text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE pise SYSTEM "PARSER/pise.dtd">

<pise>

    <title>TACG</title>
    <version>2.391</version>
    <description>Restriction Enzyme analysis</description>
    <authors>Mangalam</authors>
    <category>nucleic:restriction</category>

  <command>tacg</command>

  <parameters>

    <parameter iscommand="1" ishidden="1" issimple="1" type="String">
      <name>tacg</name>
      <attributes>
	<format>
	  <language>perl</language>
	  "tacg"
	</format>
	<group>0</group>

      </attributes>
    </parameter>

    <parameter ismandatory="1" issimple="1" type="Sequence">
      <name>sequence</name>
      <attributes>
	<prompt>DNA Sequence (raw sequence)</prompt>
	<format>
	  <language>perl</language>
	  " < $value "
	</format>
	<group>100</group>
	<seqfmt>
	  <value>13</value>
	</seqfmt>

      </attributes>
    </parameter>

    <parameter type="Paragraph">
      <paragraph>
	<name>input_options</name>
	<prompt>Input options</prompt>
	<group>2</group>
	<parameters>

	  <parameter type="Integer">
	    <name>beginning</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Beginning of a subsequence in your sequence (-b)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -b $value" : ""
	      </format>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Integer">
	    <name>end</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>End of a subsequence in your sequence (-e)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -e $value" : ""
	      </format>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>topology</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Form (or topology) of DNA (-f)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		(defined $value && $value != $vdef)? " -f $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>1</value></vdef>
	      <vlist>
		<value>0</value>
		0: circular
		<value>1</value>
		1: linear
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>degeneracy</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Degeneracy flag - controls input and analysis of degenerate sequence input (-D)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value && $value != $vdef)? " -D $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>1</value></vdef>
	      <vlist>
		<value>0</value>
		0: FORCES excl'n of degens in seq; only 'acgtu' accepted
		<value>1</value>
		1: cut as NONdegen unless degen's found; then cut as '-D3'
		<value>2</value>
		2: degen's OK; ignore in KEY, but match outside of KEY
		<value>3</value>
		3: degen's OK; expand in KEY, find only EXACT matches
		<value>4</value>
		4: degen's OK; expand in KEY, find ALL POSSIBLE matches
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>codon</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Codon Usage table to use for translation (-C)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -C $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
	      <vlist>
		<value>0</value>
		0: Universal
		<value>1</value>
		1: Mito_Vertebrates
		<value>2</value>
		2: Mito_Drosophila
		<value>3</value>
		3: Mito_S_Cervisiae
		<value>4</value>
		4: Mito_S_Pombe
		<value>5</value>
		5: Mito_N_crassa
		<value>6</value>
		6: Mito_Higher_Plants
		<value>7</value>
		7: Ciliates
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	</parameters>
      </paragraph>

    </parameter>

    <parameter type="Paragraph">
      <paragraph>
	<name>output_options</name>
	<prompt>Output options</prompt>
	<group>2</group>
	<parameters>

	  <parameter type="Switch">
	    <name>order_by_cut</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Order the output by number of cuts/fragments (-c)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -c" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <precond>
		<language>perl</language>
		$print_fragments || $sites || $ladder_map || $gel_map
	      </precond>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Integer">
	    <name>width</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Output width (between 60 and 210) (-w)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value && $value ne $vdef)? " -w $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>60</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>graphic</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Histogram output (-G)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -G$binsize,$value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <vlist>
		<value>X</value>
		X: horizontal X axis
		<value>Y</value>
		Y: vertical X axis
		<value>Z</value>
		Z: long output
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter ismandatory="1" type="Integer">
	    <name>binsize</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Step size in histogram</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		 ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <precond>
		<language>perl</language>
		$graphic
	      </precond>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	</parameters>
      </paragraph>

    </parameter>

    <parameter type="Paragraph">
      <paragraph>
	<name>selection_options</name>
	<prompt>Enzymes Selection options</prompt>
	<group>2</group>
	<parameters>

	  <parameter type="String">
	    <name>enzymes</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Enzymes selection list (separated by comma)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -r $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Integer">
	    <name>max_cut</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Maximum number of cuts allowed in sequence (-M)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -M $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Integer">
	    <name>min_cut</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Minimum number of cuts in sequence for the enzyme to be selected (-m)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -m $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>magnitude</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Select enzymes by magnitude of recognition site (-n)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value && $value ne $vdef)? " -n $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>3</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <vlist>
		<value>3</value>
		3
		<value>4</value>
		4
		<value>5</value>
		5
		<value>6</value>
		6
		<value>7</value>
		7
		<value>8</value>
		8
	      </vlist>
	      <comment>
		<value>The 'magnitude' of the recognition sequence depends on the number of defined bases that make up the site. Degenerate bases can also contribute:</value>
		<value>acgt each count '1' magnitude point</value>
		<value>yrwsmk each count '1/2' magnitude point</value>
		<value>bdhu each count '1/4' magnitude point</value>
		<value>n doesn't count at all</value>
		<value>Those enzymes sequences' patterns that 'sum' to the equivalent of at least the given magnitude pass the test</value>
		<value>Examples: tgca=4, tgyrca=5, tgcnnngca=6, etc...</value>
		<value>The values are upwardly inclusive (5=5,6,7,8 6=6,7,8 ...)</value>
	      </comment>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>overhang</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Select enzymes by overhang generated (-o)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		(defined $value && $value ne $vdef)? " -o $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>1</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <vlist>
		<value>5</value>
		5: 5' overhang
		<value>3</value>
		3: 3'
		<value>0</value>
		0: blunt (no overhang)
		<value>1</value>
		1: all
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	</parameters>
      </paragraph>

    </parameter>

    <parameter type="Paragraph">
      <paragraph>
	<name>analyses</name>
	<prompt>Analyses</prompt>
	<group>2</group>
	<parameters>

	  <parameter type="Switch">
	    <name>summary</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Summary of site information (-s)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -s" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>1</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Excl">
	    <name>print_fragments</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Table of fragments (-F)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -F $value" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <vlist>
		<value>0</value>
		0: don't print fragments
		<value>1</value>
		1: by sites
		<value>2</value>
		2: sorted by sizes
		<value>3</value>
		3: both
	      </vlist>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Switch">
	    <name>sites</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Table of actual cut sites (a la Strider) (-S)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -S" : ""
	      </format>
	      <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Switch">
	    <name>ladder_map</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Ladder map of selected enzymes (-l)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -l" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Switch">
	    <name>gel_map</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Pseudo-graphic gel map (-g)</prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		($value)? " -g $cutoff" : ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter ismandatory="1" type="Integer">
	    <name>cutoff</name>
	    <attributes>
	      <prompt>Low-end cutoff in number of bases for gel map (>= 10) </prompt>
	      <format>
		<language>perl</language>
		 ""
	      </format>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <comment>
		<value>You can cut off any size in 10^n increments (as you might want to cut off very large fragments if you were doing chromosomal digests).</value>
	      </comment>
	      <precond>
		<language>perl</language>
		$gel_map
	      </precond>
	    </attributes>
	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Paragraph">
	    <paragraph>
	      <name>linear_map_options</name>
	      <prompt>Linear map</prompt>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <parameters>

		<parameter type="Switch">
		  <name>linear_map</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Linear map a la Strider (-L)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ($value)? " -L" : ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter type="Switch">
		  <name>translation</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Linear co-translation  (-t,-T)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ($value)? " $trans_flag $translation_frames" : ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <ctrls>
		      <ctrl>
			<message>no message 1</message>
			<language>perl</language>
			$three_letter && ($trans_flag="-T") && 0
		      </ctrl>
		      <ctrl>
			<message>no message 2</message>
			<language>perl</language>
			! $three_letter && ($trans_flag="-t") && 0
		      </ctrl>
		    </ctrls>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $linear_map
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="Excl">
		  <name>translation_frames</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Translation in how many frames</prompt>
		    <vdef><value>1</value></vdef>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <vlist>
		      <value>1</value>
		      1 frame
		      <value>3</value>
		      3 frames
		      <value>6</value>
		      6 frames
		    </vlist>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $translation
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter type="Switch">
		  <name>three_letter</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Translation in 3-letter code (-T)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ""
		    </format>
		    <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $translation
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

	      </parameters>
	    </paragraph>

	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Paragraph">
	    <paragraph>
	      <name>orf_options</name>
	      <prompt>Open Reading Frames</prompt>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <parameters>

		<parameter type="Switch">
		  <name>orf</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Do an ORF analysis</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ($value)? " -O $frame,$min_size" : ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <ctrls>
		      <ctrl>
			<message>no message</message>
			<language>perl</language>
			($frame=~ s/\\s//g) && 0
		      </ctrl>
		    </ctrls>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="List">
		  <name>frame</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Frames to search</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ""
		    </format>
		    <vdef>
		      <value>1</value>

		    </vdef>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <vlist>
		      <value>1</value>
		      1
		      <value>2</value>
		      2
		      <value>3</value>
		      3
		      <value>4</value>
		      4
		      <value>5</value>
		      5
		      <value>6</value>
		      6
		    </vlist>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $orf
		    </precond>
		    <separator>'" "'</separator>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="Integer">
		  <name>min_size</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Min ORF size</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $orf
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

	      </parameters>
	    </paragraph>

	  </parameter>

	  <parameter type="Paragraph">
	    <paragraph>
	      <name>pattern_search_options</name>
	      <prompt>Pattern Search</prompt>
	      <group>2</group>
	      <parameters>

		<parameter type="Switch">
		  <name>pattern_search</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Do a pattern search (-p)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ($value)? " -p $name,$pattern,$errors" : ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="String">
		  <name>pattern</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Pattern (<30 IUPAC character)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ""
		    </format>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $pattern_search
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="Integer">
		  <name>errors</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Max number of errors that are tolerated (<6) (-p)</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      ""
		    </format>
		    <vdef><value>0</value></vdef>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $pattern_search
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter ismandatory="1" type="String">
		  <name>name</name>
		  <attributes>

		    <prompt>Label of pattern</prompt>
		    <format>
		      <language>perl</language>
		       ""
		    </format>
		    <vdef><value>pattern1</value></vdef>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <precond>
		      <language>perl</language>
		      $pattern_search
		    </precond>

		  </attributes>
		</parameter>

		<parameter type="Paragraph">
		  <paragraph>
		    <name>proximity_options</name>
		    <prompt>Search for spatial relationships between factors (-P)</prompt>
		    <group>2</group>
		    <parameters>

		      <parameter type="Switch">
			<name>proximity</name>
			<attributes>

			  <prompt>Do a proximity search</prompt>
			  <format>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    ($value)? " -P $nameA,$distance,$nameB" : ""
			  </format>

			</attributes>
		      </parameter>

		      <parameter ismandatory="1" type="String">
			<name>distance</name>
			<attributes>

			  <prompt>Distance between factors</prompt>
			  <format>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    ""
			  </format>
			  <comment>
			    <value>Distance specification: [+-][lg]Dist_Lo[-Dist_Hi</value>
			    <value>+ NameA is DOWNSTREAM of NameB (default is either)</value>
			    <value>- NameA is UPSTREAM of NameB (ditto)</value>
			    <value>l NameA is LESS THAN Dist_Lo from NameB (default)</value>
			    <value>g NameA is GREATER THAN Dist_Lo from NameB</value>
			    <value>examples:</value>
			    <value>HindIII,350,bamhi: Matches HindIII sites within 350 bp of BamHI sites</value>
			    <value>Pit1,-30-2500,Tataa: Match Pit1 sites 30 to 2500 bp UPSTREAM of a Tataa site</value>
			  </comment>
			  <precond>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    $proximity
			  </precond>

			</attributes>
		      </parameter>

		      <parameter ismandatory="1" type="String">
			<name>nameA</name>
			<attributes>

			  <prompt>Name of first factor (nameA)</prompt>
			  <format>
			    <language>perl</language>
			     ""
			  </format>
			  <comment>
			    <value>NameA and NameB must be enzymes names (Rebase db)</value>
			  </comment>
			  <precond>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    $proximity
			  </precond>

			</attributes>
		      </parameter>

		      <parameter ismandatory="1" type="String">
			<name>nameB</name>
			<attributes>

			  <prompt>Name of second factor (nameB)</prompt>
			  <format>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    ""
			  </format>
			  <precond>
			    <language>perl</language>
			    $proximity
			  </precond>

			</attributes>
		      </parameter>

		    </parameters>
		  </paragraph>

		</parameter>

	      </parameters>
	    </paragraph>

	  </parameter>

	</parameters>
      </paragraph>

    </parameter>

    <parameter ishidden="1" type="String">
      <name>quiet</name>
      <attributes>
	<format>
	  <language>perl</language>
	  " -q"
	</format>
	<group>1</group>
      </attributes>
    </parameter>

  </parameters>
</pise>


Simply teaching literacy to young people at-risk is not enough. The demonstration project had to develop multiple approaches to helping the young people overcome a wide variety of challenges.
Simply teaching literacy to young people at-risk is not enough.
Martini is one of those cocktail drinks that have withstood the test of time. The martini was created almost a century ago and it is still to this day a very popular mixed drink on bars, clubs, and other high class socialite events and gatherings. Needless to say, the martini is not just a great cocktail drink per se, but that the overall sophistication it imbues is unparalleled by any other drink. Perhaps the only other cocktail drink that has a very good chance of standing toe to toe with the martini is another martini itself – the vodka martini.
The original martini uses gin as its primary spirit, whereas the vodka martini makes use of vodka. Both gin and vodka are colorless as their liquid form looks very much like water. However, the big difference between the two is that vodka doesn't have both taste and odor, whereas gin has the smell and flavor of juniper berries.
The biggest issue with gin is that not many are exactly a fan of its flavor. Enter the vodka, a spirit that is a very effective alternative and substitute to gin. Since it possesses strong points where gin is weak, for many aficionados and those with passion for fine cocktail drinks, vodka martini is the better type of martini. If vodka was available back then during the creation of the martini, it is likely its inventor would have used vodka instead of gin.
To make the vodka martini, get your cocktail shaker and place in your vermouth and vodka inside with appropriate amounts according to your serving. Put in some ice inside the shaker than cover the shaker with its top lid. Take the shaker and hold it with both hands with one hand holding the top of the shaker and the other hand holding the bottom part. Shake the contents very vigorously. Strain the liquid on a chilled martini glass. Add in your garnish and finally you're done. Serve and enjoy.


text:
Chapters (22)
Journal of Tropical Ecology (1)
Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology (23)
Part II - How conflicts shape societies
Ivan Norscia, Università degli Studi, Pisa, Elisabetta Palagi, Università degli Studi, Pisa
Foreword by Alison Jolly, Ian Tatterall
Afterword by Michael Huffman
Book: The Missing Lemur Link
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp 75-76
7 - Playing lemurs: why primates have been playing for a long time
from Part III - Why lemurs keep in touch
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp 185-218
We do not stop playing because we get old. We get old because we stop playing
Stanley G. Hall, 1904
Playing, an everyday life activity: easy to spot, hard to define
After focusing for a long time on animal grief, trauma, violence, pain and suffering, comparative psychologists have been lately putting their efforts into dealing with happiness, laughter, joy and affection both in humans and other animals (the so-called 'positive psychology'). Most of the 'positive emotions' which are under the psychologists' magnifying glass are also indissolubly linked to play. Every day of our lives is punctuated by play and humour. We play during conversation with friends on the phone or on Skype, or when we post messages on Facebook – frequently inserting a smiling face like this :-) – etc. We play with our conspecifics and also with members of other species. Dogs, cats and even rats can be wonderful playmates. We play because it is pleasurable and rewarding. By social play and humour we experience emotions that can pass individuals' boundaries and create a network of social and affective bonds (Power, 2000). Despite its pervasive nature, play is one of the most mysterious behaviours an ethologist can come across.
The difficulty with studying play behaviour starts with its theoretical definition. In his Confessions (Book 11, Chapter 14), St Augustine pondered the meaning of time, 'Quid ergo est tempus? Si nemo ex me quaerit, scio: si quaerenti explicare velim, nescio' [What is time? If no one asks me, I know. If I want to explain it, I no longer know]. Maybe the frustration experienced by St Augustine is the same as that experienced by most ethologists when dealing with the definition of play (Palagi and Paoli, 2007, 2008). We have no problems in recognising a playful interaction of our dogs, cats and children; however, as we go through the extensive literature dedicated to play we soon realise that there are as many definitions of play as there are the authors who studied it (for an extensive review see Burghardt, 2005). Play has been often defined via litotes, by not specifying what it is but by specifying what it is not. As play lacks certain characteristics that are typical of the serious and functional behaviours, play has been defined as a non-functional behaviour with no obvious immediate benefits (Martin and Caro, 1985; Bekoff and Allen, 1998).
2 - What do you mean? Multimodal communication for a better signal transmission
from Part I - Communication: from sociality to society
Surrounding things transmit their images to the senses and the senses transfer them to the Sensation. Sensation sends them to the Common Sense, and by it they are stamped upon the memory and are there more or less retained according to the importance or force of the impression.
Leonardo Da Vinci, ca. 1510
What is multimodal communication?
The American journalist Sydney Harris briefly and effectively tagged the difference between information and communication. According to common definitions, information refers to facts about a situation, an individual or an event. Communication is 'the process of sharing information, especially when this increases understanding between people or groups' (Cambridge Dictionary) or 'the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium' (Oxford Dictionary). These definitions are centred on human communication when, in fact, communication is a widespread – and necessary – phenomenon spanning the whole animal kingdom. The light pulses of fireflies (Bradbury and Vehrencamp, 1998), the dance of honeybees (von Frisch, 1967; Seeley, 1997), the claw-waving displays of crustaceans (Dingle, 1969), the songs of birds (Vehrencamp, 2000), the alarm calls of different primates (Cheney and Seyfarth, 1990), and the articulate language of humans (Savage-Rumbaugh et al., 1998) are just some examples of information transmission between or among conspecifics.
Communication is an essential prerequisite for sociality and has evolved along with the development of social systems, from the simplest to the most complex (Freeberg et al., 2012). Communication involves the transmission of a signal, which is any action or trait produced by one animal, the sender, that provides information used by another animal, the receiver (Wilson, 1975; Endler, 1993; Hebets and Papaj, 2005). A signal is complex if it can be disassembled into different, single components, each of them able to elicit a response in the receiver. Such a response, of course, can be different from the response elicited by the complex signal. For example, when the telephone rings we stop doing what we are doing to answer. So, the ring has elicited a response in the receiver (us). Once we have picked up the phone, we can just hear a beep sequence if the signal is lost or we can hear the voice of a friend and start a conversation.
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp xxxii-xxxiv
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp xi-xii
8 - Sex is not on discount: mating market and lemurs
If we understand particular exchanges as being the result of a particular social system…it may become clear why exchange is a powerful metaphor for social relationships and their transformation.
Sitta von Reden, 1998
Biological (or pseudo-cultural?) market
It is well known that both Darwin and Wallace were influenced by the work of the economist and demographist Thomas Malthus (An Essay on the Principle of Population, published in 1797) while elaborating their theories on evolution. Probably, the mechanisms underlying the economic system are the outcome of an evolutionary process, which has acted on the biological system and reflects on our behaviour. The analogy between economical and biological systems is not limited to this example. In biology, as well as in economics and politics, power is a key concept for understanding asymmetric relationships between subjects (Dahl, 1957). Distributive power, derived from Russell's definition of social power (1938), focuses upon who has got the power over whom. It can originate from coercion, when an individual can force another to do something, or from leverage, when the use of force is not possible. Specifically, coercive power depends on fear, suppression of free choice and/or use of threat, for its existence. It is normally based on an imbalance of social, psychological and physical power between individuals. Examples of this kind of power are theft with violence to obtain valuable goods (Matsueda et al., 2006), bullying to aggressively impose domination over others (Rayner and Hoel, 1997) and rape (Thornhill and Thornhill, 1983; Emery-Thompson, 2009; Muller and Wrangham, 2009). Human, gorilla, chimpanzee and orangutan males perform sexual coercion over females to obtain forced copulations (Goetz and Shackelford, 2006; Muller and Wrangham, 2009). Wild orangutans provide one of the most dramatic examples of this phenomenon. It has been reported that in this species 'most copulations by subadult males and nearly half of all copulations by adult males occur after the female's fierce resistance has been overcome through violent restraint' (Smuts and Smuts, 1993, p. 6). Sexual coercion is also present in many other animals spanning invertebrates and mammals. It is worth mentioning, among others, that scorpion flies (Thornhill, 1980), guppies (Head and Brooks, 2006), salamanders (Ethan et al., 2006), snakes (Shine and Mason, 2005), mallards (Barash, 1977), bottlenose dolphins (Scott et al., 2005), and a huge variety of non-human primates (Smuts and Smuts, 1993) force their mates into sex.
Part III - Why lemurs keep in touch
A message from Jane Goodall
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp xiii-xiv
In 1960 Dr Louis Leakey, palaeontologist and anthropologist, suggested that I should travel to the Gombe National Park, in what is now Tanzania, to study the behaviour of the chimpanzees there. He believed that apes and humans shared a common ancestor some 6 or 7 million years ago and that an understanding of chimpanzee behaviour in the wild might help him better understand how our prehistoric ancestors may have behaved. Subsequently, when I had been in the field for some 18 months, he arranged for me to go to Cambridge University to work for a PhD (although I had never been to college). In the early sixties ethologists tended to be reductionists, searching for simple explanations for very complex behaviours. When I talked about the Gombe chimpanzees having different personalities, complex cognitive abilities, minds, and emotions such as pleasure and sadness, anger, frustration and so on, I was accused of anthropomorphism as those attributes, I was told, were unique to the human animal. Some scientists were even shocked that I referred to the chimpanzees by names rather than numbers. Fortunately, I had learned from my dog, as a child, that none of that was true.
Since those days the science of animal behaviour has come a long way and there have been many studies of animal cognition, animal emotions and even personality. In other words the sharp line once believed to separate humans from the rest of the animal kingdom was blurred. There was a difference of degree between the behaviour of humans and chimpanzees, but not of kind. Since then other studies have shown that many of the complex behaviours shared by the great apes and humans are present also in monkeys. And during the last decade the barrier between monkeys and lemurs has also been found to be increasingly fragile. Lemurs – the spirits of our ancestors according to some Malagasy traditions – exchange services, suffer and manage anxiety, reconcile, and use play to increase tolerance towards unfamiliar individuals.
Many species of lemurs are extremely endangered, and an understanding of their behaviour, in addition to helping us to understand the origins of some of our own behaviour, is also crucial for determining the best conservation strategies. We need to understand how the lemurs interact with each other and with their forest environment.
1 - Who are you? How lemurs recognise each other in a smell-centred world
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp 3-29
He approached these faces – even of those near and dear – as if they were abstract puzzles or tests. He did not relate to them, he did not behold. No face was familiar to him, seen as a 'thou', being just identified as a set of features, an 'it'. Thus, there was formal, but no trace of personal, gnosis. And with this went his indifference, or blindness, to expression. A face, to us, is a person looking out – we see, as it were, the person through his persona, his face. But for Dr P. there was no persona in this sense – no outward persona, and no person within…His absurd abstractness of attitude…which rendered him incapable of perceiving identity, or particulars, rendered him incapable of judgment.
Oliver Sacks, 1970 (p. 13)
Individual recognition: why and how
Human society is founded on individual recognition. The distinction of 'others from others' rules every aspect of a community, from the personal to the social level. In his 'The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat', Oliver Sacks (1970) stresses how the ability to discern individuals is crucial to make a judgement over them and their true identity. Understanding individuals' uniqueness is pivotal to choose partners and friends, care for family members, vote for a candidate, form political alliances, seal trade agreements, and follow rock icons or religious leaders. Individual recognition is not unique to humans. It is, instead, an ancient cognitive skill shared with other primates and rooted in humans' mammalian history. From lemurs to apes, such ability is critical, for example, to select mates and supporters, form parent–offspring bonds, establish dominance relationships, set up coalitions, exchange or interchange commodities and follow group leaders (Thom and Hurst, 2004). Individual recognition is an excellent example of the cognitive continuity that bridges humans and other primates.
Individuals can be discriminated according to their unique features, or cues. Different from signals, specifically designed to convey information beneficial to the sender (Bradbury and Veherencamp, 1998), cues carry potential information whose relevance depends on the receiver. Paradoxically, the same cue can mean something for one animal and nothing for another which does not read the cue as a cue at all! Consequently, defining a cue is not easy.
Part IV - Closing remarks
Part I - Communication: from sociality to society
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp 1-2
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp i-vi
9 - Understanding lemurs: future directions in lemur cognition
from Part IV - Closing remarks
When we started considering the idea to write this book on lemurs' behaviour in 2010 we thought of making reference to the relatively few experimental studies on lemur cognition in the introduction, mentioning them as a promising novel branch of investigation for strepsirrhines. But over the past few years the research on the subject has blossomed and many articles have been published on scientific journals, converting the lemur cognition domain in one of the most flourishing fields of investigation of primatology, anthropology and comparative psychology. We realised, then, that we could not dismiss cognitive studies with a couple of paragraphs in the introductory section and we decided to reserve the final chapter to the topic, which probably better than others points towards unexplored lemur potentials and future directions for a more comprehensive understanding of the primate world. In the following pages we try to provide the reader with the basic elements that we think are necessary to understand what is going on when lemurs are tested on cognitive tasks. We suggest that the reader uses this chapter for orientation, as a sort of compass to navigate through the different aspects of lemur cognition. If it is of interest, we invite the reader to consult the original papers to gather further details on the experimental apparatuses and procedures.
Manipulative lemurs? Maybe
In her 1966 Science article, Alison Jolly observed that 'some prosimians, the social lemurs, have evolved the usual primate type of society and social learning without the capacity to manipulate objects as monkeys do. It thus seems likely that the rudiments of primate society preceded the growth of primate intelligence, made it possible, and determined its nature'.
As primatological studies have advanced, some evidence of tool manipulation ability, a possible precursor of tool use, has been found in lemurs (for a review see Fichtel and Kappeler, 2010; Schilling, 2013). Only few incidents of spontaneous object manipulation have been observed in the wild. The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis; Figure 9.1) is known for using the probing middle finger for tapping, and extracting nectar, kernels and insects embedded in trees or branches; it can also use the fourth finger for tasks requiring strength, scooping action and deep access (Lhota et al., 2008).
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp vii-viii
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp ix-x
Preface by the authors
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp xviii-xxxi
Diversity organises unity which organises
Edgar Morin, 1977
Theoretical discussion and debate are open on which part of social behaviour is really exclusive of Homo sapiens and other apes, and what, instead, is rooted in the common ground of primate origins. Since the time of our common ancestors, lemurs have been following their own evolutionary pathway to become 'modern primates'. This process, enhanced by Madagascar's isolation from the rest of the world, which started about eighty million years ago, has led lemurs to possess a puzzling combination of features, such as a small brain and communication highly based on smell combined with biological peculiarities, such as female dominance, lack of sexual dimorphism and strict seasonal breeding. On the other hand, group-living lemurs share basic features with social monkeys and apes such as cohesive multimale-multifemale societies, female philopatry and individual recognition. Lemurs are the ideal model to shed light on the 'primate behavioural potential' in terms of conflict management, communication strategies and society building, and on how much these crucial aspects of social living are similar to or different from those found in monkeys, apes and humans. Part of the perceived gap between strepsirrhines and haplorrhines – also mentioned by Alison Jolly and Ian Tattersall in their foreword – probably lies in the divergent research methodologies applied to these two groups. The aim of this book is to review and expand upon the newest fields of research in lemur behavioural biology, including recent analytical approaches that, so far, have been restricted to haplorrhines.
Breaking the wall
Are lemurs primates? This question may sound rhetorical, but unfortunately the answer (yes, they are) cannot be taken for granted.
The idea for this book came to our minds after a few influential Italian anthropologists had questioned the relevance of lemur behavioural studies to the anthropological domain and, therefore, to the understanding of the evolution of human behaviour. Monkeys were discriminated against as well, because – according to these scholars – they did not fit in the discipline, unless direct comparisons with humans were drawn. While the significance of lemurs and monkeys to human evolution was debated (and no consensus reached), apes were automatically included in the anthropological domain, thankfully. Of course the discrimination of strepsirrhines and monkeys was instrumental in favouring other research strains.
3 - A vertical living: sexual selection strategies and upright locomotion
Could our vertical posture have influenced our sexual signals?…
Virtually all the sexual signals…are on the front of the body – the facial expressions, the lips, the beard, the nipples, the areolar signals, the breasts of the female, the pubic hair, the genitals themselves…The frontal approach means that the in-coming sexual signals and rewards are kept tightly linked with the identity signals from the partner.
Desmond Morris, 1967
Upright habits and their impact on sexual signalling
In a number of animal species, it is possible to observe that males and females strongly differ in specific morphological and/or behavioural traits. This phenomenon, called dimorphism, can be largely observed in primates showing male–female differences in parental investment, growth and developmental pattern, body and canine size, scent glands and scent marking behaviour, vocalisation and visual ornaments (e.g., skin colours, flanges and fur). Such sexually dimorphic features are defined as 'secondary' because they are under the hormonal control of primary sexual characters (reproductive organs). Therefore, secondary traits are not primarily involved in the production of offspring. Not only do they not appear to promote the survival of individuals but sometimes they appear to be detrimental to the animal which possesses them; for example, colourful ornaments (such as the notorious peacock tail) can increase animal visibility and predation probability and, consequently, reduce the chances of survival.
Since secondary sexual traits do not confer advantages or produce disadvantages, their evolutionary permanence is in apparent contrast with the classic natural selection theory proposed by Darwin in the Origin of Species (1859). Why have secondary sexual traits been selected, then? To explain this paradox, Darwin (1871) developed the theory of selection in relation to sex (sexual selection) which pivots around the fact that secondary sexual traits confer an advantage with respect of acquiring a mate by intimidating rivals and/or by attracting mates. In this respect, the race to maximise offspring production – promoted by sexual selection – is as important as the race to maximise survival chances – promoted by natural selection. According to a convincing recent theoretical synthesis, sexual selection is part of natural selection (Clutton-Brock, 2004) intended as a process aimed at increasing an animal's chance of surviving and producing the highest number of offspring.
6 - Anxiety…from scratch: emotional response to tense situations
from Part II - How conflicts shape societies
You have probably noticed the ambiguity and vagueness in the use of the word 'anxiety.' Generally one means a subjective condition, caused by the perception that an 'evolution of fear' has been consummated. Such a condition may be called an emotion. What is an emotion in the dynamic sense? Certainly something very complex.
Sigmund Freud, 1969
Stress, anxiety and…evolution
Back in 1872, Darwin, in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, wrote about emotion expression as the possible result of 'the direct action of the excited nervous system on the body independently of the will'. In the whole animal world, bodily movements are able to reveal and unveil emotions not apparent otherwise. In humans, gestures, facial expressions and, more in general, non-verbal behaviours are an integral part of how we express our emotions. Emotions include anxiety, which can be linked to fear, motivational conflict, or uncertainty in decision-making (Morgan, 2006).
Defining anxiety is not easy, as also recognised by Sigmund Freud back in 1920 (see the 1969 edition). Linguistically speaking, anxiety is defined as a '…feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future' or, similarly, 'a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome'. Stress is defined, instead, as 'great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something that causes this condition' or 'a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances' (definitions by Cambridge and Oxford online dictionaries, respectively). From these non-technical definitions, it is possible to infer intuitively that anxiety can be related to stress but also that the difference between stress and anxiety is not clear-cut. Indeed, a plethora of models, theories and hypotheses have been put forth to integrate stress and anxiety into a single framework. However, the behavioural, physiological, psychological and clinical implications of anxiety and stress responses have proven difficult to untangle.
In Homo sapiens, non-human primates and other mammals, anxiety is an emotional state involving tension and/or agitation, with both physiological and behavioural implications (van Riezen and Segal, 1988; Craig et al., 1995; Barros and Tomas, 2002; Bourin et al., 2007). Indeed, anxiety is associated with a characteristic set of behavioural responses, including avoidance, vigilance and arousal, which evolved to protect the individual from danger (Gross and Hen, 2004).
4 - Bossing around the forest: power asymmetry and hierarchy
Print publication: 09 June 2016, pp 77-111
Power must be understood in the first instance as the multiplicity of force relations immanent in the sphere in which they operate and which constitute their own organization: as the process which, through ceaseless struggle and confrontations, transforms, strengthens, or even reverses them; as the support which these force relations find in one another, thus forming a chain or a system, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions which isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect…Power…is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.
Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, 1976
I've got the power!
A society is not the simple sum of single individuals but an emergent property of their multiple and intertwined relationships, which are able to generate complex relational networks. Dominance relationships within social groups can be based upon the ability of using force, individually or by forming coalitions (intrinsic and derived dominance, respectively; Hand, 1986) or upon leverage (when involving inalienable resources that cannot be taken by force; Lewis, 2002), as extensively explained in Chapter 8.
Over the centuries, power has been one of the main subjects of discussion for philosophers from Niccolò Machiavelli in the sixteenth century (e.g., The Prince) to Michel Foucault in the twentieth century (e.g., History of Sexuality and The Subject and Power), men of letters such as Vittorio Alfieri (e.g., Della Tirannide, nineteenth century), contemporary linguists such as Noam Chomsky (e.g., Understanding Power: The Indispensable, 2002) and scientists such as Frans de Waal (e.g., Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes, 1982), to cite a few by heart. Social hierarchies, deriving from the different distribution of power among individuals, drive the behaviour in many species, including humans. History is full of examples of the impact that extreme power imbalance can have on societies. The holocaust, the abduction of Sabine women, and the ancient Egyptian pyramidal hierarchy – from farmers and labourers to the pharaoh – are just some of them. In today's society, a corporation is structured as an organisational chart with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at the root of the hierarchy.
In humans, social position can affect parental investment, and mental and physical health, for example contributing to hypertension, depression and the increase of stress levels (Adler et al., 2000, 2008).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Rare Neurological Diseases Research Meeting
Description: Name: Olivia Chang
Department Head: Dr. Bernard Brais
Meeting Name: Rare Neurological Diseases Research Meeting
Telephone:398-1507
Room: Brain Tumour Research Centre - Bell Room
Start Time: 11:45:00 - Thursday 22 March 2018
End Time: 13:15:00 - Thursday 22 March 2018
AV Support?: AV Activation ONLY
Entry Made By: tony
Last Updated: 15:07:09 - Monday 05 June 2017
Repeat End Date: Thursday 14 June 2018
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In my mind, I don't do anything special; like many others, I procrastinate when I don't want to do something, and I often do the minimum amount of work required, but even that seems to be miraculous to some people.
So, I've had a dig around in my mind and come up with some ideas to help you if you struggle to fit all your jobs into your day.
Each day before you go to bed, make a list of your most important tasks for the following day. Try not to have a list longer than three or four items so it doesn't seem too overwhelming.
Not being a big fan of technology, I use a whiteboard in my kitchen, there to remind me of what I have to do every day. This also means I'm able to tick each item off as I go along, so I can see what I've achieved each day.
2. Book a time for doing this stuff and stick to it!
Make an appointment with yourself and take it seriously. Put it in your diary, on your calendar or kitchen whiteboard; whatever it is your using.
Do the thing you've decided to do when you've planned to do it. Set a time limit if appropriate. All my tasks are booked into 20 and 30 minute slots, making sure that each task seem more doable.
I wrote the bulk of this article to a timer of twenty minutes. Obviously, I needed longer to make it publishable, but in twenty minutes of hard, focused work I was able to produce a fair amount of ideas; a basis on which to structure the article.
You'll be surprised at how much you can get done, with time allotted to focussed work with no interruptions.
Switch off your phone. Disconnect from the internet. Put a 'do-not-disturb' sign on your door. Make sure you won't get distracted.
It's too easy to have a 'quick look' at Facebook or whatever which turns into an hour of talking and looking at rubbish. Don't allow yourself to even have the temptation.
At the end of last year, I had it on my to-do list to sign up for someone else's affiliate programme, something that would have taken me just a few minutes.
Ironically, the fact that it would take such a short time contributed to my procrastination. 'It will only take five minutes, I'll do it tomorrow', I told myself. Every day, I said the same.
Finally, I had to ask myself why I was putting off such a simple task.
I wondered if perhaps I was afraid of abundance; maybe I didn't feel right receiving money for doing nothing.
As soon as I had this thought, I got my act together and set my account up. And it took less than five minutes.
As well as having a daily to-do list, I've also started making one for each month. One item on my list for January was to start a workshop; something I've never done before and which scares me. A lot.
Despite my fears, I was super keen and the first week of the month was taken up by busily planning a four week course.
Well, January has come and gone and the workshop still hasn't happened.
That was it. For something so scary for me, I needed to break it down and identify the first step to getting it done.
For me, it was contacting a friend who said she knew other people who were interested, then identifying where it would be.
Now my task for February reads: Set a date. Much less intimidating.
Breaking the biggies up into smaller chunks makes the task seem more manageable and significantly less daunting.
I've only recently discovered the importance of rewarding yourself for getting things done.
A little over a year ago, I did a course in which we were told to treat ourselves each week. I never did. I always planned to but then forgot and decided it didn't matter.
More recently, I did an online writing course where we were again told to reward ourselves towards the end. This time I bought myself a piano!
Your reward or celebration needn't be as big or expensive as mine; it could be relaxing with a cuppa or going on holiday, but it's important for your own self-worth to acknowledge the work you've done, and a reward will also give you an incentive to keep going when things get tough.
Above all, remember that it's not a race; do what you can in a day and give yourself a break.
With each action taken and with task ticked, the closer you'll be to your goal.
Louise Watson is the author of 'Stop Making Your Life a Misery' and 'Shy Altitude'. She also writes about issues connected to personal development at www.louisemwatson.com.


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Describe the security methods and controls that need to be implemented in order to ensure compliance with these standards and regulatory requirements.
This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a written paper and a PowerPoint presentation. You must submit both sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for.
In the day-to-day operations of information security, security professionals often focus the majority of their time dealing with employee access issues, implementing security methods and measures, and other day-to-day tasks. They often neglect legal issues that affect information security. As a result, organizations often violate security-related regulations and often have to pay heavy fines for their non-compliance. Thus, as a Chief Information Officer in a government agency, you realize the need to educate for senior leadership on some of the primary regulatory requirements, and you realize the need to ensure that the employees in the agency are aware of these regulatory requirements as well.
Section 1: Written Paper
1. Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
a. Provide an overview that will be delivered to senior management of regulatory requirements the agency needs to be aware of, including:
i. FISMA
ii. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
iii. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
iv. PCI DSS
v. HIPAA
vi. Intellectual Property Law
b. Describe the security methods and controls that need to be implemented in order to ensure compliance with these standards and regulatory requirements.
c. Describe the guidance provided by the Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and other agencies for ensuring compliance with these standards and regulatory requirements.
d. Use at least five (5) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your written paper must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
Section 2: PowerPoint Presentation
2. Create an eight to ten (8-10) slide security awareness PowerPoint presentation that will be presented to the agency's employees, in which you:
a. Include an overview of regulatory requirements and employee responsibilities, covering:
Your PowerPoint presentation must follow these formatting requirements:
Include a title slide, six to eight (6-8) main body slides, and a conclusion slide.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the concept of privacy and its legal protections.
Describe legal compliance laws addressing public and private institutions.
Analyze intellectual property laws.
Examine the principles requiring governance of information within organizations.
Use technology and information resources to research legal issues in information security.
Write clearly and concisely about information security legal issues and topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.


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DefTone Pictures Studios has a signed Distribution deal with Phoenix Group Releasing for Alien Invasion film Ombis
DefTone Pictures Studios Inc has signed a distribution deal with Phoenix Group Releasing to release upcoming science fiction horror film entitled Ombis. Ombis is directed by Adam R Steigert and stars Richard Satterwhite, Jason John Beebe, Sarah Manzella, Michael Sciabarrasi, Kathy Murphy, Alexander Sloan Mcbryde, and introduces Rich Winiatowski and Aryn Fitzgerald.
Ombis' story focuses on peaceful, rustic Metzburgh which is a former industrial town whose glory days are long past after the collapse of Metzburgh Grain. Mark Lowe (Jason John Beebe) and his ex-girlfriend Lucy Greenheart (Sarah Manzella) are stuck in a lovers quarrel when a meteorite crash lands in the quiet community. Glen (Robert Bozek ), an ex-employee of the grain silos who became homeless after the collapse of the mills, stumbles upon the fiery crash. Unaware that his find could be dangerous, he gets too close and a chemical poison sprays out of the meteorite, enveloping him. The chemical agent known as Ombis begins to turn his insides into a slimly substance. Unable to stop the spread of the infection, the townsfolk begin to be overrun by the virus and the collateral damage begins to add up. A special containment team shows up to try and keep order and contain the plague. The human struggle of the residents of Metzburgh and their fight for survival then begins as the village is overrun with the alien invasion and the mutated humans that it creates.
Currently DefTone Pictures Studios Inc and Phoenix Group Releasing aren't publishing a release date for the film. However, they are in talks to release the film domestically and to the foreign market in the middle of the 2013. This bumps up DefTone Pictures Studios Inc's original release date of October 13, 2013 which the studio set in 2011 prior to the Phoenix Group Releasing acquiring the Ombis for distribution. Phoenix Group Releasing shares a direct relationship with Broadcast Cable/Sat operators for PPV/VOD in North America that covers more than 80 million homes and are very active in major markets such as AFM, MIPCOM, CANNES and NAPTE, as well as screening invitations to more than 1,000 film and programming buyers around the world. So the chances that the epic alien invasions begin in 2013 are only going to be that much easier!
Until the release date has been confirmed by DefTone Pictures Studios Inc and Phoenix Group Releasing enjoy this newly released clip from the film which DefTone Pictures Studios Inc stated they would release as part of their continuing campaign to release the film to the public.
www.Ombismovie.com
www.phoenixgroupreleasing.com
www.deftonepicturesstudios.com
Labels: Jason John Beebe, Robert Bozek, Sarah Manzella


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Home/Games/LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga Review
LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga Review
Fry Electronics TeamApril 5, 2022
Adventure. Excitement. A Jedi does not crave these things. If that's the case, then all Jedi should probably cancel their pre-orders for LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga, as this dazzling new addition to the long-running LEGO series of Traveller's Tales games has brought both adventure and excitement in abundance. With stunning set pieces from all nine Star Wars main films, and a surprising number of iconic planetary hubs to freely explore in between, The Skywalker Saga is a groundbreaking blockbuster executed with a goofy charm that made me droid-happy in a hot oil bath.
In a dramatic departure from the zoomed-out camera perspective of previous LEGO titles, The Skywalker Saga features a narrower, over-the-shoulder third-person view typical of Gears of War or Uncharted, and brings with it far more control over your attacks. Lightsabers can boomerang and crates can be force-shoved with satisfying precision, and a simple combo system lets you launch enemies into the air with ease to juggle a volley of saber swings. Fighting as a Jedi or Sith may not have the depth of Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order, but it's still fast, fluid, and feels awesome.
When controlling a character equipped with a blaster, you now have the ability to take cover behind walls and other objects to fend off your enemies from afar, and switch between cover positions with the press of a button. (A similar cover-based mechanic was featured in LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2016, but only in certain sections of a level). I love the nice touch of this system, that you can quickly rebuild broken cover (as well as enemies), but other than a few specific boss fights, I hardly felt the need to actually hide behind anything. In The Skywalker Saga, the combination of a constantly charging health bar and the authentic inaccuracy of each Stormtrooper's shots meant there was rarely any risk in taking a run-and-gun approach. I certainly still enjoyed the gunplay in The Skywalker Saga, but more for its flashy spectacle than its shallow attempts at strategy.
LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga review screenshots
The new close-up perspective not only makes you feel even more immersed in the action, but also leads to a greater appreciation of how realistically each individual LEGO brick is rendered. 2021's Hot Wheels Unleashed set a new standard for high-fidelity virtual plastic, and The Skywalker Saga certainly fits right down to the final plastic stitching and textured hairpieces, with paint on minifigures convincingly chipping after prolonged use as if they were much – beloved toy. Absolutely every LEGO creation looks so eerily lifelike that when you shoot an immaculately assembled 1000 piece Tie Fighter out of the sky you can almost hear the cries of pain from the parents who spent their whole Sunday afternoon helping their child build it.
Farce awakens
The LEGO games have always brought a Spaceballs-style goofiness to their recreations of iconic Star Wars scenes, and The Skywalker Saga is no different, consistently seeking the lighter side of the Force even in the darkest of situations. Whether it's Emperor Palpatine and Darth Vader discussing the new Death Star while rows of Stormtroopers tip over clumsily like dominoes in the background, or a confused Darth Sidious accidentally issues the 67 order instead of 66, forcing all clone troopers to spontaneously join the disco Starting out dancing rather than committing mass murder of the Jedi, The Skywalker Saga consistently finds a way to gently mock its source material, with wonderfully absurd and hilarious results. Amazingly, even the events of The Rise of Skywalker are a lot more fun when they're intentionally ridiculous as opposed to accidentally.
Even the events of The Rise of Skywalker are a lot more fun when they're intentionally ridiculous as opposed to accidentally.
It's not just The Skywalker Saga's sense of humor that grabbed me, but also the variety of missions. While never quite as daring or inventive as 2021's It Takes Two, the 45 main story levels constantly change things up so the action never gets boring. The Skywalker saga is capable of delivering mindless carnage on a massive scale, like when the Battle of Naboo momentarily blossoms into an exciting game of tower defense and you gleefully hurl energy balls from Gungan catapults to blast hordes of droids and assault tanks of the to decimate the Trade Federation. However, it can also be more focused and cerebral when Rey enters the Mirror Cave on Temple Island, for example, and you play her reflections carefully to reach the exit portal switches.
This is of course still on top of the fan-friendly standards, and The Skywalker Saga does indeed feature levels designed for high-speed podracing, X-wing trench runs, and all the essential lightsaber duels you would expect. But even in the most intimate moments, the campaign still packs a punch because it's so smooth to the touch and such a stunning sight to behold. The only snag is that strict adherence to a cinematic style of presentation can sometimes seem a bit too rigid. For example, in one of the boss fights against Kylo Ren, I had his health bar reduced to zero, but the fight randomly continued for another minute so I could slog through the remaining Quicktime events.
R2 redirect
Each story mission is connected through surprisingly large nodes, located on around 20 different planets, from the sandy streets of Mos Eisley on Tatooine to the polished surfaces of Coruscant's financial district and everywhere in between. These open areas are full of hidden Kyber Bricks to collect by solving various environmental puzzles, and although you'll see some repeated challenges across the galaxy – crate stacking to find Kyber Bricks floating in the air Seems to be a popular quest no matter what planet you're on – there are plenty of other fun little surprises you can stumble upon along the way. I particularly enjoyed the lemming-inspired challenge on Kamino, which required me to adjust a number of platforms to prevent an unfortunate clone from shuffling to its doom, or arrange a chorus of Wookiees on Kashyyyk to create an interpretation yawning furiously at John Williams' signature score.
Collected Kyber Stones serve as currency that can be invested in upgrades in addition to studs – either core perks shared by all characters or class-specific enhancements. While many of the core upgrades seemed like a no-brainer to me, like expanding the radius at which your character automatically sucks up fallen studs or increasing the speed at which he builds objects, the vast majority of the class-specific perks seemed unnecessary since The Skywalker Saga difficulty is way too easy already. What incentive is there to give bounty hunters the ability to spot enemies through walls when I can easily take down anyone on the other side with a few blaster bolts, even if they jump at me?
The Skywalker saga is beginning to resemble some sort of adorable Mass Effect for minifigures.
While I mostly stayed on target and focused on the main mission path, after completing all of the story missions, I still spent a couple of hours revisiting my favorite locations and completing side missions to unlock additional characters and then turn them in and out my exchange travel group to use their unique skills to solve specific problems. In those moments, when you're jetting from one solar system to the next, descending onto a planet's surface to do odd jobs for the local populace, The Skywalker Saga begins to resemble a sort of delightful minifigure Mass Effect. And if you're tired of exploring the richness of planets and moving on action platforms, you can always choose your favorite spaceship and jet into orbit for impromptu dogfights. There really is an incredible amount to do in The Skywalker Saga and despite the fact that I've put in over 20 hours into the game I feel like I've only just scratched the surface – there seems to be enough collectible LEGO Vehicles and minifigures in here to fill several hundred letters to Santa Claus.
Failure of the Dagobah system
The one Star Destroyer-sized flaw in my experience with The Skywalker Saga was the bug I encountered that made it impossible to continue the story of the prequel trilogy beyond Attack of the Clones. When playing on Xbox Series X I experienced a crash when attempting to start a mission hunt for Jango Fett and when I restarted The Skywalker Saga this mission marker was gone from the map and menus without seeming to be able to was to trigger them again. Since you can jump in and out of any episode and play the three trilogies in any order, I was still able to complete Episodes IV through IX with my original save, but I had to create a new game to play through Episodes I through III, where the gamebreaking bug was fortunately no longer present. (At the time of writing this article, the developer has informed me that they are working on a patch to avoid the problem.)
I've also noticed some slight issues with The Skywalker Saga's drop-in/drop-out local co-op. Of the nine episodes, I played about half of them alone and the other half with my son as a co-op partner. All in all, I had a lot more fun with a second player on board and the comedic chaos it created, but the limited field of view within the confines of the vertical split-screen made combat feel a little imprecise and exploration a little more confusing. Also, one player always seemed to get the rough end of the gaffi stick in the story mode boss fights, being relegated to the role of a comparatively impotent companion droid while the other player indulged in a spectacular lightsaber duel. During one phase of the climatic confrontation between Obi-Wan and Anakin on the molten surface of Mustafar, I spent a considerable amount of time as C-3PO, stranded as a spectator on a floating platform while all the action unfolded below. It made me feel a little C-3PO'd.
https://www.ign.com/articles/legostarwarstheskywalkersagareview LEGO Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga Review
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Stanford Names Dr. Electron Kebebew Chief of General Surgery
Published by Tadias Magazine January 13th, 2018	in Featured and News. Closed
The Stanford University Department of Surgery has announced that Dr. Electron Kebebew will be the next chief of general surgery effective March 1, 2018. (Courtesy photo)
New York (TADIAS) — This coming Spring Ethiopian American Dr. Electron Kebebew will assume his new post as Chief of General Surgery at Stanford University's Department of Surgery in Palo Alto, California.
Stanford is one of the top universities in America and one of the world's leading teaching and research institutions.
In a statement the Chair of the University's Department of Surgery Dr. Mary Hawn said: "I'm thrilled to have Dr. Kebebew join Stanford Surgery in this important leadership role as chief of general surgery. Dr. Kebebew is an internationally-renowned endocrine surgeon whose research has changed the way we treat patients with endocrine cancers. He is the consummate surgeon, scientist and leader and will bring our program to new heights."
The press release notes that "Kebebew received his Bachelor's degree from the University of California, Los Angeles, in chemical engineering. He completed his medical training, surgical residency and NCI T32 surgical oncology basic science fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Since 2012, he has served as inaugural chief of newly-established endocrine oncology branch at the National Cancer Institute."
"This is a great opportunity to be part of a dynamic surgical department," said Kebebew. "I am excited to make Stanford's division a world leader in general surgery subspecialty care and research that impacts patient care."
According to Stanford: "Kebebew has published more than 300 articles, chapters and textbooks and has received awards from the American Cancer Society, American Association for Cancer Research, American Thyroid Association, American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, and International Association of Endocrine Surgeons. His current research focuses on the genetic/genomic changes associated with endocrine cancers with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic targets and novel anticancer agents for endocrine cancers, and diagnostic and prognostic markers for endocrine tumors."
Kebebew succeeds Dr. Jeffrey Norton, who has led the Division of General Surgery since 2006.
"Dr. Kebebew is perfect fit for this position because of his prior experience as leader of a very successful branch at the [National Cancer Institute], his record of cutting-edge research in endocrine oncology and his plan for programmatic development in endocrine oncology in the Cancer Center here at Stanford," said Norton. "He is an extremely bright, accomplished surgeon and a true leader in surgery."


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DENNIS JOSEPH MILLER
Dennis Joseph Miller, 85, of Caledonia died Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012 at Caledonia Care and Rehab in Caledonia. He was born on November 13, 1927 in Melrose, MN to Leo and Isabella (Salchert) Miller. His family moved to Caledonia, MN in 1943 when his father accepted a position as Houston County Welfare Director. Dennis attended schools in Melrose, MN, Loretto High School, Caledonia, MN, and St. John's University, Collegeville, MN. He married Alice Marie Esch on August 13, 1955 at St. John the Baptist Catholic Church in Caledonia. Dennis was a Veteran of WWII, serving as a paratrooper in the U.S. Army, 11th Airborne Division in Japan. After his discharge from the service, he was employed through the years by the National Advertising Co., the Marnarch Beverage Company and Trane Company. He purchased a café from Herbie and Winnie Dunn and later sold it to Carl and Dorothy Schroeder. He went on to further his education in accounting at the International Accountants School, Chicago, IL and then worked in the offices of Wynn Stave Company and Link Bros. Construction. In 1965, he opened a privately owned business as an accountant, tax preparer, and insurance agent. He worked up to the time of his stroke in March, 2009. He was a member of St. Mary's Catholic Church; Loveless-Eiken American Legion Post #191 and the 11th Airborne Division Association. Dennis enjoyed his family and grandchildren. He liked hunting, fishing, and playing golf. He also liked to cook, play a good card game and go to the Marquette Iowa Casino. Dennis is survived by his wife, Alice; six children, Denise (Tony) Stachnik, Rochester, MN; Daniel Jay Miller, Caledonia; Darla (Tim) Schuck, Cheltenham, PA; Dean (Karen) Miller, Osseo, MN; Diane (Daryl) Vonderohe, Caledonia, MN; and Dawn (Erik) Junkunc, Libertyville, IL.;grandchildren: Jessica (Eric) Servais, Emily (Paul) Zygmunt, John Stachnik; Danielle Schuck; Andrew, Ashley, and Kyle Junkunc; Derek and Devin Vonderohe. Two sisters: Joanne (Walter) Powers, Kettering, OH and Mildred Boling, Grand Junction, CO. One brother, Donald (Rita) Miller, Belton, MO. A sister-in-law, Margie (Odell) Bratland West Palm Beach, FL; two brothers-in-law: Myles(Marlene) Esch, Caledonia, MN and Mark (Janice) Esch, Shakopee, MN as well as several nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his parents, a sister and brother-in-law, Lorraine and Bob Chappie; and his brothers, David and Thomas. A Mass of Christian Burial will be at 10:30 am, Tues., Dec. 4th at St. Mary's Catholic Church, Caledonia. Father Gregory Leif will officiate and burial with military honors will be in Calvary Cemetery, Caledonia. .Visitation will be from 4 to 7 pm, …………….Mon. at McCormick Funeral Home, 205 E. Main, Caledonia, where a prayer service will be at 7 pm. Visitation will also be from 9:30-10:30 am Tues. morning before the service at the church.
Dennis Joseph Miller, 85, of Caledonia died Thursday, Nov. 29, 2012 at Caledonia Care and Rehab in Caledonia. He was born on November 13, 1927 in Melrose, MN to Leo and Isabella (Salchert) Miller. His family moved to Caledonia, MN in 1943 when... View Obituary & Service Information
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In the presence of Param Pujya Pramukh Swami Maharaj, 543 dedicated volunteers (375 men and 168 women) from BAPS centers outside Gujarat participated in the Divya Sannidhi Parva from 24-27 July 2003.
Active in the Children's, Youth and Women's Wings of the Sanstha, these dedicated volunteers had come from 14 states representing 110 different centers, such as, Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Patna, Raipur, Kolkata, Akola, Chandrapur, Nagpur, Bhopal, Sihor, Nasik, Pune, Barsi, Aurangabad, Dhuliya, Amalner, Sangli, Secunderabad, Nizamabad, Coimbatore, Chennai, Trivendrum, Pondicherry, New Delhi and others.
Based on the theme 'Sol Ani Satsang' - 100% Satsang - a variety of mutimedia presentations, speeches, skits, discussions, as well as question-answer sessions, guided the volunteers towards attaining greater spiritual heights.
Daily, throughout the 4-day shibir Swamishri presided over the morning and evening sessions, giving his blessings and inspiring the volunteers. In these sessions several entertaining and specially prepared theme-oriented programs were presented by volunteers from different states, incorporating the culture and uniqueness of that particular state. The volunteers also enjoyed the darshan of Swamishri during his routine daily walks, puja and at meal times, during which volunteers sang devotional songs and presented reports of the Satsang activities in progress in their region. Over 25 sadhus, including, Pujya Mahant Swami, Pujya Dr. Swami, Pujya Tyagvallabh Swami and Pujya Viveksagar Swami were present to guide the volunteers.
The shibir, coordinated by the sadhus and volunteers from the Satsang Pravrutti Central Office in Amdavad, was an enlightening, inspiring and memorable experience for all.


As a traditional Tyrolean company we have been working with passion and conviction for nearly 100 years to produce high quality, sustainable and natural sheep wool slippers. Since 1926, Gottstein means noble wool and felt goods and is now owned by the 3rd generation. Our products reflect our commitment to nature and to the highest quality. Therefore we produce our noble felt slippers, felt clogs and boiled wool slippers exclusively with natural materials and directly in Austria. We give our best every day to produce the finest and most natural slippers in the world. Discover the diversity of our products in our online shop.
Our natural felt slippers convince with their perfect fit and unique look.
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Kids slippers with funny animal and scary motives in different colors available for the whole family.
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Private Labeling is a great opportunity for customers/companies to customize slippers or felt accessoires for their own company. We are happy tp develop individual solutions for your company in cooperation with you.


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Tuesday 26 July '11 show notes
Is right wing rhetoric in America fueling Christian terrorism around the world?
Don Rojas, Free Speech TV. News from the NAACP conference in L.A.
Peter Ferrara, The American Civil Rights Union (ACRU).
Monday 25 July '11 show notes
Right-wing Terrorism...
Republican right wing debt ceiling circus
Frank Schaeffer, author, "Crazy for God". Christian Jihad? Why We Should Worry About Right-Wing Terror Attacks Like Norway's in the US.
Bill Pascoe, Citizens for the Republic.
Welcome to the next Great Depression...
After Democrats said a short-term debt-limit deal that kicks the can down the road to be picked up again 6-months from now in the middle of an election season is a NON-STARTER – guess what Speaker of the House John Boehner did yesterday? He released a short-term debt-limit deal that kicks the can down the road to be picked up again 6-months from now in the middle of an election season. That's right – a few days after Boehn
Daily Topics - Tuesday July 26th, 2011
Hour One: Is right wing rhetoric in America fueling Christian terrorism around the world?
Norway is in mourning after Friday's terrorist attacks that killed more than 90 people – including more than 80 people gunned down on a remote island campsite. Shortly after the attack – Conservatives here in the United States pointed to Norway's lack of a state security complex as a reason why they were vulnerable to a terrorist attack. But now we realize Islamic terror had nothing to do with Friday's chaos in the Nordic
Daily Topics - Monday July 25th, 2011
Daily Topics - Friday July 22nd, 2011
Are we seeing the "shock doctrine" at work in the debt-limit debate?
Congressman Peter DeFazio, (D-OR, 4th District). Gang of Six details.
Shane Brooks. "From Tea to Coffee to Democracy 2.0".
Franco Ripple, Florida Young Democrats. Protest at Rep.


Just like the word sounds, it indicates behavior that is morally justifiable or right. Comes from the English word "rightwise," meaning in the right way.
tsedeq/tsedaqah – honesty, justice, merits, right, righteousness, righteous acts/deeds, vindication. It is a diving attribute and one that humans should strive to develop.
dikaiosune – used to describe conduct in relation to others, especially in business or legal matters. Frequently used as an indication that one is innocent of a crime of which they have been accused. Contrasted with wickedness.
The same word is also translated as "justification," showing that the two English words, righteousness and justification, refer to two sides of the same idea and are very closely related.
How does righteousness differ from holiness?
The meaning of holiness is associated with being separated or called out. We are called out to be a righteous people, so the words overlap in meaning, but differ in emphasis.
What are "faith-based" and "works-based" righteousness, and what is up with the big discussion surrounding them?
(James 2:10) if you stumble in one point, you are guilty of breaking the whole law.
So how do we reconcile this with verses on the importance of righteous actions on our part?
(1 Peter 3:12) "For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer. But the face of the Lord is against those who do evil." The righteous and "those who do evil" are separate groups of people. It appears that you cannot be both.
Why are these verses in the Bible? What do they tell us?
Can I be kept out of heaven for being unrighteous, even if I am a baptized believer?
In other words, they need to make things right with God by changing their actions, or else.
What is it that they need to repent of, and how will they know when they have repented? What punishment follows if they do not?
(1 Corinthians 6:9) a whole list of people who do certain actions will not inherit the kingdom of God.
What are the main components of day-to-day righteous living?
(Genesis 39:6-10) Joseph did the right thing despite consequences.
What are some common but meaningful examples of doing the right thing?
Giving back too much change… etc.
What is "righteous indignation" and should I have it?
(Psalm 7:11) "God is a righteous judge, and a God who feels indignation every day." An anger which is right to have.
This entry was posted in Bible Study, Word Study and tagged Faith, Holiness, Justification, law, Poor, right, rightwise, Rigtheousness, Works by alancantrell. Bookmark the permalink.


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Israel's apartheid wall (photo by Justin McIntosh via Wikimedia Commons)
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Q: How to fill the area below a path in Quartz 2D? I am using Quartz 2D in a UIView object to draw several curves, like this example:

This is the code I have right now (I have omitted the calculation of control points and other stuff):
for (int i = 1; i < points.count; ++i) {
  CGContextMoveToPoint(context, previousXValue, previousYValue);
  CGContextAddCurveToPoint(context,
    firstControlPointXValue, firstControlPointYValue,
    secondControlPointXValue, secondControlPointYValue,
    xValue, yValue
  );

  // CGContextFillPath(context);
  CGContextStrokePath(context);
}

Now I would like to fill the area below the curve, but if I use CGContextFillPath the result is the following:

which makes sense, because according to Quartz 2D documentation:

When you fill the current path, Quartz acts as if each subpath contained in the path were closed. It then uses these closed subpaths
  and calculates the pixels to fill.

Then I tried to move the path to the lower right corner and close the path, but the fill method doesn't have any effect:
CGContextMoveToPoint(context, rect.size.width, rect.size.height);
CGContextClosePath(context);
CGContextFillPath(context);

How could I fill the whole area below the curve and not just the subarea closed in every subpath?
EDIT:
I have found a temporary solution: drawing a shape using the curve and two vertical lines on each subpath:
for (int i = 1; i < points.count; ++i) {
  // Draw the curve
  CGContextMoveToPoint(context, previousXValue, previousYValue);
  CGContextAddCurveToPoint(context,
    firstControlPointXValue, firstControlPointYValue,
    secondControlPointXValue, secondControlPointYValue,
    xValue, yValue
  );
  CGContextStrokePath(context);

  // Draw a shape using curve's initial and final points
  CGContextMoveToPoint(context, previousXValue, rect.size.height);
  CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, previousXValue, previousYValue);
  CGContextAddCurveToPoint(context,
    firstControlPointXValue, firstControlPointYValue,
    secondControlPointXValue, secondControlPointYValue,
    xValue, yValue
  );
  CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, xValue, rect.size.height);
  CGContextFillPath(context);
}

I don't know if this is overkill, so improvements are also welcomed. Besides, I'm getting this result:

Note that vertical lines appear as a result of drawing the subareas next to each other. How can that be avoided?

A: The idea is right, but you should not fill the individual curves, but rather, create a single path and then fill that. So, start with CGContextMoveToPoint to the lower left corner, CGContextAddLineToPoint to your first point, do the CGContextAddCurveToPoint for all of the curves, and at the end, do a CGContextAddLineToPoint to the lower right corner (and you might as well do a CGContextClosePath for good measure).
This is a simplified example, where I just have an array of points, but it illustrates the idea:
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect
{
    if (!self.points)
        [self configurePoints];

    DataPoint *point;

    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

    CGColorRef color = [[UIColor redColor] CGColor];
    CGContextSetStrokeColorWithColor(context, color);
    CGContextSetFillColorWithColor(context, color);

    point = self.points[0];

    CGContextMoveToPoint(context, point.x, self.bounds.size.height);
    CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, point.x, point.y);

    for (point in self.points)
    {
        // you'd do your CGContextAddCurveToPoint here; I'm just adding lines
        CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, point.x, point.y);
    }

    point = [self.points lastObject];
    CGContextAddLineToPoint(context, point.x, self.bounds.size.height);
    CGContextClosePath(context);

    CGContextDrawPath(context, kCGPathFillStroke);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sea has always been one of the most exciting places to be at during one's holidays. This can be both a sea holiday spent actually at sea on a ship as well as a holiday spend at a hospitality establishment which is located close to the sea. Both can offer the best excitement and entertainment for anyone interested in those options.
Before you choose any of the number of options and deals which come under this holiday option you need to first find a way to make sure the deals you see are ones you can trust. The best way to do that is getting your deals through a reliable trip organizer.
Going on a cruise on one of the luxury liveaboards is not something exclusive for some people. This option is now more than ever possible for a lot of people. Since there is a lot of competition among cruise ship lines about getting more people to go with them, you are going to get the chance to have some pretty exciting deals which are going to make you very happy.
A great cruise is not just about sailing on the sea. It is also experiencing a kind of a lifestyle you would normally experience at a hotel on land. There are chances to mingle with other people, eat really great food, get some entertainment with bands and such if they are available and also engage in exciting sea activities such as underwater swimming.
If you manage to find one of the best hotels in the seaside such as the Manado Indonesia dive resorts you are going to have a great time there. Sometimes it can be even better than going on any cruise. This is again going to be an opportunity to spend some relaxing time in rooms full of all the facilities, amazing opportunity to enjoy local as well as international cuisine, do some pretty exciting underwater swimming and visit special places in the surrounding area.
If you find a really good tour organizer you will be able to try both of these options in due time as they will have some of the best deals out there to offer to you. With such options you will have the chance to spend a holiday doing something you truly enjoy, being mesmerized by the scenery and not worrying about the expense you have to bear. Your tour organizer will make all the arrangements saving you from going through all the bookings and such.


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Olentangy teens create movement against bullying
Written By Yaves
According to 10TV
Three teenagers from Olentangy Liberty High School are advocating for change after going through personal trials.
Harshita Ray, 16, Chloe Noren, 17 and Olivia Ball, 17, met each other for the first time, of all places, in a psych ward.
"The three of us, we got together because the three of us had attempted suicide," Ball said.
Around the same time, they say Jacob Bice, a freshman at the school took his own life. They say the reason was believed to be bullying.
"It's bad," Ray said of bullying. "It's bad. I mean, you can look at Jacob and see what bullying does to people. It drives them to suicide. It drives them to thinking that they're isolated. that they're by themselves."
But they're not by themselves.
It's why the girls started the You Are Not Alone campaign, a page on Instagram to let other people know they are not alone in the fight against mental illness, eating disorders and bullying.
Noren says the page has helped be an outlet for others.
"People are sending in things I never knew a thing about their mental illness, until they sent it in and had the courage for us to post it out there," Noren said.
They're the face of change. They're the voice of change.
The girls spoke to the issues at the 10TV live broadcast, "Hear Me Now," Tuesday night.
"If adults aren't willing to take a step in bringing that change, I don't see why the three of us could do something when we have dealt with the problem first hand," Ray said.
And by helping others, they're helping themselves.
"I've learned to love these two more than I thought I could love anyone," Noren said."
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