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3701 W Algonquin Rd., Suite 350
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Parental Responsibilities & Child Custody
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Love, Marriage, Baseball, and Premarital Agreements
Home Blog Divorce Love, Marriage, Baseball, and Premarital Agreements
Those are probably four words you never thought you would see together in the same sentence of a legal blog. Yet the saga of Frank and Jamie McCourt, the former owners of the Los Angeles Dodgers, is one of the best lessons in the nuts and bolts of making and breaking a premarital agreement.
Illinois and California have both adopted the Uniform Premarital Agreement Act. So, if the McCourts owned the Chicago Cubs, the results would have been much the same.
Before the UPAA, premarital agreements were little more than divorce insurance for the super-rich, but this act streamlined applicable law and procedures. Therefore, results are much more predictable. Additionally, a Chicago family law attorney can draft a solid premarital agreement in as little as one office visit.
Prenups resolve financial disputes in advance, so money matters cannot poison your relationship. Additionally, premarital agreements can cover inheritance and succession matters. That is especially important for people who have been married before or have family businesses to pass on.
The McCourts, a billionaire SoCal power couple, acquired the Dodgers in 2004. At the time, the club's value was rather low. Years of underachieving teams had decreased fan interest, and team revenue had declined proportionally.
Most likely, the McCourts planned to buy low and sell high. They assumed the team's value would go up again, and they could sell the club for a tidy profit. That is normally an effective approach, but neither the McCourts nor anyone else knew that the Dodgers would sink lower.
The team's financial fortunes hit rock bottom in the summer of 2011. Reportedly, Frank McCourt, who was the sole owner at the time, would have been unable to make payroll unless then-Commissioner Bud Selig approved a new TV broadcasting deal. When Selig refused to sign off on the deal, the Dodgers declared bankruptcy.
Further complicating matters, while the team was in bankruptcy court, its owners were in divorce court. The divorce included a property settlement agreement. In this agreement, Frank paid Jamie several hundred million dollars in exchange for her half of the Dodgers. Jamie probably thought she took her soon-to-be-ex-husband to the cleaners. After all, the Dodgers were essentially worthless at the time.
As it turns out, rumors of the Dodger's financial death were greatly exaggerated. Less than a year later, Frank sold the team for over $2 billion. Flabbergasted, Jamie tried to overturn the prenup.
Challenging the Premarital Agreement
Jamie claimed that Frank lied to her about the team's value. Additionally, the sale left her about $900 million short of a 50/50 split in a community property state. So, Jamie seemed to have a strong case. But the court disagreed, as follows:
Involuntary: Misrepresentation of a material fact is grounds to overturn a prenup. In this case, the challenging party did not understand what s/he was signing. But the court did not buy Jamie's argument, noting that Frank turned over tens of thousands of pages of documents during the divorce. Additionally, under the UPAA, the withheld information must have been unavailable elsewhere. The court noted that Jamie was a co-owner at the time, so she had access to all the financial data she wanted.
Unconscionable: $900 million is an unconscionably harsh division by almost any standard. But under the UPAA, the agreement must have been unconscionable at the time it was signed. In this case, that was not true. Jamie chose a guaranteed $131 million payment upfront instead of taking on the risk that the team was worth nothing.
So, Jamie lost her case, and she had to pay Frank's legal fees. But the story has something of a happy ending for her. A few years later, President Donald Trump named Jamie, who is a longtime GOP supporter, as ambassador to Monaco and France. That is not a half-bad consolation prize.
Reach Out to an Assertive Attorney
Today's premarital agreements are rather easy to make and rather difficult to break. For a consultation with an experienced family law attorney in Chicago, contact the Law Offices of Martin A. Delaney III, Ltd.
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THE VOICE: There were a bunch of truly awful song choices this week. (Poor Kennedy.) MaKenzie Thomas and Sarah Grace were the real breakout performers of the night; I can't see a way where either doesn't fly through to the semi-finals.
I'd guess Team Blake and Team Kelly will lose contestants this week, but voting has occasionally been wonky…and one person I expected to be out is charting on iTunes, so who the heck knows how this is going to shake out.
ARROW: I was kind of underwhelmed by the new Green Arrow reveal. The Queen family drama has fed into so much of the show's DNA over the years, and it would have been interesting to see someone with no tie to Oliver take it upon themselves to follow in his footsteps.
I'm glad the show did address the changes to Oliver and Felicity's relationship since he went to prison. I don't know if they'll actually play the drama through, but I'm glad it wasn't totally swept under the table.
Oh, Diggle, Oliver is really not going to be happy when he discovers you're talking to Diaz.
Poor Constantine. I'm really glad we learned a bit more of his backstory, even if it was tragic because he was mourning a dead love.


False-positive MRI detection of recurrent or metastatic pediatric infratentorial tumors.
Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI is the modality of choice when imaging central nervous system infratentorial tumors in the pediatric population. The detection of a new enhancing lesion following initiation of therapy is typically considered pathognomonic for recurrent or metastatic tumor. We report two pediatric patients with infratentorial central nervous system tumors who demonstrated new areas of enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI following initiation of multimodality therapy. Both patients had surgical biopsy of the new lesions with histologic review failing to demonstrate viable tumor. These studies suggest caution in considering new enhancing lesions detected by MRI in a child with a brain tumor pathognomonic for new sites of active tumor.


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Home / Opinion / Brick by brick: Rs 20,000 crore Central Vista plan
Brick by brick: Rs 20,000 crore Central Vista plan
At this moment, the country needs the money. But beyond that, it needs to speak up when the government destroys the symbols of its democratic heritage
Spending Rs 20,000 crore on destroying and then rebuilding the Central Vista when thousands of Indians need food and the medical infrastructure of the country urgently needs strengthening is like Nero fiddling while Rome burnt
The Editorial Board | Published 20.05.20, 05:22 PM
The ruling dispensation of the day is possessed of many illusions. One is that winning an election — or two successive ones — with an indisputable majority gives a party, in this case, the Bharatiya Janata Party, proprietary rights over public buildings and the country's heritage. This illusion alone can allow the government to decide unilaterally to rebuild the Central Vista, without adequate public debate, as a letter signed by 60 former bureaucrats has pointed out, and without proper heritage and environmental assessment. The letter, objecting to the government's Central Vista project, is one in a series of similar protests, particularly from the Opposition. These objections were voiced before the novel coronavirus pandemic. And have intensified since because of the expense concerned. The former officers' letter puts this particular objection in the strongest terms. Spending Rs 20,000 crore — a sum that is likely to escalate — on destroying and then rebuilding the Central Vista when thousands of Indians need food and the medical infrastructure of the country urgently needs strengthening if lives are to be saved is like Nero fiddling while Rome burnt.
Delusions of grandeur are dangerous. They lead to a desire to destroy heritage instead of building it up or restoring it, because the dream is to rewrite history by erasing traces of the past. No doubt Rs 20,000 crore is a small price to pay for such a grand ambition. The letter points out, moreover, that the project has been given to a particular Gujarat-based company and all government departments have been told to comply with its requirements. Who chose the company and on what basis? The complete indifference to transparency or the necessity, as the government, to be seen to be complying with regulations is a mark of the ruling dispensation's self-absorption and disrespect towards democratic principles. Governing is not ownership. A project that uproots the representative buildings of democracy without caring for the needs or the opinion of the public cannot be anything but ominous. At this moment, the country needs the money. But beyond that, it needs to speak up when the government destroys the symbols of its democratic heritage.
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As you lay your bed, so you must lie on it.
Armed with 6 years of experience – from running our parent company E'sorae Luxury – in the bedding and home textile industry, we opened the doors of our Bedsheets Express store in March of 2017.
All Bedsheets Express Outlets have been an instant success and this is because of the laid down structure and branding of the business. We are Nigeria's fastest growing bedding brand. Over time, we have built a database of customers who love and trust our brand. The basic philosophy behind our brand is teamwork and inclusion.


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1 edition of Extreme teams found in the catalog.
Robert Bruce Shaw
why Pixar, Netflix, AirBnB, and other cutting-edge companies succeed where most fail
by Robert Bruce Shaw
Published 2017 .
Teams in the workplace
Great achievements are almost always the work of a great team. But most leaders rely on decades-old ideas and practices about teams developed by companies that have lost their edge. Times change and so must our teams. Those who cling to outdated views of teamwork and team building will be left behind. So what do you need to do to create a team that can successfully face the challenges of today"s world? To answer that question, Robert Bruce Shaw examines the work practices of innovative high-growth companies such as Whole Foods, Pixar, and Netflix. These firms became groundbreaking leaders in their industries, in part, by boldly rewriting the rules of teamwork. Extreme Teams provides a detailed analysis of how the leaders at these companies think and operate--and, in particular, describes their approaches for creating high energy teams that deliver extraordinary results. You will learn in Extreme Teams: how Alibaba strives to hire the right people--not the best people; why co-workers determine if you stay or go at Whole Foods; the benefit to Airbnb of letting its employees determine the projects on which they work; how employees at Patagonia have nearly complete control over their work and play hours; what Pixar does to avoid repeating what worked for it in the past; why Netflix rewards average performance with a generous severance package; what will get you fired at Zappos--and it"s not what you think. Filled with success stories from some of the most exciting firms operating today, Extreme Teams will push you to think about teams in new ways. It is filled with pragmatic suggestions that you can use to move your team to the next level of engagement and performance. This is the book for those who want to go beyond traditional approaches to teamwork and build truly great groups. -- Inside jacket flaps.
Statement Robert Bruce Shaw
LC Classifications HD66 .S4849 2017
Pagination vii, 247 pages
Book team building and motivational keynote speaker Robyn Benincasa today to inspire and transform your world-class team with strategies for synergy and success. [email protected] One of the best books in the world on this subject is "Extreme Ownership". It is a book that is written by two retired Navy SEALs, Jocko Willink and Leif Babin. They have a combined 33 years of battlefield experience. They served together in Task Unit Bruiser which was part of SEAL Team Three in Ramadi, one of the most violent cities in Iraq.
If you're on a company retreat or feel really like making a day of it, you can try some of these (more extreme) team building activities so teams can really feel like they've been through something together! Group Volunteering. A whole team coming together in favor of a worthy cause is a powerful thing. It strengthen team ties because the. Pistons Dancers Pistons Extreme Team. is part of Turner Sports Digital, part of the Turner Sports & Entertainment Digital Network.
Extreme E is a proposed class of auto racing that only uses electric vehicles to race off-road in extremely remote parts of the world using electric series was conceived in , and the inaugural championship is planned for It is the brainchild of the people behind the Formula E racing series, including Formula E founder Alejandro Agag. Official website: The intent of the professional reading program is to promote the reading and discussion of books throughout the year. Discussions are encouraged on the WFLDP Facebook page and anywhere you can find two or more people willing to chat about books and leadership.. We have also developed a task, purpose, and end state for the reading program to make its intent clear.
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Extreme teams by Robert Bruce Shaw Download PDF EPUB FB2
Extreme Teams examines the team practices driving growth in seven of the world's most cutting-edge firms. They do this by tossing conventional wisdom and doing things differently. They do this by tossing conventional wisdom and doing things differently/5(8).
JOCKO WILLINK is author of Extreme Ownership, a decorated retired Navy SEAL officer, and co-founder of Echelon Front, where he is a leadership instructor, speaker, and executive coach.
Jocko spent 20 years in the U.S. Navy SEAL Teams, starting as an enlisted SEAL and rising through the ranks to become a SEAL officer/5(K). Book Description. Managers want great teams, but most Extreme teams book them around decades-old ideas and practices made popular by companies that have lost their edge.
Extreme Teams looks at the new generation of teams driving growth in today's most innovative firms. Extreme Teams will push you to think about teams and groups in new ways and help you to move your team to the next level of engagement and performance by going beyond traditional methods.
Extreme Teams by Robert Bruce Shaw Get Extreme Teams now with O'Reilly online learning. O'Reilly members experience live online training, plus books, videos, and digital content from + publishers. Editions for Extreme Teams: Why Pixar, Netflix, Airbnb, and Other Cutting-Edge Companies Succeed Where Most Fail: (Hardcover published in Author: Robert Bruce Shaw.
Extreme Teams provides a detailed analysis of how the leaders at these companies think and operate — and, in particular, describes their approaches for Extreme teams book high energy teams that deliver extraordinary results.
An in-demand speaker, he is also the author of Trust in the Balance and Leadership Blindspots. He lives in Princeton, New Jersey.
Title: EXTREME TEAMS: Why Pixar, Netflix, AirBnB, and Other Cutting-Edge Companies Succeed Where Most Fail. Author: Robert Bruce Shaw. : Business Books. Keyword "Extreme" means you must go beyond ordinary to execute the five practices by Robert and creatively uphold the 6 cultural attributes to win at all times.
This book comes highly and greatly 9/10(). Extreme Ownership Book Summary & Review Sent to the most violent battlefield in Iraq, Jocko Willink and Leif Babin's SEAL task unit faced a seemingly impossible mission: help.
Reading books Extreme Teams: Why Pixar, Netflix, AirBnB, and Other Cutting- Edge Companies Succeed. Download or stream Extreme Teams: Why Pixar, Netflix, AirBnB, and Other Cutting-Edge Companies Succeed Where Most Fail by Robert Bruce Shaw.
Get 50% off this audiobook at the AudiobooksNow online audio book store and download or stream it right to your computer, smartphone or : Brilliance Audio. Extreme Ownership is written by Jocko Willink, a SEAL leader who explains how the lessons he learned in combat are relevant to leaders in any role.
The importance of team is emphasised, you are only as good as the men or woman behind you. This book provides fundamental leadership lessons through Willink's insightful combat experiences and stories. "Extreme Ownership provides huge value for leaders at all levels.
An inspiring and page-turning read, the leadership lessons are easy to digest and implement. It provides a powerful SEAL framework for action to lead teams in high-stakes environments.
This book made me a better leader and enabled my entire team step up our game!". Team of Teams by Gen. Stanley McChrystal talks about organisational dynamics and leadership in the US army.
Stanley McChrystal is a US General who lead Special Task Forces and had to modify his army's organisation to better fight Al-Qaeda militants in Iraq.
The book is a personal memoir of transforming Joint Special Operations Command/5. The 9 Best Leadership Books of Become a better leader with these picks. Share Pin Share Email By. Full Bio. Readers give "Extreme Ownership: "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team" is the third book in a trilogy.
by Matt Christopher and Stephanie True Peters includes books One Smooth Move, Day of the Dragon, Roller Hockey Rumble, and several more.
See the complete The Extreme Team series book list in order, box sets or omnibus editions, and companion titles. The Extreme Team. By: Bill O'Reilly Febru Archive: Comment: Email: Print: Share: As part of the research for my upcoming history book on President Trump, I am speaking with a lot of people who know him.
Most of the conversations involve compiling information that I will then confirm or, if I can't, not use. Extreme Ownership Summary: Jocko Willink and Leif Babin, two retired Navy SEALs, tell us how to be great leaders in their book Extreme Ownership.
In order. Extreme Team - Your Event Book. 25 likes. Your Event Book markets and promotes events of all sizes. lowers:. Arthur, the amazing Ecuadorian mongrel that was adopted by Swedish extreme sports team in the Amazon, is about to embark on a tour to promote the book about his exploits.John Gretton "Jocko" Willink (born September 8, ) is an American retired officer of the United States Navy, who served in the Navy SEAL is also a podcaster and author.
His military service saw combat actions in the war in Iraq, where he eventually commanded the SEAL Team 3's Task Unit Bruiser that fought in the battle against the Iraqi insurgents in Ramadi, and was honored with Battles/wars: Iraq War, Battle of Ramadi.
"The most fundamental and important truths at the heart of Extreme Ownership: there are no bad teams, only bad leaders." "The U.S. Navy SEAL Teams were at the forefront of this leadership transformation, emerging from the triumphs and tragedies of war with a crystallized understanding of what it takes to succeed in the most challenging.
natalierosedodd.com - Extreme teams book © 2020


Our State of Community Management research revealed that despite the high returns we calculated, only 41% of those surveyed say that they are able to calculate value in any way themselves, and only 23% have taken the next step to calculating ROI for their community program. Only 23%!
What's the big deal about calculating ROI, anyway?
By calculating ROI you demonstrate to stakeholders that they are making a good choice about investing in the community program – and that it is worth more investment. The other, critical, thing it can do is to show how community value has grown historically and how that value is projected to grow in the future, giving them further assurance that they are making a smart financial choice.
Evaluating the investment return (ROI) of the community directly connects to increased executive interest, support and investment – which in turn has a massive impact on resource allocation for communities programs. So, why don't more community programs calculate their ROI?
Our research suggests that there is a lack of business skills on community teams and this gap is a disservice to both the business and the community team. Overwhelmed by supporting value creation, community teams do not have the resources or the time required to measure and report their own success.
Our research brief, Calculating Community ROI: Measuring the Networked Value of Engagement, explores a simple formula for capturing the ROI of a behavior at the heart of all successful communities: an answer.
No matter what your community use case, questions and answers are its lifeblood. By capturing the value of this single behavior, you capture the lion's share of the return communities generate. Drilling in on answers highlights the way that communities surface innovations, strengthen networks, highlight best practices, and drive behavior change.
This brief includes The Community Roundtable's Community ROI calculation as well and approaches to find or estimate the inputs required to calculate it.
The result is a straightforward, understandable formula that focuses the heat of the executive spotlight on the results that matter the most to business outcomes.


Yvonne specialises in delivering tailored insurance solutions, succession planning and Kiwisaver advice to people from all walks of life. Being an experienced business owner and mum of four grown children, she provides in-depth and valuable insight to her clients. Yvonne is passionate about helping steward your finances efficiently and with foresight.


You say you love my smile, are enraptured with it and you aren't sure why. Well maybe you see or feel the loneliness it masks or feel the pull of the desire to be loved, held, taken care of. Maybe your soul recognises another soul in distress and wants to help, reach out, connect.
Maybe the karmic energies of the world are so greatly entwined that my grief attracts all grief, even that which was so small and well hidden in you.
You say that you're interested in me but don't know in what way, you just can't help but look at me and want to be close. Maybe we're designed so that hurt attracts hurt, loneliness attracts loneliness. Maybe you're interested because of some ancient male genome, designed to protect, honed in on my concealed distress signal. Maybe you're interested when I smile because you can feel that the light that is there, bright as it may be, is heavily shadowed by clouds of despair.
Or maybe my smile enraptured you because it's the smile of somebody who knows love, has felt it, lost it but remembers it and is searching for it in everyone but knows she will never find it like she lost it but is dying inside to find it and live it again.
Maybe it's the smile of someone dying to live again and begging every soul it meets to live with it, and maybe your soul wants to live like my soulful smile promises….with love and freedom.
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Classes begin Wednesday, September 5th. New members who register before September 30 will have their first year of membership waived.
Membership fees are $40 for a family and $25 for a single student.
Families who pay for tuition in full by cash or check before September 30, 2018 will receive a 2.5% discount.
Classes are listed on the Class Schedule and the Grid Schedule.
Fees are based on total number of hours of enrollment per week for all children in a family. See Fees and Tuition Schedule.
Registration forms must be downloaded, completed and submitted with a signed Contract and Waiver page.
Registrations may be mailed, faxed or sent as an attachment. Mailed registrations should include payment of first tuition installment, registration fee and membership fee. Electronic submissions should be paid via the Payment link.
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text:
package eu.stratuslab.marketplace.metadata;

import static eu.stratuslab.marketplace.metadata.MetadataUtils.writeStringToFile;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.security.KeyStore;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;

import eu.stratuslab.marketplace.X509Info;
import eu.stratuslab.marketplace.X509Utils;
import eu.stratuslab.marketplace.XMLUtils;

public final class SignMetadata {

    private static final String USAGE = "Usage:\n"
            + "  java eu.stratuslab.marketplace.metadata.SignMetadata \\\n"
            + "    [metadata file] [signed metadata file] [P12 Certificate] [Password] [Default email]";

    private SignMetadata() {

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        if (args.length != 4 && args.length != 5) {
            System.err.println(USAGE);
            System.exit(1);
        }

        File metadataFile = new File(args[0]);
        File outputFile = new File(args[1]);
        File pkcs12File = new File(args[2]);
        String passwd = args[3];
        String email = null;
        if (args.length == 5) {
            email = args[4];
        }

        X509Info x509Info = null;
        Document doc = null;

        try {

            KeyStore keyStore = X509Utils.pkcs12ToKeyStore(pkcs12File, passwd);
            x509Info = X509Utils.x509FromKeyStore(keyStore, passwd);

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.err.println("certificate file not found: " + pkcs12File);
            System.exit(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println("error loading certificate (wrong password?)");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        try {

            DocumentBuilder db = XMLUtils.newDocumentBuilder(false);
            doc = db.parse(metadataFile);

            MetadataUtils.signMetadataEntry(doc, x509Info, email);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }

        try {

            String signedContents = XMLUtils.documentToString(doc);
            writeStringToFile(signedContents, outputFile);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            removeOutputFile(outputFile);
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    private static void removeOutputFile(File file) {
        if (file.exists()) {
            boolean ok = file.delete();
            if (!ok) {
                System.err.println("error removing generated file: "
                        + file.toString());
            }
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Evaluating the Dual-Purpose of Chickpea: A Cash and Cover Crop for Agricultural Production Systems in the Southeast
Progress report for LS21-353
LS21-353 (project overview)
Project Type: Research and Education
Funds awarded in 2021: $397,648.00
Grant Recipients: University of Florida; Florida A&M University
md ali babar
Co-Investigators:
Gabriel Maltais-Landry
Dr. Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar
Dr. Marilyn Swisher
Alejandro Bolques
Crop diversification and rotation improve soil nutrition, reduce weed pressure, interrupt disease and pest cycles, reduce risk of crops loss and can increase income for growers. Farmers in North Florida often do not use rotation because crops that they could use in rotation with major crops (corn, peanut, and cotton) produce little or no income. Due to its relatively high value, many growers produce peanut several years in succession, resulting in growing disease, insect and weed pressure. Unpredictable rainfall patterns and high temperatures, both of which may increase in the future, are major challenges for these farmers, threatening both economic and environmental sustainability of their systems. Growers in North Florida express interest in crops that can fit into their annual cropping cycle without disrupting primary crop production and would make their systems more profitable and sustainable. Chickpea, the 2nd most widely consumed food legume, may have potential as a food and cover crop in the off-production season for the main crop. Consumer demand for chickpea has increased significantly as it is gluten free, high in essential amino acids and fiber, and an excellent source of several minerals and antioxidants. Increased demand for chickpea in healthy snacks, salads, vegan foods, and in processed products (hummus) has resulted in increased acreage and production in the US. Chickpea could be a profitable crop in North Florida due to a favorable growing environment and its short winter crop cycle (120-140 days) that would allow it to fit into several cropping systems involving corn, cotton, and vegetables. It may also provide environmental benefits by fixing N, preserving soil moisture, suppressing weeds and breaking pest cycles in rotational crops. Chickpea is also a relatively undemanding crop that remains productive under adverse environmental conditions. It requires minimum post-harvest processing and can be sold through local food venues as well as through commodity chains. It could be profitable for small-scale growers who are willing to develop or cultivate a market through local farmers markets, other direct markets, or for wholesale to smaller distributors. However, to our knowledge, there is no information available on yield, varieties, and management practices for chickpea in Florida and the southeastern US, including how N-fixation inputs and impacts on pest cycles affect rotational crops like corn. To address these knowledge gaps, our multi-disciplinary team including growers, extension agents, and researchers in four departments at the UF and FAMU proposes to investigate the feasibility of chickpea production for corn-based cropping system in Florida. We will: 1) characterize chickpea varieties to identify high yielding, cold tolerant varieties that mature in target windows, 2) assess nitrogen fixation in chickpea, impacts on soil N cycling, and the N-credit to the subsequent crop, 3) assess how chickpea impacts insect pests, beneficial organisms and disease pressure on the rotational crops, 4) analyze costs of production, and 5) disseminate results through UF and FAMU newsletters, websites, and listservs, fact sheets, and on-site and virtual field days, in-service training and county and regional extension educational programs.
The aim of this project is to evaluate chickpea to improve our knowledge on this multi-purpose crop and learn whether it can be grown for its full growth potential in the Southern Coastal Plain region as an off-season (winter) dual-purpose crop (cash and cover) in corn production systems. Our evaluation will be based on yield and economic returns, potential N-credits, and impact on major insect pests of the major summer cash crop (corn). We will identify the best maturity chickpea varieties for production (high yielding and nutrient rich) to enhance diversity, and environmental and economical sustainability. The specific objectives are:
Objective 1: Evaluate yield, nutritional quality and N-fixation of chickpeas integrated into corn cropping systems.
Objective 2: Assess N-fixation by chickpea and N credit to the subsequent cash crop, by combining 15N tracing at one research site (PSREU) on the three most promising varieties with more traditional N cycling measurements at both research sites and on growers' fields.
Objective 3: Measure insect and disease pressure in the rotational crops.
Objective 4: Evaluate and compare the economic feasibility of production for evaluated chickpea varieties.
Objective 5: Incorporate stakeholder' recommendations in the evaluation of project activities, conduct outreach and training, and disseminate findings on the potential dual-purpose of chickpea in agricultural production systems.
As a prelude of developing these objectives, initially, we screened different Kabuli chickpea varieties of International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) origin at PSREU, Citra and 70 were selected. These 70 chickpea varieties showed cold tolerance and demonstrated to be promising for North Florida growing conditions. The growing cycle of these varieties ranged between mid-November to early April. In another preliminary study to explore the possibility of growing fall sown chickpea in North Florida, we planted drought tolerant (Punjab Noor‐2009) and sensitive (93127) chickpea lines at Plant Science Research and Education Unit (PSREU), Citra, FL. Data were collected on nodule number, height, harvest index, pods/plant, 100-pod and -seed weight and yield and are presented in Tables 1 and 2. The lines were planted in late November. The yield of drought tolerant lines had 1330 lbs/ac and 1850 lbs/acre under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potentials of growing chickpea in the winter season in Southern Coaster Plain, however, we need to find out right variety with cold tolerance, disease resistance, best maturity, high yield potential and high N-fixation capacity.
Table 1: Difference in plant response to traits in drought tolerant (93127) and sensitive (Punjab Noor‐2009) chickpea genotypes planted in Citra, Florida in 2017-18.
Treatments No of nodules /Plant Plant height (cm)
Biomass/plant (g)
Harvest index (%)
Sen Tol LSD (0.05) Sen Tol LSD (0.05) Sen Tol LSD (0.05) Sen Tol LSD (0.05)
Rainfed 10 25 10 36 81 8 38 92 22 32 48 8
Irrigated 22 30 6 75 80 3 108 103 NS 68 65 NS
Table 2: Differences in yield and related traits in drought tolerant (93127) and sensitive (Punjab Noor‐2009) chickpea genotypes planted in Citra, Florida in 2017-18.
Rainfed 62 113 21 20 48 7 16 28 6 853 1330 220
Irrigated 121 131 8 48 55 4 29 33 3 1708 1850 80
Cooperators
Click linked name(s) to expand/collapse or show everyone's infohide everyone's info
Dr. Alejandro Bolques
alejandro.bolques@famu.edu
Extension Crop Specialist and REC Assistant Director
Florida A&M University (1890 Land Grant)
College of Agriculture and Food Sciences
4259 Bainbridge Highwa
Quincy, FL 32352
(850) 875-8555, REC; (850) 599-3 (office)
Kirk Brock - Technical Advisor - Producer
kirkbrock@centurylink.net
Brock Family Farms, 6069 Dills Rd Montic
Monticello, FL 32344 32344
Glyen Holmes - Producer (Researcher)
nnfc1995@yahoo.com
New North Florida Cooperative, 3806 Unio
Marianna, FL 32446 32446
Willie Morgen - Producer (Researcher)
dellandfarmer@hotmail.com
1197 Glade Rd. Havana, FL 32333
Havana, FL 32333 32333
Sammy Starling - Producer
tammylstarling@gmail.com
Sammy Starling Farm
187th Dr
Live Oak, FL 32060 32060
Objective 1:
Year 1 (2021-22): We will evaluate 70 pre-screened Kabuli chickpea varieties and 10 commercial checks (grows in North Dakota, California, Nebraska, Washington and Montana) in mid-Nov for late March harvesting at PSREU, Citra, (North-central Florida) and NFREC, Quincy, (North Florida). The trial will be planted in a 10ft long, four-row plot in an alpha-lattice design with two replications/location with a row-to-row distance of 12 inches. Seeds will be inoculated with Cicer specific Rhizobium bacteria prior to planting to encourage nodulation. A small amount of starter N (10 pounds/acre) with a P fertilizer source will be applied for early vegetative growth. Sulfur, potassium, phosphorus and micronutrients will be applied for proper growth and yield.
We will collect following data to characterize chickpea varieties:
Emergence: We will estimate emergence after two weeks of planting by visual rating of 0-9 scale, where 0 and 9 reflects no and >90% germination, respectively.
Time to R2 & R7: We will calculate the time between planting and 50% of open flowers on the plant (R2) and 50% of pods being yellow (R7).
Cold tolerance: A 1 to 9 scale will be used following Singh et al. (1997), where 1 = no visible symptoms of damage and 9 = 100% plant killing.
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI): We will collect NDVI images using MicaSense Rededge camera mounted on a DJI Matrice 100 drone at 15, 30, and 45 days after emergence to assess vigor indirectly (Tucker and Sellers, 1986). Chickpeas with high NDVI will be considered as varieties that can potentially preserve moisture and suppress weeds as they have vigorous early growth.
Biomass: Fresh and dry biomass weight will be measured at 45 days after emergence to evaluate forage yield potential.
Plant height: Height will be measured after pod formation on randomly selected eight plants per replicate from the middle two rows.
Disease rating: We will rate diseases using 1 to 5 disease incidence scale (Harveson et al., 2009), where 1 = no disease and 5 = > 75% of plant showing symptoms. Disease severity will also be recorded on a 0 to 100% scale with 1% increments for each disease identified.
Pods/plants: We will count pods/plants from eight randomly selected plants in the middle two rows.
100-grain weight: We will count and weigh hundred grains after harvest.
Yield: Middle two rows will be machine harvested to estimate yield at 15% moisture.
Food qualities analysis: Total protein, digestible fiber, Fe, Zn, K and Mg in grains will be measured at UF/IFAS Forage Evaluation Support and Analytical Service Laboratory.
We will identify 6-8 varieties with best maturity, high yield potential, high food quality, disease resistance, and cold tolerance for year 2 and 3 testing.
Year 2 (2022-23): The selected 6-8 chickpea varieties and rye will be planted at PSREU and FAMU Research and Extension Center, Quincy in 4-row 20 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications/location. We will include rye in the Year 2 and 3 experiments, as rye has been the predominant growers' preference for winter cover crop in North Florida, to evaluate the effect of chickpeas on the yield and insect infestation of corn in comparison to growers' practice. Chickpea seeds will be inoculated before planting like Y1. All phenotypic data will be collected following the same protocols as Y1. In addition, the N-fixation capacity of chickpea varieties will be assessed (objective 2). We will conduct growers' research assessments to select the best performing varieties for growers' field evaluations in Y3. Following chickpea harvest, corn hybrids will be planted in mid-April in the same field for assessing N-credit (objective 2) and the effect on pests (objective 3) on the rotational crop. Corn trials will be planted in 4-row 20 ft plot with 36" row-row distance to estimate emergence, yield, test weight, etc.
Year 3 (2023-24): We will continue experiments in both PSREU and FAMU and will work with growers to conduct on-farm trials with a corn crop. The trials at PSREU and FAMU will follow the same protocol as Y2.
On farm trial: Four on-farm trials will be planted in four growers' fields in Mariana, Monticello, Havana and Live Oak, FL to evaluate the performance of chickpea varieties (selected by growers in year 2) under growers' field conditions. The chickpea trial will be planted in four 100 ft long strips. The trial will be assessed by growers for yield, maturity, weed suppression, fertility, etc. Following the harvesting of chickpeas, corn will be planted in the same field for the estimation of N-credit and effect on pests of corn (objectives 2 & 3).
Data will be analyzed in a linear mixed model using R package for locations, across locations, and across years and locations to estimate genotype-location interaction. The broad sense heritability for traits will be estimated. The design will be adjusted considering locations, blocks, and genotype-location interaction as random effects. PI Babar and Dr. Bolques will lead research activities and analysis for objective 1.
Experimental and analytical work for objective 2 will take place during years 2 and 3 of the project, using complementary approaches for on-station research.
At PSREU, we will setup a 15N tracing experiment with the 3 most promising varieties from the 6-8 selected after year 1, selecting those most promising varieties in collaboration with the advisory council. We will label chickpea plants for these 3 varieties with 15N-enriched fertilizer, using a 30 m2 area outside of the main research plots to prevent soil contamination with 15N. We will do 4 fertilization events (foliar and soil) during chickpea growing season to obtain a uniform distribution of 15N among plant parts. We will then define a 2.5 m2 microplot for 15N experiments in each of the 12 main research plots (i.e., 3 chickpea varieties grown in 4 blocks). At chickpea termination, we will remove chickpea residues from the surface of microplots, and we will take 3 soil samples (0-15 cm) per microplot and analyze them for 15N. We will add 15N-labeled residues to the surface of microplots, at a rate identical to what the remainder of the main plots receive in non-labeled residues (i.e., a 1:1 substitution). Land preparation and corn seeding will follow, using identical methods as those used for the rest of the main experiment, and fertilizers will be analyzed for 15N. At harvest, we will collect whole corn plants and three additional soil cores per microplot and analyze them for 15N. All 15N samples will be analyzed by combustion, using an elemental analyzer coupled to a mass spectrometer. We will use an isotope mixing model with three pools (chickpea residue N, fertilizer N, soil N) to quantify the amount of N transferred from chickpea to the subsequent corn crop and to the soil.
At both PSREU and FAMU research stations, we will monitor N-cycling using traditional methods, focusing on the 6-8 varieties selected for objective 1 in addition to the rye cover crop (total: 28 to 36 plots per site per year). We will quantify soil extractable N using 2M KCl in the tilled layer (0-20 cm) before chickpea/rye planting, midway during the chickpea/rye growing season, after chickpea/rye termination (and before corn planting), midway in the corn growing season, and after corn harvest. We will collect soils for potential net N mineralization (a 28-day incubation) for all of these time steps, using the method of Roberston et al. (1999). After chickpea/rye termination, we will build N mineralization curves to determine the temporal release of N from chickpea/rye residues over time, measuring soil-extractable N at four time points during a two-month incubation.
We will also measure soil protein and permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), according to Stott et al. (2019), before chickpea/rye planting, after chickpea/rye termination, and after corn harvest, to measure changes in emerging soil health indicators. Before corn planting, we will measure traditional soil fertility indicators (Mehlich-extractable micro- and macronutrients, soil pH) to adjust fertilization rates, using an external laboratory. Finally, at both research sites, we will collect crops for total N analysis (chickpea/rye aboveground biomass, corn aboveground biomass and seeds) in each plot in each year, and we will determine total N and C by combustion.
For on-farm trials, we will focus on measurements of crop N in chickpea and corn, incubations quantifying N release after chickpea termination, soil protein N and POXC (before chickpea, after chickpea, after corn), and traditional soil properties measured before corn. These indicators are pre-selected as they provide information that should be most applicable to growers, although we will refine the choice of indicators with the advisory council and participating growers.
All data collected for objective 2 will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), using a different ANOVA for each research station (i.e., PSREU, FAMU), with chickpea varieties as a fixed factor and block as a random factor. When multiple measurements are taken from a given plot in a year (e.g., N mineralization), a repeated measures model will be used. For on-farm trials, all sites will be analyzed at once, using site as a fixed effect in the model. Tukey HSD tests will be used for means separation, and appropriate data transformations will be used prior to analysis to conform with conditions of normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances. All analyses will be conducted in R.
Co-PIs Maltais-Landry and Wilson will lead research activities laid out in objective 2.
Monitoring provides information on pest population density and is the cornerstone of any pest management program. Chickpea is a leguminous annual plant that is attacked by a host of pests including, beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua; chickpea leafminer, Liriomyza cicerina; cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora; and pod borers, Helicoverpa armigera.
The corn earworm (CEW) Helicoverpa zea Boddie is a major pest of corn in the Southern Coaster Plain areas (Reay-Jones 2019). The larva feeds on several field and horticultural crops including alfalfa, clover, cotton, oat, millet, corn, and sorghum. In corn, the larva initially feeds on silk before moving to the developing kernels.
The European corn borer (ECB) is an important pest of field crops that cause an estimated $1 billion in losses annually (Hutchinson et al. 2010). ECB was introduced into the eastern US in 1917. The larva feeds on the silk eventually gaining access to the kernels. In the southern US there are three to four generations per year.
The southern corn rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi also known as the spotted cucumber beetle is common in southeastern US. A female can lay up to 500 eggs in its lifetime (Farms. Com). Depending on climate, the SCR can have up to 3 -4 generations per year. Both adults and larvae feed on a wide range of field crops but the larva is the more damaging life-stage. The larva feeds on the terminal blades making round holes and later in the season when the roots are established, they will begin feeding on the roots.
We will use several monitoring techniques to quantify the major pests in chickpea and corn that are common to North Florida. Insects and beneficials will be monitored in selected chickpea varieties to assess levels of susceptibility. Pheromone traps will be deployed to monitor the flight activity of adult beet armyworm and pod borers in Chickpea. The larvae of beet armyworm and pod borers will be monitored by shaking known number of plants and counting the number of larvae that fall onto a drop cloth held beneath the canopy. Aphids and leafminers will be monitored using unbaited yellow sticky cards and using in situ counts.
We will also monitor CEW, ECB, and SCR in corn/chickpea (research plot) and a grower standard corn/rye. We will compare the abundance of pests and beneficials in these two systems. The corn earworm will be sampled by randomly choosing known numbers of plants at each location. Each plant (seed heads) will be vigorously shaken over a beat sheet and the number of larvae that fall onto the sheet will be counted and recorded. For the ECB, we will initially deploy two baited pheromone traps (E race & Z race) of the Heliothis (Hartstack) style, which will be checked weekly. After the trap-catch is initiated, we will count egg masses and young larvae found on the plant. Sampling for ECB egg masses will involve examining the upper and lower sides of the corn ear leaf, on approximately 10 plants (one leaf per plant). We will also examine the leaf junctions for larvae and record the number of caterpillars found. Root assessment for larval feeding will be made at three random locations in each field. We will inspect 5 consecutive root balls to assess root injury. In addition to major pests of corn, we will also sample for beneficial insects such as parasitoids and predators. Egg parasitoids of CEW and ECB include Trichogramma spp., and Telenomus spp. whereas larval parasitoids include Cotesia spp., and Campoletis spp. Predators typically feed on eggs and larvae of corn earworm and ECB. Some common predators in the corn system that will be assessed include the lady bird beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, lacewings, Chrysopa and Chrysoperla spp., minute pirate bug, Orius spp. and big-eyed bugs, Geocoris spp..
Monitoring data will be compared according to varieties analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Pest and beneficial insect counts will be transformed to ln (x+0.5) to normalize the distribution and homogenize the variances among before analysis. Treatment means will be separated by Tukey's HSD test. We will also t-tests to determine differences between our research plots and the grower standard. Co-PI Liburd will lead research activities and data analysis for objective 3.
We will develop Partial Budgets to compare selected chickpea varieties' cost-effectiveness in Years 2 and 3. Partial Budget Analysis (PBA) is a commonly used technique to assess the impact of quantifiable economic changes in both costs and returns in a farm enterprise (Kay et al., 1994). PBA compares the negative effects (i.e., estimated cost) and positive effects (i.e., estimated returns) of employing a new treatment relative to the cost and returns of a baseline treatment. Total effects are calculated by subtracting the estimated negative impact from positive effects attributed to a new treatment. The use of PBA is appropriate when evaluating and comparing the impact of alternative production techniques where there is a single variant (in our case, the dual-use chickpea as cash and cover crop) in the production system (Wossink and, Osmond, 2002). We will use the PBA format suggested by Dalsted and Gutierrez (1992).
Our analysis will account for changes in the structure of production costs, including operational costs (e.g., labor, machinery, and material) associated preharvest, harvest, and production stages of chickpeas. Data for this analysis will come from observations collected in field trials, public sources, and surveys available through federal and state/regional agencies, and the academic literature. To validate the degree of accuracy of cost and revenue estimates drawn from literature and market surveys, we will convene a panel of 6 growers and use the Delphi Method—a process which aims to achieve convergence of opinion on a specific question or topic (Linstone and Turoff, 2002; Okoli and Pawlowski, 2004).The results of the economic analysis will provide side-by-side cost-effectiveness comparisons of selected chickpea verities. Co-PI Ruiz-Menjivar will lead research activities for objective 4.
Active grower participation in the research process from conceptualization through implementation and outreach is critical to the success of this project. We use two specific activities to ensure that growers are aware of and informed about the project and that they play an active, decisive role in the development of the project.
The Advisory Council is a permanent governing body for the duration of the project that will meet bi-annually to assess overall results, discuss progress and impacts, and determine if the project plan requires adjustments. We will seek nominations from county and district Extension personnel and from individuals who have formal and informal leadership roles in their communities and who have collaborated previously with researchers and Extension from FAMU and UF. The AC will (1) provide targeted consensus-based input to refine and improve research activities and (2) detailed reviews of progress for each of the four research objectives. Dr. Swisher will facilitate the discussions to help ensure that the AC can reach consensus-based recommendations necessary to ensure scientific and methodological rigor, reduce research bias, and enhance research outcomes and the potential quality of findings. We will summarize the impact of these recommendations in the final project report.
The Field Research Assessments are conducted by small groups (maximum of 10 participants) who are convened ad hoc. We will conduct separate assessments for growers and for technical advisors. The participants first complete individual visual assessments of the treatments in the research setting. They know what treatments are used, but the plots are not labelled to prevent bias based on prior experience or knowledge. After the visual assessment, the groups learn what treatments they observed and also the research results to that time in the project. Extension and other personnel convene separately to make specific recommendations. We have used this technique successfully for the past five years to improve biological research outputs and identify critical factors that influence growers' assessments of alternative treatments. The output of these assessments is recommendations for ways to enhance the quality of our research, and these recommendations provide clear guidance about what aspects of our research are likely to be most "adoptable" by growers.
We will need Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval for the human subject research component of activities. We will use qualitative data analysis techniques to analyze the data, focusing on the themes and patterns of responses that are most important for project success. Our qualitative approach involves four steps that collapses original codes to a set of over-arching themes that capture the concepts that are shared by many, sometimes all, respondents. Reaching consensus is a challenging task for participants in both roles. Dr. Swisher has lengthy experience in facilitation, much of it with farmers and Extension agents, and she will lead the activities in objective 5.
Research results and discussion:
Year 1 (April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022):
The project aims to provide critical data regarding yield, varieties, and management practices for chickpea in the southeastern US, including its potential role in rotational corn-based rotational cropping systems.
Objective 1: Evaluate yield, nutritional quality and N-fixation of chickpeas integrated into corn cropping systems:
Germplasm characterization:
One hundred eight experimental chickpea lines and 9 commercial varieties (CDC Leader, CDC Orion, Sawyer Chickpea, Sierra Chickpea, CDC Palmer, CDC Frontier, New Hope, Royal Chickpea, Troy Chickpea) were planted on November 16, 2021. The plot size was 20 square ft. The trials were planted in alpha-lattice design with 2 replications. Data were collected on early ground cover (1-9 scale; 1=10%, 9=full ground cover); growth habit (1-5 scale; 1=completely upright, 5=prostate growth habit); % emergence; freeze damage (0-9 scale; 0=no leaf burning, 9=completely killed); days to 50% flowering (the time between planting and 50% of open flowers); Days to 50% podding (the time between planting and 50% of pods visible); biomass at 60 days after planting (Kg ha-1); shoot dry weight/plant (g); root dry weight/plant (g); root/shoot ratio; number of primary and secondary branches/plant; Ascochyta blight (0-9; 0 = none, 9 = severe); Alternaria leaf blight (0-9; 0 = none, 9 = severe); and Botrytis grey mold (0-9; 0 = none, 9 = severe). The estimation of N-content in shoot is currently underway. The drone based multi-spectral and thermal images were collected three times at different growth stages to estimate NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and CT (canopy temperature). NDVI data will provide early ground cover and progress on ward. CT will provide stress tolerance in different lines. Multi-spectral and thermal image data are currently under processing. The trials will be harvested in 2nd week of April 2022. At harvest, plant height, pods/plant, seed yield, and 100-seed weight data will be collected. After harvesting, total protein, digestible fiber, Fe, Zn, K and Mg in grains will be measured.
Ground cover (1-9)
Growth habit (1-5)
Freeze damage (0-9)
% Emergence
Days to 50% Flowering
Days to 50% podding
Biomass (Kg ha-1)
Shoot dry weight/plant (g)
Root dry weight/plant (g)
Root/shoot ratio
Number of primary branches
Number of secondary branches
Ascochyta blight (0-9)
Alternaria leaf blight (0-9)
Botrytis grey mold (0-9)
Table is showing mean, minimum, maximum and significance level for different traits. The genotypes showed significant variations for the measured traits. In general, experimental lines showed more prostrate growth at early state, higher emergence, better freeze tolerance, higher biomass, root and shoot dry weight compared to commercial checks grown in the USA. The mean primary and secondary branch count was similar between experimental lines and US commercial checks. Ascochyta blight, Alternaria leaf blight and Botrytis grey mold diseases were detected in the trials. Check varieties, CDC Orion, CDC leader and Sawyer showed high level of infection (5-6 rating out of 9) for Ascochyta blight. Multiple experimental lines showed high level of resistance (0 rating out of 9) to all three diseases. Though the experiment experienced multiple freezing events between mid-January to early March, many experimental lines showed minimum to no freeze injury. From the first-year study, we will select 5-6 chickpea lines for year 2 and 3 studies.
Objective 3: Measure insect and disease pressure in the rotational crops:
Measure insect and disease pressure in the rotated crops:
Insect sampling in the chickpea plots began on 13 January 2022 and will conclude on 24 March 2022. Three sampling techniques were employed: 1) in situ counts conducted every other, 2) pheromone baited wing traps checked weekly, and 3) unbaited yellow sticky traps placed in the field every other week.
During in situ counts, chickpea plants were checked for beet armyworm, Spodotera exigua, and corn earworn (Helicoverpa zea) caterpillars, leaf mines, and aphids. Other pests and beneficial insects seen on the plants were also recorded. Two plants in each of 30 randomly selected plots were sampled on each sampling date for a total of 60 plant. As of the 10 March sample. Few insects have been seen on chickpea plants. These included 4 aphids, 2 leaf mines, 5 leaf hoppers, a flea beetle, and a parasitoid wasp. A pod with two holes chewed in it was also noted.
Pheromone baited wing traps were used to monitor for beet armyworm and corn earworm moths. Nine traps were baited with each pheromone for a total of 18 traps. The sticky card in each trap was changed out weekly and the lure were replaced on 17 February. An average of 0 to 0.33 beet armyworm moths per trap were collected until 10 March when the number jumped to 1 beet armyworm moth per trap. Trends for the corn earworm moth were similar. An average of 0 to 0.22 corn earworm moths per trap was collected between 20 January and 24 February. Average corn earworm moths per trap increased to 0.56 and 1 on 3 March and 10 March respectively.
Thirty unbaited yellow sticky traps were deployed throughout the field to monitor for aphids, leaf miner flies (Liriomyza spp.), other pests, predators, and parasitoids. An average of 1.1 to 3.8 aphids per trap have been recorded so far. Leaf miner numbers have remained below and average of 1 per trap. Thrips were a common pest seen on yellow sticky traps with an average of 2.2, 2.4, 10.2, and 19.7 recorded from traps collected on 20 january, 3 February, 17 February, and 3 march respectively. Other pests noted included hoppers, flea beetles and an occasional whitefly. The most common predators were spider (Arachnida). Lady beetles (Coccinellidae), rove beetle (Staphylinidae), syrphid flies (Syrphidae), a big-eyed bug (Geocoris sp.), brown lacewings (Chrysomelidae) were also noted. An average of 4.4 and 7.6 parasitoid wasps per trap were collected each sampling week.
Major changes or problems?
The biggest challenge was determining what to sample. Chickpea is grown primarily in the Northern US. Therefore, some of its key pests are not present in Southern US. We sampled for corn earworm, H. Zea, because it occupies a similar niche in North America. Three species of Liriomyza that occur in Florida: American Serpentine Leafminer, L. trifolii, Vegetable Leafminer, L. sativae, and Pea Leafminer, L. huidobrensis, so we sampled for those.
Our research team is forming a 10-member Advisory Council (AC) to conduct biannual advisory council meetings and Field Research Assessments. The goal of the Advisory Council's work is to shorten the time between identifying stakeholders' challenges and opportunities and adopting innovations based on the findings.
Team meetings: we organized several team meetings to elaborate and review the documents necessary for our research activities (Advisory Council and Field Research Assessment) to create the list of the research participants and plan the research activities.
Research Documents/UF IRB Approval: we elaborated the informed consent, facilitator guide, and the Advisory Council's recruitment materials. We submitted those documents to the Institutional Review Board at the University of Florida (UF IRB) for approbation before recruiting the research participants. We now have full approbation from UF IRB to organize the Advisory Council.
Recruitment Process for the Advisory Council (AC): we created the first list of ten potential research participants for the Advisory council composed of farmers, extension personnel, distributors, and food processors. We have contacted all of them. 4 people (2 growers, a seed producer, and a minor crop expert) have agreed to participate, and we had six non-responses. We plan to do a follow-up to understand if the six remaining do not agree to participate. Then, we will create another list of potential participants to recruit ten members for the advisory council. Also, we planned to recruit our research participants via phone and email. We will now try to recruit in person and make this change in our protocol for the Institutional Review Board at the University of Florida (UF IRB) accordingly. We hope to organize our first Advisory Council in April 2022. We will make a field visit and organize a team meeting to elaborate our research instrument, informed consent, and recruitment materials and submit them to UF IRB for approval. Then, we will recruit the research participants, schedule, and perform the field research assessment.
We have also created facilitator guide for the Advisory Council
What we plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the project goals:
Year 2 (2022-2023)
Plant the selected chickpea varieties and one rye variety in rotation with corn at PSREU, Citra, FL and Florida A and M University (FAMU) Research and Extension Center, Quincy.
Assess chickpea varieties for yield, diseases and insect incidence, and N-fixation.
Assess N cycling, N mineralization, and the temporal release of N from chickpea residues over time during the rotational crop, corn, using traditional methods.
Assess soil health indicators, soil protein and permanganate-oxidizable C (POXC), before chickpea planting, after chickpea termination, and after corn harvest.
Setup an experiment at PSREU to trace 15N in the three most promising varieties. After harvesting of chickpeas, corn will be planted to evaluate N credits to corn, by tracing 15N from chickpea residues to the soil and corn.
Quantify the major corn pests including the corn earworm (CEW), European corn borer (ECB), and Southern corn rootworm (SCR). Additionally, beneficial insects such as parasitoids and predators will be monitored.
Assess corn yield, test weight, etc. at harvest.
Collect and analyze economic data.
Conduct biannual AC meetings.
The Field Research Assessments will be conducted by small groups (maximum of 10 participants) who are convened ad hoc.
Conduct separate assessments for growers and for technical advisors.
Conduct four quarterly meeting of project team members.
Present the data at the Florida Entomological Society, Entomological Society of America, ASA-CSSA Annual Meeting, Regional ASA meetings in 2022. We will also participate in upcoming field days and workshops.
Participation Summary
Educational & Outreach Activities
Participation Summary:
Education/outreach description:
The Extension component of this project has three target groups. The first is agricultural professionals working for state and federal agencies. Successful introduction of chickpea as a dual purpose crop will require that Extension personnel and other technical advisors have a thorough understanding of the potential benefits and risks to adopting this innovation so that they can assist farmers in developing a plan for adoption that will minimize risks. We will work with the leadership of the Florida Association of County Agricultural Extension Agents (FACAA) and the Florida Association of Natural Resources Extension Professionals (FANREP) to coordinate activities with agents throughout the state and we will present the results of the project at the annual meeting of the Extension Professional Associations of Florida. Other critical agencies include the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences (FDACS) and the Florida offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Farm Service Agency (FSA). We will invite representatives of these agencies, all of which have regional offices in the states, to the field days we offer and to the virtual seminars (see below). We will target specifically representatives who work in the north central and northwest extension regions where our research will occur and where conditions for chickpea production are greatest within Florida. We will provide these technical advisors (Extension and others) with in-depth training through virtual workshops, described below, that cover topics like how to develop realistic budgets for chickpea production or use as a cover crop, changes that may be needed in the timing of the cropping cycle, and potential problems related to pest, weed and disease management that may emerge with the introduction of a new crop into the farmer's farming operation.
The second and most important target population consists of farmers in Florida and neighboring states. Four farmers who are conducting on-farm trials will host 2-3 hour field days, one in North Central Florida in Year 2 and one in North Florida in Year 3. Drs. Ruiz and Swisher will work closely with the farmers and with the researchers on our team to develop active learning activities to enhance participant learning. For example, in other research we have completed pest identification activities at field days when new or emerging pests that farmers may not know well emerge during the trials. We will break participants into small groups based on similarities in their farming systems to participate in small-group discussions in which participants analyze the advantages and benefits of an innovation for their farming systems, and identify the potential pitfalls and barriers to adoption. We will also ask the president of the Florida Black Famers and Agriculturalists' Association to encourage members to participate in the planned field days and on-line workshops and webinars. This is a critical outreach component for us in part because Marion County, where PSREU is located, has the third greatest number of Black-owned farms of all counties in the United States (2012 Census of Agriculture data).
The third target audience consists of farmers and other agricultural professionals throughout the Southern region and potentially nationwide. In Y3, we will produce two webinars to present our findings and conclusions. We will first present these webinars through synchronous workshops focusing on individuals Extension and other agencies identified above. After completing these workshops, we will make the materials available for asynchronous viewing through the publicly accessible website of the UF Center for Sustainable and Organic Food Systems. We anticipate that our results will fuel interest and activities in the scientific and extension community. Thus, we propose to present our findings during the Tri-Societies (Crop Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America) conference in Year 3 of the project. Dr. Alex Bolques, collaborator on this project, will present out research at one of the Extension events conducted at the Florida A&M University (FAMU) Research & Extension Center in Quincy, FL. We will present our findings at the Southern Agricultural Workers Conference hosted by Tuskegee University and will invite Mr. Russell Bean, faculty member at Tuskegee University, to use our materials with our participation if needed through his on-going webinar series that attracts framers from the target geographic area of this project. We will develop a summary of the research results for the University of Florida extension publication service (EDIS) for use by county agents in Florida and publish our results in refereed journals devoted to agronomy and environmental management.
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Nausea and vomiting are not diseases, but rather are symptoms of many different conditions, such as infection, food poisoning or food allergy, motion sickness, overeating, blocked intestines, side effect of drug, pain, illness, pregnancy, concussion or brain injury, appendicitis, ulcers and migraines. Nausea and vomiting can sometimes be symptoms of more serious diseases such as heart attacks, kidney or liver disorders, central nervous system disorders, brain tumors, and some forms of cancer.
A person experiencing nausea should consult a doctor if it has been present for a week or longer, and the cause unknown or requires medical intervention. Vomiting usually subsides within 6 to 24 hours, and may be treated at home. You should see your doctor if home treatments are not working or dehydration is developing. If there has been any head injury followed by nausea/vomiting, consult a doctor immediately.
Standard anti-nausea medications often work through the central nervous system, causing drowsiness. Ginger isn't likely to cause this reaction, however, because it acts directly on the digestive tract. In studies of women undergoing major gynecological or exploratory (laparoscopic) surgery, those who took 1 gram of ginger before the procedure experienced significantly less postoperative reaction to anesthesia and surgery – namely, nausea and vomiting – than did those who were given a placebo. Ginger also may be useful in easing the nausea that frequently follows chemotherapy treatments.
Some people have experienced nausea and vomiting from exposure to Splenda (Sucralose).


text:
Rebellion-10 PM
2k+ Courage of the Spirit » by Velf Chihiro is 20 and at university. Her brush with the spirit world still influences her life today... (Extract- moved to Wattpad and AO3. See my profile for details.)
Spirited Away, T, English, Drama & Romance, chapters: 4, words: 2k+, favs: 3k+, follows: 629, updated: 6/20/2020 published: 7/1/2004, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
237 I, The Sacrifice » by HannieNannie (AU) Every village has a God they must appease. For Chihiro, she lives in the dreadful village of Shiroryu with an unpleasant past. As if things couldn't get worse, the village is attacked during the sacrificial festival! Whisked away while trying to escape, Chihiro stumbles into the hands of her village's River God – mistaken as a sacrifice.
Spirited Away, T, English, Romance & Drama, chapters: 38, words: 113k+, favs: 313, follows: 324, updated: 2/11/2019 published: 9/23/2013, [Chihiro O., Kohaku N.] Yuuko O., OC
56Remember Me » by turntoPaige394 For 13 years, Sen was dreaming of a river and catching glimpses of memories she no longer had. But even when Sen does manage to regain her memories & make it back to the Spirit World, she still doesn't recognize Haku. With Yubaba out for revenge, Sen is left with two choices: overcome Yubaba's magic or risk losing the only man she's ever loved. *ON HIATUS, WILL CONTINUE SOON*
Spirited Away, M, English, Romance & Drama, chapters: 18, words: 51k+, favs: 58, follows: 75, updated: 5/11/2017 published: 6/9/2014, Chihiro O., Kohaku N., Yubaba, Zeniba
35Return to the Spirit World » by HyoSonn It has been 10 years since Chihiro came home from her adventure in the Spirit World. Questions constantly pull at Chihiro's mind as she grows up. But she still remembers the promise the River Spirit Boy made to her; he said he would see her again, but what if he was just saying that? What if it never happened at all? Was it just a dream?
Spirited Away, T, English, Drama & Adventure, chapters: 15, words: 23k+, favs: 21, follows: 25, updated: 6/10/2015 published: 10/6/2014
12 Across the stream by ShimmersAndRipples Chihiro has an idea how to help those she loves. But she is just a human. Will she be able to wield the magic that she needs? Chihiro/Haku, one-shot.
Spirited Away, K+, English, Romance, words: 3k+, favs: 69, follows: 10, 1/25/2015, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
17 Dreamland by morninwarri0r [One-shot] She was just a girl, casually passing by Heaven every night in her sleep.
Spirited Away, K, English, Romance & Angst, words: 4k+, favs: 20, follows: 7, 12/28/2014, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
702 The Wait (ORIGINAL) » by morninwarri0r Chihiro is down with leukemia, and with her limited days left, all she desires is to return to the land of her dreams, but even after reuniting with everyone, how long can she stay with her friends, and most importantly, Haku?
Spirited Away, T, English, Romance & Hurt/Comfort, chapters: 52, words: 199k+, favs: 338, follows: 302, updated: 12/7/2014 published: 4/7/2013, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
12 All The Time In The World » by Myster M It has been ten years since Chihiro left the spirit world. Now Chihiro is sick. Very sick. All she wants is to see her other family one last time and tell the boy she once knew how she truly feels. But will time be on her side?
Spirited Away, T, English, Hurt/Comfort & Friendship, chapters: 2, words: 5k+, favs: 62, follows: 20, 11/17/2014, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
5 Entombed by werewolf714 Trapped in an ancient tomb Holo has to rely on her friend Lawrence to help her escape, he succeeds though it takes far longer then she could have imagined.
Spice and Wolf, T, English, Tragedy & Hurt/Comfort, words: 2k+, favs: 14, follows: 3, 11/10/2014, Holo, Kraft Lawrence, OC
37 Two Girls Against The Spirit World » by SideshowJazz1 Chihiro had an older sister, who was spirited away with her. While Chihiro was shy, awkward, spoilt and lazy, Arya was snarky, unsympathetic, arrogant and suspicious. If Chihiro learns responsibility, social skills and work ethic, what should her sister learn? And more importantly, will she return to the human world safely? Storyline of the movie with OC. Please, please review!
Spirited Away, K+, English, Family & Supernatural, chapters: 10, words: 12k+, favs: 65, follows: 33, updated: 8/21/2014 published: 6/17/2014, Chihiro O., OC
5 Over The Years by Fuyukichi Over the years, she had waited. She could feel him but couldn't see him. Yet, she was sure that she would be able to meet him again. She still believed in their promise.
Spirited Away, K+, English, Friendship & Romance, words: 732, favs: 15, follows: 2, 8/17/2014, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
5 In His Arms by Fuyukichi He hadn't wanted to release this hand. This hand was so precious for him. But he had let her go, with a promise. A promise to meet her again. But when he had been able to come in the Human World, it was too late. Yet it didn't mean that there was no hope left.
Spirited Away, K+, English, Romance, words: 654, favs: 21, follows: 5, 3/23/2014, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
6 Bad Day by Taiyou no Yume Bad days, these happen to everyone, Chihiro is no exception, nothing seems to be going right and will the appearance of a certain green haired man make it better, or worse?
Spirited Away, K+, English, Romance & Hurt/Comfort, words: 1k+, favs: 25, follows: 6, 10/22/2013, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
37 Author Of Dreams by morninwarri0r [One-Shot] The book 'Spirited Away' is Ogino Chihiro's childhood treasure, and her love for it has never changed after nearly a decade of reading it over and over again. And one day, she finally gets the chance to meet the author, but when she does, there seems to be something more behind this man's identity than just N.K.N.
Spirited Away, K, English, Romance, words: 5k+, favs: 122, follows: 14, 9/9/2013, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
7 Gomennasai by Candied Citrus Were the final words Haku spoke to Chihiro true? What if they weren't?
Spirited Away, K+, English, Angst & Romance, words: 774, favs: 14, follows: 3, 5/22/2013, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
13 Don't See Me Cry by Undeadmonkey8 A one-shot of the scene between Haku and Chihiro on the top of the steps at the end of the movie. If you don't like that pairing, don't read this story, but you may want to make an appointment with your psychologist. I do not own Spirited Away
Spirited Away, K, English, Romance, words: 733, favs: 34, follows: 8, 5/5/2013, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
53The Asylum » by kyolvr After Chihiro's adventure in the spirit world things went normally. There was only one big change; she's found herself in an insane asylum? full Description within.
Spirited Away, T, English, Drama & Fantasy, chapters: 9, words: 17k+, favs: 18, follows: 35, updated: 3/23/2013 published: 5/11/2010, Chihiro O.
58Wolf and War » by Vladimier Norton Many years have passed since Holo's travels with Lawrence. Alone now, Holo is forced into the Second World War. There she meets a strange Soldier who lookes like Lawrence. Could he be her descendent?
Spice and Wolf, T, English, Friendship & Hurt/Comfort, chapters: 16, words: 56k+, favs: 61, follows: 33, updated: 8/28/2012 published: 9/26/2011
8 Happy Birthday by Ai The Sherlockian Dragon My first Spirited away story. Birthday One-shot for now, may become a multi-chapter story. Sorry if it isn't very good. Please review thank you for reading guys.
Spirited Away, K, English, Romance & Humor, words: 1k+, favs: 10, follows: 8, 5/2/2012, Chihiro O., Kohaku N.
3 Thanks for the Memories by Feenie13 The team was always together, except for this night. Beauty never imagined he had to say good-bye to her. Gasser couldn't believe his eyes at the scene that unfolded...character death, possible OOC
Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, T, English, Hurt/Comfort, words: 726, favs: 4, 6/21/2011, Beauty, Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo
All CategoryBobobo-bo Bo-bobo (1)Castle in the Sky (1)On Your Mark (1)Polar Express (1)Spice and Wolf (2)Spirited Away (21)World War Z (1) Sort: Updated Sort: Pub Date Sort: Title Sort: Words Sort: Reviews