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McKinsey Quarterly
Confronting the risks of artificial intelligence
April 26, 2019 | Article
By Benjamin Cheatham, Kia Javanmardian, and Hamid Samandari
Article (PDF -670KB)
With great power comes great responsibility. Organizations can mitigate the risks of applying artificial intelligence and advanced analytics by embracing three principles.
Article (PDF-670KB)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is proving to be a double-edged sword. While this can be said of most new technologies, both sides of the AI blade are far sharper, and neither is well understood.
Consider first the positive. These technologies are starting to improve our lives in myriad ways, from simplifying our shopping to enhancing our healthcare experiences. Their value to businesses also has become undeniable: nearly 80 percent of executives at companies that are deploying AI recently told us that they're already seeing moderate value from it. Although the widespread use of AI in business is still in its infancy and questions remain open about the pace of progress, as well as the possibility of achieving the holy grail of "general intelligence," the potential is enormous. McKinsey Global Institute research suggests that by 2030, AI could deliver additional global economic output of $13 trillion per year.
Yet even as AI generates consumer benefits and business value, it is also giving rise to a host of unwanted, and sometimes serious, consequences. And while we're focusing on AI in this article, these knock-on effects (and the ways to prevent or mitigate them) apply equally to all advanced analytics. The most visible ones, which include privacy violations, discrimination, accidents, and manipulation of political systems, are more than enough to prompt caution. More concerning still are the consequences not yet known or experienced. Disastrous repercussions—including the loss of human life, if an AI medical algorithm goes wrong, or the compromise of national security, if an adversary feeds disinformation to a military AI system—are possible, and so are significant challenges for organizations, from reputational damage and revenue losses to regulatory backlash, criminal investigation, and diminished public trust.
Because AI is a relatively new force in business, few leaders have had the opportunity to hone their intuition about the full scope of societal, organizational, and individual risks, or to develop a working knowledge of their associated drivers, which range from the data fed into AI systems to the operation of algorithmic models and the interactions between humans and machines. As a result, executives often overlook potential perils ("We're not using AI in anything that could 'blow up,' like self-driving cars") or overestimate an organization's risk-mitigation capabilities ("We've been doing analytics for a long time, so we already have the right controls in place, and our practices are in line with those of our industry peers"). It's also common for leaders to lump in AI risks with others owned by specialists in the IT and analytics organizations ("I trust my technical team; they're doing everything possible to protect our customers and our company").
Leaders hoping to avoid, or at least mitigate, unintended consequences need both to build their pattern-recognition skills with respect to AI risks and to engage the entire organization so that it is ready to embrace the power and the responsibility associated with AI. The level of effort required to identify and control for all key risks dramatically exceeds prevailing norms in most organizations. Making real progress demands a multidisciplinary approach involving leaders in the C-suite and across the company; experts in areas ranging from legal and risk to IT, security, and analytics; and managers who can ensure vigilance at the front lines.
This article seeks to help by first illustrating a range of easy-to-overlook pitfalls. It then presents frameworks that will assist leaders in identifying their greatest risks and implementing the breadth and depth of nuanced controls required to sidestep them. Finally, it provides an early glimpse of some real-world efforts that are currently under way to tackle AI risks through the application of these approaches.
Before continuing, we want to underscore that our focus here is on first-order consequences that arise directly from the development of AI solutions, from their inadvertent or intentional misapplication, or from the mishandling of the data inputs that fuel them. There are other important consequences, among which is the much-discussed potential for widespread job losses in some industries due to AI-driven workplace automation. There also are second-order effects, such as the atrophy of skills (for example, the diagnostic skills of medical professionals) as AI systems grow in importance. These consequences will continue receiving attention as they grow in perceived importance but are beyond our scope here.
Understanding the risks and their drivers
When something goes wrong with AI, and the root cause of the problem comes to light, there is often a great deal of head shaking. With the benefit of hindsight, it seems unimaginable that no one saw it coming. But if you take a poll of well-placed executives about the next AI risk likely to appear, you're unlikely to get any sort of a consensus.
Leaders hoping to shift their posture from hindsight to foresight need to better understand the types of risks they are taking on, their interdependencies, and their underlying causes. To help build that missing intuition, we describe below five pain points that can give rise to AI risks. The first three—data difficulties, technology troubles, and security snags—are related to what might be termed enablers of AI. The final two are linked with the algorithms and human–machine interactions that are central to the operation of the AI itself. Clearly, we are still in the early days of understanding what lies behind the risks we are taking on, whose nature and range we've also sought to catalog in Exhibit 1.
Data difficulties. Ingesting, sorting, linking, and properly using data has become increasingly difficult as the amount of unstructured data being ingested from sources such as the web, social media, mobile devices, sensors, and the Internet of Things has increased. As a result, it's easy to fall prey to pitfalls such as inadvertently using or revealing sensitive information hidden among anonymized data. For example, while a patient's name might be redacted from one section of a medical record that is used by an AI system, it could be present in the doctor's notes section of the record. Such considerations are important for leaders to be aware of as they work to stay in line with privacy rules, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and otherwise manage reputation risk.
Technology troubles. Technology and process issues across the entire operating landscape can negatively impact the performance of AI systems. For example, one major financial institution ran into trouble after its compliance software failed to spot trading issues because the data feeds no longer included all customer trades.
Security snags. Another emerging issue is the potential for fraudsters to exploit seemingly nonsensitive marketing, health, and financial data that companies collect to fuel AI systems. If security precautions are insufficient, it's possible to stitch these threads together to create false identities. Although target companies (that may otherwise be highly effective at safeguarding personally identifiable information) are unwitting accomplices, they still could experience consumer backlash and regulatory repercussions.
Models misbehaving. AI models themselves can create problems when they deliver biased results (which can happen, for example, if a population is underrepresented in the data used to train the model), become unstable, or yield conclusions for which there is no actionable recourse for those affected by its decisions (such as someone denied a loan with no knowledge of what they could do to reverse the decision). Consider, for example, the potential for AI models to discriminate unintentionally against protected classes and other groups by weaving together zip code and income data to create targeted offerings. Harder to spot are instances when AI models are lurking in software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings. When vendors introduce new, intelligent features—often with little fanfare—they are also introducing models that could interact with data in the user's system to create unexpected risks, including giving rise to hidden vulnerabilities that hackers might exploit. The implication is that leaders who believe they are in the clear if their organization has not purchased or built AI systems, or is only experimenting with their deployment, could well be mistaken.
Interaction issues. The interface between people and machines is another key risk area. Among the most visible are challenges in automated transportation, manufacturing, and infrastructure systems. Accidents and injuries are possibilities if operators of heavy equipment, vehicles, or other machinery don't recognize when systems should be overruled or are slow to override them because the operator's attention is elsewhere—a distinct possibility in applications such as self-driving cars. Conversely, human judgment can also prove faulty in overriding system results. Behind the scenes, in the data-analytics organization, scripting errors, lapses in data management, and misjudgments in model-training data easily can compromise fairness, privacy, security, and compliance. Frontline personnel also can unintentionally contribute, as when a sales force more adept at selling to certain demographics inadvertently trains an AI-driven sales tool to exclude certain segments of customers. And these are just the unintended consequences. Without rigorous safeguards, disgruntled employees or external foes may be able to corrupt algorithms or use an AI application in malfeasant ways.
AI risk management: Three core principles
In addition to providing a flavor of the challenges ahead, the examples and categorization above are useful for identifying and prioritizing risks and their root causes. If you understand where risks may be lurking, ill-understood, or simply unidentified, you have a better chance of catching them before they catch up with you.
But you'll need a concentrated, enterprise-wide effort to move from cataloging risks to rooting them out. The experiences of two leading banks help illustrate the clarity, breadth, and nuanced rigor that's needed. The first, a European player, has been working to apply advanced-analytics and AI capabilities to call-center optimization, mortgage decision making, relationship management, and treasury-management initiatives. The second is a global leader, seeking to apply a machine-learning model to its customer-credit decisions.
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These banks, like many others in the financial-services sector, have been applying some form of advanced analytics for a number of years, dating back to their early use in credit-card fraud detection and equity trading. They also are subject to a high degree of regulatory oversight and therefore have long been applying and making transparent a wide range of protocols and controls for mitigating the related risks—including cybersecurity risk, where they are frequently on the front lines given the obvious attractiveness of their assets to attackers.
Nonetheless, these banks' stories only illustrate a subset of the risk-specific controls organizations should be considering. Exhibit 2 presents a more complete list of potential controls, spanning the entire analytics process, from planning to development to subsequent use and monitoring. Our hope is that taken together, the tool and examples will help leaders who must confront a wide range of issues—from avoiding bias in recommendation engines to eliminating personal-identity risk to better tailoring the responses of customer-service bots to the needs of specific customers, and many more beyond.
Clarity: Use a structured identification approach to pinpoint the most critical risks
The European bank's COO started by assembling leaders from business, IT, security, and risk management to evaluate and prioritize its greatest risks. Inputs to this exercise included a clear-eyed look at the company's existing risks and how they might be exacerbated by AI-driven analytics efforts under consideration, and at new risks that AI enablers, or the AI itself, could create. Some were obvious, but others less so. One that unexpectedly neared the top of the list was the delivery of poor or biased product recommendations to consumers. Such flawed recommendations could result in a significant amount of harm and damage, including consumer losses, backlash, and regulatory fines.
What the bank's leaders achieved through this structured risk-identification process was clarity about the most worrisome scenarios, which allowed them to prioritize the risks encompassed, to recognize controls that were missing, and to marshal time and resources accordingly. Those scenarios and prioritized risks will naturally vary by industry and company. A food manufacturer might prioritize contaminated-product scenarios. A software developer might be particularly concerned about disclosure of software code. A healthcare organization might focus on issues such as patient misdiagnosis or inadvertently causing harm to patients. Getting a diverse cross-section of managers focused on pinpointing and tiering problematic scenarios is a good way both to stimulate creative energy and to reduce the risk that narrow specialists or blinkered thinking will miss major vulnerabilities. Organizations need not start from scratch with this effort: over the past few years, risk identification has become a well-developed art, and it can be directly deployed in the context of AI.
Breadth: Institute robust enterprise-wide controls
Sharpening your thinking about show-stopping risks is only a start. Also crucial is the application of company-wide controls to guide the development and use of AI systems, ensure proper oversight, and put into place strong policies, procedures, worker training, and contingency plans. Without broad-based efforts, the odds rise that risk factors such as the ones described previously will fall through the cracks.
Concerned with the potential risk from poor or biased product recommendations, the European bank began adopting a robust set of business principles aimed at detailing how and where machines could be used to make decisions affecting a customer's financial health. Managers identified situations where a human being (for example, a relationship manager or loan officer) needed to be "in the loop" before a recommendation would be delivered to the customer. These workers would provide a safety net for identifying if a customer had special circumstances, such as the death of a family member or financial difficulties, that might make a recommendation ill-timed or inappropriate.
The bank's oversight committee also conducted a gap analysis, identifying areas in the bank's existing risk-management framework that needed to be deepened, redefined, or extended. Thorough and consistent governance at the bank now ensures proper definition of policies and procedures, specific controls for AI models, core principles (supported by tools) to guide model development, segregation of duties, and adequate oversight. For example, model-development tools ensure that data scientists consistently log model code, training data, and parameters chosen throughout the development life cycle. Also adopted were standard libraries for explainability, model-performance reporting, and monitoring of data and models in production. This governance framework is proving invaluable both for in-house AI-development efforts and for evaluating and monitoring third-party AI tools such as an SaaS fraud model the bank had adopted.
In addition, bank policies now require all stakeholders, including the sponsoring business executives, to conduct scenario planning and create a fallback plan in case AI model performance drifts, data inputs shift unexpectedly, or sudden changes, such as a natural disaster, occur in the external environment. These fallback plans are included in the bank's regular risk-review process, giving the board's risk committee visibility into the steps being taken to mitigate analytics-driven and AI-related risks.
Worker training and awareness are also prominent in the bank's risk-mitigation efforts. All affected employees receive comprehensive communications about where AI is being used; what steps the bank is taking to ensure fair and accurate decisions and to protect customer data; and how the bank's governance framework, automated technology, and development tools work together. Additionally, business sponsors, risk teams, and analytics staff receive targeted training on their role in identifying and minimizing risks. For instance, business sponsors are learning to request explanations on model behavior, which they are using to provide feedback on business assumptions behind the model. Meanwhile, the risk team has trained up on how to better identify and mitigate legal and regulatory-compliance issues, such as potential discrimination against protected groups or compliance with GDPR.
Derisking machine learning and artificial intelligence
Monitoring AI-driven analytics is an ongoing effort, rather than a one-and-done activity. As such, the bank's oversight groups, including the board's risk committees, regularly review the program to stay on top of new risks that might have emerged as a result of regulatory changes, industry shifts, legal interpretations (such as emerging GDPR case law), evolving consumer expectations, and rapidly changing technology.
Nuance: Reinforce specific controls depending on the nature of the risk
Important as enterprise-wide controls are, they are rarely sufficient to counteract every possible risk. Another level of rigor and nuance is often needed, and the requisite controls will depend on factors such as the complexity of the algorithms, their data requirements, the nature of human-to-machine (or machine-to-machine) interaction, the potential for exploitation by bad actors, and the extent to which AI is embedded into a business process. Conceptual controls, starting with a use-case charter, sometimes are necessary. So are specific data and analytics controls, including transparency requirements, as well as controls for feedback and monitoring, such as performance analysis to detect degradation or bias.
Our second example sheds valuable light on the application of nuanced controls. This institution wanted visibility into how, exactly, a machine-learning model was making decisions for a particular customer-facing process. After carefully considering transparency requirements, the institution decided to mitigate risk by limiting the types of machine-learning algorithms it used. Disallowing certain model forms that were overly complex and opaque enabled the institution to strike a balance with which it was comfortable. Some predictive power was lost, which had economic costs. But the transparency of the models that were used gave staff higher confidence in the decisions they made. The simpler models also made it easier to check both the data and the models themselves for biases that might emerge from user behavior or changes in data variables or their rankings.
As this example suggests, organizations will need a mix of risk-specific controls, and they are best served to implement them by creating protocols that ensure they are in place, and followed, throughout the AI-development process. The institutions in our examples implemented those protocols, as well as enterprise-wide controls, at least in part, through their existing risk infrastructure. Companies that lack a centralized risk organization can still put these AI risk-management techniques to work using robust risk-governance processes.
There is much still to be learned about the potential risks that organizations, individuals, and society face when it comes to AI; about the appropriate balance between innovation and risk; and about putting in place controls for managing the unimaginable. So far, public opinion and regulatory reaction has been relatively tempered.
But this is likely to change if more organizations stumble. As the costs of risks associated with AI rise, the ability both to assess those risks and to engage workers at all levels in defining and implementing controls will become a new source of competitive advantage. On the horizon for many organizations is a reconceptualization of "customer experience" to encompass the promise as well as the pitfalls of AI-driven outcomes. Another imperative is to engage in a serious debate about the ethics of applying AI and where to draw lines that limit its use. Collective action, which could involve industry-level debate about self-policing and engagement with regulators, is poised to grow in importance as well. Organizations that nurture those capabilities will be better positioned to serve their customers and society effectively; to avoid ethical, business, reputational, and regulatory predicaments; and to avert a potential existential crisis that could bring the organization to its knees.
Benjamin Cheatham is a senior partner in McKinsey's Philadelphia office and leads QuantumBlack, a McKinsey company, in North America; Kia Javanmardian is a senior partner in the Washington, DC, office; and Hamid Samandari is a senior partner in the New York office.
The authors wish to thank Roger Burkhardt, Liz Grennan, Nicolaus Henke, Pankaj Kumar, Marie-Claude Nadeau, Derek Waldron, and Olivia White for their contributions to this article.
AI Ethics in today's world
Data privacy: What every manager needs to know
Controlling machine-learning algorithms and their biases


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Tag: Varun Dhawan
Movie Review: Badrinath Ki Dulhania
By Bhumika Rawat
Badrinath Ki Dulhania is a typical Bollywood 'Masala Chaat' which tries to be different but ends up like hundred other movies churned out by the industry year after year. Based out of Uttar Pradesh this film is a story of a Jhansi boy Badri (Varun Dhawan) who stalks Vaidehi (Alia Bhatt) on the streets of Kota as if it is his favourite passtime. When she says "no", he takes it as "better luck next time, try harder"
In the modern times when women security and stalking are serious issues Badri Ki Dulhania gives a licence of sorts to stalkers of all age groups, specially those who are in their teens. Even more horrifying is depiction of Badri abducting Vaidehi from the streets against her will. He literally assaults her and throws her in his car and drives off to some undisclosed location.
If it were a real life incident this would have been registered as a crime and also followed by serious penal action. But the movie features no such consequences and Vaidehi is mad only for a brief moment and then becomes sympathetic to her own abductor. Movies like Badrinath Ki Dulhania promote stalking as a bold and ballsy thing which is a cause of serious concern.
The movie has some good points as well. The movie is open and candid in its discussion over dowry and the turns and twists in life after marriage. It is not often you will see a masala film talking about such serious issues. The only mainstream film which talked about serious issues was Rajinikanth's recent release 'Kabali'. But Badrinath and Kabali are poles apart.
Director Shashank Khaitan has narrated a story revolving around the issues of dowry, patriarchy and male chauvism. He has tried to disguise his social message in a light hearted manner without sounding preachy. The first half certainly makes an impact but the second half is a complete let down. In the second half movie takes the audiences from Jhansi to Singapore with a brief stopover at Mumbai.
Hero of the film Badri continues stalking his heroine even on the foreign soil. The director loses his grip on the film in the second half. The only high point of the film is fabulous screen presence of the lead pair and their scintillating chemistry. Varun Dhawan as Badri has tried to ape Govinda and Amitabh Bachchan but he fails to impress the viewers with his performance.
Alia as Vaidehi looks refreshing in her role as Vaidehi. Badrinath ki Dulhania is her third outing with Varun Dhawan and this is the weakest film of the three they have done together. Humpty Sharma was a better crafted and well written film in comparison to this latest release.
For right minded audiences Badrinath Ki Dulhania offers nothing new or interesting but those who are willing to kill their time on a Bollywood Masala film can watch it this weekend.
My Ratings: **
Posted on March 10, 2017 Categories Bollywood, Movie Review, Movie TrailerTags Alia Bhatt, Badrinath Ki Dulhania, Varun DhawanLeave a comment on Movie Review: Badrinath Ki Dulhania
Trailer For 'Badrinath Ki Dulhania' Released
The trailer for ' Badrinath Ki Dulhania', one of the most awaited movies of this year starring Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt has now been released. The movie will hit the theatres in March. The ongoing promotions, the posters and the teaser featuring the lead pair have already created enough buzz for the movie ahead of the trailer launch. Written and directed by Shashank Khaitan, the movie has been produced by Hiroo Yash Johar, Karan Johar & Apoorva Mehta. Share your thoughts about the trailer? Tell us below in the comments section.
Posted on February 2, 2017 February 2, 2017 Categories Bollywood, Movie Trailer, News, UncategorizedTags Alia Bhatt, Badrinath Ki Dulhania, Varun DhawanLeave a comment on Trailer For 'Badrinath Ki Dulhania' Released


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Home Famous Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie Love Story: The Games Of Love
Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie Love Story: The Games Of Love
Varsha S Devan
HBO has done a great job in the creation of the fantastic fantasy series, Game Of Thrones. And the thunder it had created in the audience is not less. The bastard of Winterfell is one of the most loved characters of the Game Of Thrones series. The intimacy shared on screen by Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie in the 3 seasons has reached to the point of the real-life love story as well.
Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie THE FREE FOLK
It was during the second season of the Game Of Thrones the two met in the year 2011. There were rumors going through about the budding romance between the Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie off-screen. Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie were spotted together during a dinner date. During this season and later on, the two were seen sharing some fiery intimate moment on screen.
Also Read: ANGELINA JOLIE LOVE STORY: THE HOLLYWOOD LOVE STORIES
THE ICELAND SHOOTING Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie
It's beyond the wall, that Jon Snow meets Ygritte. And the scenes were shot in Iceland. And that's where he fell in love with her.
THE FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie
There was a great friendship between the two. And that's the one reason that kept them strong in doing the role and the realistic acting.
THE RUMOURS Kit Harrington and Rose Leslie
Even when they had not admitted the feeling open in public there began another rumor about their split up as well. We get numerous anonymous sources that provide information in one or the other way but without the confirmation about the news or the details are true or not.
In the episode aired on June 2014, Ygritte was seen dying in Snow's arms. There ended the on-screen love. But that was not the end of real love. It still continued without any trouble. They were seen together during various other occasions in the public.
Also Read: MADONNA LOVE STORY: QUEEN OF POP LOVE
The relationship between the two was confirmed by their co-star Emilia Clarke. Emilia is one of the female protagonists in the series. And finally, the couple made their first public appearance together on the red carpet. The engagement was officially announced on the 27th of September 2017. The couple finally got married in June 2018 in Scotland.
Hollywood Love Stories
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Working as an enthusiastic intern for Jodi story. Let's bring out love everywhere.
Roger Federer and Mirka Federer's Love Story
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Back in the early 1990s, as the economy plunged into recession, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Norman Lamont said in the House of Commons - 'Unemployment is a price worth paying for lower inflation.' It was a similar sentiment shared by Mrs Thatcher in the 1981 recession. Yes, her policies were causing unemployment, but, she would claim it was an inevitable price for dealing with the inflation she inherited. 365 economists wrote to the Times claiming her policies were flawed, but the Iron Lady was not for turning. Unemployment stayed close to 3 million until 1986.
But, in this recession, as unemployment continues its remorseless rise towards 3 million, there is a general consensus that the unemployment is a heavy price to pay for a credit boom and bust.
A good A Level economics question is - Discuss Policies to reduce Unemployment (15). The answer would be something like this. But, the truth is that in current situation, there isn't really anything the government can do to prevent unemployment rising towards 3 million.
We have cut taxes, increased spending and lowered interest rates. We have even experienced a depreciation in the Pound, all of which in theory should boost demand.
In short there is nothing left. The government would not dare borrow more in 2009, we've just about had our limit of fiscal expansion. Interest rates have fallen sharply and could fall to 0% this year. However, the depth of the downturn means the usual policies just aren't working. At best there will be a long time lag before growth restarts. One thing is for sure, the first sign of growth will be greeted with relief by many.
Can recessions really be a good thing?


2. David French at the National Review Online argues that the homogenization of pockets in our society are leading us down the path to a cultural divorce.
"By their statements, Sanders and Van Hollen are expressing their support for a modern understanding of tolerance. In this manner, being tolerant means you cannot make exclusive religious claims. It is hateful to Muslims to say they will not spend eternity with God because of their beliefs.
He should ask Muslim Americans what they find more offensive: a Christian claiming they are condemned is Christianity is true or claiming both they and Christians worship the same God.
"So you want to write a systematic theology? Then certain passages must be referenced, at least if you want to be consistent with past works of systematics, not to mention the biblical witness itself.
Many configurations of Logos 7 now include a section in the Passage Guide called "Systematic Theologies." At its heart, it analyzes the way Systematic Theologies use the Bible in discussion of theological issues.


Jarred Pope has recently been in Rock Falcon Studio with Damon Johnson (Black Star Riders, Thin Lizzy, Alice Cooper) working on new material. He had along his new 1.5 Steel--5.5 x 14 which he has been using a lot, and really likes a great deal. That drum also he noted to me was the drum everyone liked the best in the studio. He also recorded a live album in Birmingham, Alabama with Damon last year with his 1.5 Steel--6.5 x 14. That should be out soon, and I am really looking forward to that.
Jarred is also the touring drummer for the Tom Keifer Band as well. This is a band that receives incredible reviews, and I am really hoping I get to see them soon. He currently uses the 1.5 Steel--5.5 x 14 with the band on the road.
Always great to hear from you Jarred....Thank You for everything.....We will Talk Soon for sure....!


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Despite his very short life, Oved managed to produce a remarkable number of published papers, while he was teaching numerous courses in various academic and bank institutions on top of managing the graduate program in Tel-Aviv University and being engaged in other professional activities.
Oved Yosha, Berglas School of Economics,
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel,
phone: 972—3—640 7242/9715, fax: 972—3—640 9908,
e-mail: yosha@post.tau.ac.il,
home address and phone: 4 Eibshitz Street, Tel Aviv, 62741 Israel,
972—3—546 5469.
Academic positions:
2002- Associate Professor, Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University.
1998—2002 Senior Lecturer, Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University.
1994—98 Lecturer, Berglas School of Economics, Tel Aviv University.
1992—94 Assistant Professor, Economics Department, Brown University.
Other positions and affiliations:
2003– CESifo Research Fellow.
2002 (spring), Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Harvard University.
2000– Co-director, Sapir Forum for Economic Policy, Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University.
1998– CEPR Research Fellow.
1998– Associate Editor, Research in Economics.
1997– Associate Editor, Bank of Israel Review.
1994–2000 Academic Consultant, Research Department, Bank of Israel.
1975—86, Israel Defense Forces.
1988—92, Ph.D. in Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
1986—88, M.A. in Economics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
1982—84, B.A. in Economics and Business Administration, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Grants and Awards:
Israeli Science Foundation research grant, 2001—04.
European Commission Research and Training Network, grant reference no. RTN1-1999-00420, 1999—02.
United States National Science Foundation, grant reference no. SBR—9618285, 1997—98 (with B.E. Sørensen).
Israel Foundations Trustees research grant, 1995—96.
Alon fellowship, 1994—97.
Alfred P. Sloan dissertation fellowship, 1990—91.
Fulbright scholarship, 1988—89.
Published research articles in refereed journals:
Producer Prices versus Consumer Prices in the Measurement of Risk Sharing, Applied Economics Quarterly Konjunkturpolitik, Volume 53, No 1, ( 2007) (with Bent Sorensen).
• Financial Market Integration in the Middle East: How Big is the Peace Dividend? Israeli Economic Review, forthcoming (with B.E. Sørensen).
• Financing R&D in Mature Companies: An Empirical Analysis, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, forthcoming (with A. Blass).
• Risk Sharing and Industrial Specialization: Regional and International Evidence, American Economic Review, 2003, 93, 903—916 (with S. Kalemli-Ozcan and B.E. Sørensen).
• Stage Financing and the Role of Convertible Securities, Review of Economic Studies, 2003, 70, 1—33 (with F. Cornelli).
• Large Shareholders and Banks: Who Monitors and How? Economic Journal, 2003, 113, 128—146 (with Y. Yafeh). To be reprinted in Fan, J., Hanazaki, M., Teranishi, J., eds., Designing Financial Systems in East Asia and Japan, Routledge Press, London.
• Consumption and Aggregate Constraints: Evidence from US States and Canadian Provinces, Journal of Political Economy, 2002, 110, 634—645 (with C. Ostergaard and B.E. Sørensen). 2
• Output Fluctuations and Fiscal Policy: U.S. State and Local Governments 1978— 1994, European Economic Review, 2001, 45, 1271—1310 (with B.E. Sørensen and L. Wu).
• Economic Integration, Industrial Specialization, and the Asymmetry of Macroeconomic Fluctuations, Journal of International Economics, 2001, 55, 107—137 (with S. Kalemli-Ozcan and B.E. Sørensen). Reprinted with extensions in Helpman, E. and E. Sadka, eds., Contemporary Economic Policy: Essays in Honor of Assaf Razin, 2003, Cambridge University Press.
• Industrial Organization of Financial Systems and Strategic Use of Relationship Banking, European Finance Review, 2001, 5, 63—78 (with Y. Yafeh).
• Conflict of Interest in Universal Banking: Bank Lending, Stock Underwriting, and Fund Management, Journal of Monetary Economics, 2001, 47, 189—218. (with H. Ber and Y. Yafeh).
• International Risk Sharing and European Monetary Unification, Journal of International Economics, 1998, 45, 211—238 (with B.E. Sørensen). Reprinted in Eijffinger, S., Lemmen, J., eds., International Financial Integration, 2003, The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics edited by M. Blaug, Edward Elgar, United Kingdom.
• Diversification and Competition: Financial Intermediation in a Large Cournot- Walras Economy, Journal of Economic Theory, 1997, 75, 64—88. Reprinted in Walker, D., ed., The Legacy of L´eon Walras, Volume II, 2001, Intellectual Legacies in Modern Economics edited by S. Medema, Edward Elgar, United Kingdom.
• Financial Markets Reform, Patterns of Corporate Finance, and the Continued Dominance of Large Banks: Israel 1985—1995, Economic Systems, 1998, 22, 175— 199. (with Y. Yafeh).
• Channels of Interstate Risk Sharing: United States 1963—1990, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996, 111, 1081—1110 (with P.F. Asdrubali and B.E. Sørensen). Reprinted in De Grauwe, P., ed., The Political Economy of Monetary Union, 2001, The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics edited by M. Blaug, Edward Elgar, United Kingdom.
• Welfare Analysis of a Market with Pairwise Meetings and Asymmetric Information, Economic Theory, 1996, 8, 167—175 (with R. Serrano). 3
• Privatising Multi-Product Banks, Economic Journal, 1995, 105, 1435—1453.
• Information Disclosure Costs and the Choice of Financing Source, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 1995, 4, 3—20.
• Information Revelation in a Market with Pairwise Meetings: The One Sided Information Case, Economic Theory, 1993, 3, 481—499 (with R. Serrano). Surveys, descriptive articles, articles in edited volumes, and other articles:
• Is State Fiscal Policy Asymmetric Over the Business Cycle?, Kansas City Federal Reserve Economic Review, 2001, Third Quarter (with B.E. Sørensen).
• The Reform in the Israeli Financial System and the Flow of Funds of Publicly Traded Manufacturing Firms, forthcoming in A. Ben-Bassat, ed., The Israeli Economy, 1985—1998: ¿From Government Intervention to Market Economics, essays in memory of Professor Michael Bruno, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. (with A. Blass).
• Is Risk Sharing in the United States a Regional Phenomenon?, Kansas City Federal Reserve Economic Review, 2000, Second Quarter, (with B.E. Sørensen).
• Intranational and International Credit Market Integration: Evidence from Regional Income and Consumption Patterns, in Hess, G. and E. van Wincoop, eds., Intranational and International Macroeconomics, 2000, Cambridge University Press, New York (with B.E. Sørensen).
• Consumption Smoothing through Fiscal Policy in OECD and EU Countries, in Poterba, J. and J. von Hagen, eds., Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Institutions, 1999, Chicago University Press, Chicago (with A. Arreaza and B.E. Sørensen).
• Federal Insurance of US States: An Empirical Investigation, in Razin A., and E. Sadka, eds., Globalization: A Public Finance Perspective, 1999, Cambridge University Press, New York (with B.E. Sørensen).
• Corporate Governance in an Emerging Market: The Case of Israel, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 1998, 10, 79—89 (with A. Blass and Y. Yafeh).
• Decentralized Markets with Pairwise Meetings: Recent Developments, Journal of International and Comparative Economics, 1995, 4, 223—241 (with R. Serrano).
4 Research working papers:
• Financing Innovation: Is Transparency a Two-Edged Sword?
• What Determines Capital Income Flows and Ownership across U.S. States? (with S. Kalemli Ozcan, A. Reshef and B.E. Sørensen).
• Monetary Transmission in an Open Economy: The Differential Impact on Exporting and Non-Exporting Firms (with H. Ber and A. Blass).
• Financial Liberalization and Competition in Banking: An Empirical Investigation (with S. Ribon). • Regulation by Entry (with F. Cornelli).
• Endogenous Probabability of Failure of a Financial Intermediary: A Dynamic Model (with M. Buchinsky).
Teaching:
International Finance (Ph.d.), Department of Economics, Harvard University. Macroeconomics (B.A.), Berglas School, Tel Aviv University.
Topics in Financial Markets (B.A., M.A.), Berglas School, Tel Aviv University.
Microeconomics (B.A.), Berglas School, Tel Aviv University.
Topics in the first year macroeconomics sequence: Consumption and International Finance (M.A., Ph.d.), ECARES, Brussels, spring 1999, 2000, 2001.
Income and Consumption Smoothing among Individuals, Regions, and Countries (short course), Universit´e des Sciences Sociales, Toulouse (M.A., October 1997); ECARES, Brussels (Ph.d., October 1998, October 1999), Research Department, Bank of Spain (January 1999), Tel Aviv University (M.A. and Ph.d., July 1999), University of Copenhagen (Ph.d., September 2000), Research Department, Bank of Italy (April 2001), CFS (Frankfurt) Summer School (Ph.d., August 2001), CES-Ifo (Munich)–3 lectures (Ph.d., September 2002).
Economics of Information (B.A.), Berglas School, Tel Aviv University.
Foundations of Finance (MBA), Recanati Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University.
5 Topics in Banking (MBA), Recanati Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University.
Risk, Uncertainty, and Information (Ph.d.), Economics Department, Brown University.
Corporate Finance (undergraduate), Economics Department, Brown University.
1999/2000 Rector's Prize for Excellence in Teaching, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University.
1998– Head of M.A./Ph.d. programs, Berglas School of Economics.


A display face that gives you strong and bold typography with three different styles that make up the family, a regular, serif and slab serif. Hudson NY is an adaptation and progression of Roper Font, and like Roper font it comes in regular and a press versions, giving the user some cool options when creating artwork. The golden thread that ties this family together is its american sports and college styling, it gives Hudson NY an authentic look but at the same time there is a modern approach to the character set.
Introducing a new display typeface, Hudson NY. Its a display face that gives you strong and bold typography with three different styles that make up the family, a regular, serif and slab serif. Hudson NY is an adaptation and progression of Roper Font, and like Roper font it comes in regular and a press versions, giving the user some cool options when creating artwork. The golden thread that ties this family together is its american sports and college styling, it gives Hudson NY an authentic look but at the same time there is a modern approach to the character set.
I would like to thank the talented Kurt Dee for allowing me to use his awesome pictures of New York City to create this the overall theme for this project, please go check out his instagram @kurtdee.
and get further info on the full character set.


text:
STEM: anything is possible
To kick off National Science and Engineering Week (9-18 March) we welcomed Dr Nicola Hoyle to the school last Friday as part of our Science Society Talks. The subject of Nicola's talk was: STEM - anything is possible.
Nicola spoke about science in the real world and that how event CGI movies needed to have an element of reality to be accepted by moviegoers. As such, she stated that CGI programmers will watch animals' behaviour before trying to replicate this on the screen (inverse kinematics). She also discussed the varied range of careers within engineering - from BT engineers who fix cabling issues to engineers who decide to shoot movie explosions under water, summing up that engineering is all about solving problems. However, she did say that lots of CGI programmers are American, hence the drive to encourage more UK students into STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths).
She also got our pupils involved in discussing what things might need fixing by future generations, such as climate change, pollution and overfishing. They also completed a task where they had to decide what items to grab from a sinking yacht in the middle of the ocean.
Nicola ended her talk by encouraging pupils to do what they enjoy and always ask how and why.
Nicola studied maths at Oxford University aged 16 and subsequently completed a PhD at Southampton University before working for the Williams Formula 1 team. She then led a team at Double Negative, a visual effects company, which won an Oscar and BAFTA for their computer graphics on the film, Inception.


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IACMR Bimonthly Briefing – December 2017
IACMR News
1. End-of-Year Message from the President
Dear IACMR members, colleagues and friends,
2017 is almost over. I would like to take a moment to report to all of you a few highlights of IACMR in 2017.
(1). Dare to care. The problems with the current management research and education ecosystem are well known by now, but few have dared to effect necessary changes. As an important first step, IACMR board decided to sponsor the very first "Responsible research award" in our forthcoming Wuhan conference in June 2018. In collaboration with the Community for Responsible Research in Business and Management (RRBM), our research committee and members of RRBM led by IACMR founding president Anne Tsui has selected ten journal articles and two books as the first winners; please see IACMR website for the list of the winners.
(2). Submission breaking new record. Interest to Chinese management research is at record high. Submissions exceeded 200 to IACMR flagship journal, Management and Organization Review (MOR) in 2017, and are over 800 to IACMR conference in 2018, both are highest in IACMR history. IACMR research methods workshop 2017, hosted by Huazhong University of Science and Technology, again attracted a large number of scholars – 120 participants from 56 universities/affiliations.
(3). Education Initiative going strong. In 2015, IACMR Board decided to take on the challenge of help improving the quality of management education in China and launched Teaching and Learning Conference (TLC) initiative in the 2016 IACMR Conference. Building on the initial success of the 2016 TLC, IACMR conducted two case teaching method workshops, one at Guanghua School of Management, Peking University and another at the Economics and Management School of Wuhan University. We also introduced and conducted a Philosophy of Management Research Teacher Training workshop, in cooperation with Guanghua school of Management of Peking University in 2016 and the Business School of Nanjing University in 2017.
(4). Reach out far and often. IACMR partnered with AIB and Lancaster University and co-sponsored keynote sessions in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in July 2017, and Lancaster, UK on July 28, 2017, respectively. In August 2017, IACMR had a business meeting with a keynote panel on "responsible research," and hold joint reception with MOR and Wuhan University in AoM, with over 300 members and friends attending. "Article of the Month" campaign from MOR generated much more attention to Chinese management research. IACMR WeChat public account and WeChat groups have become active sharing and discussion platforms for many of our members. A brand new IACMR website and a conference system have also been set up.
(5). A new leadership team elected. Runtian Jing of Shanghai Jiao Tong University is elected Vice President-Elect and Program Chair 2020, and four area representatives have also been elected: David Zhu, Arizona State University, USA, Jingjing Yao, IESEG School of Management, France; Xiaotao Yao, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China, Yi Tang, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China. Chris Marquis (Cornell University) and Aichia Chuang (The National Taiwan University) were appointed co-chairpersons of the Research Committee. IACMR Board met in August 2017 and appointed Lerong He (New York University, Brockport) as IACMR Treasurer and Executive Secretary, Anne Tsui (Notre Dame University) as Co-treasurer and Controller.
(6). Preparation of IACMR 2018 going well. Under the leadership of Dean Min Song and Party Secretary Xiaocheng Du of the School of Economics and Management of Wuhan University, a strong local arrangement committee has been established. The 2018 conference will be held in a beautiful water front resort, East Lake Conference Center, where China's late chairman Mao Zedong used to stay during the summer months. Chairman Mao even wrote a poem about his experience of staying there. There is also a Chairman Mao museum inside that resort. We look forward to another wonderful conference in 2018, and look forward to seeing many of you there.
Wish you all Happy Holidays and hope to see you in Wuhan!
Neng Liang
President of IACMR, Professor of Management
China Europe International Business School
On Behalf of the Executive Committee
2. IACMR 2018 Conference Preparation
(1) Confirmed conference keynote panel speakers
· Conference theme keynote panel: Ronald Burts (University of Chicago), Henrich Greve, (INSEAD Singapore), Jing Zhou (Rice University)
· Strategy research panel: Martin Kenney (University of California at Davis), Jay Barney (University of Utah), Xiaolan Fu (Oxford University)
· Organizational behavior panel: Oded Shenkar (Ohio State University, 2018 DSC Award winner), Yaru Chen, (Cornell University), Chenbo Zhong (University of Toronto)
(2) Paper submission summary
Total Submissions
English Macro 179
English Micro 213
Chinese Macro 168
Chinese Micro 231
Symposia 11
PDW Proposals 27
Total submissions 829
(3) Paper review process
The conference applies a double-blind review process for each submission. The paper review process is approaching an end with a total of 1620 counts of reviews. The decisions of acceptance or not will be made in mid-January. The conference registration system will be open before the end of December.
3. Deans' Forum in Wuhan
The hosting school of 2018 conference – the Economics and Management School of Wuhan University organized a deans' forum on November 9. Thirty-two deans from universities in Wuhan and other cities joined the forum. Prof. Neng Liang, IACMR President, introduced the three functions of IACMR as a professional academic organization, namely, a platform for international academic exchanges via the biennial conference, the official website and , a promoter of research results by publishing journals and books and a propellent of training up educators by organizing research and education workshops. Prof. Zhixue Zhang, IACMR Vice President, gave an overall introduction about the 2018 conference and highlighted the key events at the conference.
The host encouraged the deans join the Local Arrangement Committee (LAC) to support the 2018 conference. The deans spoke highly of the roles the IACMR conferences have played in promoting management research and education in China and expressed their support to the conference next year.
<span "="">Group Photo of Deans' Forum
4. 2017 Philosophy of Management Research (PMR) Teacher Training Workshop
The second PMR Teaching Training Workshop Co-sponsored by the Nanjing University Management School and IACMR was held successfully from December 7 to 11, 2017 at Nanjing University. The workshop has 8 workshop instructors (Anne S. Tsui, Arizona State University, Jian Liang, Tongji University, Weiguo Zhong, Peking University, Tian Wei, Fudan University, Zhi Yang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Liangding Jia, Nanjing University, Wei He, Nanjing University and Yan Jiang, Nanjing University).15 professors from thirteen leading business schools in Chinese Mainland, Hong Kong, France, USA, Spain and Japan attended the workshop. This workshop involves a four and a half days' intensive study of the philosophy of science issues in social science research, how progress occurs in science, the role of values in scientific activities, and the challenges in management research, concluding with a discussion of the idea of responsible science in business and management. Participants also discussed how to teach this course to doctoral students so that the future scholars will live up to the responsibility of pursuing 'responsible science'– research that generate credible and useful knowledge to improve management and business practices for a better world. The workshop committee plans to organize a Professional Development Workshop at the 2018 IACMR conference in Wuhan. Information about application to these activities will be available in due time.
<span "="">Group Photo of the PMR Teaching Training Workshop
5. Research Seminar: A Vision of Responsible Research in Business and Management: Striving for credible and useful knowledge
A research seminar co-sponsored by IACMR and the Guanghua School of Management, Peking University was lectured by Anne S. Tsui (University of Notre Dame, Peking University, Fudan University) on Dec. 15, 2017 at Guanghua School of Management Peking University. The topic of the seminar was "A Vision of Responsible Research in Business and Management: Striving for credible and useful knowledge". The lecture presented a "Vision 2030" in which business schools and scholars worldwide have successfully transformed their research toward responsible science (defined as research that produces credible knowledge with either direct or indirect usefulness for addressing problems important to both business and society). Apart from lecturing, Prof. Tsui invited discussion and debate on the possibility of creating a "responsible research" ecosystem so that business and management research can become a force of change for a better world. Over 60 scholars attended the seminar and commented it was an enlightening seminar and the idea of responsible research will surely urge them to conduct more researches useful to the society.
<span "="">Prof. Anne Tsui
6. IACMR MBA Case Teaching Method Workshop at Wuhan University
The MBA Case Method Teaching Workshop co-organized by Economics and Management School of Wuhan University and IACMR was held successfully on November 10th, 2017 at Wuhan University. Over 70 faculty members from Wuhan and other cities, including Wuhan University, Peking University, Hubei University, Wuhan University of Technology, Nanjing University, Renmin University of China, Harbin Institute of Technology, attended the training workshop. IACMR President, Prof. Neng Liang demonstrated how to do case teaching step by step by going through a few carefully selected cases. Different groups were formed to discuss about solutions of different roles in the cases, and Prof. Liang guided the participants to further their discussions by introducing carefully-phased case materials. In the end, Prof. Liang introduced the four stages of case teaching method: i.e. 'introduce, polarize, analyze and summarize', and the Case Triangle Theory (real-controversial-with element of surprise). Prof. Liang's rich experience in teaching cases with CEIBS and his demonstration have greatly benefited all the participants.
<span "="">Prof. Neng Liang
Following Prof. Liang's sessions, IACMR Vice President, Prof. Zhixue Zhang shared with all participants his experience of 'participative teaching' method which focuses on students' participation in class instead of teachers' straight delivery of contents. Prof. Zhang introduced three key methods of case teaching: case discussion, simulation and role play, behavior survey and feedback. By employing such methods, the participants were fully involved in classroom discussions and encouraged to find solutions to the problems presented in the cases. In this way, the workshop participants had chances to combine their own experience with the case problems and thus really enhance their abilities of case analysis.
<span "="">Prof. Zhixue Zhang
Membership Statistic
Up to December 15 we have 7373 IACMR registered Members (after removing thousands of dormant members who registered years ago), 1466 are active paid members. Our members come from more than 50 countries all around the world. 4349 members are from universities and companies of Mainland China and 385 members are from HK, Taiwan and Macau. We have almost 600 members registered from countries of America. Most of IACMR registered members are from universities and colleges (94%) and 430 members are from companies and other affiliations. Grouping by research field, we have more than 3000 members in Organizational Behavior and HR Management and over 2000 members in Organizational Theory, Chinese Management, Business Policy and Strategy, International Management, etc.
We found many members have incomplete or outdated personal information in our membership database. For better service in the future, we would very appreciate if you could soon update personal information in your Membership Center after logging into your membership account at the IACMR website.
2017 IACMR/Emerald China Doctoral-Research Publication Awards
The policy of the IACMR/Emerald award has been changed from 2017. Now the award offers research grants for China doctoral-research publications (instead of dissertations previously) in the field of management. The award will offer 8,000 RMB to fund each of two winning articles and prizes of 4,000 RMB for each of three runners-up.
Till Dec.19, 2017, we have received 49 paper recommendations from 34 universities, such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Zhejiang University, Tongji University, Xiamen University. The closing date for applications is 31 December 2017. To view the detailed information and download application form, please visit here.
Management and Organization Review (MOR) Updates
1. MOR Special Issue: Collection of Cross-Cultural Papers
MOR Special Issue celebrating and honoring Professor Kwok Leung, and his scholarship is scheduled for publication in MOR 13.4. To further enhance this special issue, Cambridge University Press and MOR have created a special collection of cross-cultural papers that have previously appeared in the journal. An editorial perspective authored by Professor Chi Yue Chiu (Chinese University of Hong Kong), Deputy Editor for MOR, introduces this collection. This collection is available for free download here.
2. MOR's December Article of the Month is A Self-Regulation Model of Zhong Yong Thinking and Employee Adaptive Performance by Wen Pan and Li-Yun Sun. Please click here to download free for the entire month.
Management Community News
1. Academy of Management Discoveries Special Issue Workshop
The AMD Special Issue of 'Sustainable Development for a Better World: Contributions of Leadership, Management and Organizations' is co-sponsored by the Academy of Management Discoveries, IACMR, Guanghua School of Management, Peking University and School of Business, Nanjing University. The two workshops were successfully held at the above two schools on Dec. 5 and Dec. 12 respectively. There were 25 participants in each workshop. These 50 participants came from Peking University, Nanjing University, University of Macau, University of Science and Technology of China, University of San Francisco, East China Normal University, Wuhan University, National Chung Hsing University, and The University of Newcastle, etc. Written proposals for discussion had been received before the workshops. Faculty facilitators (Anne S. Tsui(University of Notre Dame), Xu Huang (Hong Kong Baptist University), Liangding Jia (Nanjing University), Dong Liu (Georgia Institution of Technology), Yan Zhang (Peking University), Yingying Zhang (CUNEF), Weiguo Zhong (Peking University), and David Zhu (Arizona State University)) provided feedback and guidance on the proposals. Many promising research ideas for the special issue have shown up and the submission deadline is July 31, 2018.
2. New Book
Managing Expatriates in China: A Language and Identity Perspective
Ling Eleanor Zhang, Anne-Wil Harzing, & Shea Xuejiao Fan
Published by Palgrave, London, United Kingdom, 288pp. ISBN 978-1137489074
In Palgrave Studies in Chinese Management
Series editors: Yingying Zhang & Anne Tsui
Please click here to read detail introduction of the book.
3. Handbook of HRM Frontier Research & Practice Scales
The handbook is co-authored by IACMR members of Qing Miao, Sijing Chen, Zhun Gong and Yan Hong won the Third-prize of the Outstanding Achievement Award (Basic Theory Research) of the 19th Philosophy of the Social Sciences in Zhejiang Province. The book included 242 scales collected from top management journals in recent twenty years which is a valuable handbook for researchers.
Your contributions are also welcomed. You can send us news about members' activities, research information, feedback about IACMR, and information from management field, etc. to iacmrmembership@pku.edu.cn. Submission deadline is 15th of every even-month.


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Ytu is a genus of beetles in the family Torridincolidae, containing these species:

 Ytu angra Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu artemis Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu athena Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu brutus Spangler, 1980
 Ytu cleideae Vanin, 1991
 Ytu cupidus Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu cuyaba Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu demeter Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu godayi Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu hephaestus Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu itati Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu mirandus Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu mirim Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu morpheus Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu phebo Reichardt, 1973
 Ytu reichardti Vanin, 1978
 Ytu yaguar Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu ysypo Reichardt & Vanin, 1977
 Ytu zeus Reichardt, 1973

References

Myxophaga genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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<Don Schumacher, seven drivers to donate brain for concussion research
Mets close to dealing Familia to the Athletics>
Soul season ends with back-to-back Brigade losses
Anthony Caruso IIIon July 21, 2018 /0 comments
The Arena Football League Champion will be someone other than the Philadelphia Soul. The City of Brother Love celebrated the past two Arena Football League Championships.
The Soul ended their season with a 53-41 loss to the Baltimore Brigade on Friday night at Royal Farms Arena. There were 5,139 people at the game.
Baltimore Brigade sends the Philadelphia Soul home, as they advance to the ArenaBowl (Photo by the Baltimore Brigade)
Philadelphia lost the two-game series in aggregates. The Soul needed to beat the Brigade by 12, as they fell by 12 points last Sunday. Instead, they lost in aggregates by 24 points.
The Soul ended their 2018 campaign with a 7-7 record. The Brigade improved to 9-5 on the season.
Baltimore will be one of the team's in next weekend's ArenaBowl game. They will face either the Albany Empire or the Washington Valor in the Championship game.
Brigade quarterback Randy Hippeard went 16 of 24 for 167 yards. He also had seven touchdowns.
Rory Nixon had five carries for eight yards. No other back had positive yardage.
Brandon Thompkins had nine receptions for 67 yards and two touchdowns. Brandon Collins had four receptions for 64 yards and three touchdowns. Quentin Sims also had a 24-yard touchdown reception.
Jordan McCray also had a seven-yard touchdown reception.
Soul quarterback Dan Raudabaugh went 25 of 37 for 274 yards. He also had six touchdowns and one interception.
Jeramie Richardson also had two rushing yards.
Darius Prince had seven receptions for 77 yards and two touchdowns. Aaron Wascha had six receptions for 48 yards and a touchdown. Darius Reynolds had five receptions for 84 yards and a touchdown.
Shaun Kauleinamoku had five receptions for 36 yards and a touchdown. Lonnie Outlaw also had a 29-yard touchdown reception.
Collins had two touchdowns in the second half for the Brigade. McCray also had a seven-yard touchdown.
With 56 seconds left, Mark Lewis made a 23-yard field goal.
The Soul had three different players score touchdowns in the second half. Wascha caught a six-yard touchdown, while Prince caught an eight-yard touchdown.
Outlaw had a 29-yard touchdown with less than six minutes left in the game.
Thompkins had two touchdowns in the second quarter. He first caught an eight-yard touchdown, before catching a five-yard touchdown.
Sims also caught a 24-yard touchdown in the first quarter. His teammate, Collins, caught a 37-yard touchdown just minutes into the game.
Both Prince and Reynolds had 26-yard touchdowns in the first half for the Soul. Kauleinamoku also caught a 13-yard touchdown with 57 seconds left in the half.
Tagged: Anthony Caruso III Arena Football League Sports The Capital Sports Report
Nets officially acquire James Harden in a blockbuster deal
NHRA forced to cancel 2021 NHRA Arizona Nationals


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Home » military
Americans Are Fed Up With Woke Military Leadership: Poll Shows Less Than 50% Now Trust
I recently hit my one-year military retirement anniversary, which has me ruminating on my past life in the Air Force and my feelings on the military overall. While I am proud of my time in uniform and acknowledge that I wouldn't be the woman I am today without my 20 years of dedicated service to
By World News Guru|2022-12-05T11:00:17-05:00December 2nd, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: military, National Security, Opinion, poll, woke|0 Comments
Republican Governors Call for End to U.S. Military COVID Vaccine Mandate
By Jon Styf (The Center Square) Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee and 20 other Republican governors sent a letter to congressional leaders opposing a COVID-19 vaccine mandate on members of the U.S. Armed Forces. The letter asks those leaders to oppose the mandate from President Joe Biden's administration that was issued on Aug. 24, 2021. RELATED:
By World News Guru|2022-12-05T08:58:58-05:00December 2nd, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: COVID, GOP, military, National Security, Politics, The Center Square, vaccine mandate|0 Comments
Why America Loses Wars
By John Waters for RealClearDefense Clausewitz tells us to measure society's strength by whether we achieve victory on the battlefield. Victory entails not just destroying the enemy's fighting capability or claiming his territory, but achieving certain political objectives. American politicians have shown a willingness to end wars without achieving their objectives. In other words, they
By World News Guru|2022-11-29T09:59:14-05:00November 28th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: clausewitz, foreign policy, military, National Security, Opinion, RealClearWire, war|0 Comments
Armed and Beltway-ish: More Federal Bureaucrats Than U.S. Marines Authorized to Pack Heat
By Mark Hemingway for RealClearWire When Congress authorized $80 billion this year to beef up Internal Revenue Service enforcement and staffing, Republican House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy warned that "Democrats' new army of 87,000 IRS agents will be coming for you." A video quickly went viral racking up millions of views, purporting to show a
By World News Guru|2022-11-18T13:59:53-05:00November 17th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: 2nd Amendment, armed federal agents, federal agents, military, National Security, Politics, The Center Square|0 Comments
Biden Requests Lawmakers Ram Through $37 Billion For Ukraine Before New Congress is Sworn In
President Biden asked Congress for another $37 billion in emergency aid for the Ukraine war. The move comes less than two months before a new Congress is sworn in this January. The request is part of a package to fund the government through the end of September 2023. The deadline for a deal to be
By World News Guru|2022-11-17T10:59:35-05:00November 16th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: foreign policy, Joe Biden, military, National Security, Opinion, Russia, Ukraine|0 Comments
Report Reveals U.S. Government's 'Secret Wars' Worldwide, Some Even Hidden from Congress
Last August, we all watched as the last American troops left Afghanistan after 20 years of the forever war on terrorism. Suppose you were to ask the everyday American citizen where American troops are fighting wars today. In that case, you have a fair shot of being told, "nowhere." Suppose you asked those citizens where
By World News Guru|2022-11-09T08:58:53-05:00November 8th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: 9/11, Africa, brennan center, CIA, Congress, foreign policy, illegal war, military, National Security, Opinion, war|0 Comments
Renaming Military Installations Erases More Than Just History, But Also Identity
We all witnessed the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd and subsequent summer riots in the name of social justice that ravaged our cities. Monuments were graffitied, torn down, and buildings were renamed. No one from history has been exempt from this treatment, including our Founding Fathers. Their contributions to our country have often
By World News Guru|2022-10-13T13:59:18-05:00October 12th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: confederate, Culture, Life, Lloyd Austin, military, National Security, woke|0 Comments
Department of Defense Dragged After 'Woke' Tweet Celebrating 'Indigenous People's Day'
The Department of Defense, having resolved all matters relating to the defense of our nation apparently, took a swipe at Christopher Columbus by celebrating 'Indigenous People's Day.' The official Twitter account of the DOD made the woke declaration on Columbus Day, an official federal holiday since 1971. "Native Americans have proudly worn our nation's uniform
By World News Guru|2022-10-12T07:59:25-05:00October 11th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: Columbus Day, Indigenous Peoples Day, military, National Security, Opinion, Pentagon, woke|0 Comments
The Best Of The Best: Chuck Norris' Top 10 Greatest Films In One Roundhouse Kick List
Hands down, the most remarkable man who has ever walked this Earth is none other than Chuck Norris. I heard the other day that archaeologists found some missing passages believed to be from The Bible. The missing passages explained that when God said, "Let there be light" Chuck Norris responded with, "Say Please." Did you
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Officials: U.S. Secretly Conducting Operations Against Russia In Ukraine
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By World News Guru|2022-10-11T09:59:31-05:00October 7th, 2022|Categories: Politics|Tags: CIA, military, National Security, Opinion, Russia, Ukraine, war|0 Comments
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As the Sawatch Mountains surrender their height to the vast, high plain of the San Luis Valley, they terminate with one last lookout over the valley, Saguache Peak at 10550ft. A short sidetrip from Ute Pass allows access to a shoulder of this last grand valley overlook. Compared with the many twelve thousand foot Sawatch Range passes to the north, Ute Pass may seem insignificant. True, the mountains to the north are a lot higher. But the location of this pass, at the southern tip of a range, with a commanding overlook of two valleys, give this pass its strategic interest.
In order to obtain this commanding view, a small additional climb from the top of the pass is necessary. I imagine that at one time the Utes must have valued this strategic view very much. From here you see all movement along Saguache Creek, which leads up to the historically significant Cochetopa Pass. Today the town of Saquache seems to sleep in the valley below.
3.(9944ft,mile09) TOP: Ute Pass, sidetrip to nearby hilltop is on right.
4.(8680ft,mile13) junction with little Columbia Guch road. Continue downvalley towards right.
5.(8590ft,mile14) continue downvalley to right.
From South. The first dirtroad, encountered heading west from Saguache on Co114, is clearly labeled Ute Pass Road. The smooth dirt road climbs gently and steadily through pinyon cactus and sagebrush to Juniper forest country. Good, quiet self-contained camping is available here. The road climbs to the summit in a steep bow and the road surface becomes much rockier. Small powerlines cross the pass summit.
The main road continues to the overlook mentioned above, where the strategic advantages are utilized today by a radio tower and microwave transmission dishes. The far views of the San Luis Valley and Sangre de Cristo Range can be quite incredible. But the clarity of crisp, late autumn light is necessary to appreciate them.
From North. (described downwards) Because of the rocks and the steepness on the top of this side, I think the ordeal of going down is preferable to the ordeal of climbing. The first part of the descent is steeper and rockier than anything on the south side, but still ridable in a downward direction.
The road emerges at a private housing site, that first looks like a public campground. There is a "Ute Pass" sign at a critical intersection on this side, for those heading up. After all that bumpy braking the best part of the ride just may be the final miles of perfectly smooth pavement, rolling towards Villa Grove with the Sangre de Cristos in the background. This final part is not unlike descending into San Luis Valley from Poncha Pass, but Poncha Pass without cars. Also from this side, the name for the small settlement Villa Grove begins to make some sense, as one rides past a majestic grove of Cottonwoods trees lining Kerber creek, a mile away..
Dayrides. The two approaches are connected by a paved road with very wide shoulder for a dayride of comfortable proportion, even during the hottest time of the year. I measured 45 miles with 3200 feet elevation gain, using an Cateye100A cycle computer on such a ride. The ride included the extra summit and a few circles around sleepy Saguache.


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Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics
Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics (GENE30001)
The emphasis of this subject is on understanding how evolutionary forces shape the gene pool, on the use of molecular markers in genome mapping, in dissecting polygenic traits by mapping quantitative trait loci, and in other applications such as phylogenetics and conservation biology. The topics covered will be classical population genetics, the impact of natural selection, processes of speciation, conservation genetics, evolution of development, phylogenetic reconstruction, development of saturated linkage maps, physical mapping of genomes, mapping quantitative trait loci, comparative genomics, functional genomics and high-throughout methods of scoring genetic polymorphisms.
Upon completion of this subject, students should have: understood how genes, gene pools, and genomes change through evolutionary time; acquired an up-to-date understanding of the relationship between molecular genetics and evolutionary biology; developed a capacity to critically review the written literature and to access web-based databases of genomic information; understood how genes, gene pools and genomes change through evolutionary time; developed a critical appreciation for the methods used to detect and quantify the major evolutionary forces; comprehended the logic used in inferring evolutionary processes from patterns of genetic variation in space and time; and appreciated the connections between evolution and conservation biology, development and phylogenetics.
Completion of this subject is expected to enhance the generic skills of a student in: the ability to understand how complex new scientific data is acquired and applied to old and new problems in biology; the ability to read complex literature and be able to interpret this in order to answer detailed questions on both theory and methodology; an appreciation for how modern science is informed by cross-disciplinary studies leading to applications in agriculture, industry and human biology; the ability to use information technology to acquire relevant knowledge; the statistical analysis of data.


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Mikes Test
M. Night Shyamalan Movie Twists, Ranked
Associated Press AP May 15, 2019 8:53 pm May 15, 2019 Off 51
Depending on who you talk to, M. Night Shyamalan is a master of suspense, leading his audience into believing that a film will go in one direction, only to pull the rug out from under us with a surprise twist. At least, that is what one group will tell you. To others, he is a director who cheaply abuses his fake out gimmick as an ironic way to remain relevant despite his consistent failures as a filmmaker.
Love him or hate him, M. Night Shyalaman does, indeed, take pleasure in titillating his audience with a fun twist ending, which he especially made clear with the resolution(s) of his comic book genre analysis, Glass, but more on that later. While twist endings have certainly been a defining aspect of his over the past couple of decades, there are endings that have left us in the deepest state of shock, as well as those that left us sheepishly underwhelmed.
Without taking overall movie quality into account, let's take a look at M. Night Shyamalan's most memorable twists, ranked from "Really? What the heck?" to "REAAAAALLLLLY?! WHAT THE HECK!" *Of course, I will be discussing the ending of these films, so SPOILER ALERT! *
9. Lady In The Water (2006)
You're probably wondering, Why even include this one on the list? There's no twist. Well, that is precisely why it is ranked at the bottom. The twist is laughable, wholly inconsequential, and comes so early in the film that it is easy to disregard it as a twist.
M. Night Shyamalan's seventh effort as writer and director is about a bedtime story character named… Story (Bryce Dallas Howard) who becomes stranded at an apartment complex maintained by superintendent Cleveland Heep (Paul Giamatti). Heep must protect Story from vile creatures trying to keep her from returning to her fantasy world. Meanwhile, Story also tells Heep that her purpose for visiting the human world is to become the muse for an aspiring author destined to write a book that will inspire future leaders to make the world a better place, but only after the challenging concepts he proposes lead to his assassination. The author is played by M. Night Shyalaman.
That is the twist, people. The movie you thought was a modern variation of the fairy tale is really Shyamalan's personal indictment on the people who criticized his own writing. This could have been more easily forgivable or even accepted as an intriguing plot point if not for the self-indulgent decision to cast himself as the writer who will one day save the world and die doing it. Lady in the Water's "hidden" message is so on the nose that it only did less to legitimize M. Night Shyamalan's reputation as a dramatist and more as an unintentional comedic genius.
I suppose his next film (and the next on our list) was his way of swerving into that skid.
8. The Happening (2008)
People who hate The Happening are those who do not know how to have fun with a movie regardless of quality. Do not get me wrong: as a serious disaster movie, I think it's not great, but as a satire of disaster movies, I think it's brilliant.
M. Night Shyamalan cast Mark Wahlberg in the, then, unlikely role of a high school biology teacher struggling to protect his wife (Zooey Deschanel) and his best friend's daughter (Ashlyn Sanchez) after a mysterious disaster occurs that, somehow, is resulting in a sweep of fatalities across the country. The marketing material kept the actual "happening" of the film a secret, as well as the hilariously bizarre moments the film is now infamous for ("Whaaaaat? Nooo!"), but we discover in the film's opening that something is causing people to take their own lives. Intriguing (pre-Bird Box) setup, but wait until you hear the twist!
Instead of widespread mania or biological warfare as characters speculate at first, the earth's vegetation is emitting a poisonous gas out of revenge against human beings. While this could have been M. Night Shyamalan's attempt at environmental commentary, it is impossible not to laugh at the idea, especially with the robotic acting, off-putting dialogue, and other head scratcher moments from beginning to end. Really, I think he knew what he was doing with this one and we just weren't ready for him to show his darkly humorous side, but it does not save the twist from feeling empty.
At least it was not as ambiguous as this one…
7. Signs (2002)
Signs, signs, everywhere there's signs that alien invaders are among us in M. Night Shyamalan's third mainstream thriller. Mel Gibson plays Graham Hess, a former minister, having lost his faith following the death of his wife, whose family is plagued by suspicions that Earth may be under attack. The biggest red flag is the huge crop circle that formed on Gibson's farm just overnight.
The film's climax sees the family in seemingly better times having survived the night of the predicted invasion, until they discover an intruder in their midst: one of their extraterrestrial visitors, holding Graham's son Morgan (Rory Culkin) with sinister intent. Suddenly, Graham has a flashback of the last thing his late wife said to him: "Tell Merrill to swing away," prompting him to tell his high school baseball star brother, Merrill (Joaquin Phoenix), to grab his old slugger and take a good swing at the alien. In all the commotion, the alien knocks over a glass of water on the table (which there are many laying around, thanks to Graham's germaphobic daughter, played by a young Abigail Breslin), which drips down his skin and appears to have a deadly effect on him. So, with a mix of melee fighting skills and a generous dose of acidic water, Merrill manages to successfully defeat the alien.
There are two twists that I count in this scenario and I do not care much for either of them. For one, the idea of our otherworldly enemy being allergic to water is a blatant rip-off of H.G. Wells' common cold-sensitive martians in The War of the Worlds, and, on the other hand, I cannot decide what to make of Graham's wife's psychic vision. Is there supposed to be a deeper symbolic meaning to this reveal, did the wife have some secret connection to the aliens, or was it just thrown in there for convenience? Unfortunately, I have to go with that last option, personally, which is heartbreaking since Signs is on fire with some very effective moments of suspense until the final letdown.
Some would actually say the same about this next film.
6. Unbreakable (2000)
Most comic book movies glorify the idea of being a superhero as the best thing that could ever happen to you. For David Dunn (Bruce Willis), it marks a point of depression for him. You can't really blame him though, since he makes his revelation by being the only survivor of a fatal trainwreck.
In M. Night Shyamalan's intriguing analysis of superhero mythology, Unbreakable, Dunn discovers, denies, and comes to accept his superhuman abilities (strength, indestructibility, and sensing evil through physical touch) with the help of a comic book enthusiast, who is the complete opposite of indestructible, named Elijah Price (Samuel L. Jackson). The ending of the film sees Dunn shaking hands with his new friend and, suddenly, his "sixth sense" kicks into gear, allowing his see a vision of Price sabotaging the same train he survived. In that moment, Dunn realizes that his ally is really his arch enemy, an aspiring supervillain searching for his superhero.
There is a variety of reasons to love this twist, even if you are one of those who claims to have seen it coming. Not only does it serve as a potent, thought-provoking indictment on comic book tropes, but also a commentary on the dangerous effects of obsession. Price is so determined to prove that his comic book fantasies are reality that he willfully assumes the role of the antagonist (and alias Mr. Glass) and goes to grave lengths to carry out his mission, leading to his downfall.
Of course, it would not be a superhero movie without an arch villain, so the reveal does lose momentum in that regard. Perhaps if the audience did not know it was a comic book movie…
5. Split (2017)
After a series of embarrassing critical and commercial failures that I will not mention for the sake of our readers' mental health, M. Night Shyamalan finally made what appeared to be comeback with 2015's The Visit (more on that later). This made audiences skeptical if he could make another killing two years later with this thriller starring James McAvoy as man with dissociative identity disorder holding three teenage girls captive.
The movie's final girl, Casey Cooke (Anya Taylor-Joy) manages to narrowly escape James McAvoy's Kevin Wendell Crumb after he takes on the persona of his strongest and most animalistic identity, The Beast, but only by proving that she, like Kevin, is also a victim of an abusive childhood. M. Night Shyalaman tricks the audience into believing this is the inevitable twist we have been waiting for, until a bonus scene reveals the film's true purpose. We see two women chatting about Crumb's arrest at a diner, comparing him to another man who was arrested about 17 years prior whose name they cannot recall, until Bruce Willis as David Dunn interjects with their answer: "Mr. Glass."
"Split is an Unbreakable sequel?!" is what audiences gasped as they walked out of the theater. It was a perplexing, yet warmly welcomed reveal that showed how Split was the beginning of David Dunn's next villain. It helped M. Night Shyalaman, once again, gain relevance as an innovator of the surprise ending and had fans excited to see where his comic book-inspired universe would go next.
Depending on who you ask, the next and final chapter in the Unbreakable universe served as Shyamalan's most ambitious venture into twisty storytelling yet.
4. Glass (2019)
Which leads me to this follow-up. If you go to an M. Night Shyamalan movie for his signature twist ending, Glass, his conclusion to story set up in Unbreakable and Split is the ultimate experience for fans because it is chock full of them.
After learning that his next big adversary is on the loose, David Dunn (Bruce Willis reprising his superhuman Unbreakable role) tracks down James McAvoy's Kevin Wendell Crumb (nicknamed The Horde in the media) only for both of them to be arrested and placed in an insane asylum, where Dunn is reunited by his former friend-turned-enemy Elijah "Mr. Glass" Price (Samuel L. Jackson). The trio of living comic book caricatures are monitored by Dr. Ellie Staple (Sarah Paulson), a psychologist who specializes in convincing people who believe they are superheroes that their abilities are an illusion. Inevitably, we learn Staple's true intentions, as well as a couple of other revelations – all within the span of about 20 minutes.
First, Crumb's father was killed on the same train Dunn survived, leading to the abuse he endured by his mentally ill single mother. Second, Staple is actually a member of a covert organization with intent to keep the existence of superheroes and villains a secret to the public, explaining her unusual job title. Finally, Elijah Price copied video evidence of David Dunn and Kevin Wendell Crumb's abilities, which Casey Cooke (Anya Taylor-Joy returning from Split), Dunn's son, Joseph (Spencer Treat Clark), and Price's mother (Charlayne Woodard) reveal to the world over social media, making Staple's mission a failure.
Despite how the conclusion(s) of Glass faced criticism for having a few too many endings and an underwhelming hero-villain battle at the climax, watching the compendium of this three-chapter comic book analysis come to a close was satisfying for me, especially given how M. Night Shyamalan's twist ties these characters together. It was a unique distraction from the usual slam-bang-boom we get from superhero movies, so as a twist it worked.
M. Night Shyalaman managed the reverse effect with this next film.
3. The Village (2004)
The Happening is hilarious schlock. Lady In The Water is irritatingly quirky. The Village is just a bland period piece spliced with a monster movie with characters who should have invested in coffee crops, until you find out what is really going on.
A community of 19th-century townsfolk lives in constant fear of the creatures that hide in the woods outside their quaint village, desperate to stay loyal to the agreement that as long as no one steps foot in the woods, the creatures will leave them alone. When young villager Lucius (Joaquin Phoenix) is injured, his fiancee, Ivy (Bryce Dallas Howard) feels she has no choice but to enter the woods in search of the proper medicine to nurse Lucius back to health, despite her blindness. Yet, her lack of sight is the exact reason the village Elders are willing to let her take this journey. Why?
Not only are the creatures non-existent rumors, as the chief Elder (Willaim Hurt) reveals halfway through, but all that exists outside of the woods is… modern society. Yes, the villagers are pawns in a social experiment kept secret by the park rangers who own the land the village was built on and the monsters are the Elders' ploy to shield its people from the truth. I don't care if you claim to have guessed that halfway, if you felt confused, or if you think this is the pinnacle of M. Night Shyamalan's laziness as a writer, I stand firmly by my belief that is one of the more clever ideas the filmmaker has come up with and makes The Village a far more interesting film than I would have initially expected.
I also did not expect to like this next film's twist as much as I did.
2. The Visit (2015)
M. Night Shyamalan was rotting in movie jail, as far as former fans were concerned, when he teamed up with horror movie wizard producer Jason Blum for this hopeful comeback. I would call The Visit, the filmmaker's first try into the found footage genre, a surprise success in that regard, particularly for being a better attempt at his darkly comic sensibilities after The Happening and for its big surprise near the end.
What at first appears to be teenager Becca's (Olivia DeJonge) fun attempt to document her and her brother, Tyler's (Ed Oxenbould) first ever visit to their grandparents' house soon turns into video evidence of their fight for survival as "Nana" (Deanna Dunagan) and "Pop Pop" (Peter McRobbie) show early signs of not being right in the head. Nana runs through the house naked, Pop Pop keeps dressing up for a non-existent costume party, and hints at the old couples' extraterrestrial lineage are mentioned at one point. It is challenging for the children to accept that their grandparents are insane, until a revealing video chat with their mother (Kathryn Hahn) saves them from worrying if they are destined to inherit their mental illness because those crazy people are not who they say they are.
"Nana" and "Pop Pop" are actually mental patients that the real Nana and Pop Pop used to visit, until the imposters escaped, murdered them, and assimilated themselves into their home before the children arrived. In a film filled with laughably bizarre insanity, the twist is a very creepy and devilishly funny discovery that serves as the film's second biggest "Oh crap!" As for the biggest "Oh crap!" moment, if you have seen the film, you surely know what I am referring to. If not, I will let you find that out on your own.
But no twist that M. Night Shyamalan has delivered in his prolific career has ever, and may not ever, be as iconic his breakout hit.
1.The Sixth Sense (1999)
M. Night Shyamalan had directed two films to not much avail before this Academy Award-nominated chiller.
The title of The Sixth Sense refers to young Cole Sear's (Haley Joel Osment) ability to see the spirits of the unwitting dead. Cole seeks the help of Malcolm Crowe (Bruce Willis), a child psychologist whose marriage has fallen apart since his violent encounter with a former patient (Donnie Wahlberg), to help him cope with his terrifying gift, believing that he is the only one who can help him. Yet, it is Cole who ends up helping Crowe the most, as he realizes in the film's epic finale.
The violent encounter with Crowe's former patient (a gunshot to his stomach) years earlier actually ended his life and Crowe had been a ghost through the whole movie. Finally understanding his wife's inability to communicate with him and after successfully aiding Cole in taking ownership of his skills, Crowe chooses this moment to crossover into the proper afterlife – a bittersweet conclusion wrapped in unbelievable shock. Shyamalan earned comparisons to Steven Spielberg with this hit and justifiably so, considering the clever ways he hints at what would eventually become his trademark without spilling the beans, even if Are You Afraid of the Dark? did the same concept years earlier.
We'll just ignore that.
What do you think of our ranking? Do you agree that The Sixth Sense is the ultimate movie fake out, or do you think I was a little too generous to M. Night Shyamalan? However you feel, let us know in the comments and be sure to check for more fun facts and updates here on CinemaBlend.
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ALA - Almaty Airport (ALA) 7.4 miles from Almaty, KZ.
There is 1 airport in Almaty. Almaty Airport (ALA) is Almaty's primary airport with at least domestic flights and international flights departing from its runways every week. As of today, airlines operate out of Almaty Airport (ALA). Almaty Airport (ALA) is 7.4 miles from Almaty and offers nonstop flights to cities.


Lush and rounded on the palate with dark and summer fruit compote flavours, along with some savoury, smoky bacon and dried herb notes. This is a charming wine with good intensity and tannin structure. Some gentle supporting oak and dark chocolate flavours linger on the finish.


Nothing in Luke Doucet and his wife Melissa McClelland's successful solo careers; or even their previous releases as Whitehorse prepared me for the big-big sound that they have created here on LEAVE NO BRIDGE UNBURNED.
The opening bars to first track Baby What's Wrong? Certainly piqued my interest and the loops, booms, whizzes and sparkling guitar licks that accompany the couple's exquisite harmonizing had me grinning like a ninny four minutes later.
By Sweet Disaster, which is only five songs in I had mentally decided that this album will definitely feature in my end of year Top 10; and if ever Quentin Quarantino remakes Hitchcock's The Birds I can't think of a darker, more atmospheric song to listen to as the credits roll.
The guitar work on You Get Older is straight out of the Duane Eddy stable and the drumming is so cool it will freeze your veins; and don't get me started on the mariachi trumpet that fades in and out.
Who knows what some of the songs are actually about; this is an album of Sonic Alt. Country – Country Noir and nothing sounds better than Fake Your Death (and I'll Fake Mine) which may be a Murder Ballad; or then again, perhaps not.
If you like Nick Cave, The Handsome Family, Cowboy Junkies and/or Richard Hawley you are going to absolutely love Dear Irony and its luscious harmonies, scary twanging guitar and haunting piano never mind the deep and gorgeous lyrics.
Like all music, not everyone will like this album (more fool them!) but those of us who do, will absolutely whig out of our tiny minds during the Rocking and Rolling Oh Dolores and The Walls Have Drunken Ears which close the album; with both songs sounding like what Phil Spector producing a Buddy Holly fronted Ramones might sound like.
Hell! You might enjoy this album so much you could sell the rest of your record collection!


What does an illuminated sage see through physical eyes? I imagine that such eyes do not see the world as "matter " at all, but as "spirit-matter," that is, all is seen through to its luminous depth and height. All such looking is, or may by choice be, spiritual seeing. The eye never stops upon the surface of anything—it probes the depths of all things instantly divining their innermost meaning.