelic acid derivatives, but with alkoxy-substituted aromatic compounds, such as veratrole, gives only diphenylacetic acid derivatives.
3,4-Methylenedioxymandelic acid is, inter alia, an important starting material for the preparation of the valuable aroma substance piperonal. Piperonal is prepared from 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid by oxidative decarboxylation (see Current Sci. (India) 27, 22 (1958)).
46 g (0.5 mol) of glyoxylic acid monohdrate, 61 g (0.5 mol) of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene and 200 g (1.74 mols) of 85% strength phosphoric acid are brought together at 25.degree. C. and the mixture is stirred for 5 hours. The temperature thereby rises to 38.degree. C. In order to preserve the stirrability of the reaction mixture, 40 ml of water are added. After 5 hours, a further 160 ml of water are added, the mixture is further stirred for 10 minutes and the crystals obtained are filtered off. The crystals are dissolved in 650 ml of water and 100 ml of toluene at 85.degree. C. and the phases are separated. After washing the toluene phase several times with 20% strength sodium hydroxide solution and distilling off the solvent, 7.1 g of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene are recovered. After cooling the aqueous phase to room temperature, 57.6 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid crystallise out, and after concentrating the mother liquor a further 8.3 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid crystallise out. The yield of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid is 76.1% of theory, relative to 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene reacted. It can be increased further by working up the strongly acid filtrate of the reaction mixture. However, since the working up is very expensive, it is more advantageous to concentrate the acid filtrate and re-use it.
200 g of 90% strength sulphuric acid are added dropwise to a mixture of 148 g (1 mol) of 50% strength aqueous glyoxylic acid and 122 g (1 mol) of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene at 5.degree. C. in the course of 40 minutes, whilst stirring. After stirring the mixture for a further 6 hours, 500 g of ice-water are added and the mixture is stirred for a further 10 minutes. The crystals which have precipitated are filtered off and worked up as in Example 1. 6.1 g of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene are recovered from the toluene phase. 167.3 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid, corresponding to a yield of 85.3% of theory, relative to 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene reacted, are obtained from the aqueous phase.
A mixture of 92 g (1 mol) of glyoxylic acid monohydrate and 122 g (1 mol) of methylenedioxybenzene is stirred at 80.degree. C. for 4 hours, 700 ml of water and 150 ml of toluene are then added and the phases are separated. After cooling the aqueous phase to room temperature, 44.7 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid crystallise out, and after concentrating the aqueous phase a further 17.3 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid crystallise out. After extracting the toluene phase by shaking with 100 ml of 20% strength sodium hydroxide solution and distilling off the toluene, 10.5 g of unreacted 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene are obtained. The yield of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid is 34.6% of theory, relative to 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene reacted.
39 g (0.424 mol) of glyoxylic acid monohydrate are dissolved in 126 g of trifluoroacetic acid, and 51.7 g (0.424 mol) of 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene are added at 20.degree. C. The initially homogeneous mixture is stirred at 20.degree. C. for 3.5 hours. The crystals which have precipitated are then filtered off and worked up as described in Example 1. 10 g of bis-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acetic acid are obtained from the toluene phase. 62.2 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid are obtained from the aqueous phase. This corresponds to a yield of 75% of theory, relative to 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene employed. The yield can be increased by working up the strongly acid filtrate of the reaction mixture. However, it is more advantageous to concentrate the acid filtrate and re-use it.
If, instead of glyoxylic acid monohydrate, an equivalent amount of 50% strength aqueous glyoxylic acid is employed and the mixture is stirred for 6 hours instead of 3.5 hours, 8.58 g of bis-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid are obtained from the toluene phase and 73.4 g of 3,4-methylenedioxymandelic acid, corresponding to a yield of 76.3% of theory, relative to 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene employed, are obtained from the aqueous phase.
Umemura , et al. August 21, 1979
Process for preparing protocatechualdehyde and its derivatives
A process for preparing protocatechualdehyde or a 3-alkoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde which comprises subjecting catechol or a 2-alkoxyphenol to reaction with glyoxylic acid in a basic aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst containing one or more compounds selected from aluminium oxide, silicon oxide and hydrated aluminium oxide in an amount of not less than 0.01 g per 1 g of the starting catechol or 2-alkoxyphenol at a temperature of 0.degree. to 50.degree. C., and then oxidizing the thus obtained reaction mixture in a basic medium.
To 45 ml of a 2 N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide were added 5.50 g of catechol, 14.25 g of a 20 wt % aqueous solution of glyoxylic acid and 2.50 g of aluminium oxide [manufactured by Kishida Chem. Co., Ltd., trade name: Kassei Alumina], and the mixture was subjected to reaction with stirring at 25.degree. C. for 24 hours.
The aluminium oxide was separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and thus a reaction liquid was obtained. The aluminium oxide separated by filtration was washed with 20 ml of a 1 N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the washing was added to the reaction liquid. The reaction liquid was adjusted to pH 6 by the addition of a 12 N hydrochloric acid and then the unaltered catechol was extracted three times with 50 ml portions of diethyl ether. From the extract was recovered 1.61 g of catechol.
After nitrogen gas was blown into the aqueous layer obtained after extraction to remove the dissolved oxygen, 33 g of sodium carbonate was added thereto to adjust the pH value to 10.5. Further, 20 g of a powdery copper (II) oxide was added thereto, and the mixture was placed into an autoclave and subjected to reaction at 98.degree. C. for 50 minutes with stirring while the pressure was allowed to rise. The pH value of the reaction liquid after reaction was 10.0.
After cooling the reaction mixture, the copper oxide was separated by filtration. To the thus obtained reaction liquid was added a 12 N hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 2. Organic substances in the solution were extracted six times with 150 ml portions of diethyl ether.
Protocatechualdehyde in the extract was determined by gas chromatography.
The conversion of catechol was 70.7%, the yield of protocatechualdehyde was 4.51 g and the selectivity (based on the catechol consumed in the first step; this meaning is applied similarly to the following examples) was 92.4%.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
An experiment was run in the same manner as in Example 1 except that aluminium oxide was not used.
After the first step, 2.07 g of catechol was recovered. The conversion of catechol was 62.4%, the yield of protocatechualdehyde was 3.06 g and the selectivity was 71.1%.
Maggioni January 15, 1980
Process for preparing aromatic methylene-dioxy compounds
EXAMPLE 1: METHYLENEDIOXYBENZENE:
Methylene chloride (100 ml., 1.56 moles), tetrabutylammonium bromide (6.42 g., 0.02 moles) and water (200 ml.) are placed in an autoclave. To this mixture is added a total of 15 g. pyrocatechin (0.1362 moles) and sodium hydroxide (15.9 g., 0.3975 moles) in flake form in successive stages.
The reaction temperature is maintained at 70.degree. C. and the pressure within the autoclave rises to a maximum of 2.4 atmospheres. The reaction is completed within three hours.
After the reaction is completed, the organic phase is separated and excess methylene chloride is distilled off and recycled. Pure methylenedioxybenzene (13.8 g.; 83% yield) is obtained by distillation.
Tetrabutylammonium bromide remains as a distillation residue and this material can be recovered and reused as a catalyst to produce additional product.
By substituting pyrocatechoic acid (ie., 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) for the pyrocatechin of Example 1, and otherwise following the procedure described therein, the product 1-carboxy-methylenedioxybenzene is obtained.
By following the procedure described in Example 1, but substituting hexadecyltributyl phosphonium bromide for tetrabutylammonium bromide in an otherwise analogous process, 11.65 g. of methylenedioxybenzene (70% yield) is obtained.
EXAMPLE 3: 1-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYBENZENE:
Methylene chloride (1.56 g., 100 ml.) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (6.42 g., 0.02 moles) are placed in an autoclave, and to this mixture is added a total of 24.8 g. of 4-methylpyrocatechin (0.2 moles) and caustic soda (24 g., 0.6 moles) in flake form, with agitation, at 80.degree. C. The reaction is completed within five hours.
After the reaction is completed, the product is recovered by following the procedure described in Example 1, that is, the organic phase is separated, excess methylene chloride is distilled off and recycled and 1-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene (19.4 g.; 71.3% yield) is obtained by distillation.
EXAMPLE 4: PIPERONAL:
Methylene chloride (100 ml., 1.56 moles), tetrabutylammonium bromide (6.42 g., 0.02 moles) and water (200 ml.) are placed in an autoclave. A total of 27.6 g. of protocatechic aldehyde (0.2 moles) and caustic soda (24 g., 0.6 moles) in water (20 ml.) are then added to the autoclave in stages at a temperature of 70.degree. C.
The pressure within the autoclave increases to a maximum of 2.4 atmospheres and the reaction is completed within four hours.
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool to ambient temperatures and the organic phase is separated. Excess methylene chloride is recovered from the organic phase by distillation and high purity piperonal (21 g., 70% yield) is isolated. The product is identified by gas chromatography and infra-red spectrum analysis by comparing against a pure sample.
Upon substituting tetramethylarsonium chloride, for the tetrabutylammonium bromide of Example 4, and otherwise following the procedure described therein, an identical piperonal product is obtained.
There I think I added a few weapons to the Hive war chest!!!
Here are some more.
United States Patent 3838051 OLD methylation reference
United States Patent 3726924 Methyeneation and prep of strong base(trisdimethlyaminomethane)
United States Patent 3436403 Methyleneation Reactions
United States Patent 2496803 Production of Veteraldehyde from Vanillin
Find these here
http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/srchnum.htm
You need a TIFF viewer installed in your browser to look at them.
Here are the references you requested.
Synthesis of nitroalcohols
Can. J. Chem. Vol. 39 (1961) pp.1143-1147
Can. J. Chem. Vol. 41 (1963) pp.543-545
In. Eng. Chem., 32, 34 (1940)
Kamlet, US Patent 2,151, 517
Ann., 470, 157 (1929)
Synthesis of 3,4-methylenedioxynorephedrine
CA Vol. 45 9507d
And last but not least, the formation of the amino alcohols and the reduction strategy using Zn and H2SO4 is in the following reference . . .
Shit. The article does give information as to where it came from . . . just the page numbers (506-509).
Gee. I guess I'll just have to type up the relevant information myself.
First of all, there are three ways to go about forming the intermediate nitro alcohol; however, Kamlet's stands out as the best and easiest:
(c) Method of Kamlet (3). Benzaldehyde (106 g., 1 mole) was vigorously agitated with sodium bisulfite (110 g., 1.06 mole) in 500 ml of water until the formation of the addition compound was complete. Simultaneously, nitroethane (or nitromethane) (82.5 g., 1.10 mole) was dissolved in a solution made from sodium hydroxide (45 g., 1.125 moles) dissolved in 200 ml of water. This solution was gradually added, with agitation and at room temperature, to the addition product of benzaldehyde and sodium bisulfite. After stirring for a half hour, the mixture was allowed to stand overnight. The lower layer was discarded and the upper layer was dissolved in ether and washed with sodium bisulfite solution. The ethereal solution was dried over Drierite, and after removal of ether, distilled (bp 120-130 @ 2-4 mm). The usual conversion is 90-100g. (50-55%) and the yield, based on benzaldehyde which reacts is nearly quantitative.
Preparation of 2-amino-phenyl-1-propanol. (a) With zinc and sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid (375 g of 30% acid) was added with stiring to a mixture of 2-nitro-1-phenyl-1-propanol (54.3 g., 0.3 mole), zinc dust (90 g., 1.37 mole of 80 mesh zinc), and 100 ml of 95% ethanol. The acid was added at such a rate that the temperature remained at 45 deg C or below. Usually 10 to 12 hours were required. Agitation was continued for 1-2 hours after completing the addition of acid, then after extracting the acidic solution with ether to remove non-basic materials, a large excess of sodium hydroxide (as a 50% solution) was added. The product which was freed was extracted with ether. Three extractions, with a total of 500 ml of ether, sufficed. The ether solution was dried, ether was removed, and the product was distilled (b.p. 122 deg C at 4 to 5 mm); 29-32 g resulted (yield 65-70%). The viscous liquid solidified on standing, and m. 46-50 deg C.
According to the article, "The unmethylated amino alcohol was obtained by reduction of the nitro alcohol either with zinc and sulfuric acid, tin and hydrochloric acid, sodium amalgam and acetic acid . . . Presumably many of the ordinary metal-acid reducing agents can be used provided the temperature is kept sufficiently low to prevent dehydration."
The above quote implies to me that aluminum amalgam might serve handsomely in the above reaction.
Oh, yes--the CA ref is as follows:
"The iso form of 3,4-methylendioxynorephedrine was obtained by the reduction of a condensate of piperonal, EtNO2, and KHCO3 (yield 45%) with Zn dust and 33% H2SO4 in 75% yield."
Since it seems that not a fucking one of you bees has Poos' original patent, here are the details to the in situ formation of cyanogen bromide:
From Example II, Line 10:
"A solution of cyanogen bromide is prepared from 1.58 g (0.036 mole of sodium cyanide and 5.7 g (0.036 mole) of bromine in methanol . . ." Then it's used as is.
Two more syntheses of piperonal are detailed in the following references:
CA 9061 between 8 and 9 (1938)
CA Vol. 51 16572d
That's all for now.
BTW, Rhodium, are you NOT getting any of my PMs to you? I have yet to hear one fucking peep from you at all. And I believe the references that I sent you are indeed valuable. It would be nice to at least know that you've gotten them safely and securely.
slappy
P/K: Don't worry, I haven't heard a peep from him either. I don't think anybody is.
You guys won't believe the amount of PMs some of the moderators receive every day.
I got 10 PM's in the last 12 hours, and I have 50-60 unanswered ones in my in-box. I got your message PK, I have just not had the time to answer it yet. The references looked good, and than you immensely for this addition you just posted. Now we can all make substituted phenylpropanolamines to use with this reaction.
Thanks for taking a load off my shoulders. For awhile there, I was thinking I was the victim of some conspiracy.
Something I realized when I was away from the computer:
The first two Canadian Journal references are GOLD!!! I hadn't really looked at them in over two years and didn't really know just how valuable they are. Well, was I wrong not to include the relevant experimental details in this thread.
In both papers are given the details to synthesizing a number of substituted nitroalcohols, the 3,4-MD derivative included, in very good yield using a RIDICULOUSLY simple synthesis. I'll post all the detailed information at a later date, but for now, here is what I remember:
A quantity of a benzaldehyde is dissolved in 95% EtOH along with an excess of nitromethane (or nitroethane). To this mixture is added a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide which may be at reduced temperature, but I don't think so. The mixture is stirred (for most benzaldehydes) about sixty seconds--that's right, ABOUT SIXTY SECONDS--and then the mixture is quenched with 5% acetic acid and left to stand. The formed nitro alcohol is isolated and then recrystallized if necessary.
I'll be back soon with the reference.
Doooooooooooooooode!!!! This is so fucking easy!!!
Taken from Canadian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 39, 1961 pp1143-47:
"General Procedure
(i) Nitroalcohols.--Aqueous sodium hydroxide (10%; 1.05 mole)was added with vigorous stirring to a mixture of the aldehyde (1.0 mole) and nitromethane (2-3 mole) dissolved in 95% ethanol at ca. 5 deg C.; the reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for a short time (under 3 minutes), accurately timed on a stop watch. Aqueous acetic acid (2%) was added to arrest the reaction and decompose the sodium derivative of the nitroalcohol; the crude product precipitated out as a yellow or colorless solid or oil. After being allowed to stand at 4 deg C for 4-5 hours, the crude product was filtered and purified by repeated crystallization from a suitable solvent.
They used many substituted benzaldehydes in this reaction but no 3,4-dimethoxy or methoxy derivatives. However, 3,4-methylenedioxy-a-nitromethylbenzylalcohol is listed as one of their examples:
1.) 10 g. of piperonal (piperonaldehyde)
2.) 11 ml of nitromethane
3.) 135 ml of 95% ethanol
4.) 20 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide
5.) 160 ml of 2% acetic acid
6.) Reaction time was 60 seconds
7.) Yield of purified product was 9.3 grams
8.) Product was obtained as fine colorless needles from benzene
9.) mp was 98 deg C
10.) Literature mp was 91, 95-96, 91, and 94 all taken from different sources.
Note: All benzaldehydes that had a phenolic group on the benzene ring failed to react to form the expected nitroalcohols.
Also, using mineral acids in place of acetic acid to free up the sodium derivatives of the nitroalcohols led to some dehydration of the alcohol group to form the nitroalkenes. With a few modifications, this could end up as a good way to substituted nitroalkenes.
This good way to nitroalkenes has already been published on my page:
https://www.thevespiary.org/rhodium/Rhodium/chemistry/mdp2np.html


On the 100th anniversary of the first water line being laid in Rhododendron, the Rhododendron Water Association has an accomplishment to celebrate.
In November, the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) recognized the service district for outstanding performance.
The Rhododendron Water Association manages 363 connections, including 10 commercial customers, from John Lake Road to the Forest Service boundary on Mount Hood.
This recognition came after the OHA's last survey of the mountain system.
"This has been a goal the board has been trying to achieve every time we've had a sanitary survey," said Steve Graeper, water association board president.
In 2012 and 2014, the association also received recognition for having the best-tasting surface water by the Oregon Association of Water Utilities.
"That says a lot about our system as well," Graeper added.
Graeper noted that in 2015, the OHA increased the cost of the required, routine survey by 300 percent, from $900 to $2,700, so he had a "financial incentive" to accomplish this longtime goal.
Those systems which are designated as an "outstanding performer" are required to be survey less frequently.
"Ninety-nine percent of why we hit outstanding performance is because of the excellence in performance of David Jacob (the system water master)," Graeper said. "For systems our size, this is (a feat). Of the 3,395 districts listed, only 283 have received this designation."
What also sets Rhododendron's system apart is that it is a surface water system, drawing water from Henry Creek, whereas most systems being recognized are easier-to-maintain groundwater systems.
"I'm proud of being the leader of this board — to help guide and facilitate the decisions, which allowed us to get this far," Graeper noted. "The decisions the Rhododendron Water Association have made over the past 10 years have helped move the association forward."


An opportunity has arisen to join a top 10 firm as an Audit Director/Partner Designate in their fabulous Insurance team. This time is highly regarded as one of the best in the business. You will be responsible for leading the team in their continuous efforts to grow their team and win new business.
In the past few years, this firm has continuously competed with the BIG 4 for business and are very much ahead of their competitors in the Insurance market. You will be responsible for managing a client portfolio consisting of International Insurers, Lloyds Brokers and Loss Adjusters.
A substantial part of your role will consist of business development work, with a reasonable target to help you fast track your progression to Partner. Progression within this firm is at the forefront of the business, here at Pro-Finance we have recently placed an Audit Director who has now progressed to Partner. I recently had a coffee with this candidate, to discuss how his first 12 months have been and this is what he had to say "Having previously been within a Big 4 firm, naturally opportunities to progress were limited and coming here was exactly what I wanted. 12 months later I'm now a Partner."
If you wish to have a confidential chat to discuss this Audit Director position, please contact me on or .


Do not worry if your service is not listed. Select one and call us for an informal chat.
For all your cleaning needs, contact MooreClean today. Your home will thank you!
Our customers are truly delighted with our professional services. Clients continue to use our services as a result of our devotion to quality and our incredible customer service.
NOTE: MooreClean Cleaning Services will allocate selected cleaning firms to fulfil requests from certain areas. Please see our Terms for more details.


Ever wonder how they make 3D movies? Well here's how.
The first step is understanding how our mind perceives 3D, or to put it simply 'depth'. Each of our eyes sees a slightly different image and the brain puts these together to form a 3D image. If you close one eye you are technically seeing 2D however, your brain assumes so many things that it doesnt make much of a difference. But if you hold up something close to your face and then look at it with one eye in turn you will notice a huge difference in the image.
So this is simple. All that needs to be done is to fool the brain into thinking that it is getting two images and let it put them together to form a 3D image. Animated 3D movies are made normally but when they render them they make two movies from two different carefully placed cameras that represent each of the viewers eyes. When shown in cinemas both the recorded movies are projected onto a special screen using two projectors. The projectors project perpendicularly polarized light with respect to each other and the screen maintains this polarization. All that is needed are simple 3D glasses with polarized frames that make sure that the image made from the right camera coming from the right projector goes into our right eye and the light from the left projector goes into the left eye and our brain puts it all together to give us stereoscopic 3D vision of a 2D screen!


text:
using System;

namespace Merkkijonon_käsittely_3
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.OutputEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
            Console.WriteLine("Laskee syötteeestä L kirjainten lukumäärän:");
            Console.WriteLine("Kirjoita jotain: ");
            int count = 0;
            var word = new[] { 'l' };

            string userInput = Console.ReadLine().ToLower();

            char[] carray = userInput.ToCharArray();

            for (int i = 0; i < userInput.Length; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < word.Length; j++)
                {
                    if (carray[i] == word[j])
                        count++;
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"Syötteessä {userInput} on {count} L kirjainta.");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Every item we feature is objectively selected by our editorial team. If you purchase an item through our links, we may earn commission. Departures and American Express do not provide, endorse, or guarantee any of the items, and the sale of such items is governed by the third-party seller's policies, terms, and conditions.
Subscription gifts for kids provide an imagination-boosting experience that lasts all year long.
words by skye parrott, illustration by ahonen & Lamberg
MOST READ STYLE
Leader of the Pack
words by helen jennings, photography laurence ellis
Five Unisex Fragrances I Can't Stop Wearing
words by t. cole rachel, illustration by Ahonen & lamberg
My Boyfriend and I Share This Retro-Chic Tracksuit
AS A PARENT, the holidays bring many things. Joy, for one. It's delightful to watch children experience it all: the lights, the decorations, the music, and the family traditions. Stress, too. Making all that magic appear for the little ones, seemingly out of the ether, takes energy for us bigger people. (Yes, seeing their faces light up makes it all worthwhile.)
Another thing the holidays have the tendency to bring is more stuff. In my family, where we celebrate both Christmas and Chanukah, the holidays unleash a particular torrent of material objects right into my home. And I'm not the only one who can find it a bit overwhelming. One Christmas morning when my eldest was still very small, I watched as his face changed in the midst of unwrapping presents. There were a lot of them — too many, it turns out. The sheer quantity turned an exciting process into a chore he was just trying to get through.
It's a moment that my husband and I return to when we feel inclined to buy just one more gift. (Okay, so it's really a moment I bring up. I have never met anyone more entranced by the magic of Christmas than my Jewish husband, and he often has to be gently reminded that more doesn't always equal better.)
There's plenty of research to remind us that accumulating stuff doesn't actually make us happy. Experiences, on the other hand, are where it's at. Just thinking about how much we will enjoy something, or how much we have enjoyed it, provides true, lasting happiness. Even a bad experience can leave us with a good story to tell.
Children love — love — getting mail. It's an experience of anticipation. And who wouldn't love getting mail when the contents are only positive? Even my smallest asks if there is anything for her when the mail arrives. She is four, so the answer is generally no, but she still looks hopefully toward every catalog that arrives, remembering the one that was sent to us from Amazon in triplicate, filled with pages and pages of toys. She sat for hours, circling the things she wanted (every single item in the catalog), a fun experience unto itself even if I didn't fulfill any of her wishes.
So if you are looking for gifts for the littler ones in your life that will bring them (and their grownups) happiness, the clinically proven kind, read on. And as a bonus for the procrastinators among us, it is worth noting that subscriptions make great last-minute gifts. I say that with authority because guess whose kids are getting subscriptions this year because their mom dragged her feet? (But don't worry, their dad has the extra presents covered.)
Shop at Little Passports
Little Passports
This was the first gift subscription my daughter ever received and it was a hit. The inaugural box arrived containing a small suitcase, with a map of the world and a passport book inside. It also included a packet for a country (which is what is sent each following month): a stamp for the passport, a pin sticker for the map, a book with trivia and facts, and a craft or item. Fun and educational (I can hear my mom's approving voice as I write that). There are several travel-focused options, and they offer STEM sets as well for ages 3–12. SHOP NOW
Shop at Universal Yums
Universal Yums
Universal Yums served me up so many Instagram ads that I finally bought this for my eldest child last year. Each month, they send a package with a selection of snacks, both salty and sweet, from a different country. Also included is a scorecard to record impressions, so tasting becomes an event. This one was a win with every member of my household. SHOP NOW
Shop Mail Order Mystery
Mail Order Mystery
Since I purchased a gift subscription through those ads, they now appear constantly. I haven't tried this one yet but it looks great. Each subscription is a personalized mystery, and the recipient needs to solve it. Clues, letters, and objects come in the mail — all that is needed to unravel the answer. There are several themes, including spy, pirate, and fairy, and several levels of difficulty. Appropriate for age 6 and up. SHOP NOW
Shop at Nat Geo
Nothing new here, except … have you opened National Geographic recently? It's still great. Their kids' edition is too, with photography, trivia, and games that are engaging. The magazines include posters, which my daughter has all over her walls. Bonus: they make for great collaging material when they're done being read. SHOP NOW
Shop at Books Are Magic
Books Are Magic
Okay, so books are technically things, but receiving them in the mail is an experience too. Books Are Magic, a beloved Brooklyn bookstore owned by author Emma Straub, offers a subscription service of handpicked, age-appropriate books delivered each month. The fun of a subscription coupled with the joy of books. I'm hearing my mother's voice again here because — let's be honest — don't we all turn into our parents? SHOP NOW
Shop at Heifer
Heifer
This isn't a subscription exactly, but it feels adjacent. Heifer is a nonprofit focused on ending poverty and hunger. Their catalog of offerings allows the giver to choose and donate animals — a flock of chickens, a sheep, a water buffalo, and a hive of bees are just some of the options — that provide families with living income and sustenance. We've donated before and so they send a catalog that my children absolutely love. Each year they ask me if they can pick out animals to give. I've found it to be a very engaging way to help children think about giving. And ultimately, isn't that what the holidays should really be all about? SHOP NOW
Gift Subscriptions for Kids
The inaugural box contains a small suitcase, with a map of the world and a passport book inside. It also included a packet for a country (which is what is sent each following month): a stamp for the passport, a pin sticker for the map, a book with trivia and facts, and a craft or item.
Each subscription is a personalized mystery, and the recipient needs to solve it. Clues, letters, and objects come in the mail — all that is needed to unravel the answer.
Books Are Magic, a beloved Brooklyn bookstore owned by author Emma Straub, offers a subscription service of handpicked, age-appropriate books delivered each month. The fun of a subscription coupled with the joy of books.
Each month, they send a package with a selection of snacks, both salty and sweet, from a different country. Also included is a scorecard to record impressions, so tasting becomes an event.
The amazing kids' edition of National Geographic includes photography, trivia, and games that are engaging. The magazines include posters that make for great collaging material when they're done being read.
Heifer is a nonprofit focused on ending poverty and hunger. Their catalog of offerings allows the giver to choose and donate animals — a flock of chickens, a sheep, a water buffalo, and a hive of bees are just some of the options — that provide families with living income and sustenance.
Skye Parrott Photographer and Writer
Skye Parrott is the executive editor of Departures. A magazine editor, photographer, writer, and creative consultant, she was previously a founder of the arts and culture journal Dossier, and editor in chief for the relaunch of Playgirl as a modern, feminist publication.
Ahonen & Lamberg Illustrator
Ahonen and Lamberg is a multidisciplinary design studio based in Paris. Founded in 2006 by Finnish designers Anna Ahonen and Katariina Lamberg, the studio concentrates on art direction, creative consultancy, and graphic design.
Departures and American Express do not provide, endorse, or guarantee any of the items, and the sale of such items is governed by the third-party seller's policies, terms, and conditions.
More Wish List
Beautifully designed and gorgeously scented, these candles will transform any space.
words by nina renata aron, illustration by ahonen & lamberg
Ceramics for Your Inner Child
Celebrating the utility and whimsical imperfection of contemporary ceramics.
When Skincare Leads to CBD
The cannabis products that helped me cure a lifetime of redness, bumps, and bad moods.
WORDS BY ANNETTE LAMOTHE-RAMOS, ILLUSTRATION BY AHONEN & LAMBERG
There's a Natural Wine for Everyone
How one designer's tasting journey led to these five impeccable bottles.
Words by Victoria Rosselli, illustration by Ahonen & Lamberg
From cannabis-inspired smells to funky florals, these scents will appeal to everyone.


Robot operating system (ROS) is not just an operating system; it is a robotics middleware, a collection of software framework, and toolsets upon which robotics systems can be developed or constructed. It provides a structured communications layer above the host operating systems of a mixed compute clusters. ROS is language- neutral and can be programmed in various languages. ROS works at the messaging layer i.e. it consists of programming tools and code that help projectors to run the programming code and the infrastructure for running it, like messages passing between processes.
The ROS is designed to work with different components and subsystems that operate on different programming languages. The expansion of industrial automation across business operations around the globe is creating lucrative demand for ROS. The ROS market is forecasted to reach US$ 402.7Mn by 2026, reflecting a CAGR of 8.8%.
Companies such as Fanuc Corporation and ABB are planning to invest more in R&D to develop better robots as well as their operating system that is user friendly and affordable. However, a major concern in the ROS ecosystem includes the security issue in design and implementation of ROS. Many suppliers of robotics operating systems provide ROS that is protected, secured, and then commercialized. Research organizations developing ROS are emphasizing on investing and building more stable ROS and providing better application programming interface (APIs). The rising installation and deployment of industrial and commercial robots across the world is one of the key trends boosting the growth of the ROS market. For instance, by 2019, more than 1.9 million new industrial robots will be deployed around the world, according to a research study by International Federation of Robotics (IFR).


text:
From June 21-22, the United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (UNLIREC), conducted a Firearm Marking Technical Meeting two activities in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
The marking of firearms and ammunition is a long-standing practice carried out by the manufacturers themselves, as a way to distinguish the quality of their products from other manufacturers. Marking firearms also provides basic information about the manufacturer and the different actors that participated in the legal trade in arms and ammunition, facilitates traceability of the weapon in time and geographic space, from its manufacture to its last legal representative, and, identifies a weapon, and establishes relations between it and a crime, facilitating criminal investigation processes. The marking of small arms is an obligation for states in several international instruments, including the: Firearms Protocol (2001), the Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives, and Other Related Materials (CIFTA) 1997, Programme of Action on Small Arms and Light Weapons (PoA) 2001 and the International Tracing Instrument (ITI) 2005.
UNLIREC convened the Firearm Marking Technical Meeting to highlight the marking of firearms and ammunition as a key small arms ammunition control measure to prevent diversion of licit weapons, improve accountability and enhance the traceability of illicit weapons. The Inter-institutional meeting also sought to strengthen the awareness and coordination of security sector authorities.
The Meeting and practical marking exercise include representatives of the Police Service, Prison Service, Forensic Science Centre, Customs and Excise Department and Ministry of National Security. UNLIREC demonstrated the practical use of its Laser Marking Machine to mark firearms according to national and international guidelines for the marking of firearms. Participants were able to observe the representative of the Forensic Science Centre utilising Fry's reagent to recover the 'serial number' from an obsolete weapon that was marked using the laser machine, then had the numbers obliterated using a metal grinder. The recovery of the 'serial number' demonstrated the recoverability of erased laser markings on weapons.
The Firearm Marking Technical Meeting is part of UNLIREC's Combat of Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons and Ammunition in the Caribbean which is made possible thanks to the support of the government of Germany.
UNLIREC, as the regional organ of the UN Office for Disarmament, seeks to advance the cause of practical disarmament in Latin America and the Caribbean as part of its commitment to support Member States in their implementation of international disarmament and non-proliferation instruments, in particular, the 2001 UN Programme of Action on Small Arms.
UNLIREC carries out Training in Introduction to Forensic Ballistics and Comparison Microscopy for Forensic Ballistics, virtually, in Trinidad and Tobago
UNLIREC holds virtual Interdicting Small Arms, Ammunition, Parts and Components (ISAAPC) Course with the Directorate of Customs and Excise of Colombia.
UNLIREC organized the seventh edition of the Course on the Interdiction of Arms, Ammunition, Parts and Components (ISAAP) in Paraguay
Peru advances 1540 implementation on preventing WMD proliferation
UNLIREC steps up efforts in Guatemala to prevent armed violence and combat illicit firearms trafficking


On April 13, 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) finalized its Marketplace Stabilization Rule. This is the first Trump administration regulation that applies to the health insurance markets remade by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The unusual title of the regulation underscores the White House's commitment to stabilizing the Obamacare health insurance exchanges. These marketplaces, which have roughly 12 million enrollees, experienced high premium increases (a national average of 25 percent) and diminished insurer participation (one third of U.S. counties have only one participating insurer) in 2017. The regulation follows previous modest policy changes designed to stabilize the markets by cutting down on the quantity of special enrollment periods and reduce "gaming" opportunities by exchange plan enrollees. The regulation is accompanied by new subregulatory guidance as well, which, most notably, lessens the federal role in certifying that exchange health plans meet ACA requirements, and deferring to state reviews in several cases.
The health policy specialists at Faegre Baker Daniels Consulting have created a chart summarizing the draft and final regulation and providing analysis of the impact of the final regulation's provisions.


text:
Q: Is `internal` the same as `public` for a single project? In a single project (ie assembly) is the internal attribute any different from the public attribute?
I don't see a difference, but I wanted to make sure there are no edge cases I am not thinking of.

A: Yes, it's the same. Internal is public within the same assembly so if you have a single assembly there is no difference

A: Lots of people are saying yes, but the answer really is no.
If somebody references your assembly then there is a very big difference!

A: In general, yes.
In very rare cases, there may be differences, especially in reflection-specific contexts. For example, Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(myType)) will succeed if the type has a public parameterless constructor, but may not if the type only has an internal one (atleast on .NET 3.5) - you will have to call the overload with nonpublic = true.
Also, note that interface implementations are always public. Consequently, Replace all -> "public" - "internal" from your editor may produce code that does not compile - the compiler will refuse to allow you to implement an interface's member with internal visibility.

A: Yes, the difference comes in when somebody else is referencing your assembly. In that case only the public members will be visible. But don't forget, the internal/private members can still be accessed via Reflection/dynamics. Also it will no longer be labeled with the BindingFlags.Public, it uses BindingFlags.NonPublic instead.

A: From with the assembly in which it is declared it is the same.

A: Yes, basically internal means that classes can be only used inside your assembly, which will work the same way as public inside the assembly.
But if you think your assembly will be used by any projects, its better to use public on the classes that can be referenced.
Also if you declare a class as internal, and some method inside public, internal will override its accessibility, making it internal.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
← Where Do Dreams Go?
Top 5 Favorite Songs →
Ya Gotta Love American English
Posted on February 6, 2016	by Barb Knowles
I'm kinda goin' out on a limb here, but I'd say all English-speaking countries have their regional dialects and idiomatic expressions that are peculiar to a certain part of the country. For anyone out there who has ever taught English to non-native English speakers, that's obvious. Just sayin'.
But I'm not sure if as many countries just change the language by creating new words like the Americans do. In one of my graduate level linguistic courses, my professor summed it up in a nice, neat little package. "Americans are linguistically lazy." Wow. Being physically lazy is bad enough. But to be physically and linguistically lazy? Idk.
Caveat: I have spent most of my life living in the suburbs and more rural areas of southern New York State. I lived for 4 years in Ohio in college, and certainly there were different idiomatic expressions and accents there. But bear my Hudson Valley New York perspective in mind as I wax eloquent on fake new words. And just in case I was doing it right now, I looked up "wax eloquent vs. wax eloquently" and wax eloquent won.
Photo: http://www.spain.com
In 1974, I lived and studied in Segovia, Spain while completing undergraduate work for my college degree in Romance Languages. Part-time, I taught English to some of the employees of local stores and restaurants. On the first day of class, a girl asked me what "djeet" meant. She wrote it down for me. I told her it isn't a word in English. A few others said that yes, it is. We went back and forth while I was trying to figure out what language they were talking about. Perhaps Egyptian? Or Russian? How could I guess when I knew nothing about languages other than English and some of the Romance languages. Then it dawned on me. "Djeet" is actually four separate words in English that become one in American English. See for yourself.
Person A: Djeet lunch yet?
Person B: Nah I don't wanna. I'm gonna later.
Person A: Well I'm kinda hungry so I'm gonna eat now.
Can you imagine explaining that one? "Oh, they are saying "did you eat yet." Djeet. They looked at me like I had sprouted wings. Then they all practiced. I was like no no no you don't wanna learn to speak like that. They asked why? Ummmm….just 'cuz.
On my first day living with my Spanish family, the mother of the family said that they knew 2 words in American English. "Yeeeeeeeeeees" and "nooooooooo." Oh, man, I never thought about the fact that we draw those two words out for a looooooong time. I don't think they do that in the U.K. I think they probably clip the words to the correct length with "yes" and "no." If the above isn't proof enough, it was common to see "Se Habla Inglés" and "Se Habla Americano" signs in the same shop windows. Geesh.
Frequently we don't even say yeeeees and noooooo. Yeah and nah. Jeez, even writing them down here is making me cringe. Nope, I don't say "nah" but I do say "yeah." Yup, that's right. I do.
A difference, obviously, is if one is writing formally or informally. Formally, we would write "I want to go to the cafeteria. Do you want to go with me?" But if someone actually said the words aloud like that, it would turn heads. Informally, want to and going to become wanna and gonna. Or wunna and gunna, depending where in the United States you live. Which causes a problem for students because thanks to social media sites such as Twitter, abbreviating words is a plus. Which then carries over to formal writing. "R they gonna have a civil war in country X? Idk. But history teaches us….." and on and on. 🙂
Do you guys in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Bahamas and other English-speaking countries change words?
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged American, dialects, english, Humor, idiomatic expressions, languages, opinion, pronunciation, Segovia, spain. Bookmark the permalink.
60 Responses to Ya Gotta Love American English
I have come across that too
many times here in our country. I have the most difficulty when I travel in be southern states. Sometimes I have to pause for a moment and slow down the words to translate. Other times different parts of the country use different words to say the same thing. I know some countries have dialects that are so different the north can't understand what the south is saying. Oh wait…I know that all too well…:)
I've mentioned this before, but there is a show and I can't remember the name of it, that is a reality show set in Louisiana. When the "old-timers" speak, closed -captioning comes on. But I think the fact that we completely change words is more unique than our pronunciation or word usage.
Ireland? Yes! We most certainly do. For exanple, I thought djeet meant what we use an insult 'eejit' which is really a form of 'idiot'. Many more just like it! 😀
My grandmother would say to us "Don't be eejts" when we got into things. And, yes, that's exactly what I'm talking about. I guess if we wanted to ask an idiot if he had eaten we could say "Djeet eejit?" Wait. That actually looks Dutch.
Sounds like a great slogan for a t-shirt! !
haha She would have concurred. You can take the family out of Ireland, but you can't take Ireland out of the family.
I'm just gonna throw some words/phrases out there and you let me know if you know what they mean.
Eavestrough
Double Double
All-dressed
Pencil Crayon
Toonie
tj6james6 says:
Paul: Snort!
Eavestrough, if this isn't that thing that catches water off the roof and routes it to the ground instead of having it rain down on us then I don't know what it is.
Double Double 2 cream, 2 sugar in your TIMMIES! Or coffee, or tea
Two-Four…2-4. a case of 24 beers
Toque…definition wise is a small hat with a small brim or none at all. Here in Canada it's a winter hat! Usually wool and knitted. I could have sworn it was spelled tougue but the spell checker and the dictionary are telling me it isn't. Huh.
All-dressed…chips which have everything but the kitchen sink seasoning them
Chesterfield..derived from the British word. Couch in modern jargon.
Pencil Crayon…I just learned over the Christmas break that American's don't know colored pencils as pencil crayons. *shrug. Goooooooooooooo figure.*
Zed…the last letter of the English alphabet.
Toonie…Two dollar coin, twice the worth of a Loonie.
Thanks for the laugh :).
So I guess I was wrong! Here, eavesdrop means to secretly listen in on others conversations. I've always assumed it is derived from dropping over the actual eaves to listen-in back in the day. We call the trough thing gutters. And I did know that zed was the last letter of the alphabet now that you mention it. But not here. We say zee.
Thanks for this! Hysterical how different these are.
I know :). I'm American born, Canadian raised from the age of almost 9 (age was a big deal way back then.)
Lol, your version of eavesdropping over the eavestrough is hilarious!
I do beta/edit work for fanfiction authors and my spell checker goes nuts over the differences in spelling sometimes!
Things like color vs colour, neighbor vs neighbour…pretty much any word where the u follows an o in Canadian/British English, the Americans removed it after their emancipation from England.
There are other differences, too, I just can't think of many off the top of my head at 8:00 am on a Sunday morning! Oooohhhhh, other than we, at least in Ontario, have more French inspired words since our second official language is French (not that Canadian and France French are that closely related)
The zee vs zed controversy sometimes has me rolling on the floor. I always ask them, Canadians, if that call that black and white striped, horse like animal a zedbra! They don't, they call it a zehbra! *snort*
Even though I did most of my schooling here, and still get teased for it, I still call it zee 😀
Both zehbra and zedbra are hysterical. I never realized how many words we use that derive from French as well until I started teaching ENL. The kids will ask me about words like armoire, which is armario in Spanish. I can't think of the other ones off the top of my head. I'm blaming 8:00 for that as well ha. I've said a kazillion times "Oh that's because we use the French word in English." They ask why don't we use the English word in English. Some of the others will pop in my head once I've finished my coffee.
What a lot of ESL students don't understand, a lot of native speakers don't understand it either, is English is not an original language (Latin is an original language, lol) so it needs to take its words from somewhere.
All words are derived from somewhere whether it's Latin, Greek (which I would love to learn), Arabic, Yiddish or some other equally impossible language :D.
In a nutshell English is the bastardized words (Oooooooooooozzzzzz, side note which I learned just recently. Words like bastardized are North American while bastardised is the British form!) of all the other languages.
And now you've brought up the z and s difference! Yes to the languages based on the Roman Latin. Here we say Romance Languages, which has nothing to do with romance and is a bastardization of Romans. We could go on and on. And in the US, we have a lot of words that are Spanish, and some from the native languages of North and South America. Phew!
It is a lot, I agree.
I always wondered why they were called Romance languages when I don't consider French a romantic language at all. But that could have something to do with the version of French I was forced to learn. Canadian French is NOT France French just like New Orleans French (Cajun) is not France French. It's bastardized as a minimum.
Romance is definitely supposed to be Romans. For example (while I took French in college I'm very weak in it so I don't know how the French say this), Spanish is "un idioma, or lenguage, romano.' I never understood the Romance part either, until I learned that we changed that too. While I find this conversation fascinating, we've strayed waaaaay far from the funny part of this thread.
Lol, I know, but it was still interesting which I generally what keeps me coming back, although humour is definitely up there too.
Yeus, yeus iut ius. Now I'm going to add "u" to lots of things. ha
I'm on your blog now, which I have been following for a while. Thanks to your review, I've put Vampire Miami on my to-read list. Am I being an eejit (ha)? I can't find the comments section. Help!
Lol, okay, I will look in a minute. Some times WP will be a pain and untick the comments box even though I know it is ticked when I hit post.
The comments and pingbacks were unticked, thanx, it's fixed now. At least it should be.
I'll check in a minute. I'm glad I asked!
Lynne McAennyl says:
Eaves dropping…people stood under the eaves at the windows to listen in, with the rain dripping on them as back-in-the-day there were no gutters…
To talk seriously about this for a minute, it's interesting how the effects of colonization trickle over into language. I don't know why we dropped the "u" here. And always wonder if you pronounce the 'u" or if it is silent. In Latin American Spanish, they dropped the vosotros form of verbs because it was connected to the more formal Castellano. But that doesn't make sense to me, because usted is a shortened, bastardization of Vuestra Merced, which was a way to address royalty in the court and church. "Your grace or your honor." So you would think (or one would think, in England) that they would have dropped that form and not vosotros. Oh well. Language geek I am.
More of a geek than me, lol, since I didn't understand most of that :D.
I can tell you that we do NOT pronounce the 'u' in colour, neighbour, etc., it's pronounced the same as the American version.
I'm not 100% positive but I believe the powers that be dropped the 'u' after the Colonies won the Revolutionary War and their independence from the British colonies. It was one of many ways they said eff you to England without being so crass.
Haha I go on and on about languages, and I am probably wrong about some of the details. I had a many year break between undergraduate and graduate work. If I had started graduate work later (which I needed for my teaching certification) I would have continued on to a doctorate in linguistics. To time consuming and I really wanted to do that because I'm obsessed and would have found the course work interesting. Your editor job sounds fascinating.
It can be, depending on how well they know the English language and what their relationships with a dictionary and thesaurus are like. Oh, and Grammarly.
Unfortunately it's work I do for free because it's something I enjoy.
My money job is factory work *shrug*. It pays the bills and lets me do other things I do enjoy more.
I haven't had time to peruse your site recently, do you have a section where you teach us about linguistics?
I've always enjoyed learning and loved English in school. I think that was more because I got to read, in class a lot of the time, than because of any interest in the intricacies but the older I get the more I do want to learn about stuff like that.
English and history were my favorite courses. Speaking of that word, why don't we in the US spell it corses? And thanks for checking out my blog. I don't have a section about linguistics, because I am far from a expert. I just think that word origins, including in English where we have the Saxon words, are wildly interesting. It's a thought though, thanks.
Quite welcome.
I've always wondered why we didn't just spell things phonetically. Remember when they used to tell us to sound it out?
Words like pneumonia, psychology, psychiatrist and a very, very long list of others, just can not be sounded out and spelled correctly.
My boyfriend has a story from his school days.
He was still in grammar school: they went back after Christmas break and one of their assignments was to write about what they did during the break.
He asked the teacher how to spell pneumonia (grade 3 I think) and, naturally she told him to look it up.
Needless to say that paper did not get a good mark because she neglected to tell him that the word started with a 'p' when she told him to look it up. He was livid when he learned that. When she asked him why he wanted to know in the first place she told him he could have just said he had the flu.
I laugh about it but he was really angry since she could have just told him that in the first place.
Ummmmm…..let's see. Eavestrough must be our eavesdrop. Two-four=soon? Pencil crayon=colored pencil? Toonie=cartoon? Chesterfield is a brand of cigarettes and maybe a raincoat? Are you sure we both speak English? I haven't a clue as to the others. You have to provide the Canadian dictionary.
Ha someone stole my thunder! It's fine. You're missing out on all-dressed chips though. So good! We also have ketchup chips but I find those disgusting. Most Canadians like them.
Ketchup on chips? Bleeeeeech
ketchup chips = ketchup + potato = ketchup + fries
Chips like in England vs chips in the U.S. which are crisps in England.
The hamburger clip is hilarious!
I love that. It's from the Pink Panther movie. I show it to my ENL (English as a New Language) kids once they have been here long enough to appreciate it and understand it. It cracks them up. I've been watching that for years and it still makes me laugh out loud.
I made a friend watch it a while ago and we were both crying from laughing so much 🙂
Oh yes! In Singapore we have Singlish and we get pretty good at bastardising English that only Singlish native speakers can understand. It's a language on its own and STILL English. It's hilarious! Like "makaning" which means eating. Or calling someone idiot and we go dumb-dumb. Heee..heee.
I love "makaning." What is that a combination of?
"Makan" is eat or food in Malay. So the act of eating is makaning. LOL!
I love it! Like the latino kids I teach, will say "chiliando" for chillin'. "Miss! Estamos chiliando!" We're chillin'!
educationsvoice says:
I'm an American living in the UK for the last 15 years. What you describe definitely happens here. Two come immediately to mind…
Tintintin- It isn't in the tin.
Ouat (to my American ear it sounds like oat) somehow this means "anything".
Those are so cool. I haven't heard of either of them. I would have assumed that tintintin referred to the graphic novel series about Tin Tin. Thank you for reading and commenting on this 😃
What you're hearing is probably 'owt' (pronounced 'out' as in 'to go out') which is used by people in some parts of Northern England. It means 'anything', and there is an expression "you don't get owt for nowt" whcih means that you don't get anything for nothing. It's not used in southern England except by northerners living there.
Usually in U.K. it's pronounced as 'out' (spelled ought) meaning anything, derived from 'nout' (spelled nought) meaning nothing, or zero.
"What's up, mon?"
"Nought."
In my grandparents time here in the U.S., they would use "ought" for zero referring to dates. 1905 would be nineteen ought five. Although I have no idea how they would have spelled it. I never hear it now. Thank you for the interesting comment.
We use nought (pronounced as "nawt" for zero…
"M' phone number's nought seven three nought nought seven nought seven."the
I wrote "ought" as meaning zero, but I have no idea if that is how it was spelled. I want to move to New Zealand just to say phone numbers. I'm so glad you came here to my blog! Welcome!
We (NZ) pronounce nought as "nawt"
't = it, in, t' =the, 'in = tin (cause you don't sound t' t twice! LOL
Oh and the welcome is silly, although you are always welcome, because I realize that we are already following each other's blogs. 🙂
Sorry! I meant to say it happens here in the UK. The examples are UK pronunciations.
I knew you meant the UK.
I'm a Brit living in Wales, UK. This is what I ask my husband on alternate nights (as we take turns with the cooking): "wojawonf'suppa?" To which he might reply (as a fellow Brit) "uh? I d'no."
Your post made me laugh (and wince a bit!). It's not so much changing words as running them into each other in the speed-speaking way that we all have in our own language.A hell of a lot of American English has made it's way across to us, and – probably from us over to you, also.
I LOVE wojawonf'suppa and immediately knew what it was. This is great! And I'm very happy that you took the time to read and comment on this. Here is our conversation. Ready?
"Djeet?"
"Wojawonf'suppa?
I d'no.
"It's a thoght, thogh." LOL