2000-08-10 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=24163807&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US6088685(A) "Global patent litigation dataset" by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A mutual fund securitization process permitting the trading of open end mutual funds and linked derivative securities on or off the floor of a National Securities Exchange. The targeted individual open end mutual fund or group of open end mutual funds, selected through a screening process is securitized through the creation of a new, separate security. This new security is preferably a "closed end fund of funds" and linked derivative securities, which synthetically replicate the statistical relationship of the defined individual or group of open end mutual funds. The maintenance of financial records for the new security is maintained by electronically storing dividend, capital gains and income received from the open end funds which have been invested in, and calculating pro-forma financial statements to disseminate to shareholders and all relevant parties.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/542,431, filed Oct. 12, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,806,048.
This application relates to a new financial process which securitizes open end mutual funds to facilitate intra-day trading of the funds and linked derivative securities.
There are currently over 7,000 open end mutual funds registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. None of these open end mutual funds, or any index of open end mutual funds, or any linked derivative, are traded on a National Securities Exchange. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the way that open end mutual funds sell their shares, and subsequently buy back their shares from the public.
Open end funds are required by law to sell their shares at the net asset value (N.A.V.), which represents the total assets owned by the fund, less the total liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding, plus a sales charge (also known as a sales load). When buying back their shares, open end funds must, by law, buy back their shares at their fund's N.A.V.
Many mutual funds make hundreds (if not thousands) of trades during the day, purchasing and selling a wide range of financial securities, some of which are difficult to value. Thus, it is time consuming, tedious, expensive and otherwise difficult to determine an exact N.A.V. during the day. Consequently, over 99% of all open end funds allow investors to purchase and sell their funds only at the end of the day. The remaining 1% of open end funds, commonly known as sector funds, calculate their N.A.V. every hour, allowing a more frequent ability to buy or sell their shares. In either case, however, the investor does not know what price will be paid for the open end fund shares until after the order has been placed, and the fund has calculated its N.A.V.
Recently, mutual fund portfolio managers have developed a new type of mutual fund called an open end fund of funds. A fund of funds is an open end fund that invests in other open end mutual funds. But like all the other open end funds created in the past, they can only be bought and sold at the end of the day.
Another new product developed is called the SPDR™, which is short for Standard and Poors Depository Receipt. This security, which is traded on the American Stock Exchange, represents a fractional share of a basket of stocks known as the Standard and Poors 500 index (S&P500). While many mutual funds invest in the S&P500, the SPDR is not a mutual fund; it is a basket of stocks set up as unit investment trust, where the total amount of shares outstanding within the trust fluctuates daily.
In 1992, a large investment banking house created and became the market maker for a basket of stocks which attempted to replicate the performance of a few select open end sector funds, a basket that was traded intra-day on the Over the Counter Market (OTC). Unfortunately, because the net asset value of the open end sector funds was unknown during the 59 minutes of each hour that the basket was traded, the spread between the price that the firm was willing to buy the funds and sell the funds for was large. Further, the correlation between the performance of the basket of stocks to the performance of the open end sector funds was neither reliable nor consistent. This problem existed because the open end fund managers were constantly buying and selling securities during the day, and the investment banking house did not know exactly which securities the open end funds held.
Another recent development within the mutual fund industry is a service that allows investors to buy and sell open end funds during the day. The Jack White & Co., a regional brokerage firm, maintains a screen-based computer system which provides a private market place for investors to buy and sell a small number (less than six percent) of all open end mutual funds at a price other than net asset value, provided buyer and seller can agree on a price. This service has failed to generate significant trading volume, however, because only the public can buy or sell fund shires. Institutional investors, pension funds, portfolio managers, and other professional investors, which traditionally represent 70 to 80% of trading volume, are prevented by law from buying or selling open end mutual funds at a price other than N.A.V. The Jack White program also allows short selling, but shares must be "found," which can take days, weeks, or months to complete the transaction. As a result of these restrictions, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for either the public or the professional investor to purchase or sell open end mutual funds during the day.
Because of the lack of liquidity and the legal obstacles involved in trading open end funds at prices other than N.A.V., up to now, those skilled in developing new products for stock exchanges thought that there was no workable way to trade open end funds, an index of open end funds, or linked derivative securities. The obstacles appeared insolvable.
A) Open end funds cannot sell or buy back their shares at a price other than N.A.V. (plus sales load, if any).
B) Open end funds are unable to let their customers know what price they will receive when they place their order.
C) Open end funds are not traded on an exchange so investors cannot leverage their investments through the trading of derivative securities.
D) Open end funds do not allow investors to place orders including: good 'til cancelled (GTC), open, market, limit, stop loss, or stop limit, which would allow an investor to purchase or sell shares at a specific price or time.
E) Open end funds impose fees for purchases and sales of their shares if they occur frequently.
F) Open end funds impose fees for investors who do not own a minimum amount of shares.
G) Open end shares cannot be easily sold short. Shares must be found, which could take days, weeks or even years.
H) All shares of open end mutual funds and unit investment trusts theoretically could be redeemed in one day, meaning a fund may have its assets drop to zero at any time.
I) Open end fund shares cannot be sold or purchased except through written notification, which may take several days to mail or process.
The present invention's open end fund securitization process will allow for the first time: (a) intra-day trading of an unlimited number of mutual fund indexes comprised of open end funds; (b) intra-day trading of an unlimited number of open end mutual funds with a greater degree of liquidity; and (c) intra-day trading of derivative securities linked to open end funds and indexes of open end funds.
This process is made possible by the creation of a second type of security, which will invest substantially all of its assets in the targeted open end mutual fund shares. The preferred embodiment for this new security is a "closed end fund of funds", which has a fixed number of shares outstanding, and a constant portfolio which is invested exclusively in the shares of the targeted open end fund(s). The result is a new security which will synthetically replicate the performance of those shares purchased, and do so with a high degree of correlation and consistency. This new security can then be listed on a National Securities Exchange and traded without restriction. After trading begins, linked derivative securities can then be listed and traded.
A) Any open end fund, when securitized, can be listed on a stock exchange and traded at any second, minute or hour, regardless of the open end fund N.A.V.
B) Investors can determine what price will be paid before an order is placed.
C) A National Securities Exchange (N.S.E.) will be able to list derivatives on the securitized open end funds, because of the greater price transparency generated through the trading of the securitized open end funds. The invention will act as a hedge for market makers who wish to lay off their risk of making markets in options on the underlying security.
D) Investors will be able to leverage their investments.
E) Investors will be able to place GTC, open, stop loss, market, limit orders when buying or selling their funds.
F) Investors can buy or sell the securitized funds as often as they wish with no penalty.
G) Investors will be able to purchase or sell their shares immediately by making a phone call to their broker, or by electronic trading.
H) Investors will not be charged arbitrary fees for frequent purchases or selling of the securitized open end funds.
I) Investors will not be charged additional fees for owning small quantities of shares.
J) The securitized funds have fixed number of shares which provides stability of asset levels.
K) Investors will be able to sell shares short quicker, and with greater liquidity.
L) Open end fund management will benefit from reduced volatility in their cash levels and in their frequently traded customer account assets, resulting in lower fund expense ratios.
M) Investors purchasing a securitized fund will pay a reduced sales load in many cases than they would-otherwise have to pay because of the bulk purchasing power the securitized fund will have when investing in specific open end funds.
Further objects and advantages include the ability to trade a futures contract on both a securitized fund share and an index of securitized fund shares with linked derivative securities. In addition, the present invention solves a long existing but unsolved and unrecognized need. Many investors, both professional and non-professional own multiple mutual funds in an effort to diversify their investment portfolio's. An index of open end mutual funds would allow greater diversification, lower transaction costs, expanded investment choices and the ability to measure their fund performance against a relevant benchmark index. The index could be calculated many different ways with a great deal of flexibility: equal price weighted, capitalization weighted, or geometrically weighted, depending upon the need. Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B represent how an open-end mutual fund index is created in a general data processing computer. These figures represent computer requirements and also comprise a schematic flowchart of process operating therewithin.
FIG. 2 illustrates how the preferred embodiment of an open-end mutual fund index is synthetically replicated through the creation of a new security. The preferred embodiment for this new security is a "closed end fund" and linked derivative securities.
Referring to FIG. 1A, the box designated 10 represents an electronic database (a "master database") of extensive statistical information stored in a computer containing the entire universe of open end mutual fund statistics in existence registered in the defined country or geographic area. The preferred embodiment database includes extensive statistics for each open end fund. This information includes fund net asset value (N.A.V.) for each year, portfolio composition, investment objective, load adjusted and unadjusted return, maximum sales charge, median market capitalization, daily, monthly, quarterly, yearly, multi-year returns, mpt, beta, sharpe, R squared, standard deviation, historical risk/reward ratios, N.A.V. distribution adjusted earning, payout ratio, potential capital gains exposure, price/book ratio, price/earnings ratio, prospectus, purchase constraints, redemption fees, sector weighting, shareholder fees, total return, total return percentile, turnover ratio, deferred fees, debt % total capitalization, dividends, distributor, telephone number, manager name, manager tenure, class of shares, and brokerage availability. It will be understood that not all of this information is required to practice the claimed invention.
As also reflected in box 10, the computer itself has a preferred specification of at least 420 megabytes of internal memory (hard drive), eight megabytes of RAM (random access memory), a CD ROM player operating at 4× speed (at least), a Pentium CPU, VGA monitor, and a keyboard.
The box designated 12 represents a computer program algorithm or step that eliminates those funds not available for purchase and puts these funds into a new database where these funds are stored in memory. This function acts as a filter eliminating from the search all open end mutual funds that are not available for purchase. The algorithm creates a new memory storage area containing those funds that fit within the criteria and stores those funds within a new section of the computer memory. This new memory location can be accessed by its new name: DATABASE #1. The history of open end mutual funds makes this algorithm very important. Because funds frequently close their doors to new money (as their popularity increases), keeping track of which funds can be purchased at the initial screening stage reduces the waste of memory that would occur by repeatedly saving large amounts of information redundantly to the hard drive.
The box designated 14 represents the step where a minimum asset size of the fund is selected; the time period(s) through which statistics will be retrieved (time t) is chosen and the computer is directed to create a new database where these funds are stored in memory. There are hundreds of funds that have assets of less than $5,000,000. The ability to buy and eventually sell a large amount of shares in a thinly capitalized fund could be problematic. In addition, the smaller funds tend to be the most volatile and tend to have shorter track records to measure their past performance. The minimum asset size selection will direct the computer to select only those funds that have a pre-selected asset level, mitigating some of these potential problems.
The time period (t) for which statistics will be chosen is very important. More so than many other types of security, an open end mutual fund is "ranked" for its performance based upon how well it does over specific time periods. The ability to segregate fund statistics information over various time horizons provide a unique tool to evaluate a funds performance.
The box designated 16 represents a computer program algorithm which separates the group of funds stored in a database created by the step set forth in box 14. This new group of funds is stored in a new memory location defined by its specific investment criteria. This criteria may include a subgroup including the fund investment objective or the sector weightings of its portfolio. Currently, the major fund investment objective subgroups include Aggressive Growth, Growth and Income, Growth, Income, Bond, Sector, Asset Allocation, Specialty, Equity Income, Europe Stock, Foreign Stock, Government Bond, Hybrid Income, Small Company, World Stock and World Bond.
The box designated 18 represents a computer program algorithm which searches and identifies all the funds where the statistical performance is greater than the aggregate subgroup over time periods (t) and puts these funds into a new database where these funds are stored in a new memory location. The performance of a fund can be measured in many ways. It could be based upon total return, load adjusted return, unadjusted load return, or a return with dividends reinvested. Once the specified performance criteria have been selected, the computer can average all of the funds in that subgroup before retrieving those funds that have above average returns. All funds, for example, that have returns better than 50% of the funds in the universe would be selected as being above the "average" subgroup return. These funds would then be stored in a new memory location, to be analyzed at a later time.
The box designated 20 represents an algorithm where the computer searches and retrieves all funds where the risk is smaller than the aggregate subgroup over time periods (t) and stores these funds in a new database. Funds, for example that have a smaller risk profile than 50% (the exact average) of the funds in the subgroup would be selected as beating the "average" subgroup return. These funds would then be stored in a new memory location, to be analyzed at a later time.
Referring to FIG. 1B, the box designated 22 represents an algorithm where the computer combines the funds identified by the steps taken as set forth in boxes 18 and 20 to create a new group of open end mutual funds that have the lowest combined risk to return ratio over time periods (t) and puts these funds into a new database where the information on these funds is stored in a new memory location. Generally, this type of function is called a Relationship Search routine because it allows for linking together user defined criteria to produce one result. It is a very powerful tool for linking large amounts of information together.
The box designated 24 represents a step where the number of funds that the index will contain is chosen. This number could range from 1 to the number of funds in the database. Depending upon the investment objective or how much money is available to invest in the index, this number will fluctuate.
The box designated 26 represents the step where the index calculation method is selected. An index generally is calculated one of three ways; "Equally Priced", meaning all of the price are added up and divided by the total number of securities; "Capitalization Weighted", which is based upon the amount of price of the security times the number of shares outstanding; or "Geometrically Weighted", which involves a more complicated averaging of share prices. The index value can dramatically shift depending upon what weighting is used.
The box designated 28 represents a step that uses a formula which sequentially analyzes each risk/reward ratio of each permutation of funds selected by the computer in step represented in the box designated 30.
Box 30 is an algorithm wherein the general data processor eliminates the large risk/reward combinations found in "database index" using the formula determined by box 28, and sequentially stores in memory the smallest risk/reward combinations, stopping only when the smallest risk/reward ratio is found. This results in the selection of the final index. When all of the funds with superior returns have been identified and stored, and all the funds with lower than average risk have been identified and stored, the computer can then match up all of the different combinations of funds to determine which group contains the optimally lowest risk/highest return ratio. This ratio can be calculated over multiple time period to provide for example, the lowest ratio over 1, 3, 5, and 10 years. In the final group of funds, the number selected by the user pursuant to the step of box 24 will determine how many funds the index ultimately will contain.
The box designated 32 represents the step of displaying a graph of the combined funds over time periods (t), showing their combined statistical performance based upon the calculation method selected set forth in box 26. The computer is instructed to return to box 10 so the program may repeat itself.
Referring to FIG. 2, the box designated 40 represents the group of open end mutual funds selected pursuant to the steps set forth in FIGS. 1A and 1B. These funds own financial securities including stock securities (box 42), bonds and money market instruments (box 44) and or hybrid, illiquid securities (box 46). The N.A.V. is calculated by the open end funds at the end of the day and disseminated to the closed end fund of funds.
The box designated 48 represents the closed end fund of funds which synthetically replicates the performance of those open end funds contained within box 40. By investing all available assets in box 40, the closed end fund of funds statistical performance correlates strongly and consistently with the open end funds located in box 40. A computerized accounting and reporting system, located within the closed end fund of funds, receives overall position reports of changes in fund share ownership through an electronic data link with an exchange clearing computer represented by box 50. Box 48 is the National Securities Exchange ("N.S.E.") clearing computer electronically calculating the overall positions of shareholders at the end of the day and then transferring all shareholder information to the closed end fund. Upon receipt of this information, the accounting and reporting system generates information regarding tax liabilities, financial reports and other relevant documentation to shareholders, government agencies and other relevant parties.
Box 52 represents an electronic data link between the N.S.E. computer and the closed end fund of funds. The closed end fund of funds calculates its net asset value and disseminates that information to the N.S.E. on a daily basis. The N.S.E. then publishes that information to market participants including broker/dealers and institutional investors (box 54), market makers (box 56), brokerage firms (box 58) and public investors (box 60) who then buy and sell the synthetic fund shares intra-day at any mutually agreed upon price (which is used by market participants to derive the price of linked derivative securities). Linked derivative security valuations on the closed end fund of funds are generated, as represented by box 62, the valuation of which is based upon the market prices generated through real-time trading of the relevant closed end fund of funds by market participants located in box 54, box 56, box 58, and box 60. Box 62 is the N.S.E. computer calculating an index of various closed end fund of funds traded.
Box 64 represents the electronic data link between the N.S.E. clearing computer, which keeps track of the exchange trades that occur during the day, and the closed end synthetic fund.
While the inventors believe that an index of open end mutual funds comprised of those funds that have the largest return on investment and the lowest risk combination may outperform those funds that, in contrast, have demonstrated lower returns and higher risk, it must be noted that past performance does not guarantee similar performance in the future.
Thus, the reader will see that the index of mutual funds described herein provides a means for identifying superior historical performance within each subgroup obtainable through a screening process which minimizes the selection of high risk/low return open end mutual funds and maximizes the selection of those funds with low risk/high return statistical data. The hope is that by identifying and investing within an index of funds that have demonstrated superior risk/return ratios within a particular sector, these funds will continue to produce superior returns with low risk in the future than their peers.
The creation of a separate security, the preferred embodiment being a "closed end fund of funds", provides the means for investing intra-day in the desired open end funds, and enables market participants to derive a real-time valuation for linked derivative securities.
While the above description contains many specific examples, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof. Many variations are possible. For example, instead of creating a closed end fund of funds, a unit investment trust could be created to replicate the performance of an open end fund or group of funds. While this security could have large swings in its capitalization level, it nevertheless may be able to replicate the performance of an open end fund or group of funds, and act as a hedge for listed derivative securities.
In addition, an index could be created based upon such strict requirements that the index would be limited to just one fund. Another index variation might be one that selects only those funds that beat an external index such as the S&P500 or Dow Jones Industrial Average. In addition, an index of securitized funds, as well as linked derivative securities including puts and calls, futures, caps and floors, total return swaps, collars, warrants, equity swaps, swaptions, knock-out options and variation thereof could be traded through the Over the Counter Market, which is located off the exchange floor. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.
e) outputting an indication of the determined in real time price of the financial product in humanly readable format.
outputting an indication of the real time determined price of the financial product in a humanly readable format.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of trading the outstanding shares on an exchange.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of listing the outstanding shares on an exchange.
5. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of correlating the price of the outstanding shares to the price of the portfolio.
6. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of calculating overall positions of shareholders of the outstanding shares.
7. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of calculating a net asset value of the financial product.
8. The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of buying and selling the outstanding shares of financial product at a mutually agreed upon price.
9. The method of claim 2 further comprising the steps of trading the outstanding shares of the financial product on an exchange and tracking the trades on the exchange.
10. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of electronically trading the outstanding shares of the financial product.
11. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of creating a derivative product related to the open ended financial product.
12. The method of claim 2 further comprising the step of clearing trades of the open ended financial product.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of trading outstanding shares on an exchange.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of listing the outstanding shares on an exchange.
16. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of correlating the price of the outstanding shares to the price of the securities comprising the sector.
17. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of calculating overall positions of shareholders of the outstanding shares.
18. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of calculating a net asset value of the financial product.
19. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of buying and selling the outstanding shares of the financial product at a mutually agreed upon price.
20. The method of claim 13 further comprising the steps of trading the outstanding shares of the financial product on an exchange and tracking the trades on the exchange.
21. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of electronically trading the outstanding shares of the financial product.
22. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of creating a derivative product related to the open ended financial product.
23. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of clearing trades of the open ended financial product.
changing the securities comprising the financial product in response to designating a revised portfolio of securities.
25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the steps of listing the shares on an exchange and trading the shares on the exchange.
26. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of correlating the price of the shares to the price of the portfolio.
27. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of calculating overall positions of shareholders of the shares.
28. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of calculating a net asset value of the financial product.
29. The method of claim 24 further comprising the steps of buying and selling the shares of financial product at a mutually agreed upon price.
30. The method of claim 24 further comprising the steps of trading the outstanding shares of the financial product on an exchange and tracking the trades on the exchange.
31. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of electronically trading the outstanding shares of the financial product.
32. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of creating a derivative product related to the open ended financial product.
33. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of clearing trades of the open ended financial product.
e) electronically executing the transaction of a purchase or sale of the financial product.
MXPA02011114A (en) * 2000-05-10 2004-03-26 Case Shiller Weiss Inc Techniques for investing in proxy assets.
Cohen; "Canada: First Marathon Inc. Make Fund Tracking User-Friendly"; Financial Post (FINPO); Sep. 14, 1992; p. 20; Dialog File 772, Acc# 09062758.
Dialog Abstract: File 16, Acc# 03222677; Prime Asset Mgmt; Pensions & Investments; May 20, 1991; p. 69.
Dialog Abstract: File 256, Acc# 01203769; Macro*World Investors 5.0; Macro World Research Corp; Released: Jan. 1988.
Dialog Abstract: File 256, Acc# 01561525; Principia for Closed-End Funds 1.0; Morningstar Inc. Released: Jul. 1995.
Duff, "Index Funds with a Twist Can Be Market Beaters"; Money; vol. 24 No. 10; p. 53; Oct. 1995; Dialog: file 15, Acc# 01091136.
Gitter, "Investing, For the Passive-Aggressive"; Financial Planning; Feb. 1995; p. 59; Dialog: File 16, Acc# 05639063.
Hill; "Program Trading of Equities: Renegade or Mainstream? "; Business Horizons; vol. 32 No. 6; p.47(9); Nov.-Dec. 1989; Dialog: File 148, Acc# 04165265.
Schramm; "Index Managers Get Active"; Pensions 7 Investments; Oct. 16, 1995; p. 3; Dialog: File 16, Acc# 05784105.
Makadok 1998 Can first‐mover and early‐mover advantages be sustained in an industry with low barriers to entry/imitation?


so subscribe to email notification if you want to catch on it.
Java is an object – oriented programming language object – oriented developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 90s its creator, James Gosling, named it Oak.
Sun wanted a language to program small electronic devices (appliances and other consumer electronics. The complexity of these devices were continually increasing and for a program to work on the next device, you must rewrite the code. So Sun wanted to create a language independent of the device.
This language was intended to alleviate one of the fundamental problems of C ++: to compile an executable file whose code is valid only for the platform on which the compilation was done.
The appearance in 1994 of the graphical browser Mosaic made Internet popular.
Sun realized that their project achievements were perfectly applicable to the Internet. Basically Internet is a global network that connects computers with different operating systems and different architectures. This idea made the project to develop a common language for consumer electronic devices to be abandoned and direct their research toward developing a language that would create applications that will run on any computer on the Internet.
In 1995 Oak renamed Java. Java is named after a type of coffee in USA is known as Java coffee, a cup of Java is a cup of coffee. Hence the official Java logo is a steaming cup of coffee.
The year it's released for the public it gained popularity quickly, almost since its launch. People started talking about Java and its applets. An applet is a Java program that runs in the context of a web page on any computer regardless of operating system and processor architecture.
The runtime environment was relatively safe and major web browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets embedded in web pages.
During the upcoming years it has been improved and revised heavily. Modified version 1.2 Java was called Java 2 and also their descendants (Java 1.3 and Java 1.4). Currently the number 2 has been removed from the name and the last version is known as Java 8.
Does not allow multiple inheritance.
No need to free up memory manually.
Dynamic memory management is done automatically (garbage collector).
It is a pure object-oriented language. Java accept all the basic variable types (int, char, double …) as an object.
To eliminate the dependency of the machine, a program in Java does not translate directly into executable code.
A Java (.java) program is compiled and a code called bytecode (.class) is obtained.
The bytecode interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
It is also known as JRE (Java Runtime Environment, Java Runtime Environment).
The JRE or Java virtual machine is distributed free for virtually all operating systems, which means that a .class file can be run on any computer or machine incorporating the JRE.
The bytecodes are interpreted by different computers in the same way, so you just have to implement a virtual machine for each platform.
The programmer compiles a one-time Java program, and the bytecode file that gets executed by the virtual machine like Java on any platform (Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc.). Thus Java language that manages to be not dependent on a specific computer architecture.
Execution by the virtual machine makes Java programs run slower than programs written in C ++.
– Compile native code: the java program can be compiled and is executable to machine code directly. But we lose portability.
– Compilers JIT (Just-In-Time): As you are interpreting bytecode generated code in a buffer machine is stored. Thus it is not necessary to translate the code again and translated what we gain in speed.
Java performs checks for problems both at compile time and runtime.
The Java type checking helps detect errors as soon as possible in the development cycle. Java requires the explicit statement of methods, thus reducing the chances of error.
Manages memory to eliminate concerns by the programmer release or memory corruption.
It also implements the arrays genuine, instead of linked lists of pointers, with bounds checking, to avoid the possibility of overwriting or corrupting memory result of pointers that point to the wrong areas. These features drastically reduce the time spent on the development of Java applications.
Contrary to what happens with C / C ++, you cannot access the memory using pointers.
In addition Java incorporates measures that prevent can encode virus with this language. There are many restrictions, especially for applets, which limit what you can and cannot do with the critical resources of a computer.
It supports multiple threads, threads or tasks. This means you can run different lines of code at the same time whether the machine is multiprocessor as if it is not.
Java is not necessary to completely load the program into memory but the compiled classes can be loaded on demand at run-time (dynamic binding).
This process allows the loading of code on demand, which is especially important in applets.
They are intended to be placed within a web page Java programs. They can be interpreted by any browser with Java capabilities. These programs are inserted into pages using a special label (such as videos are also inserted, flash animations or other objects).
There are applications running in an application server.
Are independent programs like those created with traditional languages.
Those who use Java classes with graphics capabilities.
Application designed to run on mobile devices. For example, Java games created for mobile phones.
Java API is a collection of libraries with standard classes.
These classes can be included in Java programs without fear of failure portability. They are also well documented (through Web pages), and organized in packages and in a large inheritance tree.
This whole package is known as the API of Java.
java.lang : Fundamental for language. It includes classes like String or StringBuffer.
java.io : For the input and output through data streams, and system files.
java.util Contains data collections and classes, event model, time facilities, random number generation, and other utility classes.
java.math : Classes for arithmetic accuracy desired.
java.text : Classes and interfaces for handling text, dates, numbers , and messages in a manner independent of natural languages.
java.applet : To create applets and classes that applets use to communicate with their context.
java.awt : To create user interfaces, and to draw images and graphics.
javax.swing : Set of graphical components that work the same on all platforms that support Java.
javax.accesibility : Supports accessibility classes for the disabled.
java.beans : To develop JavaBeans.
java.net : Classes for network applications.
java.sql : Pack containing the JDBC, Java programs to connect with databases.
java.rmi : RMI package to locate remote objects, communicate with them and even send objects as parameters from one object to another.
org.omg.CORBA : Facilitates the possibility of using OMG CORBA, for connection between distributed objects, even if it is encoded in different languages.
There are currently three editions of Java. Each corresponds to a platform that includes a number of functions, packages and language elements (API).
Before it was known as J2SE. It allows writing Java code related to creating common applications and applets in Java.
Still known as J2EE. Designed for building enterprise Java applications and server side.
Also known as J2ME. Designed for creating Java applications for mobile devices, PDAs and other electronic devices.
To write a Java program you must have the Java Development Kit or JDK (installed Java Development Kit), also called Java SDK (Software Development Kit).
The JDK contains the necessary programmers to compile software, debug and implement programs and applets written in Java.
The software and documentation are free according to the license agreement Sun Microsystems.
On this page you can also download the JRE.
javac is the Java compiler command.
The entry of this command must necessarily be a file containing code written in Java language and .java. The command will create us a .class for each class file containing the Java file.
.class Bytecode files contain code, the code is interpreted by the virtual machine.
Java as the Java interpreter.
It allows you to run applications that have been previously compiled and transformed into .class files.
It is not necessary here to supply the file extension because it must always be a class file.
appletviewer is a command that verifies the behavior of an applet. Command input must be a web page that contains a reference to the applet we wish to test.
The command ignores all content on the website that are not limited to applets and run them.
javadoc Generates documentation in HTML format on the content of files with .java extension.
In the documentation generated by this command you can see that methods and constructors has a certain class, along with comments on its use, version, and the author of the class….
Variable used by most applications based on Java that contains the path to the folder where the JDK was installed.
This is similar to the PATH used to indicate routes to the folders in which Java applications are stored variable.
Select the PATH variable and click Modify. Without erasing anything that contains, we must add text at the end of the symbol, and then the path to the bin directory within the JDK folder.
After accepting the above table, we can click on New to add the JAVA_HOME variable as a value indicating the path to the JDK.
From version 1.2 there is talk of Java 2. From version 1.6 stop using J2SE to call Java SE 6, Java SE 7.Each version has several revisions, for example JDK version 1.6.7 refers to revision 7 version 6.
In the official Java documentation.
The most interesting is the documentation of the API of Java.
Facilities for organizing code files.
One of the most popular Java IDE. It is a free open environment for code generation code in different languages.
It contains virtually everything that is often ask a development environment, advanced code editor, debugger, different languages, extensions of all types (CORBA, Servlets, …).
It also includes a Tomcat application server or Glass fish server to test server applications.
Consume enough resources. It has an extensible architecture with specific modules for web development, mobile applications, UML design, etc.
Along with NetBeans, the Java development environment most used free is a complete open source environment.
It also allows development in C ++ and other programming languages.
One of the most popular, although applications obtained may have compatibility issues with the official SDK for Java, by the use of specific libraries Microsoft.


In case you haven't noticed the bombardment of Turbo Tax and H&R Block commercials, it's tax season. And as you probably know, job or employment-related relocation expenses are tax-deductible. It doesn't take much time to find information about the usual expenses people can and can't write off.
But as anyone who's filed taxes before, tax deductions are never black and white, and moving-related expenses are no exception. While we encourage you to seek professional tax advice to properly prepare your tax returns, we do want to share some tax information with you.
Worldwide ERC's Mobility Magazine included a fantastic article of these expenses in its most recent issue, but for those who might have missed it, we wanted to offer a summary of the more common expenses people often overlook.
Lodging: Moving doesn't always completely sync up with your schedule. If you needed a hotel in your former city the night after your belongings were packed, or one in your new location the day of your arrival, that's a tax-deductible expense.
Charges not covered by your employer: If your employer gave you a lump sum, or if they did not pay for certain items such as crating, tips to van line staff, shipment of unusual items, etc., these items can be deducted on your taxes.
Mileage: If you're a multiple car family, don't fret. You can write off the mileage it took to drive to your new home for up to three vehicles. The 2013 rate is 24 cents per mile.
Short-term storage: If you need storage for some of your belongings, the first 30 days of storage, as well as the cost of moving those items to and from storage, is tax-deductible.
There's also an entire blog post of information on the tax considerations around the sale of a home. While we won't get into all of those here, check out Realtor.com's summary of some of those exceptions in case that relates to you.
Distance: The distance from your old residence to your new place of work must be at least 50 miles farther than your old residence and old place of work.
Length of employment: You must be employed full-time in the new location for at least 39 weeks during the first 12 months after you arrive in the general area of your new job location.
Commencement of work: The move must be in connection with the commencement of work at a new location and moving expenses must be incurred at least one year from the time the taxpayer first reports to the new job.
Be sure to contact the Hilldrup Client Services Team if you would like to receive a copy of the Mobility Magazine article or if more information is needed regarding your relocation related tax-deductible expenses.


This is seriously cool: the Parish Players of Thetford Vermont are embarking on their 4th episode of their theater series Eclipse Grange Shorts. The theme this time around is adaptations of Science Fiction stories!
The shorts will be held on September 5th and 6th at 7:30 pm, Septembed 7th at 3:00pm, and September 12th and 13th at 7:30pm. The play will be held at the Eclipse Grange Theater in Thetford. Tickets go for $15 for adults, $12 for seniors and $10 for students. Reservations can be made at 802-785-4344.
What makes this cool is some of the authors involved: Asimov and Bradbury are largely household names, but it's really exciting to see stories from early SF pioneers such as Leslie Stone, who doesn't get a lot of press. It's also really cool to see Frederic Brown and Eileen Gunn make the list. This looks like something that we'll be heading out to see!
Science Fiction author is coming to the Northshire Bookstore's Saratoga NY branch later this fall on his tour to promote his upcoming novel, Lock In. He'll be swinging through on Wednesday, September 17th at 7:00 PM. He'll be signing copies and will likely do a bit of reading. It's a bit of a drive for Vermont fans, but it should be worth it.
I'm reading Lock In right now, and I'm enjoying it quite a bit. We'll provide more information as we get it. In the meantime, read the first five chapters of Lock In here. There's an accompanying novella, Unlocked, which is worth reading as well.
It's always interesting to come across new names when it comes to Vermont and Science Fiction. Case in point, M.L. Humphrey. He's published two books this year through Virgo eBooks: The Orphan from Space and A Whisker in Time.
I am a Vermont native, husband, father, grandfather, Navy veteran, retired IBM engineer, retired printer repairman; a graduate of Goddard Jr. College, Vermont Technical College, and Trinity College. Over the years I've written technical articles, taught technical classes, and presented at technical conventions. I started reading science fiction in high school, and bought my first books through the TAB (Teen Age Book) club; they were "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" by Jules Verne, and "The Stars Are Ours" by Andre Norton. I've been reading science fiction for over 50 years now and have accumulated many great stories; along with a considerable amount of junk ones as well. I'd say by now that I probably have a good idea of what I consider a good story. I hope you enjoy them as well.
Visit his author page here and you can 'like' him on Facebook.
I just got the cover for this the other day: my short story, 'Fragmented' will be appearing in the May 2014 issue of Galaxy's Edge Magazine, alongside such authors as Kristine Katheryn Rusch, David Brin, Nancy Kress and Robert Silverberg, among others.
I wrote the story a couple of years ago, and last fall, gave it a real work-over before the inaugural VT SF Writer's Series event with the Renegade Writer's Collective. Stay tuned for details on the issue's release, or subscribe here.
Looking to build up your library, or do you need a good book to read? I've got Craigslist bookmarked on my phone, particularly the Books section for Vermont. It's usually a pretty slow section, but every now and then, some interesting SF finds will come up, like this weekend.
Set of 11 hardback fantasy books. Includes The Lord of the Rings trilogy, The Sword of Shannara trilogy, The Dark Elf trilogy, The Icewind Dale trilogy, and many more. All in excellent condition, no bent spines or torn pages. From a non smoking home.
Orson Scott Card set. Complete Homecoming series, most of The Tales of Alvin Maker and 7 standalone books. All in great condition, most bindings unbent.
Come check out our great selection of used Sci Fi Books. $1 each. Hundreds of titles available.
Great condition. Hard to find.


You may think of them as ascenders or rope grabs, but for arborists, these are mechanical adjusters. They are used to quickly and easily adjust the length of your flipline while climbing. They have a few advantages over prusik loops or simple knot tying. They are durable and difficult to cut or damage compared to rope. Additionally, you can use them with just one hand, leaving your other hand free. They fasten securely to your flipline using a bolt and nut as opposed to a locking pin, a style more common with climbing ascenders.
These "rope grabs" are also used as ascenders for rope climbing. If you're looking for more ascender options, then be sure to check out our Ascenders on their own page. You can also find Rope & Cable Grabs for use with Vertical Lifelines in our separate Fall Protection section.
USR Arborist Rope Grab - 7/16" - 5/8"
Gibbs Arborist Rope Grab - 7/16" - 1/2"
Gibbs Arborist Rope Grab - 5/8" - 3/4"
Gibbs Klimair Arborist Rope Grab - 1/2"


text:
Home » African Airlines
Browsing: African Airlines
African airlines to make $213 million loss in 2023 – IATA
Industry and Trade December 7, 2022
African carriers will post a loss of $638 million in 2022 and narrow it to $213 million in 2023, the…
Airlines to make big losses in 2021- IATA
Countries May 26, 2021
Airlines are expected to make big losses in 2020 with the challenges being experienced in containing new coronavirus variants and…
How African Aviation can survive covid-19-IATA
Business April 30, 2021
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) highlighted three main priorities that governments in Africa can work on to ensure the…
Lessons from Ethiopian Airlines success despite pandemic
Aviation August 31, 2020
Airlines in East Africa need to learn a thing or two from Ethiopian Airlines to be able to clinch opportunities even in uncertain times.
Air passengers travel confidence key to salvaging African airlines
Industry and Trade June 6, 2020
Availability of liquidity is the main issue to be addressed for airlines to survive and restart their operations
What the Pandemic means for African Aviation Industry
The African aviation is at a standstill according to a report by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). According to…
How African Airlines are affected by Coronavirus pandemic
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has brought the skies down, even the aviation industry is not safe from the virus…
Coronavirus could cost African airlines $40 million
Business March 6, 2020
The deadly coronavirus (COVID-19) which has now spread over 60, with 93,000 cases and more than 3,000 deaths in China,…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Input returns empty query in error I have a movies website that I want to allow people to search by genre
movies.com/people/action/genre
The Route
Route::get('people/{genre}/genre', array('uses' => 'ActorController@genre', 'as' => 'people.genre'));

The ActorController@genre
public function genre()
{

    $genre=Input::get('genre');
        $actors = $this->actor->allgenre($genre);
            return View::make('Actor.All')->withActors($actors);

}

This grabs all the actors from the db
function allGenre($genre)
{

        return $this->actor->where('genre', 'like', '$genre')->orderBy('views', 'desc')->paginate(24);

}

This is returning no results, when it should be returning results because if I go
function allGenre($genre)
{

        return $this->actor->where('genre', 'like', 'action')->orderBy('views', 'desc')->paginate(24);

}

Results show up

A: When you use that routing, the $genre variable would be bound the the controller:
public function genre($genre)
{
  $actors = $this->actor->allgenre($genre);
  return View::make('Actor.All')->withActors($actors);
}

While in your previous question you used query strings, so you needed Input::get('key'), now you changed the url, and you don't use resource controllers anymore, so you must go back to the "usual" way

A: I got it to work
function allGenre($genre)
{

    return $this->actor->where('genre', 'like', $genre)->orderBy('views', 'desc')->paginate(24);

}

Apparently Laravel doesn't accept '$genre' with the ' around the variable

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Letter Signed, as Directeur of the Observatoire Meteorologique du Mont-Blanc, sending the second volume of the Annales of the observatory. In French. 1 page 10½ x 8 inches, in good condition, a few minor blemishes. Mont-Blanc Observatory, Paris, undated. Joseph Vallot (1854-1925), mountaineer, astronomer, naturalist and philanthropist.


text:
h ist o ry l es s o n
Students play tug of war on Lake Andrews in 1957, a year before the college excavated and landscaped the area to create a formal retention pond.
rink behind Parker Hall" for football rallies and other gatherings. Then, in the late 1950s, Lake Andrews got a brand-new look when Bates embarked on a building program around Lake Andrews, including the creation of Page Hall. Because the addition of new buildings, plus their roofs and parking lots, creates more stormwater runoff, the college likely chose to excavate and landscape the area, turning Lake Andrews into a retention pond by fall 1958. An urban pond like Lake Andrews has challenges that its country cousins don't. For one, its runoff is mostly "unfiltered by forests, land, and soil," explains aquatic biologist and limnologist Scott Williams '71. That runoff tends to be overloaded with nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. That can lead to eutrophication: algae blooms, decreased oxygen, and the demise of animal life. Through the 1990s, Lake Andrews fought eutrophication, and algae blooms gave the pond a dodgy reputation. Even in Williams' era, "no one would stick their pinky in it," he recalls. By the mid-1990s, it was a "sick little body of water." That changed 20 years ago, when Jack Keigwin '57 and his wife, Beverly, gave $1 million to support a major restoration project, for which Williams served as consultant. As Littlefield had in 1857, Jack Keigwin saw what could be. "The Lake Andrews area has a significant potential as a place of respite and rejuvenation," he said.
MUSKIE ARCHIVES AND SPECIAL COLLECTIONS LIBRARY
The next winter, hockey got college support from Director of Athletics Royce Purinton, Class of 1900. Also lending a hand was a young and energetic superintendent of grounds and buildings, Delbert Andrews, Class of 1910. The Student praised him for helping "in any plan that the fellows really want in order to have some real sport." On March 2, 1916, the homemade Bates rink hosted a "friendly" hockey game between Bates and a Brunswick town team that mostly comprised Bowdoin students. The game may have been historic: The Student said it marked "the first intercollegiate hockey game in Maine for more than six years." Bowdoin won, 2–0. The game was slow-paced, and it's unclear if the rink had boards: The Student reported that "the puck kept sliding into the snow at the edge of the rink." By then, students had dubbed the flooded area "Lake Andrews" in the superintendent's honor. In President Chase's annual report, Andrews said that skating provided recreational opportunities "most welcome both to students and citizens." (A leader of the hockey team in that era, Joseph Pedbereznak, Class of 1918, would later change his surname to Underhill — and bequeath funds so Bates could construct Underhill Arena.) The Andrews name stuck, and some sort of rink endured for a number of years, located perhaps where today's Lane Hall is. Archival film from the late 1920s shows hockey being played on a rink, with boards. Through most of the 1950s, the Student would direct students to "the skating
Bates Magazine, Fall 2018
The issue's cover story looks at Bates alumni and their cool Antarctic doings. The photo, by Billy Collins '14, shows an equipment operator...
batescollege


text:
Women's volleyball finishes second at Springfield Invitational
Hannah Vickers
Section: Sports
DEFENDING THE COURT: Captain Abby Blasco '11 going for a dig in the game against Wellesley this week.
PHOTO BY Phil Small/The Hoot
The Brandeis women's volleyball team has started off the season with a bang, moving up to a 5-1 record including a 3-1 record at the Springfield College Invitational over the weekend which earned them a second place finish.
Outside hitter Paige and setter Abby Blasco '11 were named to the All Tournament team for their outstanding play. In addition they defeated Wellesley on the road Tuesday 3-1.
The Judges defeated Roger Williams University Hawks in the opening game of the tournament Friday night in four sets. Brandeis won the first set 25-18, dropped the second 14-25, and came back to win the next two 25-13 and 26-24.
Both Paige Blasco and inside hitter Piera Carfagno '10 recorded a double-double during the game to help the Judges come out on top. Rookie libero Anna Homitsky '13 topped the defense with 13 digs, followed by Paige who had 12 digs as well as a match-high 17 kills. Carfagno, a co-captain on the squad, had 11 kills and 10 digs.
Their match the following morning against Lasell College seemed easy in comparison to the previous night.
The Judges took down Lasell in straight sets, 25-11, 25-10, 25-10.
Abby Blasco, who shares co-captain duties with Carfagno, had a double-double with 28 assists and 11 digs while sister Paige had 5 digs and 8 kills. Like the previous night, a rookie was one of the top players. Middle blocker Becca Fischer '13 put up 11 kills and four blocks.
Paige Blasco had her second double-double of the season and tournament later Saturday with 15 kills and 12 digs in their win over Westfield State.
As with their game earlier in the day, this win came in straight sets, 25-10, 25-23, 25-14. The Judges, undefeated in the tournament, went on to fall in the final game against host Springfield.
ATTACKING THE BALL: Nicole Smith '11 spikes a shot against Wellesley on Tuesday.
Springfield won the first set 25-22, but Brandeis fought back to take a 2-1 lead by winning the next two sets 25-20, 25-17. Despite their best efforts, the Judges were not able to hold on and dropped the final two sets 25-23, 15-10.
Abby Blasco, like her sister earlier in the day, recorded her second double-double of the tournament with 40 assists and 15 digs. Paige paced the Judges with 19 kills, but was the only Brandeis player to make double-digits for kills. With the win, Springfield took home the Invitational crown.
After a long but successful weekend, the Judges faced the Wellesley College Blue on Tuesday.
The same strong play that helped them secure second place at the Invitational also got them the win against Wellesley. The Judges defeated the Blue 3-1, winning the first two sets 25-22 and 25-21, dropping the third 20-25, and picking up the fourth set in an easy 25-13 win. This was the first time Brandeis beat Wellesley in volleyball since 2006.
Twins Abby and Paige helped lead the Judges past their local rivals.
Abby recorded a double-double with 33 assists and 11 digs while Paige had a match-high 18 kills.
Carfagno had a team-high 17 digs and 11 kills. Brandeis fought hard for the first set win and were able to get the last three points when Wellesley committed a service error. Bridget McAllister '10 served four straight points in the second set to help the Judges pull out to an early lead of two sets to none.
Although the Blue were able to pull off a win in the third set to hold off the shut out, they couldn't keep the momentum going into the fourth set. While the set was tied at one point 9-9, the Judges got their act back together and dominated from that point forward, winning on a 16-4 run.
The Judges have the Brandeis Invitational this weekend, their home opening tournament. They will face Rhode Island College today at 4 p.m. and Williams College at 8 p.m.. The match-ups for Saturday will be determined by play on Friday.


Social connections help achieve a positive mood and ward off depression.
Social activities promote mental acuity and help prevent the onset of dementia.
Social Hour is a social event that occurs each day in SRI Independent Living and Assisted Living communities. It's a time to get together, share life experiences, look for commonalities—it's a time for bonding. Living here doesn't mean giving up a pastime many adults enjoy.


What's the company culture at Weinbrenner Shoe Company?
How to get a job at Weinbrenner Shoe Company.
Do you work at Weinbrenner Shoe Company? How did you find the job? How did you get that first interview? Any advice for someone trying to get in?
Weinbrenner Shoe Company Salaries, Bonuses and Benefits.
Weinbrenner Shoe Company News and Happenings.
Weinbrenner Shoe Company Interview Questions.
View more Weinbrenner Shoe Company jobs.


The stunning pics below, is part of All Mitsubishi Pajero 2018 Price publishing which is assigned within Wallpaper, all new mitsubishi pajero 2018, new model mitsubishi pajero 2018, and posted at September 4th, 2018 10:22:44 AM by carspecs.
Here is needful advice on all new mitsubishi pajero 2018. We have the excellent substance for all new mitsubishi pajero 2018. Check it out for yourself! You can find Best All Mitsubishi Pajero 2018 Specs And Review guide and look the latest All Mitsubishi Pajero 2018 Price in here.


Get customized quotations and estimates from the best budget and luxury interior designers in Bangalore to design and decorate your apartments, flats, villas, independent home or office in your budget. Compare rates and profile of leading interior decorators and save up to 30% on overall residential or commercial interior designing costs for free now.
Whether you have purchased a new apartment or constructing your own villa, role of qualified interior designers and architect can't be underestimated. Interior designers can actually design, decorate and transform your space to make it look good, both functionally and aesthetically.
Whether you are planning to design and decorate your apartment, flat, independent home, office or villa, the interior designers can actually add value. And if you are not sure about where to look for premium and budget interior designers in Bangalore, then we can help you.
Whether you are looking for budget interior designers, or need a professional interior designer who can design luxury flats and apartment in your budget, you can use servicesutra to get free consultation and advise from leading interior designers and decorators in Bangalore who are ready and available to help.
We have prescreened and on boarded some of the best interior designing companies in Bangalore who offer turnkey interior designing and decoration services for apartments and offices to both budget conscious and premium customers. As you know, designing and furnishing a dream home or office is a cost sensitive decision and hence, we help you connect with up to three different interior designers and decorators in Bangalore who are happy to offer free site visit to understand and evaluate the construction layout and offer best possible interior designing solution according to your functional needs and budget.
We have on boarded both premium interior decorators and budget interior designers in Bangalore. And they offer interior designing and decoration services for both residential and commercial properties. Some of them are famous and expensive and others are budget interior service providers. Famous interior designers in Bangalore would only work on high end interior designing projects like bigger villas and commercial spaces where budget is not a big issue; however the budget interior designing companies offer best quality services and are suitable for mostly residential apartments, flats and small offices. And mind you, budget does not mean cheap interior work; rather it means they are open to get it done as per your budget.
What are the rates and charges of Interior designing in Bangalore?
Rates and charges of interior designing services usually vary, based on the experience and quality of the agency, and also other factors like usage of branded raw materials like plywood, electrical fittings, paint and similar elements. And that is where the confusion and complications begin. There are over a hundred interior designing companies in Bangalore and it is impossible for you to knock door to door in order to hire the best interior designing company.
But irrespective of whether you are looking for a famous interior designer in Bangalore to design and furnish a high end apartment, or whether you are looking for reasonably priced and best interior decorator to furnish a standard 2 or 3 BHK flat with a moderate budget, you can use ServiceSutra to get free estimates from both premium and budget interior designers in Bangalore. It will be much easier for you to decide when you have quotations and estimates to compare from different agencies. Not only, it helps you choose the best interior contractor, but it eliminates any guess work and saves your time and money.
Just tell us briefly about your interior designing requirements and we will connect you to the best interior designers who are available to work as per your budget. They will contact you within minutes to discuss and understand your needs and submit their quotations. You can evaluate their offers and choose a service provider according to your need and convenience.
Having served over 100000 users, we have a very good understanding of how it all works. We are well connected to our users and answer their queries via live chat and emails. Here are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions on hiring interior designers and decorators in Bangalore (Bengaluru).
How much does it usually cost for interior designing in Bangalore?
As we have already discussed, overall cost to furnish a flat depend on specific requirements and budget. Interior designers can help you plan your expenses in such a way that you will get most amazing space, staying within your budget limit.
How long does it take to complete decorating a standard 3 BHK flat??
Do the interior designers help in painting the house?
Most of the interior designers in Bangalore would prefer turnkey basis project assignment and it includes everything subject to your requirements e.g. overall decoration, false ceiling, cabinets, racks, modular kitchen, painting, curtains etc.
Can I use ServiceSutra to request quotes for interior designing outside of Bangalore?
ServiceSutra is primarily available in and around Bangalore in Karnataka. But we have a few interior designers on board who undertake projects outside of Bangalore like in Mysore and other cities in the vicinity.
Who will source materials for interior designing and furnishing?
Interior designers prefer turnkey basis projects and that is in fact better because they have their own preferred vendors and they can source as per the requirements. In most of the cases, it's including materials, but you, may procure on your own. Another advantage is when you run out of a particular shade of a laminate; the interior designer can search around and use their contacts to find it for you.
Can I hire interior designers only for design consultations?
Yes. Interior designers can offer design consultation and if you like the design you can contract them the work to finish off the complete project. Usually it's better to work with them because they have the experienced team who can understand the concept better than the normal carpenter guy.
As you know, there is no standard rule to have a budget, you may spend as much as you like, but 10% to 15% of overall flat value is what you should spend in decorating and furnishing the space.
The above mentioned questions are frequently asked by the users while they plan to furnish their space. But if you have any queries you can surely contact ServiceSutra by just one click. The ServiceSutra team will help you to get free quotes, and thus you will get the best deals and offers. We will be happy to help you more than ever!


High quality accessories, many spare parts and supplements for your vehicle as well as numerous FLEXMO™-items can be ordered online. Explore what we have to offer for your vehicle!
Find detailed information about our products and order them conveniently and directly from the webshop.
You already know what you want to order? Click here to directly go to the webshop.


text:
Marc Márquez satisfied as pre-season testing ends
Incredibly high winds were waiting as the Repsol Honda Team arrived at the Losail International Circuit for the final day of pre-season testing. This delayed Marc Marquez slightly as the track opened. Track temperature fell during the night, causing a spate of late crashes.
When the wind did drop, riders began to fly. Marc Marquez led the charge and set a succession of quick laps, settling on a 1'54.613 before the end of his run. A fall at Turn 6 with two hours remaining did little to dent his confidence and he soon returned to running. With 144 laps completed, Marquez's time of 1'54.613 saw him end the Qatar Test in fourth.
Marc now return to his respective home before travelling back to Qatar, ready for Free Practice 1 of the Qatar GP on Friday, March 8 and the opening race on Sunday, March 10 under the floodlights.
Marc Márquez 1:54.613: "I feel ready today, ready to start the season. Like yesterday we did a lot of laps, worked well and made some more steps. We're still not 100% but we have a good feeling. Qatar is a track where normally we struggle, but at this test we are there with everyone else. It was a bit difficult with the wind and the temperature on track tonight but we still did what we needed to."
DAZN appoints Marc Márquez as its brand ambassador in Spain
DAZN, the global live and on demand sport streaming service, has signed Marc Márquez as its brand ambassador in Spain. His skills and determination to overcome any obstacle and the endurance of the young rider makes him the obvious ambassador for DAZN, as the new home of MotoGP in Spain.
Marc Márquez's has enjoyed a glittering career, having achieved great success since virtually the first day he rode a bike, taking the sport by storm with his distinctive riding style that helped him to break records. (you can write it with your own words) . Since then, Márquez has not stopped growing and his rise to the top of the MotoGP™ world has been meteoric and unparalleled, as the youngest ever five-time MotoGP™ World Champion.
Márquez's key role as a brand ambassador for the Spanish market with DAZN will include promoting the brand in Spain as the face of the streaming service until 2021.
DAZN has the exclusive broadcast rights for every session of MotoGP™, Moto2™, Moto3™ and MotoE™, from Free Practice 1 (FP1) to the race, for three years. The ambition is to grow audiences further in one of its most successful markets by providing live and on demand streaming of every event.
DAZN is finalizing details for the imminent launch of the service in Spain, which will offer a host other exclusive premium sports events, including the English football Premier League and the basketball EuroLeague. The launch of DAZN in Spain signals the advent of a new era for sport broadcasting in Spain.
Veronica Diquattro, EVP Revenue, Southern Europe, DAZN, said: "We are delighted and honored to welcome Marc Márquez to the DAZN family. His ambition, passion and fighting spirit perfectly fit with the values of DAZN. Marc's new role as our brand ambassador further strengthens DAZN's relationship with MotoGP as its new home in Spain."
Marc Márquez added, "It's a great pleasure to be part of DAZN's family. I feel very proud to join DAZN and witness this new era for the sport in Spain.. With my contribution I wish to help to expand the DAZN platform. The sport streaming service will break down barriers for sport fans in Spain and allow people to watch their favourite sports wherever and whenever they want. I'm excited to start the new season and give my best and give spectacle to all the people who follow the races in DAZN.


text:
FM Articles
No Time to Lose When a Power Transformer Fails
Silence: The sound no manufacturing general manager wants to hear. When a power transformer that supplies a plant goes bust, everything comes to a grinding halt. At such times the only thing audible is the sound of net profit being sucked out of the air.
When disaster strikes, the only thing that counts is getting a replacement transformer as soon as humanly possible. Make that faster. To match such urgency, there are electrical contractors and transformer suppliers who specialize in emergency replacements that can bring everything back to normal in short order. The recent experience of how one East Coast manufacturer succeeded in quickly regaining full production status after a transformer failure provides lessons learned for others.
No Time to Lose
According to a story titled The Real Cost of Downtime in Manufacturing by Graham Immerman that appeared in a recent issue of MachineMetrics, the greatest unplanned expense is caused by unexpected downtime. Analyst firm Aberdeen Research found that unplanned downtime can cost a company as much as $260,000 an hour.
Acting as the heartbeat of any manufacturing plant, the failure of a power transformer represents a priority one emergency.
"When the customer called us in a panic to explain that one of his dry-type power transformers burned up and half of his facility was down, we knew we had to act fast," recalls George Whitcomb, P.E., president of IETC, an industrial commercial electrical contractor based in York, PA.
As a design-build electrical contractor, IETC provides a wide range of services and installations, including replacement of power equipment.
"In general, the biggest issue for us contractors when searching for a rush transformer replacement is reliability, dependability and promptness," continues Whitcomb. "The transformer has to arrive ASAP, fit into place with minimal issues, and has to work right the first time."
In this case, the customer needing a rush transformer was a major manufacturer of threading tools─an electric-intensive industry that draws countless kilowatts-per-hour to run its drills, presses, metal benders, and CNC machines.
"This manufacturer had two, dry-type transformers, each rated at 4160 Volts, stepped down to 480 Volts. One of them failed so half of their facility went down," recalls Whitcomb. "As a stopgap they wanted to feed the entire plant from the other unit. Of course, everything went black as they rewired the bussings to transfer the load. But since a single transformer wasn't sized for full plant demands, they had to dial back their production schedule."
Any reduction in productivity proves costly, demanding immediate action. As reported in the Thomas Industry Update Newsletter, a survey of 101 manufacturing executives in the automotive industry concluded that the cost of stopped production runs an average $22,000 per minute.
Whitcomb's company rushed over a tech to see what happened, assess the situation and take measurements. As is often the case, the plant facility manager doesn't specify the replacement, but turns to an electrical contractor for a quick, but lasting, resolution.
"We got the specs and proceeded to see if anyone had one in stock," says Whitcomb. "That would greatly reduce the turnaround time, so it came down to availability, reputation and quality."
Build Quality Ensures Reliability
Whitcomb understands that transformer construction and materials make a huge difference in terms of reliability. For instance, the way the coils are wound around the core of the transformer greatly affects its robustness. Hence, round wound transformers are superior to rectangular wound because they stay cooler, run quieter, and present less risk of short circuit failure. This enables manufacturers to offer longer warranties – as much as five years as in the case of the new dry-type transformer Whitcomb bought here.
Beyond the improved reliability factor, the increased efficiency of the round design consumes less electricity. Some round wound transformers exceed the proposed efficiency standards for Energy Star compliance, drastically lowering utility costs for a manufacturing plant.
Implementation in Record Time
Whitcomb's team knew they had specified the right transformer, but since time was of the essence, getting it in place fast was just as important.
"We coordinated a dedicated truck [from the transformer manufacturer] for this application; that paid off because we got the transformer within a few days," explains Whitcomb. "When we explained the quick turnaround to our customer, they were ecstatic because they thought they would have to sit and wait 12-16 weeks."
Still, the arrival of a plant transformer signals the beginning of the real work, where attention to details like the duplication of the high and low voltage bussbars can spell the difference between a lengthy and costly replacement process, versus a quick, cost-effective plug-and-play solution.
"The big hurdle was fitting the new transformer between a 5KV load interrupter switch on one side and the 480 V breakers on the other, so everything was fixed in place on either side," continues Whitcomb. "We knew every measurement had to be exact in order for installation to go quickly."
Whitcomb coordinated with the transformer vendor to get the dimensions right so they could make the necessary modifications to the transformer before it was shipped out.
"Without that accuracy of tolerances, we would have had to modify things in the field, and it would have taken a lot longer," adds Whitcomb. "But as a result of the effort spent up-front our rigger was able to slide the new transformer right in. It fit like a glove."
The Sweet Sound of Production
With the plant back up and running in record time, the plant owner personally visited the transformer room to see for himself the new transformer in action.
"Our on-site tech reported that the owner walked into the room as our guys were cleaning up and said, 'When are you going to turn it on?' He didn't realize that it already was operating; it was that quiet. Their other existing transformer was humming like crazy. He was so impressed that he said, 'we'll have to see about having you guys replace the other one.'"
A catastrophic transformer failure can strike any manufacturing facility at any time. But with the availability of suppliers that can drop a plug-and-play, matched replacement on the plant loading dock within days means that the only silence on the manufacturing floor will come from the quiet operation of the new transformer.
Alan Ober is Vice President of Engineering for Electric Service Company (ELSCO), a Cincinnati, Ohio-based manufacturer of transformers, and is often on scene when the transformers are installed. For more information about quality, American made transformers, contact ELSCO at 800.232.9002 or 513.271.1752; FAX: 513.271.0543; info@electricservice.com or visit www.electricservice.com.
FacilityManagement.com is a leading industry resource and an educational tool that teaches facility managers and the building team to operate, maintain and design facilities efficiently, economically, safely, securely and green. The editorial mission is to report on the topics, issues, trends and products that impact facilities management in U.S. schools, universities, hospitals and related industries.
© 2021 FM Communications. All Rights Reserved. Web Design & Development: SonoraDesignWorks.com


You are about to submit a review request for Bamboo Apps. Once AppFutura looks into your case and validates your identity through LinkedIn, a team member will contact you for a more thorough review. You will be able to explain all details about your experience in a personal interview.
Bamboo Apps is a Design & Software Studio with an enviable background in the product engineering domain. For the last 7 years, Bamboo Apps has been developing branded solutions for key players in the automotive market, mobility, enterprise security, and other industries. We help сompanies from different sectors transform business processes, staff productivity and customer engagement, all through the use of mobile.
Working across the OEM supply chains, we build state-of-the-art software including infotainment, HMI apps, and connected car services. We deliver the best user experience possible guided by design-centric philosophy, product-first thinking, and extensive tech expertise.
Our services: App concept creation, UI/UX design, Development (Back-end, Front-end), Testing & QA, Maintenance & Support.
This development company does not have reviews. If you have worked with Bamboo Apps, you can be the first to submit a review.
Connected car app, designed as an interactive game for Škoda Auto a.s., to teach kids driving basics and main traffic rules. The app is simulating every component of a vehicle in real time, resulting in realistic, dynamic behavior.
e-School is an educational application that redefines the e-learning process for schools, parents, and pupils through mobile.
AzerNews app is a powerful tool to get latest news on Azerbaijan and Caspian region. A multipurpose reader which is connected with newspaper server. All content is updated automatically.
Trend Mobile is a mobile service to browse through the most recent news and share them with people. The app is elegantly designed with enhanced visual section.


text:
es un sello editorial de novelas ligeras afiliado a la editorial japonesa Kadokawa Shoten, una subsidiaria de Kadokawa Corporation. Fue establecido en 1988 y está dirigido a un público masculino. Algunas novelas ligeras publicadas bajo este sello fueron serializadas en la revista de Kadokawa Shoten The Sneaker, que se publicó entre 1993 y 2011.

Títulos publicados

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

O

P

R

S

T

V

Y

Z

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Página oficial de Kadokawa Sneaker Bunko

Editoriales_de_Japón
Empresas_fundadas_en_1988

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Help - Search - Members - Calendar
Full Version: 2E Followers
Dumpshock Forums > Discussion > Shadowrun
tisoz
Jul 29 2021, 01:41 PM
I created a 2E Face/Jack of all Trades and took Followers (Gangs, too, but that's another issue.) Shortly into the first run, pretty much everyone else (ok, everyone else, unless the ones who were ok with it just let the others have their way) protested their PC would be overshadowed. So I redid my PC and dropped the Followers (and gang.) (Oddly, by freeing up the nuyen I took some cyber/bio that made him pretty sweet, so I'm happy.)
One thing I tried to do to help this GM and group was, after rolling the worst outcome to determine how many Followers were available, choosing the Bodyguard archetype as one of them to aid us. I figured we were doing a body guarding run, so the GM could use this NPC to keep us from doing anything obviously (to the GM) stupid, and we could ask this NPC for advice to do the job better. It was shortly after this the entire Follower/Gangs issue came up and I changed my PC around to eliminate them.
Back when 2E was the most current edition, I created a PC with Followers and the GM pretty much just killed them out of hand. By "out of hand" I mean without even rolling dice or roleplaying - just, "Oops, that one's dead." I realize this was unfair, but I guess the GM didn't want to deal with it in other ways.
I may have tried Followers one more time, but I don't think they ever really came into play.
I am wondering if Followers (and to a degree Gangs/Tribes) work out? How about some suggestions for using them without taking too much spotlight.
They cost 200K, so it's not like they shouldn't come into play. By comparison, the Faces Cultured Tailored Pheromones are 20K less @ 180K. The point being, something costing so much is usually a significant part of any character. Plus, all their gear needs to be supplied by the main PC.
Lionesque
Aug 1 2021, 07:08 PM
We never had any followers at my table, so I couldn't say whether followers can or can't work. However, in CyberPunk (Red), characters of the 'Nomad' archetype apparently have so strong ties to the clan that the clan will pretty soon come to dominate the narrative of the game, and I wonder if that's what's either going on, or feared by the other players, in your game? I.e. that they lose agency in terms of the overall narrative, and become bit players on a stage set by your followers? I know I wouldn't enjoy that in a campaign. For a one-off it might be all right, but knowing that your character is consigned to the sidelines forever isn't any fun in my book.
Aug 3 2021, 09:51 AM
I don't know about the Followers rules in SR2, but generally speaking a Shadowrunner is supposed to be a few tiers above the average ganger. So I wouldn't worry about followers overshadowing the other PCs. The gangers won't be able to infiltrate the secure corporate complex the way your team does, but they can run a diversion.
I've played and GMed in a few 4ed game with characters who had "group contacts" such as a gang or an initiation circle. They could provide some help from time to time, they opened some narrative opportunities but I don't remember them overshadowing the other PCs.
I guess it could be problematic if they were always there. It's harder to get the spotlight when one member of the team is 40 gang members, but if they're treated as secondary characters who appear from time to time to provide something, I don't see anything wrong with that.
QUOTE (Blade @ Aug 3 2021, 04:51 AM)
How Followers Work In SRII
The Player chooses 5 different archetypes (if they were all the same, they'd be a Gang ). 1D6+1 are available, they will do anything for the PC including dying for the PC. The PC provides their gear.
How Gangs/Tribes Work In SRII
2D6 are available in 1D6 x 10 minutes. Skill and Attribute ratings of 3. PC is a member or has close ties to them.
There is nothing saying the Player cannot purchase more then one gang, but if they were the same type Gang, I'd assume conflict is inevitable. Having different types of Gangs may alleviate this issue, such as purchasing a Go Gang, a Matrix Gang and/or a Wiz Gang (an idea for being part of a magical group instead of paying the 3 Karma to join a Magical Group.)
The point where my gang reduced others to bit players was when I proposed we set up an ambush involving me calling my Go Gang (based on the Rigger archetype) and I rolled a 10 for how many would be available (the best roll for this EVER.) That meant 20 LMG equipped drones and 10 Euro Westwinds with LMGs and missile launchers as well as surveillance drones could be involved in the ambush. I understood this should be overwhelming force, but we sort of got railroaded into having a Bounty put on us (how they knew we were even involved was very unclear as it happened like moments after we had even gotten involved, so I was being a bit of a dick in return by proposing we have someone rat us out (perhaps a follower or gang member so we collect the bounty for information) and we ambush the people paying the bounty, which in turn I figured were the people responsible for our client needing bodyguards to begin with. This was the Mercurial adventure so it was 'ruining' the story, but it made lots of sense to my PC who was really angry there was a bounty on us after leaving the nightclub and just starting to call contacts, literally moments after becoming involved. The party didn't even know one another, but somehow the 'bad guys' already knew who we were and had alerted our contacts of the bounty.
The only objection to the Followers being involved seemed to be who was paying them, which I explained I would as they would literally do anything for me. The other time I had followers, we left a person in their care and as we went into danger were told the person and Followers left to protect the person were dead (the no roll, no nothing time.)
Iduno
Aug 10 2021, 07:35 PM
I think it's similar to the Rigger Problem and the Pet Class Problem. They're either functionally useless, or way too good.
Kren Cooper
Aug 16 2021, 09:45 AM
I'd not come across "Followers" before in a SR framework, more normally find it in something like D&D or a more fantasy based system - but I can see how it would work. Certainly in SR3, I wouldn't consider it remiss for someone to take a gang as a level 1/2/3 contact, or something like "Everett Mafia - Sorenzo Family" or "Triad gang - Red Dragons".
I think it is something that needs to be carefully handled, as much in the expectations that are set and the impact on the game. I find it very easy to imagine the presence of a gang/followers to be a difficult thing for some GMs to handle or to account for, and for them to quickly grow and be seen as a crutch or Deus Ex Machina for the runs. Likewise, if you're playing something like a street sam, I could imagine being annoyed if someone kept trotting out their personal private army of minions all armed with SMGs and basic body armour to just steamroller the opposition and stamp all over "my" speciality.
If I was the GM, I'd want to sit down session 0 with the player in particular, and probably the whole team, and set some guidelines / expectations, and explain how I'd see them working. Things like - ok, you *have* these people, and they will come to help you, but they're living breathing characters with lives of their own, and while they are loyal, they're maybe not dedicated. So, when you call, I'm going to roll on this chart here... on a 1, they're going to turned up high as kites on whatever street drug they've managed to score, and will act accordingly. On a 2, they're drunk to a greater or lesser extent. On a 3, they're coming back from Little Tommy's funeral, and hopping mad, looking for revenge - consider your gang to be likely to act as if they had the "combat monster" or "vindictive" flaws for the next day.... etc etc. It wouldn't be all bad - on a 6 they've done some good stuff, and they all have a reroll, or +1 professional rating, or come up with some cunning plan - but I'd make it clear that they are your buddies, but under my control - and that stuff happens to them regardless of what you are doing or how inconvenient it might be to your plans. And that includes them sometimes calling you because they absolutely screwed the pooch, got themselves arrested and you need to go post bail to Lone Star to get them out of trouble. They're not a "get out of jail free" card, they can sometimes be a "let's solve this problem by phoning a friend" and at times they'll be "oh great, a side quest dumped on me by my idiot followers..."
I'd look to try and make them interesting, somewhat random, and use them as a vehicle to drive the plot and game forward - and that sometimes means not always to the characters advantage! (Note I say character - they can totally dick over the characters aims and objectives, but it should always try to add fun and interest for the player - even if it's only all the other players laughing as you double face palm as your follower does something dumb again...)
As a player, I'd try and make sure I was meeting my GM half way, with some kind of backstory for the followers, a roster of NPCs and some brief details of what they do, some sample history and background on their characteristics - all fairly loose so I don't lock things down too much, and leave room for the GM to be creative and to manipulate them to allow flexibility. But if I can provide details of a whole bunch of these NPCs, it gives so many hooks for the GM to run with. When I see Jimmy manning the machine gun that's been welded onto the back of Big Ron's pickup truck as they come sliding round the corner to rescue us from our situation, I know to be terrified and start screaming at the other characters - because I remember writing that Jimmy was the one who fell off his skateboard when he was a kid and popped an eye out, and his folks couldn't afford a cyber-replacement... all he got was a glass eye. And Jimmy has NO DEPTH PERCEPTION as a result, so that suppressive fire could go ANYWHERE!
That's the kind of thing I'd try and do anyway - to make them an interesting part of the game, but without being overwhelming to anyone. YMMV of course.
This is a "lo-fi" version of our main content. To view the full version with more information, formatting and images, please click here.
Dumpshock Forums © 2001-2012


Indian Institute of Social and Education Development Providing Various Training Courses By Combining with Bharathidasan University. We provide 6 months and 1-year diploma courses to students who passed 10th and 12th.
To know more about our diploma Varma therapy 6 months courses in Madurai, diploma in acupuncture therapy 6 months courses in Madurai, diploma in acupuncture therapy 1-year courses in Madurai, and a diploma in business communication and network marketing 6 months courses in Madurai. Please feel Free to contact us.


I have a little, about 20%, Norwegian blood in my background, according to my Ancestry.com DNA profile, so as we've been watching the Winter Olympics, I have been referring to Norwegians as "my people" when they win, which is just about all the time. My husband, in one of those I-have-money-to-burn moments, bought me a giant Norwegian flag as a kind of a joke. Now what am I supposed to do with that? We don't even have a flagpole, and if we did, I wouldn't want to have to explain to the neighbors why we would be flying a Norwegian flag. So, I did the obvious—I made a pillow.
The envelope pillow is one of my favorite ones to make, with either flanges or piping to give the edges some flair. For this one, I chose flanges, because it would extend the flag's stripes; plus, the soft, satiny flag fabric makes a flattering edge.
It's a good idea to make a paper pattern first, so you know how much fabric to leave for the flange and any seam allowances. I cut a large square of freezer paper the size of the front of the pillow, so that I could make sure the cross pattern was located where I wanted it—just a little off center as it is on the flag.
Next Next post: Fixed These!