本发明提供了一种用于在定位确定手段中使用的无线终端和在无线终端中的方法,该定位确定手段使用在蜂窝网络中的无线终端和多个基站之间的到达时间估计。 The present invention provides a means for determining the positioning of the wireless terminal and a method used in a wireless terminal, the arrival time difference between the location determination means in a cellular network using radio terminals and a plurality of base station estimates. 该方法包括:接收来自服务基站的辅助数据,该辅助数据用于在接收位置基准信号中进行使用,该位置基准信号用于确定相对于时间基准的来自该多个基站的一个或多个位置基准信号的到达时间,其中,该辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在该列表中的每个基站是要作为多个基站中的一部分被使用或被排除使用的一个,该多个基站的一部分用于接收位置基准信号并且确定该接收到的位置基准信号的到达时间估计。 The method comprising: receiving assistance data from the serving base station, the auxiliary data for the reference signal used in the receiving position, the reference position for determining the relative position of the reference signal to a time reference from said plurality of base stations or more arrival time of the signal, wherein the auxiliary data comprises a list of base stations, each base station includes in the list is to be used as part of the plurality of base stations being used or exclude the use of one, a portion of the plurality of base stations for receiving a position reference signal and determining the arrival time of the reference signal received location estimate. 然后,针对多个基站的每一个来接收位置基准信号,其中,对于多个基站中的每一个,确定相应的接收到的位置基准信号的每一个的到达时间估计。 Then, for each of a plurality of receiving a position reference signal of the base station, wherein, for each of a plurality of base stations, determining a respective time of arrival of each of the reference signal received location estimate. 然后,多个基站的每一个的该到达时间估计被转发到定位确定实体。 Then, each of the plurality of base stations has an estimated arrival time is transferred to the location determination entity.
 本发明一般地涉及对在蜂窝无线通信网络中的移动订户的定位的确定。  The present invention relates generally to the determination of the location of the mobile subscriber in a cellular radio communication network of. 更具体地,本发明涉及对位置基准信号的接收以及在确定来自多个基站中的每一个的各个信号的到达时间中所使用的辅助数据的接收的管理。 More particularly, the present invention relates to the reception of the reference position signal and the received management assistance in determining time of arrival data from each signal for each of the plurality of base stations used.
 对于诸如对于蜂窝电话、个人数字助理(PDA)和便携式计算机以及其他设备的一些电子设备来说,定位确定正在成为越来越重要的能力。  For some electronic devices such as cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDA) and portable computers and other devices, the position determination is becoming increasingly important capability. 独立于与知道一个人的当前定位相关联的直接益处,许多供应商正在引进或考虑基于定位的服务或请求(solicitation), 该基于定位的服务或请求可以被选择性地提供给电子装置的用户,并且取决于装置的当前和/或预期定位。 Independent of the user to know a person's current location is directly associated benefits, many vendors are introducing or considering location-based services or request (solicitation), the location-based service request or can be selectively provided to the electronic device current and / or anticipated and depends on the positioning device. 政府机构正在托管与便携式电子设备相关的其他基于定位的特征和/或能力。 Government agencies are hosting other location-based features and / or capabilities associated with the portable electronic device. 已经由美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)托管的基于定位的特征的一个这样的示例包括称为E911的特征。 Has been hosted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on one such exemplary positioning feature includes a feature called E911.
 与支持各种基于定位的特征和服务相结合,已经开发了许多不同的技术,该技术意在支持进行定位确定。  a variety of location-based features and services combined with support, has developed a number of different technology, which is intended to support location determination. 每个技术具有不同程度的精度、时间、支持的基础结构要求和成功率。 Each technique with varying degrees of accuracy, time, and the required infrastructure to support the success rate. 例如,各种技术通常利用基于地面的基准定位,诸如一个或多个基站;不基于地面的基准定位,诸如一个或多个轨道卫星;或二者的组合。 For example, various techniques typically utilize ground-based reference locations, such as one or more base stations; not ground-based reference location, such as one or more orbiting satellite; or combinations of both. 许多技术利用对相对于多个基准定位的位置关系的度量,不论该度量是可以直接或间接识别或推断的距离、方向或二者。 Many techniques of using a positional relationship of the plurality of positioning reference measure, whether the metric is identified, directly or indirectly, or inferred from, or both directions. 在许多情况下,位置关系可以从对从多个基准定位源发的接收到的基准信号的分析来得到。 In many cases, the positional relationship can be obtained from the analysis of the received reference signal sent from a plurality of positioning reference sources. 各种技术和/或确定手段的示例包括全球定位系统的使用,该全球定位系统通常可以利用基于空间的卫星的星座。 Various techniques and / or means for determining comprises using an example of a global positioning system, which may typically utilize a global positioning system satellite constellation based on the space. 若干这样的技术可以包括移动站辅助的辅助全球定位系统、基于移动站的辅助全球定位系统和/或自主全球定位系统,其中基于空间的卫星表示基准定位,可以使用各种三角测量/三边测量手段来从该基准定位得到移动订户的定位。 Several such techniques may include a mobile station assisted AGPS, mobile station assisted GPS and / or a global positioning system based on autonomous, wherein the space-based satellite positioning reference representation, may use various triangulation / trilateration means to locate a mobile subscriber is obtained from the reference location. 其他示例包括定位系统,该定位系统替代地使用相同或类似的三角测量/三边测量手段,但是依赖于基于地面的基准定位,该基于地面的基准定位可以采取灯塔、小区塔、基站或其他信号源的形式,每一个都具有已知或可推断的位置。 Other examples include a positioning system, the positioning system using the same or similar alternatively triangulation / trilateration methods, but rely on reference locations on the ground, the ground based reference location may take the lighthouse, a cell tower, a base station or other signals form the source, each having a known or inferred location.
 虽然作为全球定位系统的一部分的基于空间的基准定位的使用正在变得越来越普遍,但是存在在主要或唯一地使用基于空间的基准定位的系统可能失败或不实用时的一些情况。  Although in some cases as the use of space-based reference locations are becoming increasingly common part of the global positioning system, but there is in the primary or sole use of the system reference space-based positioning may fail or impractical . 通常,为了利用基准定位而不论基于空间还是基于陆地,移动站都需要能够从其接收基准信号。 Typically, whether to use a reference location based on the space-based or land, from the mobile station needs to be able to receive a reference signal. 在一些情况下,由于来自其他信号源的干扰或者由于基准信号的各种吸收/ 反射而导致可能不能提供来自特定基准定位的信号。 In some cases, due to interference from other signals or due to various sources absorption / reflection of the reference signal may not provide a result signal from a specific reference location. 例如,因为由信号源使用的信号的类型具有穿透建筑物或其他阻挡结构的不同能力,所以有时可能无法在特定结构内提供来自基于空间的定位的基准信号。 For example, as the type used by signal sources having different ability to penetrate the building or other structure of the barrier, it may lack a reference signal from a space-based structure in a specific location.
 因此,即使在对于基于空间的全球定位系统的更广泛的支持和基于空间的全球定位系统的提供性的情况下,仍然需要基于地面的系统,该基于地面的系统可以至少在一些情况下对基于空间的系统进行补充或者代替基于空间的系统进行使用,以便于更大地确保满足定位确定要求,诸如在E911规则下的要求。  Thus, even for more extensive support based on global positioning system space and based on the case of sexual global positioning system space, still need ground-based system, the ground-based system may at least in some cases the space-based system to supplement or be used instead of the space-based system, is positioned so as to satisfy requirements determined to ensure a larger, such as required in the E911 rules.
 这样,可能需要提供来自具有已知定位的其他适当信号源的替代基准信号,以便于支持确定移动站的定位的替代方式或手段。  Thus, it may be desirable to provide an alternative reference signal from other suitable sources having a known location in order to determine alternative location of the mobile station or in the support means. 一种这样的信号源可以包括蜂窝基站。 One such signal source may comprise a cellular base station. 然而,为了提供可以用其来确定定位的足够的信息,需要一种信号,从该信号可以获得相对于来自具有已知定位的多个源的相对定位信息,诸如范围或方向。 However, in order to determine which can be used to provide sufficient positioning information, a need for a signal, the signal may be obtained from the relative positioning information from a plurality of sources having a known location, such as the range or direction. 在蜂窝基站的情况下,来自附近基站的信号可能与其他更远定位的基站发生干扰,由此使得更加难以接收来自更远定位的信号源中的一个的信号,并且使得更加难以从接收到的信号中得到所需要的信号特征来在确定定位中进行使用。 In the case of a cellular base station, a signal from a nearby base stations may interfere with other base stations located further away, thereby making it more difficult to receive a signal from a source located in a further, and making it more difficult from the received signal characteristics obtained in the desired signal to determine the location of use.
 在一些情况下,特定的信号源可能是不适当的,对于该特定的信号源,接收来自该特定源的信号的任何尝试都可能导致失败、不必要的延迟和/或浪费的资源。 Any attempt  In some cases, a particular source may not be appropriate for the particular signal source, the signal received from that particular source may result in failure, unnecessary delays and / or wasted resources . 在其他情况下,适合于得到用于在确定定位中使用的信号的信号源可能并没有作为基准信号源站点的任何其他容易保存的列表的一部分而为移动订户所知道,但是该信号源可能最适用于支持定位确定。 In other cases, it may be adapted to any other part does not readily stored as a list of these sites to obtain a reference signal source for the signal source signal used in determining the positioning of the mobile subscriber is known, but the most likely source adapted to support location determination.
 因此,下述方法是有益的,该方法向基站发送用于在作出定位确定中使用的列表, 该列表可以用于识别或补充用于在接收基准信号中使用的适当和/或不适当的信号源的其他已知列表。  Thus, a method is advantageous, which transmits to a base station in the list using the positioning determination is made, the list can be used to identify or supplement suitable for use in receiving a reference signal and / or other known suitable signal source list.
 本发明提供了一种用于在定位确定手段中使用的无线终端中的方法,该定位确定手段使用在蜂窝网络中的无线终端和多个基站之间的到达时间的估计。  The present invention provides a method for determining the positioning means used in a wireless terminal, the estimated time of arrival between the locating means for determining in a wireless cellular network terminal and a plurality of base stations. 该方法包括:接收来自服务基站的辅助数据,以供在接收位置基准信号中进行使用,该位置基准信号用于确定来自多个基站的相应位置基准信号相对于时间基准的到达时间,其中,该辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在所述列表中的每个基站是下述中的一个:用作所述多个基站的一部分来接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计,或被排除用作所述多个基站的一部分来接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计。 The method comprising: receiving assistance data from the serving base station to be used in the receiving position for the reference signal, the reference signal for determining the position corresponding to the position of the reference signals from multiple base stations with respect to the arrival time of the time reference, wherein the auxiliary data includes a list of base stations, each base station includes in the list is the following one: as a part of the plurality of base stations to receive the reference signal and determining a position location reference signal arrival time of the received estimation, or excluded as part of the plurality of base stations to receive the position signals and determine the arrival time of the reference position of the reference received signal estimates. 然后,接收该多个基站的每一个的位置基准信号,其中,对于多个基站中的每一个,针对相应的所接收位置基准信号中的每一个确定到达时间估计。 Then, the position of the reference signal receiving each of the plurality of base stations, wherein, for each of a plurality of base stations, determining for each respective reference position of the received signal in the arrival time estimation. 然后,将对该多个基站中的每一个的到达时间的估计转发到定位确定实体。 Then forwards the estimated arrival time of each of a plurality of base stations to a location determination entity.
 在至少一个实施例中,辅助信息包括基站的白名单,所述白名单包括要用于接收位置基准信号并且确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计的基站。  In at least one embodiment, the auxiliary information including the white list of the base station, the white list includes a reference to be used for receiving position signals and determines the time of arrival of the received signal, the estimated position of the reference station.
 在至少另一个实施例中,辅助信息包括基站的黑名单,所述黑名单包括被排除用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计的基站。  In another embodiment at least, the auxiliary information comprises a black list of the base station, the blacklist comprising excluded for receiving a reference signal and determines the position of the base station reference signal arrival time of the position estimate received.
 在另一个实施例中,作为辅助信息的一部分被包括的基站的列表包括通信小区标识符的列表,所述列表包括作为下述之一的通信小区的标示符:该通信小区用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计,或该通信小区被排除用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计。  In another embodiment, the list of base stations included as part of the auxiliary information is included in a list of identifiers of communication cell, the cell list includes a communication identifier of one of the following: the communication cell for receiving a position reference signal and determining the position of the reference arrival time of the received signal is estimated, or the cell is excluded for receiving a communications reference signal and determining a position location reference signal arrival time of the received estimates.
 本发明进一步提供了一种用于在蜂窝无线通信网络中使用的无线终端,该蜂窝无线通信网络具有多个基站,包括服务基站。  The present invention further provides a wireless terminal for use in a cellular wireless communication network, the cellular radio communications network having a plurality of base stations including a serving base station. 该无线终端包括:收发信机,该收发信机包括发射机和接收机;计时器,该计时器用于保存本地时间基准;以及控制器,该控制器被耦合到收发信机和计时器。 The wireless terminal comprising: a transceiver, the transceiver comprising a transmitter and a receiver; a timer for storing local time reference; and a controller coupled to the transceiver, and a timer. 控制器包括定位确定模块,该定位确定模块适于管理对来自服务基站的辅助数据的接收,以确定在多个基站的每一个的时间基准和本地时间基准之间的定时关系,其中辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在该列表中的每包括在所述列表中的每个基站是下述中的一个:用于接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的所述到达时间估计,或被排除用于接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的所述到达时间估计。 The controller includes a location determination module, a determination module adapted to manage the positioning assistance data received from the serving base station to determine the timing relationship between the reference time and the local time of each of the plurality of base stations of the base, wherein the auxiliary data comprises list of base stations included in each of the list in the list comprises for each base station is one of the following: means for receiving said reference signal and determining a position of the reference position of the received signal arrival time estimate, or excluded for receiving said reference signal and determining a position of the reference position of the received signal arrival time estimation. 定位确定模块进一步适于管理经由收发信机对多个相应的位置基准信号的接收,该位置基准信号中的每一个都具有在无线终端内的接收时间。 Location determination module is further adapted to manage a plurality of positions corresponding to the received reference signal via the transceiver, the position of each of the reference signal having a reception time in a wireless terminal. 定位确定模块进一步适于从针对多个基站中的每一个所确定的定时关系和接收到的位置基准信号来计算对接收到的位置基准信号中的每一个的到达时间的估计,并且适于管理向定位确定实体的多个基站中的每一个的到达时间估计的传输。 Location determination module is further adapted to calculate the estimated arrival time of the reference position signal received from each of the timing relationship for each of the determined plurality of base stations and the received position reference signal, and adapted to manage a plurality of base stations determines the transmission time of arrival of each of the entities of the estimated positioning.
 参考附图,本发明的这些和其他特征和优点将从下面对本发明的一个或多个优选实施例的描述中显而易见。  Referring to the drawings, which are described below and other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention from one or more preferred in the present invention become apparent.
 图9是根据图7的方法的更详细的流程图,其中,响应于确定在相应的基站之间的系统时钟的定时偏移来从黑名单移除基站。  FIG. 9 is a more detailed flowchart of the method of Figure 7, wherein in response to determining that the base station is removed from the blacklist in the system timing offset between the respective base station clock.
 根据需要,在此公开本发明的详细实施例,然而,应当理解,所公开的实施例仅是可以以各种形式体现的本发明的示例。  As required, detailed embodiments disclosed herein of the present invention, however, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in various forms. 因此,在此公开的特定结构和功能细节不应当被解释为限制性的,而是仅作为权利要求的基础,并且作为用于教导本领域的技术人员以在实际上任何适当的详细结构中不同地使用本发明的代表性基础。 Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as for teaching one skilled in the art in different in virtually any appropriately detailed structure using a representative basis for the present invention. 而且,在此使用的术语和短语不意在是限制性的,而是意在提供对本发明的可理解的描述。 Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting, but is intended to provide an understandable description of the invention.
 图1图示了无线通信系统的至少一部分的示例性拓扑视图。  FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary topology view at least a portion of the wireless communication system. 该拓扑视图100包括以六边形图示的多个小区102。 The topology view 100 includes a plurality of hexagonal cells 102 illustrated. 该六边形仅是与多个蜂窝区域中的每一个相关联的期望覆盖范围或足迹的大体近似,其中,实际上,发射或可能的覆盖范围的区域并入如此均匀地限定。 The hexagon is merely desired coverage or footprint of the plurality of cellular regions are generally associated with each approximation, which in fact, transmitted or may be incorporated coverage area so uniformly defined. 每个小区通常由称为服务站的基站104来服务,该基站104与位于对应的小区102内和/或在对应的小区102内行进的无线终端106 (诸如移动无线通信设备)进行通信。 Each cell is typically served by a base station 104 is referred to as a service station, the base station 104 communicates with a corresponding cell 102 located within and / or traveling 102 within the corresponding cell of the radio terminal 106 (such as a mobile wireless communications device).
 在一些情况下,基站与特定小区唯一地相关联。  In some cases, a particular cell the base station and is uniquely associated. 在这样的情况下,基站可能位于蜂窝发射区域的中心附近。 In such a case, the cellular base station may be located near the center of the emission region. 然而,最近,已经开发了蜂窝标准,该蜂窝标准利用定向天线,该定向天线限定与发射相关的蜂窝区域,该发射与特定方向相关联。 However, recently, cellular standards have been developed, the use of directional antennas cellular standard, which defines a directional antenna associated with the transmitter cellular regions, with a particular transmitter associated with that direction. 因为可以在相对于特定发射源的多个可能的不同方向中的一个或多个上引导信号,所以单个基站定位可以支持多个定向信号,每个定向信号在不同方向上传播,以便于在多个相应的蜂窝通信区域中提供可能不同的通信信令,其中,作为相对于特定小区在中心处定位并且单向发射的替代,基站位于若干邻居的蜂窝区域的共享顶点处,并且将多个不同通信信号集合中的一个引导到蜂窝区域中相应的一个。 Since the pilot signal can be in particular with respect to a plurality of transmission sources or a plurality of possible different directions, so that a single base station may support a plurality of directional positioning signals, each directional signals propagating in different directions, so that in multi- offers the corresponding cellular communication signaling may be different communication areas, wherein, as an alternative with respect to a particular cell and is positioned at the center of the one-way transmission, cellular base stations are located at the apex region shared a number of neighbors, and the plurality of different a set of communication signal directed into a corresponding cell area. 这样的布置允许单个基站支持多个通信小区。 Such an arrangement allows a single base station supporting a plurality of communication cells. 支持这样的布置的一种这样的类型的蜂窝通信标准是作为第三代合作伙伴计划的一部分被开发的长期演进(LTE) 蜂窝通信标准。 Support of such an arrangement One such type of cellular communication standard is Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular communications standard being developed as part of the Third Generation Partnership Program.
 在特定基站104所服务的特定蜂窝区域中存在特定的无线终端106时,无线终端106通常监视其他附近基站的发射和/或监视由相同或其他附近基站发射的多个不同的通信信号集合,以便于确定用于支持与特定无线终端进行通信的通信信令是否应当被改变为用于支持在另一个蜂窝区域中的通信的不同的通信信令集合。 When the  presence of a particular wireless terminal 106 in a particular cellular service area of a particular base station 104, the wireless terminal 106 typically monitors transmit and / or monitoring a plurality of different communication signals transmitted by the same or other nearby base stations of other nearby base stations collection, in order to determine a particular wireless terminal to support communications if the signaling communication should be changed for supporting different communication signaling communication in another cell area set. 这通常可以是其中移动终端随着时间有意义地改变其定位的情况。 This may typically be where the mobile terminal over time where meaningful changes its location. 在一些情况下,这可能要求无线终端106开始与不同的基站104进行通信。 In some cases, this may require the wireless terminal 106 start communicating with a different base station 104. 在其他情况下,这可能要求无线终端106开始经由与相对于基站104的不同方向相对应的不同的通信信号集合来与相同的基站进行通信。 In other cases, this may require the wireless terminal 106 to communicate with the same base station starts communication via a different set of signals with different directions with respect to the corresponding base station 104. 在用于支持在另一个蜂窝区域中的通信的不同的通信信令集合之间的这样的改变通常被称为切换。 In another cell for supporting a different communication area such changes signaling communication between sets commonly referred to as handover.
 为了支持在一个蜂窝区域与另一个蜂窝区域之间的正在进行的通信的切换以及与其他附近蜂窝区域相关联的通信信号的对应的监视,无线终端经常接收邻居列表,该邻居列表包括用于监视与其他附近蜂窝区域相关联的信号所需要的细节。  In order to support the corresponding communication signal handover monitor ongoing communications between one cell area to another cell area, and associated with other nearby cellular regions, the wireless terminal always receives a neighbor list, the neighbor list comprising details for the monitoring and other signals associated with the region in the vicinity of the cellular required. 传统上,这已经通过诸如导频信号的小区特定基准信号的监视来进行处理。 Traditionally, this has to be processed, such as by monitoring a pilot signal of cell-specific reference signal. 这些小区特定的基准信号是利用与特定蜂窝区域相关联的传输被规律发射的,并且以对于其他附近蜂窝区域来说往往相同的预定义规律发生。 The cell-specific reference signal transmission using a particular cellular region associated with the rule is transmitted, and to other nearby cell for the same region as often occurs predefined law. 实际上,以经常被称为充分再使用的方式来采用许多系统中的导频信号,该方式往往将用于任何特定无线终端的信号的可侦听性限制为与不多于一对小区相关联的导频信号。 In fact, often referred to as well as to re-use many systems to use a pilot signal, a signal for this embodiment tend to any particular wireless terminal may listen to the limit of no more than one pair associated cell pilot signal leads. 但是为了切换的目的,限制为与一对小区相关联的导频信号的可侦听性通常是足够的,因为通常连接到或要转换到具有最大可侦听性的特定小区。 However, for handover purposes, to limit the listener of the cell associated with a joint pilot signal is usually sufficient, because usually connected to or to be converted to a particular cell having a maximum of listening.
 然而,虽然相对于一对小区的导频信号的可侦听性足以满足进行切换确定的要求,但是为了确定定位的目的,定位确定手段通常要求不同的基准信令集合,并且可以接收并且适当地分析用于保证足够数目的信号的在附近的干扰源(即,其他附近小区)之间的协调,以使得能够确定定位。  However, although the switching determining requirements with respect to the pilot signal may listen to one pair of cells of sufficient, but for purposes of determining the positioning, the positioning means for determining the signaling typically requires a different set of reference, and may receive analysis interference sources and appropriately used to ensure a sufficient number of signals in the vicinity of (i.e., other nearby cells) coordination between, so that the positioning can be determined. 通常,基于测量到的基准信号的到达时间来确定相对于具有已知或可推断的定位的多个信号源中的特定的一个的范围。 Typically, the measured arrival time based on the reference signal to determine the range with respect to a plurality of positioning signal sources having known or inferable in particular one. 到达时间用于估计传播延迟和对应的行进距离。 Estimated arrival time for the travel distance and the corresponding propagation delay. 从现对于多个已知定位的范围信息,可以对无线终端的位置进行三边测量。 Now range information for a plurality of known location, trilateration may be from the position of the wireless terminal. 可以通过看到与相对于多个已知定位的确定的范围相对应的多个弧的交叉点来视觉化该三边测量。 Can be seen through the point of intersection is determined with respect to a plurality of arcs of a plurality of known positioning range corresponding to the visual trilateration. 当可以对三边测量应用来自三个信号源的测量时,可以通过合并来自其他信号源的多个测量集合来改善对无线终端的位置估计的精度。 When the application may trilateration from three measuring signal source, to improve the accuracy of the position estimate of the wireless terminal may be set by combining a plurality of measurements from other signal sources. 可以使用最小平方手段估计手段来合并多个测量集合,该多个测量集合包括涉及来自多于三个相应的信号源的多于三个测量集合的情况,并且进而有助于提供通常具有较大精度的确定的定位。 Can be estimated using a least squares means means to combine multiple measurement set, the measurement set comprising a plurality of cases involving more than three measurements from more than three respective set of signal sources, and in turn having a generally helps provide greater determining the positioning accuracy.
 因为在许多情况下用于基站和无线终端的时间基准不同,所以可以容易地适应下述情况的另一种手段涉及观察的到达时间差(0TD0A)的方法,在该情况下没有假定用于在确定无线终端的定位中使用的公共时间基准。 Time difference of arrival (0TD0A) Another approach means  Because different time reference for the base station and wireless terminal, in many cases, can be easily adapted to a case where observation relates, in this case assumed to use no a common time reference for use in determining the positioning of the wireless terminal. 在这样的方法中,测量相对于来自服务小区的信号的到达时间的基准信号的到达时间。 In such a method, the arrival time measured relative to a reference signal arrival time of the signal from the serving cell. 通常,基于0TD0A的在WCDMA/LTE中的定位估计使用相对于服务小区的邻居小区的时间差测量。 Typically, 0TD0A based positioning in WCDMA / LTE estimation using the measured relative time difference between the serving cell neighbor cell. 通过tl-t2描绘的轨迹等于常数,其中, tl和t2是来自两个基站的相应一个的信号的第一路径的到达时间(Τ0Α),该轨迹是双曲线,而不是圆形。 Tl-t2 by drawing the trajectory is equal to a constant, wherein, tl, and t2 is the arrival time of the first signal path from a respective one of two base stations (Τ0Α), the trajectory is hyperbolic, rather than circular.
 在图1中,无线终端106被图示在以圆形形式的若干弧的交叉处,每一个圆形都具有相应的半径Rl、R2和R3,该半径Rl、R2和R3与相对于多个基站104中的每一个的确定的距离相对应。  In FIG 1, the wireless terminal 106 is illustrated at the intersection of a circular arc in several forms, each having a corresponding circular radii Rl, R2 and R3, the radius Rl, R2 and R3 are opposed determining distances to a plurality of base stations 104 each correspond. 然后,可以确定与交叉点相对应的定位以及无线终端106的定位。 Then, the intersection may be determined corresponding to the positioning and location of a wireless terminal 106. 这样的确定通常通过定位确定实体来执行,该定位确定实体保存信号源及其已知定位的列表,并且接收测量到的范围信息。 Such a determination is generally performed by the positioning determination entity, the position determination entity stores the signal source and its list of known location and the measured range information received. 虽然无线终端通常可以执行该计算,但是通常更易于在诸如网关或服务移动定位中心的服务器中保存相关的定位信息,该服务器还可以在接收到检测到的相对于信号源相关的定时信息之后执行必要的计算。 Performed after Although wireless terminal may generally perform the calculations, but generally easier to keep relevant location information server such as a gateway or a serving mobile positioning center, the server may also receiving the timing information detected phase related to the signal source the necessary calculations. 例如,该定时信息可以包括相对于本地或全局时间基准的到达时间和/或到达时间差测量。 For example, the relative timing information may include a local or global time reference arrival time and / or time difference of arrival measurements.
 图1还示出了与图示的蜂窝区域中的任何一个相关联的另一个信号源108的可能,该另一个信号源108可以或可以不是基站。  Figure 1 also illustrates another possible signal source cell region shown in any one associated with 108, the other signal source 108 may or may not be a base station. 例如,信号源108可以与其定位已知或可以容易确定的任何种类的发射机相对应,并且可以从其确定发射信号的到达时间估计,并且可以对应地确定相对于无线终端106的估计距离R4。 For example, the signal source 108 may be positioned therewith can be any type of known or readily determined by the corresponding transmitter, and may determine therefrom the estimated time of arrival of the transmitted signal, and may determine with respect to the estimated distance R4 of the radio terminal 106 in correspondence. 在一些情况下,信号源108可以与闭合基站相对应,该闭合基站不可用于向无线终端提供服务,但是具有已知的定位,并且可以从其检测基准信号的发射。 In some cases, the signal source 108 may correspond to the closure base, the closure base station is not for providing a service to the wireless terminal, but may transmit the reference signal from the detection has a known location, and. 在这样的情况下,可以通过向无线终端传送的信号源的白名单来确定用于在识别基准信号的到达时间中使用的信号源的可用性。 In this case, the signal source can whitelist transmitted to the wireless terminal to determine the availability of the source signal used in the arrival time identification reference signal. 根据本发明的至少一个方面,白名单通常包括具有已知定位的信号源的列表,该信号源发射具有已知定时信息的可检测信号,该已知定时信息可以用于对定位进行三边测量,并且可能或可能不为无线终端所知。 According to at least one aspect of the present invention, the white list generally comprises a list of the known positioning signal source, the signal source emits a detectable signal with a known timing information, the timing information may be used which is known to be positioned trilateration and it may or may not be known to the wireless terminal.
 替代地,无线终端可以接收黑名单,该黑名单可以包括已知的信号源,该已知的信号源应当被明确地避免用于确定发射信号的到达时间估计的目的。  Alternatively, the wireless terminal may receive the black list, the black list may include a known signal source, the signal source should be known explicitly for the purpose of determining the time of arrival to avoid transmission signal estimation. 一些基站或信号源有可能不支持位置信号的发射。 Some source base station or likely transmitted position signal is not supported. 另外和/或替代地,一些基站或信号源有可能不具有已知的定位。 Additionally and / or alternatively, some source base station or may not have a known location. 而且,有可能丢失或不知道更精确地确定和/或方便地确定来自特定信号源的信号的至_时间所需要的相对定时信息。 Further, there may be lost or may not know more accurately determine and / or to readily determine the specific signal from the signal source _ relative timing information about the time required.
 在至少一些情况下,黑名单和/或白名单可以采取从服务基站或其他授权的源所接收到的辅助数据的形式,经由系统信息广播信号将该辅助数据传送到无线终端。  In at least some cases, blacklists and / or whitelists may take the form received from the serving base station or other authorized source to the auxiliary data, the auxiliary data transmitted to the wireless terminal via system information broadcast signal. 替代地, 可以经由无线电资源控制消息将黑名单和/或白名单传送到一个或多个无线终端。 Alternatively, transfer blacklist and / or whitelist to one or more wireless terminals via radio resource control message.
 图2图示了示例性系统架构的框图200,该框图200图示了其中本发明的至少一个实施例可以进行操作的环境。  FIG 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary system architecture 200, the block diagram 200 illustrating at least one embodiment of the present invention which can operate in an environment. 更具体地,示例性系统架构包括期望直接或间接地支持与长期演进(LTE)型蜂窝网络相关的定位相关服务的若干元件。 More specifically, the exemplary system architecture comprises a plurality of desired elements directly or indirectly supporting the long term evolution (LTE) type cellular network related to location-based services. 通常,无线终端106经由无线通信连接与网络进行通信,并且更具体地与基站104进行通信。 Typically, the wireless terminal 106 communicates with the network via a wireless communication, and more specifically in communication with base station 104. 基站104管理网络基础设施的无线接口,无线终端通过该无线接口进行通信。 A wireless interface, the wireless terminal station 104 performs management of the network infrastructure via the wireless communication interface.
 有时被称为增强型节点B的基站被耦合到移动性管理设备202。 The base station  is sometimes referred to as enhanced Node B is coupled to the mobility management device 202. 移动性管理设备202通常作为用于接入网络的控制节点进行操作。 The mobility management device 202 typically operates as a control node for the access network. 该移动性管理设备202通常负责对无线终端的空闲模式跟踪以及包括重传的寻呼过程。 The mobility management device 202 is typically responsible for the radio terminal idle mode tracking and paging procedure including retransmissions. 移动性管理设备还负责对用户的认证,对无线终端分配暂时身份、对无线终端授权以驻留在网络上以及漫游限制的实施。 The mobility management device is also responsible for user authentication, temporary identity assigned to the radio terminal, the radio terminal authorized to reside on the network and roaming restrictions embodiment. 移动性管理设备还在初始附接时和在网络内切换时选取服务网关。 The mobility management device, and also the initial network selection in handover when the serving gateway is attached. 移动性管理设备还提供用于在该网络和至少一些其他类型的网络之间的移动性的控制平面功能。 The mobility management device also provides the control plane function for mobility between the network and for at least some other type of network.
 服务移动定位中心204和网关移动定位中心206还被耦合到移动性管理设备202。  Serving Mobile Location Center 204 and Gateway Mobile Location Center 206 is also coupled to a mobility management device 202. 服务移动定位中心204管理本地定位确定,并且有效地是下述引擎,该引擎用于利用所确定的到达时间/范围信息以及为了产生所确定的范围/到达时间信息的目的而检测到的信号源的相应定位来执行无线终端106的定位计算。 Serving Mobile Location Center 204 managing local location determination, and effectively is the following engine, which is used with the determined arrival time / range information and time information for purposes of generating a range of the determined / detected arrival of the signal source positioning calculation corresponding to the wireless terminal 106 performs positioning. 借助于移动性管理设备202进行工作的网关移动定位中心206处理对公共安全应答点208的接口,该接口是对与紧急911系统相关联的呼叫中心或紧急服务供应商的接口。 By means of the mobility management device 202 operates the Gateway Mobile Location Center interface process 206 Public Safety Answering Point 208, which is the interface with the emergency call center system 911 or the associated emergency service provider. 公共安全应答点208通过定位检索功能210或经由分组数据网络来管理定位查询,该定位检索功能210可以直接地连接到公共安全应答点,分组数据网络诸如因特网协议多媒体子系统212。 Public Safety Answering Point 208 or by positioning the search function 210 to manage the location query via a packet data network, the positioning retrieval function 210 may be directly connected to the public safety answering point, a packet data network such as the Internet protocol multimedia subsystem 212.
 基站104经由服务网关214和分组数据网络网关216被替代地耦合到分组数据网络,这促进对包含不仅支持紧急呼叫的定位信息的分组数据的通信。  Alternatively, the base station 104,216 is coupled via a serving gateway and packet data network 214 to the packet data network gateway, which comprises not only facilitate packet data communication supporting emergency call location information. 实际上,在LTE中,分组数据连接在提供网络数据连接中起到更为中心的作用,网络数据连接包括在现有蜂窝系统中通常由电路交换连接支持的数据连接。 Indeed, in LTE, the network provides packet data connection in data connection play a more central role in the data network connection comprises a data connection is typically supported by a circuit-switched connection in an existing cellular system. 服务网关214除了转发用户数据分组之外,还用作用于基站104之间切换的与无线终端106相关的移动性锚。 In addition to serving gateway 214 forwards user data packets, but also serves as a mobility anchor 106 associated with the wireless terminal to switch between base station 104. 无线终端可以具有与多于一个的分组数据网络网关216的同时连接,以用于访问多个分组数据网络212。 The wireless terminal may have more than one simultaneous connection to the packet data network gateway 216 for accessing multiple packet data networks 212.
 图3图示了用于在组织和布置信息中使用的信令结构300,该信令结构诸如要作为其中本发明可以进行操作的示例性通信系统的一部分被发射和接收的码元序列。  FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling structure 300 used in the organization and arrangement of the information, the signaling structure such as a code to be transmitted and received by a portion of an exemplary communication system in which the present invention may be operated element sequence. 更具体地,图示的信令结构300符合至少一个正在开发的蜂窝标准,包括上述LTE型蜂窝网络。 More specifically, the compliance structure 300 illustrating signaling of at least one cellular standards under development, including the above-described LTE cellular network type. 通常,LTE型蜂窝网络采用下行链路信令结构,该下行链路信令结构使用正交频分复用,其中, 特定的信道具有在多个频率和时间片上分布的码元。 Typically, LTE cellular network type structure using downlink signaling, the downlink signaling structure using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, wherein the channel has a specific symbols distributed across multiple frequencies and time slots. 根据时间的函数,蜂窝基站依序发射编号为0至1023的多个帧。 The function of time, cellular base station sequentially transmitting a plurality of numbered frames 0 to 1023. 每个帧被细分为每一个为lms的10个子帧。 Each frame is subdivided for each of 10 subframes lms. 每个子帧可以被进一步细分为2个时隙或14个码元,其中,每个码元与大约70微秒时间片或时间分段相对应。 Each sub-frame may be further subdivided into two slots, or 14 symbols, wherein each symbol and about 70 microseconds, or the time segment corresponding to the sheet.
 图4和图5图示了一对示例性资源块,该资源块进一步突出显示多个分组的资源元素的布置,该多个分组的资源元素跨与示例性通信系统的单个下行链路信道相关联的多个频率和时间分段。  Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a pair of exemplary resource blocks, the resource block is further highlighted in a plurality of resource elements are arranged in packets, packets of the plurality of resource elements with an exemplary communication system across a single downlink a plurality of frequency and time associated with the associated channel segments. 在所图示的实施例中,每个垂直的时间片表示码元,其中,每个码元包括在多个频率上分布的12个资源元素。 In the illustrated embodiment, each time slice represents the vertical symbols, wherein each symbol includes 12 resource elements distributed across a plurality of frequencies. 通常,该多个频率表示在分配的频谱空间内的频率集合,其每一个以15kHz的间隔在频率中心处分离。 Typically, the plurality of frequencies within the frequency spectrum represents the set of frequencies allocated space, each of which is separated at intervals of 15kHz center frequency. 这样,根据示例性实施例的每个资源块表示跨多个码元和多个频率的资源元素的网格,其中,可以对要传送的数据进行编码,该数据包括小区特定的基准信号、位置基准信号、控制信号和通用数据信号。 Thus, each resource block according to an exemplary embodiment of FIG grid resource elements across multiple symbols and multiple frequencies, which may encode data to be transmitted, the data comprising a cell-specific reference signal, the position reference signals, control signals and data signals common. 在图示的实施例中,一般的传输块包括14个码兀,并且广播型传输块包括12个码兀。 In the embodiment shown, generally comprises transport block 14 yards Wu, and a broadcast transport block includes 12 yards Wu.
 图4和图5图示两种类型的示例性资源块400和500。  FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an exemplary two types of resource blocks 400 and 500. 图4与用于支持在基站和特定无线终端之间的通信的一般传输块400相对应,并且图5表示用于支持来自基站的通信的广播型传输块500,该通信意在由一个或多个无线终端同时接收。 FIG 4 is a general transport block for supporting communication between a base station and a specific wireless terminal 400 corresponds to, and FIG. 5 shows a block supporting broadcast type communication transmitted from the base station 500, the communication is intended by one or more receiving wireless terminals simultaneously. 在每种情况下,前两个码元402与小区特定的基准类型信号406和控制类型信号408相关联,小区特定的基准类型信号406在至少一些情况下与导频信号相对应。 In each case, the first two symbols 402 and the type of cell-specific reference signal 406 and control signals 408 associated with the type, the type of cell-specific reference signal 406 in at least some cases the guide signal corresponding to the frequency. 前两个码元通常被称为控制码元402。 The first two symbols are generally referred to as control symbols 402. 使用交叉阴影线来图示与小区特定的基准类型信号相关联的资源元素,而使用字母'c'来图示与控制类型信号相关联的资源元素。 Cross-hatching to illustrate the use of the cell type-specific reference signal resource element associated with the use of the letter 'c' to illustrate the type of control signals associated with a resource element.
 在一般传输块的情况下,与小区特定的基准类型信号相对应的其他基准元素额外地与接下来的12个非控制码元404 -起散布。  In the case of a general transport block, other reference elements additionally cell-specific reference signal corresponding to the type of the next non-control symbols 12 404 - from spreading. 这些额外散布的小区特定的基准类型信号不必被包括在图5中图示的广播类型传输块500中。 These additional cell-specific reference spread signal need not be the type of transport blocks include a broadcast type illustrated in FIG. 5, 500. 在所图示的实施例中,图示了具体标识的资源元素410另一集合。 In the illustrated embodiment, the illustrated elements specifically identified by the resource 410 to another set. 该具体标识的资源元素的另一集合与位置基准信号相关联, 并且使用字母'P'来进行图示。 Another set of position reference signal resource elements associated with the specifically identified, and the letters 'P' to be shown.
 在位置基准信号具体地意在支持到达时间估计或其他可识别信号特征的情况下, 位置基准信号与至少一些其他基准信号不同,该到达时间估计或其他可识别的信号特征可以用于支持位置定位确定。  In the reference position signal specifically intended to support the estimated time of arrival may be the case, or other characteristics of the identification signal, the position signal and the reference signal is different from at least some other reference, the estimated arrival time or other signal recognizable features can be used support position location determination. 位置基准信号还意在至少在一定程度上与其他附近信号源不发生干扰,该其他附近信号源类似地在同一时间段期间发射位置基准信号或其他信号。 Reference position signal is also meant at least does not interfere with the signal source in the vicinity of the other to some extent, the other signal sources close to the reference position similarly transmit signals or other signals during the same time period. 虽然示出了资源元素的一定程度上任意的模式,在不偏离本发明的教导的情况下,其他模式是可能的。 Although a certain degree arbitrary mode on the resource elements, without departing from the teachings of the present invention, other modes are possible. 至少在一些情况下,其他信号源可以使用类似的模式,该类似的模式可以在频率或时间上移位,以产生下述模式,该模式具有较少的机会来与另一个附近信号源相关联的类似发射发生干扰,该类似的模式然后可以由无线终端用作对无线终端的当前定位的确定的一部分。 In at least some cases, other signal sources may be used a similar pattern, the pattern may be similar in frequency or time shifted, to generate the following mode, which has less opportunity to be associated with the signal source near the other similar emission interference, similar to the pattern can then be used to determine the portion of the current location of the wireless terminal by the wireless terminal. 通常,通过限制在与多个附近信号源相关联的位置基准信号之间的干扰,在存在来自诸如服务基站的更接近的信号源的干扰信号的情况下以其他方式难以检测的信号变得能够更容易被检测。 In general, when restricted by interference between the reference signal related to the position near the plurality of signal sources is associated, in the presence of interfering signals from sources such as closer to the serving base station in other ways difficult to detect a signal becomes able to more easily detected.
 因为接收到的信号的强度通常与信号源的接近度相关,所以在其中同时并且以大体上相同的幅度来发射多个信号源的情况下,更容易检测到的信号是来自更近的源的信号。  Because correlation is typically close to the strength of the received signal and the signal source, and so in the case where at the same time substantially the same amplitude to transmit a plurality of signal sources, easier to detect signals from closer signal source. 这样,当在保持在蜂窝通信系统中的通信连接的同时无线终端发起通信连接或在覆盖区域之间移动时,来自一些信号源的信号可能或可能变得更容易被接收,而来自一些信号源的一些信号可能或可能变得不容易被接收。 Thus, when the wireless terminal while maintaining communication connection in a cellular communication system or initiating a communication connection between a mobile coverage area, the signal from some sources may or may become more readily received, but from a number of sources Some signals may or may not become easily received. 通常,系统要经由具有最大信噪比的基站来与无线终端进行通信。 Typically, the system to communicate with the wireless terminal via the base station having the maximum signal to noise ratio. 通常,因为无线终端仅需要能够与服务基站进行通信,以便于支持与网络的通信连接,所以没有必要以能够检测来自其他附近非服务基站的信号来考虑无线终端。 Typically, as the wireless terminal only needs to be able to communicate with the serving base station, in order to connect with a communication network in support, there is no need to be able to detect signals from other nearby non-serving base station to the radio terminal. 然而,在通过三角测量或三边测量来确定定位的情况下,通常有必要接收对应的信号并且从其确定相对于多个信号源的范围或角度信息。 However, in the case of measuring by triangulation or trilateration to determine the location, usually necessary to receive signals therefrom and determine the corresponding range or an angle with respect to a plurality of information signal sources.
 如上所述,在一些情况下,无线终端可以利用邻居列表作为用于识别特定无线终端可能用于确定支持定位确定的到达时间的可能信号源的起点。  As described above, in some cases, the wireless terminal may be utilized as the neighbor list for identifying a particular wireless terminal may support location determination means for determining the start time of the arrival of possible signal sources. 在这样的情况下,可能用作为白名单的一部分的一个或多个额外的可能适当信号源来补充用于确定定位目的的可用信号源。 In such a case, may be with one or more additional portion of an appropriate source may be added as white list of the available sources for determining location purposes. 这样的列表可以包括与闭合或混和基站相关联的基站形式的信号源,闭合或混和基站不可用于支持通信连接,并且因此将不被包括在邻居列表中,但是可以用于接收基准信号,并且使与接收的基准信号相关联并且使用它的可检测特征与信号源的已知定位相关联,以便于支持无线终端的定位确定。 Such a list may include a signal source in the form of a mixture with a closure or base station associated with, or mixed base can not be closed to support the communication connection, and thus will not be included in the neighbor list, but may be used to receive a reference signal, and receiving the reference signal associated with it and using the detectable characteristic signal source associated with the known positioning, in order to determine the positioning of the wireless terminal. 可能有必要使与闭合或混和基站相关联的信息与服务网络进行协调,因此在服务器可提供用于基于接收到的位置基准信号的相应特征来支持定位确定的信息。 There may be necessary to coordinate with the closure or mixed with a serving network information associated base station, so the server can provide information based on a respective characteristic of the received signal to the reference position of the support location determination.
 无线终端有可能不使用邻居列表,而可以唯一地依赖于在白名单中的信号源,或者白名单有可能补充另一个可用的列表。  The wireless terminal may not use the neighbor list, and can be uniquely dependent on the signal source in the white list, or white list might complement another available list.
 替代地和/或另外,可以使用黑名单来补充另一个列表,诸如邻居列表,以便于排除使用特定的信号源来用于定位确定,由于为了支持定位确定而对于特定信号源可能需要的可用信息中的一些不存在或缺陷而导致该特定信号源可能适用于变成切换目的地及其服务基站,但是可能不适用于支持定位确定。  Alternatively and / or additionally, a blacklist may be used to supplement another list, such as a neighbor list, so as to exclude the use of a specific source signal is used to determine the positioning, because in order to support location determination may be required for a particular signal source Some or absence of a defect in the information available which led to the particular source may apply to become a handover destination base station and the services, but may not be used to support location determination.
 而且,黑名单可以用于识别和/或消除冗余。  Moreover, the blacklist can be used to identify and / or eliminate redundant. 例如,如结合在图1中图示的实施例所述,若干信号源有可能处于共同定位。 For example, as incorporated in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of source signal may be in the co-located. 虽然接收来自同一近似定位的多个基准信号的可能性可以用于确认与另一个接收到的信号相关联的测量,但是当可能需要特定数目的不同测量来产生单个估计定位时,冗余信息通常在确定定位方面不是有益的。 Although the possibility of receiving from a plurality of reference signals at the same approximate location may be used to measure the signal associated with the received acknowledgment of the other, but when a certain number of different may be required to produce a single estimate location of the measurement, the redundant information is typically in determining the positioning is not beneficial. 因此,至少在一些情况下,可以使用黑名单来识别处于共同定位的至少一些信号源,对于该处于共同定位的至少一些信号源,测量可能产生冗余数据,并且进而对其的获取可能对诸如处理时间和电池电力的可用资源的浪费。 Thus, at least in some cases, may be used to identify at least some of the black list sources co-located, for at least some of the signal source is co-located, the measurement may be generated redundant data, such as might be acquired and further thereto waste of resources available processing time and battery power.
 因为克服了与用于使用特定信号源来接收基准信号的目的的特定信号源相关联的缺陷,所以可以对白名单添加该特定的信号源或者从黑名单中移除该特定的信号源。  For particular source overcomes the drawbacks associated with the use of a particular source for the purpose of receiving a reference signal, it is possible to add a specific source of the whitelist or removed from the particular source blacklist . 如上所述,这可以在建立或确定了在基站之间的定时关系时发生,这可以用于支持到达时间测量或到达时间差测量。 As described above, may be established or determined which occurred when the timing relationship between base stations, which may be used to support the measurement of time of arrival or time difference of arrival measurements. 这还可以在建立或确定了相对于特定信号源的定位时发生。 This may also occur when establishing or determining positioning with respect to a particular signal source. 而且,这可以在有助于识别位置基准信号的性质的其他信息包括相对于其他可能的附近干扰源的发射的关系时发生,使得可以由无线终端来接收和识别该位置基准信号,该位置基准信号的性质包括特定结构或格式以及关于何时发射该位置基准信号的信息。 Moreover, additional information which can help identify the nature of the position of the reference signal comprises transmitting relationship occurs with respect to other possible sources of interference in the vicinity, makes it possible to receive and recognize the reference position signal by the wireless terminal, the position of the reference nature of the signal comprises a particular structure or format, and when to transmit information regarding the position of the reference signal.
 图6图示了根据本发明的至少一个示例性实施例的无线终端106和网络基础设施的一部分的框图600,网络基础设施诸如基站104和/或定位确定实体204,其中,无线终端可以直接地或间接地与网络基础设置进行通信。  FIG. 6 illustrates a 600, the network infrastructure such as base stations 104 and / or position determination entity 204 block diagram of a portion of a wireless terminal 106 and the network infrastructure of the at least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wireless terminal may directly or indirectly communicate with the network infrastructure provided. 无线终端包括控制器602,该控制器602包括定位确定模块606,该定位确定模块606被耦合到收发信机604和计时器608。 The wireless terminal includes a controller 602, the controller 602 includes a location determination module 606, the location determination module 606 is coupled to transceiver 604 and a timer 608. 收发信机604促进无线信号的发射和接收,包括来自诸如基站104的一个或多个信号源的位置基准信号的接收。 The transceiver 604 facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless signals, the position of the reference signal comprises receiving the one or more signal sources such as from a base station 104. 计时器608保存本地时间基准,该本地时间基准用于确定到达时间或相对于从具有关联定位的信号源发射的信号的到达时间差,该关联的定位是已知的或可以被确定的。 Save a local time reference timer 608, the local time reference for determining the time of arrival or time of arrival with respect to the signal transmitted from a signal source having an associated differential positioning, positioning of the associated are known or can be determined.
 定位确定模块606适于管理对来自服务基站的辅助数据的接收,以确定在多个基站中的每一个的时间基准和本地时间基准之间的定时关系,其中,辅助数据616包括基站的列表。  The location determination module 606 is adapted to receive assistance data management from the serving base station to determine the timing relationship between the time reference and the local time of each of the plurality of base stations in the base, wherein the auxiliary data 616 includes a base station list of. 包括在该列表中的每个基站是作为多个基站的一部分被使用或被排除使用的一个,该多个基站的一部分用于接收位置基准信号并且确定接收到的位置基准信号的到达时间估计。 Included in the list of each base station is being used or exclude the use of a plurality of base stations as part of, a portion of the plurality of base stations for receiving the reference signal and determines the position of the arrival time of the received position of the reference signal estimation. 定位确定模块606进一步适于管理经由收发信机604对多个相应的位置基准信号的接收,该位置基准信号的每一个都具有来自多个基站中的响应的一个的无线终端内的接收时间。 Location manager determining module 606 is further adapted to receive a plurality of positions corresponding to a reference signal via the transceiver 604, each of which has a position reference signal reception time in response to a wireless terminal from a plurality of base stations. 定位确定模块606进一步适于从针对多个基站中的每一个确定的定时关系和接收的位置基准信号来计算用于接收到的位置基准信号中的每一个的到达时间估计,并且适于管理多个基站中的每一个对定位确定实体的到达时间估计的发射。 Location determination module 606 is further adapted to calculate the position of the reference signal and the reception of the timing relationship determined for each of a plurality of base stations for a reference signal arrival time of the received position of each of the estimate, and adapted to manage multiple each base station determines the arrival time of a location estimate entity of the transmitter.
 在一些情况下,定位确定模块被实现为以计算机可读形式(诸如在存储器610中) 存储的一个或多个预存指令集合612的一部分。  In some cases, the location determination module is implemented as a computer-readable form (such as memory 610) or stored in a plurality of pre-stored instruction portion 612 set. 在这样的情况下,控制器602可能包括用于执行该一个或多个预存指令集合612的处理器。 In this case, the controller 602 may includes means for performing the one or more sets of instructions stored in the processor 612. 在一些情况下,存储器610可以作为控制器的一部分被集成,或者可以被耦合到控制器602。 In some cases, the memory 610 may be integrated as part of the controller, or may be coupled to the controller 602. 存储器610可以包括一个或多个形式的易失性和/或非易失性存储器,包括传统R〇M、EPROM、RAM或EEPR0M。 The memory 610 may comprise one or more forms of volatile and / or nonvolatile memory, including conventional R〇M, EPROM, RAM or EEPR0M. 存储器610可以进一步包括一个或多个形式的辅助存储装置,该辅助存储装置是固定的或可移除的,诸如硬盘驱动器或软盘驱动器。 The memory 610 may further include one or more auxiliary storage device in the form of the auxiliary storage device is a fixed or removable, such as a hard drive or floppy disk drive. 本领域内的技术人员将进一步认识到,在不偏离本发明的教导的情况下,可以使用其他形式的存储器。 Skilled in the art will further recognize, without departing from the teachings of the present invention, other forms of memory. 在相同或其他的情况下,控制器602可以另外或替代地包括状态机和/或逻辑电路,该状态机和/或逻辑电路可以用于至少部分地实现定位确定模块的一些及其对应的功能。 In the same or other cases, the controller 602 may additionally or alternatively comprise a state machine and / or logic circuitry, state machine and / or logic circuitry may be implemented at least in part to some location determination module and its corresponding features .
 在一些情况下,定位确定实体204是定位确定服务器,诸如服务移动定位中心,该定位确定服务器可以经由诸如移动性管理设备202的其他网络部件被耦合到基站。  In some cases, the position determination entity 204 is a server location determination, such as a service mobile location center, the positioning server may determine the mobility management device other network components such as via 202 is coupled to the base station.
 除了一个或多个预存指令集合之外,存储器可以进一步用于存储邻居列表614,该邻居列表614可以用于识别用于移动性管理以及定位确定的其他附近信号源以及用于在确定无线终端的定位中使用的辅助数据616,该辅助数据616包括白名单618和/或黑名单620。  In addition to the plurality of sets of instructions or stored, the memory may be further configured to store a neighbor list 614, the neighbor list 614 may be used to identify a source mobility management and other nearby location determination and means for determining the Location assistance data for use in the wireless terminal 616, 616 of the auxiliary data 618 comprises a whitelist and / or blacklist 620. 另外的辅助数据有可能用于支持定位确定的目的。 Additional auxiliary data may be used to support location determination purposes. 在一些情况下,辅助数据可能用于通过提供信息来加速定位确定,该信息可能另外需要被确定或被检测,以支持位置基准信号的检测和到达时间的确定。 In some cases, the auxiliary data may be used to speed up location determination through the provision of information, which may need to be further determined or detected, to support the detection and determination of the position of the reference signal arrival time. 在其他情况下,作为辅助数据提供的一些信息可以作为定位确定过程的一部分可能是更加必要的,否则该定位确定处理在没有接收到的辅助数据的情况下可能被证明很困难。 In other cases, some of the information provided as assistance data can be determined as part of the process of positioning may be more necessary, otherwise the position determination process in the absence of the received assistance data may prove to be difficult.
 辅助数据的示例可能包括标识信息,从该标识信息可以得到或确定在发射的信号流内的基准信号模式和定位。 Example  The auxiliary data may include identification information, or may be obtained to determine the reference signal pattern and location within the signal stream transmitted from the identification information.
 虽然在至少一些实施例中无线终端可以采用无线电电话的形式,并且更具体地采用蜂窝电话的形式,但是相信本改进适用于许多其他形式的定位确定系统,该许多其他形式的定位确定系统可以从可能不太完全的列表中的多个信号源接收信号,或者在不背离本发明的教导的情况下,可以包括不适用于得到位置基准信号的信号源以及许多其他形式的无线终端,包括膝上型计算机单元和手持式计算机单元、全球定位系统单元以及可能受益于确定其定位的适于接收无线信号的任何其他形式的电子装置。  Although at least some embodiments, the wireless terminal may take the form of a radio telephone, and more particularly in the form of a cellular telephone, it is believed that the present improvements are applicable to many other forms of location determination system that many other forms of location determination the system may receive signals from a plurality of sources may not be entirely in the list, or in the case without departing from the teachings of the present invention may comprise not apply to the reference signal to obtain a signal source location, and many other forms of wireless terminals, units include laptop computers and handheld computer unit, a global positioning system unit, and any other form of electronic device adapted to receive wireless signals may benefit from its location determined. 而且,不要求信令是0FDM 下行链路数据信道的一部分,但是可以从其确定到达时间的其他形式的信令将类似地是适当的。 Furthermore, the signaling is not required to be part of 0FDM downlink data channel, but can be similarly determined from which an appropriate arrival time of other forms of signaling.
 图7图示了在使用在蜂窝网络中的无线终端和多个基站之间的到达时间估计的定位确定手段中使用的方法700的流程图。  FIG. 7 illustrates positioned between the arrival time in a cellular network using a wireless terminal and a base station estimates a plurality of means for determining the method of flowchart 700 is used. 更具体地,该方法涉及在无线终端中的方法。 More particularly, the method relates to a method in a wireless terminal. 该方法700包括:接收702来自服务基站的辅助数据,以供在接收位置基准信号中进行使用,该位置基准信号用于确定相对于时间基准的来自多个基站的相应位置基准信号的到达时间,其中,辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在列表中的每个基站作为多个基站的一部分被使用或者被排除使用的一个,该多个基站的一部分用于接收位置基准信号并且确定接收到的位置基准信号的到达时间估计。 The method 700 comprising: receiving assistance data 702 from the serving base station to be used in the receiving position for the reference signal, the reference signal for determining the position with respect to a reference position corresponding to the arrival time of signals from the plurality of base stations time reference, wherein the auxiliary data includes a list of base stations, each base station includes in the list is used as a part of the plurality of excluded base stations are used or a part of the plurality of base stations for receiving a position reference signal and determining a position of the received the estimated time of arrival of the reference signal. 然后,针对多个基站中的每一个来接收704位置基准信号,其中,对于多个基站的每一个,针对与相应的接收到的位置基准信号中的每一个来确定到达时间估计。 Then, for each of a plurality of base stations to receive the reference position signal 704, wherein, for each, for a determined time estimate corresponding to each of the received position reference signal reaches a plurality of base stations. 然后,向定位确定实体转发706多个基站中的每一个的到达时间估计。 Then, to a location determination entity forwarding the arrival time of each of the plurality of base stations 706 estimates.
 图8图示了根据图7的方法800的更详细的流程图,其中,响应于确定在相应的基站之间的系统时钟的定时偏移来对白名单添加基站。  FIG. 8 illustrates a more detailed flowchart of a method 800 of Figure 7, wherein in response to determining an offset added to the whitelist system clock timing of the base station between the respective base station. 更具体地,方法800进一步包括:确定802系统时钟相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,所述的定时偏移用于支持无线信号的无线电传输。 More specifically, the method 800 further comprises: determining the system clock 802 timing offset with respect to the first and second base stations, the timing offset for the wireless signal radio transmission. 一旦确定相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,就将第一基站804添加到其中第二基站是服务基站的一个或多个无线终端的白名单,其中,该白名单用于针对该一个或多个无线终端来识别非服务基站,该非服务基站要用于接收用于确定从非服务基站接收到的信号的到达时间估计的位置基准信号。 Once the timing offset with respect to the first and second base stations is determined, the first base station 804 will be added to the whitelist wherein the second base station is one or more wireless terminals serving base station, wherein the whitelist is used for the one or more wireless terminals to identify the non-serving base station, to be used for the non-serving base station receiving means for determining the time of arrival received from non-serving base station to signal the estimated position of the reference signal.
 图9图示了根据图7的方法900的更详细的流程图,其中,响应于确定在相应的基站之间的系统时钟的定时偏移来从黑名单移除基站。  FIG 9 illustrates a more detailed flowchart of a method 900 of FIG. 7, wherein, in response to determining that the timing offset between the respective base stations in the system clock of the base station is removed from the blacklist. 更具体地,方法900进一步包括:确定902系统时钟相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,所述系统时钟用于支持无线信号的无线电传输。 More specifically, method 900 further comprises: determining the system clock 902 timing offset with respect to the first and second base stations, the system clock for the radio transmission of wireless signals. 一旦确定相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,就从其中第二基站是服务基站的一个或多个无线终端的黑名单中移除904第一基站,其中,该黑名单用于针对该一个或多个无线终端来识别非服务基站,该非服务基站不用于接收用于确定从非服务基站接收到的信号的到达时间估计的位置基准信号。 Once the timing offset with respect to the first and second base stations is determined, the first base station 904 is removed from the blacklist wherein a second base station serving one or more wireless terminals, wherein, for the blacklist for the one or more wireless terminals to identify the non-serving base station, the non-serving base station does not receive an arrival time for determining received from non-serving base station to the estimated position of the reference signal signal.
 虽然已经图示和描述了本发明的优选和其他实施例,但是应当清楚,本发明不限于此。  While there have been illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the present invention and other embodiments, it should be clear that the invention is not limited thereto. 在不偏离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,本领域内的普通技术人员可以进行多种修改、改变、变化、替代和等价。 Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, one of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications, changes, variations, substitutions and equivalents.
1. 一种在定位确定手段中使用的无线终端中的方法,所述定位确定手段使用在蜂窝网络中的所述无线终端和多个基站之间的到达时间估计,所述方法包括: 接收来自服务基站的辅助数据,以供在接收位置基准信号中使用,所述位置基准信号用于确定来自所述多个基站的相应位置基准信号相对于时间基准的到达时间,其中,所述辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在所述列表中的每个基站是下述中的一个:用作所述多个基站的一部分来接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计,或被排除用作所述多个基站的一部分来接收所述位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计; 接收所述多个基站中每一个的所述位置基准信号,其中,对于所述多个基站中的每一个,针对相应的所接收位置基准信号中的每一个确定到达时间估 Arrival time difference between the wireless terminal and a plurality of base stations 1. A wireless terminal for use in determining the positioning of the means in the location determination in a cellular network using the means of estimation, the method comprising: receiving auxiliary data serving base station, for use in receiving a position reference signal, the reference signal for determining the position corresponding to the position of the reference signal from the plurality of base stations relative to the arrival time of the time reference, wherein the auxiliary data comprises list of base stations, each base station includes in the list is the following one: as a part of the plurality of base stations to receive the reference signal and determining a position location reference signal arrival time of the received estimate, or is excluded as a portion of the plurality of base stations receiving the position signals and determine the arrival time of the reference position of the reference received signal estimates; receiving a position reference signal for each of said plurality of base stations, wherein, for the said plurality of base stations each for each respective reference position of the received signal determines the time of arrival estimates ;以及将所述多个基站中每一个的所述到达时间估计转发到定位确定实体; 其中,所述辅助数据包括基站的白名单,所述白名单包括除了要用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号到达时间估计的所述服务基站之外的基站,其中,所述白名单包括除来自所接收邻居基站列表的基站以外的基站,所述邻居基站列表作为来自所述服务基站的消息的一部分被接收。 ; And each of said plurality of base stations of the estimated arrival time is forwarded to the location determination entity; wherein the auxiliary data including white list of base stations, in addition to the white list comprises a location for receiving a reference signal and determines the position of the reference signal received by the base station than the serving base station estimates the arrival time, wherein the white list comprises a base station other than the base station received from the neighbor list, the neighbor BS list from the serving base station as part of the message is received.
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述白名单包括对于所述无线终端不可用于建立通信连接而可用于从其接收位置基准信号的基站。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the white list includes the wireless terminal is not available for establishing a communication connection may be used for a base station receiving signals from a reference position.
3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,来自具有邻居列表的所述服务基站的所述消息是来自用于移动性测量的所述服务基站的消息的一部分。 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the message from the serving base station has a neighbor list from the message is part of the serving base station for measurement of mobility.
4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述辅助数据包括基站的黑名单,所述黑名单包括被排除用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号到达时间估计的基站。 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary data comprises a black list of base stations, comprising the blacklist is excluded for receiving a reference position signal and a reference signal to determine the position of the base station received the estimated arrival time.
5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述黑名单包括要从其他所接收邻居基站的列表中减掉的基站。 The method according to claim 4, wherein said black list comprises a neighbor list from the base station to other base station received subtracted.
6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,作为所述辅助数据的一部分被包括的基站的所述列表包括通信小区标识符的列表,其包括作为下述之一的通信小区的标识符:该通信小区用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计,或该通信小区被排除用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计。 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the list is included as part of the auxiliary base station comprises a list of communication data identifiers of a cell, which includes an identifier of a communication cell to one of the following: the cell for receiving the communication signals and determine the position of the reference position of the reference arrival time of the received signal is estimated, or the cell is excluded for receiving a communications reference signal and determining a position location reference signal arrival time of the received estimates.
7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,要被排除的所述通信小区包括具有从相同定位源发的信号的一个或多个通信小区集合中的一个或多个相应子集。 The method according to claim 6, wherein the communication to be excluded includes a cell made from the same positioning of a source signal or a plurality of communication cells in the set of one or more respective subsets.
8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述位置基准信号是来自基站的专用于确定在无线终端处到达时间估计的信号,用于在确定所述无线终端的定位中使用。 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said reference signal is a position signal from a base station is dedicated to determining the estimated time of arrival at the wireless terminal, for use in determining the positioning of said wireless terminal.
9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述定位确定实体是定位服务器。 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said location server is a location determination entity.
10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述位置基准信号被编码为OFDM下行链路数据信道的一部分。 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said reference position signal is encoded as part of the OFDM downlink data channel.
11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述蜂窝网络是长期演进蜂窝网络。 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein said cellular network is a long term evolution cellular network.
12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述无线终端是无线电电话。 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein said wireless terminal is a radio telephone.
13. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:确定系统时钟相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,所述系统时钟用于支持无线信号的无线电传输; 其中,一旦确定相对于所述第一基站和所述第二基站的定时偏移,就将所述第一基站添加到以所述第二基站作为所述服务基站的一个或多个无线终端的所述白名单,其中,所述白名单用于针对所述一个或多个无线终端来识别非服务基站,所述非服务基站要用于接收位置基准信号,所述位置基准信号用于确定从所述非服务基站接收到的信号的到达时间估计。 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a timing offset relative to the system clock of the first and second base stations, the system clock for the radio transmission of the wireless signal; wherein, upon determining relative the timing offset and the first base station to the second base station, will be added to the first base station to the second base station as the one or more wireless terminals of the serving base station whitelist, wherein , for the white list for the one or more wireless terminals to identify the non-serving base station, the non-serving base station to a position for receiving a reference signal, the reference signal for determining the position received from the non-serving base station arrival time signal estimate.
14. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:确定系统时钟相对于第一基站和第二基站的定时偏移,所述系统时钟用于支持无线信号的无线电传输; 其中,一旦确定相对于所述第一基站和所述第二基站的定时偏移,就从以所述第二基站作为所述服务基站的一个或多个无线终端的黑名单中移除所述第一基站,其中,所述黑名单用于针对所述一个或多个无线终端来识别非服务基站,所述非服务基站不用于接收位置基准信号,所述位置基准信号用于确定从所述非服务基站接收到的信号的到达时间估计。 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining a timing offset relative to the system clock of the first and second base stations, the system clock for the radio transmission of the wireless signal; wherein, upon determining relative the first base station timing offset and the second base station, the first base station to be removed from the blacklist to the second base station as the serving base station to one or more of the wireless terminal, wherein, the blacklist is used to identify the non-serving base station for the one or more wireless terminals, the non-serving base station does not receive position for a reference signal, the reference signal for determining the position received from the non-serving base station to estimated arrival time of the signal.
15. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,作为所述辅助数据的一部分被包括的基站的所述列表作为系统信息广播信号的一部分被发射。 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein said base station list is included as part of the assistance data is transmitted as part of system information broadcast signal.
16. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,作为所述辅助数据的一部分被包括的基站的所述列表作为向一个或多个无线终端传送的无线电资源控制消息的一部分被发射。 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein said base station list is included as part of the auxiliary data transmitted as a radio resource to one or more wireless terminal control message portion is transmitted.
17. -种在蜂窝无线通信网络中使用的无线终端,所述蜂窝无线通信网络具有包括服务基站的多个基站,所述无线终端包括: 收发信机,所述收发信机包括发射机和接收机; 计时器,所述计时器用于保存本地时间基准;以及控制器,所述控制器被耦合到所述收发信机和所述计时器,所述控制器包括: 定位确定模块,所述定位确定模块适于: 管理对来自所述服务基站的辅助数据的接收,以确定在多个基站中每一个的时间基准和所述本地时间基准之间的定时关系,其中,所述辅助数据包括基站的列表,包括在所述列表中的每个基站是下述中的一个:用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计,或被排除用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号的到达时间估计; 经由所述收发信机来管理对多个相应位置基准信号的接收,所 17. - Species wireless terminal for use in a cellular wireless communication network, said cellular wireless communication network having a plurality of base stations including a serving base station, the wireless terminal comprising: a transmitter and receiver transceiver, the transceiver comprising machine; a timer for storing local time reference; and a controller, said controller being coupled to said transceiver and said timer, said controller comprising: a position determination module, the positioning determining module adapted to: receive assistance data management from the serving base station to determine the timing relationship between the time reference of each of said local time reference and a plurality of base stations, wherein the auxiliary data comprises a base station list, comprising for each base station in the list is one of the following: a position for receiving a reference signal and determining the position of the reference arrival time of the received signal is estimated, or excluded for receiving a reference signal and determines the position receiving a reference signal arrival time of the position estimate; via the transceiver to receive a plurality of respective positions manage reference signals, the 述位置基准信号每一个具有在所述无线终端内的接收时间; 从针对所述多个基站中每一个而确定的定时关系和所接收位置基准信号来计算所接收位置基准信号中每一个的到达时间估计;以及管理将所述多个基站中每一个的所述到达时间估计向定位确定实体的传输; 其中,所述辅助数据包括基站的白名单,所述白名单包括除了要用于接收位置基准信号并确定所接收位置基准信号到达时间估计的所述服务基站之外的基站,其中,所述白名单包括除来自所接收邻居基站列表的基站以外的基站,所述邻居基站列表作为来自所述服务基站的消息的一部分被接收。 Said reference position signal for each receiving time in the wireless terminal having; reach every position of the received reference signal and the timing relationship is calculated from the received signal for the reference position of each of the plurality of base stations determined time estimates; and the management of the plurality of base stations each determine the estimated time of arrival of a transport entity to the location; wherein the auxiliary data including white list of base stations, in addition to the white list comprises means for receiving position determining a reference position of the reference signal and the received signal of the base station other than the serving base station estimates the arrival time, wherein the white list comprises a base station other than the base station received from the neighbor list, the neighbor base stations from the list as a said serving base part of the message is received.
18. 根据权利要求17所述的无线终端,进一步包括耦合到所述控制器的存储器存储单元,其适于存储所接收辅助数据。 18. The wireless terminal of claim 17, further comprising a memory storage unit coupled to the controller, adapted to store the received auxiliary data.
MX2013012142A (en) * 2011-04-18 2014-03-27 Inst Presbiteriano Mackenzie Process and system to determine temporal changes in retransmission and propagation of signals used to measure distances, syncronize actuators and georeference applications.


Europe is facing significant air travel disruption on Tuesday because of public-sector workers' strikes in Germany and France that affect some of the countries' main airports.
The strike by Germany's Verdi union, which is protesting over pay, means ground handling and support services won't show up on Tuesday at Frankfurt, Munich, Cologne and Bremen airports. Part of the airports' fire brigades will also refrain from working.
Verdi's strike began at 5 a.m. Central European Time, and will last until 6 p.m. As a result, Lufthansa, the German national carrier, has had to cancel half of its 1,600 scheduled flights for Tuesday, including 58 long-haul flights. The airline says 90,000 passengers are affected.
Air France, meanwhile, has had to cancel a quarter of its flights on Tuesday due to industrial action specifically targeting the French airline, this time affecting many pilots and cabin crew as well as ground staff. Only 65% of Air France's long haul flights from Paris Charles de Gaulle will take off today.
Verdi and other German civil servants' unions want their 2.3 million members to get a pay raise of at least 6%, to make up for the disparity between public-sector pay and that in the private sector, which has steamed ahead over the last couple decades.
The next round of negotiations starts this weekend. If unsuccessful, this warning strike might cascade into more widespread disruption.


Engineering - Aztec Industries, Inc.
We provide structural engineering services to the commercial, Industrial and Manufacturing sectors. Our team is compose of extremely talented individual ready to help solve any problem presented to them. We strive and encourage our team to provide our customers with the utmost professional attention you deserve.
Custom or Design-Build Applications such as equipment support frames and skids.
In-House Engineering and Design team with Professional Engineers.
In-House Shop drawing detailing with experienced structural steel designers.
Ladders with or without cages.
Stairs with or without Landings.
Equipment Skids and support framing.
Over-Head Cranes and Support Framing.


Help your kids stay shaded from the harsh sun by opting for our wide-brimmed hat to keep them safe and well-protected. With convenient toggle and tie, these pink Trixie Tropical sun hats are the epitome of playground chic. We can't get enough of the fresh and fun design that offers a slight vintage-inspired nod to classic summertime fashion.


text: Q: Is it possible to use Hadoop MiniCluster without having Hadoop installed locally? Is it possible with hadoop-mini-cluster or it is just a tool for running cluster locally and it requires to have Hadoop installed on your machine?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Working with children with autism and speech delay, NEETs, PRUs, school staff and parents and the elderly.
Focusing on young people with emotional and behaviour disorders and people with learning difficulties.
Peter Keserue's role combines accounts and administration with delivering music support programmes to schools.
Liza Millano is COVO's administrator.
Claire Hallam is COVO's family liaison officer.
Discuss your needs with us - with no obligation.


I must admit I was surprised to see a reference to the "lower orders" in Ramachandra Guha's book (India after Gandhi) in connection with the voting in the 2004 elections in India (How Modern is Modern?). I was curious to see when this sort of characterization disappeared in Europe. Given that we dealt with Hobbes' articulation of equality in the previous post (Individualism, Social Contract, Governance and Modernity) this also provides a neat opportunity to round off this discussion.
It should be clear that in South Asia we are nowhere close to this kind of political equality of individuals or attainment of natural rights, not even in India. We are still in the world of higher and lower orders, not in the law, but in how people think of each other and how they act in practice.
All the old political powers in Europe, the greatest as well as the least, have been founded in ages of aristocracy, and they represented and were more or less willing to defend the principle of inequality and privilege. To make the new wants and interests prompted by growing equality preponderant in the government, it was therefore necessary to overthrow or coerce the established powers. This led men to make revolutions…. I do not think there is a single country in Europe where the progress of equality has not been preceded or followed by some violent changes in the status of property and of persons and all these changes have been accompanied by much anarchy and license.
This entry was posted on February 4, 2008 at 3:16 am and is filed under Democracy, Governance, Modernity, Politics, South Asia.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Bob's RepairUsing Blockchain in the home repair industry.
BOB is an ERC20 Utility Token operating on the Ethereum network. Its main use is as a reward on Bob's Repair platform, which serves as a medium between skilled trade workers and customers. The reward is split between contractors and customers after completing the job. Furthermore, BOB tokens can be used as a means of payment.
Bob's Repair project is starting to gain momentum. In April 2018, the platform's prototype went live, and was released to the public shortly after. In addition, the developers are already working on a fully functional mobile app.
There are 360 000 000 BOB tokens in total, and the Market Cap of Bob's Repair tokens reached $908 295 as of November 2018.


NSW Premier Barry O'Farrell has conferred the inaugural NSW Human Rights Award on Andrew Penfold, founder of the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation.
There was more than a touch of Jewish flavour behind the presentation in the NSW Parliament.
The award was established in memory of one of the historical giants in the world of human rights…the late Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish diplomat who single-handedly saved tens of thousands of lives most of which were Jewish during the Holocaust. Ervin Forrester, a Sydney resident who was rescued by Wallenberg addressed the meeting.
Also attending the presentation were many representatives of Sydney's Jewish community including the CEO of The New South Wales Jewish Board of Deputies Vic Alhadeff and Shalom Institute's Dr Hilton Immerman.
Immerman nominated Penfold. The Shalom Institute, mentioned by Penfold in his acceptance speech, has been responsible for the Shalom Scholarships at the University of NSW. The Shalom Gamarada Scholarship Program offers residence at Shalom College to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students studying at UNSW. The program runs in partnership with: the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation; UNSW's Nura Gili Indigenous Programs Unit and the Muru Marri Indigenous Health Unit.
Alhadeff was one of the three judges. As Premier O'Farrell pointed out it's not often that three judges reach a unanimous decision.


The rules of the Shaftesbury Rodeo Academy are simple: no school, no rodeo. It's a message that teenagers who attend school at Bisley Farm, most of whom have never attended any school regularly, take seriously. Because come Friday night, these aspiring rodeo heroes want to join their friends to ride bulls for a heart-stopping eight seconds, if they last that long.
The school in rural Queensland, Australia, also teaches the boys, who are of the Wakka Wakka Aboriginal people, basic academics and farming skills, including how to care for crops and livestock. It's a fairly common form of schooling in Australia, an alternative education for students with troubled backgrounds. For many of them, Bisley Farm is the best chance for them to improve their lives.
But rules are rules. In order to participate in the school's weekly Friday night rodeo, students must attend class Monday through Thursday and do all their work, including helping to manage a herd of beef cattle. Perhaps not surprisingly, student attendance and performance have shot up.
"These are really tough kids," says Kristian Wale, director of the Shaftesbury Centre, which sponsors Bisley Farm, and a member of the Rotary Club of New Farm, Brisbane. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Indigenous peoples make up 3 percent of the country's population. But they make up 50 percent of the juvenile detention and 27 percent of the adult prison populations.
And none of it would exist without Rotary.
George Grant wanted to do something for the Aboriginal teenagers after attending a Rotary grants seminar in 2010. He was president of the Rotary Club of Bribie Island when he met Wale at the conference. The two began to formulate an idea for a cattle operation near Cherbourg, sponsored by the Shaftesbury Centre.
At first, the naysayers seemed right, Grant says, particularly when the scope of the problem began being mapped out. They would have to buy cattle, trailers, fencing, and a school building. Then what would they do with the beef? If the operation was to be sustainable, they would have to figure out a way to get the beef to market.
So they started small: six head of cattle, a trailer, and some fencing. They soon started applying for money through Rotary, more than US$120,000.
Supported by fundraisers from surrounding clubs, the Bribie Island club managed to donate thousands of dollars toward the project.
Rotary members create a rodeo school for Aboriginal boys in rural Queensland.


With 10 Individual Compartments, The Compartments Have Transparent Covers.
So You Can Keep Your Hooks, Weights, Shot, Flies Etc.
Made Out Of Strong Plastic, This Pocket Box Is Easy To Keep Clean And Durable For Long Time Use.
It's used for storing fishing hook, fish lure bait or another small tool kit.
It can be used to store Loom bands, earrings, necklace, bead, finger ring or other small jewelry.