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ON THE DARK HISTORY OF EUGENICS AND MK ULTRA
ABSTRACT: The worldwide eugenics movement of the late nineteen and early twentieth century was initiated at University College London by Sir Francis Galton, Sir Ronald Fisher, and Karl Pearson, who were also iconic researchers in the areas of Statistics and Genetics. It caused widespread maltreatment and human suffering, in particular for people thought to be inferior, or with mental health issues.
During the post-McCarthy and Kennedy eras, the barbaric CIA Mind Contro/ MK Ultra experiments at McGill and Columbia Universities and elsewhere in North America preceded a modern era of clinical psychiatric psychiatry, where toxic psych meds with debilitating side effects, brain destructive ECT, lobotomies, and other invasive brain surgeries have predominated.
Readers may also wish to refer to my blog post concerning the British psychiatrist William Sargant who worked at St. Thomas's Hospital, London.
NOTE ADDED 23rd July 2019. This blog post mainly sticky tapes passages from Wikipedia together in very amateur style However it has recently helped Scott Forster and I prepare a more scholarly article for submission to the Commission of Inquiry into the History of Eugenics at UCL, and we are hoping that this will create major impact. Please click on UCL SUBMISSION
1. EUGENICS
VIDEO (Jan Atwill)
Eugenics (/juːˈdʒɛnɪks/; from Greek εὐγενής eugenes "well-born" from εὖ eu, "good, well" and γένος genos, "race, stock, kin")[2][3] is a set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population.[4][5] It is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher rates of sexual reproduction for people with desired traits (positive eugenics), or reduced rates of sexual reproduction and sterilization of people with less-desired or undesired traits (negative eugenics), or both.[6] Alternatively, gene selection rather than "people selection" has recently been made possible through advancements in gene editing (e.g. CRISPR).[7] The exact definition of eugenics has been a matter of debate since the term was coined. The definition of it as a "social philosophy"—that is, a philosophy with implications for social order—is not meant to be definitive, and is taken from Frederick Osborn's journal article "Development of a Eugenic Philosophy".[8]
While eugenic principles have been practised as far back in world history as Ancient Greece, the modern history of eugenics began in the early 20th century when a popular eugenics movement emerged in Britain[9] and spread to many countries, including the United States and most European countries. In this period eugenic ideas were espoused across the political spectrum. Consequently, many countries adopted eugenic policies meant to improve the genetic stock of their countries. Such programs often included both "positive" measures, such as encouraging individuals deemed particularly "fit" to reproduce, and "negative" measures such as marriage prohibitions and forced sterilization of people deemed unfit for reproduction. People deemed unfit to reproduce often included people with mental or physical disabilities, people who scored in the low ranges of different IQ tests, criminals and deviants, and members of disfavored minority groups. The eugenics movement became negatively associated with Nazi Germany and the Holocaust—the murder by the German state of approximately 11 million people—when many of the defendants at the Nuremberg trials attempted to justify their human rights abuses by claiming there was little difference between the Nazi eugenics programs and the U.S. eugenics programs.[10] In the decades following World War II, with the institution of human rights, many countries gradually abandoned eugenics policies, although some Western countries, among them Sweden and the US, continued to carry out forced sterilizations for several decades.
A major critique of eugenics policies is that regardless of whether "negative" or "positive" policies are used, they are vulnerable to abuse because the criteria of selection are determined by whichever group is in political power. Furthermore, negative eugenics in particular is considered by many to be a violation of basic human rights, which include the right to reproduction.
2.. THE EUGENICS MOVEMENT AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
SIR FRANCIS GALTON AND THE ROOTS OF EUGENICS
The celebrated geneticist and Bayesian statistician Sir Francis Galton coined the term 'eugenics' at University College London in 1883. He genuinely believed that eugenics could be used to improve the well-being of the population.
SIR RONALD FISHER, EUGENICS
SIR RONALD FISHER WIKI
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS[2] (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), known as R.A. Fisher, was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, mathematician, geneticist, and eugenicist. Fisher is known as one of the chief architects of the modern evolutionary synthesis, where he outlined Fisher's principle as well as the Fisherian runaway theory of sexual selection, as one of the three principal founders of population genetics and for his important contributions to statistics, including the analysis of variance (ANOVA),maximum likelihood, fiducial inference, and the derivation of various sampling distributions.
Fisher was Professor of Eugenics at University College London from 1933-39
Fisher thought that adjustments to population size could improve the population. In 1930, he published his magnum opus
THE GENETIC THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
which completed the fusion of Darwinian natural selection with Mendelian inheritance. James Crow said that it was 'arguably the deepest and most influential book on evolution since Darwin'. In it, Fisher analyzed sexual selection, mimicry, and sex ratios, where he made some of the first arguments using game theory. The book touches on many other topics. As was the case with his other works, The genetical theory is a dense book, not easy for most people to understand. Fisher's tendency to leave out mathematical steps that he deemed obvious (a leftover from his early training in mental mathematics) frustrates many readers.
The genetical theory is of particular interest to us because Fisher there lays out his ideas on how population size can speed up evolution. As we explain elsewhere, more individuals mean there will be more mutations, including favorable mutations, and so Fisher expected more rapid evolution in larger populations. This idea was originally suggested, in a nonmathematical way, in Darwin's Origin of Species.
Karl Pearson FRS[1] (/ˈpɪərsən/; originally named Carl; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936[2]) was an influential English mathematician and biometrician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics,[3][4] and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics, meteorology, theories of social Darwinism and eugenics.[5] A major proponent of eugenics, Pearson was also a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton.
In 1911 he founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London. A sesquicentenary conference was held in London on 23 March 2007, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of his birth.[3]
JOURNEY TO THE DARK SIDE AT THE DAWN OF EUGENICS
THE DARK SIDE OF EUGENICS (ARTICLE IN USA TODAY)
KARL PEARSON'S THE PROBLEM OF PRACTICAL EUGENICS
THE GALTON LABORATORY
EGON PEARSON
The iconic UCL statistician Florence David was Karl Pearson's research assistant when she was young, and she was Egon Pearson's colleague and then Professor of Statistics, before moving to California in 1968. It is unclear how much she was involved in the Eugenics program.
From Wiki:After Karl Pearson died in 1934, David returned to the Biometrics laboratory to work with Jerzy Neyman, submitting her four most recently published papers as her PhD thesis, and earned a doctorate in 1938.
MORE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF STATISTICS AND EUGENICS AT UCL (click here)
3. A RECENT DENOUEMENT
UCL FACES RACE
UCL Faces Race: Past, Present, & Future
First Applicant: Dr Caroline Bressey (UCL Equiano Centre, UCL Geography)
Second Applicant: Dr Nathaniel Adam Tobias Coleman (UCL Philosophy)
Additional Collaborators: Dr Debbie Challis (Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, UCL Museums & Collections)
Awarded: £4,000
111 years after it housed Francis Galton's 'Eugenics Record Office' in 50 Gower St, UCL is facing up, to the legacy of having been the first and, perhaps, the only university to have a Professor of Eugenics. We are facing up to how, in the past, research undertaken at UCL constructed unjust racial hierarchy, to how, in the present, that racial hierarchy which remains is being challenged by institutions, historical memory, and contemporary research, and to how, in the future, we must adapt, in order to become a beacon, in Britain, for researching, teaching, and studying 'race', racialisation, and racial injustice. UCL is calling for a conversation that is courageous and critical. Please join that conversation!
Our conversation will respond to the National Student Survey's finding that UCL's students who self-define as 'Black' are 9-10% less satisfied than their ('White' or 'Asian') peers (http://goo.gl/8B3MG0 and http://goo.gl/u8N7qB). Our Provost believes that 'it is very important in a highly competitive environment that we get this right' (http://goo.gl/vWR0Z8). For this reason, we shall launch our first event with a question that a student at UCL has recently raised: 'Why do we celebrate someone like Francis Galton who hated us?' (http://goo.gl/YZQCtW). Just as UCL is in two minds about a eugenicist tenant and benefactor who founded, and underwrote UCL's pioneering research into, human genetics (http://goo.gl/za1NTy), Yale, too, is in two minds about a eugenicist professor (Irving Fisher), of whom Harvard's Department of Economics once said that 'No American has contributed more to the advancement of his chosen subject' (http://goo.gl/hehlPI). For this reason, we are working with Prof John Martin, to harness the Yale UCL Collaborative, to address our student's question.
We will develop this conversation, in our second event, by giving space to discuss the ways in which unjust racial hierarchy is both sustained and challenged, in current research and teaching, and in the recent recruitment and retention of staff and students, at UCL. This discussion will touch upon the several institutional changes undertaken by UCL, since 'Why isn't my professor black?' (http://goo.gl/CB2ZVy) and the demands of the National Union of Students for 'Liberation, Equality, and Diversity in the Curriculum' (http://goo.gl/i3cIfP).
Finally, in our third event, we will present some of the initial findings of our fact-finding mission to Yale's Department of African American Studies, as those findings have developed, in response to the prior two events. This will be an opportunity, for staff and students at UCL, and for members of the communities that UCL serves, to respond to the emerging proposal for Black Studies / Critical Race Studies at UCL.
From those who attend, we will seek feedback on paper questionnaires. For those who cannot be present, there will be an opportunity to participate, by emailing race@ucl.ac.uk or by tweeting #uclfacesrace. A research assistant will be employed to monitor and analyse these contributions.
4: THE EUGENICS MOVEMENT ELSEWHERE
The scientific reputation of eugenics started to decline in the 1930s, a time when Ernst Rüdin used eugenics as a justification for the racial policies of Nazi Germany. Nevertheless, in Sweden the eugenics program continued until 1975.[25] In addition to being practised in a number of countries, eugenics was internationally organized through the International Federation of Eugenics Organizations.[26] Its scientific aspects were carried on through research bodies such as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics,[27] the Cold Spring Harbour Carnegie Institution for Experimental Evolution,[28] and the Eugenics Record Office.[29] Its political aspects involved advocating laws allowing the pursuit of eugenic objectives, such as sterilization laws.[30] Its moral aspects included rejection of the doctrine that all human beings are born equal, and redefining morality purely in terms of genetic fitness.[31] Its racist elements included pursuit of a pure "Nordic race" or "Aryan" genetic pool and the eventual elimination of "less fit" races.[32][33]
As a social movement, eugenics reached its greatest popularity in the early decades of the 20th century. At this point in time, eugenics was practiced around the world and was promoted by governments and influential individuals and institutions. Many countries enacted[34] various eugenics policies and programmes, including: genetic screening, birth control, promoting differential birth rates, marriage restrictions, segregation (both racial segregation and segregation of the mentally ill from the rest of the population),compulsory sterilization, forced abortions or forced pregnancies, and genocide. Most of these policies were later regarded as coercive or restrictive, and now few jurisdictions implement policies that are explicitly labelled as eugenic or unequivocally eugenic in substance. The methods of implementing eugenics varied by country; however, some early 20th century methods involved identifying and classifying individuals and their families, including the poor, mentally ill, blind, deaf, developmentally disabled, promiscuous women, homosexuals, and racial groups (such as the Roma and Jews in Nazi Germany) as "degenerate" or "unfit", the segregation or institutionalization of such individuals and groups, their sterilization, euthanasia, and their mass murder.[35] The practice of euthanasia was carried out on hospital patients in the Aktion T4 centers such as Hartheim Castle.
Hartheim Euthanasia Centre in 2005
A Lebensborn birth house in Nazi Germany. Created with intention of raising the birth rate of "Aryan" children from extramarital relations of "racially pure and healthy" parents.
By the end of World War II, many of the discriminatory eugenics laws were largely abandoned, having become associated with Nazi Germany.[35][36] After World War II, the practice of "imposing measures intended to prevent births within [a population] group" fell within the definition of the new international crime of genocide, set out in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.[37] The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union also proclaims "the prohibition of eugenic practices, in particular those aiming at selection of persons".[38] In spite of the decline in discriminatory eugenics laws, government practices of compulsive sterilization continued into the 21st century. During the ten years President Alberto Fujimori led Peru from 1990 to 2000, allegedly 2,000 persons were involuntarily sterilized.[39] China maintains its forcible one-child policy as well as a suite of other eugenics based legislation in order to reduce population size and manage fertility rates of different populations.[40][41][42] In 2007 the United Nations reported forcible sterilisations and hysterectomies in Uzbekistan.[43] During the years 2005–06 to 2012–13, nearly one-third of the 144 California prison inmates who were sterilized did not give lawful consent to the operation.[44]
Developments in genetic, genomic, and reproductive technologies at the end of the 20th century are raising numerous questions regarding the ethical status of eugenics, effectively creating a resurgence of interest in the subject. Some, such as UC Berkeley sociologistTroy Duster, claim that modern genetics is a back door to eugenics.[45] This view is shared by White House Assistant Director for Forensic Sciences, Tania Simoncelli, who stated in a 2003 publication by the Population and Development Program at Hampshire College that advances in pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) are moving society to a "new era of eugenics", and that, unlike the Nazi eugenics, modern eugenics is consumer driven and market based, "where children are increasingly regarded as made-to-order consumer products".[46] In a 2006 newspaper article, Richard Dawkins said that discussion regarding eugenics was inhibited by the shadow of Nazi misuse, to the extent that some scientists would not admit that breeding humans for certain abilities is at all possible. He believes that it is not physically different from breeding domestic animals for traits such as speed or herding skill. Dawkins felt that enough time had elapsed to at least ask just what the ethical differences were between breeding for ability versus training athletes or forcing children to take music lessons, though he could think of persuasive reasons to draw the distinction.[47]
Some, such as Nathaniel C. Comfort from Johns Hopkins University, claim that the change from state-led reproductive-genetic decision-making to individual choice has moderated the worst abuses of eugenics by transferring the decision-making from the state to the patient and their family.[48] Comfort suggests that "[t]he eugenic impulse drives us to eliminate disease, live longer and healthier, with greater intelligence, and a better adjustment to the conditions of society; and the health benefits, the intellectual thrill and the profits of genetic bio-medicine are too great for us to do otherwise."[49] Others, such as bioethicist Stephen Wilkinson of Keele University and Honorary Research Fellow Eve Garrard at the University of Manchester, claim that some aspects of modern genetics can be classified as eugenics, but that this classification does not inherently make modern genetics immoral. In a co-authored publication by Keele University, they stated that "[e]ugenics doesn't seem always to be immoral, and so the fact that PGD, and other forms of selective reproduction, might sometimes technically be eugenic, isn't sufficient to show that they're wrong."[50]
In particular, Charles Edward von Coburg, the youngest grandson of Queen Victoria, was responsible for orchestrating the maltreatment of mentally disabled people in Nazi Germany
5. THE EUGENICS MOVEMENT IN THE DEEP SOUTH
BOOK BY EDWARD J. LARSON
In the first book to explore the theory and practice of eugenics in the American South, Edward J. Larson shows how the quest for "strong bloodlines"expressed itself in state laws and public policies from the Progressive Era through World War II. Larson shows how the seemingly broad-based eugenics movement was in fact a series of distinct campaigns by small groups of determined individuals for legislation at the state level.
Review: Sex, Race and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South, Edward J Larson, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, £13.00, pp 251.
In 1901, a southern physician, John E Purdon, suggested castrating rapists to deter "assaults on women and children by the animalised negroes". He evidently considered this an enlightened alternative to lynching. There is something rather peculiar about the South's thought processes, then, not just its institutions. Not surprisingly, Southerners had a quite distinct approach to eugenics, too, as Edward J Larson demonstrates in Sex, Race, and Science.
Society "…must end these animalistic blood-lines, or they will end society", declared J S Ullman, in his 1915 Presidential address to the Mississippi State Medical Association. Crime and immorality were considered by eugenicists to be closely linked with mental retardation, as testified by the fact that many of those in prison, receiving welfare, or involved in prostitution were people of low IQ.
Henry Herbert Goddard, the Research Director of the Vineland Training School for Feeble Minded Children, New Jersey, introduced the Binet-Simon tests from France, in 1908. Researchers were soon reporting a tidal wave of mental retardation. H H Laughlin, Davenport's assistant at the Eugenics Record Office, estimated in 1914 that 15,000,000 Americans (the "lowest one tenth") needed to be sterilised, while Goddard suggested in 1913 that housing the 15,000 feeble minded children in New York City alone would require 30 large institutions. At this date there were 4! The huge potential cost of segregating those deemed defective eventually led American eugenicists to favour sterilisation to cut off the future supply. New marriage restrictions were thought to be of limited utility here because of the (alleged) lack of moral inhibition of the mentally deficient. Nor was birth control regarded as an alternative to segregation because the "wholly and irremediably unfit" would be unable to regulate their own reproduction.
Interestingly, no state institutions for segregating mentally inferior Negroes were ever built in the deep South during the golden age of American eugenics, roughly 1895 to 1945. Only the "white trash" (or "human rubbish", to quote W L Funkhouser, writing in the Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 1937), were targeted for segregation and sterilisation, Larson notes. Although the Southern blacks were generally considered nearer to animality than the whites, most Southern eugenicists did not believe there was any need to improve the inborn qualities of the former, maintaining that they could contribute nothing to the progress of civilisation.
Larson shows how the eugenic discourse neatly dovetailed into public health campaigns to eliminate contagious diseases in the Southern states in the 1920s. Parallels were made between the need to isolate the victims of smallpox and the necessity of segregating the mentally retarded. Attempts to reduce infant mortality and to prevent the birth of mental defectives seemed of a kind. Compulsory reporting and quarantine laws passed in the 1920s in order to eradicate TB provided a useful precedent for eugenicists. So did the statutes to counteract syphilis which 32 US states had passed by 1918, and which mandated medical examination for prostitutes, inmates of prisons and vagrants.
Larson gives us a precise profile of the southern eugenicist. The deep South was a relatively backward region of the US, with a dearth of scientists and other academics, so that mental health officials, faute de mieux, initiated the campaigns for eugenic legislation with the support of private physicians. Eugenics was attractive to these middle class professionals because it justified an enhancement of their social role and power. The paucity of Southern universities also helps explain why sterilisation was generally adopted later in the South than in the North and West, despite the existence of longstanding laws to prevent miscegenation.
The South's variegated response to eugenics tells us much about the social and ideological forces which supported or opposed the application of science to social problems. A predominantly agrarian way of life encouraged strong family ties and the notion of extended kinship. There was opposition in the South to any interference with parental rights, as evidenced by resistance to compulsory school attendance. Eugenicists, with their demands that mentally defective children be segregated in state homes, were also challenging these sacrosanct Southern notions of family and parental rights. Worse still, they sought to regulate marriage. But indicatively, no Southern state ever imposed eugenic marriage restrictions, unlike most Northern and Western states. The debates preceding the passage of the federal Immigration Act of 1924 also show that most Southern congressmen who supported it did so on nativist not on eugenic grounds. They opposed all immigration, including that of reputedly superior stocks from Holland or Sweden.
Eugenics in the deep South represented a challenge to traditional beliefs. The South was a bastion of evangelical Protestantism. Religion was more significant in the lives of people in this region. Larson suggests that the evangelical Protestant doctrine of "salvation and sanctification for all, solely by divine grace" was hard to reconcile with eugenic notions of "fixed, inherited degeneracy and superiority". Christianity, according to his interpretation of it, values all life regardless of any apparent defects as to quality, and was therefore the major obstacle to the spread of eugenics in the South. It could be argued, against this view, that the Calvinist notion of an elect is, in fact, analogous to eugenic doctrine. Steve Jones, for one, characterises John Calvin as "the ultimate genetic determinist" (see his In The Blood). Some churches supported the failed 1945 Alabama Sterilisation Statute, for example, as Larson has to acknowledge.
Feminism and eugenics were mutually reinforcing historical movements. Throughout the South, well educated, upper class women (suffragettes, it goes without saying) played a leading role in the setting up of sexually segregated institutions for the mentally impaired. For the members of the influential women's clubs, negative eugenics was a natural extension of childcare. Campaigners for milk stations and well baby clinics in the South argued that without compulsory sterilisation, efforts to reduce infant mortality would enable the unfit to survive.
Whereas traditional Southerners were suspicious of eugenics, "Progressive" politicians and journalists regarded it as part and parcel of any sensible reform package, no less than compulsory school attendance, limits on child labour, the prohibition of alcohol, the enactment of women's suffrage and the improvement of prisons, schools and asylums. There seemed to be a strong humanitarian case for institutionalising mentally backward girls, a potentially exploitable group. Most Progressives were urban middle class professionals who believed in applying scientific expertise to problems of human behaviour. Progressivism in general and eugenics in particular, however, had less impact in the South than in the rest of the US because of the relatively small size of the regions' urban middle class. Whereas Indiana enacted the first compulsory sterilisation statute, in 1907, followed by California, in 1909, similar statutes were not enacted in the South until the 1920s. The belated advent of eugenics was part of the gradual assimilation of this region to the urbanised, industrial order, involving what Weber aptly called the "disenchantment of the world".
Larson praises the "notable achievements" of the American eugenics movement. This judgement seems rather generous. No Southern state had the resources to accommodate the entire mentally defective population. All the institutions set up for this purpose were overcrowded and under funded, with long waiting lists. Only a fraction of the target population was in practice segregated. The total number of those sterilised, likewise, only scratched the surface of the perceived problem of retardation. In short, the program of the eugenics movement in the South was impractical, even utopian and a failure by its own lights. And from the 1930s onwards, geneticists in the US and elsewhere cast increasing doubt on the "scientific" rationale for compulsory segregation and sterilisation i.e. the notion that "inferior" parents necessarily produce "inferior" progeny and that there are single genes determining feeblemindedness.
Although Larson considers that compulsory eugenic legislation was completely inconsistent with the American ideals of personal freedom and equality, he thankfully abstains from too much "bootless moralising", (to quote one reviewer, J C Fletcher), although the phrase "rabid eugenicist" is unfortunate. Sex, Race, and Science, despite its lurid title, is generally a coolheaded piece of scholarship. The publication of this invaluable work and of other regional studies of eugenics, notablyEugenics And The Welfare State: Sterilisation Policy In Denmark, Sweden, Norway, And Finland (1996, edited by G Broberg and N Roll-Hansen) indicates that this branch of the history of science is at last receiving the dispassionate attention it requires.
EUGENICS IN THE UNITED STATES
THE HISTORY OF EUGENICS AT MCGILL
6. MK ULTRA
Project MKUltra — sometimes referred to as the CIA's mind control program — was the code name given to an illegal program of experiments on human subjects, designed and undertaken by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Experiments on humans were intended to identify and develop drugs and procedures to be used in interrogations and torture, in order to weaken the individual to force confessions through mind control. Organized through the Scientific Intelligence Division of the CIA, the project coordinated with the Special Operations Division of the U.S. Army's Chemical Corps.[1] The program began in the early 1950s, was officially sanctioned in 1953, was reduced in scope in 1964, further curtailed in 1967 and officially halted in 1973.[2] The program engaged in many illegal activities;[3][4][5] in particular it used unwitting U.S. and Canadian citizens as its test subjects, which led to controversy regarding its legitimacy.[3](p74)[6][7][8] MKUltra used numerous methodologies to manipulate people's mental states and alter brain functions, including the surreptitious administration of drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, hypnosis, sensory deprivation, isolation, verbal and sexual abuse, as well as various forms of torture.[9]
The scope of Project MKUltra was broad, with research undertaken at 80 institutions, including 44 colleges and universities, (MOST NOTABLY MCGILL AND COLUMBIA) as well as hospitals, prisons and pharmaceutical companies.[10] The CIA operated through these institutions using front organizations, although sometimes top officials at these institutions were aware of the CIA's involvement.[11] As the US Supreme Court later noted, MKULTRA was:
The highly eminent Scottish psychiatrist. Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, who trained in Glasgow, was particularly active in Montreal during the Kennedy era, where his horrifying mind experiments were financed and orchestrated by the C.I.A.
President John F.Kennedy was at odds with the C.I.A. and its erstwhile director Allan Dulles regarding their dirty tricks which 'stirred the shit' and created war in countries supposedly at peace with the United States. He must surely have known about the MK Ultra dirty tricks and would presumably have also strenuously objected to them.
The MK Ultra experiments helped Big Pharma to encourage the rapid development of a different form of world wide psychiatry, where toxic psych meds, ECT, lobotomies, and other sorts of brain surgeries are used to mind control vast swathes of our populations, and to stifle much of our creativity and propensities for free thinking. Maybe the C.I.A.'s ultimate objective was to mind control and repress everybody, apart from a wealthy oligarchy.
Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron
Project MKUltra
During the 1950s and 1960s, Cameron became involved in what has later become known as the MKUltra mind control program, which was covertly sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)[2] and which eventually led to the publication of the KUBARK Counterintelligence Interrogation manual. He is unrelated to another CIA psychiatrist, Alan S. Cameron, who helped pioneer psychological profiling of world leaders during the 1970s and was not associated with the behavioral modification research program.[17]
Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by erasing existing memories and reprogramming the psyche. He commuted from Albany to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there. In addition to LSD, he experimented with various paralytic drugs and electroconvulsive therapy at thirty to forty times the normal power.[citation needed] His "driving" experiments consisted of putting a subject into a drug-induced coma for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple statements. These experiments were typically carried out on patients who had entered the institute for minor problems such as anxiety disorders and postpartum depression; many suffered permanent debilitation after these treatments.[18] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents.[19] His work was inspired and paralleled by the British psychiatrist William Sargant, who was also involved with the Intelligence Services and experimented extensively on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage.[20]
Naomi Klein states in her book The Shock Doctrine that Cameron's research and his contribution to MKUltra were not about mind control and brainwashing, but "to design a scientifically based system for extracting information from 'resistant sources.' In other words, torture."[21] She then cites Alfred W. McCoy: "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method."[22]
MKULTRA Subproject 68
MKULTRA Subproject 68 was one of Cameron's ongoing "attempts to establish lasting effects in a patient's behaviour" using a combination of particularly intensive electroshock, intensive repetition of prearranged verbal signals, partial sensory isolation, and repression of the driving period carried out by inducing continuous sleep for seven to ten days at the end of the treatment period. During research on sensory deprivation, Cameron used curare to immobilise his patients. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Patients were regularly treated with hallucinogenic drugs, long periods in the "sleep room", and testing in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. Here, patients were exposed to a range of RF and electromagnetic signals and monitored for changes in behaviour. It was later stated by staff members who had worked at the Institute during this time that not one patient sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement afterwards.
For more shocking stuff in Canada's history (paedophilia, torture, and medical experimentation on children), please click on DUPLESSIS ORPHANS.
Click here for MUCH MORE ABOUT MK ULTRA, AND ABOUT DR. DONALD EWEN CAMERON
TORONTO CULTURE VIDEO
From Ron Unger>>>>One thing that has fascinated many people is the weird "altered states" that can occur while waking, under the influence of hypnosis.
Many in our field have wondered about the connection between hypnosis and psychosis - R D Laing wrote a bit about that in his autobiographical book "Wisdom, Madness and Folly."
And like psychosis, hypnosis can be scary - in fact part of psychosis can involve fears of being hypnotized or mentally taken over.
And to complicate
things further, there have been real efforts to use hypnosis for nefarious ends. I would suggest that all of us become familiar with with the mind control program called "MK Ultra" which was carried out on people who did not give consent. A lead person in this effort was Paul Cameron, a former head of the American Psychiatric Association who makes that Lieberman fellow look like a saint! Paul used sometimes over a hundred unusually high voltage ECT "treatments," plus LSD and other drugs, plus hypnosis, to completely wipe out the minds of people and attempt to rebuild them according to his whims. Want to know more? Check out the free documentary, at https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=49&v=7I4yILk7UHk or check outhttp://www.thepeopleshistory.net/2014/03/mk-ultra_12.html
Of course, lots of "paranoid" people worry that MK Ultra is just the tip of an "iceberg" of mind control efforts that continues into the present, and which affects them. For us to be able to talk to them in an intelligent and respectful way, it helps for us to at least be aware of what was done back then without the knowledge of people at the time. This doesn't of course mean everyone's worst fear is true, but it does help us step away from being certain that nothing "under the table" is going on.
Back to hypnosis though - it often seems to me that "psychosis" often involves people putting themselves in altered states, but then getting lost in the whole process. Usually I think they do so in an attempt to solve some kind of preexisting psychological problem, such as being depressed.
I think there's a lot more that could be uncovered about how this works. But one way to look at it might be to study how hypnosis can be used in a constructive way to escape from depression. A friend of mine, Ryan Nagy, has recently put together an online conference on using an Ericksonian hypnosis approach to treating depression. There are presentations by a lot of noted people including Bill O'Hanlon. This conference was designed to be helpful for people without a lot of background in hypnosis. Check it out here ...... http://www.psychotherapyconferences.com/…/idevaffiliate.php…
America's Secret War - MKULTRA Mind Control
Tim Vawter The psyche field can be a tough field to go up against. We can look at close connections between the Intelligence group who has apparently been running America since 1980, which is the Bush-Cheney-Rumsfeld people, with the billion dollar corporations they have been protecting and nurturing like Eli Lilly.
A sample of those who have been on the Eli Lilly payroll includes:
* Former President George Herbert Walker Bush (one-time member of the Eli Lilly board of directors)
* Former CEO of Enron, Ken Lay (one-time member of the Eli Lilly board of directors)
* George W. Bush's former director of Management and Budget, Mitch Daniels (a former Eli Lilly vice president)
* George W. Bush's Homeland Security Advisory Council member, Sidney Taurel (current CEO of Eli Lilly)
* The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (a recipient of Eli Lilly funding)
More than one journalist has uncovered corrupt connections between the Bush Family, psychiatry, and Eli Lilly
http://psychrights.org/articles/LevineLillyandBush.htm
The Man Behind The Vaccine Mystery
http://www.cbsnews.com/.../the-man-behind-the-vaccine.../
Eli Lilly, Zyprexa, & the Bush Family, by Bruce Levine
The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA...
PSYCHRIGHTS.ORG
BILL GATES AND HIS EUGENICS FOUNDATION
SEE ALSO SMALLER ARCS OF LARGER CIRCLES by Nora Bateson
What... will happen when... the facts of heredity are... commonly known? One thing is certain: mankind will begin to interfere; perhaps not in England, but in some country more ready to break with the past and eager for 'national efficiency.' Mr. Galton has suggested a selection at the top, with State encouragement of families of superlative quality. More probably, and we suspect more effectively, selection will begin by elimination at the bottom... [While] contemporary socialism strives for the elevation of the unfit... that of the future will probably aim at their extinction. Ignorance of the remoter consequences of interference has never long postponed such experiments. When power is discovered man always turns to it. The science of heredity will soon provide power on a stupendous scale; and in some country, at some time, not, perhaps, far distant, that power will be applied to control the composition of a nation. Whether the institution of such control will ultimately be good or bad for that nation or for humanity at large is a separate question. —1905 review of Archdall Reid's The Principles of Heredity
Thomas, the link to bill Gates eugenics foundation does not work.
LORD'S PRAYER IN 8 RARE LANGUAGES
JASON AND STEPH (Poem)
THE CHRISTIAN LIE
FAMILY PETS (Poem)
LINDSAY OLIVER READS 'MCGINTY'S CAT' AT EDINBURGH ...
HIGHEST BLITZ RATING TO DATE ON CHESS.COM
MY TEN MOST POPULAR BLOG POSTS (as of 24th August ...
Baobhan Sith trailer (Eyeball Productions)
THE RUSTLING DOWN THE LINE (Poem)
FIRST QUARTET: A Quartet of Poems by James L.S. Ca...
AS TIME GOES BY (CASABLANCA)
New luxury hotel in Shadows of Calton Hill
NEW FIRST COUSIN TWICE REMOVED
TANK ON LEITH WALK (1918), AND ELEPHANTS (1890)
ANNIVERSARY OF PETERLOO MASSACRE 15th August 1819
WILLIAM SARGANT (1907-1988) Evil pioneer of modern...
STEVEN WORBEY AND KEVIN FARRELL
A LECTURE ON BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR PARAMETERS AND...
HOLIDAY IN BOWNESS-ON-WINDERMERE
THE BEST GARRY KASPAROV CHESS COMBINATIONS YOU'VE ...
ON JUDAISM, ZIONISM, AND THE EVILS OF ANTI-SEMITIC...
SHYTE SHEEP HEID REVIEW
FLETE HOUSE, DEVON, AND OLD MOTHER HUBBARD'S COTTA...
Eli Lilly, Zyprexa, and the Bush Family, by Bruce ...
MORE ON MK ULTRA (CIA MIND CONTROL EXPERIMENTS)
THE SHEEP HEID INN, DUDDINGSTON
ENGLAND WIN ASHES
EGON PEARSON F.R.S. (1895-1980) Statistician
STOP AND SMELL THE ROSES, Rose pictures and Song
JOE'S MOLE (Short Story)
CAPTAIN CHARLIE AND THE GREEN HOODS (Short Story)
A MICRO-TOUR OF A TINY CORNER OF YORKSHIRE (Short ...
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THREE FACES OF OSCAR WILDE
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Alan Turing Institute up and running
TO A LEAVING COMRADE by Scott F.
Reply to Tom Leonard's Future of the World
Fast, beautiful and easy Bayesian modelling: Can y...
CILLA BLACK (1943-2015)


With rain already having brought play to an early close on day two there was a further threat of showers on day four despite the glorious sun on Thursday. The winning runs were scored just minutes before heavy rain started to fall at Riverside.
"With bad weather forecast we had to get on with it a little bit but it was nice to hit a few in the middle and hit a couple off the edge and get away with it. With the weather in the back of your mind, if you get a couple of low scoring overs it can get on top of you so it was important that we kept up a decent rate, which we did from the start, we were ticking over nicely.
"Ian Blackwell at one stage said 'If we do this you could get a hundred here' and I just said 'no, don't worry about it – let's just get the runs and get off here before it rains'. The way things went a couple of people were out so the century just fell into my hands and went that way, which was nice", said Di Venuto.
"The first couple of days were really hot and humid and it was swinging conditions, the batting performance was just one of those things, we all know we can bat better than that. Phil Mustard was outstanding, continuing the improvement he has shown all year, he was terrific and got us up to their score.
"We knew if we got within 20 or 30 runs that we would be in with a chance of winning the game. In fact, in the end we got past them by one run so the first two days just cancelled themselves out. Thursday was a great effort by our bowlers. The conditions improved a lot for batters yesterday so for our bowlers to come and knock them out was fantastic.
"We're playing some terrific cricket, our Championship cricket in the last three games has been excellent, this time it was the batters turn to go out and win on the last day so it was good for us to do the job", Di Venuto added.


text:
By CT40 | August 18, 2022
The other side of "What He Didn't Do": Carly Pearce is "Happy Now"
Kevin Mazur/Getty Images for ACM
It's safe to say Carly Pearce has put behind her the heartbreak that she so ably chronicled on 29: Written in Stone.
If you're looking for proof, just check out the beaming Instagram photo with her boyfriend, Riley King. "Making the most of the hours we get these days," the CMA and ACM Female Vocalist of the Year added, tacking on a heart emoji.
So what do we know about Mr. King? The 28-year-old Missoula, Montana, native is a former minor league baseball player who was signed by the Kansas City Royals in 2013. He also played for the AZL Royals, Burlington Royals and the Idaho Falls Chukars. He now works in real estate, having founded his own Cowan King Group.
Of course, Carly was famously wed to fellow country artist Michael Ray in October 2019, before their unexpected divorce the next summer. Both Carly's latest album and her current hit, "What He Didn't Do," were inspired by the experience.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you get belted and see three fighters through the haze, go after the one in the middle.
As 2008 drew to a close, State Attorneys General William Galvin and Andrew Cuomo had wrestled nearly $61 billion in frozen funds from nine large banks and brokerages: Citigroup, Deutsche Bank, Fidelity, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, UBS, Credit Suisse, and Wachovia. Wells Fargo Investments on November 18, 2009, redeemed $1.3 billion in a settlement by California Attorney General Jerry Brown. Wells Fargo agreed to pay $1.9 million in fines, virtually all of which presumably will be taken out of stockholder shares.
Taken together, the various buybacks focused on retail investors, nonprofits, and other noninstitutional investors, while some large institutional sources were offered "delayed relief." That meant they'd have to wait six months to a year or more to get back their money.


Local Plumber Brisbane: Emergency Plumber Adelaide- Emergencies occur at the most unexpected time.
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Emergency Plumber Adelaide includes the installation, repair and the maintenance of different pipes, fittings, fixtures, valves, tanks and still a lot more on an instant basis. Hire a well-qualified and certified Adelaide 24 Hour Plumber that has been through proper training and who is equipped with great knowledge, advanced techniques and skills for the plumbing job.
Emergency Plumber Adelaide are well-trained to resolve all those clogged toilets, those leaking pipes, and busted pipes that have been known to destroy whole plumbing system within your home.
Emergency Plumber Adelaide- What does it cost?
You may be worried about how much it will cost you to get a plumber to your house after hours. It is worth noting that while an independent plumber may work in your favour for planned plumbing projects, he may cost you a lot more to take care of an emergency - assuming you can even get him to come over. You will probably get the best deal from Adelaide 24 hour plumbing, because such services are at the core of their business, so you won't have to worry about exorbitant prices.
Emergency Plumber Adelaide - Well equipped and stocked.
Another major advantage of working with Adelaide 24 hour plumbing is that they specialize in a wide range of services. Since they need to be available around the clock, they must be prepared to deal with every type of plumbing situation. They are also prompt, helping to fix the problem before it turns into a major disaster. These services may just save you hundreds or even thousands of dollars that you would have otherwise spent repairing damages.
Reputable Adelaide 24 hour plumbing are not only licensed, but they are also insured. You need to know that your plumber is licensed and has gone through a background check. This will give you the assurance that you won't compromise your security and that of your family by making that crucial call in the middle of the night.
Adelaide 24 hour plumbing - Schedule a preventative maintenance appointment.
The main benefit of a 24 hour emergency plumber is that you can get him whenever you need him. However, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. As such, it is always best to avoid emergencies by having a professional plumber run a few maintenance procedures in your home. Ultimately, it's always easier to schedule a preventative maintenance appointment than it is to wake up in the middle of the night to a flooded room. It is also a lot less expensive.


text:
About LPA
Procurement and Employment
Petroleum Register
Oil & Gas in Lebanon
Sector Governance
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#Date#
Multi-Client seismic data is available from Petroleum GeoServices (PGS) and Spectrum.
The PGS Lebanese Multi-Client seismic data sets include 3D seismic surveys covering 9,700 km² and 9,700 linear km of 2D seismic data. The PGS 2D Multi-Client seismic data sets include a GeoStreamer seismic program of 5,000 km.
The Spectrum Lebanese Multi-Client seismic datasets includes 3D seismic surveys covering 5,360 km² and 2D seismic surveys covering 5,172 linear km that have been recently reprocessed (both time and depth migrated products are available).
The Geco Prakla seismic dataset includes 2D seismic surveys covering 508 linear km off-Tripoli (acquired in 1993). These surveys provide vital structural insight of the basin and include a detailed grid over Lebanese acreage.
An airborne geophysical acquisition survey was undertaken in order to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity onshore. The survey covered approximately 6000 km2, of which 2000 km2 covered the coast of Lebanon and 4000km2 onshore.
2D and 3D seismic data interpretation revealed interesting four way dip closure structures, considered as candidates for exploration, and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI). In addition, stratigraphic traps towards the margin had been identified as a result of reservoir characterization.
The petroleum systems study (Basin Modeling) improved the understanding of the hydrocarbon maturity, migration pathways, trapping mechanism and types of source rocks. Furthermore, performing petroleum systems analysis (basin modeling), coupled with seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization demonstrated the prospectivity of offshore Lebanon. These studies model the presence of gas, condensates and oil.
2004: The Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospectivity Offshore Lebanon
A geological and geophysical study was performed in 2004 to determine the hydrocarbon potential offshore Lebanon.
The main scope of the study was a seismic interpretation using 2D seismic acquired data.
Geoscientific elements were identified including potential source intervals postulated from regionally defined fairways accompanied with maturity modeling indicating favorable timing of generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons, speculative petroleum systems based on source rock and play type recognition, play/trap combinations as well as the types of hydrocarbons.
Deterministic and probabilistic volumetrics were conducted on mapped prospects and analysis of the geologic risks was performed. A total of 210 prospects and leads are identified from the horizon depth maps. An unrisked mean in-place reserves potential was calculated for eighty seven prospects exceeding 25 km2 in areal extent.
2011: 2D Seismic Surveys Offshore Integrated Interpretation of Regional Lebanon, Plays and Leads Definition
The study was completed in October 2011. The objective was to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity offshore Lebanon by interpreting and integrating 2D seismic profiles acquired and processed by Spectrum (2000 and 2002) and Petroleum Geo-Services (2008) covering 4750 km and 5000 km respectively.
An important result of the study based on the aforementioned 2D seismic data is the definition of numerous plays with favorable trap-reservoir-source rock combinations in the different geological domains as well the identification of many leads
Furthermore, the study allowed for the definition of seventeen (17) plays resulting from favorable trap-reservoir-source rock combinations in the different geological domains. On fifteen (15) of them it was possible to define forty (40) leads having more than 10 km2 closures
2012: Modeling the Petroleum System
Petroleum systems modeling with testing of several scenarios was conducted in July 2012 using the acquired 2D seismic lines.
The results of the basin modeling improved the understanding of the petroleum systems offshore Lebanon and the conditions required for the generation of oil or gas and biogenic versus thermogenic gas.
The basin modeling aimed to estimate the average charge of the structures and to indicate the nature of fluids that are potentially trapped, ultimately improving the understanding of the petroleum systems potentially found offshore Lebanon.
The most prospective horizons as well as the most active petroleum systems were also identified.
2012: 3D Seismic Survey Offshore Lebanon, Southern Survey
The objective of the study was to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity offshore southern Lebanon. A major improvement achieved from this study was the possibility to delineate several typical Mesozoic rimmed carbonate platforms.
The most important improvement for future exploration concerns the imaging of the faulted and folded structures linked to a strike slip fault system along the continental margin. Several elongated anticlines with closures can be delineated which deform the stratigraphic layers. This allowed for the definition of 14 prospects and six plays of regional interest which is a positive element for exploration.
The modeling of the petroleum systems in offshore Lebanon realized in 2011 reinforces the potential resources of the prospects defined on the 3D southern survey area with good probability of gas presence. Potential direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI) and flat spots are observed.
2012: Seismic Interpretation and Characterization of 3D Survey Offshore Lebanon (Northern Survey)
In late-2012, the geology and geophysics department performed an interpretation of the 3D seismic survey acquired in 2007 totaling 660 km2.
The objective of the study was to assess the hydrocarbon prospectivity offshore northern Lebanon by interpreting and characterizing the 3D seismic northern survey. The northern survey is located on a major tectonic boundary between the Levant basin subducting to the north below the Cyprus arc and therefore the geologic framework is different to other zones offshore Lebanon.
A reservoir characterization was performed at this location that incorporates all the characteristics of the reservoir with respect to its ability to store hydrocarbons and also produce them. For the seismic reservoir characterization purpose, a pre-stack inversion was realized. The results, used for reducing interpretation uncertainties, confirm the presence of gas and improve the net-to-gross estimate of the potential reservoirs. The key result of the study, based on the 3D survey interpretation, is the definition of 25 prospects grouped into 7 structures, because the individual prospects are superimposed vertically, which increase the attractiveness of the area.
2013: 3D Seismic Interpretation and Characterization Central Offshore and North Eastern Survey
In Late-2013, a 3D seismic interpretation and characterization study was performed on 3D seismic data acquired in 2006 and 2012 covering the central and north east, combined to a total of 4290 km2. The knowledge of the regional geological framework and the interpretation of the 3D profiles allowed defining the main geological characteristics of the surveyed area and the revision of the 2D seismic interpretation.
The key result of the study based on the 3D surveys interpretation, is the definition of 36 prospects grouped into 10 structures. For the seismic reservoir characterization, a pre-stack inversion was realized in the northern part of the survey. The results confirm the presence of gas in some stratigraphic traps
The petroleum systems modeling performed previously, combined with the seismic characterization performed in the northern area, show that in addition to the probable presence of biogenic gas in the upper reservoirs, the probability of getting thermogenic hydrocarbons increases with depth. Furthermore, the presence of condensates and oil is expected in the prospects located along the basin margin.
2015: 3D Seismic Interpretation Western Offshore and South Eastern Margin Surveys
In early-2015, a 3D seismic interpretation study was performed with the objective of assessing the hydrocarbon prospectivity of western offshore and south-eastern margin of Lebanon by interpreting five 3D seismic surveys acquired by PGS and Spectrum in 2012 and 2013 totaling 8848 km2.
This study enables the surveyed area to be divided into three different prospective zones: the Lebanon western offshore (deep) Levant basin with three features that have important consequence on the definition of prospects in this domain and that have been better defined with the interpretation of the 3D; the Cyprus Arc Domain (northernmost western offshore) with the new 3D surveys covering the southern extension of structure previously identified from the 3D seismic interpretation of the northern survey and allowed for better understanding of the area; and the south eastern continental margin that had been better constrained with the 3D seismic interpretation.
The key result of the study is the definition of 45 prospects grouped into 17 structures, because the individual prospects are stacked vertically, which increases the attractiveness of the area. Eight (8) of them have an areal closure greater than 50 km2 and nineteen (19) of them have more than 25 km2 .
2015: Neos Lebanon NeoBasin Study
In mid-2015, an interpretation study was performed on the data acquired from the airborne geophysical survey that covered 6000 km2, of which 2000 km2 covered the coast of Lebanon and 4000 km2 onshore.
The data interpreted support the presence of significant potential for discovery of hydrocarbons, and identified six areas of interest onshore and three areas of interest on the margin area. Furthermore, a dual seismic/gravity and magnetic interpretation was performed along parts of the 2D lines acquired by Spectrum that intersects with the gravity survey acquired by Neos. Poor seismic coverage and imaging quality on the margin had affected previous petroleum assessment, specifically in terms of risk assessment.
The airborne geophysical and magnetic field data reduced uncertainties associated with risk assessment calculated in previous studies. The data supported the presence of significant potential for discovery of hydrocarbons in Lebanon in the Triassic. Triassic and Paleozoic thermal analysis indicated wet gas transitioning to dry gas probable with some liquids possible. It is reported that there are six onshore areas of interest covering 2461 km2 and three offshore areas of interest covering 742 km2.
The study looks at the Triassic Reservoir only, and concentrates on the study area. The goals of the static (in-place volumes) calculations and uncertainty study are to determine volumes of gas in place.
2016: Interpretation of the Relationship between Potential Reservoir Intervals and Brittle Deformation
The objective was to better determine potential reservoir intervals by understanding the growth and evolution of the normal faults (effect of mechanical stratigraphy, evolution, timing and so forth) and to determine the origin of the NNE trending anticlines, how they grew and whether the normal faults impacted their growth and evolution. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis for the Oligo-Miocene faults in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon show a strong correlation between the evolution of these faults and lithological properties of the host rock sequences.
It was shown that units with coarser sediments are affecting the geometry and distribution of the normal faults throughout the basin. By mapping the fault distribution and analyzing their displacement evolution, it was possible to map discrete units in the basin that are thought to affect their growth. These units are believed to be sand with good reservoir properties.
Multi-Client geophysical data is available from:
Spectrum - www.spectrumasa.com
PGS - www.pgs.com
Lebanese Petroleum Administration. All Rights Reserved © 2023.


text:
Gleanings & Scribblings
Going Ballistic
Meet the Mad Genius Club
Navigating from Writing to Publication
A Linguistic Trip through Time
April 2, 2020 Margaret Ball Uncategorized 28 comments
Without going into the boring details, it's been a rough month. Not that I'm complaining. After all, unlike pretty much everyone else in the country, I planned to be stuck at home for all of March. So, no gripes there. And while everyone else has been going stir-crazy, I've been going passive. Lacking the energy and concentration to do anything worthwhile, I've mostly been lying around like a damp rag, listening to audiobooks. Mostly to various German tutorials, because unlike novels, they don't have a plot which requires my attention. Well, not much of one anyway.
Wandering among different tutorials produced at different times has given me a mild case of temporal whiplash.
Try as I might to ignore the world, I have perforce been somewhat aware of the social and political changes in American culture over the last fifty years. But German culture? My mental landscape was formed between 1960 and 1975 and I had never revisited it.
Now I've been plunged into a world in which nobody ever mentions die sogenannte DDR (the so-called Deutsche Demokratische Republik) because they don't have the DDR to kick around any more. Instead they talk about the Wiedervereinigung (reunification) or, if they're in a hurry, simply die Wende (the turning point). Oh, and Leipzig isn't a bleak spot behind the Iron Curtain any more; it's a tourist attraction.
"Well, Margaret, you should have seen that coming."
Yeah, but I hadn't made the mental leap to what it would mean in conversation.
Things get weirder from there out. Sampling audio lessons made at different periods over the last 50 years means that while the speakers in one set of dialogues are looking for a tobacco shop and discussing the merits of cigars over pipes, in another lesson plan they're looking for a nonsmoking hotel with good exercise facilities and a green star for recycling. One pair of speakers is all about their favorite beers, the next is bent on explaining all their food allergies. (I haven't yet come across anybody who requires gluten-free meals, but just wait.)
In one group of lessons the formal "Sie" doesn't exist; people dutzen each other casually. Um, there's no English equivalent for dutzen, because in English we haven't used the informal second person since the last Quaker stopped addressing people as "Thee." Call it being on a first-name basis. In these dialogues nobody seems to have a last name. That might be a function of what age group the lessons are aimed at; I think that particular set was designed for millennials. In good old stodgy Pimsleur the du/Sie distinction is still alive and well.
Then there's the rash of English loanwords… and some words whose provenance escapes me. I won't bore you with a list, but most of these loanwords are replacing perfectly usable German originals. Why should an infant now be a Baby instead of a Kindlein? Even the neologisms are startling. Alma, if you're listening, can you tell me why a cell phone is a Handy and a pen a Kuli?
Oh, and did I mention the PC factor? I don't know which is more irritating, the lengthy dialogue in which the speakers agree that because of their deep concern for the environment the hotel that employs them should send everybody to a very important conference in which they can voice their dedication to recycling… or the set of lessons that self-consciously asks me to translate, "He is giving a book to his husband."
Okay, about the time travel bit: I'm not just complaining about all this. All this startlement and amazement ought to be useful for a writer, especially a science fiction writer. After this month's back-and-forth through the decades I'm longing to write a character who gets zipped fifty to a hundred years into the future, just because I now have so many ideas for the little things that will keep him bemused and, hopefully, make the reader have that sense of ground falling away underfoot. I don't know if I can use the loanwords bit, because that was done so brilliantly in A Clockwork Orange that I hesitate to even tread on the same ground. But the rest? This month has been an illuminating display of how unsettling even minor social changes can be when they're thrust upon you without warning, how difficult it can be to understand a conversation when the speakers' underlying assumptions differ from yours in ways you had never consciously considered.
So… looking ahead another half-century… what little things do you suppose would keep reminding someone from 2020 that 2070 is another world? Never mind the flying cars and Mars colonies. What fun could we have, imagining how conversational rules and assumptions may have changed? Easy at this point to look ahead a year or two and imagine that shaking hands is seen as an extremely impolite aggression and that all air travelers have to pass through quarantines… but what little things will be different fifty years out? Will the EU still exist? Will China? Will families be a thing of the past or will they be stronger than ever? Are we going to develop a perfectly neutral set of pronouns for safe conversation with strangers?
I can't predict; nobody can. But it's fun to try, and even more fun to think how we'd weave social changes into the dialogues of the future.
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Draven says:
well, if i were writing a This Way Lies Bad Things book, the EU would be collapsing in a spasm of war and we'd be fighting China to keep them out of it.
Well, Italians ARE burning EU flags.
Eric Hinkle says:
Huh, and here some rather excitable people online are telling me how /wonderful/ everything is in Italy compared to the awful disease-riddled USA. Of course these are people in the category of 'I can agree with his opinions, but Lord above is he gullible'.
Reziac says:
All the world is queer save thee and me, and even thou art a little queer.
— Robert Owen (1771-1858)
suburbanbanshee says:
Robert Owen is the same freaking weirdo who invented a Scottish version of socialism and founded Yellow Springs, Ohio. He should talk!
TheOtherSean says:
Crazy schools and a crazy town, but the trails nearby are awesome.
BobtheRegisterredFool says:
I've been having some fun running idly through a bunch of different setting ideas. One of them being distinctions between worlds demonstrated in different ideas about math, or alternate mathematical histories.
These guys never invented computers, so instead of discrete math, they've stuck to other topics.
Or a portal fantasy where the hero travels from a world where he studied a numerical technique, to a world with a hole in its aerospace engineering that would be well served by applying that technique.
You could establish that a setting has something very weird going on with its physics by cutting in an applied math lecture where they talk about the difficulties caused by a term that does not exist in our reality's lectures.
Or other ideas that we can inspire by looking at past stories that look very weird from what we now know. Someone has mentioned the Lensmen books recently, but there are others. Laumer's Bolo, with their psychotronic computers, holographic memories, and absurd precisions.
Francis W. Porretto says:
Margaret, if you haven't yet had the pleasure, I heartily recommend that you look up an old Robert Sheckley story: "Shall We Have a Little Talk?" Without doing it a lot of violence, I can tell you that it involves a grandmaster of language acquisition attempting to learn and master enough of the language on an alien planet to complete a real-estate purchase. I promise that you'll laugh your sides off at it. (If you can't find it, I'll send you a copy.)
AshleyRPollard says:
If it's the story I think you mean, then yes, totally worth reading.
Margaret Ball says:
Oh, thanks for reminding me of Robert Sheckley! Haven't read him in ages. I found an anthology containing that story and some other classics and am looking forward to reading it.
TXRed says:
I still use Sie/Ihnen when I'm around German speakers. They appreciate it, probably because 1. we're both, ah, older people, and 2. it is very respectful and proper. That plays well in shops and restaurants, so to speak. If I tried to dutzen an older stranger, the ghosts of Doktorin W and Doktor Mö would rise up and smite me! 🙂
Yup. My reflex is to use Sie towards any adult with whom I'm not already acquainted. More like 60 than 50 years on, the memory of Frau L. would dry up my throat if I started dutzening total strangers.
Early conditioning is important, isn't it? In India I had no trouble at all using the Hindi equivalent of "du" with children, servants, and the annoying young men who wanted to sell me crafts made in their (conveniently nameless) village.
Even in 1961 one heard a language record (wax!) with ,,O schau! Dort sitz ein Babi auf sein Vaters Fahrrad her."
pkudude99 says:
There's a vlogger on youtube who calls herself "German girl in America" and she actually explained the "cell phone is a handy" and "pen is a kuli" thing in a video a few days ago — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfeMGVCX-Gk
Thanks for the link!
Leigh Kimmel says:
Having a fourteen-day quarantine both going and coming on an international airline trip would have interesting effects on who travels physically, vs who substitutes one or another form of VR. Certainly it would spell the end of cheap overseas travel for the masses. It could be quite a status thing to be able to afford the fourteen days of enforced idleness and economic non-productivity on each end of a journey abroad, a new way to conspicuously consume. Alternatively, business travel abroad might be more likely for persons who need to do those things in person, but can do other significant parts of their job remotely during those periods of enforced idleness before they can return to the home office.
We may well see some major advances in VR, especially if we can overcome the network lag issues — for instance, imagine having a full-sensory-immersion VR rig on one end, and a humanoid robot on the other, for tourists to experience the joys of travel without the risks of actually going there in their one fragile biological body. Or the economic costs of a lengthy quarantine on both ends, if their work isn't something they can do on a computer Wherever.
It might well lead into some of the stuff we see in my short story "Phoenix Dreams," (which will be free on April 3 on Amazon, along with a number of other stories that have ties to the Grissom timeline, in honor of Gus Grissom's birthday).
Oh, I like the idea of it being a status marker to afford the extra days that quarantine time would tack onto a trip! That's the kind of sideways thinking that would be very effective in a story.
Watched a Hulu ad for some UK show starring the Harry Potter kid.
Two people torn apart by class — who talk alike, dress alike, went to the same college, and have no distinguishable class features. There's no distinguishable difference in the trailer in social events. Seriously, I wouldn't be able to tell that it wasn't set in America, except that the houses and pubs look older.
At this point, obviously we are talking money issues, not class issues. And I'm not sure there are money issues, either, because I don't see fancy cars in the trailer.
So what the heck is their problem??? WHAT???
Okay… it's not the Harry Potter guy. It's an Irish guy named Paul Mescal, who just looks like Harry Potter.
And it's Ireland. I just assumed it was a UK Irish group, I guess.
And his mom is the cleaning lady for her mom. (Not the maid. Just the cleaning lady. Big deal. They don't even show the mom actresses in the trailer, so obviously it's not that big a deal. And everyone dresses like crap in the trailer, so obviously they can't be all that lace-curtain la-di-dah.)
I'm still not seeing it. Especially since the story summary says the girl is not just bitchy, but unpopular and bitchy. How does she get all these boyfriends to have a triangle with?
Well, I went and checked for myself and I would posit that the cues for the class difference are too subtle for you to pick apart, but seemed obvious to me.
He comes from a working class family, and lives in a modest house.
She comes from an upper-middle class family, and lives in a house that signals "old" money.
Again the school clothes are uniforms, so no difference, but the casual clothes are driven by different choices. He's off the shelf, she's wearing labels.
Also accents, both Irish, but his has more of a brogue to it.
Dorothy Grant says:
Ah! Once again we're running into: "obvious" signalling within a society that's impenetrable to an outsider from a different society!
Because all societies develop ways to differentiate themselves and signal status.. and authors always face the challenge of how to convey that to people outside the culture, without belabouring the point so hard it seems an obvious and unnecessary infodump to viewers / readers inside the culture.
Like all the people when I was in college the first dime "bragging" about how much need-based financial aid they got, as a way to slap the faces of people who had the resources to pay full tuition and fees OR who had purely academic scholarships. It was a really strange pecking order there.
Zsuzsa says:
My no-doubt completely wrong predictions.
Will the EU still exist?
Doubt it. The problem with the EU is that very few people consider themselves "European." Even the elites, when push comes to shove, think of themselves as Germans or Greeks or Italians or Frenchmen.
This could easily be the crisis that undoes it, or it could be something else, but I wouldn't bet on their being an EU in another 50 years. (Okay, it's possible that the French and Germans will still have a little club that they call "the EU" where they go and make grand pronouncements that everyone else ignores, but I don't see any sort of "United States of Europe" going forward.)
Will China?
In some form, almost certainly. China has endured a long time. I wouldn't bet on Pooh Bear's heirs being in charge, though.
Will families be a thing of the past or will they be stronger than ever?
Stronger than ever. The family is pretty much the way that we develop the future. Those that don't believe in having families won't have much of a say in it.
Are we going to develop a perfectly neutral set of pronouns for safe conversation with strangers?
See above. The future does not belong to those who insist children must be chemically casterated at the first opportunity, sort of by definition.
overgrownhobbit says:
Some churches still Thee and Thou God, and some of their congregants might even remember why.
David Foster says:
"I'm longing to write a character who gets zipped fifty to a hundred years into the future, just because I now have so many ideas for the little things that will keep him bemused and, hopefully, make the reader have that sense of ground falling away underfoot. "
Poul Anderson wrote a story in which the protagonist, who has an incurable disease, is put in suspended animation and sent into the future. In that future his disease is cured, no problem, but he finds the society to be not just bizarre but *boring*…it is sort of a hippie…folk-dancing-crafting kind of world and it drives him literally crazy.
Not knowing how to cure this type of craziness, the people of the future put him back in suspended animation for the people of a more-distant future to deal with.
Christopher M. Chupik says:
The protagonist is bored with their own era and skips ahead in cryo to try and find an era that interests them.
I've read a story like that. Of course, what it was about was there kept on being requirements for him to wake up — mandatory voting, for instance — until finally he went on a deep space voyage in hope of finally getting there.
Found the Poul Anderson story online, here:
https://archive.org/details/AstoundingScienceFictionv44n2/page/n57/mode/2up
accordingtohoyt
davefreer
Kate Paulk
Margaret Ball
Pam Uphoff
Blake Smith
Cedar Sanderson
Some Books by Mad Geniuses!
Contact the Mad Genius Club
Email us at madgeniusclub1 – at – gmail – dot – com
(Come on, you know what to do.)
Mary on This and That and More
Old NFO on Avoiding Writing
sarathered on Echidnas
Almuric on This and That and More
BobtheRegisterredFoo… on This and That and More
Alma Boykin
Amanda S. Green
Author Earnings
Baen Books
Brad R. Torgersen
Dave Freer
Jason Cordova
Write About Dragons


How do you understand a human being? Since life is a linear affair, the most obvious approach to biography is to move from birth to death, covering everything in between. At its best, the result is not only exhaustive, but soaring and insightful – from Boswell on Samuel Johnson to Sir Martin Gilbert on Winston Churchill to Joseph Frank on Dostoevsky.
All moments in a life, however, are not equal. There are turning points, dramatic events that can be not only important, but transformative. As Barack Obama left the White House for the last time as president of the United States, it was impossible not to be reminded of the electrifying speech that first brought him to wide public attention 13 years earlier. He was just a young man then, in his words, "a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him too", but he captured the imagination of a nation, and that moment changed not only his life but ours too.
Electifying … Obama's speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention.
I also believe that there is no necessary correlation – especially in an extraordinary life – between the conspicuous public events and the deeper personal instincts and motivations that uniquely define each of us. Events do not determine a human being's character; they reveal it. So my purpose in trying to understand my subject is to select those particular moments where, I believe, that interior view is the clearest.
What interests me more than moments of public triumph or infamy are instances of private trial and struggle, when no one can hide their weaknesses – or indeed their strengths. These stories, of sickness and sorrow, fear and desperation, can often be lost in the chaos of a crowded life, but they, more than any others, let us plumb the depths of true character. Because all of us know those moments in our own lives, they also serve to connect us in a very real way with personalities that we might otherwise view only from a distance. Only a handful of us will ever lead an army, or make a scientific breakthrough, or win election to high office. But it is a great levelling quality of life that all of us will at some point know moments of great doubt and hardship – and we can recognize in those moments the essential humanity of historical subjects who have become so famous they can otherwise seem almost mythical.
This realisation first struck me when I was working on my first book, The River of Doubt. I had spent years researching the story, which is about an expedition Theodore Roosevelt took down an unmapped river in the Amazon rainforest in 1914. I worked in archives and with experts. I spent weeks in Brazil's sprawling cities and vast rainforest, and I travelled to this river, which is now known as the Rio Roosevelt but is still incredibly remote.
When I was going over the final proofs for the book, I was eight months pregnant, and I received the startling and terrifying news that the child I was carrying had been diagnosed in utero with a rare and very serious form of cancer. During her emergency delivery, and over weeks, months and years of fear and uncertainty, as our daughter fought for her life, I felt that I finally started to understand Roosevelt and what had happened to him on another continent, nearly a century before.
For Roosevelt, this was not about charting an unknown river, recovering his pride after a failed attempt to regain the presidency, or even saving his own life. It was about saving his son, Kermit. Three men died on this expedition. One drowned, one was murdered, and the murderer was left to certain death in the rainforest. Those who survived, including Kermit Roosevelt, lost all of their canoes to rapids, were attacked by indigenous tribesmen and nearly starved to death. In the end, all Roosevelt wanted was to get his son out alive.
When I finally realised what this expedition meant to Roosevelt, I felt a connection to my subject that, in the years I had spent trying to understand him, I had previously been unable to make. I could see him much more clearly, as though a light had come on, shining not from some distant source, but from within Roosevelt himself.
I was forcefully reminded of this experience five years later, when I began work on Hero of the Empire, a book about Winston Churchill in the Boer war. This is a very different story – Roosevelt was not only at the end of his political career but nearing the end of his life when he descended the River of Doubt. Churchill was only 24, with a long life still ahead of him, when he landed in South Africa in October 1899. The similarity lies in the desperate circumstances in which these two men found themselves, and the striking clarity with which their character was revealed as they struggled to survive.
Just two weeks after Churchill reached Cape Town, to cover the war as a journalist, the armoured train in which he was travelling was attacked by the Boers. He was captured, taken as a prisoner of war and, eventually, escaped, by himself. Nearly 300 miles of enemy territory – from Pretoria to Portuguese East Africa, now Mozambique – stretched before him. He didn't have a map, a compass, a weapon or food. The Boers, humiliated and enraged, were determined to recapture him, and if they succeeded, there was a very real risk that they would kill him.
Churchill was thousands of miles from home, without help and with dwindling hope. In that moment of desperation, hopelessness and fear, however, he showed the same courage and determination, audacity and arrogance that would define him 40 years later, when his country needed him most.
After his escape, Churchill would return to the war not only as a journalist, but as an officer. He wanted to fight, and he sought out the bloodiest battles of the war. Even before he returned to England, he was a national hero and, not long after, won his first seat in parliament.
It would be impossible to sum up Churchill's long and extraordinarily complicated life through this one event. He would live another 65 years, among the most chaotic years in human history. It is, however, equally impossible to read the story of his role in the Boer war and not understand who he was, and how and why he became the man we recognise today. Churchill's character, if not yet fully formed, was clearly visible – outlined in bold relief against the dusty backdrop of the South African veldt.
• Hero of the Empire is published by Allen Lane. To order a copy for £17 (RRP £20) go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846. Free UK p&p over £10, online orders only. Phone orders min p&p of £1.99.


text:
illegal immigration News Stories & Reports
Thread: House Judiciary Committee Wants Data on Released Criminal Aliens From DHS
House Judiciary Committee Wants Data on Released Criminal Aliens From DHS
By: Homeland Security Today Staff
04/14/2014 (10:03am)
House Judiciary Committee Chairman Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) and other members of the committee sent a letter to Department of Homeland Security Secretary (DHS) Jeh Johnson requesting information on criminal aliens identified by the Secure Communities program who have been "released into communities across the United States, as well as the specific crimes committed by these individuals and the justification for their release."
Committee member Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas) wrote Johnson on February 27th the day after the secretary testified before the House Committee on Homeland Security in which he requested the same data.
"However, almost two months later, [DHS] has failed to respond," the lawmakers said.
In the follow-up letter sent to Johnson on Friday, "members of the House Judiciary Committee renewed this request for information and also asked that DHS provide further information on this issue, such as the number of criminal aliens released as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Zadvydas v. Davis," an announcement from Goodlatte's office said. "The members signing the letter also noted that if DHS does not comply with this request, the committee will need to schedule a hearing or take other action in order to receive answers to the questions posed to the department."
In their letter to Johnson on Friday, the lawmakers re-requested the same information that Rep. Smith had asked for on Feb. 27:
*When will DHS release its timeline and corresponding metrics for achieving operational control of the border?
*How many criminal immigrants were identified through the Secure Communities program and other departmental programs in 2013?
*How many criminal immigrants were removed from the United States in 2013? What specific crimes did these criminal immigrants commit?
*How many criminal immigrants were released into communities within the United States in 2013? What specific crimes did these criminal immigrants commit?
*Why were criminal immigrants involved in those crimes released into communities within the United States? Please provide your rationale and legal justification for not prioritizing these individuals for detainment and removal.
"Congressmen Smith requested specific answers to these questions within 30 days. Thus, you should have provided a response by March 30, 2014," the lawmakers chastised Johnson in their letter Friday. "Of course, as of the date of this letter Congressmen Smith has received no response. He has been told by DHS that the response is still being drafted."
"Since the time that Congressman Smith sent his letter, a new report issued by the Center for Immigration Studies based on internal data from US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) indicates that ICE charged only 195,000, or 25 percent, out of 722,000 potentially deportable aliens they encountered," the lawmakers stated. "Additionally, the report indicates that ICE released convicted criminal aliens 68,000 times in 2013."
"As you may recall," the legislators' letter continued, "as part of the House Judiciary Committee's oversight responsibility, the Immigration Subcommittee issued a subpoena to DHS in November 2011 for a list of unlawful and criminal aliens that had been brought to the attention of ICE through Secure Communities after being arrested by state or local law enforcement but had not been detained or placed in removal proceedings by the agency. The Congressional Research Service (CRS), in cooperation with the Committee, crosschecked the subpoenaed data to determine if the illegal and criminal immigrants released by ICE had gone on to commit more crimes."
CRS reported that of those released, about 17 percent of the unlawful and criminal aliens, or 26,412, were rearrested on criminal charges within three years of release. These 26,412 recidivists accounted for a total of 42,827 arrests and 57,763 alleged violations. The categories of crimes charged include nearly 8,500 DUIs (14.6 percent), over 6,000 drug violations (10.9 percent), more than 4,000 major criminal offenses (7.1 percent), which includes murder, assault, battery, rape and kidnapping, nearly 3,000 theft offenses (4.9 percent), and over 1,000 other violent crimes (2.1 percent), which includes carjacking, child cruelty, child molestation, domestic abuse, lynching, stalking and torture. The crimes committed included 59 murders, 21 attempted murders, and 542 sex crimes.
"Therefore," the lawmakers said, "the committee is understandably concerned when ICE releases criminal immigrants onto the streets. It is crucial for the committee to know what crimes the aliens released by ICE were convicted of given that they were released back into our communities."
Committee members also expressed frustration over their continuing inability to from DHS requested information in a timely manner – it at all, they said.
"Finally, and unfortunately," they told Johnson, "we must note that often the committee must resort to scheduling a hearing or taking other action in order to receive answers to the questions we pose. We hope that henceforth such actions by our committee will not prove to be necessary in order to receive information from DHS that is vital for us to fulfill our legitimate oversight role."
The lawmakers noted that "On February 7, 2014, your Chief of Staff, Christian Marrone, issued a 'Memorandum for All Component Heads,' titled, 'Secretary's Guidance on Responding to Members of Congress.' According to the memo, you expect 'the department to respond to Congress in a direct, courteous and timely manner.' This memo implements a process that 'affords the department a ten (10) business day response time from the receipt of the inquiry to the transmittal of the response to Congress.' The memorandum further states, 'If a component recognizes that preparation of a complete answer will require additional time, the component must draft a substantive interim response to the member of Congress indicating the reason why more time is needed and the date by which the department will provide the member(s) our final response."
"In the short time that this policy has been in effect," the lawmakers continued, "your staff has already failed to comply with the policy twice with the committee. Congressman Smith has not received a final response or even an interim response. For these reasons, the Judiciary Committee reiterates his request. We ask that you respond to this entire request within 30 days and per your policy we be provided with a 'date by which the department will provide the member(s) [your] final response.'"
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TrainMore is the unique gym concept founded by Han Doorenbosch (also the founder of Club Sportive) and Marjolein Meijer, who wanted customers to be the focal point of their business model. The starting point was a vision in which the more a member exercises, the lower the cost of their membership. The first TrainMore club was founded in 2010, but their hugely popular business ethos has now allowed them to extend to 10 locations throughout the Netherlands. TrainMore deliver an engaging, unique fitness experience to their members via their custom Virtuagym app. Class booking and an online community platform assist with boosting retention and developing a well-rounded team spirit inside each facility.
The fact that you can recover the costs by offering app functionalities as an upsell to our members is a great benefit.
We chose Virtuagym because we were impressed by their continuous innovation.
Helping their members reach their goals through educating them on nutrition.
Visualizing progress to keep members motivated and committed.
Fill out the form below and discover how we can help you boost your business.
After introducing Virtuagym into the Nestlé fitness facility, the huge benefits of doing so quickly became obvious to Bischoff as well as the gym-goers themselves.
"The main benefit is definitely the follow-up that we can now have with members, we can get so much more than just their basic information. We can record important medical information, and tailor workout plans and training plans to accommodate any ailments they have." explains Bischoff.
He outlines the plans that they have for building more comprehensive custom training plans, in a bid to meet the need of each individual member. This is made possible thanks to the enormous database of over 4,000 animated exercises contained within Virtuagym's exercise module.
But it's not just the in-depth member profiles that have transformed the gym, the administration-focused modules have unlocked a new level of efficiency and accessibility for the staff working behind the scenes.
The online community the Nestlé campus gym hosts via their mobile app has created an active family of gym members who share their progress, post updates and discuss the latest hot topics. Bischoff tells us that it's become so popular, that trainers don't even get the chance to reply to a member question before another member answers it.


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PRIME SPOT ADVERTISERS CHANNEL SUPPORT BACK TO NETWORK TELEVISION.
The New York TimesSUN-SENTINEL
NEW YORK -- Spurred by increased automobile advertising and renewed confidence in television's ability to sell, the networks have sold more commercial time for next season than ever before.
As most advance sales were completed at the end of June, ABC, CBS and NBC had sold almost 90 percent of their prime-time commercial spots for the next season, network sales executives said.
Fox, a newcomer to the industry, tripled its advance sales to $300 million, from $100 million last year.
Buyers of commercial time said the advance-sales, or up-front, market was particularly frenzied this year.
The commitments for prime time were close to $4 billion, an increase of $700 million from last year.
Up-front sales are expected to account for more than half of the networks' total advertising revenue of nearly $10 billion, according to industry estimates, and the bulk of that is in prime time.
Nevertheless, some advertising executives predict that this year's high advertising prices will cause a downturn next year, as opportunities for advertising on non-network television continue to increase.
The executives attributed the vigorous sales partly to the introduction in the fall of more new car models than in recent seasons, including new Japanese luxury models such as Toyota's Lexus and Nissan's Infiniti.
They said advertisers also were protecting themselves from a repeat of this spring, when "scatter," or commercial time that had not been pre- ordered, went for record prices.
And they said the sales reflected the confidence of leading advertisers in television, after unsuccessful experiments with new promotional techniques.
The president of CBS Marketing Division, Thomas F. Leahy, said corporate takeovers, combined with a weakened advertising market, had eroded consumer loyalty to brand-name products from cars to toothpaste.
"You build a name by advertising," he said.
"What I think we are seeing is a swing back from promotion, which had the lions' share of the ad dollar, back to advertising."
John Reidy, a media analyst at Drexel Burnham Lambert, said companies recently had experimented heavily with promotional devices such as coupons and direct marketing, which accounted for as much as 60 percent of their advertising and promotion budgets.
But, this year, Reidy said, "there is a general perception that the pendulum is swinging from promotion to advertising."
The shift began in the spring, when advertisers tried to buy scatter commercial time and ended up paying 25 percent to 30 percent more than last year.
"When it came time to put money on the table, people thought the three networks were not the dinosaur they thought they had become," said H. Weller Keever, executive vice president for sales at Capital Cities-ABC Inc.
But this year's good fortune may have a downside, said Paul Isacsson, director of broadcast programming at Young & Rubicam.
"You'll see a backlash by the advertisers next year," he said.
"This year, they were disappointed by syndication, and they moved back. But they'll return next year, and there will be more spillover into cable because it's cheaper," Isacsson said.


Celebrate the beauty of the natural world with the Marini Ferlazzo wildlife collection by Maxwell & Williams. Each generously sized mug is made from fine bone china and features a hand-drawn wildlife portrait by Melbourne artist Nathan Ferlazzo. A portion of profits from each mug sold will go to wildlife conservation efforts around the world. Each mug is presented in a gift box that is just as exquisitely patterned as the product itself, making it a premium gift for wildlife lovers.


Is there anyway we can see a list of invitations sent but not responded to? Is there a possibility of being able to send a reminder invitation, even automatically after the transfer guidelines time has elapsed. It gets frustrating when you are continuing to complete work in the workspace and the other side hasn't accepted the invite.
Or if you have sent an invite and it hasnt been accepted, that you receive a reminder email stating your invite has not been accepted or declined by the recipient so we can follow up. It would be good if you could also click on the below and then send a reminder? You cant sent a conversation until they have accepted the invite.
There is a tab on the left of the screen, outstanding or declined invitations.