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Endpapers: A family story of books, war escape, and home
Hosted By: The Center for Jewish History
Researched over a year that author Alexander Wolff spent living in Berlin, Endpapers excavates the extraordinary histories of his grandfather and father: the renowned publisher Kurt Wolff, dubbed "perhaps the twentieth century's most discriminating publisher" by the New York Times Book Review, and Kurt's son Niko, who fought in the Wehrmacht during World War II before coming to America.
Born in Bonn into a highly cultured German-Jewish family, Kurt Wolff set up his own publishing firm at 23, publishing Franz Kafka, Joseph Roth, Karl Kraus, and many other authors whose books would soon be burned by the Nazis. Fleeing Germany in 1933, Kurt and his second wife immigrated to New York, where they founded Pantheon Books, which would soon take its own place in literary history. But Kurt's son Niko, offspring of his first marriage to Elisabeth Merck, was left behind in Germany, where despite his Jewish heritage he served the Nazis on two fronts. With surprising revelations from never-before-published family letters, diaries, and photographs, Endpapers is a moving and intimate family story, weaving a literary tapestry of the perils, triumphs, and secrets of history and exile.
Thu. Jan. 20, 2022
Alexander Wolff
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A little background first. Until a few weeks ago I had never turned wood on a lathe. I built a makeshift lathe from parts I had and of course about a week later someone gave me a Shopsmith 10e - the oldest model made I believe. I spent a couple weekends resurrecting it from the dead and making a tool rest and drive center for the lathe function. I've also made a skew chisel and now I'm planning to make a roughing gouge, parting tool, and probably a bowl gouge. My potential starting materials are coil spring, leaf spring, old files, or some O1 drill rod.
I don't have a press or power hammer, so I'm looking for a good way to form the roughing gouge. My thinking is using the leaf spring for this, but pounding it into the deep "U" shape needed using the step and horn will definitely be time consuming and it may be difficult for me to get a uniform shape six to eight inches long. I've considered fabricating a tool that will support the edges and a top fuller that I can use to create the channel, but I thought I'd ask if anyone has a better idea before I get started down that road.
are you going to grind or file the back of the chisel smooth? I would start with a tapered end of a leaf spring, hot cut a piece to work with and use a bottom swage to form it into using a cross peen peen. Do you have a good one to use as a model?
I will be using my grinder to do as much of additional shaping and sharpening as possible. I don't have any attachments right now which will allow me to grind in the channel though.
I don't have a roughing gouge to lay eyes on while working. All I really have is pictures and videos I've seen to estimate the dimensions and approximate shape.
I'd have to create a bottom swage to do that, but I do have a combination straight and cross pein hammer with fairly large radii that I can use to at least get the shape close. I might have to switch to a smaller pein or fuller to get deep enough though.
Thanks for the responses and the tip. The back side should be no problem to clean up well.
A cross peen hammer with a wide peen will mark up the inside which as long as the dings are not extreme will not cause too many functional problems. If you want it to b be pretty inside use a fuller on the top rather than hitting it directly with a hammer. In this case a fuller can be as simple as a larger diameter piece of round bar with a smaller bar welded on as a handle. Think hotdog on a stick. A striker with a sledge is very helpful but not necessary. Make sure you round the ends of the fuller so you don't have sharp corners to dig into the inside.
This will be a one man operation, but I should be able to make a hardy hole mounted spring fuller to do that part of the job. I'm just trying to figure out what to do for the bottom swage. I considered trying to use wood since this will probably be a one-off item, but I don't think that would work well on the anvil and I don't have a good size stump I can modify. I will figure something out though.
I learned to turn on a Shopsmith. I'd advise getting a mini lath like the Nova instead! When I had a big turning job to do, I bought a nova lathe! The difference was astounding!!! High speed steel is ideal for lathe chisels... I would be satisfied that a roughing gouge made from leaf spring would perform reasonably well though! A piece of black pipe ought to work pretty well as a mandrel to form the u shape needed! I wouldn't be afraid to free hand such on my anvil top... but I am pretty skilled now. I'd leave the leaf spring quite thick, as the weight and stiffness are assets for such a tool! Ideally, I would select one that starts out at a good thickness so that all I'd have to do is form the tang and roll the U shape!
Thanks for the additional replies. bigfootnampa, I'm not sure how much I'll get into turning wood, since so far I enjoy hitting hot steel a bit more, but if I do move forward with it I'll definitely check out the Nova lathe.
Jspool, thanks for the link. I was forging some of the tools when you posted, but the info regarding shaping the bowl gouge is helpful for grinding the cutting edge and possibly for future gouges as well.
Now I need to turn some handles for the tools I made and see how they work out. The tools I made from coil spring still have a long enough "handle" portion that I can use them to turn their own wooden handles and then cut them off at the end of the drawn down tang areas for inserting into the wooden handles. I just need to see if I have some suitable pieces of wood, a day when sweat will actually evaporate, and a little time.
How did you get on with the gouge?
I suggest that you have a quick look through Alexander Weyger's book the Complete Modern Blacksmith for an interesting method. Especially. check out his section on making a large roughing gouge and, if I remember correctly, finger gouges for bowl turning work. He was a wood sculptor first and an excellent smith.
Ultimately I got something that works well. Used it yesterday and it makes the chips fly effortlessly. Looking back now I would have formed it differently. I took 3 sections of leaf spring from a semi trailer (each 3/4 inch thick) and made a blacksmith's helper so I could do the project solo. I placed 2 pieces of the leaf spring I was using for the gouge between the 3 pieces of trailer spring then welded the 2 outer pieces in place with some flat straps between them. Using a smaller leaf spring, I bent a U shape that fit through my hardy hole, welded one end to the previously mentioned contraption so it sits on the anvil's sweet spot, and then bent the other end around so I could weld the 3rd piece in place hovering above and between the other two. All of these are in the on edge arrangement, and they are rounded on the edges already so I didn't have to do much more than clean them up to use them. After welding a couple guides to keep the piece centered I heated my stock, slid it into place and used an 8 pound sledge to get things started. It worked fairly well (although it took more heats than I anticipated) until the flute was more than halfway to where I wanted to be and then the piece started turning sideways and slipping down between the 2 pieces rather than continuing to wrap around and form a good U shape, so I had to finish that up by hand. It's a little over a quarter inch thick, so it's plenty sturdy and it worked better than I had anticipated.
If I had to do it again, or if I do it again, I will probably try to get the flute started with the step of the anvil and a straight peen hammer. I think once the middle starts to flex I can get the rest of it where it needs to be with just hammer and anvil. I may keep one of those pieces around so I can have the 3/4 inch thick rounded edge to use for straightening and getting a uniform flute shape though.
That's probably somewhat confusing and a lot more info than you wanted, but you did ask.
Buzzkill, I'm late to the party but I've seen a few youtubers who made gouges out of tubular bicycle frames by grinding/cutting the tubing lengthwise.
You might also find that bed rail is a decent stock to start with as well. Being at a 90 degree corner, you'd be opening the bend against a mandrel, rather than closing a flat with a swage.
Walter Sorrels did a mini-series on making a set of wood turning tools, check his youtube channel, it's well worth a look.


Time for some home truths. Or to be more precise, home and away truths. Stoke City's position in he Premier League is in peril and it has to be viewed with clear eyes. That is not necessarily the case among supporters who have abandoned hope. And optimists within the club's ranks have to be more than cheer leaders.
The 3-0 defeat by Arsenal was City's season in microcosm, complete with referee scapegoat. It bears looking at calmly.
During the build-up, Paul Lambert told The Sentinel that City would be going with a 'plan to win.' Not just a steely determination. A plan. To win.
He would surely have felt renewed confidence when he was handed a copy of Arsenal's team sheet. Arsène Wenger has clearly identified winning the Europa League as the best chance of qualifying for next season's Champions League, and is deploying his resources accordingly. Against Stoke, Arsenal's starting line-up was without Cech, Koscielny, Shaqa, Mkhitaryan and Lazazaette. All three were on duty against SKA Moscow four days later. Lambert would have been entitled to tell his players that Wenger either wasn't bothered about winning or had decided the Potters could be beaten without breaking sweat. A ready-made team talk delivered on a team sheet, courtesy of the hosts.
What followed on the pitch was a performance that supporters and management have prised generously. True, Stoke ran around and harassed more energetically than was seen under Mark Hughes, but created little against a listless Arsenal.
Whatever was said during the interval, it gradually became apparent that more had been demanded of the home side.
Then referee Craig Pawson awarded Arsenal a penalty. He was wrong, as has been universally claimed, invariably accompanied by the words 'as replays clearly showed.' Had Pawson been watching from his sofa at home he would have agreed. However, he was officiating on the pitch with a different perspective..
Still, it was a mistake as Paul Lambert insisted. Lambert had sent on Saido Berahino, a player he has described as having all the attributes of a natural finisher. But Berahino failed to deliver yet again.
Make what you will of statistics, but the figures showed City having had just 30% of possession from which they had conjured only two shots on target. Lambert inherited a squad with glaring weaknesses. He has made some progress in defence but in attack too much still depends upon Shaqiri. A record of seven points from 30, is a less than convincing start to a thirty-month contract.
Mathematically, anything can still happen. But let's be realistic. To assert Stoke are where they are after 33 games is due to bad luck and bad refereeing is ludicrous self-deception.


First released in September 2013, the T440s is a lightweight, durable 14" business notebook that shipped with 4th generation Intel processors.
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The ThinkPad T440s is a 14" laptop that can be identified by model number 20AQ008FUS. This device has an outstanding battery life at 30 hours. The device is light and portable, weighing close to 5 lbs. The device comes with high durability as well as a unique keyboard with an improved ergonomic design. The HD + LED Back-lit Matte display features a 1600x900 pixel screen resolution to deliver good visuals and restrict glare. It has improved technology such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, along with much more updated technology features. The audio on this device is outstanding as well with Dolby Advanced Audio. The Lenovo ThinkPad T440s has 16GB worth of storage. The camera on this ThinkPad is an HD camera coming in at 720p and is equipped with Face Tracking. The Lenovo ThinkPad T440s is no longer in production but nonetheless, this device seems to be a great Laptop to have. Although the device is no longer being made, the device can possibly still be found in stores or online.
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