text:
Showing results for tags 'guerrilla miniature games'.
guerrilla miniature games
GMG Video Battle Report - Lady J vs. Von Schill
Achilles posted a topic in Battle Reports
GMG Video Battle Report - Lucius (Neverborn) vs. Molly - 50SS - Extraction!
GMG Video Battle Report - Lady Justice vs. Lillith - 50SS - Head Hunter GG2017
lillith
GMG Video Battle Report - Reva vs. Lynch - Guard the Stash! 50SS
GMG Video Battle Report - Reva vs. Sonnia - 50ss (Farewell to Papa Box)
sonnia
GMG Video Battle Report - Von Schill vs. Lynch (Tucson Comic Con)
GMG Video Battle Report - Perdita vs. The Viktorias - 50SS
the viktorias
GMG Video Battle Report - 35SS - Ophelia vs. Perdita!
David brings his freshly (and beautifully) painted Gremlins in to face my Guild in his first 35SS game!
unto the breach
GMG Video Battle Report - 50SS - Lynch vs. Viktorias - GG2016
Henchman Ben is back for another 50SS game, his Outcasts against my Neverborn in this encounter from Gaining Grounds 2016. My next two upcoming Gaining Grounds events are April 30th at Lords of War in Oakville Ontario... https://www.facebook.com/events/256783571331891/ ... and the Ontario Masters at Lords of War Weekend June 5th, Mississauga, Ontario! https://www.facebook.com/events/1065584066818527/ Hope to see some of you guys there in person!
gaining grounds 2016
50SS Gaining Ground - Lords of War Weekend - June 5th 2016 - Toronto, Canada!
Achilles posted a topic in North America
Hey folks! Event Details are now live for the Malifaux Gaining Grounds at Lords of War Weekend on June 5th, 2016 in Toronto, Canada! Come check out Toronto's best weekend in Miniature Wargaming and cheat some fate. Tickets are $40 for the event. Door prizes, trophies, raffles and prize packs will be on the day. If you attended the November Lords of War Weekend you get a $5 per day discount. If you plan attend any of the Saturday events you can get a weekend pass for $70 ($60 for returning players). We will be in April-June rotation still. Format is 50SS and four rounds. RSVP HERE: https://www.facebook.com/events/1065584066818527/ Ticket sales are HERE: http://lordsofwartournament.com/ You must preregister! See you there! Ash
lords of war weekend
50SS Gaining Grounds - Lords of War - Oakville, Ontario, Canada - April 30th
My next Gaining Grounds is scheduled for April 30th 2016! Lords of War is located at 124 Kerr St, Oakville, Ontario, Canada. Event is scheduled from 10am-6pm Join us for a 3-4 Round Gaining Grounds at 50 Soulstones. $10 Entry. Prizes for 1st, 2nd, 3rd place as well as Best Painted Crew and the dreaded 'Needs a New Deck' award. We capped out at 16 players in February! Let me know you're attending by responding on Facebook HERE: https://www.facebook.com/events/256783571331891/ See you there!
lords of war games and hobbies
GMG Unto the Breach Ep 18
von schill
New episode today! Standard 50SS game between Marcus and Von Schill!
GMG Unto the Breach - Ep 14
More Nythera Shifting Loyalties today!
ressurectionists
Gaining Grounds (New Rotation) 50SS Tournament - November 22nd, Toronto, Canada
Lords of War Games and Hobbies in conjunction with Guerrilla Miniature Games will be hosting its second Gaining Grounds Tournament on November 22nd, 2015. As this will be the second major GTA Malifaux event we will be moving to unrestricted Faction access for Crew Building as well as New Rotation scenarios from the Gaining Grounds tournament format. Gaining Grounds 2015, the official Wyrd Miniatures Tournament Format, will be in use (http://wyrd-games.net/community/files/file/52-gaining-grounds/). Games will be 50 Soulstones. In addition, the following rules will be in place: Models must be painted to a minimum three colour standard. All Wyrd Gaining Grounds 2015 rules for proxy models will be enforced. Pre-Release models from Gencon 2015 may be used, but proxies of unreleased models may not. All players will receive Raffle tickets at entry for use in prize pool. All players may participate in the Lords of War Weekend Malifaux Crew Painting contest, though this is not required. To participate, players will set up a crew of at least 1 Master and seven other models between Rounds 1 and 2 and all attendees and judges will have the opportunity to see them and help determine the winners. Number of rounds for the event will be determined by the number of players as per Gaining Grounds 2015, up to a maximum of 4. Each Round will be 120 minutes long. Strategies and Deployment will be as per New Rotation from Gaining Grounds 2015, for reference that is; ROUND 1 - Guard the Stash, Standard Deployment ROUND 2 - Interference, Flank Deployment ROUND 3 - Extraction, Close Deployment ROUND 4 - Stake a Claim, Standard Deployment Scheme Pools will be generated randomly each round for the entire event by the TO and distributed to the players with pairings for the round. REGISTRATION: 8:30am ROUND 1: 9:00am - Cards-down at 11:00pm ROUND 2: 11:30am - Cards-down at 1:30pm LUNCH ROUND 3: 2:30pm - Cards-down at 4:30pm ROUND 4: 5:00pm - Cards-down at 7:00pm AWARDS: 7:15pm TOP TABLE The highest ranked players at the beginning of the final round may be asked to have their game filmed for promotional purposes. You can download the Player Pack HERE: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3iUmocmCYCUVUdoQmxTM1p5alk/view?usp=sharing Join up on the Event Page on Facebook for details, to see updates and to ask questions: https://www.facebook.com/events/1617140618540303/ Feel free to print a copy of this player guide to bring with you on the day! NOVLoW2015MalifauxTournament (4).pdf
mwg ash
GMG - Unto the Breach Ep 04 - Ressers vs. Neverborn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7xGCEC_1sU Jason's second game, I decide to try to run Jacob's crew with Lucius!
Saemus
Lords of War Malifaux Tournament - Sunday August 16th - Toronto
It's the feel-good event of the Summer! The Lords of War weekend will now host a Malifaux Gaining Grounds tournament, Sunday the 16th of August 2015. As this will be the GTAs first major Malifaux event we will be using a Model Pool format so that players of all levels, even those with smaller Malifaux collections, can feel like they can compete on a level field. Gaining Grounds 2015, the official Wyrd Miniatures Tournament Format, will be in use (http://wyrd-games.net/community/files/file/52-gaining-grounds/). Games will be 50 Soulstones. In addition, the following rules will be in place: Players are restricted to a single Faction. Players may select up to three Masters from that Faction as part of their Pool. Players may select up to 100 SoulStones worth of additional models and upgrades which will form their 'Pool' to select from throughout the Tournament. Each round, they may only select Masters, Upgrades and additional Crew members from this pool. The pool may include out-of-Faction models provided there is an Upgrade or Master or other rules make them available to the player. A list of these Models, Upgrades and Masters should be handed-in to the TO at registration. In order to include multiples of the same type of model in a crew, they must exist multiple times in the Pool. During a game, models which may Summon may only summon models included in the Pool, though they may summon as many as the player has available models. Number of rounds for the event will be determined by the number of players as per Gaining Grounds 2015, up to a maximum of 4. Each Round will be 90 minutes long. Strategies and Deployment will be as per Classic Rotation from Gaining Grounds 2015, for reference that is; ROUND 1 - Reckoning, Standard Deployment ROUND 2 - Reconnoiter, Flank Deployment ROUND 3 - Turf War, Close Deployment ROUND 4 - Stake a Claim, Standard Deployment Scheme Pools will be generated randomly each round for the entire event by the TO and distributed to the players with pairings for the round. REGISTRATION: : 9:00am ROUND 1: 9:30am - Cards-down at 11:00am ROUND 2: 11:30am - Cards down at 1:00pm LUNCH ROUND 3: 2:00pm - Cards-down at 3:30pm ROUND 4: 4:00pm - Cards-down at 5:30pm AWARDS: 6:00pm TOP TABLE The highest ranked players at the beginning of the final round may be asked to have their game filmed for promotional purposes. TICKETS ARE ON SALE NOW!!!! - $70CAD for two Tournaments and the Weekend - $40 for Malifaux only on Sunday. All tournament info can be downloaded as part of the Players Pack HERE There will be a Best Crew Painting Contest hosted at lunch that day as well. If you're interested in the prep-league Lords of War and I will be running, check it out HERE. See you all in August!
Lords of War Games
Lords of War Tournament
GMG - Unto the Breach Ep 08
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KsG02B0hr5M
GMG - Unto the Breach Ep 03 - Video Battle Reports
Hey guys! Here's another Battle Report, Ressers vs. Neverborn in a 50SS Standard Encounter! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBWS45WKJDg
Little help - Outcast lists for a 4 game beginner series
Achilles posted a topic in The Outcasts
Hi guys! I'm going to be filming a 4 game beginner series for Malifaux featuring Outcasts and Neverborn. The Outcast master will be Von Schill and Jacob Lynch and Co. will be heading up the Neverborn. This series will start with a Henchmen game at 20SS and then escalate to a Master led game at 30, 40 and 50SS. I figured why not ask for input on the four lists. I'll be putting the Neverborn version of this in their forum. I will be sent and be painting up Outcasts from the following model pool. This will be all I have for models so no subs! - Von Schill Starter - Hannah - Hans - Strongarm box (I guess I'll have an extra?) - Vanessa The Neverborn pool will have access to... - Jacob Lynch Starter - Mr Tannen - Mr Graves - The Depleted - Waldgeist We will be focusing on basic Strategies. First two games will be Turf War, then Squatters Rights, then Stake a Claim. Schemes as normal. Thanks in advance! Ash
Beginner Games
Jacob Lynch
A little help - Neverborn lists for a 4 game learning series!
Achilles posted a topic in The Neverborn
Hi guys! I'm going to be filming a 4 game beginner series for Malifaux featuring Outcasts and Neverborn. The Outcast master will be Von Schill and Jacob Lynch and Co. will be heading up the Neverborn. This series will start with a Henchmen game at 20SS and then escalate to a Master led game at 30, 40 and 50SS. I figured why not ask for input on the four lists. I'll be putting the Outcast version of this in their forum. I will be sent and be painting up Neverborn from the following model pool. This will be all I have for models so no subs! - Jacob Lynch Starter - Mr Tannen - Mr Graves - The Depleted - Waldgeist The Outacsts l will have access to... - Von Schill Starter - Hannah - Hans - Strongarm box (I guess I'll have an extra?) - Vanessa We will be focusing on basic Strategies. First two games will be Turf War, then Squatters Rights, then Stake a Claim. Schemes as normal. Thanks in advance! Ash


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It features a series of short introductory talks from experts in the field presenting new perspectives on the First World War.
In collaboration with Professor Richard Grayson (Goldsmiths, University of London) I am delighted to announce the launch of a special website to gather information and knowledge about Ireland's involvement in the First World War. The www.irelandww1.org website project will collate research and event information and act as a networking forum to allow academics, and members of the public and various organisations to introduce themselves to each other. We hope that this website will continue to develop positive working relations and collaborations between academics and non-university led organisations who share the same passion: to enhance public understanding of Ireland's experience of the First World War.
JISC and Wikimedia UK hosted the first of it's kind 'Editathon' around World War One at the British Library on the 16th June 2012. Academic experts and editors of Wikipedian (Wikipedians) were brought together to create and improve Wikipedia articles on WW 1 topics. The aim of the event was to increase coverage and make the information accurate, consistent, wide-ranging and up-to-date as possible and to build bridges between Wikipedian and academic communities. This video explains more about what we achieved!
I'm very excited to announce that my first book has just been published with Oxford University Press!
A Kingdom United draws from a vast array of diaries, journals and newspapers to provide a compelling picture of some of the thoughts, views and conversations of British and Irish people on the outbreak of war. The book challenges preconceptions and assumptions about how ordinary people and elite figures reacted to events and pays special attention to the question of Ireland, demonstrating how the majority of Irish people supported the war and were united in the British cause.
The book was officially launched by Professor John Horne of Trinity College, Dublin at the London Irish Centre, Camden Square, on 23rd March 2012.
Further details of the book, including sample extracts, are available at the Oxford University Press website.


The traditional front elevation of this home belies the incredible expanse of windows that stretches the entire rear. Formal and casual living zones are thoughtfully divided, with the elegant living and dining rooms greeting you right off the foyer. Large sliding glass doors open the living room to the lanai. To the rear of the plan lies the open, demonstration-style kitchen with a cooktop island, wrapping counters, and a walk-in pantry. A breakfast nook and leisure room with a fireplace are made for family living. The leisure room also has large sliding glass doors that open to the lanai, where a summer kitchen awaits outdoor entertaining. The sumptuous master suite comprises an elegant bedroom, a large walk-in closet, and an amazing bath that's fashioned with twin vanities, a glass octagonal shower, a compartmented European toilet, a corner tub, and a private garden. Two guest suites complete the plan--one is on the first floor and the other is joined by a loft and observation deck upstairs.
$3116.00 For use by design professionals to make substantial changes to your house plan and inexpensive local printing.


text:
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namespace backend\controllers;

use kucha\ueditor\UEditorAction;
use Yii;
use backend\models\Helpdoc;
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use yii\web\Controller;
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use yii\filters\VerbFilter;
use \yii\web\Response;
use yii\helpers\Html;

/**
 * HelpdocController implements the CRUD actions for Helpdoc model.
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class HelpdocController extends Controller
{
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I am on retreat this week, and our preacher, Catherine Hilkert, OP, read this line from "How to Be a Poet" during Monday night's sharing.
In the morning she reminded us that St. Francis had called sun and moon and water and mountains and all things of Creation our brothers and sisters. And she reminded us that Thomas Merton went further and called them saints. It is true and, it seems, to many people radical. Some find it unorthodox to apply the word "saint" to non-humans: fire, trees, wind, sun… I, on the other hand, will go further than Merton and say that they are prophets.
Sun and moon, mountains and wild flowers and all things of Creation are imbued with a message of God. Each thing and creature and moment of time are carrying a message of God. Creation is, after all, the Word of God become the universe, become flesh. In the non-time when eternity bubbled itself into the first bud of temporality, God spoke, and it was so. The world. The world IS the message, and we each have a piece of the message to give to each other and to put together into the Word of God that will sound again at the End Time when the world is as it is intended to be by its Sayer. When it will have been Said. When it will have been Spoken. We are speakers of God's word in tiny sound bites. We are prophets.
I was watching some ants run around on the ground and some little grub worms nuzzle into mud near the ants, and they all looked busy with their own thing and even alike to me from my outside vantage point. But I rested my eyes on one of the ants and journeyed with him for a while, and his little path became different to me than any other: the obstacles he encountered, the way he chose around them… And we had a bond now, he and I, the bond he may not have been aware of at all. And I thought, This ant might be a great prophet to his people. The greatest prophet of his generation maybe.
I know nothing about him but the crossing of our paths in this time and place, and he may not know I exist, yet just by being in this time and place and being himself and doing what he does, he has directed my thoughts, opened my eyes, filled my soul, extended a connection to me one more to hold me fast and tenderly in the webbed hammock of life.
My brother the ant is a saint and a prophet. So is my brother sun, my sister moon, my beloved mountains, forests, and prairies, my brother sea, my trees and grasses and wild field flowers, storm clouds and rain drops, and my much older brother the wind. And my sisters and brothers fishes and worms, spiders and dogs and birds and bull snakes. And bats that fly quiet and tigers that hunt and rabbits that graze and flies that bite. And frogs that sing and gazelles that run and alpacas that browse for greens..
Also, my brother house that shields and sister stove that cooks, my soft rug that cushions and my wonderful blanket that warms. My sister car that takes me through the fluid cathedral beauty of God's dome to the places and people and things that I love.
They are saints in the purity of their essence, and they are prophets in the strength of their message. I walk through the world, and with every step I am prophesied to by everything that surrounds me. The universe sings and whispers and tries to help me understand what God is saying.
I too am a great prophet, and so are you. Probably you are. We are if we let ourselves.
We've been imbued with a message of God, and all we must do is let it flow forth from us. This is our nature, the way that we are, and all we have to do is be what we are, pure in our essence. In other words, it seems, to be God's prophets, we have to be God's saints. It's just that easy.
It's not always easy, though, is it? The Word of God can be a heavy burden, a bitter taste, a prickly surface. Much of our essence is soaked in toxic juices of the world's suffering – its violence, pain, and death. Some of our messages end in a dash.
Some twenty five hundred years ago, Jeremiah the priest and great prophet began to collapse under the weight of his dark preaching. Everywhere he looked, his prophecy was violence and destruction. And he wanted to quit, to lay down his burden, to stop speaking the bitter word and to rest – as all of us do. But not speaking the Word that is given to us is not being ourselves. Can an ant stop being an ant?
When we fight our prophecy, we fight our nature.
When we fight our prophecy, we fight our sainthood.
When we fight our prophecy, we fight ourselves.
When Jeremiah attempted to quit his preaching, the message he carried burned him from inside. "If I say, 'I will not mention His word or speak anymore in His name,'" he cried, "His word is in my heart like a fire, a fire shut up in my bones" (20:9 NIV). He tried holding it in and could not, could not walk away from himself. Jeremiah was a saint, a prophet, and a victim of the world's suffering.
If you are my regular reader, you are not surprised at the recurrence of this, and you might recall my multiple stabs at the issue, most recently in "On Taking Up the Cross." If you are a friend of mine, you are probably laughing, remembering the many times you called me a "nice person" and my vigorous rejections of the compliment.
"Good" too is peace and welcome; safety is profoundly good, so are justice and beauty. But "good" will stand for those things till the last breath, long after "nice" has dissolved in the smoke of gunfire and clouds of tear gas. Good is not always nice, and nice is not always good.
It isn't nice to shout and scream and call people names, not nice to turn over vendors' tables – but he did that and more, the one I love, the one in whose footsteps billions of people around the planet claim to want to follow above all else. He was not always nice but was always, always good.
Can one be too nice? I say, yes. If nicety keeps us docile or quiet when action demands itself, then "nice" is not good. There are times when love demands conflict, confrontation, painful truth. Holding fast to the last line of defense. And there are times when love and good allow death and violence simply as a matter of natural circle of life. Because the water bug is not nice to the frog. And I am not nice to the carrot I eat. And the mosquito is not nice to me.
This fact of all-permeating suffering – or rather my awareness of it – used to plunge me into the deepest depression, into hopelessness, until the difference between "good" and "nice" began to dawn its importance upon me. The world on the whole, full of beauty and of terror, full of ecstasy and agony, is not nice, but it doesn't mean the world is not good. The world cannot be nice, for suffering is an absolutely inevitable, necessary predicate of temporality. A temporal universe could be all kinds of ways, maybe, but one way or another, it would have suffering, because it must by definition. In temporality, passing away is inherent, and that is death. In temporality, movement is inherent, and that is function. In function that passes away, dysfunction is inherent, and the signal of dysfunction is pain. Often we are grateful for the pain, or we wouldn't know to attend to our dysfunctions, and the result would be death every time. With death comes loss. The signal of loss is fear. The memory of loss is grief. These are just forms and terms and words and perceptions of the basic structure of a temporal world. They are difficult; that's their purpose. That they "feel bad" has nothing to do with the world's ontological goodness.
Like pain that, physiologically speaking, must feel bad enough to draw our attention to a bodily dysfunction, all of the world's suffering is testament to its imperfection, nothing more, and imperfection of the world is news to no one. The universe is still baking, still in the process of Creation, but it doesn't make it bad any more than a pie is bad because it is still in the oven.
"Good" is the nature of God and in that the fabric of reality. Love is the temporal form of the Good, its outpouring that actively flows through the universe, making it what it is: love is the unifying fabric of temporal reality. Suffering is part of the nature of our universe, temporally simpler than God and thus requiring beginning and ending of things. That is good, therefore, which moves toward and acts according with the nature of God and in sync with the fabric of reality called Love. That is good which lives its true nature fully and authentically, joy and suffering and all. Embrace and hunt. Self-sacrifice and predation. That is bad which ignores its nature, lets dysfunction take over one way or another in an extreme of intentional violence or self-inflicted guilt, arrogant disposal of resources or hopeless withdrawal from the fight for the life of the Earth.
This is the sainthood and the prophethood of the ant, of the mountain, and of the carrot. This is not the only but today's, perhaps, message from God delivered by the frog and the water bug: Creation is good, good truly, good indeed, for it is to its tiniest drop permeated with the nature of God, and toward the Kingdom of God it is growing and blossoming, creating itself. But if you stand before a creation as if outside of it, watching it as if looking at a picture, expecting it to be nice, it will shock you and hurt you and plunge you into a deep depression. Because Love demands that it tell you the truth.
I feel loss of my sister the frog, and I miss her already. I can't even imagine the journey she's on right now. And I feel her within me, a minute addition to the Kingdom of God. And I walk toward the time when it will be my turn.


Vladimir Gusev was a surprise new member of the 7-man board of directors, voted by Mechel shareholders at their annual general meeting on Thursday. The controlling stake is held by Igor Zyuzin, who has reported to the US Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) that he holds 66.76%. J.P. Morgan holds another 5.7%; Mechel management less than 1%; and the remainder of 26.34% comprises the free float, including no individual stakeholder with more than 5%.
The board remained as it was in 2008 at seven. Independent Alexander Yevtushenko was elected the new chairman, replacing Valentin Proskurnya. Yevtushenko comes from coalmining, and has served in both corporate and government positions in the sector. Proskurnya is also from the coal-mining sector. Altogether, counting Zyuzin, four of the new 7 directors are coalminers. The only steel veteran left on the board is Valentin Polin, the senior vice president and chief operating officer.
Gusev replaced the Mechel and Glencore veteran, Alexei Ivanushkin, a trader by background, who was recently shunted out of the central group management, and into the chief executive's post at the ferroalloy division (formerly Oriel Resources). Gusev is described by the company as an independent. From 20005 to 2008, he served as deputy director of the Federal Tax Service (FTS).
In its June 24 Form-20F filing with the SEC, Mechel disclosed a number of tax claims and litigations that have been pending in Moscow between the company and the tax service. Several appear to date from Gusev's tenure at the FTS. The largest of the claims, filed as a formal appeal against an FTS adjudication last October, sought additional tax of Rb3.6 billion ($116 million) for the years 2005 and 2006. In March of this year, the company filing says, "the Moscow Arbitrazh Court invalidated the tax authorities' assessment in part, but recognized a tax assessment in the remaining amount of 421.5 million rubles. The decision has not yet come into force. Both sides appealed the decision." Another case moved through the courts during 2008, as Mechel sought to overturn an assessment, also for 2005-2006, of Rb454 million ($14.6 million). The SEC filing claims that Mechel won and overturned the assessment at the appellate level, but a further appeal may occur. According to Mechel, "we consider it unlikely that such an appeal will be successful".
Company spokesman Ilya Zhitomirsky told CRU Steel News Mechel will not comment on the tax matters. Another senior Mechel executive said: "I can officially tell you that now Mechel has no problems with the tax service".
The Form 20-F reveals that Mechel's Russian tax payments and liabilities for 2006 through 2008 "as of December 31, 2008…remained subject to examination by Russian tax authorities." For the three-year period, Mechel reports aggregate income before tax of $3.7 billion, and income tax paid of $705 million (19%). Income tax was calculated for Mechel units at 24% of taxable profit in Russia (changed to 20% from the start of 2009); at 10.5% in Switzerland, at 16% in Romania, at 15% in Lithuania and at 30% in Kazakhstan. The Group's subsidiaries incorporated in Liechtenstein and British Virgin Islands are exempt from profit tax. Trading units of the group are registered in Switzerland, Germany, and Liechtenstein.


At a recent tasting of the newly released five-star 2010 vintage of Brunello di Montalcino, I had a chance to go through several wines in depth at a seminar. But the seminar sample of Val di Suga's was flat and not that interesting, so I headed down to the tasting floor to see if it was just my sample. I found that the wine on the floor was more like winemaker Andrea Lonardi's description: good acidity, silky, with delicate fruit and salty minerality. Lonardi works with a group of young winemakers on the winery's estates and he favors such neutral wood that they are moving back to the region's historic, native chestnut for some of their ageing. He also said that intensity of color is less important to him, citing Burgundy as an illustration; perhaps we, as consumers, have finally moved past the (false) conviction that a great wine must have extremely concentrated color?
Somehow, I always seem to notice what's different about wines from a particular area, instead of what the wines have in common. Brunellos are made from 100% sangiovese grapes, the only DOCG area in Tuscany with this requirement. So there may be more blending than single vineyard styles here, to balance and round out the wines. But in certain years, producer Val di Suga also separately bottles wines from their vineyards in three different parts of the region, which they showed at this tasting. These wines were from the 2009 vintage, a four-star vintage in general, but extremely good in these examples of 2009 Brunello di Montalcino DOCG. The 2009 Poggio al Granchio, with high vineyards south east of the town of Montalcino, was full of mineral and tobacco. The 2009 Vigna del Lago was made from grapes grown in cool, clayey vineyards at a lower altitude, to the north of Montalcino, and it had sweeter fruit and lighter tannins. The 2009 Vigna Spuntali, from sandy, warmer vineyards southwest of Montalcino, had big, great cherry flavors overriding its tannins. Unfortunately, these 2009 bottlings are not sold in all countries, but they are worth trying if you get the chance.
Read more about 2010 Brunello di Montalcino here.


text:
Bryce's "The Holy Roman Empire" (Part 14)
Posted by P.G. Mantel | Sep 20, 2018 | Culture, History, Literature, Religion | 0 |
Editor's Note: The following comprises the fourteenth chapter of The Holy Roman Empire, by James Bryce (published 1871). All spelling in the original.
(Continued from Part 13)
CHAPTER XIV
THE GERMANIC CONSTITUTION: THE SEVEN ELECTORS
Territorial Sovereignty of the Princes
Adolf, 1292-1298, Albert I, 1298-1308, Henry VII, 1308-1314, Lewis IV, 1314-1347
The reign of Frederick the Second was not less fatal to the domestic power of the German king than to the European supremacy of the Emperor. His two Pragmatic Sanctions had conferred rights that made the feudal aristocracy almost independent, and the long anarchy of the Interregnum had enabled them not only to use but to extend and fortify their power. Rudolf of Hapsburg had striven, not wholly in vain, to coerce their insolence, but the contest between his son Albert and Adolf of Nassau which followed his death, the short and troubled reign of Albert himself, the absence of Henry the Seventh in Italy, the civil war of Lewis of Bavaria and Frederick duke of Austria, rival claimants of the imperial throne, the difficulties in which Lewis, the successful competitor, found himself involved with the Pope—all these circumstances tended more and more to narrow the influence of the crown and complete the emancipation of the turbulent nobles. They now became virtually supreme in their own domains, enjoying full jurisdiction, certain appeals excepted, the right of legislation, privileges of coining money, of levying tolls and taxes: some were without even a feudal bond to remind them of their allegiance. The numbers of the immediate nobility—those who held directly of the crown—had increased prodigiously by the extinction of the dukedoms of Saxony, Franconia, and Swabia: along the Rhine the lord of a single tower was usually a sovereign prince. The petty tyrants whose boast it was that they owed fealty only to God and the Emperor, shewed themselves in practice equally regardless of both powers. Pre-eminent were the three great houses of Austria, Bavaria, and Luxemburg, this last having acquired Bohemia, A.D. 1309; next came the electors, already considered collectively more important than the Emperor, and forming for themselves the first considerable principalities. Brandenburg and the Rhenish Palatinate are strong independent states before the end of this period: Bohemia and the three archbishoprics almost from its beginning. The chief object of the magnates was to keep the monarch in his present state of helplessness. Till the expenses which the crown entailed were found ruinous to its wearer, their practice was to confer it on some petty prince, such as were Rudolf and Adolf of Nassau and Gunther of Schwartzburg, seeking when they could to keep it from settling in one family. They bound the newly-elected to respect all their present immunities, including those which they had just extorted as the price of their votes; they checked all his attempts to recover lost lands or rights: they ventured at last to depose their anointed head, Wenzel of Bohemia.
Policy of the Emperors
Thus fettered, the Emperor sought only to make the most of his short tenure, using his position to aggrandize his family and raise money by the sale of crown estates and privileges. His individual action and personal relation to the subject was replaced by a merely legal and formal one: he represented order and legitimate ownership, and so far was still necessary to the political system. But progresses through the country were abandoned: unlike his predecessors, who had resigned their patrimony when they assumed the sceptre, he lived mostly in his own states, often without the Empire's bounds. Frederick III never entered it for twenty-seven years. How thoroughly the national character of the office was gone is shewn by the repeated attempts to bestow it on foreign potentates, who could not fill the place of a German king of the good old vigorous type. Not to speak of Richard and Alfonso, Charles of Valois was proposed against Henry VII, Edward III of England actually elected against Charles IV (his parliament forbade him to accept), George Podiebrad, king of Bohemia, against Frederick III. Sigismund was virtually a Hungarian king.
Power of the cities
The Emperor's only hope would have been in the support of the cities. During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries they had increased wonderfully in population, wealth, and boldness: the Hanseatic confederacy was the mightiest power of the North, and cowed the Scandinavian kings: the towns of Swabia and the Rhine formed great commercial leagues, maintained regular wars against the counter-associations of the nobility, and seemed at one time, by an alliance with the Swiss, on the point of turning West Germany into a federation of free municipalities.
Financial distress
Feudalism, however, was still too strong; the cavalry of the nobles was irresistible in the field, and the thoughtless Wenzel let slip a golden opportunity of repairing the losses of two centuries. After all, the Empire was perhaps past redemption, for one fatal ailment paralyzed all its efforts. The Empire was poor. The crown lands, which had suffered heavily under Frederick II, were further usurped during the confusion that followed; till at last, through the reckless prodigality of sovereigns who sought only their immediate interest, little was left of the vast and fertile domains along the Rhine from which the Saxon and Franconian Emperors had drawn the chief part of their revenue. Regalian rights, the second fiscal resource, had fared no better—tolls, customs, mines, rights of coining, of harbouring Jews, and so forth, were either seized or granted away: even the advowsons of churches had been sold or mortgaged; and the imperial treasury depended mainly on an inglorious traffic in honours and exemptions. Things were so bad under Rudolf that the electors refused to make his son Albert king of the Romans, declaring that, while Rudolf lived, the public revenue which with difficulty supported one monarch, could much less maintain two at the same time. Sigismund told his Diet, 'Nihil esse imperio spoliatius, nihil egentius, adeo ut qui sibi ex Germaniæ principibus successurus esset, qui præter patrimonium nihil aliud habuerit, apud eum non imperium sed potius servitium sit futurum.' Patritius, the secretary of Frederick III, declared that the revenues of the Empire scarcely covered the expenses of its ambassadors. Poverty such as these expressions point to, a poverty which became greater after each election, not only involved the failure of the attempts which were sometimes made to recover usurped rights, but put every project of reform within or war without at the mercy of a jealous Diet. The three orders of which that Diet consisted, electors, princes, and cities, were mutually hostile, and by consequence selfish; their niggardly grants did no more than keep the Empire from dying of inanition.
Charles IV
Charles IV (A.D. 1347-1378), and his electoral constitution
The changes thus briefly described were in progress when Charles the Fourth, king of Bohemia, son of that blind king John of Bohemia who fell at Cressy, and grandson of the Emperor Henry VII, was chosen to ascend the throne. His skilful and consistent policy aimed at settling what he perhaps despaired of reforming, and the famous instrument which, under the name of the Golden Bull, became the corner-stone of the Germanic constitution, confessed and legalized the independence of the electors and the powerlessness of the crown. The most conspicuous defect of the existing system was the uncertainty of the elections, followed as they usually were by a civil war. It was this which Charles set himself to redress.
German kingdom not originally elective
The kingdoms founded on the ruins of the Roman Empire by the Teutonic invaders presented in their original form a rude combination of the elective with the hereditary principle. One family in each tribe had, as the offspring of the gods, an indefeasible claim to rule, but from among the members of such a family the warriors were free to choose the bravest or the most popular as king. That the German crown came to be purely elective, while in France, Castile, Aragon, England, and most other European states, the principle of strict hereditary succession established itself, was due to the failure of heirs male in three successive dynasties; to the restless ambition of the nobles, who, since they were not, like the French, strong enough to disregard the royal power, did their best to weaken it; to the intrigues of the churchmen, zealous for a method of appointment prescribed by their own law and observed in capitular elections; to the wish of the Popes to gain an opening for their own influence and make effective the veto which they claimed; above all, to the conception of the imperial office as one too holy to be, in the same manner as the regal, transmissible by blood. Had the German, like other feudal kingdoms, remained merely local, feudal, and national, it would without doubt have ended by becoming a hereditary monarchy. Transformed as it was by the Roman Empire, this could not be. The headship of the human race being, like the Papacy, the common inheritance of all mankind, could not be confined to any family, nor pass like a private estate by the ordinary rules of descent.
Electoral body in primitive times
The right to choose the war-chief belonged, in the earliest ages, to the whole body of freemen. Their suffrage, which must have been very irregularly exercised, became by degrees vested in their leaders, but the assent of the multitude, although ensured already, was needed to complete the ceremony. It was thus that Henry the Fowler, and St. Henry, and Conrad the Franconian duke were chosen. Though even tradition might have commemorated what extant records place beyond a doubt, it was commonly believed, till the end of the sixteenth century, that the elective constitution had been established, and the privilege of voting confined to seven persons, by a decree of Gregory V and Otto III, which a famous jurist describes as 'lex a pontifice de imperatorum comitiis lata, ne ius eligendi penes populum Romanum in posterum esset.' St. Thomas says, 'Election ceased from the times of Charles the Great to those of Otto III, when Pope Gregory V established that of the seven princes, which will last as long as the holy Roman Church, who ranks above all other powers, shall have judged expedient for Christ's faithful people.' Since it tended to exalt the papal power, this fiction was accepted, no doubt honestly accepted, and spread abroad by the clergy. And indeed, like so many other fictions, it had a sort of foundation in fact. The death of Otto III, the fourth of a line of monarchs among whom son had regularly succeeded to father, threw back the crown into the gift of the nation, and was no doubt one of the chief causes why it did not in the end become hereditary.
Encroachments of the great nobles
Thus, under the Saxon and Franconian sovereigns, the throne was theoretically elective, the assent of the chiefs and their followers being required, though little more likely to be refused than it was to an English or a French king; practically hereditary, since both of these dynasties succeeded in occupying it for four generations, the father procuring the son's election during his own lifetime. And so it might well have continued, had the right of choice been retained by the whole body of the aristocracy. But at the election of Lothar II, A.D. 1125, we find a certain small number of magnates exercising the so-called right of prætaxation; that is to say, choosing alone the future monarch, and then submitting him to the rest for their approval. A supreme electoral college, once formed, had both the will and the power to retain the crown in their own gift, and still further exclude their inferiors from participation. So before the end of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, two great changes had passed upon the ancient constitution. It had become a fundamental doctrine that the Germanic throne, unlike the thrones of other countries, was purely elective: nor could the influence and the liberal offers of Henry VI prevail on the princes to abandon what they rightly judged the keystone of their powers. And at the same time the right of prætaxation had ripened into an exclusive privilege of election, vested in a small body: the assent of the rest of the nobility being at first assumed, finally altogether dispensed with. On the double choice of Richard and Alfonso, A.D. 1264, the only question was as to the majority of votes in the electoral college: neither then nor afterwards was there a word of the rights of the other princes, counts and barons, important as their voices had been two centuries earlier.
The Holy Roman Emperor and the Seven Imperial Electors
The Seven Electors
The origin of that college is a matter somewhat intricate and obscure. It is mentioned A.D. 1152, and in somewhat clearer terms in 1198, as a distinct body; but without anything to shew who composed it. First in A.D. 1265 does a letter of Pope Urban IV say that by immemorial custom the right of choosing the Roman king belonged to seven persons, the seven who had just divided their votes on Richard of Cornwall and Alfonso of Castile. Of these seven, three, the archbishops of Mentz, Treves, and Cologne, pastors of the richest Transalpine sees, represented the German church: the other four ought, according to the ancient constitution, to have been the dukes of the four nations, Franks, Swabians, Saxons, Bavarians, to whom had also belonged the four great offices of the imperial household. But of these dukedoms the two first named were now extinct, and their place and power in the state, as well as the household offices they had held, had descended upon two principalities of more recent origin, those, namely, of the Palatinate of the Rhine and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. The Saxon duke, though with greatly narrowed dominions, retained his vote and office of arch-marshal, and the claim of his Bavarian compeer would have been equally indisputable had it not so happened that both he and the Palsgrave of the Rhine were members of the great house of Wittelsbach. That one family should hold two votes out of seven seemed so dangerous to the state that it was made a ground of objection to the Bavarian duke, and gave an opening to the pretensions of the king of Bohemia, who, though not properly a Teutonic prince, might on the score of rank and power assert himself the equal of any one of the electors.
Golden Bull of Charles IV, A.D. 1356
The dispute between these rival claimants, as well as all the rules and requisites of the election, were settled by Charles the Fourth in the Golden Bull, thenceforward a fundamental law of the Empire. He decided in favour of Bohemia, of which he was then king; fixed Frankfort as the place of election; named the archbishop of Mentz convener of the electoral college; gave to Bohemia the first, to the Count Palatine the second place among the secular electors. A majority of votes was in all cases to be decisive. As to each electorate there was attached a great office, it was supposed that this was the title by which the vote was possessed; though it was in truth rather an effect than a cause. The three prelates were archchancellors of Germany, Gaul and Burgundy, and Italy respectively: Bohemia cupbearer, the Palsgrave seneschal, Saxony marshal, and Brandenburg chamberlain.
Eighth Electorate
These arrangements, under which disputed elections became far less frequent, remained undisturbed till A.D. 1618, when on the breaking out of the Thirty Years' War the Emperor Ferdinand II by an unwarranted stretch of prerogative deprived the Palsgrave Frederick (king of Bohemia, and husband of Elizabeth, the daughter of James I of England) of his electoral vote, and transferred it to his own partisan, Maximilian of Bavaria. At the peace of Westphalia the Palsgrave was reinstated as an eighth elector, Bavaria retaining her place.
Ninth Electorate
The sacred number having been once broken through, less scruple was felt in making further changes. In A.D. 1692, the Emperor Leopold I conferred a ninth electorate on the house of Brunswick Lüneburg, which was then in possession of the duchy of Hanover, and succeeded to the throne of Great Britain in 1714; and in A.D. 1708, the assent of the Diet thereto was obtained. It was in this way that English kings came to vote at the election of a Roman Emperor.
It is not a little curious that the only potentate who still continues to entitle himself Elector should be one who never did (and of course never can now) join in electing an Emperor, having been under the arrangements of the old Empire a simple Landgrave. In A.D. 1803, Napoleon, among other sweeping changes in the Germanic constitution, procured the extinction of the electorates of Cologne and Treves, annexing their territories to France, and gave the title of Elector, as the highest after that of king, to the duke of Würtemburg, the Margrave of Baden, the Landgrave of Hessen-Cassel, and the archbishop of Salzburg. Three years afterwards the Empire itself ended, and the title became meaningless.
As the Germanic Empire is the most conspicuous example of a monarchy not hereditary that the world has ever seen, it may not be amiss to consider for a moment what light its history throws upon the character of elective monarchy in general, a contrivance which has always had, and will probably always continue to have, seductions for a certain class of political theorists.
Objects of an elective monarchy: how far attained in Germany
First of all then it deserves to be noticed how difficult, one might almost say impossible, it was found to maintain in practice the elective principle. In point of law, the imperial throne was from the tenth century to the nineteenth absolutely open to any orthodox Christian candidate. But as a matter of fact, the competition was confined to a few very powerful families, and there was always a strong tendency for the crown to become hereditary in some one of these. Thus the Franconian Emperors held it from A.D. 1024 till 1125, the Hohenstaufen, themselves the heirs of the Franconians, for a century or more; the house of Luxemburg (kings of Bohemia) enjoyed it through three successive reigns, and when in the fifteenth century it fell into the tenacious grasp of the Hapsburgs, they managed to retain it thenceforth (with but one trifling interruption) till it vanished out of nature altogether.
Choice of the fittest
Therefore the chief benefit which the scheme of elective sovereignty seems to promise, that of putting the fittest man in the highest place, was but seldom attained, and attained even then rather by good fortune than design.
Restraint of the sovereign
No such objection can be brought against the second ground on which an elective system has sometimes been advocated, its operation in moderating the power of the crown, for this was attained in the fullest and most ruinous measure. We are reminded of the man in the fable, who opened a sluice to water his garden, and saw his house swept away by the furious torrent. The power of the crown was not moderated but destroyed. Each successful candidate was forced to purchase his title by the sacrifice of rights which had belonged to his predecessors, and must repeat the same shameful policy later in his reign to procure the election of his son. Feeling at the same time that his family could not make sure of keeping the throne, he treated it as a life-tenant is apt to treat his estate, seeking only to make out of it the largest present profit. And the electors, aware of the strength of their position, presumed upon it and abused it to assert an independence such as the nobles of other countries could never have aspired to.
Recognition of the popular will
Modern political speculation supposes the method of appointing a ruler by the votes of his subjects, as opposed to the system of hereditary succession, to be an assertion by the people of their own will as the ultimate fountain of authority, an acknowledgment by the prince that he is no more than their minister and deputy. To the theory of the Holy Empire nothing could be more repugnant. This will best appear when the aspect of the system of election at different epochs in its history is compared with the corresponding changes in the composition of the electoral body which have been described as in progress from the ninth to the fourteenth century. In very early times, the tribe chose a war chief, who was, even if he belonged to the most noble family, no more than the first among his peers, with a power circumscribed by the will of his subjects. Several ages later, in the tenth and eleventh centuries, the right of choice had passed into the hands of the magnates, and the people were only asked to assent. In the same measure had the relation of prince and subject taken a new aspect. We must not expect to find, in such rude times, any very clear apprehension of the technical quality of the process, and the throne had indeed become for a season so nearly hereditary that the election was often a mere matter of form. But it seems to have been regarded, not as a delegation of authority by the nobles and people, with a power of resumption implied, but rather as their subjection of themselves to the monarch who enjoys, as of his own right, a wide and ill-defined prerogative. In yet later times, when, as has been shewn above, the assembly of the chieftains and the applauding shout of the host had been superseded by the secret conclave of the seven electoral princes, the strict legal view of election became fully established, and no one was supposed to have any title to the crown except what a majority of votes might confer upon him.
Conception of the electoral function
Meantime, however, the conception of the imperial office itself had been thoroughly penetrated by religious ideas, and the fact that the sovereign did not, like other princes, reign by hereditary right, but by the choice of certain persons, was supposed to be an enhancement and consecration of his dignity. The electors, to draw what may seem a subtle, but is nevertheless a very real distinction, selected, but did not create. They only named the person who was to receive what it was not theirs to give. God, say the mediæval writers, not deigning to interfere visibly in the affairs of this world, has willed that these seven princes of Germany should discharge the function which once belonged to the senate and people of Rome, that of choosing his earthly viceroy in matters temporal. But it is immediately from Himself that the authority of this viceroy comes, and men can have no relation towards him except that of obedience. It was in this period, therefore, when the Emperor was in practice the mere nominee of the electors, that the belief in this divine right stood highest, to the complete exclusion of the mutual responsibility of feudalism, and still more of any notion of a devolution of authority from the sovereign people.
General results of Charles IV's policy
Peace and order appeared to be promoted by the institutions of Charles IV, which removed one fruitful cause of civil war. But these seven electoral princes acquired, with their extended privileges, a marked and dangerous predominance in Germany. They were to enjoy full regalian rights in their territories; causes were not to be evoked from their courts, save when justice should have been denied: their consent was necessary to all public acts of consequence. Their persons were held to be sacred, and the seven mystic luminaries of the Holy Empire, typified by the seven lamps of the Apocalypse, soon gained much of the Emperor's hold on popular reverence, as well as that actual power which he lacked. To Charles, who viewed the German Empire much as Rudolf had viewed the Roman, this result came not unforeseen. He saw in his office a means of serving personal ends, and to them, while appearing to exalt by elaborate ceremonies its ideal dignity, he deliberately sacrificed what real strength was left. The object which he sought steadily through life was the prosperity of the Bohemian kingdom, and the advancement of his own house. In the Golden Bull, whose seal bears the legend,—
'Roma caput mundi regit orbis frena rotundi,'
there is not a word of Rome or of Italy. To Germany he was indirectly a benefactor, by the foundation of the University of Prague, the mother of all her schools: otherwise her bane. He legalized anarchy, and called it a constitution. The sums expended in obtaining the ratification of the Golden Bull, in procuring the election of his son Wenzel, in aggrandizing Bohemia at the expense of Germany, had been amassed by keeping a market in which honours and exemptions, with what lands the crown retained, were put up openly to be bid for. In Italy the Ghibelines saw, with shame and rage, their chief hasten to Rome with a scanty retinue, and return from it as swiftly, at the mandate of an Avignonese Pope, halting on his route only to traffic away the last rights of his Empire. The Guelf might cease to hate a power he could now despise.
Thus, alike at home and abroad, the German king had become practically powerless by the loss of his feudal privileges, and saw the authority that had once been his parcelled out among a crowd of greedy and tyrannical nobles. Meantime how had it fared with the rights which he claimed by virtue of the imperial crown?
(Continue to Part 15)
PreviousBryce's "The Holy Roman Empire" (Part 13)
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Speaking Truth to Whom, Exactly?
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Medal Of Honor: SFC Fred William Zabitosky
Genealogy Of Christ

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There will be a bus change that will happen at Old Mill Elementary for the Lake Point area starting Monday, April 9th.
Due to overcrowding on some of the busses in the Lake Point area, the Transportation Department has implemented a change. The bus stop at 7253 Ridge Road pick up and drop off time will remain the same, but the bus will change from Bus 3 to Bus 13. If there are any questions please contact the Transportation Department at 435-833-1916.


Bangladesh Foundry & Engineering Works Limited is the biggest assembly group in Bangladesh. They offer turnkey assembly services for a wide selection of industrial and roads projects. This is involving complete engineering and construction services. BFEW assume design and construction of these projects with single-resource task. They have experience and resources to perform difficult projects on time with global standard of quality. The function of project planning, preparation and monitor is an essential part of the structure management method for this company. It has quality in project management for highest customer satisfaction.
These functions are fully automated based on web base enterprise resource planning solution. Latest project monitoring software enclose for regular monitoring of the projects. This company aimed to be the scale for construction industry. BFEW has been planning and control division is manned by highly trained and qualified managers and engineers. They can maintain huge data bank of commercial information related to Bangladesh and international suppliers.
BFEW faithfully believes in using the best technology for each project. People can freely invest their money for the creation technology. This cell is under planning and control division trials and estimates new construction equipment. The materials and techniques, study their practicality for useful in the assembly process. The finance division of BFEW plays the most vital role in project execution by ensuring soft fund run as per fund projections and keeping tough budgetary controls. Fully computerized operations provide vital inputs to the progress of work. Integrated Management System is promised to ensure reliability of work performs to improve customer satisfaction. BFEW endorses building Vocational Training in Bangladesh. It managed in an expert manner through assembly skills training institute. It turns out major numbers of trained workers. The success of BFEW is dependent upon a reliable competitive improvement in hiring, rising and upgrading capable employees.


text:
Q: Printing a 2D element makes stage3d view disappear I have an application that consist of a 3D view and some 2D views. The problem occurs when I try to print one of the 2D views. The 3D view disappears after the printing has been performed.
I have replicated the problem with the Basic_Load3DS example from the Away3D. I added a red button for initiating the print job. The PrintJob prints the button and has nothing to do with the 3D view but the ant disappears after the printing is done.
You can try it here. Click on the red button and then OK in the printing dialogue that appears for the problem to occur. View source is available.
Here is the code that I added to the Basic_Load3DS example
private var _btn:Sprite;
protected function initExtra():void
{
 _btn = new Sprite();
 addChild(_btn);
 _btn.graphics.beginFill(0xff0000);
 _btn.graphics.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 100);
 _btn.y = 100;
 _btn.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK, print);
}
protected function print(e:Event):void
{
 var tPJ:PrintJob = new PrintJob();
 if (tPJ.start())
 {
  tPJ.addPage(_btn); //This line cause the problem
  tPJ.send();
 }
}

Nothing goes wrong if I comment out the line tPJ.addPage(_btn);
Any ideas on how to solve this problem? I'm in urgent need of a solution!

A: If you're trying to draw the entire 3D scene, you're trying to draw something that exists on the GPU, and not the CPU.  You'll have to draw the scene into a bitmap, then print it.
flash.display.Context3D.drawToBitmapData;
Secondly, you're just drawing a button?  Try creating a bitmap, then using drawtobitmapdata, then draw the stage -- this should give you the desired results.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
COVID-19 antibody testing and ELISA (Part 1)
Immunity, Infectious / May 29, 2020 / 2899
Mapmygenome India
The coronavirus outbreak was first seen in Wuhan city, China. The outbreak came into light when WHO declared the COVID-19 disease, a pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by SARS CoV virus. As of 29 May 2020, 5.9 million people were affected by the virus, and more than 362 thousand deaths were recorded. Many countries in the world are struggling to control the spread of the disease.
As of today, there is no specific drug or treatment that can be used to treat the disease. Many theories are being applied across the globe for the testing procedures, different procedures came into light to test the presence of viruses. There is an augmented demand of various diagnostic tests by countries across the world.
The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified the testing methods into two categories. The test includes the methods – viral testing and antibody testing. Viral testing – to detect the presence of virus itself, includes methods such as rt-PCR, isothermal nucleic acid amplification, antigen test etc. The antibody testing – to detect the antibodies produced , as an immune response to the infection.
Viral test :
The viral test method involves the use of a swab kit for collection of samples. The sample is taken from your respiratory system to check for the presence of SARS CoV-2 virus. The test kits are sent to laboratories for the analysis and interpretation, it takes 1-2 days to get the results.
RT-PCR (real time polymerase chain reaction) is the most widely used method. SARS CoV virus contains RNA as genetic material. After the samples (oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal) are collected from the individuals, RNA is extracted and used for the RT-PCR assay. The RT-PCR method is an effective technique, with an automated, high-throughput workflow, reliable instrumentation, and has become the preferred method.
Antibody test:
Antibody tests can be used to determine the percentage of the population that has contracted the disease and that is therefore presumed to be immune.However, there is no evidence that proves if a person is immune to disease even after developing the antibodies. The test involves coating viral proteins (in this case of SARS COV2 virus, the spike protein) on a plate. The samples collected are then applied on viral protein, and if the patient has antibodies to the viral protein they bind together. The antibody-antigen bound can then be detected with another wash of antibodies that produce a color that can be seen in fluorescence.
Benefits of antibody testing:
Antibody testing is a quick method and used as first-line screening for COVID, to enable population wide screening by testing on a larger scale.
This helps the government/organisation understand the true extent of the spread of the virus.
Antibody testing is also useful during organizational surveillance. Asymptomatic individuals (who are infected with the virus) can be identified through antibody testing.
Other benefits of antibody testing are selection of convalescent plasma donors (for therapy) and evaluation of host response to vaccines.
Also Read:Covid: To test or not to test, is that a question?
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and National Institute of Virology (NIV) announced that ELISA test can be used for the detection of coronavirus. Scientists have developed the indigenous IgG ELISA test for the antibody detection for the SARS CoV-2. The antibody test kits were tested in Mumbai and found to have high sensitivity and specificity.
What is an ELISA test?
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a serological test (blood test) based test that can be used to detect if a person is exposed to COVID or not. ELISA is a highly sensitive test that detects and measures the presence of antibodies, neurobiological analysis, cytokines, and other immune cells in blood.Antibodies are immunological proteins produced by the body in response to various pathogenic antigens that enter the body.
Why ELISA and how is it different from other diagnostic tests?
The currently used RT-PCR is the frontline method for the clinical diagnosis for COVID, the diagnosis validates the presence of the virus, if any. The test does not subsequently report about the infection and the recovery of the person. The collection of samples requires expertise.
The antibody test works on the same basic principle of the ELISA test. It takes 2-5 hours to get the results. The ELISA test helps know the frequency of the disease in the population. The test detects the presence of IgG antibodies. The IgG-ELISA provides a useful alternative to immunofluorescence to detect the presence of SARS-CoV2.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the ELISA test because of high sensitivity and specificity compared to other antibody tests. The test is specifically designed for surveillance purposes, screening large numbers of specimens at a time.
Basic principle of ELISA:
ELISA is performed in polystyrene microtiter plates. These plates consist of 96 wells or 384 wells. The reagents used in the ELISA test are immobilized which makes the procedure easy to perform. The assay has a monoclonal antibody coat (IgM, IgG antibodies are used). The most preferred antibody is IgG, which is purified and used in conjugate to avoid interference from other proteins when binding with the enzyme on the microtiter plate. When the blood samples are added, the primary antibody adheres to the protein.
A secondary antibody binds to a different epitope on the protein. The assay is labelled with biotin which allows for subsequent binding of a protein such as streptavidin– conjugated enzyme(commonly used enzymes are horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase). Any unbound serum components or the reagents are eliminated by thorough washing of the plates, PBS-T (Phosphate buffered saline along with Tween20) is generally used as the diluent, for removing any unbound molecules.
A chromogenic substrate (which develops a color based on the enzymatic reaction) is used for staining. Substrates such as Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) are used for the staining. The choice of the substrate mostly depends on the type of instrumentation (spectrophotometer, fluorometer and luminometer) used. The enzyme has a fluorescent tag that converts the substrate to a product that can be detected by a fluorometer. The concentration of the proteins is determined by the standard curve of known protein concentrations. Mean absorbance is calculated for the standard, controls and the samples. The standard curve is constructed by plotting the mean absorbance on the Y axis vs concentration on the X axis or by using a computer software program. Optical densities can be measured at different wavelengths using an ELISA plate reader.
So how is ELISA performed in a laboratory? Are the results foolproof? What does a positive/negative result mean? Stay tuned for Part 2 – where you can read all about the science behind this method.
Also Read: COVID-19 antibody testing and ELISA (Part 2)
Covid: To test or not to test, is that a question?
5 things India can do to scale up Covid Testing
An upcoming Covid 19 Risk & Immunity report for all Genomepatri customers
The pandemic of our times – COVID-19 – Infographics
Cytokine storm syndrome worsens COVID-19 outcomes
© 2021 Mapmygenome® - Know Yourself


text:
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A piece from the "Architecture In & Built World''
"Architecture In & Built World' opens at Ormond Memorial Museum
Wednesday, Sep. 28, 2016 |
The exhibit will run through November.
by: Emily Blackwood News Editor
Through the lens and eyes of three artists, the world of architecture will be explored in the upcoming exhibit at the Ormond Memorial Art Museum.
The works of photographer Alexandra Sorokolit Frankel and artists Julianne French and Bryce Speed will headline the show called "Architecture In & Built World'' opening with a special reception only at 6 p.m., Sept. 30.
The show, which is sponsored by Odyssey Travel and Viking River Cruises, will close Nov. 20.
Frankel, of New York City, married an Ormond Beach native and has strong family ties to this area. She was raised in Texas by parents who always had cameras ready so she felt comfortable exploring them at an early age. She holds a bachelor's degree in studio art and art history from the University of Texas in Austin.
"Before I became a mother nearly four years ago, that which inspired me most included travel (venturing out of my comfort zone), the open-minded energy of New York City, music (particularly live music), and exposure to other artists' work (both contemporary and from the past),'' said Frankel in a press release.
She hopes visitors who come to her first ever exhibit will evoke an emotional experience because that's what she finds so powerful about art.
French, a public school teacher of the gifted in Nassau County near Jacksonville, enjoyed an early interest in art, recalling a prize she won for a second grade project. Her work focuses on syncretism and how architecture establishes cultural identities.
The series of works for the Ormond Beach exhibit are created in ink and charcoal on heavyweight paper. French favors working in a series. The current show began as a drawing of the Roman Coliseum, charcoal, and grew from there.
Speed was very young when he began drawing cars, buildings and houses — "typical boy things.''
The assistant professor of art at the University of Alabama took private art lessons, then majored in art at college, earning bachelor's and master's degrees.
"I'm inspired by nature, sort of autobiographical subject matter," said Speed, a resident of Tuscaloosa, Alabama. "I like to take personal aspects and make them into universal statements that others can relate to, or understand or have some feelings about.''
The Ormond Memorial Art Museum is open from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily and noon to 4 p.m. on the weekend. The gardens, which contain architectural tributes to veterans, are open daily until dusk.
Admission is a $2 donation.
Hinson, Pathways, and Mainland students gather at flag pole for national prayer day
The man and his art: Perego brings unique talent to Ormond
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text:
Alex Rodriguez jokes about being single after J.Lo split
Alex Rodriguez may have lost Jennifer Lopez, but he still has his sense of humor.
While covering the American League Division Series, the former MLB star, 46, joked about his single status following his split from Lopez, 52, earlier this year.
It all started when the live FOX Sports broadcast started showing footage of players from the Tampa Bay Rays chilling in the dugout and eating popcorn.
"It's not the first time people had been eating popcorn in the middle of the game," co-anchor Kevin Burkhardt said, as throwback footage of Cameron Diaz, 49, hand-feeding Rodriguez popcorn during the 2010 Super Bowl popped on the screen.
"KB, that's maybe why I'm single," Rodriguez, who briefly dated Diaz from 2010 to 2011, quipped.
The moment caused all four anchors to burst into laughter, taking a moment to pause before moving on.
Meanwhile, Rodriguez's ex-fiancée had Ben Affleck mesmerized at yet another red carpet event, this time for the premiere of "The Last Duel" in New York City.
The duo seemingly couldn't take their eyes — or hands — off of each other Saturday night. At one point, Lopez used her clutch as a shield to cover their faces as Affleck, 49, pulled her in to steal a kiss right in front of the cameras.
Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez looked more in love than ever during their red carpet date night on Saturday.
Unlike A-Rod, Affleck has been gushing about how great his life has been now that he's rekindled his steamy romance with Lopez.
"I'm very happy. It is a very happy time in my life. Life is good," the actor said while attending "The Tender Bar" premiere on Oct. 4.


Soups: All soups are made to order.
Gieow Nam small 6 large 9.50 light chicken broth, chicken dumplings, shiitake, bok choy, fried garlic, scallions and cilantro.
Yum is a style of cooking typical of Thailand's Isaan region in the northeast which is heavily influenced by Thailand's northern neighbor Laos. These salads are typically fiery hot, with intense flavors and always tossed with lime juice. Enjoyed at room temperature. The spice level has been adjusted to suit the American palate. Yums come 1 star spicy. Herbs that may be added depending on the season: saw-tooth cilantro, mint, basil, cilantro and scallions.


text:
Q: NestJS object instantiation performance in NestJS, it is possible to define injection scope of injectable objects. (possibilities are: singleton, request, transient)
in the doc it is recommend to always use singleton scopes wherever possible, since f.e request scope will make nest instantiate providers on each request-response cycle, which can have an affect on the application's performance

Using request-scoped providers will have an impact on application performance. While Nest tries to cache as much metadata as possible, it will still have to create an instance of your class on each request. Hence, it will slow down your average response time and overall benchmarking result. Unless a provider must be request-scoped, it is strongly recommended that you use the default singleton scope.

Since when Object instantiation consumes so much resources?
that the entire framework is built around singleton instances,
making those instances kind of "state-full" in the sense where I can't really use "instance variable" safely, without the concern that 2 requests/consumers may use the same provider instance concurrently (due to the async nature of node) and conflict each other's instance variables?
here is what im trying to do:
export class MyClass {
 constructor (...some dependencies) {

 }

 someMethod(payload){
  this.myInstanceVariable = payload.data;
  someMethod2();
 }

 someMethod2(){
  // this.myInstanceVaraible usage, which i cant really trust it contains what i expect it to
 }
}

I come from a ruby background.
when i wrote services in ruby, each request would instantiating whatever services it needs, and once the request was done, all those objects would be automatically garbage-collected.
that way i could safely define instance-variables on my services - without being concerned about
"instances conflicts".

A: NestJS supports injection scopes. There are provider scopes, controller scopes.
In your case if you need to use the instance variable with a provider, you might be able to use the REQUEST scope which would create a new object instance per request.
@Injectable({ scope: Scope.REQUEST })
export class CatsService {}

You can read more on this at https://docs.nestjs.com/fundamentals/injection-scopes


text:
Iveco DV to Supply 280 Military Trucks to Germany
26.12.2017 Europe
Iveco Defence Vehicles (Iveco DV) received a significant order from the German BwFuhrpark Service GmbH for a new fleet of military medium multipurpose 4x4 trucks for the German Army. The order encompasses the delivery of 280 Eurocargo trucks within 2018.
The announcement, made on December 12, 2017, is a result of two years of intensive market evaluation and comprehensive practical trials with a demonstrator vehicle.
Following approval by such an exacting customer for its highly mobile and versatile features, the new military Eurocargo is affirmed amongst the official range of medium tactical trucks.
The MLL 150 E 28 WS vehicles will be supplied with an unprotected long-distance-driver cab with a highly comfortable new seating arrangement, flexible storage for radio systems and soldier equipment, off-road single tires, a roof hatch, a NATO-blackout-light, trailer version, a spare wheel carrier and an innovative multipurpose swap-body-frame to support multi-mission-operations outside Germany.
All vehicles will be fully Euro 6 emission compliant, including full single-fuel-operation-capability and offer a best-in-class payload.
Over the last decade, Iveco Defence Vehicles has delivered nearly 1,000 vehicles to the German Army from its wide product range (4x2, 4x4, 6x2, 6x4, 6x6 and 8x8), which have already been extensively fielded in operational areas such as Afghanistan and Mali. Recent contract awards with the Bundeswehr also include 133 armoured Trakker-8x8 trucks.
With this latest order, Iveco Defence Vehicles is reconfirmed as a reliable and innovative truck partner for the German Armed Forces.
Iveco Defence Vehicles is a brand of CNH Industrial N.V., a World leader in Capital Goods listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: CNHI) and on the Mercato Telematico Azionario of the Borsa Italiana (MI: CNHI). Iveco Defence Vehicles is dedicated to delivering innovative automotive and protection solutions to meet the needs of military customers worldwide.
The company manufactures specialist logistic, protected and armoured vehicles in its facility in Bolzano in Northern Italy, as well as marketing Iveco's full commercial range, adapted as necessary to meet the demands of the military user. In consequence, Iveco Defence Vehicles has a full range of vehicles to meet a broad spectrum of defence applications.
CNH Industrial N.V. (NYSE: CNHI /MI: CNHI) is a global leader in the capital goods sector with established industrial experience, a wide range of products and a worldwide presence.
Each of the individual brands belonging to the Company is a major international force in its specific industrial sector: Case IH, New Holland Agriculture and Steyr for tractors and agricultural machinery; Case and New Holland Construction for earth moving equipment; Iveco for commercial vehicles; Iveco Bus and Heuliez Bus for buses and coaches; Iveco Astra for quarry and construction vehicles; Magirus for firefighting vehicles; Iveco Defence Vehicles for defence and civil protection; and FPT Industrial for engines and transmissions.
Previous PostFrench Army Aviation Receives First Tiger HAD Retrofit
Next PostIveco DV to Supply 173 Military Trucks to Romania
Boeing to Upgrade Entire Spanish Chinook Helicopter Fleet
Boeing will upgrade all 17 of Spain's CH-47D Chinook helicopters to the F-model configuration, adding features such as the digital
Leonardo Opens 2nd Maritime Navigation Support Centre in Turkey
A ceremony was held in Izmir, Turkey Thursday for the inauguration of the town's new maritime traffic and navigation support centre
Leonardo to Supply Super Rapid Systems to New German Corvettes
Leonardo signed a contract with the Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr, the German Federal
Nexter's Solutions for Tomorrow's Navies at Euronaval 2018
Nexter, a KNDS group company, European leader in land defense, is present at the Euronaval exhibition from 23 to 26 October 2018 in
Boeing, Rohde & Schwarz to Offer R&S SDAR to H-47 Chinook Customers
Boeing and Rohde & Schwarz have reached an agreement to offer Rohde & Schwarz's next-generation software-defined airborne
Rohde & Schwarz's Next Generation Airborne Radios at ILA Berlin
Rohde & Schwarz is expanding its successful R&S M3AR family of airborne radios with another high-end radio.


text:
Dopo aver fatto parte della formazione a tre Os Mutantes, ha intrapreso una fortunata carriera da solista: è la donna brasiliana ad aver venduto il maggior numero di dischi nel mondo (oltre 60 milioni di copie).

Biografia

Rita Lee è nata nel 1947 da padre statunitense (Charles Fenley Jones) e madre brasiliana (Romilda Padula, i cui genitori erano immigrati italiani); ha due sorelle, Mary Lee e Virginia Lee. Ha studiato con profitto in un prestigioso istituto superiore privato (parla correntemente diverse lingue, tra cui l'italiano).

Nel 1968, insieme a Sergio Dias e Arnaldo Baptista, ha formato il trio Os Mutantes, del quale è stata la cantante: oltre a incidere i loro dischi, tutti nel segno del cosiddetto Tropicalismo ma con una tendenza al rock progressivo e alle atmosfere psichedeliche, i tre hanno accompagnato diversi colleghi, e soprattutto Gilberto Gil. La fama verrà consolidata dalla presenza fissa in uno show tv condotto dal loro collega Ronnie Von.

Nel 1970 Rita Lee ha pubblicato il suo primo lavoro da solista, ricongiungendosi tuttavia quasi subito a Sergio Dias e ad Arnaldo Baptista, da lei sposato l'anno successivo. Il gruppo ha inciso altri tre album nel biennio 1971-72, per poi sciogliersi insieme al matrimonio di Rita Lee e Arnaldo. In seguito Arnaldo e Sergio sono tornati a esibirsi insieme conservando il nome della loro formazione senza Rita Lee che dopo le brevi esperienze nel duo femminile Cilibrinas do Éden e nel gruppo Tutti Frutti ha ripreso invece a incidere dischi in proprio, pur con una band di supporto. L'artista ha quindi collezionato una serie di successi, ottenuti senza dubbio anche grazie all'inserimento delle sue canzoni nelle colonne sonore di molte telenovelas (in particolare Dancin' Days, Happy End, Destini), che hanno contribuito alla sua affermazione successiva al di fuori del Brasile. Per quanto riguarda l'Italia, Rita Lee negli anni ottanta ha tenuto una memorabile performance in un programma Rai, Te lo do io il Brasile di Beppe Grillo, dove ha eseguito le sue canzoni più celebri da solista: Baila Comigo, Lança Perfume, Saude.

In seguito Rita Lee è diventata una star televisiva nel suo Paese come moderatrice di talk-show per varie emittenti, ed è stata anche VJ a MTV Brasil. Ha inoltre ottenuto alcune parti secondarie in telenovelas e pellicole brasiliane. Non paga, si è cimentata nella scrittura, con tre libri per l'infanzia.

Vita privata
Dopo aver divorziato da Arnaldo Batista, nel 1976 Rita Lee si è risposata, con il polistrumentista Roberto de Carvalho, che l'ha resa madre di tre maschi (il primogenito, Beto Lee, è anch'egli cantante e musicista). In precedenza era stata fidanzata col suo produttore, lo statunitense Andy Mills, famoso per aver gestito anche l'attività artistica di Alice Cooper. Attivista per i diritti degli animali, Rita Lee possiede cani, gatti, tartarughe e anche topolini; risiede in una fattoria a San Paolo.

Influenze nella cultura di massa
 Rita Lee è citata nella canzone Sanpa di Caetano Veloso.
 Nel 1996 è stata omaggiata dalla collega Ná Ozzetti, che le ha dedicato l'album Love Lee Rita.
 Il nome brasiliano del personaggio Disney italiano Paperetta Yè Yè è «Pata Lee» in onore della cantante.
 Spera, aspetta e spera, canzone di Raffaella Carrà, è una cover in italiano di uno dei cavalli di battaglia di Rita Lee, Lança Perfume.

Discografia parziale

Album con Os Mutantes

1972 - Mutantes e Seus Cometas no País do Baurets (Polydor, 1972)
1971 - Jardim Elétrico (Polydor, 1971)
1971 - Tecnicolor (Universal, 1971; ritoccato nel 2000)
1970 - A Divina Comédia ou Ando Meio Desligado (Polydor, 1970)
1969 - Mutantes (Polydor, 1969)
1968 - Os Mutantes (Polydor, 1968)
1968 - Tropicália: ou Panis et Circenses (Philips, 1968. Album collettivo con Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso, Tom Zé, Nara Leão e Gal Costa)

Album da solista
2012 - Reza
2003 - Balacobaco
2001 - Aqui, Ali, Em Qualquer Lugar (aka Bossa'n Beatles)
2000 - Rita ReLEEda (remixes)
2000 - 3001
1997 - Santa Rita de Sampa
1993 - Todas as Mulheres do Mundo
1990 - Rita Lee e Roberto de Carvalho
1989 - Dias Melhores Virão (soundtrack)
1988 - Zona Zen
1987 - Flerte Fatal
1985 - Rita e Roberto
1984 - Rita Hits (two medleys remixed compilation)
1983 - Bombom
1983 - Baila Conmigo (in spagnolo)
1982 - Rita Lee e Roberto de Carvalho
1981 - Saúde
1980 - Rita Lee
1979 - Rita Lee
1978 - Babilônia
1976 - Entradas e Bandeiras
1975 - Fruto Proibido
1974 - Atrás do Porto Tem Uma Cidade
1972 - Hoje é o Primero Dia do Resto da Sua Vida (Cláudio César Dias Baptista talking and playing "zabumba")
1970 - Build Up

Filmografia

Bibliografia
 André Barcinski, Pavões Misteriosos - 1974-1983: A explosão da música pop no Brasil. São Paulo, Editora Três Estrelas, 2014. ISBN 978-85-653-3929-2

Voci correlate
 Ronnie Von
 Gilberto Gil

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Rita Lee
Rita Lee
Rita Lee
Scrittori brasiliani del XX secolo
Scrittori brasiliani del XXI secolo
Rita Lee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The following articles are derived from the Auto Logic library to help you prepare when you are travelling, or planning a road trip. The articles are organized by subject area. Please click on any one of the given articles below to see the information.