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We Read All Of Prince Harry's New Memoir "Spare," And Here Are 37 Of The Most Fascinating Details Shared In The Book
January 12, 2023, 10:53 PM ·43 min read
After recently participating in a Netflix docuseries and giving several TV interviews, Prince Harry has released Spare, his memoir that gives the full story about his time as a member of the royal family.
In the book, Harry details everything from the aftermath of his mother's death, his often rocky relationship with his father and brother, his time in the military, his relationship with Meghan Markle, and his groundbreaking decision to leave the royal family in order to protect his wife and children.
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While nearly all 407 pages of the book are full of royal bombshells, here are 37 of the buzziest details and stories Harry shared in Spare:
1.Harry was on vacation at Balmoral Castle with his father and brother when his mother, Princess Diana, was killed in a car accident in Paris. He said that Charles came into his room in the early morning to break the news. "'They tried, darling boy. I'm afraid she didn't make it,'" he wrote. "These phrases remain in my mind like darts on a board." Despite the devastating news, Harry wrote, "What I do remember with startling clarity is that I didn't cry. Not one tear." After leaving church that morning, Harry said the family's car pulled over to look at the mementos mourners had left, as the press stood nearby. "I reached for my father's hand, for comfort, then cursed myself, because that gesture set off an explosion of clicks," he said. "I'd given them exactly what they wanted. Emotion. Drama. Pain."
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Diana's funeral was held in London several days later. Although Harry wrote that Diana's brother, Charles Spencer, was against the public spectacle of her sons walking behind her coffin, he was later overruled. Harry added that the only time he cried over Diana's death as a child was when her coffin was lowered into the ground. "It was reported that Mummy's hands were folded across her chest and between them was placed a photo of me and Willy, possibly the only two men who ever truly loved her. Certainly the two who loved her most," he said. "For all eternity we'd be smiling at her in the darkness, and maybe it's this image, as the flag came off and the coffin descended to the bottom of the hole, that finally broke me. My body convulsed and my chin fell and I began to sob uncontrollably into my hands. I felt ashamed of violating the family ethos, but I couldn't hold it in any longer."
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2.Throughout the book, Harry recalled the years he spent believing that his mother wasn't actually dead. "This was all a trick. And for once the trick wasn't being played by the people around me, or the press, but by Mummy," he wrote. "Her life's been miserable, she's been hounded, harassed, lied about, lied to. So, she staged an accident as a diversion and run away. The realization took my breath away, made me gasp with relief." He said he momentarily doubted that she still was alive after his aunt, Sarah, presented him and William each with a lock of Diana's hair. "This could be anybody's hair. Mummy, her beautiful blonde hair intact, was out there somewhere."
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When Harry returned to school, he said some of his teachers encouraged him to write a "final" letter to Diana. "I have a vague memory of wanting to protest that she was still alive, and yet not doing so, for fear they'd think I was mad," he wrote. Harry eventually shared this idea with William. "I shared my theory with Willy, about Mummy being in hiding," he said. "He admitted that he'd once entertained a similar theory. But ultimately, he'd discarded it." Harry added that part of the reason William didn't believe it was because he thought that she would never want to put her sons through the pain of her disappearance.
Harry said he finally decided he needed concrete proof of Diana's death. "With solid proof, I thought, I could properly mourn and cry and move on," he wrote. He said he asked one of his secretaries to get him the police report from the scene of the accident. Although the secretary obliged, Harry said that he removed many of the graphic images before giving it to him. To Harry, the photos represented the role the paparazzi played in Diana's death. "I hadn't been aware, before this moment, the last thing Mummy saw on this Earth was a flashbulb," he wrote. In 2007, Harry went to Paris to see the tunnel where Diana was killed. "I got the closure I was pretending to seek. I got it in spades," he wrote. "And now I'd never be able to get rid of it. I thought driving the tunnel would bring an end, or brief cessation, to the pain, the decade of unrelenting pain. Instead, it brought on the start of pain, part deux."
3.In the years following Diana's death, Harry said that Charles wasn't "made for single parenthood." He added that Charles was very aware about his own negative public perception in the wake of Diana's death, and invited Harry to accompany him on a trip to meet Nelson Mandela and the Spice Girls, which he hoped would earn him "positive headlines, which he sorely needed." Harry recalled feeling like he "needed" Charles on that trip. He also added that Charles would often leave Harry notes on his pillow about how proud he was of him in those years.
4.Harry said that during his school years, he refused to learn about British history, which infuriated many of his teachers, who he claimed argued that he should make more of an effort to learn about his family. "The Spare could always be spared," he wrote. "I knew this, knew my place, so why go out of my way to study it? Why memorize the names of past spares? What was the sense in that? More, why trace my family tree when all tracery led to the same severed branch — Mummy?"
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He also noted that during this time, he began to misbehave in school, writing that he would frequently sneak out of his room and was disruptive in class. He said that the punishments doled out included detention, being sent to teachers' offices to be reprimanded, and being hit with a Bible. "There was no torture Ludgrove (his school) could dish out that surpassed what was going on inside me," he wrote.
5.Harry wrote at length about his father's relationship with Camilla Parker Bowles, who he was linked to for decades before marrying in 2005. Harry recalled that William was suspicious that there was another woman in his parents' relationship, but said he was too young to pick up on anything, although he noticed there was a lack of stability and warmth in their home. When Charles told his sons he was officially seeing Camilla, Harry said they were happy for him. "Camilla had played a pivotal role in the unraveling of our parents' marriage, and yes, that meant she played a role in our mother's disappearance, but we understood that she'd been trapped like everyone else in the riptide of events," he wrote. "We didn't blame her, and in fact we gladly forgive her if she could make Pa happy."
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However, Harry said the boys did not want Charles to marry Camilla because they felt it would invite comparison between Camilla and Diana. As Charles and Camilla's relationship progressed, Harry noted that Camilla began to use the press to her advantage. "She began to play the long game, a campaign aimed at marriage and eventually the Crown (with Pa's blessing, we presumed)," he wrote. "Stories began to appear everywhere, in all the papers, about her private conversation with Willy, stories that contained pinpoint accurate details, none of which had come from Willy, of course. They could only have been leaked by the one other person present." Throughout the rest of the book, Harry notes several other times where he believes his father and Camilla planted stories about him and William in order to bolster their own public image.
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6.When Harry got to school at Eton, he said that he "was in way, way over my head" academically, and added that he turned to sports and his social life. One night, he allowed his friends to shave his head, in part to cement his reputation as a "jokester." Within a few days, the haircut was on the front page of the tabloids, which shocked him. "I'd dealt with the British press all my life, but they never before singled me out," he wrote. "In fact, since Mummy's death, an unspoken agreement had governed press treatment of both her sons, and the agreement went like this: lay off. Let them have their education and peace. Apparently, that agreement had now expired."
Several weeks later, Harry said he broke a bone in his thumb while playing rugby. The tabloids soon began printing stories saying that Harry had been in a terrible accident and claimed he was on life support. "My existence was just fun and games to these people. I wasn't a human being to them. I wasn't a 14-year-old boy hanging on by his fingernails. I was a cartoon character, a glove puppet to be manipulated and mocked for fun." Soon, he began to gain a reputation for being "the naughty one" in the papers. "I wanted to be good, work hard, grow up and do something meaningful with my days. But every sin, every mess up, every setback triggered the same tired label, and the same public condemnation, and thereby reinforced the conventional wisdom that I was innately naughty."
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7.Throughout the book, Harry references the idea that he would forever be referred to as the "Spare" to William's "Heir," an association that would prove to affect their relationship for their entire lives. "Willy was the Heir, whereas I was the Spare," he wrote. "There is no judgment about it, but also no ambiguity. I was the shadow, the support, the plan B. I was brought into the world in case something happened to Willy. I was summoned to provide backup, distraction, diversion and, if necessary, a spare part. Kidney, perhaps blood transfusion. Speck of bone marrow. This was all made explicitly clear to me from the start of life's journey and regularly reinforced thereafter."
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Both William and Harry attended Eton. While Harry said he was excited to go to the same school as his brother, William told him to act like they didn't know each other, because he had already carved out his own life there. Harry wrote that as children, William believed that Harry "got away with everything," writing that after one fight, "I could just make out the future king of England, plotting his revenge." The comparisons of heir vs. spare continued well into their adult years. When William joined the military, he was technically a subordinate to Harry, who wrote, "For a brief moment, spare outranked heir."
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Harry said that he and William lived together in their 20s, and wrote that they had a lot of fun together, so they decided to do a joint interview. Harry was shocked when, during the interview, William told reporters that Harry was a slob who snored, which he said was not true. Although William claimed it was said in good fun, Harry said he wasn't so sure. "When I look back on it now, I can't help but wonder if there wasn't something else at play," he wrote. "I was training to get to the front lines, the same place Willy had been training to get, but the palace had scheduled his plans. The spare, sure let him run around a battlefield like a chicken with its head cut off, if that's what he likes. But the heir? No."
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8.In Spare, Harry spoke fondly about his memories of Africa, where he spent a lot of time, both personally and for charity work. During one of his trips, he said he was told, "I think your body was born in Britain, but your soul was born here in Africa," which he called "possibly the highest compliment I'd ever received." Although he felt such a kinship with Africa, Harry said that his charity work there later became a point of contention between him and William. Harry claimed that when he told William about how happy Africa made him, William responded that he actually wanted causes in Africa to be his charity focus, and because he was the heir, he had priority. "He cared less about finding his purpose or passion than winning his lifelong competition with me," Harry wrote.
9.Harry said when he and William were home together, they spent a lot of time in what they called "Club H," an underground room in their house where they would drink with friends before sneaking out to pubs. Harry revealed that he lost his virginity to "an older woman" in a grassy field behind a pub on one of these nights. Soon after, he said he was approached by Marko, his and William's aide, for a meeting. Harry said that he was worried Marko had found out about him losing his virginity, but it was actually worse: A tabloid was claiming that they had evidence of Harry doing drugs in Club H and in a bike shed behind a pub. He denied the entire story.
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Even though Harry denied it, he wrote that the tabloid editor said she was going to run the story anyway, and noted that the Palace refused to deny it. Instead, he claimed that Charles and Camilla chose to "spin me right under the bus," by asserting that the story was true. "In one swoop this would appease the editor and also bolster the sagging reputation of Pa," he wrote. "Amid all this unpleasantness, all this distortion and gamesmanship, the spin doctor had discovered one silver lining, one shiny constellation prize for Pa. No more the unfaithful husband, Pa now would be presented to the world as the harried single dad coping with a drug-addled child." Harry said he was "heartbroken" when days later, a seven-page story appeared in the tabloids that claimed Harry was going to rehab.
10.Harry wrote that although Princess Margaret, Queen Elizabeth II's younger sister, was "almost a total stranger" to him, he noted the similarities in their lives. "Now and then, as I grew older, it struck me that Aunt Margo and I should have been friends," he wrote. "We had so much in common. Two spares. Her relationship with Granny wasn't an exact analog of mine with Willy, but pretty close. The simmering rivalry, the intense competition (driven largely by the older sibling), it all looked familiar." He also said he saw a link between Margaret and Diana. "Both rebels, both labeled as sirens," he wrote.
11.In June 2002, just before Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee and several months after the drug allegations broke in the media, Harry said he was once again approached by a tabloid, which claimed to have pictures of him doing cocaine. Harry wrote that the tabloid claimed that the only way to get the story to go away was if Harry met with one of the paper's editors to hear about why doing drugs was so bad. He wrote that he didn't want to do this, because he thought that agreeing to a meeting would be an admission of guilt, and instead, chose to deny that the editor had anything, even though he wrote that he had been doing cocaine. "It wasn't much fun, and it didn't make me particularly happy, as it seemed to make everyone around me, but it did make me feel different, and that was the main goal."
During this time, the press also learned that Harry had been accused of cheating at school. He was later cleared of any wrongdoing, but he wrote, "The damage was done. The accusation stuck." Despite this, he said the press moved forward with the story, and he wrote that the Palace refused to let him issue a statement defending himself.
12.Harry wrote that he felt a bit conflicted when it came to figuring out his post-Eton plans. He said he initially considered working as a ski instructor or a safari guide, but wrote that Charles quickly shot down those plans. "Part of me really did want to do something totally out of the box, something that would make everyone in the family, in the country, sit up and say: What the — ? Part of me wanted to drop out, disappear — as Mummy did," he wrote. "But another part of me felt hugely ambitious. People assumed that the Spare wouldn't or shouldn't have any ambition. People assume that royals generally had no career desires or anxieties. You're royal, everything's done for you, why worry? But in fact, I worried quite a lot about making my own way, finding my purpose in this world."
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After briefly considering going to university, Harry said he and Charles finally decided he would enter the military. "It made sense," he wrote. "It aligned with my desire to be outside the box, to disappear. The military would take me away from the prying eyes of the public and the press. But it also fitted with my hopes of making a difference. And it accorded with my personality." Before heading to boot camp, Harry decided to take a gap year, where he spent extensive time doing charity work in Africa.
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13.During his gap year, Harry began dating Chelsy Davy, who he said was "unlike so many girls I met." He wrote that he liked how "she wasn't visibly fitting herself for a crown the moment she shook my hand. She seemed immune to that common affliction sometimes called Throne Syndrome." He said that things were great while they were in Africa, but once they got back to Britain, the paparazzi began to pry into their relationship, which caused tension. "I advised Chelsy to treat it like a chronic illness, something to be managed," he wrote. "But she wasn't sure she wanted to have a chronic illness."
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14.In January 2005, Harry was invited to a "Natives and Colonials" party, and wrote that William and his new girlfriend, Kate Middleton, offered to help him pick out a costume. He said that he really liked Kate from the beginning. "Whenever I worried that Kate was going to be the one to take Willy away from me, I consoled myself with thoughts of all of our future laughing fits together, and I told myself how great everything would be when I had a serious girlfriend who could laugh along with us," he wrote. Harry said that he narrowed down his options to either a British pilot or a Nazi soldier, and he claimed that Will and Kate encouraged him to choose the Nazi costume.
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After the party, he said the media was clamoring to get photos from the event, adding they wanted them because they heard William was wearing a leopard costume. Once they got the photos, they noticed Harry's Nazi costume in the background and published the pictures. "What followed was a firestorm, which I thought at times would engulf me," he wrote. "I felt that I deserve to be engulfed. There are moments over the course of the next several weeks and months when I thought I might die of shame." He added that he hadn't been thinking "for some time" at that point, and wrote that Charles was surprisingly sympathetic to the situation and believed it would blow over. When it didn't, Harry wrote that he went to see a rabbi, who "urged me not to be devastated by my mistake, but instead to be motivated," and later visited with an Auschwitz survivor.
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15.Harry left for military boot camp in May 2005. "Boot camp was no picnic, but I never wavered in my belief that I was exactly where I was meant to be," he said. "They can't break me, I thought. Is it, I wondered, because I'm already broken?" He joked that boot camp almost felt like a holiday because of the lack of paparazzi there. Harry also wrote that he enjoyed the feeling of shedding his identity to become one unit with his fellow soldiers. "I couldn't tell how the other cadets felt about all this, but I bought in, all the way. Self? I was more than ready to shed that dead weight. Identity? Take it."
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In April 2006, Harry officially became Second Lieutenant Wales of the Blues and Royals. Queen Elizabeth II came to his passing-out parade, marking only the second time she had attended the event, which he called a "dazzling honor." He wrote that the public seemed to have mixed reactions about a royal going off to war. Soon after leaving for Iraq, he was called off the battlefield. British intelligence agents learned that photos of Harry had been circulating around Iraqi snipers, and that he was being called "the mother of all targets." When he returned home, he wrote, "I pondered quitting the army. What was the point of staying if I couldn't actually be a soldier?"
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16.After leaving the army, Harry wrote that he was partying a lot, and once again, became a target for the paparazzi. He claimed that photos of him looking aggressive or angry were worth more, and acknowledged getting into a physical altercation with a photographer. "Paps had always been grotesque people, but as I reached maturity they were worse," he wrote. "You could see it in their eyes, their body language. They were more emboldened, more radicalized, just as young men and Iraq had been radicalized." He wrote that he later adopted Diana's trick of hiding in the trunk of the car to avoid being photographed. "It felt like being in a coffin," he wrote. "I didn't care."
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17.During a trip to Africa around this time, Harry said his friends told him that he seemed incredibly unhappy. He agreed, and decided to approach his colonel to get back on the battlefield. He was asked to become a Forward Air Controller, a role that he wrote was highly coveted and required additional training, during which he said he was so happy he was "delirious." As he prepared to go back into combat, he wrote that he thought a lot about death. "If I die in Afghanistan, I thought, at least I'll never have to see another fake headline, read another shameful lie about myself," he said. "I thought a lot on that flight about dying. What would it mean? Did I care? I tried to picture my funeral. Would it be a state funeral? Private? I tried to imagine the headlines: Bye Harry. How would I be remembered by history? For the headlines? Or for who I actually was?"
Once Harry was back to work, he wrote that he believed he was finding his purpose. "I was a British soldier, on a battlefield, at last, a role for which I've been preparing all my life," he said. He was advancing in his role and had even been promoted when he was once again pulled from the battlefield because the press had revealed his whereabouts. He wrote that he struggled upon his return. "I just felt like being quiet," he said. "I felt out of place, a bit distant. At times I felt sort of panicky. At other times I felt angry."
18.Harry wrote that throughout his relationship with Chelsy, she struggled with the constant paparazzi presence. He said that she asked him to get the paparazzi to stop, and had to tell her there was nothing he could do, even when she found a tracking device on her car. "She wasn't sure if she was up for a lifetime of being stalked," he wrote. "I completely understood her desire for freedom. If I had a choice, I wouldn't want this life either." He also said that while he cherished Chelsy's carefree qualities, he worried about what the family would think. "I couldn't help worrying how Granny might feel about them. Or the British public. And the last thing I wanted was for Chels to change to accommodate them," he wrote. "I want it so badly to be a husband, a father... It takes a certain kind of person to withstand the scrutiny and I don't know if Chels can handle it. I don't know that I want to ask her to handle it."
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19.After being forced to leave combat for a second time, Harry said he vowed to find a way to come back. This time, he was given the opportunity to be a helicopter pilot, which he said he was wary of, because his father, grandfather, and brother had all been pilots. In 2009, Harry left for his training, and wrote that the military seemed surprised when he passed all of his drug tests. He called the first time he flew by himself one of the most wonderful moments of his life, and said that he felt as if he "was born to fly." In May 2010, Harry officially got his wings, and was pinned by his father. He also broke up with Chelsy because he knew he was headed to war and wanted her to be free to experience life. "The day I got my wings, I figured she got hers," he wrote.
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20.Shortly after, in November 2010, William and Kate announced their engagement, which was news that blindsided Harry, who had just gone on a trip with William. He said that the newspapers reported that he had nobly given William Diana's ring to propose with. "Absolute rubbish: none of it ever happened," he wrote. "I never gave Willy that ring because it wasn't mine to give. He already had it. He had asked for it after Mummy died, and I've been more than happy to let it go." Harry also said that William's engagement brought out complicated feelings in himself. "I'd always assumed I'd be the first to be married, because I wanted it so badly," he wrote. "I'd always assumed that I'd be a young husband, a young father, because I'd resolved not to become my father. He'd been an older dad, and I'd always felt that this created problems, placed barriers between us."
Harry wrote that William got drunk the night before the wedding, and wanted to go out and greet the crowds of people waiting outside to catch a glimpse of the processional the next day. He pointed out that it felt very similar to greeting the crowds after Diana's death, writing that what was supposed to be William's "best day, was echoing one of his worst." After the wedding, Harry said he couldn't help but think it was the end of an era. "I loved my new sister-in-law, I felt she was more sister than in-law, the sister I'd never had and always wanted," he wrote. "But, I couldn't help feeling that this was yet another farewell under this horrid roof. another sundering. The brother I'd escorted into Westminster Abbey that morning was gone — forever."
21.Just before the wedding, Harry said he had been invited on an excursion to the North Pole with a veterans' group he worked with. He believed it was a once in a lifetime opportunity, and even though the timing was tight with the wedding, he decided to go. "Upon arriving home, I'd been horrified to discover that my nether regions were frostnipped," he wrote. "While the ears and cheeks were already healing, the todger wasn't. It was becoming more of an issue by the day." He wrote that he was hesitant to tell his father about the issue, and instead turned to a friend for advice, who suggested that he put Elizabeth Arden cream on it. Harry also revealed that although he thought he probably needed to seek medical attention, he was hesitant to because he didn't want it in the papers.
22.In March 2012, Harry was asked to go on an official royal tour to commemorate Queen Elizabeth II's 60th year on the throne. Upon his return, he said he got rave reviews for his performance, and decided he deserved to celebrate before leaving for his deployment. He went on a trip to Las Vegas with his friends. "People kept handing me drinks, and by the time the sun was dipping over the mountains, I was in rough shape, and filling up with... ideas," he wrote. "I need something to commemorate this trip, I decided. Something to symbolize my sense of freedom, my sense of carpe diem. For instance... a tattoo?" He wrote that he planned on getting a tattoo of Botswana on his foot, but his plans got derailed. Instead, he wrote that they kept drinking and playing blackjack. At one point, he was losing so badly, that he had to strip naked.
The next day, naked photos of Harry were all over the media, which he claimed one of the women invited to the room had taken and sold. "I berated myself: How had I let it happen? How had I been so stupid? Why had I trusted other people?" he wrote. "I counted on strangers having goodwill, I'd counted on those dodgy girls showing some basic decency, and now I was going to pay the price forever. These photos would never go away. They were permanent. They'd make a foot tattoo of Botswana look like a splodge of Indian ink." He said he was relieved when his father and his then-girlfriend, Cressida Bonas, were sympathetic, and wrote that he was relieved to be going off to war as a distraction. In later years, he wrote that during an appearance, Chris Christie gifted him a fleece jacket, and joked that he could use it to keep himself clothed.
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23.After the scandal, Harry headed back to war, where he learned that members of the Taliban had cut a hole into a fence on base and were allegedly planning to kill him on his birthday. "The Taliban had learned about my presence on the base, and the granular details of my tour, through the non-stop coverage by the British press," he wrote. He remained in combat for the rest of his tour, and revealed that he killed 25 people while in the military. "It wasn't a number that gave me any satisfaction," he said. "But neither was it a number that made me feel ashamed. Naturally, I'd have preferred not to have that number on my military CV, on my mind, but by the same token I'd have preferred to live in a world in which there is no Taliban, a world without war." He added that he had to think of the people he killed as chess pieces, but said he thought he held a "problematic" viewpoint.
24.Following the end of his military career, Harry said he felt like he didn't have much of a purpose. After attending the Warrior Games, an athletic event for veterans, he decided to create something similar in the UK. When he brought up his idea to William, he wrote that William seemed jealous that Harry had come up with the idea on his own. "Hadn't he built up an insurmountable lead?," he wrote. "He was married, with a baby on the way, while I was eating takeaway alone over the sink." Harry ended up launching the Invictus Games, and held the first event in 2014. "I knew Invictus would do some good in the world, I always knew, but I was caught off guard by this wave of appreciation and gratitude. And joy," he wrote.
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25.In Spare, Harry opened up about suffering from panic attacks, which he said began in 2013, and were normally triggered by cameras. "The telltale click of a shutter opening and closing... it could knock me sideways for a whole day," he wrote. He also said he diagnosed himself with PTSD. "My war didn't begin in Afghanistan. It began in August 1997," he said, referring to Diana's death. One night on a ski vacation, he said his then-girlfriend, Cressida Bonas, asked him about his mother, adding that her tone was so compassionate that he found himself crying for the first time since her burial. "It was cathartic, it accelerated our bond, and added an element rare in past relationships: immense gratitude," he wrote. Despite this, he realized she wasn't the one, and broke up with her.
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By 2015, Harry said his panic attacks got so bad that he stopped leaving his home entirely except to run errands, and called himself "an agoraphobe," although he noted it was difficult given his public-facing role. "I felt lonely, but lonely was better than panicky," he wrote. He said William was initially supportive of what Harry was going through, but later began to tease him about his panic attacks, a move Harry called "ironic," as William was in the midst of launching a charity focused on mental health. Harry said that he eventually went to therapy, where he opened up about his mother, a process that he said allowed a lot of his suppressed memories about her to come back.
26.Although he had decided to work as a full-time royal during this time, Harry said that he was growing increasingly ambivalent about the role of the royal family after witnessing the way they stressed out over who was invited to certain engagements and who got the most press coverage. "Maybe the stress around all this stuff stemmed from the overarching stress about the monarchy itself. The stress the family was feeling, the tremors of global change, hearing the cries of critics who said the monarchy was outdated, costly," he wrote. "The family tolerated, even leaned into, the nonsense of the Court Circular [a list of who had the most engagements] for the same reason it accepted the ravages and depredations of the press — fear. Fear of the public. Fear of the future. Fear of the day of the nation would say: Okay, shut it down." He recalled making a comment about this to William and Kate, but said both of them brushed it off.
27.Harry revealed that he turned to psychedelics to help with his anxiety. "Psychedelics did me some good as well," he wrote. "I'd experimented with them over the years, for fun, but now I'd begun to use them therapeutically, medicinally. They didn't simply allow me to escape reality for a while, they let me redefine reality. Under the influence of these substances I was able to let go of rigid preconcepts, to see that there was another world beyond my heavily filtered senses, a world that was equally real and doubly beautiful — a world with no red mist, no reason for red mist. There was only truth."
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He recalled using psychedelics during a party at actor Courteney Cox's home. At the party, he said he met actor Will Arnett (who he referred to as LEGO Batman), and repeatedly asked him if he would use his Batman voice. "He wanted to say no, but he didn't want to be impolite," he wrote. "Or else he recognized that I wouldn't stop." After his encounter with Arnett, Harry wrote that he found mushroom chocolates in the refrigerator, and said that later, during a trip to the bathroom, he believed the toilet had turned into a talking head.
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28.Just before meeting Meghan at age 32, Harry said that he was worried he would be called "a tragically late bloomer," just as his father had. After seeing a photo of Meghan on Instagram, complete with the dog filter from Snapchat, he was instantly enamored, and the two began talking. "It occurred to me how uncanny, how surreal, how bizarre, that this marathon conversation should have begun on July 1, 2016, my mother's 55th birthday," he wrote. After early dates and a trip to Africa, the pair were quickly committed to each other. "I'd always told myself that there were firm rules about relationships, at least when it came to royalty, and the main one was that you absolutely must date a woman for 3 years before taking the plunge," he wrote. "But Meg seems like the shining exception to this rule."
Chris Jackson / Chris Jackson / Getty Images
29.Harry wrote that William and Kate had suspected that Harry was seeing someone, and invited him over for dinner to ask him about it. He said that when he told them she was on the show Suits, they were shocked, as they were "religious viewers" of the show. "I've been worrying about the wrong thing," he wrote. "All this time, I thought Willy and Kate might not welcome Meghan to the family, but now I had to worry about them hounding her for an autograph." Despite this, Harry said that William still had reservations about her being an "American actress." Later, after introducing Meghan to the family, Harry said William confided in him, saying that he felt their mother had been guiding him through life. When Harry revealed he felt the same way, and believed that Diana had brought him Meghan, he wrote that William responded, "That seemed to be taking things a bit far. Now, Harold, I'm not sure about that. I wouldn't say that!"
Harry also wrote about Meghan's first interactions with several other family members, including Queen Elizabeth II, who he said asked Meghan for her thoughts on Donald Trump. He also wrote that she initially thought Prince Andrew was the queen's assistant, because he was standing around holding her purse. When Meghan met Charles and Camilla, Harry said that he instructed Meghan not to curtsy to Camilla, because he didn't think it was "appropriate," but added that Charles seemed to really take to Meghan. "In her presence Pa became boyish," he said. "I saw it, saw the bond between them growing stronger, and I felt strengthened in my own bond with him. So many people were treating her shabbily, it filled my heart to see my father treating her like the princess she was about to — maybe born to — become."
30.After their relationship went public in 2016, Meghan began facing immense criticism in the press, and was heavily stalked by the paparazzi. Harry famously issued a statement condemning the press for their "glaring, vulgar, in your face racism." He said that both William and Charles were angry with him for releasing that statement, arguing that it made them look bad because they hadn't done the same for their girlfriends. Despite this, Harry wrote "we managed to protect our essential bond." He shared that one night, Meghan called him from Toronto, and said that several men were following her car. "I was in London, in my own car, my bodyguard driving, and her tearful voice brought me right back to my childhood. Back to Balmoral," he wrote. "I felt helpless, and this, I realize, was my Achilles heel. I could deal with most things so long as there are some action to be taken. But when I had nothing to do.. I wanted to die."
Harry said that the racist comments ramped up once again after the couple was photographed at a dinner with Meghan's mother, Doria Ragland. When he told his father that he believed the monarchy's lack of condemnation against the press was a bad look, he wrote that Charles appeared "unmoved." Months later, when Harry discussed marrying Meghan, he said Charles told him there wasn't enough money for a new member of the family. "Pa might have dreaded the rising cost of maintaining us, but what he really couldn't stomach was someone new dominating the monarchy, grabbing the limelight, someone shiny and new coming in and overshadowing him," he wrote. "And Camilla. He lived through that before, and had no interest in living through it again."
31.Meghan and Harry's engagement news went public in November 2017. He said that while they were in a rush to get married, the palace was slow to get back to them regarding dates and venues, which was frustrating. According to Harry, William often shot down all of his ideas for the wedding, and suggested that they marry in a tiny chapel. Harry also discussed Meghan having to quit Suits. "Decent of Suits, I thought, marrying Meg off on the show, instead of pushing her down a lift shaft," he wrote. "There were enough people in real life trying to do that." Harry also said that Queen Elizabeth II generously offered to allow Meghan to wear a tiara from her collection, but alleged that Angela Kelly, the queen's stylist, tried to sabotage it by not responding to their calls. "To my mind, Angela was a troublemaker, and I didn't need her as an enemy," he wrote.
In the days before the wedding, Harry said he asked his grandmother for special permission to keep his beard for his wedding, because he said it had become "an effective check on my anxiety." He wrote that this enraged William, who demanded that Harry shave it off. "Willy always thought Granny had a soft spot for me, that she indulged me while holding him to an impossibly high standard," he wrote. "Because.. heir, spare, etc. It hurt him." He said he later learned that William had joked that he was going to get Harry so drunk at his stag party that he would pin him down and shave his entire beard off.
32.In June 2018, Harry said William and Kate invited him and Meghan over to clear the air. Kate and Meghan had long been compared in the media, and there were reports that Meghan had made Kate cry over bridesmaids dresses. Harry said that one of the biggest disputes was over Meghan joking that Kate had "baby brain" after forgetting something. He wrote that Meghan apologized and said it was a joke, but Kate shot back, "You talked about my hormones. We're not close enough for you to talk about my hormones!" After this, Harry said that William appeared to believe most of the false narrative the press was spreading about Meghan, which led to several more spats, including an alleged physical altercation, during which William pushed Harry to the ground. "We'd had a million physical fights in our lives," he wrote. "As boys, we'd done nothing but fight. But this felt different." Following this, the two households stopped sharing the same office.
33.Harry said the family was delighted when they announced Meghan was pregnant. Shortly after, they embarked on a tour of Australia and New Zealand. Harry wrote that Meghan did incredibly well on tour. "I felt compelled to warn her," he wrote. "You're doing too well my love. Too damn well. You're making it look too easy. This is how everything started with my mother." When they returned, Meghan was getting relatively positive press coverage, until Harry said the narrative started to suddenly shift. "It was no longer about two women fighting, two duchesses at odds, or even two households," he wrote. "It was now about one person being a witch and causing everyone to run from her, and that one person was my wife. And in building the super narrative, the press was clearly being assisted by someone or multiple someone's inside the palace." Harry said at this time, the press coverage caused Meghan to have suicidal thoughts.
34.After Meghan and Harry vocalized their intentions to leave the royal family, Harry was called to the family's country estate for which later became called the Sandringham Summit. There, Harry said he was presented with five options for leaving the family. He added that Option 3, which allowed them to step back and move out of the UK, but still work remotely, was the closest to what they wanted. "I was desperate to keep security," Harry wrote. "That was what worried me most, my family's physical safety. I wanted to prevent a repeat of history, another untimely death like the one that had rocked this family to its core 23 years earlier, and from which we were still trying to recover."
Despite the purported element of choice, Harry soon realized that he had no say in the matter. The family began pushing for Option 1 (to fully stay) or Option 5 (to fully leave), and he said they would not budge. He wrote that he was shocked when an aide began passing out the paperwork for Option 5. When he asked if there were printouts for the other options, he was told the printer broke. After the meeting, Harry said that he went outside to speak privately with William. "Willy was subdued," he said. "He wanted to listen. For the first time in a long time, my brother heard me out, and I was so grateful."
35.In early 2020, after officially leaving the family, Harry said he believed the family would not take away their security, since Prince Andrew still had his after the news about his involvement with Jeffrey Epstein came to light. "Whatever grievances people had against us, sex crimes weren't on the list," he wrote. He said he was shocked when he learned that their security was being pulled, a move he said William called "a government decision." Shortly after, he learned that he was being financially cut off from Charles. Harry acknowledged that it was "absurd" for a man in his 30s to complain about being cut off, but added, "Cutting me off therefore I meant firing me, without redundancy pay, and casting me into the void after a lifetime of service. More, after a lifetime of rendering me otherwise unemployable."
Roy Rochlin / Getty Images
36.After Prince Philip's funeral in 2021, Harry said that he went for a walk with William and Charles, during which he claimed they called him "delusional," and said that he obviously didn't mind the press after being interviewed by Oprah. Harry defended the interview, writing, "We chose an interviewer who was above reproach, and we didn't once hide behind phrases like 'Palace sources,' we let people see the words coming out of our mouths."
He added that the argument became heated after this, claiming that William grabbed him by the shirt and told him to "swear on Mummy's life" that Harry understood that William wanted him to be happy. "He'd used the secret code, the universal password. Ever since we were boys those three words were to be used only in times of extreme crisis. 'On Mummy's life.' For nearly 25 years we'd reserved that soul-crushing vow for times when one of us needed to be heard, to be believed, quickly. For times when nothing else would do," he wrote. "It stopped me cold, as it was meant to. Not because he used it, but because it didn't work. I simply didn't believe him, didn't fully trust him. And vice versa. He saw it too. He saw that we were in such a place of such hurt and doubt that even those sacred words couldn't set us free."
Anwar Hussein / Getty Images
37.The memoir closes with the death of Queen Elizabeth II in September 2022. Harry wrote that he got a call from Charles telling him to come, and claimed that Charles began to list out reasons why Meghan wasn't welcome. "[It] was nonsensical, and disrespectful, and I wasn't having it. Don't ever speak about my wife that way," he wrote. By the time he arrived at Balmoral Castle, the queen was already dead, which he said he learned about from reading it on the BBC's website while on the plane. Harry wrote that he still decided to say his goodbyes. "It was difficult, but I kept on, thinking how I'd regret it not seeing my mother at the end," he said. "Years of lamenting that lack of proof, postponing my grief for want of proof. Now I thought: Proof. Careful what you wish for."
Spare is available now.
Harry & Meghan Director Says Buckingham Palace Tried to "Discredit" Docuseries
Liz Garbus opened up about the Palace's reaction to her Netflix docuseries on Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
Harry & Meghan Docuseries Director Liz Garbus Claps Back at 'Mind Games' From the Royal Family Since the Show's Release
If you're a good documentary director, you get fully immersed in the lives and experiences of those you're capturing. Whether they're filming penguins or a specific group of people, documentarians inherently live their lives, understand their experiences, and put themselves in their shoes. For Liz Garbus, the director of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Netflix […]
Prince Harry Might Be Making 'Temporary' Efforts to Reconnect With His Family Ahead of Prince Charles III's Coronation
Now that Prince Harry's memoir, Spare, has spilled all of the royal tea, the palace is looking ahead to King Charles III's coronation on May 6. There has been quite a bit of debate as to whether Harry and Meghan Markle would receive an invite to the event, but there may also be something happening […]
What Happened When Prince Harry Brought Meghan Markle to Visit Princess Diana's Grave
In Spare, Harry writes about the moment he brought "the girl of my dreams home to meet mum."
The 21 Weirdest Things We Learned From Prince Harry's Memoir
From teaching the Queen Mother how to say "booyakasha" like Sacha Baron Cohen to his obsession with the TV show Friends, here are the strangest stories that Harry shares in Spare.
Prince Harry's First Big Appearance Since 'Spare' Will Be a Star-Studded Event
The royal will join attendees including actress Issa Rae at a conference for BetterUp.
It's not just Harry and William — here are 6 other pairs of royal siblings who've clashed throughout history
From King Charles and Prince Andrew to Mary and Anne Boleyn, these royal siblings have complicated relationships.
King Charles III Might Be Getting an 'Unwelcome Reminder' of Prince Andrew's Association to Jeffrey Epstein Right Around Coronation
If the royal family thinks Prince Andrew's scandal from his association with Jeffrey Epstein is going away, think again. Virginia Giuffre, who settled a multimillion-dollar sex-abuse lawsuit against the Duke of York is reportedly publishing a memoir. Giuffre had a one-year gag order, which expires next month, so that makes her upcoming book a very […]
ICYMI, These are the Coolest Fashion, Beauty, and Book Drops Coming in January 2023 ❄
Prince Harry is dropping his book "Spare" (finally!) as well as major limited-edition collabs from Urban Outfitters, Free People x Sorel, and more. Get ready to have the perfect pout just in time for V-Day.
Meghan Markle Made The Queen A Big Promise The First Time They Met
The first time Meghan Markle met the Queen, she promised to put the Commonwealth's needs first, but ultimately had to prioritize her mental health.


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text:
require 'test_helper'

class ProductRelatedProductsControllerTest < ActionController::TestCase
  setup do
    @product_related_product = product_related_products(:one)
  end

  test "should get index" do
    get :index
    assert_response :success
    assert_not_nil assigns(:product_related_products)
  end

  test "should get new" do
    get :new
    assert_response :success
  end

  test "should create product_related_product" do
    assert_difference('ProductRelatedProduct.count') do
      post :create, product_related_product: { product_id: @product_related_product.product_id, related_prooduct: @product_related_product.related_prooduct }
    end

    assert_redirected_to product_related_product_path(assigns(:product_related_product))
  end

  test "should show product_related_product" do
    get :show, id: @product_related_product
    assert_response :success
  end

  test "should get edit" do
    get :edit, id: @product_related_product
    assert_response :success
  end

  test "should update product_related_product" do
    patch :update, id: @product_related_product, product_related_product: { product_id: @product_related_product.product_id, related_prooduct: @product_related_product.related_prooduct }
    assert_redirected_to product_related_product_path(assigns(:product_related_product))
  end

  test "should destroy product_related_product" do
    assert_difference('ProductRelatedProduct.count', -1) do
      delete :destroy, id: @product_related_product
    end

    assert_redirected_to product_related_products_path
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Wave your terrible towels every Sunday game day for a Steelers inspired food menu, $6 Iron City beer bottles, at the best place to watch the Steelers games in NYC!
For the first time ever buy a whole case of IC Light served up in our customized coolers!
Open bar special from 8pm-10pm for $20.
Prizes and Giveaways Throughout the Game!
Any of our brand new items paired with awesome drink packages from 12pm-6pm every Saturday.
We will also have beer pong tables set up for all of your pregame favorites!
Join us each and every Sunday in the best Steelers bar outside of Pittsburgh! $5 IC Lights and a whole case of beer on sale right here!
I did what last night?!
I don't even remember what time I left last night.
That's because you said to me "I need Pizza" and did your own Irish Exit.


The parents of children attending Samatta Point Nursery School, East Bank Demerara could now breathe a sigh of relief since the construction of a footpath bridge which now provides safe access to the school. It has replaced an old derelict unsafe makeshift bridge, which was previously used.
Construction of the timber structure linking the communities of Kaneville and Samatta Point was made possible via the Ministry of Housing and Water under the Community Infrastructure Improvement Project (CIIP), which is geared towards assisting Neighbourhood Democratic Councils (NDCs) and targeted Municipalities to improve access and beautify communities.
This bridge is one of 12 footpath bridges constructed and rehabilitated in Regions Three, Four and Five under the second phase of the bridges component of CIIP. The NDCs which benefitted from this component are: Golden Grove/ Diamond Place, Beterverwagting/ Triumph, and Mocha Arcadia in Region Four; Bath/ Woodley Park, Profit/ Rising Sun, Union Naarstigheid in Region Five; and Canal's Polder, La Grange/Nimes, La Jalousie/Nouvelle Flanders, and Mora/Parika in Region Three.
According to Charlene Michael, Head Teacher of Samatta Point Nursery, she is pleased with the with the construction of the bridge linking the two communities since 90 percent of the school's student population resides in Kaneville and have to cross the bridge daily to get to school.
She noted that the concrete walkway constructed near to the bridge by CIIP has proven effective during the current rainy weather. "Usually whenever it rains the place would be muddy but during the past couple days of rain the children were able to walk the piece without get mud on their footwear," the Head Teacher said.
The bridge is also helping small businesses in the community of Kaneville to grow.
According to Viola Melville, a shopkeeper, since the construction of the bridge the number of persons buying groceries from her small business has increased. She believes the additional customers are residents of Samatta Point.
Melville stated that her husband was one of the few persons who assisted to maintain the old bridge, which was actually made up of planks nailed across two broken timber utility poles. "Every now and then my husband would nail the loose planks and sometimes he get old wood and put on it but as you see for yourself it had no rails and had space…I am happy that a new bridge with rails was built," she added.
Eighteen footpath bridges were constructed under the first phase of the bridges component of CIIP. The NDCs to benefit were: Seafield/ Tempie; Rosignol/ Zeelust; Profit/ Rising Sun; Unity/ Vereeniging; Golden Grove/ Diamond Place; Gibraltar/ Fyrish; Lancaster/ Hogstye; Hague/ Blankenburg; Best Klien/ Pouderoyen; Greenwich Park/ Vergenoegen; Hydronie/ Good Hope; and Stewartville/ Cornelia Ida.


text:
Q: Why does uWSGI in Docker fail from CMD but run from command line? I have the following Dockerfile:
FROM alpine
RUN apk add uwsgi
CMD ["/usr/sbin/uwsgi", "--socket 127.0.0.1:8000"]

Running it, with docker run <image name>, results in the following error:
/usr/sbin/uwsgi: unrecognized option: socket 127.0.0.1:8000
getopt_long() error

However, running docker run <image name> /usr/sbin/uwsgi --socket 127.0.0.1:8000
works fine. According to the docs, using CMD like this "does not invoke a command shell. This means that normal shell processing does not "happen." I am not sure whether this is the culprit.
How do I get uWSGI to work with CMD whilst still using the alpine version?

A: --socket and 127.0.0.1:8000 is a different options.
You have to specify:
CMD ["/usr/sbin/uwsgi", "--socket", "127.0.0.1:8000"]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Good morning friends. Seems like when I'm teaching or lecturing, I constantly refer to looking or seeing beyond the obvious. What is in that image you see that most others would overlook? Is that image trying to convey something that is being missed because the viewer is noticing only the obvious and not looking deeper into that image? I don't generally consider myself a "deep thinker" but when I am looking or studying a subject to photograph, I do have a tendency to look at or for symbolism. Maybe it's because I'm getting older and "wiser" or maybe I have photographed so many of the things that are obvious that I'm looking for something more meaningful in my work. Anyway, Shipwrecked is one of my many works that appears to be just another boat that has been stranded in shallow water that has some interest. It was a beautiful, tranquil scene, but again, looking beyond the obvious, what was this image trying to tell me? Symbolism and lessons began to arise from this old "useless" boat. As we get older, we sometimes may get the feeling that we have nothing else to offer, we are "useless". We also may feel our old bones are just giving out and can't support the body any longer. Maybe we feel like we no longer have the energy to travel or be of help to anyone. Then I see this boat. I see a vessel that, I'm sure at one time, carried people from destination to destination. It may have been the vessel that brought in tons of fish that helped feed the hungry. It simply many have been a boat that brought pleasure to friends and families. But today, it lays on its side, unable to move the way it used to; unable to be of any use to anyone or in anyway. Or so it seems. I see that it brings visual pleasure to many that pass by. I see the strength that it has by standing fast through its rope that is anchored to the rocks. I see its ability to hold together through the storms that pass through. Though the boards may appear old and falling apart, each board supports the other, maintaining the visual structure of this vessel. Although I don't see it on the surface, I can imagine the help it lends to the sea creatures below; lending shelter and, in some instances, protection from those that are predators. This boat could have just as easily been tossed out to sea, only to be destroyed and be of little or no use to anyone or anything. Its anchor and rope helped keep this boat in place to fulfil a purpose. I am reminded by this image that we All have a purpose…and a good, solid anchor is a must to help keep us in place so we can fulfil our purpose.
A copy of this image can be purchased at the Venvi Art Gallery, which represents my art work. You may call the gallery at 850-322-0965 or you may email them at email@VenviArtGallery.com. If you're in the Tallahassee area, please feel free to stop by their gallery at 2901 E. Park Ave., Tallahassee, FL. And ask about other works I offer there.


text:
import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react';
import { StyleSheet, View, Text, ProgressBarAndroid as ProgressBar } from 'react-native';

import { COMMON_BACKGROUND_COLOR, APP_MAIN_COLOR } from '../GlobalConst';
import Spinner from 'react-native-spinkit';
import OvalButtonComp from './OvalButtonComp';

const LOAD_STATE_ING = 'ing';
const LOAD_STATE_ERROR = 'error';

class CommonLoadView extends Component {

  static propTypes = {
    loadState: PropTypes.oneOf([
      LOAD_STATE_ING,
      LOAD_STATE_ERROR
    ]).isRequired,
  };

  constructor(props) {
    super(props);

    this.state = {
      spinnerType : null
    };
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.setState({spinnerType: 'ChasingDots'});
  }

  render() {
    let contentView;
    if (this.props.loadState === LOAD_STATE_ERROR) {
      contentView = this._renderErrorView();
    } else {
      contentView = this._renderLoadingView();
    }

    return (
      <View style={styles.container}>
        {contentView}
      </View>
    );
  }

  _renderLoadingView() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.commonChildContainer}>
        <Spinner
          size={45}
          type={this.state.spinnerType}
          color={APP_MAIN_COLOR} />
        <Text style={styles.tipsText}>
          正在加载中...
        </Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  _renderErrorView() {
    return (
      <View style={styles.commonChildContainer}>
        <Text style={styles.errorTipsText}>
          加载失败了喔!
        </Text>
        <OvalButtonComp onPress={this.props.onRetry}>重试</OvalButtonComp>
      </View>
    );
  }

}

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    flex: 1,
    backgroundColor: COMMON_BACKGROUND_COLOR,
  },
  commonChildContainer: {
    flex: 1,
    alignItems: 'center',
    justifyContent: 'center',
  },
  tipsText: {
    color: '#999999',
    fontSize: 15,
    marginTop: 10,
  },
  errorTipsText: {
    color: '#999999',
    fontSize: 15,
    marginBottom: 20,
  },
});

export default CommonLoadView;


Your columnist Jane E. Brody recounts her positive personal experience with gabapentin, better known as Neurontin, for postmenopausal hot flashes (Personal Health, March 28). She also mentions the controversial history of the promotion of this drug and the fact that it has side effects.
As Ms. Brody says, there is nothing to stop physicians from prescribing gabapentin for hot flashes, and she mentions some preliminary research supporting that use. But these "off label" uses by physicians can be criticized as treating patients like guinea pigs -- especially if the doctor fails to get the patient's informed consent, and if the prescription is not well supported by the medical literature and current practice.
Mitchel B. Sosis, M.D. Lafayette Hill, Pa.


text:
<Type Name="UnixChannel" FullName="Mono.Remoting.Channels.Unix.UnixChannel">
  <TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public class UnixChannel : System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelReceiver, System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelSender" />
  <TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi beforefieldinit UnixChannel extends System.Object implements class System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannel, class System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelReceiver, class System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelSender" />
  <AssemblyInfo>
    <AssemblyName>Mono.Posix</AssemblyName>
    <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
    <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
    <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
  </AssemblyInfo>
  <Base>
    <BaseTypeName>System.Object</BaseTypeName>
  </Base>
  <Interfaces>
    <Interface>
      <InterfaceName>System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelReceiver</InterfaceName>
    </Interface>
    <Interface>
      <InterfaceName>System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IChannelSender</InterfaceName>
    </Interface>
  </Interfaces>
  <Docs>
    To be added.
    <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
  </Docs>
  <Members>
    <Member MemberName=".ctor">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public UnixChannel ();" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor() cil managed" />
      <MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Parameters />
      <Docs>
        To be added.
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName=".ctor">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public UnixChannel (string path);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(string path) cil managed" />
      <MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="path" Type="System.String" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="path">To be added.</param>
        To be added.
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName=".ctor">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public UnixChannel (System.Collections.IDictionary properties, System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IClientChannelSinkProvider clientSinkProvider, System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IServerChannelSinkProvider serverSinkProvider);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(class System.Collections.IDictionary properties, class System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IClientChannelSinkProvider clientSinkProvider, class System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IServerChannelSinkProvider serverSinkProvider) cil managed" />
      <MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="properties" Type="System.Collections.IDictionary" />
        <Parameter Name="clientSinkProvider" Type="System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IClientChannelSinkProvider" />
        <Parameter Name="serverSinkProvider" Type="System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.IServerChannelSinkProvider" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="properties">To be added.</param>
        <param name="clientSinkProvider">To be added.</param>
        <param name="serverSinkProvider">To be added.</param>
        To be added.
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="ChannelData">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public object ChannelData { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance object ChannelData" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
        <AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        To be added.
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="ChannelName">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public string ChannelName { get; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance string ChannelName" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) just released a report analyzing data for traffic crashes in the U.S. involving pedestrians. The most recent data analyzed is from 2011.
For purposes of the report, a pedestrian is anyone on foot, sitting, or lying down, and a traffic crash is any collision involving one or more vehicles on a public roadway. Note that accidents occurring on private property, including parking lots and driveways, were not included.
Pedestrian fatalities numbered 4,432 in 2011. That represents an increase of 3 percent over 2010 and the second year in a row that an increase was recorded. But the number is 7 percent lower than that of 2002. An estimated 69,000 pedestrians were injured in auto accidents in 2011.
The total number of auto accident fatalities declined rather steeply over the period 2005-2011, while pedestrian fatalities declined at a more modest pace. Accordingly, pedestrian fatalities share of total deaths increased to a new high of 14 percent in 2011.
Alcohol was a factor – either for the driver or the pedestrian – in 48 percent of auto accidents in which a pedestrian was killed. In 35 percent of those cases, the pedestrian was legally drunk, with a blood alcohol level of 0.08 percent or higher. Clearly, roads are a dangerous place for anyone with significant levels of alcohol in their system, whether behind the wheel or on foot.
Automobiles have become much better at protecting occupants from bodily injury over the years, but the extent to which they protect pedestrians is progressing rather slowly. The greatest danger to pedestrians struck by cars occurs when their heads hit the vehicles' hoods. Depending on the force of impact, the hood deforms until it comes into contact with the immobile engine or other components, and then the head suffers a devastating deceleration. A system designed by Volvo uses contact sensors in the bumper to detect a collision with a pedestrian and responds by inflating a large airbag beneath the hood, which extends to cover the lower portion of the windshield. The pedestrian's head therefore contacts either the airbag itself or the hood, which, supported by the airbag, decelerates the pedestrian's head in a controlled manner.
All drivers and pedestrians should take personal responsibility to keep themselves and others safe on roadways. When walking, cross with signals at crosswalks. When driving, be vigilant for pedestrians and expect the unexpected – pedestrians, especially children, do not always behave predictably.
‹ Do you know what is in your health insurance policy?
Do you know what is in your health insurance policy?


text:
Luis Enrique speaks out on Spain exit
Luis Enrique has spoken out on his Spain exit, posting a goodbye message to fans on social media.
Following their elimination in the World Cup last 16 at the hands of Morocco, the Spanish Football Federation decided that a change was needed.
Enrique was let go after seeing his nation be knocked on penalties for the second time in the two tournaments he'd managed them at, with U21 boss Luis de la Fuente chosen to replace him.
Following the announcement of those changes, the former Barcelona manager posted a farewell message on social media thanking all those who supported him and wishing his successor luck.
"On my behalf and from all of us who make up the staff: It all started 4 years ago and how fast time has passed. I can only be super grateful to those who signed me two times (President Rubiales and sports director Molina), to all the RFEF employees with whom we share experiences of all kinds," he wrote.
"Of course, to the players who have been exemplary in their behaviour and faithful to the idea raised. I'm sorry I couldn't help more. Also to the assistants, who work tirelessly to help the players and the staff in everything we need.
If you can't see the podcast embed, click to download or listen to the episode in full!
"It has been very special to be a part of this. Last but not least, to the fans who have uniformly conveyed their support to us at all times and especially the most delicate ones.
"It's time to say goodbye and in these cases just a little reflection… What the team needs is SUPPORT in all its meaning so that Luis de la Fuente can achieve everything he wants. Let's go SPAIN! Until forever. Thank you!"
Enrique's contract was expiring at the end of 2022, and it's unclear whether he had planned to sign a new one if given the chance.
Inter Miami teenager earns maiden Argentina Under-20s call-up
World Cup quarter-final predictions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Back to Twinings Teas
The Darjeeling Region
Darjeeling tea gets its name from the beautiful area of India where it has been grown for more than 170 years.
The region of Darjeeling has the perfect combination of a high altitude, cool climate and misty Himalayan weather to produce the world's finest tea. The harmonious, peaceful and beautiful region is said to be famous for its 6 T's which are teak, tourism, toy train, trekking, tiger hill and (we think most importantly) tea. The name Darjeeling is said to originate from being known as Dorje-ling, which means "land of the mystic thunderbolt".
Darjeeling is located in the stunning Indian State of West Bengal, and forms part of the Mahabharat Mountain Range. This area is 6,000 feet above sea level, as it's so high in this serene location the air is thin, and this is thought to be one of the reasons for the delicate and sublime taste of the tea produced. Known as 'Queen of the Hills', the majestic Mount Kanchenjunga - the world's third highest mountain - towers over the Darjeeling area and adds to the picturesque and beautiful feel that epitomises the town. Another beautiful feature of the Darjeeling region is Tiger Hill, where tourists and locals gather at sunrise and sunset in order to witness an incredible panoramic view of Mount Kanchenjunga and Mount Everest. One to definitely add to your bucket list!
Many interesting artefacts of the past British colonial rule of India can be found in the Darjeeling region. The most famous of them all are the beautiful Darjeeling Railway, British-style public schools and the bungalows that once housed affluent British Army officers during colonial times. As well as its beautiful mountains and historical artefacts, there is some quite remarkable wildlife around the Darjeeling region, with locals reporting the rare sightings of red pandas and snow leopards, in addition to more common animals such as mongooses, badgers and civets. Flowers flourishing in the region include orchids and rhododendrons, whilst rolling green hills and large pine trees also exemplify the stunning location.
The Six T's
Creating this delicate and delightful tea engages around half of Darjeeling's local people.
Darjeeling's stunning scenery and rolling hills make it a trekker's paradise.
Darjeeling is a top spot for tea tourists, as well as for lovers of mountain scenery.
An astonishing place to witness sunrises over Mt. Everest and Mt. Kanchenjunga.
This tropical hardwood tree is another mainstay of Darjeeling's economy.
Toy Train
The railway adds even more beauty and romance to this most wonderful of locations.
Darjeeling Railway
Darjeeling is also home to the famous Darjeeling railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an amazing way to experience the stunning region. The railway was the first - and remains the most gorgeous - example of a hill passenger railway, built in order to create transport links in the beautiful and mountainous region. The railway - often known as the Toy Train for its narrow gauge -remains fully operational as it snakes its way through the stunning Himalayan location, reaching a height of 7,407 feet before descending for four miles to reach the picturesque Darjeeling Station. With a historical and cultural importance, the railway adds even more beauty and romance to this wonderful location. This is a must do if you are heading to Darjeeling!
Tea Status
Darjeeling is home to 78 wonderfully different tea estates, covering an area of 17,500 hectares and providing jobs to many of the regions local people. To produce Darjeeling tea, these estates have been given special status by the Tea Board of India, meaning that the quality of Darjeeling tea is always guaranteed. The tea-growing techniques of Darjeeling have remained largely unchanged since tea was first produced there in 1845. In this time period, Darjeeling has expanded from a small hamlet to a thriving town and tourist hotspot due to its most famous export.
Darjeeling has a diverse ethnic and religious mix, due to its history of colonial rule, as well as the migration of people to the town from the surrounding areas. The majority of people in Darjeeling are either Hindu, Buddhist or Christian and the region is packed full of beautiful Buddhist monasteries. With regards to ethnic origin, most people are Gorkhas of an ethnic Nepali background, but there are also people from a variety of indigenous ethnic groups calling the region their home. The people of Darjeeling commonly speak in either Nepali, Hindi, Bengali or English.
The serene and beautiful nature of a tea-growing way of life has meant that people from around the world now travel to Darjeeling to get back to nature and experience the peaceful life of a tea-grower, this is known as 'tea tourism'. People who take part typically stay in bungalows which were originally built for British tea planters during the colonial times and assist in tea harvesting around the tea estate.
Darjeeling's tea heritage has meant that the people of the region benefit greatly from the trade and tourism which comes from its worshipped export. Locals of the town enjoy a steady income, as well as housing, allowances and incentives from their work. In addition, tea-growers' families benefit from improved medical and educational facilities in the region. The importance of tea to Darjeeling is evidenced by the fact that around 50 per cent of people in this mountain paradise include tea in their lives, whether it's at the growing, picking, production or distribution level.
History of Darjeeling Tea
Darjeeling Tea has an incredibly rich history, which links various cultures and regions together. In a lot of senses, the tea can be linked to British Imperialism, as it was first planted by a British Surgeon, Dr A. Campbell. He grew the tea - as an experiment - at an altitude of 700 feet during the British rule of India. The tea that Dr Campbell planted was in fact not native to India, instead a traditional, small-leafed Chinese species of tea called Camellia Sinensis. The leaf already supplied a large variety of black, white, green and oolong teas, but was given a new lease of life when exposed to the very particular conditions of the Darjeeling region.
After Dr. Campbell's experiment showed promise, an experimental nursery was set up by the British Government in 1845, as well as a further nursery in Lebong in 1847. Due to the incredible and unique flavour of the tea, many more nurseries and plantations established themselves quickly in the region, and a reputation developed around the tea, especially around the first flush, or first invoice (from early in the picking season) which became known as the 'exquisite banquet'.
Although initiated by British rule, Darjeeling tea has always been looked after by local people, for whom it has become an invaluable livelihood. When the tea was first planted, Darjeeling was little more than a small hamlet, which was used as a resort by British soldiers and affluent citizens. The tea industry brought the region's locals, as well as some across the border in Nepal, a valuable source of revenue and brought the area worldwide fame.
Darjeeling is an incredibly special tea because it is produced exclusively in the Darjeeling region, where conditions are uniquely perfect for the production of fine tea. The fact that Darjeeling is one of a kind in its incredible taste, as well as in its specific location of origin. Darjeeling is held in the same reverence in the tea world as champagne is to a wine connoisseur.
Why Grow Tea in Darjeeling?
Darjeeling tea gets its sumptuous flavour and unparalleled depth of taste due to the unique geographical features of the area where it's grown. Darjeeling tea is produced at an altitude of between 2000 and 6500 feet. A high altitude means that tea leaves grow more slowly, and therefore have more time to develop complex flavours before they are picked. Around 50 to 60 inches of rain falls in Darjeeling every year, the soil in the region is fertile and sloped, both creating the perfect tea growing conditions.
Due to the delicious taste of Darjeeling tea, a separate trade established itself over time by copying the famous blend. These were often unworthy of the prestigious name. This cheaper to produce, lower-quality tea was making it hard for tea connoisseurs to be able to guarantee the quality of leaf they were buying. To respond to this problem, in 1986, the Darjeeling logo was created. This was an important landmark in tea history and ensures that any tea holding the name Darjeeling is produced, tested and packed in accordance with specific procedures to guarantee its quality.
In addition to the Darjeeling Logo, in February 2000, a compulsory system was incorporated into the 1953 Tea Act. This was to make it necessary for all dealers in Darjeeling tea to obtain a licence from the Tea Board of India, on the condition that they supply information on the production and manufacture of their tea. Due to this act, any tea labelled as Darjeeling without guaranteeing its quality with correct certification will not be exported from the region.
The Journey of the Darjeeling Leaf
The process of growing tea from plant through its journey to our cup is both complex and unique when it comes to Darjeeling. Communities have developed around the historic tea estates where the tea is grown. The well-being of staff is a consideration in ensuring that high quality tea is produced time and time again. Whole families live on the tea estate so they provide constant care for the tea being grown, and are able to adapt the production process to be ready as soon as the tea is ripe for harvesting.
Across the Darjeeling region, tea is hand-picked by experts to ensure that only the best leaves and shoots are chosen. Tea picking starts early in the morning whilst there is still dew on the plants to ensure the freshest leaves are selected. Traditionally, it is the women of the estate that collect the tea in large wicker baskets. They are paid by the weight of the leaves they pick at the end of the working day. In total the 45,000 women who work as tea pluckers will pick about 10,000 tonnes of Darjeeling a year.
Withering is the process of drying out the tea, letting the true flavours of the leaf to become prominent. Withering begins immediately after the tea leaf is plucked so the leaves are quickly transported to processing rooms, where the withering can be controlled. This is the start of the oxidation of tea; the longer that it lasts, the stronger the aroma, as the chemical compounds within the tea will have degraded more. It is typical for Darjeeling leaves to be withered for about 16 hours, removing approximately 65% of the moisture within. This long withering process often leads to black Darjeeling tea actually being green in colour.
Once tea leaves are withered they will be much more pliable than when they were first plucked, making them ready for the rolling stage of production. Pressure is applied to the leaves using large, heavy rollers, which will break the leaves open and damage the cells, causing a release of the natural flavours. This process speeds up oxidation of the leaves and will cause them to darken in colour. Rolling occurs in two stages, with the tea sifted in between ensure all leaves are processed. This is one of the many reasons that Darjeeling tea is consistently high quality.
Fermentation, also known as Oxidation, is the process of adding oxygen to tea leaves to further develop their flavour; a black tea Darjeeling tends to be fully fermented. This is the most delicate and complex stage of production, based upon an expert judgement of when the tea is fully fermented. Experienced tea fermenters must account for temperature, withering process and humidity to ensure that the perfect level of flavour is created. It is in this stage that the classic Darjeeling flavour is ensured, as just a minute or two's difference in fermentation can have a huge impact upon the final taste of the tea.
Once oxidation is complete, the tea leaves are heated slowly to stop oxidation from continuing. This secures the natural flavours in the tea until you are ready to brew a cup of your favourite tea at home. The flavour of tea can be easily altered during the drying process, so only the most trained employees will take charge of this stage. Heating prevents the enzymes in the tea from continuing to decay; ensuring that the tea is delivered to your door is exactly the same as it was when it left the Darjeeling estate.
Once the tea has gone through the whole process from picking to drying it is then sent to Twinings HQ to be tried and tested. The normal routine is for a small sample to be sent to our Master Blenders for them to try. When they are happy with the Darjeeling the instruction for the rest of the batch to be flown over is given. Once all the tea has arrived it is tested once more. When the Master Blenders feel everything is perfect it is then packed up and ready for you to buy.
Taste of Darjeeling
The taste of Darjeeling is ultimately what has given it its unrivalled reputation for quality worldwide. The most celebrated Darjeeling tea either comes from the first or second flush; both flushes are as wonderful as each other but hold different tastes.
The tea which is harvested in spring - when the leaves are small - hold a light and floral flavour and those plucked in the second flush hold a strong and bold taste.
There are only three to four months when tea is not picked in the Darjeeling region, so the harvesting season can produce a whole range of differently flavoured delicacies.
The different processing methods involved can also affect the flavour of the tea, which are changed depending on the tea being made. Various different blends can be produced from the Darjeeling region including oolong, black, white and green tea. Despite this, the Darjeeling tea has stood out and has earned the reputation worldwide for its luxurious and delicate taste.
The taste most commonly associated with Darjeeling tea is that of 'muscatel', a grape that is commonly used in wine production. The liquor of Darjeeling tea is a golden, bright colour, whilst the flavour is bright and aromatic, with notes of warm spice. Darjeeling teas also feature fresh citrusy, fruity notes.
Flushes of Darjeeling
The entire production of tea is split into the four basic seasons of its harvesting known as the four flushes. The taste of the tea is greatly influenced by which flush it is harvested in.
Spring/First Flush
Beginning March to end April
Second Flush
Beginning of May to end June
Monsoon Flush
Mid July to end August
Autumn Flush
Early October to end November
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
First Flush
It is said that the first flush of Darjeeling tastes just like the mountains that it comes from, with a light floral taste and a freshness to it that can only be attributed to the clean mountain air that surrounds it. First flush tea is sweet and floral, but with an astringency too, giving it a complexity which is unique to tea of this region.
The first flush is the most exclusive of the year, as it harvests the most delicate and delicious leaves. These new, small leaves are picked in groups of two leaves and a bud. The Darjeeling first flush is particularly special due to the climate of the region it is grown in. For some tea estates it will be the only flush they are able to harvest all year, as storms that encompass the entire region in late April can waterlog and damage the land. This damage means that many tea plants will return to their dormant state instead of continuing to grow. The look of first flush Darjeeling is similar to green tea and far less dark than most black teas, whilst the liquor - when brewed with water - is an almost clear, golden colour.
Second flush Darjeeling is harvested between beginning of May and end of June. This tea is more of a purplish brown appearance and has a more robust colour and taste, with a more pronounced 'muscatel' flavour. Again, this blend is fruity and floral, but with less subtlety than a first flush tea, meaning it is generally less expensive and less in-demand worldwide. However, second flush tea functions better as an energy boost or pick-me-up than the delicately flavoured first flush Darjeeling, due to its more robust flavour. It is well-loved in Japan and the US and as a result they are some of the largest importers of second flush tea, whilst the British market tends to prefer the first flush.
The period between the second and third flushes is an incredibly rainy one in Darjeeling and tea production almost halts for this time, with any tea which is produced being sold cheaply to make blends with other teas. Third flush Darjeeling is made later in the year, around mid-July until the end of August. The final, autumn flush has traditionally not been held in the reverence that the first and second flushes have, due to its darker, bolder taste however, the autumn Darjeeling is very special in its own right and we believe is something to be treasured. Definitely watch out for Darjeeling Autumn 15.
Improving the Lives of India's Rural Communities
The production of Darjeeling Tea is the centre of many communities in the region; nearly all employment comes from the tea industry, with the estates being not only the home to the workers but also to their families. The majority of tea estates have their own schools, hospitals and shop, so many families rarely leave the estate, especially due to the time intensive production of the tea. Twinings supported Mercy Corps three year project to improve water and sanitation in India's rural communities to have a life-changing impact upon the people living there.
The Twinings Darjeeling Water & Sanitation Project has benefited over 4,850 people since it began in December 2010, improving the health of those involved in tea production significantly. The main activities of the work undertaken as part of this project consisted of:
Creating 7 new water systems to filter and distribute water, reaching 958 people
Construction of 218 sanitary latrines
Improving the main 8 catchment areas in Dabaipani cluster
Creating and supporting water and sanitation committees across the region, in order to maintain the water systems for future generations
Promoting behavioural change through awareness of health and hygiene practices
Encouraging school hygiene promotion in 4 schools in Dabaipani
Before the work of Twinings and Mercy Corps, local communities were forced to collect water from nearby springs throughout the day, walking between 30 minutes and an hour each day in order to supply their family. The time taken to collect this water was drastically impacting upon young girls' education, as well as their health. Without clean water the health and well-being of these families has been in jeopardy for too long, so the actions of the project aimed to decrease the levels of waterborne diseases in the area by at least 50%. By increasing knowledge in the area of the problems of contaminated water, it also built the foundations for sustainable growth and further developments to ensure continual improvement to the lives of the people producing Darjeeling.
Waterborne diseases were reduced by 66% in the main tea communities, and clean water availability increased by 193%, which has meant that overall the amount of absenteeism at work has been reduced by 73%. This shows more families able to continue working, earning and improving their quality of life as a result of the project undertaken by Twinings and Mercy Corps.
Image credits: Darjeeling Tea Plantation by Shankar S. Darjeeling Mountains by Hannah Swithinbank. Gorkha Women by Joshua Singh. Plucking Tea Leaves by Ashwin Kamath. The Tea Gardens of Darjeeling by Abhishek Kumar. Processing Facility by Shankar S.


Keena Renee has over 10 years of experience within the entertainment industry. She has worked projects from major recording artists such as Akon, 50 Cent, Lady Gaga, Talib Kweli, Keyshia Cole, among many others. In addition to her experience in marketing and branding, Keena has worked in other capacities within the entertainment industry such as celebrity assisting, tour support, public relations and content development & management. Previous clients include the Lollapalooza music festival (Chicago), Hyde Park Brew Fest (Chicago), the Circle of Sisters Expo (New York City), M.U.R.A.L (Hip-Hop recording artist Lupe Fiasco's nonprofit organization), Kanye West's The Glow in the Dark Tour, R&B recording artist Sarah Green, award-winning Broadway actor Chester Gregory and comedian Chaunte Wayans from the legendary Wayans family.
In 2017, she released her first e-book The Shameless Blogger and maintains her self-titled blog Keena Renée. Her writing has been featured in prominent spaces such as Blavity, Hip Hop Since 1987, and Vibe, Ebony Magazine. She has also contributed writing work for legendary producer Timbaland and his label imprint Mosley Music Group. Currently, Keena Renee serves as the entertainment editor and social media strategist at GRIP Magazine, an online and print urban lifestyle publication based in Atlanta, GA. When it comes to bringing edge to the digital and social space in entertainment, Keena Renee has a proven track record of creating an undeniable sensation around your brand.


text:
BOTS-1: Certified Reference Material of veterinary drug residues in bovine muscle
BOTS-1 : Matériau de référence certifié de muscles de bovin contenant des résidus de médicaments vétérinaires
Resolve DOI: https://doi.org/10.4224/crm.2018.bots-1
Search for: McRae, Garnet1; Search for: Melanson, Jeremy1ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-0101; Search for: Meija, Juris1ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-5535; Search for: Grinberg, Patricia1ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-6474; Search for: Shurmer, Bryn2ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-2503; Search for: Mester, Zoltan1ORCID identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-2615
3D, Material
Canadian reference material; BOTS-1; chlorpromazine; ciprofloxacin; clenbuterol; dexamethasone; enrofloxacin; meloxicam; ractopamine; sulfadiazine
Certified values for mass fraction of veterinary drug residues have been established for this bovine muscle certified reference material (BOTS-1).
© 2018 National Research Council of Canada
Register at http://nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/crm to access the material and its most recent certificate
http://nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/crm
Reducing the matrix effects in chemical analysis: fusion of isotope dilution and standard addition methods, Publication date: 2015-02-15
Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), Publication date: 1993-01-01
Meta-analysis in clinical trials, Publication date: 1986-04-07
Reference materials – Guidance for characterization and assessment of homogeneity and stability. ISO Guide 35:2017, Publication date: 2017-08-01
Canadian Reference Materials and Methods
8986c44d-8e9c-4ede-b619-b082698daefd