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Victim prefetching in a cache hierarchy
We present a "directory extension" (hereinafter "DX") to aid in prefetching between proximate levels in a cache hierarchy. The DX may maintain (1) a list of pages which contains recently ejected lines from a given level in the cache hierarchy, and (2) for each page in this list, the identity of a set of ejected lines, provided these lines are prefetchable from, for example, the next level of the cache hierarchy. Given a cache fault to a line within a page in this list, other lines from this page may then be prefetched without the substantial overhead to directory lookup which would otherwise be required.
Franaszek, Peter A. (Mount Kisco, NY, US)
Kunkel, Steven R. (Rochester, MN, US)
Lastras Montano, Luis Alfonso (Cortlandt Manor, NY, US)
Sawdey, Aaron C. (Cannon Falls, MN, US)
International Business Machines Corporation
711/E12.057, 711/E12.071, 711/E12.043
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YU, JAE UN
IBM CORPORATION (Yorktown, NY, US)
1. A processor-based system for aiding in prefetching between a first level cache and a second level cache, comprising: a directory extension operatively connected to the first level cache and the second level cache; wherein the directory extension stores an entry, the entry (a) identifying at least one page in the first level cache including at least one line that has been recently ejected, and (b) for each of the at least one page, indicating which of the at least one line is prefetchable from the second level cache.
2. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein at least one line that has been recently ejected comprises at least one line that has been ejected since the most recent insertion in the directory extension of another entry for the at least one page
3. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the second level cache is a level higher than the first level cache.
4. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the first level cache is a level 2 cache and the second level cache is a level 3 cache.
5. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the second level cache is a victim cache of the first level cache.
6. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein each cache line evicted from the first level cache is inserted in the second level cache, and wherein each line fetched into the first level cache from the second level cache is deleted from the second level cache.
7. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the at least one line is prefetchable from the second level cache if the at least one line is present in the second level cache.
8. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the entry further comprises a prefetch score, the prefetch score indicating which of the at least one line was referenced in a most recent visit to the first level cache.
9. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein if (a) an ejected line of an associated page is ejected from the first level cache in a castout, (b) the prefetch score indicates the ejected line was referenced in the most recent visit to the first level cache, and (c) the directory extension includes the entry for the associated page, then the entry is set to indicate that the ejected has been recently ejected and is prefetchable from the second level cache.
10. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein if (a) an ejected line of an associated page is ejected from the first level cache in a castout, (b) the prefetch score indicates the ejected line was referenced in the most recent visit to the first level cache, and (c) the directly extension excludes the entry for the associated page, then a new entry is created in the directory extension for the associated page in an appropriate level within the an equivalence class of the ejected line.
11. The processor-based system of claim 10, wherein the new entry is set to indicate that the ejected has been recently ejected and is prefetchable from the second level cache.
12. The processor-based system of claim 10, wherein if the equivalence class of the directory extension is full prior to creating the new entry, then a last recently created entry of the equivalence class is deleted.
13. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the entry is a vector, the vector including a plurality of entries, each of the plurality of entries representing one of the at least one line.
14. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein if a cache fault occurs in the first level cache for a requested line for an associated page, and if the directory extension includes the entry for the associated page indicating the at least one line is prefetchable from the second level cache, then the at least one line is prefetched into the first level cache from the second level cache.
15. The processor-based system of claim 14, wherein the at least one line prefetched into the first level cache is placed at an appropriate level within the an equivalence class of the at least one line.
16. The processor-based system of claim 15, wherein the equivalence class specifies that the at least one line is placed in the first level cache according to a least-recently-used ordering.
17. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein if an unavailable line of an associated page is unavailable in the second level cache, and if the directory extension includes the entry for the associated page, then the entry is updated to indicate that the unavailable line is unavailable to be prefetched from the second level cache.
18. The processor-based system of claim 17, wherein if the entry indicates that no line from the associated page is prefetchable from the second level cache, then the entry is deleted.
19. The processor-based system of claim 16, wherein the unavailable line is unavailable for at least one of: (a) a second level cache castout, (b) the unavailable line is fetched by another processor sharing the second level cache, (c) invalidation of the unavailable line by the another processor, and (d) a claim of exclusivity of the unavailable line by the another processor.
20. The processor-based system of claim 1, wherein the directory extension is stored on a processor chip.
21. A processor-based system for aiding in the prefetching between a first level cache and a second level cache, comprising: information associated with each line in the second level cache; wherein the information identifies whether the each was referenced in the most recent insertion of the each line into the first level cache.
22. The processor-based system of claim 21, wherein the information further identifies whether the each line is resident in the first level cache.
The present invention relates to computer storage management, and, more particularly, to victim prefetching in a cache hierarchy.
2. Description of the Related Art
Memory latency in modern computers is not decreasing at a rate commensurate with increasing processor speeds. This results in the computing device idly waiting for the system to fetch processes from the memory, thereby not fully taking advantage of the faster processor speeds.
Approaches to mitigating memory latency include multithreading and prefetching. The term "multithreading" refers to the ability of a processor to execute two programs almost simultaneously. This permits the processing of one program or "thread" while the other is waiting for data to be fetched. The term "prefetching," as used herein, traditionally refers to retrieving data expected to be used in the future. Each results in increased complexity, as well as increased off-chip traffic. In the case of multithreading, the increased traffic is due to decreased per thread cache capacity, yielding higher miss rates. Prefetching increases traffic by fetching data which is not referenced before castout. As used herein, the term "castout" refers to the process by which data is removed from the cache to make room for data that is fetched.
A number of approaches to prefetching are described in the prior art and/or are implemented in computer systems. These generally include the fetching of data based on currently observed access behavior such as strides (where accesses are to a series of addresses separated by a fixed increment), or via previously recorded access patterns, or by direct software instructions. Each of these approaches have some advantages. However, they either require increased program complexity (for software instructions), have problems dealing with nonregular access patterns (in the case of, for example, stride-based prefetching), or unnecessary complexity (in the case of, for example, recorded access patterns). Further, these earlier approaches do not utilize information readily available to the processor, namely the identity of recently discarded cache lines coupled with their status and location in the storage hierarchy.
In one aspect of the present invention, a processor-based system for aiding in prefetching between a first level cache and a second level cache is provided. The system includes a directory extension operatively connected to the first level cache and the second level cache; wherein the directory extension stores an entry, the entry (a) identifying at least one page in the first level cache including at least one line that has been recently ejected, and (b) for each of the at least one page, indicating which of the at least one line is prefetchable from the second level cache.
In another aspect of the present invention, a processor-based system for aiding in the prefetching between a first level cache and a second level cache is provided. The system includes information associated with each line in the second level cache; wherein the information identifies whether the each was referenced in the most recent insertion of the each line into the first level cache.
The invention may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a processor-based system implementing a directory extension, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 depicts a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method applying the directory extension of FIG. 1 on a L2 cache fault, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method applying the directory extension of FIG. 1 on a L2 castout, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 4 depicts a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method applying the directory-extension of FIG. 1 on deletions of a line from the L3 cache or invalidations of the line in the L3 cache, in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the systems and methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
It is to be understood that the systems and methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, firmware, special purpose processors, or a combination thereof. In particular, at least a portion of the present invention is preferably implemented as an application comprising program instructions that are tangibly embodied on one or more program storage devices (e.g., hard disk, magnetic floppy disk, RAM, ROM, CD ROM, etc.) and executable by any device or machine comprising suitable architecture, such as a general purpose digital computer having a processor, memory, and input/output interfaces. It is to be further understood that, because some of the constituent system components and process steps depicted in the accompanying Figures are preferably implemented in software, the connections between system modules (or the logic flow of method steps) may differ depending upon the manner in which the present invention is programmed. Given the teachings herein, one of ordinary skill in the related art will be able to contemplate these and similar implementations of the present invention.
In the exemplary embodiment of a storage management approach presented herein, a page is 4K bytes, and is divided into lines of 128 bytes. It should be appreciated that the page and lines sizes are presented solely for the sake of simplicity; other configurations may be used as contemplated by those skilled in the art. The unit of storage allocation in the caches is a line. Lines are fetched or discarded from the caches as a function of references by the processors in the system. The storage management approach described herein yields substantial performance gains over prior art approaches with little additional complexity and acceptable levels of traffic.
We present a "directory extension" (hereinafter "DX") to aid in prefetching between proximate levels in a cache or storage hierarchy. A cache hierarchy is a type of storage hierarchy. The DX may maintain (1) a list of pages which contains recently ejected lines from a given level in the cache hierarchy, and (2) for each page in this list, a set of ejected lines, provided these lines are prefetchable from, for example, the next level of the cache hierarchy. Given a cache fault to a line within a page in this list, the DX identifies other lines from this page which are advantageous to prefetch, and which may be prefetched without the substantial overhead to directory lookup which would otherwise be required. As used herein, the term "directory lookup" refers to the process where a cache directory is searched for the presence and status of a line. Such searches are expensive as they are time consuming and tie up the directory mechanism. It should be understood that lines to be prefetched, as identified by the above-described directory extension, could also be identified by additions to the standard directory. In the following, however, we concentrate our description on implementations using the extension.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, we propose a prefetch mechanism that exploits some properties of reference patterns, e.g., that parts of pages accessed together tend to be reaccessed in proximate time. For example, a cache level L(i) may be viewed as a mechanism which stores lines that have been referenced recently. 15 Similarly, the cache at the next level towards memory, typically cache level L(i+1), stores lines referenced somewhat less recently than in cache level L(i). References at cache level L(i) may then suggest that some items from cache level L(i+1) should be prefetched, such as other lines from the same page. Searching the cache directories for items missing from cache level L(i) but held in cache level L(i+1) can impose a substantial load on the cache directories. The structure we consider here alleviates this problem. It also permits the exploitation of other properties related to the desirability of prefetching a line. An example of this we consider here is that of noting which lines prefetched in the recent past were actually referenced.
Although not so limiting, the exemplary embodiment described herein presents the interface between a level two cache (hereinafter "L2") and a level three cache (hereinafter "L3"). As described herein in this exemplary embodiment, the L2 directory and contents, and the L3 directory are on the processor chip; the L3 contents are off-chip. It should be appreciated that other embodiments include the case where a single chip holds multiple processors, each with a private L2. It should further be appreciated that the DX, as described herein, is distinguishable from a victim cache, which stores recently discarded lines. Rather than holding the discarded cache lines (in this exemplary embodiment, a purpose served by the L3), the DX maintains a record of lines which may be advantageous to prefetch, based on their ejection or victimization. As used herein, the term "ejection" refers to the process where lines are removed from a cache as others are fetched. References which cause a prefetch are referred to herein as "prefetch events" or "PEs." Although not so limiting, the PEs described in the exemplary embodiments below correspond to cache faults. It should be understood that in alternate embodiments, PEs may correspond to more general events, such as references to a given page. As described herein, a line is prefetchable if it is present in L3. It should also be understood that information contained in the DX could be incorporated as part of the cache directories.
Generally, lines that are missing from a given cache level and have recently been referenced are likely to be in the next cache level. For example, lines missing from L2 are likely to be in L3. Thus, although not so limiting, it is desirable in this exemplary embodiment to limit L2 prefetches to lines held in L3, as the expense of mistaken prefetches from lower levels such as main memory may be too high. The prefetch of a line is termed mistaken if the line is not referenced before being ejected.
Given an L2 cache fault to a line in a given page, one can simply fetch all lines from the given page currently in L3 but not L2. One problem with this approach is the load imposed on the cache directories. For example, suppose the page size is 4K, and the line size is 128B. Thus, there are 32 lines in each page. The L3 cache directory is searched for the requested line, and both the L2 and L3 cache directories are searched for the other 31 lines. Performing such a search request can be quite costly for applications where typically only a modest fraction of lines from each page are present in the caches. Thus, servicing such search requests, as well as search requests for additional cache faults, is likely to cause substantial queuing delays for directory lookup. An additional consideration is that L3 directory lookups may be slow. Another problem with this approach is that it provides no way to identify which of the lines from this page are likely to be referenced. The present invention eliminates much of the directory lookup overhead, and provides a good quality of prefetching.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a processor-based system 100 is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 includes a processor chip 105. Included on the processor chip 105 are two processors: processor A and processor B. Processor A includes a private L1 cache A that is located on the processor A. Processor B includes a private L1 cache B that is located on the processor B. Processor A is associated with its own private L2 cache A, and processor B is associated with its own private L2 cache B. Also included on the processor chip 105 is a L3 cache directory associated with off-chip L3 cache contents. The system 100 further includes a main memory.
The system 100 includes DX-A (i.e., directory extension A) associated with processor A and L2 cache A, and a DX-B (i.e., directory extension B) associated with processor B and L2 cache B. A directory extension may be an n-way set associative cache. Although not so limiting, in the present exemplary embodiment, the DX-A and the DX-B are 8-way set associative caches. Each equivalence class in the DX contains "entries" or tags for the n pages in this equivalence class that have most recently had an ejection of a line, and for each such entry, a victim vector ("VV") described below. As used herein, the term "equivalence class" refers to the set of lines which can be mapped to the eight locations referred to above.
In one embodiment, a VV is a 32 bit vector that holds the identity of lines ejected from the L2 cache (but not necessarily referenced) during a current visit of this entry (as defined above) into the DX, and whether the ejected lines are present in L3. For example, the ith bit in the victim vector is 1 if the ith line in the corresponding page has been ejected from L2, and is present in L3. In a second embodiment, we may modify the VV from the above as a function of what we term a "prefetch score." In the current implementation, the prefetch score is 1 if the line was referenced in the most recent visit to L2, and is zero otherwise. Thus, the ith bit in the VV is 1 if the ith line in the corresponding page has been ejected from L2, is present in L3, and has a prefetch score of, 1. In each of the above examples, the ith bit in the VV is 1 only if the line in question has not been invalidated, or otherwise rendered non-prefetchable by another processor. As noted above, a suboptimal alternative to our preferred embodiment would include the above information in L3 directory entries associated with individual lines. Thus, given an L2 fault, L3 entries for other lines in this page can be scanned and prefetched, if appropriate.
Although the embodiments described above prefetch from the next level in a cache hierarchy, it should be appreciated that the DX can be used for prefetching from other levels, as contemplated by one skilled in the art.
We now described in detail exemplary implementations of a VV in a processor-based system. The processor-based system may be similar to the one illustrated in FIG. 1. The L3 cache (i.e., the directory and contents combined) is a victim cache of the L2 cache. That is, each line that is evicted from the L2 cache is immediately inserted in the L3 cache, assuming the line is not in the L3 cache already. Further, as a line is fetched into the L2 cache from the L3 cache, the line is deleted from the L3 cache. As previously stated, the prefetch events herein are simply cache faults.
Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary method applying a directory extension on a L2 cache fault is illustrated, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed here that an L2 cache fault has occurred. That is, a requested line for an associated page is not present in the L2 cache. On the L2 cache fault, it is determined (at 205) whether the requested line is present in the L3 cache. If the requested line is present in the L3 cache, then it is fetched (at 210) from the L3 cache. If the requested line is not present in the L3 cache, then it is fetched (at 215) from the main memory. Concurrently, the DX is accessed to determine (at 220) whether it has an entry (e.g., a tag) for the associated page. Concurrency is beneficial as it minimizes delays. If the entry is not found, the method terminates (at 225). If the entry is found, lines with Is in the VV are prefetched (at 230) into the L2 cache from the L3 cache. The related page tag is removed (at 235) from the DX.
Lines that are prefetched into the L2 cache are placed at an appropriate level within their respective equivalence class. For example, in a cache where entries in an equivalence class are ordered according to how recently they have been used or referenced, in one embodiment, the least recently used ("LRU") position may be chosen.
Referring now to FIG. 3, an exemplary method applying a directory extension on a L2 castout is illustrated, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed here that a L2 castout has occurred. That is, a line ejected from L2 is written back to L3. The ejected line is included in an associated page. It is determined (at 305) whether a prefetch score for the ejected line is equal to one. If the prefetch score for the ejected line is not equal to one, then the method terminates (at 310). If the prefetch score for the ejected line is equal to one, then it is determined (at 315) whether a VV entry for the associated page is in the DX. If the entry is present in the DX, then the VV entry (e.g., a bit) corresponding to the associated page in the DX is set (at 320) to 1. If the entry is not present in the DX, then is determined (at 325) whether the equivalence class of the associated page in the DX is full. If the equivalence class is full, then the least recently created entry in the equivalence class is deleted (at 330). After either steps 325 or 330, a VV entry is created (at 335) in the DX for the associated page at the most recently used or ejected position in the equivalence class of entry. Following step 335, the VV entry (e.g., a bit) is set (at 320) to 1.
Referring now to FIG. 4, an exemplary method applying a directory extension on deletions of a line from the L3 cache or invalidations of the line in the L3 cache is illustrated, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It is assumed here that a line is unavailable for one of the three following reasons: (1) an L3 castout; (2) the line was fetched by another processor sharing the L3 cache; or (3) invalidation or claim in exclusive mode by another processor. The associated page for this line is the page of which this line is a part. For each DX on the processor chip, it is determined (at 405) whether a VV entry for the associated page is in the DX. If the VV entry for the associated page is not in the DX, then the method terminates (at 410). If the VV entry for the associated page is in the DX, then the VV corresponding to the requested line is updated (e.g., the bit corresponding to the line is set to zero) (at 415). It is determined (at 420) whether all the VV entries for the associated page are zero. If all the VV entries for the associated page are not zero, then the method terminates (at 425). If all the VV entries for the associated page are zero, then the entry for this page is deleted from the DX.
If a line is declared invalid, or claimed exclusive by another processor, the entry for this line in the DX is set to zero. If all the VV entries for the associated page are zero, the entry for this page is deleted from the DX.
It should be appreciated that the L3 cache management is unchanged by prefetching. That is, lines fetched or prefetched into the L2 cache are deleted from the L3 cache. Lines ejected from L2 cache are placed in the most recently used ("MRU") position in their respective equivalence class in L3.
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.
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Q: Correspondence between Weil divisor and Cartier divisor on normal varieties Let $X$ be normal singular projective variety over complex number, and $D$ be a Weil divisor on $X$. Is there an integer $n>0$ such that $nD$ is actually a Cariter divisor? If not, under  what condition on singularities  that is true, except the smoothness? Thanks in advance!

A: In general, the answer is "no." The simplest counterexample is the projective cone $V$ over a smooth cubic curve $C$ in $\mathbb P^2$. By some exercise or another in Hartshorne, Cl $V \cong$ Pic $C$, where the isomorphism comes from taking rulings over points in $C$. On the other hand, Pic $V$ is just $\mathbb Z\cdot \mathscr O(1)$. Anyway, the point being that if you take the ruling over a point of infinite order in the group law, no multiple of it is ever get a Cartier divisor.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This season in the Non League Premier Divisions (England), Royston Town FC stats show they are performing Average overall, currently placing them at 48/88 in the Non League Premier Divisions Table, winning 39% of matches.
On average Royston Town score 1.39 goals and concede 1.34 goals per match. 44% of this Royston Town's matches end with both teams scoring and their average total goals per match is 2.73.
• Royston Town has scored a total of 57 goals this season.
• Royston Town has conceded a total of 55 goals this season.
Over 7.5 ~ 13.5 Corners are calculated from total corners in a match that Royston Town FC has participated in the 2018/19 season of Non League Premier Divisions.
Royston Town FC's stats indicate that ?% of their matches accumulated over 9.5 total corners. While 2018/19 season of Non League Premier Divisions has an average of ?% for over 9.5.
?% of Royston Town FC's matches had over 3.5 cards. Compared to this, Non League Premier Divisions has an average of ?% for over 3.5 cards.
Over 2.5 ~ 8.5 Corners For are calculated from corners that Royston Town FC has won during a match.
Royston Town FC has won over 4.5 corners in ?% of their matches.
Over 0.5 ~ 6.5 Cards Received are calculated from cards that Royston Town FC has received during a match.
Royston Town FC received over 2.5 cards in ?% of their matches.
Over 2.5 ~ 8.5 Corners Against are calculated from corners that Royston Town FC's opponent has won during a match.
Over 0.5 ~ 6.5 Cards Opponent are calculated from cards that Royston Town FC's opponent has received during a match.


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Enjoy a printable download of the 2nd annual edition of BEEF magazine's Seedstock 100, a listing of the top seedstock producers in the beef industry ranked by bull sales volume. This BEEF exclusive listing is a who's who of the U.S. beef seedstock industry. Please click on the link below and register to download the PDF file.


Why: I want to prove, mostly to myself, that I can do this. More than that, I want to keep up my remote business and make this more of a lifestyle. I believe that you don't have to live exactly within the normal path. If you want to bike along the coast for months on end... there are ways to make it possible. I also enjoy the physical challenge of the trip, but ultimately, the biggest reason? This is going to be fun as heck!
How: I'll be taking everything I need with me on my bike. This will include by laptop which I'll be using to work remotely on the way. On the way I'll be mainly camping, but about once a week I'll sleep in a bed and charge up all my devices and power banks. This is the longest bike trip I've ever taken and I look forward to pushing myself to new limits.
This is NOT a race. If it were, I wouldn't win. Instead, this is a personal trip and I intend to take time to enjoy meeting people and seeing new cities.
A large reason this is possible is because of the Adventure Cycling Association. This January, I won an award through them that gave me the gear and gumption to take on a feat like this. I'm extremely grateful for their support.
For more reading, check out my blog.


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Mark J "An Everyday World" to Release in April!
Gozpul Music Group, LLC (GMG) announces the new album release for Mark Johnson, better known by hip-hop fans as Mark-J, An Everyday World. This follow-up to 2007's SOULutions, An Everyday World hits the streets April 21st, 2009.
Mark J is an independent artist's dream. His journey has taken him into the recording studio with many very prominent artists in the Christian music industry, including Canton Jones, KJ-52, John P. Kee and many more. The New York-born, Atlanta-based artist has had the opportunity to tour the globe, bringing his signature charisma and polished performance to stages across the world. Now, he brings his talents to An Everyday World, his heavily anticipated new album from Gozpul Music Group.
This album features 17 gems, with Mark J delivering his most creative assembly of new material to date. As Big Earl, President of Gozpul Music Group shares, ""We decided to give the consumer more music than what is being offered by the average record." Listeners will immediately notice the difference when they hear the influences of reggae, soul, electric, rock and pop mixed in with Mark J's deep hip-hop roots. Adding to the universal sound of the album, some of Mark's friends and fellow artists, including Eric Cross, Ewoyn, Nova, Conrad and Le'Crea, make appearances. This is an album not to be missed. More than ever, Mark-J's passion for Christ is on full display. He says, "Listeners will get a small glimpse of my heart. They should be able to hear, feel and see my call to encourage, exhort and preach the Word of God (the Holy Bible) through (music), and with that, open their hearts as they realize Christ is real."
The album features the work of some of the best Urban Christian music producers today, including Tony Stone, G-Styles (Lecrae, 116 Clique, Trip Lee), Juice 20/20 (R-Swift, Tonic, Sho Baraka, DJ Morphiziz) and up-and-coming beatsmith J'Pierre. An Everyday World finds Mark J digging deeper into his daily relationship with God, unearthing gems of truth he unabashedly shares in this 17-song collection. This release features songs "Merge," "Enmity," "Hold This Line," "Luv Thing" (a soulful meditation on the greatness of God) and more. When asked about "Merge," one of the album's standout tracks, Mark-J shared his heart, saying, "I wanted to somehow get through to people who can't associate merging how they live with what they believe." The song is a clarion call to all who hear to live a life of integrity and honor before God. A video for the single is slated to go into production in the coming weeks, featuring the skills of music video director Brandon "Dash" Brinkley (Urban D, Da' Truth, Rawsrvnt, Group 1 Crew) of Crossover Church.
In "Emnity," (featuring CONRAD), Mark-J said, "This song was inspired by people who justify everything to live a life of spiritual complacency… never really going all the way with Christ because they're holding onto the world." Indeed, this desire to run from complacency is most evident in the track "Darfur Dreams," a song inspired by Mark J's recent trip to Seattle Pacific University to attend a symposium on the Darfur crisis. "I was floored and in tears (because of) what I heard… I felt convicted and compelled to write this song to help bring about awareness of the tragedies…" he says. That conviction led to "Darfur Dreams" becoming a part of An Everyday World in the hope that it would inspire involvement and change from those who heard it. "Hold This Line" also follows this same theme of living out belief in God, no matter the cost. Mark-J is not content to sit on the sidelines, complacently. He is an artist who lives life head-on, tackling challenges while chasing after God. Indeed, this seems to be the heart and soul of this brilliant and soulful album.
Pre-order today at Qualityjunk.com
An Everyday World hits streets April 21st, 2009. To here music from the album or for more information, visit Mark-J at www.markjonline.com or www.gozpul.com.
TagsgozpulhearincludingmarkSho Baraka
Album Cover Design
Syntax Records Presents: The Peanut Butter & ...
The 'Christian Rapper' argument has been settled…for now
Lecrae 'Church Clothes 2' Release Date Revealed
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Thriving Frequency Conference 2017: Workshops, Sessions, & Performance from Sho Baraka
Dare theCreator Celebrates Little Wins with New Single, 'Everything Lit'
In continuation of his dedication to outstanding music creativity, dynamic rapper Dare theCreator has announced the release of his second single of 2020, "Everything Lit." The single which is a follow-up to the critically acclaimed "Positive Vybe," the rapper's first single of the year, is produced by Cyborg and released through Uppa Ruum Studios. Everything Lit incorporates elements of Afro-pop and reflects the zest of the creative junky. The single celebrates Dare the Creator's wins against all odds as he displays his masterful ability to play with words. The single is supported with top-class animated visuals. On his idea behind […]
XL Boot Camp Carves a Lane for Christian Women Creatives
On October 24th, some of the most influential and powerhouse Christian creatives will share their expertise in XL (Excel) Boot Camp, a creative workshop for Christian women creatives who specialize in music, media, and visual arts. Boot Camp speakers include Filmmaker, Christina Faith; recording artist, Wande; Content Creator, Glen 'Beleaf' Henry; Musician and Content Creator, Ruslan Karaoglanov; Digital Brand Specialist, Neesh Rose, (client roster: Yandy Smith, Mz. Skittles, etc.) and many more. While XL was originally planned as an in-person Bootcamp, event organizer, and ARTSO Indulge CEO & Founder, Trisha Bell reimagined the experience to virtually expose resources and tools […]
Bible VR To Add Christian Concerts to Its Newly Released App
Bible VR announced plans to add live music concerts and events to their VR app. This will allow fans to directly experience beloved artists in concert through 3D virtual reality using the Bible VR app on their smartphone and any VR headset such as Google Cardboard.
Lucid signs with Prestine Records, releases "Odd Sheep" music video with Emye
Prestine Records is proud to announce the signing of Daytona Beach native HipHop artist, Lucid. After befriending Emye, Lucid worked close with the Prestine family in laying the groundworks and foundations for the young label without asking for anything in return.
Beacon Light releases 'Color Blind' music video about racism
From Donald Trump not immediately disavowing his allegiance to the KKK, to Chris Rock's opening monologue at the Oscars, racism has continued to be a dividing issue in the United States. Unfortunately, the church reflects many of the same racial tensions our country has struggled with since its beginning. Beacon Light is an artist who is passionate about bringing healing to these tensions.

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LeVar Burton relaunches PBS's, 'Reading Rainbow' through Kickstarter campaign
It seems like it was only yesterday the Public Broadcasting Service single-handedly revolutionized education as we knew it. In 1982, jazz vocalist and former Rufus frontwoman, Chaka Khan, was asked by PBS composer, Steve Horelick to write and compose a children's record for PBS's upcoming program pertaining to reading and American literature. The introduction of the show gently began with an animated butterfly gracefully fluttering in alluring daylight leaving a trail of the spectrum of light. We later discover that the butterfly is in fact a figment of a child's imagination that just so happens to be lying aimlessly on a tropical beach where we are then delightfully greeted by the tender voice of the Queen of Funk herself, Khan. As Khan enlightens us with her dynamic range, the butterfly quickly transforms into a multitude of creatures and beings such as dragons and astronauts, somewhat stylized in the same vein as "The Yellow Submarine" or "Cool World." To much avail, it was that very moment "Reading Rainbow" was born in 1983. If it isn't enough to be considered second nature by now, the thematic composition of "Reading Rainbow" is along the same lines as "DuckTales" and "Animaniacs," being perhaps Khan's crowning achievement as she famously coos, "Butterfly in the sky. I can go twice as high. Take a look.It's in a book. A Reading Rainbow. I can go anywhere. Friends to know and ways to grow. A Reading Rainbow. I can be anything. Take a look. It's in a book. A Reading Rainbow. A Reading Rainbow."
For those who can remember as far back as I can, "Reading Rainbow" was one of the very first educational television programs to firmly emphasize reading through visual learning and scholarly apprehension. Its educational agenda was simply inspiring enough to encourage its adolescence to visit local libraries and book stores in order to grasp a wealth of knowledge and understanding for the program's subject matter. Created under the tutelage of husband and wife duo, Dr. Cecily Truett Lancit and Larry Lancit, at Lancit Media Productions in New York, the brilliant concept of a reading series for children was conceived by Dr. Twila Liggett and film engineer, Paul Schupbach,of the Great Plains National Instructional Television Library at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
Since its grand inception in 1983, the growing sponsorship of "Viewers Like You" ultimately solidified "Reading Rainbow's" eminence as an educational program, being the third-longest running children's series in PBS history alongside longtime frontrunners, "Sesame Street" and "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood." In a span of approximately 23 years, the public television series took home the gold after the program garnered over 200 broadcast awards, including a Peabody Award and 26 Emmy Awards, 11 of which were in the "Outstanding Children's Series" category. From its colorful and highly recognizable logo to its charming and charismatic host, LeVar Burton,"Reading Rainbow" was one of PBS's finest masterstrokes, drawing an array of high-profiled guests such as Kermit the Frog and Run-D.M.C., motivating in-house crossovers, cementing a national following, and becoming an enormous corpus in popular culture.
After nearly three decades on the air, PBS sadly trimmed the show's funding in 2006 and shortly cancelled the series entirely in 2009 after the network experienced financial woes in 2005. According to Burton, who was the program's executive producer during the final years of "Reading Rainbow," PBS's sister channel, PBS Kids which carried the series, was shut down effectively on September 24, 2005, in favor of a new commercial cable and satellite joint venture known commonly today as PBS Kids Sprout, which was developed in partnership with Comcast who later seized complete control of the publicly-traded network via NBC Universal. "Reading Rainbow's" stock also greatly plummeted when the program could not hold water in prime time by itself when soft-spoken television host, Fred Rogers tragically passed away after being diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2002 nearly a year after "Mister Rogers Neighborhood" halted production. Rogers' untimely death overshadowed "Reading Rainbow" when PBS felt morally obligated to heavily syndicate "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" fearing the network would lose appeal that their most prioritized show maintained for the past 34 years. The cancellation of "Mister Rogers Neighborhood" ultimately afflicted "Reading Rainbow's" time slot and after the ensuing arrival of animated programs based on popular children's storybook series, "The Bernstein Bears" and "Thomas & Friends," it was soon evident that "Reading Rainbow" could no longer anchor the network in the fashion the former had. The competition from animated television verse the expensive production of live-action footage spelled doom for "Reading Rainbow"and was unfortunately shown the door as an end result.
In the years following "Reading Rainbow's" termination in 2006, cries for renewal stemmed after PBS Kids dissolved. After the show was removed from syndication on PBS's morning lineup in 2009, the network felt it was necessary to commission "Reading Rainbow" for a home video re-release like it did years prior. When "Reading Rainbow" found a niche on VOD providers, NetFlix, and electronic stores bearing Blu-Ray and DVD tags in the early 2010s, the show managed to find new life, adding to growing speculation that PBS would reactivate the program. In a rare media appearance, LeVar Burton confirmed on his Twitter feed on March 19, 2010, that "Reading Rainbow 2.0 is in the works," a form of application software that would carefully take the curriculum and itinerary of the original series, making it assessable and compatible to smart phone and tablet users. On March 4, 2012, Burton announced that it was the "last day of shooting before launch!" On June 13, 2012, in a special presentation at Apple Inc's annual World Wide Developers Conference, Burton and his business partner, Mark Wolfe, introduced the new "Reading Rainbow iPad App" to its board of directors. "Reading Rainbow 2.0" quickly became available to the public in Apple's iTunes Store on June 20, 2012, and within a gap of 36 hours it was ranked the number educational app in the U.S. In January 2014, the "Reading Rainbow 2.0" surpassed 10 million books read and video field trips watched by children in 18 months.
As of October 3, 2014, "Reading Rainbow 2.0" currently remains atop of the list as the nation's go-to educational application and overall Kids App for iPads. "Reading Rainbow 2.0" continues to inspire new generations of readers in children throughout the world despite having not been on the air for over eight years, but is that truly enough to improve education in America? Burton thinks not.
Being one of the show's most vocal and proudest defenders, Burton has made it abundantly clear that he was on a virtuous conquest to bring "Reading Rainbow" back to the center stage of national television since its network pulling. In what he believes is one of the greatest priorities in enlightenment and literacy, Burton has sermonized the demand and necessity of "Reading Rainbow" for the past four years. On May 28, 2014, Burton started a Kickstarter campaign to revive the series and its assembly. In under 12 hours or less the campaign had successful reeled in a whopping $1 million earning. According to Burton, the campaign's new objective is to create an educational version of the series for institutional usage, completely free of cost to schools desperately in need, and furthermore helping America position itself towards high literacy rates which currently stand at "below basic" for both children and adults.
In Burton's Kickstarter tutorial, the former "Star Trek" lieutenant commander identified the three key watermarks the campaign needed to reach in order for "Reading Rainbow" to be renewed by PBS. The first objective is to develop a web-enabled "Reading Rainbow" for home users, the second objective was to create a classroom version with erudite tools teachers can succeed with and last but not least the final objective subsidizes costs so institutions can operate the program without spending a single dime. The campaign is also tinkering around with a website for daily student assistance services. The campaign reached the $1,000,000 goal on May 28 just before 8 p.m. EST, less than 12 hours after the movement had launched. The following day, May 29, 2014,Burton's campaign reached two million dollars doubling their initial goal at 1:15 p.m. PST. The campaign raised $5,408,916 on Kickstarter with another one million from, "Family Guy" creator, Seth MacFarlane, and $70,000 raised via direct contributions. The grand total is $6,478,916. With 105,857 backers, the campaign holds Kickstarter's record for most backers and is the 5th highest amount raised on Kickstarter in its history as a company.
Beyond the Kickstarter campaign, the valiant efforts to refinance "Reading Rainbow" alone speak volumes in contrast to any charity in America. There is so much truth to the renowned underwriting spot, "Viewers Like You" that has been running simultaneously for the past 29 years especially in regards to the funding of "Reading Rainbow." It is a common announcement seen before PBS programming that simply asserts that the network only functions appropriately when government and public funding is involved. Without civic backing from viewers such as our children, families, and even our government officials, shows such as "Sesame Street" and "Reading Rainbow" would be virtually nonexistent.
In Big Daddy Kane's defining 1989 record, "Children R the Future," the Brooklyn MC addresses the value of such educational television shows during his childhood in the 1970s and the impact it has bared on later generations. "On and on and on and on, I say the beat don't stop until the break of dawn. Nor does the growth of our young world. Yes the children, be building, each boy and girl. Cause you are the cream of the planet Earth. The new birth, now take that for what it's worth. And give the child room, to blossom and bloom. Living large, it's your destiny to consume," raps Kane in a modest tone. Like the warmth of Burton's presence on "Reading Rainbow," Kane hints that he can and will make a difference no matter how big or small, whether he is Fred Rogers or Captain Kangaroo. What Kane ultimately alludes however is the wealth of a nation is not so much in its of economical and natural resources but it lies more decidedly in the kind and quality of the wealth of its children and youth. It is they who will be the creators and shapers of a nation's tomorrow. The children of today will be adults of tomorrow. Today's leaders and activists. Their quality and personality will determine the kind of destiny that beackons the nation. Therefore, it becomes mandatory for every nation and every society to nurture a strong, healthy and intellectual youth.
In order for us to make a difference in the sense of propounding knowledge into a new body of American children, we must borrow criteria from the past and Burton's formula of "Reading Rainbow" is a perfect example of pressing scholarly enhancement. With all the garbage on television, our nation needs more intelligent programming like "Reading Rainbow," because when our tax dollars are being submitted to filth such as "Keeping Up With the Kardashians" and "Duck Dynasty" you wonder why American literacy scores are rapidly declining. LeVar Burton inspired nearly three waves of children growing up in the 20th Century when "Reading Rainbow" commenced 31 years ago and with our help, millions of students and school-deprived minds can thankfully receive the proper utilities to succeed in this rat race world we live in. The Kickstarter campaign puts the program back on the right track and as does the iPad application but like Burton previously said, it's still not enough. As Burton puts it, "nothing is enough until Reading Rainbow is available to every child everywhere," going as far as promising he would personally autograph memorabilia from his "Star Trek" and "Roots" days to showing up to homes across the country to read stories to children of assorted families. With that being said, we have the ability to change the world and reshape this generation's level of enlightenment in such a profound and unimaginable fashion by donating to "Reading Rainbow's" Kickstarter campaign, however to quote my childhood icon, "You don't have to take my word for it."
Drew Mattiola is a third-year student majoring in communication studies. He can be reached at RM814408@wcupa.edu.
So It Goes.
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Roger Holden says:
The PBS Reading Rainbow feature books were even digitally produced in 1983! See how that was done at http://www.rainbowcybercamguy.com


We've been following a pretty neat series running by NPR this week. It is interesting, informative, and explains the problems young adults are having with their finances while attending college. Click here for the articles!
Next Next post: Stay Cool For Less!


A Sound of Thunder (2005) is a sci-fi movie focusing on the matter of time travel and disastrous chain reaction that alters the history of evolution.
Synopsis: In 2055, Charles Hatton (Ben Kingsley) has made a fortune by founding 'Time Safari', which offers rich 'big game hunters' short-time travels to kill off dinosaurs just before their natural death.
When Dr. Travis Ryer (Edward Burns) notices the weather and wildlife are not behaving as usual, he consults Dr. Sonia Rand (Catherine McCormack), the contractually invisible inventor of the supercomputer Tami which controls the time travel system. They soon face 'time waves', each worsening the effects in 2055 of evolutionary distortions, lower lifeforms first. They attempt to identify and rectify the past alteration, but each attempt gets harder in their distorted present.
The storyline sounds very interesting and promising. Unfortunately, the special effects are unbelievably poor and fake for a sci-fi movie! The moment the first special effects are shown on the screen, I know this movie is doomed. To make matters worse, lifeless and unreal performance from the cast doesn't do the movie much justice. Ben Kingsley is good but he alone couldn't save the entire production. That's quite sad.
Well, according to Wikipedia and if the information is accurate, the movie was planned originally for a 2002 release. However, flooding in Prague (where the production was filmed) and other financial difficulties, including the bankruptcy of the original production company during post-production resulted in a delayed release. Now, that's really unfortunate.
I wonder if there will be remake of this movie by production houses with good special effects expertise, and perhaps an entirely new casting? I still think a movie with such promising storyline and premise deserves a better chance. Serious.


Lead Water Main? Know your Options | Ken Neyer Plumbing, Inc.
How do I know I have a lead water line?
If your home was built before 1986, it probably has some lead piping in it, and perhaps in the water main. There are a few ways to check on this. The City of Cincinnati has a website of maps where you can check on the presence of lead water mains.
You can also do this test: Go to your water meter and determine which side is the incoming side of the water main. Expose the metal of this pipe (if it has wrapping on it) and then scratch the surface using a penny. If you still see a dull gray coloring, it means you have a galvanized steel water main. This isn't an ideal metal and will eventually need replacement, but it doesn't post any lead hazards. If you see a copper color, you have a copper water main. If you see a shiny metal color—you have a lead water main.
You can also schedule water testing for your house to find if there is lead in the water supply.
What do I do if I have a lead water main?
There are ways to reduce your exposure to lead: only using cold water for cooking and drinking (boiling water does not remove lead), regularly flushing out the pipes before using them, and changing aerators in faucets.
But these steps have only a minor effect. The best options to reduce your family's exposure to lead is to install a whole-house water filtration system that is certified for lead removal or to have the old lead water main replaced with copper.
We handle both services, and you can get in contact with us to find out the best method to ensure your family's health is protected.
We strongly recommend replacing the water line if you can. The portion of the water main that runs under your property is your responsibility, not the public utility company's. You will have to arrange for replacing the line with our plumbers. However, we can make this process fast and unobtrusive—we use trenchless technology to replace underground pipes without needing to tear up your yard for a few days.
You can trust all your needs for plumbing in Covington, KY. If you have any questions about possible lead exposure in your home, please give us a call.
Ken Neyer Plumbing, Inc. has served Greater Cincinnati and the surrounding Tri State area Since 1972. Schedule water main service today.


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Hans Willikens (* 1880; † nach 1945) war ein preußischer Offizier und Landrat im Kreis Alfeld.

Leben
Willikens diente im Ersten Weltkrieg als Hauptmann und Kommandeur der Feldluftschifferabteilung Nr. 6. Später wirkte er als Referent für die Luftschiffertruppe beim Kommandierenden General der Luftstreitkräfte. 1918 ernannte man ihn zum Stabsoffizier der Inspektion der Luftschiffertruppe. 1920 verließ er als Major die Reichswehr und war dann im väterlichen Betrieb kaufmännisch tätig. 1927 wurde Willikens Mitglied der NSDAP und amtierte als Gaugeschäftsführer für das Gau Südhannover-Braunschweig. Seit 1933 wirkte er vertretungsweise bzw. ab dem 22. September 1933 als kommissarischer Verwalter und ab 1. November 1933 definitiv als Landrat des Landratsamtes Alfeld.

Einzelnachweise

Landrat (Provinz Hannover)
NSDAP-Mitglied
Major (Reichswehr)
Person im Ersten Weltkrieg (Deutsches Reich)
Preuße
Deutscher
Geboren 1880
Gestorben im 20. Jahrhundert
Mann

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Huggies puts fathers on diaper packages for the first time
Girl, 9, dies after being electrocuted by wire from pool light that was under repair
Man punches own attorney in face after he gets 47 years in prison, officials say
Cuyahoga County Sheriff Dept.
FOX NEWS - An Ohio man stunned a courtroom Tuesday after he reportedly sucker-punched his defense attorney just moments after he was sentenced to 47 years in prison.
Judge Nancy Margaret Russo sentenced David Chislton, 42, on nearly two dozen charges, Cleveland.com reported. He pleaded guilty to "assaulting his girlfriend and setting fire to the Miles Landing apartment complex in Warrensville Heights in 2017," WKYC reported. Chislton "received credit for the two years he spent behind bars since his April 2017 arrest," Cleveland.com reported.
The incident started after Chislton and his girlfriend got into an argument. He set fire to the building's second floor which caused significant structural damage and displaced several families.
Moments after Russo sentenced Chislton in the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas courtroom, Chislton, who was handcuffed from the front, sucker-punched Aaron Brockler, who was standing to his left, Cleveland.com reported. The media outlet reported the two men fell to the ground and Chislton also bit the attorney's leg before he was dragged away.
Read more at foxnews.com.
Severe Storm Watch issued until midnight throughout DC region during extreme heat wave
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch has been issued throughout most of the D.C. region as scorching temperatures bring the heat to the DMV.
Today's temperatures reached the mid-to-upper 90s but it felt even hotter as sweltering heat and humidity pushed the heat index values to as high as 110 degrees.
A Heat Advisory was issued for the D.C. area Wednesday. FOX 5's Michelle Rotella says the extreme temperatures will have a grip on our area until early next week.
By Anne Cutler, FOX 5 DC
WASHINGTON (FOX 5 DC) — Washington, D.C. has more at-risk youth than almost every state in the nation, according to a new study looking at "idle and disconnected" youth across the U.S.
The report, which was released Wednesday by WalletHub , cites poverty and homelessness among other factors going into that number two ranking. It shows Louisiana is the only state with more at-risk youth than D.C.
The report ranked the District second in the nation in youth drug use, first in youth poverty, first in homeless youth and sixth for youth detainment and incarceration.
6-year-old located safely after being reported missing in Prince George's County, police say


Remote Desktop Protocol or popularly known as RDP is a protocol developed by the Microsoft Corporation that provides the graphical interface to a user to connect to another computer device easily over a stable internet connection. An RDP Software is required to serve the purpose and now a day this software are available as built-in within the Windows operating systems. This protocol is an extension of the application sharing protocol and releases its updates from time to time in order to improve the user experience related to the network sharing with other users. This article discusses cheap rdp options and their advantages.
It provides unlimited bandwidth to the users with customised storage spaces of 10-50 GB and hence eliminates the basic concern issues with related to the storage.
The available network port has speed within 400 Mbps to 1 Gbps and hence ensures high speed and connectivity among the two different users of the computers.
There is a cent per cent uptime guarantee from the manufacturers and even the customer service is active for 24/7 hours to cater to the needs of the customers and ensure that all of their queries get answered within the stipulated period of time.
This does not require any special permission request from the admins and hence can be operated by anyone easily.
The user interface is very simple and even the supporting software takes very less time to set up and run. Hence time-saving factor is the best for this.
For the cheap rdp one can visit the websites like we pundits to learn more plans about this rdp and the methods to procure the same.


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home/interviews/ Flashback SignalAtom™
Atom™
Flashback SignalAtom™
Uwe Schmidt has many alternate identities. So much so, there are projects I've come across without even knowing it's him. There's been latino fusion covers as Señor Coconut, psychotropic ambient oddities with Tetsu Inoue as DATacide, glossy downtempo lounge musing as Erik Satin and countless others. Currently, he is best known as Atom™, a name under which he has consolidated his archive.
Schmidt grew up in Frankfurt, Germany, entering the world of music in the early 1980s, switching from drum kit to drum machine after hearing a Linn Drum on the radio for the first time. Producing work influenced by the emerging techno and trance scenes, he developed a partnership with Peter Kuhlmann (better known as Pete Namlook), putting out early works on the legendary FAX (or FAX +49-69/450464 for the pedants among you).
He also set up his own FAX subsidiary, Rather Interesting, in 1994. The label acted primarily as an outlet for Schmidt's own productions, allowing him to experiment with a plethora of different genres, from glitch to Latin America-inspired electronica. Schmidt's relationship with Latin America deepened upon his relocation to Chile in 1997, a move he made in an attempt to isolate himself from the increasingly marketable electronic music scenes consolidating themselves in Europe.
Following Kuhlmann's sad passing in 2012, Rather Interesting closed after 18 years of operations. Schmidt created a new label with Andre Ruello aka Material Object, another collaborator of Kuhlmann's, a couple of year's later under the name 'No.'. The imprint's aim is to remain 'independent from classification'; most recently releasing Intrication from France Jobin, an album inspired by the reactions of subatomic particles.
We caught up with Schmidt to discuss the founding of No., his relocation to Chile and the unstoppable march of Western pop…
Tell me a bit about how 'No.' came to be… How did you first meet Material Object and what made you want to start a label together?
I got to know Andre while he was doing artwork for Pete Namlook's FAX label. We were in touch very briefly through email, exchanging ideas about artwork - nothing special really. Every couple of years he would send me some pictures of what he was doing, or he would say hello. I hadn't really met him, and in those days he was actually much closer to Pete than I was. We kept working together me and Peter but we weren't really talking much. Everyone was busy doing their own thing I would say.
When Peter died, Andre was the person who told me - he notified me that morning. He was the only link really, between me and Peter I would say. I think without Andre no one would have told me that quickly. That kind of bound us together a little bit, in that moment. We kept talking about things related to Pete - very practical things like who was in charge of certain things. Aside from being friends I was doing business with Peter. It's like a second level to when somebody dies - suddenly you have business considerations. I had to figure things out on that level. It's a little bit odd - when somebody dies you don't want to think about that stuff but at some point you have to. Andre had a little bit more insight into that side of things.
We met a couple of times in Berlin and a few other places. We both felt like it would be good to create a platform that would be a place for a certain type of music that we felt didn't really exist. It's not necessarily an ambient label I would say, we wanted to create a platform where we could put out stuff we liked independent from styles or classifications.
In the bio on your website, there are a lot of bankrupt labels mentioned along the way (such as Mille Plateaux). Have you learnt lessons from the mistakes of others so to speak?
Not really. A lot has changed since I started making music up until today, especially on the business side. I would say it's completely incomparable to what is going on today as compared to five or ten years ago. That said, I think there is a lot you can learn from that - everything is in flux. On a personal level there are definitely things I have learnt. It's more about with whom I want to work.
One of the things I told Andre is that I'm not interested in bureaucracy. I really want to see No. as a musical endeavour. I don't like to think about music as a product and all that. I want to make music and release it without a big fuss, without all the promotion and business considerations which leave a strange aftertaste I think. You make music and then it suddenly turns into a product. Of course you have to do it to a certain degree, but I really didn't want the operation to be transformed into just that. Often when you do a label you suddenly become like a banker or something. You're not really thinking about music anymore you're thinking about other things.
You mentioned earlier that you might not have heard about Pete's passing if it wasn't for Andre. Do you really feel that cut off from that world living in Santiago?
Yeah I think so. Pete wasn't a friend I was in touch with on a daily basis and we didn't share much of a common group of friends. There were a couple of people like Andre and David Moufang [Move D] who I know, but we weren't involved that much. There weren't many direct links.
Living in Chile, I'm not reading the press, I don't watch TV… I try not to consume any external media as much as possible. If something really important happens in the world of course I'll receive it, but maybe a day later or something. In the case of Pete, I think someone would have told me, but it would have been a few days later and through a very indirect route.
I'm working hard on my isolation. With all the positive things about the internet, it's also brought information closer to me; I think it's way too close. I don't like that part of being connected. When I moved to Chile it was slightly pre-internet. Not many people had it. A year or two after, the connection happened but when I moved here communication came through phone calls or sending faxes or letters.
In that sense I don't really see myself as being part of some kind of scene in terms of music. Those discourses in terms of genres I found them more of a problem than a solution. I find staying neutral and working on your own ideas much more useful than having to deal with other people's ideas. The fatal thing with an idea, is that once it is in your head you can't get rid of it. Even neglecting or rejecting it becomes a thing.
It struck me there are many parts of the world you could isolate yourself in. What has kept you in Santiago all these years? What do you like about living there?
Well, Chile is physically really far away from everything so the mentality of the people is different. I always say it's like an island mentality - people are really isolated. They have been isolated both historically and physically for a very long time. When you are here, you feel like people aren't really connected. If you live in other parts of South America, even Argentina for example which is just around the corner, they are much more connected to Europe. In architecture - how they build their cities - the things they talk about and how they see themselves. With Chile it's a little bit different.
When I first came here there was no connection to the outside world possible really. Being a foreigners was something rather new. People would look at you in the streets because you look different.
Atom™ at Decibel Festival, 2011.
You moved there in 1997, at which point Pinochet would have still been leader of the Chilean army (just). I'm guessing you must have seen a lot of change politically.
I think he was gone by the time I got there but you could still feel that and you still can today. It was much more isolated in that sense. When Tetsu [Inoue] came here in 1999, he was walking around the neighbourhood and someone shouted 'chino' out their car, which doesn't actually mean Chinese - Chilean people call anyone Asian 'chino'. He was really offended because as a Japanese person he thought it wasn't nice to call him Chinese. But he stood out as an Asian tourist.
It has changed quite a bit, I don't think that would necessarily happen today. When I came here - people would honk their horn at me and want to talk. You would have weird experiences on the streets. I liked that at the same time and found it very inspiring to be disconnected. In that sense when you said there are many places where you can be disconnected - I'm not so sure. The world is big and there are many places you could cut yourself off - certainly if I moved to central Africa I would be isolated… I was looking for a certain balance between isolation and being able to do my thing. Being far away but not on the moon or something [laughs].
I am a big fan of your Datacide project. I read you recorded the first album stopping off on New York on your way back from Costa Rica. How did you and Tetsu first meet and how long did that particular album take to make?
That album was recorded really quickly at his apartment in New York and partly at my place in Frankfurt. Tetsu was a friend of Station Rose - an artist couple from Vienna. I was supposed to produce an EP for them in my studio in '91 I think. Tetsu was friends with them. I found out he was making music as well and we decided to work on a track together. On Station Rose's first EP there's some bits of Tetsu on it.
When I went to Costa Rica I asked him if I could come over to stay for a couple of days. That's when we did the first album. It was done really intuitively I would say, not much planning. I was very much into hard techno but also ambient and more obscure derivatives. We both got much more interested in abstract electronic music and the albums after that we recorded in Frankfurt. We became close friends and talked a lot on the phone.
Ondas struck me as a particularly interesting listen - can you tell me a bit about the recording process? There's lots of avant-garde sort of interludes (like the lip trumpet solo, recordings of footsteps etc). Was the approach different to DATacide I/II?
I think both Tetsu and myself were trying not to repeat ourselves. When working on something we would have a brief talk before the recording; we realised we were really in sync with each other.
It was the same case with Ondas. It wasn't really a concept, but we were both interested in things that happen when you are tripping - we were trying to extract those experiences into an audible scenario. We were always interested in how to go from one scene to the next. Suddenly we both got really fixated on those really harsh cuts that happen when you're on acid. When you're totally into one thing and then it flips - like you're flipping a channel - you're out of it and into something else.
A lot of that information was stemming from trip memory - things that impressed both of us about the experience were very similar. We were certainly both interested in making ambient music trippier. The classic 'ambient sound' doesn't have much to do with psychedelics - it's more to do with Klaus Schulze and these people. We were interested in developing something different.
Do you have a love hate relationship with pop? You do a lot of pop covers as Señor Coconut and as part of LB. At the same time there's a lot of comments about the state of mainstream music in HD…
Well I really like well done pop music. The entire topic of what pop is I find an interesting phenomenon. There is music made for popular consumption which needs to be compatible with a massive amount of people. It has to resonate with the masses; in that sense it's always a mirror to what's going on. In that sense it's a very complex system, it's not only a mirror of the listener, it's a mirror of the market because it's a commercial enterprise; I wouldn't even say it's a necessarily musical enterprise.
When something good is being produced I really like it. Currently though, I'm not very interested by what's going on in the world in general, and this reflects into pop music as well. HD uses a pop format in order to make certain types of statements. If I tried to revisit that state of mind, I would say I'm a little bit bothered with the fact electronic music has turned into that kind of neutral, abstract zone of art that feels like it doesn't have to comment on anything.
I've noticed how marketable it's become in recent years. You see producers you consider as experimental now making music for adverts - it's been kind of hijacked in that way…
With HD I was trying to open up a certain attitude being very aware of the difficulty of making any kind of statement nowadays. I was very aware of the contradictions within the work. I was more interested in making music that made a certain statement even if it wasn't coherent - than not making a statement at all. I would perform the music live and someone wouldn't like it. Someone would come up to me and say it was a really superficial way of seeing things. I liked that much more - being able to talk to someone about that.
The word hijacked that you used describes it pretty well I think. I was looking back at - maybe ten years ago - many old things I had done. Very often when making music, I'm perceived in relation to other stuff that surrounds me. Suddenly I realised I had to defend myself in a surrounding that had kind of hijacked me. I was thinking, what do I have to do with this? What is the relationship between what I'm doing and EDM let's say?
You have that 'Insulting the DJ' track which seems to reflect a dissatisfaction with a lot of conventional club music.
Certainly. It's weird - you start making something under a certain premise and slowly it gets infected by something else. You still like doing it but you are part of something different suddenly. You have to react to that. I sort of created my own world with things like Señor Coconut and then I realised after a while it would be nice to go back to things like ambient and techno.
Techno has become such an industry and there are so many boring things being produced. I distanced myself from that because I didn't like the surrounding. I didn't like the idea that it had been ruined for me by something else though; with pop it's a bit similar.
One of the things I've noticed doing music writing is how simple the story needs to be for writers and consumers. I did my dissertation on what most people know as 'krautrock' - it always struck me as a good example in that most of those bands didn't know each other and they sound wildly different. But still the press had this impulse to try and band everything together.
I think this has always happened with music. There is always the impulse to bind everything together and give it a coherent analysis. I think the same same thing with punk. I only see a couple of bands doing similar things. Maybe you can say there is a common attitude but I don't think punk existed as such. I often have problems with those classifications but at the same time find them very interesting. A lot of the things I was doing with Señor Coconut was playing around with genres; breaking them up and combining them. The classifications stop making so much sense.
For someone who makes electronic music today, you are immediately classified into a genre. This happens every time I talk to young people who are starting to make music. Even before they have made a single tone, they know what they want to be, which is weird. "I want to be a D&B artist". It's like, really?
I sometimes wonder what effect this has on localised music scenes - say things like gqom which are suddenly put in the media spotlight in Europe.
It's a problem of course if a scene or a genre is being discovered and exploited because it necessarily means this scene becomes part of an economic timescale. Those timescales are getting shorter and shorter. If you remember at the beginning of the '90s there was a new hype every year. Someone would come up with 'bleep' or something, and then 'clunk'… The cycles became shorter and shorter until 15 or 20 years ago the cycles became so short that the whole operation became useless. Eventually everyone threw up their hands and admitted we don't know what's going on [laughs].
I found that really positive. Finally they gave up! Now of course there is a certain appetite for new products. I'm not living in Europe so I don't know what's going on. The old scenes are exploited - how much movement can you generate? You burn those genres basically. When you, for example as an artist approach the media or a festival, there is this permanent attitude where they go "yeah but is this new?" You go "well I don't know, it's me. How new can I be after so many releases!"
I always found that very disturbing. No one would go to you as a journalist and say why are you just asking me questions like in the old days - come up with a new kind of journalism… But for the artist you are constantly being asked to come up with something incredible every six months.
It's also like - what's the difference if something's new or you've only just come across it?
Totally. My favourite example is Sun Ra. I always say that if Sun Ra had not been discovered by anybody when he was alive he would have just been a crazy somebody and nobody would give a shit. The fact that he was discovered and absorbed by free jazz and even people like Miles Davis - who transformed his ideas into something popular - he then in a retrospective way became somebody who was like ahead of something. But he wasn't really ahead of anything, he was just being himself. In my opinion there is nothing really new or old about any artistic creation that is genuine.
I think that pop has moved into its own realm a little bit. It's come to that weird frozen place where everything sounds the same wherever you go on this planet.
It links to how ubiquitous the exportation of American culture has been. You can go to any country and buy a coke for example.
I was sitting in a cab in Khazakstan driving back to the airport at 5.00am on a Sunday or something. The guy has the radio on and it sounds like any pop music anywhere but sung in Russian. I really understood it and where it came from and how it was made. I could be in another cab somewhere totally different and the same song but slightly different would be playing. I find it interesting how electronic music does or doesn't deal with that. I'm not saying when I started making electronic music it was political or anything, but it felt more daring maybe.
I don't know who said this, but there is a saying that the difference between art and design is that art is challenging. There's nothing bad with design - everybody loves design, but it's not art. Especially festivals who do 'avante-garde' art - very soon you realise if you talk to them their approach is not that daring. Often the entire enterprise is tied into that very comforting machinery which you can feed eternally with the same content more or less.
Normally the problem is directed towards the artist. But the artist is totally embedded into a much bigger picture. As an artist you are being selected or rejected and it's a very complex mechanism. I always see the problem being fed back to artist: 'do something radical!' I include media and journalism and festivals and venues and everything - they're all playing along. It's very easy from any perspective outside the creative one to throw the problem back to the artist.
When the music industry problems started around 2007; when labels were going bankrupt, distributors were closing down and festivals were disappearing, there were many artist friends I had who stopped working. I was on a panel around that time and we were asked what should be done. It was the first time anyone asked the artist in the 20 years I'd been working. It'd never been a question and now it is - why is it me being asked? Suddenly no one knew what was going on. Suddenly this thing turned around.
Prev in interviews: Arctic Sweat: Charlotte Bendiks


text:
Latest 'Doctor Strange' Trailer Confirms Debut From a New Marvel Team
Matt Singer Published: April 26, 2022
When the Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness teaser included a glimpse of the back of Patrick Stewart's head, along with a bunch of ominous figures holding court over some kind of interdimensional tribunal, a lot of Marvel fans (and our own YouTube channel) predicted that the film would introduce the Illuminati to the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In Marvel Comics, the Illuminati is a group of some of the world's most powerful heroes — Professor X, Iron Man, Namor, Black Bolt, Black Panther, Reed Richards and Dr Strange in its original incarnation — who band together in secret to protect their world and later to prevent invasions from other dimensions.
Predict no longer. The latest Doctor Strange teaser, which is here to remind you that the film finally opens in theaters in just 10 days, features another glimpse of that same creepy council, and what sounds like another cameo from Patrick Stewart's voice. (In interviews, Stewart has claimed that's a sound alike. Smooth one, Jean-Luc.) But this teaser leaves no doubt about who this group is, because Chiwetel Ejiofor's Mordo tells Benedict Cumberbatch's Dr. Strange "The Illuminati will see you now."
You can see them now in the teaser below:
As for who makes up the membership of the Marvel Cinematic Universe's Illuminati, we recently speculated about that in this video:
It's kind of wild that this movie comes out in 10 days and we still don't really know who the main villain is in the film. Is it Mordo? Is it the evil Dr. Strange we've seen in the trailers? Is it this Illuminati group?!? Just because they serve a certain role in Marvel comics doesn't mean they'll serve the same one in the movies — and it's already clear just from these little teases that the group is very different from the one Marvel's books.
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness will premiere exclusively in theaters on May 6.
Every Marvel Cinematic Universe Movie, Ranked From Worst to Best
It started with Iron Man and it's continued and expanded ever since. It's the Marvel Cinematic Universe, with 28 movies and counting. But what's the best and the worst? We ranked them all.
Filed Under: Doctor Strange, Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, Marvel, Marvel Cinematic Universe
Categories: Movie News, Superheroes, Trailers


text:
Publications by Sudhakar Yalamanchili
Slim NoC: A Low-Diameter On-Chip Network Topology for High Energy Efficiency and Scalability
Maciej Besta, Syed M. Hassan, Sudhakar Yalamanchili, Rachata Ausavarungnirun, Onur Mutlu, and Torsten Hoefler
Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS), Williamsburg, VA, USA, March 2018
Emerging chips with hundreds and thousands of cores require networks with unprecedented energy/area efficiency and scalability. To address this, we propose Slim NoC (SN): a new on-chip network design that delivers significant improvements in efficiency and scalability compared to the state-of-the-art. The key idea is to use two concepts from graph and number theory, degree-diameter graphs combined with non-prime finite fields, to enable the smallest number of ports for a given core count. SN is inspired by state-of-the-art off-chip topologies; it identifies and distills their advantages for NoC settings while solving several key issues that lead to significant overheads on-chip. SN provides NoC-specific layouts, which further enhance area/energy efficiency. We show how to augment SN with state-of-the-art router microarchitecture schemes such as Elastic Links, to make the network even more scalable and efficient. Our extensive experimental evaluations show that SN outperforms both traditional low-radix topologies (e.g., meshes and tori) and modern high-radix networks (e.g., various Flattened Butterflies) in area, latency, throughput, and static/dynamic power consumption for both synthetic and real workloads. SN provides a promising direction in scalable and energy-efficient NoC topologies.
abstract = {Emerging chips with hundreds and thousands of cores require networks with unprecedented energy/area efficiency and scalability. To address this, we propose Slim NoC (SN): a new on-chip network design that delivers significant improvements in efficiency and scalability compared to the state-of-the-art. The key idea is to use two concepts from graph and number theory, degree-diameter graphs combined with non-prime finite fields, to enable the smallest number of ports for a given core count. SN is inspired by state-of-the-art off-chip topologies; it identifies and distills their advantages for NoC settings while solving several key issues that lead to significant overheads on-chip. SN provides NoC-specific layouts, which further enhance area/energy efficiency. We show how to augment SN with state-of-the-art router microarchitecture schemes such as Elastic Links, to make the network even more scalable and efficient. Our extensive experimental evaluations show that SN outperforms both traditional low-radix topologies (e.g., meshes and tori) and modern high-radix networks (e.g., various Flattened Butterflies) in area, latency, throughput, and static/dynamic power consumption for both synthetic and real workloads. SN provides a promising direction in scalable and energy-efficient NoC topologies.},
author = {Maciej Besta and Syed M. Hassan and Sudhakar Yalamanchili and Rachata Ausavarungnirun and Onur Mutlu and Torsten Hoefler},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS)},
title = {Slim NoC: A Low-Diameter On-Chip Network Topology for High Energy Efficiency and Scalability},
venue = {Williamsburg, VA, USA},


text:
Tag: climate change
Interview: Climate Advocate and 5Gyres Ambassador Madeleine Wallace
By Nuri Max Steinmann. Madeleine Wallace is a 23-year old artist and climate advocate, born and raised in Brooklyn, New York. She is a visual artist, a multi-instrumentalist, and a spirited environmental activist. In 2018, she completed her undergraduate degree at Barnard College, pursuing an Environmental Policy major. As an ambassador and advisory board member of…
Portuguese NGO 'Ocean Alive' – Video Story
The marine biologist, Raquel Gaião Silva, made a video about a portuguese NGO named Ocean Alive that is making the difference when it comes to Climate Action. The video shows their involvement with the local fishing community and their fantastic role in protecting the seagrass meadows. Are you curious about it? Take a look! Seagrass…
Marine biologist Jan Verbeek about the challenges in marine conservation
By Nuri Max Steinmann. Jan Verbeek is a marine biologist and scientific diver I met during the Erasmus Mundus master's programme in marine biodiversity and conservation in Portugal. Since leaving Germany about 10 years ago, he spent the large majority of his time studying and working in the UK where he started his journey as…
For Dr Louise Gentle, conservation is more than preservation
By Kaitlyn Elverson. Dr Louise Gentle is a well-loved wildlife conservation lecturer at the Brackenhurst Campus at Nottingham Trent University in Nottingham, UK. Her research and work at NTU has stretched over many topics, from why Wombats poop cubes to Yellowhammers, but for this interview, I asked Louise some things that targeted the bigger picture…
Making Your Dream a Reality – an interview with coral biologist, Dennis Conetta
By Lauren Giglio. "That's going to be me one day, Dad," an 11 year old Dennis Conetta told his smiling father as they watched divers at the New England Aquarium perform their daily tasks in the Giant Ocean Tank. He daydreamed about his future as he observed the Caribbean ecosystem cohesively operate within the three-story…
Interview with Benjamin Jones – Ocean Advocate and Founding Director of Project Seagrass
By Nuri Max Steinmann. Benjamin Jones is marine biologist from the UK with a special interest dedicated to seagrass ecosystems around the globe. Early in his academic career he became fascinated by these unique ecosystems, and their ecological role, but also what dangers they are facing. In 2013 he decided to create the NGO Project…


The JSE inched higher on Tuesday mainly on the back of gains recorded amongst JSE listed miners.
PGM miners on the JSE advanced in today's session as palladium surged to briefly break above $1600/Oz, as it peaked at $1601.52/Oz. Other metal commodity prices such as gold were also firmer on the day which helped the Resources index to close amongst the day's biggest gainers. Sentiment across Europe and the USA was also bullish as market participants anticipate a more dovish stance from the US Fed's policy statement on Wednesday, which will incentivize investors to seek riskier assets such as stocks.
On the JSE, Tongaat Hulett [JSE:TON] closed amongst the day's biggest movers after it gained 10.52% to close at R18.80. African Rainbow Capital Investments [JSE:AIL] managed to record gains of 8.16% to end the day at R5.30, while Sasol [JSE:SOL] added 3.51% to close at R451.84. Diversified miner Anglo American PLC [JSE:AGL] advanced 1.57% as it closed at R381.51, while its industry peer, BHP Group [JSE:BHP] gained 0.75% to close at R339.69. Impala Platinum [JSE:IMP] added 2.56% to close at R67.22, Anglo American Platinum [JSE:AMS] firmed 1.1% to R810.00, and Kumba Iron Ore [JSE:KIO] closed 1.36% higher at R394.94.
Another downward trending session ensued for Ascendis Health [JSE:ASC] which came under significant pressure eventually closing 11.56% weaker at R3.98. Listed property stock, SA Corporate Real Estate [JSE:SAC] fell 2.82% to end the day at R3.45. The sector wide pessimism spread to Hyprop Investments [JSE:HYP] which fell 5.44% to close at R74.58, as well as Accelerate Property Fund [JSE:APF] which lost 2.42% to close at R3.22. The weaker rand saw banks trading mostly weaker on the day. ABSA Group [JSE:ABG] dropped 3.97% as it closed at R160.49, while Nedbank [JSE:NED] lost 3.45% to close at R252.28. Massmart [JSE:MSM] weakened by 3.38% to close at R82.10, while Pick n Pay [JSE:PIK] closed at R66.65 after dropping 2.36%.
The rand traded mostly firmer on the day managing to reach a session high of R14.33/$. The local currency came under pressure from the stronger US dollar which saw the rand retreat to trade at R14.44/$ at 17.00 CAT.


text:
<?php

namespace Jasny\Router\Runner;

use Jasny\Router\Route;
use Jasny\Router\Runner;
use Jasny\Router\ControllerFactory;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
use Jasny\TestHelper;
use Jasny\Router\MockResponse;

/**
 * @covers Jasny\Router\Runner\Controller
 * @covers Jasny\Router\Runner\Implementation
 * @covers Jasny\Router\Helper\NotFound
 */
class ControllerTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    use TestHelper;
    use MockResponse;

    public function testInvoke()
    {
        $request = $this->createMock(ServerRequestInterface::class);
        $response = $this->createMock(ResponseInterface::class);
        $finalResponse = $this->createMock(ResponseInterface::class);

        $controller = $this->createCallbackMock($this->once(), [$request, $response], $finalResponse);
        $factory = $this->createCallbackMock($this->once(), ['foo'], $controller);

        $route = $this->createMock(Route::class);
        $route->controller = 'foo';

        $request->expects($this->once())->method('getAttribute')->with('route')->willReturn($route);

        $runner = (new Runner\Controller())->withFactory($factory);

        $result = $runner($request, $response);

        $this->assertSame($finalResponse, $result);
    }

    public function testInvokeWithNext()
    {
        $request = $this->createMock(ServerRequestInterface::class);
        $response = $this->createMock(ResponseInterface::class);
        $runResponse = $this->createMock(ResponseInterface::class);
        $finalResponse = $this->createMock(ResponseInterface::class);

        $controller = $this->createCallbackMock($this->once(), [$request, $response], $finalResponse);
        $factory = $this->createCallbackMock($this->once(), ['foo'], $controller);

        $route = $this->createMock(Route::class);
        $route->controller = 'foo';

        $request->expects($this->once())->method('getAttribute')->with('route')->willReturn($route);

        $next = $this->createCallbackMock($this->once(), [$request, $runResponse], $finalResponse);

        $runner = (new Runner\Controller())->withFactory($factory);

        $result = $runner($request, $response, $next);

        $this->assertSame($finalResponse, $result);
    }

    public function testInvokeWithFactoryException()
    {
        list($request, $response, $notFoundResponse) = $this->mockNotFound();

        $exception = new \Exception('Something is wrong');

        $factory = $this->createPartialMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
        $factory->expects($this->once())->method('__invoke')->willThrowException($exception);

        $runner = (new Runner\Controller())->withFactory($factory);

        $result = @$runner($request, $response);

        $this->assertLastError(E_USER_NOTICE, 'Something is wrong');
        $this->assertSame($notFoundResponse, $result);
    }

    public function testInvokeWithUncallableController()
    {
        list($request, $response, $notFoundResponse) = $this->mockNotFound();

        $factory = $this->createPartialMock('stdClass', ['__invoke']);
        $factory->expects($this->once())->method('__invoke')->willReturn(new \stdClass());

        $runner = (new Runner\Controller())->withFactory($factory);

        $result = @$runner($request, $response);

        $this->assertLastError(E_USER_NOTICE,
            "Can't route to controller 'stdClass': class does not have '__invoke' method");

        $this->assertSame($notFoundResponse, $result);
    }

    /**
     * @expectedException \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function testInvalidFactory()
    {
        (new Runner\Controller())->withFactory('not callable');
    }

    public function testGetDefaultFactory()
    {
        $runner = new Runner\Controller();
        $factory = $runner->getFactory();

        $this->assertInstanceOf(ControllerFactory::class, $factory);
        $this->assertSame($factory, $runner->getFactory());
    }
}


text:
Talugtug ist eine philippinische Stadtgemeinde in der Provinz Nueva Ecija. Sie hat  Einwohner (Zensus ).

Baranggays

Talugtug ist politisch unterteilt in 28 Baranggays.

Ort auf den Philippinen


← Fathers – You're Important!
Racial and religious beliefs are visceral part of human psyche and being.
If anyone has been on the ground, and not hypothesize from an armchair, he will know that racial and religious tolerance or harmony can be fragile and be like glass.
An insensitive remark, even if it's spoken out of a good intention can cause unintended backlashes, open up old wounds, and create new fault lines.
It can cause deep divisions in our country and polarize our people.
Once the social fabric is torn, it may be hard to return the fabric back to its original functional condition.
That's why we have to be wary of the western version of freedom of expression and ensure that hate speeches are not allowed in our culture.
Let's be mindful about the vulnerabilities of our societal fabric and continue to develop a stable, secure and sustainable level of racial and religious harmony.