Reason: Various sections could use more sources.
This article is about the gnomes' lore. For the playable race, see Gnome (playable). For the language, see Gnomish.
The gnomes (collectively referred to as gnomanity or gnomekind) are a race of diminutive and highly intelligent humanoids, known for their mastery of technology. They were originally descended from mechagnomes, metallic titan-forged, who were afflicted with the Curse of Flesh. The early gnomes eventually found their way to Khaz Modan, where they founded the capital of Gnomeregan and became allies with their nearby dwarven cousins. For years the gnomes were based in Gnomeregan, providing technological support to the Alliance during the Second War, until a trogg invasion and treachery from within irradiated Gnomeregan and killed as much as eighty percent of the gnomish population. The gnomes were forced into exile in Tinker Town in the dwarven capital of Ironforge, until, following the Cataclysm, the gnomes launched a partially successful recapture of Gnomeregan, and are now based in New Tinkertown.
The clever, spunky, and oftentimes eccentric gnomes present a unique paradox among the civilized races of Azeroth. Brilliant inventors with an irrepressibly cheerful disposition, this race has suffered treachery, displacement, and near-genocide. It is their remarkable optimism in the face of such calamity that symbolizes the truly unshakable spirit of the gnomes.
Gnomes are a diminutive, wiry race of tinkers who live underground. In the Second War, they built gadgets and vehicles, such as submarines and flying machines, for the Alliance to combat the Horde. They are great mechanics and inventors, renowned for their knowledge and eccentric natures. The gnomes had a city, Gnomeregan, built into Ironforge Mountain, but invading troggs destroyed it and slaughtered its citizens. Many survivors now live with the Ironforge dwarves, a few traveling with their dwarven friends to Kalimdor. The gnomes are still reeling from the destruction of their home city and are loath to leave the safety of the dwarven tunnels.
The eccentric, often-brilliant gnomes are one of the most peculiar races of the world. A race of diminutive beings, gnomes have made their mark on Azeroth through the application of a collective intelligence and ambition overshadowing that of their larger peers. Gnomes are renowned mechanics, engineers, and technicians, widely respected for their knowledge of the scientific facets of the world and their ability to transform said knowledge into surprising tools, vehicles, armor, and weapons. Much of gnomish philosophy is focused on forward-thinking, inventive concepts; little thought has ever been given to history or non-scientific records. With their obsession for developing radical new technologies and constructing marvels of mind-bending engineering, it is a wonder that any gnomes have survived to proliferate.
Historically, there are some records of gnomes having contact with other races. There is the occasional historical documentation of individual gnomes having contact with humans and high elves in the northern continent of Lordaeron in Tirisfal Glades as early as 2,600 years before the First War.
The first gnomes that came into existence were "mechagnomes", small, metal clockwork-creatures created by the Watcher Mimiron, apparently as servants and caretakers, much like the earthen. What is known is that the mechagnomes, like many other beings creatures with Titan origins, were affected by the Curse of Flesh. Some mechagnomes gradually turned into the fleshy variant seen today. Also for unknown reasons, this knowledge has been lost by the gnomish race. Information of this evolution can still be found in various locations, gradually explaining how the gnomes appeared on Azeroth.
One of the major sources of this info is Gearmaster Mechazod, a mechagnome that was found by normal gnomes in the Borean Tundra during the building of an airstrip. He claims to be one of the first "gnomes" ever created, created by a titan called "The Grand Architect" within Ulduar. Not only does Mechazod confirm that fleshy gnomes are a result of the Curse of Flesh, he also possesses the ability to remove the curse and thus revert fleshy gnomes back to mechagnomes. Still, most fleshy gnomes would prefer he didn't. Other traces of the gnomes' past can be found in the Storm Peaks which contains a large population of mechagnomes. These have been found maintaining titan data, and even riding mechanostriders, adopted from their gnomish descendants.
As there are mechagnomes still in existence today despite the Curse of Flesh, they are likely a later version, or possibly original versions adapted to be immune to the Curse, a similar situation to the titans' discovery of the curse in the evolution of the dwarves.
Indus, one of the first recorded gnomes in history.
Little is known concerning gnomish history previous to the Second War — even among gnomes themselves. Much of gnomish philosophy is focused on forward-thinking, inventive concepts, and little thought has ever been given to history or non-scientific records. It was not until centuries after their transformation into flesh-and-blood beings that gnomes were recognized as a viable and important race. The dwarves were impressed with the ingenuity and quickness of their smaller "kin" (for they had also been titan-forged and similarly cursed), and they assisted the gnomes in constructing a capital city, Gnomeregan, in the foothills of Dun Morogh near the dwarves own capital of Ironforge.
Gnomes are remarkably adept arcanists. Pound for pound, they are some of the most potent casters the world has ever known, and have always had a presence in the Kirin Tor. The first detailed historical account of a gnome was a female named Indus, a member of the Council of Tirisfal. 2,600 years before the First War, she was the group's gnomish representative in her day. Not only was she a respected, powerful mage, but following her people's penchant for tinkering, she was also known as "the inventor" in Dalaran. She was an associate of founding Council member Meryl Felstorm (then known as Winterstorm). She, Meryl, and the rest of the surviving Council would empower the first Guardian of Tirisfal, an orphaned half-elf and talented mage named Alodi.
She was followed much later by another gnome named Erbag, also a member of the Council of Tirisfal, during the early days of Aegwynn. He was already inducted eight hundred and forty-four years prior to the Battle of Mount Hyjal. Erbag was described as being highly talkative as well as rather impatient with Aegwynn.
Gnomes have not had kings or queens in 400 years. Although this is no longer the case as Gelbin Mekkatorque bears the title "King of Gnomes".
Thriving within the wondrous techno-city of Gnomeregan, the gnomes shared the resources of the forested Dun Morogh peaks with their dwarven cousins. Though dwarves also have a propensity for technology and engineering, it is gnomes who provide the critical, visionary designs for most of dwarven weapons and steam vehicles.
A gnome in the Second War.
When the orcs from Draenor rushed out from the Dark Portal and caused the First War, the various human kingdoms decided to forge an alliance in order to drive them back. This alliance also included the dwarves and the gnomes who after witnessing the orcs' attack upon Ironforge decided to strike back. The gnomes did not have their own representative in the meetings between the different factions and were instead also represented by the delegate from Ironforge.
The gnomes served the Alliance well during the Second War, providing useful technology such as submarines and gyrocopters. It helped the Alliance to win the war, pushing the orcs back through the portal. In many ways they were the counterpart to the goblins which supported the orcs with their own inventions. This technological battle between gnomes and goblins has survived to this day, and has recently been fueled by the Bilgewater Cartel joining the Horde.
Strangely, the gnomes refused to send any personnel to aid their allies during the Burning Legion's invasion during the Third War. Though their designs also helped turning the tide against the Legion, both the humans and the Ironforge - and Wildhammer - dwarves were shocked by Gnomeregan's decision to withhold their courageous troops and pilots.
Despite this, the gnomes from the Alliance military went with Jaina Proudmoore's force to Kalimdor.
When the Third War ended, the Alliance discovered the reason for the gnomes' sudden withdrawal. Apparently, a barbaric menace — troggs — had risen from the bowels of the earth and invaded Gnomeregan. Knowing that their allies' priority was defeating the Burning Legion, the gnomes decided to make their stand alone against the troggs.
Though they fought valiantly to save their beloved city, Gnomeregan was lost and nearly eighty percent of the gnomish race was wiped out during its fall. The ragged survivors fled to the safety of Ironforge. There, they made a new home in Tinker Town.
Committed once again to the cause of the Alliance, gnomes spend their time devising strategies and weapons that will help them retake their ravaged city and build a brighter future for their people. Currently, gnomes can be seen living in numerous Alliance and Neutral cities such as Darkshire and Gadgetzan. Many gnomes could also be found at the Mirage Raceway in the Thousand Needles, competing with their goblin rivals, before that area was flooded. (Its replacement, Fizzle and Pozzik's Speedbarge is co-owned by gnomes.) One can also spot the occasional gnome hovel in places like Tanaris, the Hinterlands and Azshara.
The ruling council of the gnomes has reunited in Ironforge at Tinker Town. More recently, gnomish encampments have begun to appear at the fringes of the world, including Toshley's Station in Blade's Edge Mountains and Fizzcrank Airstrip in the Borean Tundra. While the motive behind their activities in Outland is unclear, the gnomish force in Northrend is tasked in establishing a forward base for the Valiance Expedition.
Just prior to the Cataclysm, the gnomes' leader, High Tinker Gelbin Mekkatorque, led an attack on Gnomeregan's invaders. The Gnomeregan exiles were priming their forces at Steelgrill's Depot, the staging grounds for the Gnomeregan offensive and the production site of the gnome's mechano-tanks. After the preparations were made, Gelbin led a full assault to wrest control of Gnomeregan's air field, surface command post, and ultimately underwent a raid into the tunnels of lower Gnomeregan. Despite the Gnomeregan exiles' best efforts to reclaim their techno-city, Sicco Thermaplugg detonated a radiation bomb in the city; forcing Mekkatorque's forces to hastily teleport to the surface to escape the re-irradiated city. It was a successful first maneuver, but there will be much more bloodshed before the entirety of the gnomeland is liberated. In the ongoing effort to reclaim Gnomeregan from Sicco Thermaplugg and his twisted cohorts, the gnomes have carved out a tenuous foothold in New Tinkertown, near the techno-city's gates.
A group of gnomes lived in Boralus on Kul Tiras. However, some time ago they all went missing. Their abandoned machinery still inhabits the Abandoned Junkheap in Tiragarde Sound. While Parin Tinklocket was looking into their disappearance, and eventually found the lost city of Mechagon where gnomes were being converted into cyborgs by King Mechagon.
A gnomish experimenter in Hearthstone.
Gnomes are a race of ambitious folk that celebrate creativity and craft and whose lives are validated by a masterful command of the scientific laws of the universe. This outlook on life makes them feel that to be pitied is unbearable, even insulting, though they know their allies do not do this intentionally. They have been more of a race of scholars throughout their history, generally focused on escaping and avoiding conflict, being also known to offset their lack of physical strength with ingenuity and daring. However, the loss of Gnomeregan and years of hardship and survival amongst increased association with the dwarves have made the gnomes stronger and more comfortable with their physical prowess, giving them a combatant edge. Gnome melee fighters have become more common, and are in general more willing to talk back to Tall Folk than ever before.
Unlike many other races such as the dwarves, orcs, and humans, the gnomes had no history of internecine violence prior to the fall of Gnomeregan. Generally speaking, gnomes simply do not fight gnomes. In a world of hostile creatures and Tall Folk, it goes without saying that gnomes have to rely on each other. This is why gnomes don't need primogeniture and why they abandoned monarchy centures ago, instead electing their leaders by common consent based on their work's benefit to the race as a whole. It is unthinkable for a gnome to act in a selfish manner in spite of the cost to their people, which made Sicco Thermaplugg's betrayal all the more shocking.
As noted above, much of gnomish philosophy is focused on forward-thinking, inventive concepts, and little thought has ever been given to history or non-scientific records.
Little is actually known about gnomish culture. Though what gnomish life really revolves around is unclear, it is perceived by most to be about striving towards the next levels of technology and knowledge through experimentation and tinkering (this is corroborated by the comments and clothing of gnome NPCs).
From that is known, gnomes do value and follow the hierarchy, but they also understand the hierarchy as the masters duty over the servants, to care for them and help for them. Some senior gnomish engineers may actually have less parts, metals and similar resources than an ordinary engineer, as they tend to share them with the followers. Also, the higher rank is most easy to earn by teaching others, while this of course requires to be a master on a subject. When goblins say they hate hierarchy as the master first cares about himself (so who would want to be the servant), they seem talking in a two completely different languages. Gnome groups are small and form with difficulty over long time. However when once established, they usually last for life, and a gnome reasonably expects much more support and cooperation from the team-mates than a goblin would. When goblin children leave family at maturity and go their own ways, gnome families tend to stay together over generations and usually run some shared business.
It is not known what social norms may exist for gnomish marriages, though Marvin and Tamara Wobblesprocket provide at least one example of humans and gnomes intermarrying. Whether or not half-gnomes might be produced from such unions is unknown. If once created, gnomish family usually lasts for life as gnomes feel duty to stay together not just after the love goes away but even if they already totally dislike each other.
Gnomes have recently started to venture into the field of brewing. Examples include Gnomenbrau, "a light beer with a big head", and the upstart Short and Stout Brewery in Brewnall Village.
They are able to become priests, but focus more on the practical healing-abilities of the divine rather than to embrace it as a path of sorcery. In fact, the gnomes practice holy magic as a form of first aid. While priests among the other races may play the roles of clerics and prophets, gnome priests refer to themselves as doctors, medics and surgeons.
Many gnomes are oppositely dark enough to become rogues or even warlocks, having no problem with ordering around minions which are several times larger than themselves.
Gnomes speak Gnomish and Common.
Gnomes are approximately 3 feet tall. They have four fingers (three fingers, one thumb) on each hand, and five-toed feet. Although it can and has been a bit nebulous in Warcraft art throughout the years, in World of Warcraft, the gnome model is noted to have large, rounded ears in proportion to their head.
Gnomes have a high metabolism. While it's unknown exactly how long gnomes can live, the 22-year old Kinndy Sparkshine was considered to be a teenager by her people's reckoning of age.
Despite the gnomes' size, they exude great resilience and survivability both in and out of combat.
Before the Gnomeregan incident, some gnomes (such Gnoarn) had earned a reputation for themselves by wearing an eccentric hairstyle known as a "gnomefro".
Thanks to their extremely small size, in World of Warcraft gnomes can be a hard target to click, making it harder for enemies to target you using their mouse. This is especially helpful in the event the gnome is a warrior or rogue. Gnomes who specialize in melee weapons are also particularly hard to target due to their acrobatic fighting styles combined with their small size. Their small size can also be advantageous to people who like to explore; gnomes are the shortest race, and can go to certain places where character height keeps other races from going.
Gnomes in night elf territories are tolerated, despite the high number of gnomes who work with arcane forces. The gnomes believe that with their use of arcane magics and technology they offer something that night elves lack in defense. During the cataclysmic arrival of Deathwing, gnome engineers and sappers from Tinker town helped create cannons and bombs for the night elves.
Upon the destruction of Gnomeregan, they traveled to Theramore and were invited to Bael Modan by the Ironforge dwarves.
Most gnomes on Kalimdor remain secluded in Bael Modan. Even after the decimation of their race and the destruction of their city, gnomes are an amiable and kindhearted lot. They make and keep friends easily; other races often find disliking a gnome to be difficult. Gnomes are long-lived and take a fatherly approach to other races, particularly humans. Gnome society is loosely organized, with most living in Khaz Modan and mixing freely with the dwarves, sending representatives to speak to the dwarven king on their behalf. Those few gnomes who traveled to Kalimdor live in a similar fashion in Bael Modan. Gnomes are gifted tinkers, and have a penchant for creating radical technology and innovative designs. They often work together with Ironforge dwarves, developing the blueprints and concepts from which the dwarf smiths draw their inspiration.
No one knows much about the gnomes' history before dwarves discovered them; not even the gnomes know much of their own history prior to the Second War.
The first widely recorded interaction between gnomes and dwarves occurred a little over 200 years prior to The Burning Crusade. As the story goes, a dwarven explorer came across a small gnomish village. He was shocked to discover that while dwarves had just discovered gunpowder, the gnomes already had a fully automated village with such novelties as mechanical chickens. Contact between the two races grew, and soon, they became quick allies, and the dwarves allowed the gnomes to build their capital city, Gnomeregan, in the foothills of Dun Morogh, near the Dwarven capital, Ironforge.
Gnomes are small, slight and nifty. They somewhat resemble dwarves, but are even shorter, not as stocky, and have large heads in proportion to their bodies. They have large noses and ruddy skin, their ears are large and rounded, and their hair color varies wildly, some even having pink or green hair. They are often seen with goggles, tool belts and other items related to their technological inclinations.
Gnomes are great friends of the Ironforge dwarves. They have been allies for generations and often exchange ideas and inventions. Their bond is so great that they live in many dwarven settlements including Ironforge itself. Gnomes have fought and died alongside human soldiers and have been readily welcomed in Stormwind City with open arms. They are wary of the high elves, but so is everyone else, so they don't feel too bad about that. They battled the Horde in the Second War and have a bit of a grudge against orcs, but gnomes are a kindly and forgiving lot and are willing to give the orcs a second chance. Gnomes and goblins have always been rivals — though whether this rivalry is friendly or brutal depends on the individuals involved. Gnomes have not been on Kalimdor long enough to form proper opinions about its denizens. Tauren and night elves both seem rather rustic for gnome sensibilities — but they can make friends with anyone.
Gnomes know the languages of their friends and their goblin rivals. Also, it is not uncommon for gnomes to refer to themselves in the third person.
Gnomes place their loyalty in themselves, in their friends, and in their inventions. A few follow a loftier path and pay their respects to the Holy Light. Since the Ironforge dwarves' recent discovery of their titanic origins, the gnomes think that they too may be products of the Titans, a theory confirmed by the accidental discovery of the mechagnomes. Some female gnomes have been known as members of the Sisters of Steel that have shown abilities to turn their flesh to stone or steel.
Gnomes are innovative thinkers and are responsible for a vast variety of inventions, including more than a few that are commonly attributed to dwarves. Although a diminutive people, gnomes think big, often producing designs far too complex to ever be realized. To gnomes, technology is a way of life. Even gnomes who take on other trades often tinker in their spare time. Because of their innate curiosity, they produce a wide variety of devices that are interesting or amusing but otherwise useless or impractical. While others might shake their heads at such folly, the gnomes value all invention, no matter how unimportant it might seem. Among the well-known gnomish devices are the world enlarger, net-o-matic projector, and harm prevention belt.
Many gnome machines last for a long time, making a significant capital for generations. Even after new, better machines are build for replacement, the older versions are usually good enough to be stored in the mountain caves, reactivating them when necessary. While goblin can build a more complex and powerful machine for the same price, a really complex machine may break for him before it could be finished. Hence the most advanced systems like Deeprun Tram are still of gnomish origin. Gnome schematics are such that machines and devices can be build as initially thinked hundreds of years ago. However this does not mean they are easy to read or easy to use. Goblin engineers keep saying they suffer strong headaches while reading the stolen gnomish schematics and tend to break out of the middle of specification by finishing the device how they themselves see fit.
Mechagnomes - Titanic creations that when afflicted with the Curse of Flesh, resulted in the modern gnomish race, much like the history of the Earthen and the Dwarves.
Leper gnomes - Normal gnomes that has been corrupted with radiation and poison. Most of them have lost their sanity.
Sand gnomes - An elusive race of gnomes only seen in Outland. Many even doubt their existence.
Undead gnomes - Although they are not their own race, undeath sometimes gives gnomes a rather unique look.
Junker gnomes - These gnomes have replaced much of there original body parts with mechanical implants.
A card back themed after gnomes in Hearthstone.
In the canceled Warcraft Adventures, the gnomes were responsible for creating the black ale that kept the orcs pacified.
The gnomes were planned to be their own faction in Warcraft III, but were rolled into the Alliance (though no actual gnomes appear in the game).
At first it was said that half of the gnomish race was killed during the trogg invasion, but later it was specified that it was actually eighty percent.
Gnomes were, until March 2014, the only original race not to appear in a World of Warcraft cinematic or in any trailer. Tom Chilton had explained that gnomes were added to World of Warcraft "pretty late in its development, when the cinematic was already ... in full production" stating that "since then, there hasn't really been a great opportunity to showcase gnomes," due to factors such as storylines. This was finally rectified when a male gnome was chosen as the main character for Blizzard's "Wish You Were Here" Warlords of Draenor character boost trailer. As well as the gnomes' noted absence in trailers until that point, this model may have been chosen due to being one of the most advanced at the time the trailer was created.
In the Second War, gnomes are allied with the Alliance of Lordaeron, but they aren't mentioned in the book Tides of Darkness. However, High Tinker Gelbin Mekkatorque plays a role in the follow up (Beyond the Dark Portal), as he is in charge of building the transportation system between Stormwind City and Ironforge.
Referring to the non-canon RPG race life spans chart, a gnome can actually live for quite some time, becoming mature at the age of 40, middle aged at 100 and old aged only at 150 and higher. (This is most likely just in speculation, and not completely by Lore.) Alternately, in the book Tides of War, Kinndy Sparkshine is mentioned to be a teenager at 22.
It appears the position of High Tinker can be held by one person indefinitely, so long as they are re-elected each time their term ends. This is best seen in Gelbin, who has led the Gnomes since he was young and well before the Second War. While unknown how long this is exactly, the Second War was about 20 years before the beginning of World of Warcraft, and Gelbin is an older gnome; meaning he has held the position most of his life.
Gnomes sometimes broadly refer to the other sentient races that are not close to their own stature as "Tall Folk".
They are voiced by Dino Andrade.
Gnome hair is great for blood elf wigs.
In Hearthstone, the gnomes card back was rewarded for achieving Rank 20 in Ranked Season 9, which took place during December 2014. The flavor text reads: "This multifunctional device also works as a gnomish army knife, a shoe horn and a pass to the Deeprun Tram. Gnomish ingenuity!"
Interestingly enough, because Mimiron is still very much active and alive in Ulduar, gnomes are one of the few races who can actually meet and interact with their own creator.
The RPG-only Sister of Steel class hinted two years before the actual release of Wrath of the Lich King that humans, dwarves and gnomes shared a common "metallic" ancestry.
Gnome male model after 6.0.
Gnome female model after 6.0.
Gnomish Flying Machine from the Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness manual.
Gnomish inventors from the canceled Warcraft Adventures.
Gnome artwork from the World of Warcraft manual.
Early gnome player models as seen from the official website.
Gnome male concept art for Warlords of Draenor.
Millhouse Manastorm, a gnome mage.
Tinker Bixy Blue, a TCG gnome rogue.
Sketches created for a book prop for the Warcraft movie, including a depiction of a gnome.
Dragon Chromie in Heroes of the Storm.
A gnome is a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean lifestyle and have a love for building unique items and gear.


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Prince Charles visits London sewage tunnel
The heir to the British throne was marking the 150th anniversary of the city's sewers
Prince Charles visits London sewage tunnel The heir to the British throne was marking the 150th anniversary of the city's sewers Check out this story on detroitnews.com: http://detne.ws/1A6cCIZ
AP Published 12:03 p.m. ET Feb. 18, 2015 | Updated 12:04 p.m. ET Feb. 18, 2015
Britain's Prince Charles visits the recently constructed Lee Tunnel, a sewer tunnel dug 250 feet under London's east end, to mark the 150th anniversary of London's sewer network at the Abbey Mills Pumping Station in east London, Wednesday Feb. 18, 2015.(Photo: Christopher Pledger / AP)
London — Prince Charles got down and dirty Wednesday, donning a hard hat and protective glasses to visit a sewer tunnel 75 meters (250 feet) under east London.
The heir to the British throne was marking the 150th anniversary of the city's sewers, created by engineer Joseph Bazalgette to erase the "Great Stink" caused by sewage and effluent that was being dumped into the River Thames.
The 19th-century stench was so bad it overwhelmed lawmakers in the Houses of Parliament, who hired Bazalgette to find a solution. His sewers, a wonder of Victorian engineering, were designed for use by 2 million people but now struggle to serve more than 6 million people.
The prince visited the ornate Abbey Mills Pumping Station, a central part of Bazalgette's network, wearing a high-visibility jacket to inspect a new tunnel designed to reduce the 43 million tons of untreated sewage that is still released into the river each year.
Tony Brown, one of two young apprentices who showed Charles around the 23-foot wide concrete tunnel, declared the prince "down to earth and a real nice guy."
The 4.4-mile Lee Tunnel, the deepest ever built under London, is due to go into use in December as part of efforts to deal with the flow of waste from London's 8.6 million inhabitants. Their sewage not only taints the Thames but often creates "fatbergs," — blobs of congealed fat, baby wipes and other waste that can weigh tons and clog sewers.
Charles' great-great-grandfather, King Edward VII, opened Bazalgette's sewer network when he was heir to the throne in 1865.
Read or Share this story: http://detne.ws/1A6cCIZ
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Places greater obligation on the buyer who is responsible for the delivery of goods from door to door. While the seller needs to ensure freight is available for shipping, beyond collection they have no legal liability for anything that occurs to the goods while in transit.
Requires the seller to transport goods from origin to a nominated carrier of the buyer's choice. At such time, costs and associated risks are transferred from the seller to the buyer who is then responsible for onward shipping to destination.
Used exclusively for sea freight transport, responsibility is passed to the buyer following delivery of goods alongside a ship.
The buyer takes over responsibility for the delivery of goods to destination following transport of freight on board a vessel at the port of origin (sea freight only).
It is the seller's responsibility to nominate a freight forwarder and arrange for the transportation of cargo from origin to destination port (sea freight only). Risks transfer to the buyer for insurance cover once the goods are delivered on board a vessel at the port of origin. The buyer is additionally liable for all destination charges.
Similar to CFR, but the seller is responsible for the insuring of goods during the maritime leg of the voyage. All risks and costs pass to the buyer following delivery of goods at the port of destination.
While the seller is responsible for freight and clearance to destination, the buyer must cover any costs arising after the goods are delivered to the carrier including loss and damage.
Similar to CPT, but risk of loss and damage to goods during carriage resides with the seller.
The seller assumes all risks and costs of transport to destination port or terminal. The buyer must pay all destination charges including relevant duties and taxes, customs clearances and onward delivery.
The seller is responsible for all risks and costs of delivery to the buyer's facility. Import duties and taxes must be paid by the buyer.
This term places minimal obligation on the buyer and greater responsibility on the seller who is liable for all risks and costs up to the destination facility, including import duties and taxes.


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Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 Year 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923
Patient Status


text:
You are here: Home Campaigning Examples Pensions jargon
Pensions jargon
Health and medical jargon
Government jargon
European gobbledygook
Clichés
Long sentences
Financial jargon
Management speak
'The trustee company will consider the continuation of a total incapacity pension by testing whether it is more likely than not, on the balance of probabilities, that the member could only do a job for which the member would only be paid less than a small fraction of the member's pre-absence salary. If so, the member would be within the total incapacity definition.'
(From a letter from a university superannuation company)
'The Teacher's Pension Scheme (TPS) is 'contracted out' of the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme (SERPS). The TPS must therefore guarantee to pay a public service pension at a rate no lower than a pensioner would have received if he or she has stayed in SERPS. This rate is known as the Guaranteed Minimum Pension (GMP). The TPS generally provides a pension above the guaranteed level. The pension, including the GMP, is inflation proofed.
The TPS pays the public service pension, including the GMP. However the Benefits Agency (BA) are responsible for paying part of the inflation proofing on the GMP. This generally comes into effect when someone reaches state retirement age and is normally paid by BA as part of the state retirement pension. The GMP is calculated by Inland Revenue (Contributions Agency) NI Contributions Office (IRNICO) based on NI contributions paid between 1978 and state retirement age. Therefore, TPS are unaware that a GMP is applicable until notified by IRNICO at which time the Teacher's pension is adjusted.'
(From a letter from a Pensions Administration service)
'Due to technical problems experienced when our Stafflink Portfolio migrated to a new platform it was not possible to process these changes until December 2004.'
(From a letter from Clerical Medical)
'As you may already be aware the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) have now revoked the LGPS (Amendment) (no 2) Regulations 2004 from the 3rd August 2005, the revocation being retrospective to the 1st April 2005, the operative date of these amendment Regulations. Attached is a copy of circular 175 regarding the revocation. As these Regulations have been revoked retrospectively to 1st April 2005, the position is now the same as before the 1st April 2005 i.e: as if the LGPS (Amendment) (no 2) Regulations 2004 had never existed.'
(From a letter from a county council about local government pension scheme regulations)


Creditors are calling trying to collect the money you owe and you can't pay, so you decide to file for bankruptcy. What's the process for notifying creditors you are declaring bankruptcy and stopping the collection calls?
As soon as your bankruptcy paperwork is signed, your trustee will electronically file it with the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, the government office that supervises all trustees. They assign a file number, which is required by your trustee before notifying your creditors.
How are creditors notified that you declared bankruptcy?
a Proof of Claim form so that your creditors can file a claim with the trustee for the amount they are owed.
Traditionally trustees would mail the notification to your creditors. Now that we are in an electronic and paperless society, very few creditor packages are actually sent in the mail. Many packages are now sent by fax, and an increasing number are sent electronically, so that your creditors receive a notice of your bankruptcy very quickly.
When do calls from collection agencies and creditors stop?
Fast notification is important to you, because you want the phone calls to stop!
Phone calls won't stop immediately, because it generally takes creditors a week or two to process their claim. Extra time may be required if collection agencies are involved, because the original creditor (such as the bank) process your claim, and then they notify the external collection agency they have hired, who then must also process the claim.
It is therefore not unusual for you to receive phone calls and letters for up to a month after you file.
Don't worry, the phone calls will stop, and you can enjoy the peace of mind knowing you have dealt with your debts.


text:
Google Updates Google Groups: Adds Task Management, New Moderation Tools
By Katie Ingram | Jun 25, 2013
In today's digital workspace it's all about collaboration, integration, user management, which is something that Google took into account with its most recent update to Google Groups.
The New Google Groups
Over the last few months Google has been removing or adding to its products to make them more efficient and user friendly. The most recent addition to this list is Google Groups, the company's mailing list and contact grouping service that will now be more collaborative.
With the new Google Groups, users have the ability to create a group inbox where one user can assign tasks to other members and follow the task's progress and updates.
This can be a great feature for teams seeking a really simple way to get things done without sharing passwords or losing track," wrote Ryan Falor, Product Manager for Google Groups.
Along with this inbox feature, Falor notes that there are also new moderation tools, such as canned responses for forums and streamlined options for post moderation.
A Relevance Issue
Google Groups was originally launched as Deja News Research Service in 1995 to archive discussion group messages from Usenet. It was bought by Google in 2001 and incorporated into Google Groups. Even though Google Groups is older and isn't always the company's primary focus, many writers have approved of this update.
Google Groups has been around for many years and is not a product that Google makes announcements about very often," wrote Chris Crum. "Users will no doubt be happy to see that Google still cares about the product, considering the coming shut-down of Google Reader, another popular product that Google rarely added features to."
Others have wondered if the service should have been removed along with others tools during the company's annual spring cleaning event.
I recall using it years ago after it got custody of the old Usenet archives but haven't tried it since. Google has been killing off many of its other services … claiming that not enough people use them," wrote Lance Whitney. " Does anyone out there still use Google Groups?"
A Bunch of Other Updates
Google Groups isn't the only Google product to get an update; the company has also added a dashboard to Google+ , while Google Adwords has a new image extension tool. Also, Gmail now has a tabbed categories feature and an administration app for Android devices.
Tags customer experience, cxm, enterprise 2.0, enterprise collaboration, google, google groups, social business


BOOM! Studios is proud to kick offThe Road to San Diego, a ten-day spotlight on the most exciting comic book and graphic novel news in advance of Comic Con International in San Diego (July 18-22), with the announcement it has acquired the comic book and graphic novel publishing license to Joss Whedon's FIREFLY, the iconic worldwide pop culture phenomenon. BOOM! Studios will release new monthly comic book series, limited series, original graphic novels and more that officially expand the rich mythology created in television, film and beyond in partnership with 20th Century Fox Consumer Products.
Created by visionary writer and director Joss Whedon (Buffy The Vampire Slayer) and set 500 years in the future in the wake of a universal civil war,FIREFLY centers on the crew of Serenity, a small transport spaceship that doesn't have a planet to call home. Captain Malcolm "Mal" Reynolds, a defeated soldier who opposed the unification of the planets by the totalitarian governed Alliance, will undertake any job — legal or not — to stay afloat and keep his crew fed. Thrust together by necessity but staying together out of loyalty, these disparate men and women are seeking adventure and the good life, but face constant challenges on the new frontier, such as avoiding capture by the Alliance, and evading the dangers you find on the fringes of the universe.
FIREFLY #1 is available exclusively in comic shops (usecomicshoplocator.com to find the nearest one) on November 14, 2018 with a main cover by superstar Lee Garbett (Skyward), along with variant covers by Jock (Batman), J.G. Jones (Final Crisis), Bill Sienkiewicz (Daredevil), Joe Quinones (America) and more.
Arriving in stores the same day, FIREFLY: LEGACY EDITION BOOK ONEcollects previously released Serenity comics for the first time under one cover in a new value-priced format as Mal & the crew ride again in these official sequels to the critically acclaimed Firefly television series and Serenity film.
For continuing news on FIREFLY and more from BOOM! Studios, stay tuned towww.boom-studios.com and follow @boomstudios on Twitter.


Banna Harbera are officially back from their hiatus and gearing up for the upcoming release of their debut album, Kept In Mind.
The five-piece have been sharing updates on the recording of their album since late 2018 and kicked off the new year with a teaser of their new record.
The band is set to release Kept In Mind on digital platforms on February 22, Friday and will celebrate with an official launch on February 23, Saturday at Social House in Makati.
Joining the festivities are Carousel Casualties, One Click Straight, Conscious & The Goodness, and Leanne and Naara. 300 PHP gets you in at the door, while 500 PHP gets you into the show, plus a copy of the new album. The first 100 attendees get a discounted entrance fee of 400 PHP. Tickets will be available at the door.


text:
Gordon Mumma is an American composer. He cofounded Ann Arbor's Cooperative Studio for Electronic Music with Robert Ashley, was a musician with the Merce Cunningham Dance Company (with John Cage and David Tudor) and was a member of the Sonic Arts Union with Ashley, Alvin Lucier, and David Behrman. In 1979, Mumma performed at The Kitchen's New Music, New York event. For more information, please visit: http://brainwashed.com
Between Thought and Sound: Graphic Notation in Contemporary Music
Alison Knowles, Alvin Lucier, Annea Lockwood, Anthony Jay Ptak, Cathy Berberian, Christian Wolff, Cornelius Cardew, David Behrman, David Tudor, Earle Brown, Elliott Sharp, Gordon Matta-Clark, Gordon Mumma, James Beckett, James Saunders, Joan La Barbara, John Driscoll, Jon Gibson, Kaffe Matthews, Laura Andel, Marina Rosenfeld, Meredith Monk, Michael J. Schumacher, Miya Masaoka, Morton Feldman, Robert Ashley, Stephen Vitiello, Steve Roden, Tom Johnson, Tony Conrad, Wadada Leo Smith, Yasunao Tone, Exhibitions, Music, 2000s
New Music, New York
"Blue" Gene Tyranny, Alvin Lucier, Annea Lockwood, Barbara Benary, Charlemagne Palestine, Charles Dodge, Connie Beckley, David Behrman, David Mahler, David Van Tieghem, Don Cherry, Frankie Mann, Garrett List, George Lewis, Gordon Mumma, Ivan Tcherepnin, Jeanne Lee, Jeffrey Lohn, Jill Kroesen, Joe Celli, Joel Chadabe, John Adams, Jon Deak, Jon Gibson, Jon Hassell, Karl Berger, Larry Austin, Laurie Anderson, Laurie Spiegel, Leo Smith, Marc Grafe, Meredith Monk, Michael Nyman, Ned Sublette, Pauline Oliveros, Peter Gordon, Peter Zummo, Petr Kotik, Philip Glass, Phill Niblock, Rhys Chatham, Richard Teitelbaum, Robert Ashley, Scott Johnson, Stephanie Woodard, Steve Reich, Tom Johnson, Tony Conrad, Music, 1970s


2kg - 20kg Stainless Steel Bruce Anchors in Stock and ready to order online now!
These are a burying type anchor which are hinged so the anchor flukes can move freely, making the anchor more effective.
They hold in a range of sea beds and can be easily stowed.
0.7kg-10kg Galvanised Fold Up Anchors in Stock and available to buy now!


There are 6 Table Lamp Manufacturers which published 15 Table Lamp Products in Other Lamp Category, help yourselves select the most helpful Table Lamp products and give you the most efficient way of sourcing auto parts from China.
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It's 15 competitive Table Lamp Products that 6 Table Lamp Manufacturers published in Gasgoo.com. If you didn't find what you are looking for,you can Post a Buying Lead so that Table Lamp suppliers may contact you actively.


I'm not sure if Jolla can offer anything for you right now in return, except our eternal gratitude, and maybe a couple beers (rum?) together with the Jolla sailors after the move.
I'm not sure if Jolla can offer anything for you right now in return, except our eternal gratitude, and maybe have a couple beers (rum?) together with the Jolla sailors after the move.


text:
Florida's 1st Chief Science Officer To Make Water Quality Issues A Priority
By Brendan Rivers • May 20, 2019
Florida's new Chief Science Officer Tom Frazer.
IFAS News / University of Florida
Hear this story airing on 89.9 FM WJCT.
In a call with reporters from across the state on Friday, Florida Chief Science Officer Tom Frazer said he recognizes Florida's ongoing struggle with harmful algal blooms and will make water quality issues his priority moving forward.
"What we're going to hope to do, obviously, is get the blue-green algae task force up and running in an effort to solicit their input on the science that's going to help guide the decisions that we make," he said.
Governor Ron DeSantis named Frazer as the state's first chief science officer earlier this year.
Creating and filling the position was one of several initiatives DeSantis laid out in an executive order he signed in January, shortly after taking office.
Gov. DeSantis Signs Executive Order Pledging To Secure $2.5B For Fla.'s Environmental Issues
Algal Blooms Reported Throughout Lower Basin Of St. Johns River
Florida's New Blue-Green Algae Task Force
As director of the UF Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences School of Natural Resources and Environment, Frazer has led faculty from 56 departments across 12 colleges to work on environmental issues like transitioning to renewable energy systems, preventing pollution, protecting biodiversity and climate change.
"Dr. Frazer will bring the breadth and depth of research and expertise from UF/IFAS to this new assignment," said Jack Payne, UF Senior Vice President for Agriculture and Natural Resources and head of the UF IFAS, shortly after Frazer was appointed. "As a land-grant institution, this is what we've been doing for more than 100 years — using our knowledge to partner with state and local governments to improve the lives of all Floridians."
Noah Valenstein, Secretary of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, said Frazer and the state's chief resilience officer, a position the department is currently looking to fill, will help tackle all of this administration's environmental priorities.
"That includes emissions and making sure we've got the best air quality we can in the state," he said. "That includes looking at innovative practices to clean up ailing water bodies in Florida. That includes having robust land acquisition programs and land protection programs."
Valenstein said these two positions will ensure the DEP is looking at the latest science as it tries to address these and other environmental challenges in the Sunshine State.
Brendan Rivers can be reached at brivers@wjct.org, 904-358-6396 or on Twitter at @BrendanRivers.
Copyright 2019 WJCT 89.9 FM Jacksonville. To see more, visit WJCT 89.9 FM Jacksonville.
chief science officers
Tom Frazer
Feds To Release Hundreds Of Immigrants In Broward, Palm Beach Counties
By Ana Ceballos – News Service of Florida • May 17, 2019
Obama White House Archive
The federal government plans to release hundreds of migrants into Broward and Palm Beach counties starting next week, blindsiding Gov. Ron DeSantis, who has been an outspoken supporter of President Donald Trump's efforts to crack down on illegal immigration.
DeSantis Calls For Pre-K Improvements
By News Service of Florida • May 16, 2019
Pointing to a new report showing 42 percent of children who participated in the state's voluntary pre-kindergarten program were not ready for kindergarten, Gov. Ron DeSantis on Wednesday directed Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran to come up with a plan for improvements.
DeSantis, State Contingent Ready For Israel Trip
By Ana Ceballos – News Service of Florida • May 9, 2019
Daylina Miller / WUSF Public Media
In his quest to become the most "pro-Israel" governor in the nation, Gov. Ron DeSantis this month will lead a first-ever Florida Cabinet meeting in Israel as part of a week-long trip in which he is also scheduled to talk with executives who might want to do business in the Sunshine State.


text:
Q: How do I create keyboard shortcuts programmatically in KDE? I am able to create keyboard shortcuts for Ctrl-F1 and Ctrl-F2, making them launch a script, using the Control Center interface, Input Actions section. The platform of interest is KDE 3.5 on CentOS 5 at present, but 4.x is also of
less immediate interest.
What I need, however, is to create the same shortcuts from a shell script, run after installation of an RPM: this RPM creates a user and then preconfigures its KDE environment completely. So far, I've been able to do stuff like
cat > kdesktoprc <<- EOM
[Desktop0]
WallpaperMode=NoWallpaper
EOM

and then upon first login the KDE setup would pick up from there just fine.
I guess what I am trying to do is preseeding this specific account, but I
don't want to interfere with any other present or future account on the
same host.
Unfortunately, I have not been able to make the same work with Input
Actions, whose configuration is somewhat more involved. Before attempting
to unravel it further, I decided to ask if there was a better way.
In other words, is there a command to create a keyboard shortcut (I don't
think I can use DCOP, because KDE would not be running at the time) ?
I skimmed hints to the kconf_update mechanism, but was unable to ascertain if it was appropriate for my use case: is there a reference available ?
Thank you in advance,

A: I found an approach which appears to work. First, I create a .khotkeys file,
call it zzz.khotkeys, and store it under /usr/hsare/apps/khotkeys. A good
starting point for that is the printscreen.khotkeys file.
This .khotkeys file has two sections, a [Data] section with the hotkey definition(s), and a [Main] section where among other keys we have
Id=zzz

which is used to remember which key definitions have been already imported.
To put the definitions in zzz.khotkeys into effect, you could use this
/usr/lib/kconf_update_bin/khotkeys_update --id zzz

which seems to invoke functionality equivalent to the "Import" button in
the "Input Actions" user interface.
This step incurs a number of obstacles in my scenario, which is running all
of the abovce in the %post script of an RPM install.
First, khotkeys_update fails if it cannot contact an X server; on the
surface this seems silly, as it should only need to perform text wrangling,
but this can be addressed by placing its invocation inside a .desktop file in .kde/Autostart.
Second, khotkeys_update does not exactly look like a published interface
which can be relied upon over time; since this is for CentOS/KDE 3.5 in
a context where little evolution is expected, I enjoy the privilege to
consider this a minor issue. If there is a published (shell) interface to
perform the import, I could not find it (I did not investigate DCOP).
In the end, the same script which directly customized other configuration
files under .kde/share/config also adds under .kde/Autostart a file named
zzz-keys.desktop which looks like
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Type=Application
Name=ZZZ Hotkeys
Comment=Ensure ZZZ keyboard shortctus are available
Exec=/usr/lib/kconf_update_bin/khotkeys_update --id zzz

which gets the hotkeys added the first time (they end up inside khotkeysrc)
and is skipped on subsequent invocations, because khotkeysrc includes a key
name AlreadyInstalled which is also updated to include "zzz", so on
subsequent runs khotkeys_update finds it and does not add duplicates.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
KIC Services
PACs System
Interventional Radiology (IVR)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
Routine Fluoroscopy
Digital Mammography
Venacure Varicose Vein Removal
4D Baby Imaging in Wichita
KIC Physicians
John Anderson, M.D.
Timothy C. Benning, M.D.
Bruce Bowser, M.D.
Nicholas M. Brewer, M.D.
Stephen D. Clark, M.D.
Thomas D. Cox, M.D.
James C. Degner, M.D.
Thomas J. Flynn, M.D.
Mark H. Fritze, M.D.
Dan Gillespie, M.D.
Larry C. Graham II, M.D.
Adam Gregg, M.D.
David Gutschenritter, M.D.
Paul J. Hutsey, M.D.
Eric D. Kater, M.D.
Marcus A. Kater, M.D.
John Knudtson, M.D.
Eddy D. Lucas, M.D.
Scott McIntyre, M.D.
Jeffrey L. McPherson, M.D.
Darren K. Orme, D.O.
Kyle Redelman, M.D.
S. Kumar Reddy, M.D.
Robert A. Schmaltz, M.D.
Tariq Suwan, M.D.
Jessica B. Tanner, M.D.
About KIC
Contact KIC
Contact | Search
Dr. Cox graduated from the University of Kansas, School of Medicine in 1997. Following graduation, he interned at the University of Kansas Medical Center. Dr. Cox also interned at Bethany Medical Center in 1998. After completing his diagnostic radiology residency at the University of Kansas Medical Center in 2002, Dr. Cox joined Kansas Imaging Consultants.
University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Doctor of Medicine, 1997
University of Kansas Medical Center Diagnostic Radiology, 2002
Radiological Society of North America
Mid-American Interventional Radiology Society
Specialty Areas of Interest


The article discusses how some countries are addressing the health and environmental concerns posed by flame retardants found to be hazardous for the immune, reproductive or nervous systems especially in developmental stages. Topics discussed include European Union's legislative framework on chemicals streamlined by Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and its complete ban on flame retardants including tris phosphate and polybromobiphenyls.
Investigates polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) partitioning in body tissues. Gas chromatographic test of serum, adipose tissue, biliary fluid and feces specimens; Accounts on PBB contamination; Implications of placental passage contamination for fetus and newborns.


text:
Le territoire de Dekese est une entité déconcentrée de la province du Kasaï en République démocratique du Congo.

Géographie
Le territoire s'étend au nord de la province du Kasaï. Il a une superficie de .

Histoire
Avant la réforme administrative de 2015, il fait partie du district du Kasaï.

Commune
Le territoire compte une commune rurale de moins de 80 000 électeurs.
 Dekese, (7 conseillers municipaux)

Chefferies
Il est divisé en 2 chefferies :
 Dekese-Ikolombe-Isolu
 Yaelima

Lien externe
 Cellule d'analyse des indicateurs de développement : Territoire de Dekese.

Notes et références

Territoire dans la province du Kasaï-Occidental

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Explanation of "covariate" in general linear model in SPSS I am completing a project for a client using general linear model (GLM command) in  SPSS/PASW (Ver. 17)
Basically, the project is designed to find out if factors such as gender and age affect the relationship between Variables A and B.
In this case,

*

*Variable A is the independent variable (IV)

*Variable B is the dependent variable (DV)

*Gender or age are the factors

In GLM command, IV goes in the covariate box and gender goes in the factor box.
Many textbooks I have consulted say one of two things (generally):

*

*GLM can be used to assess the joint significance of the predictors (A and gender in the above example) on a continuous outcome (B in the above example)

*GLM can be used to assess the significance of the factor (gender in the above example) on the outcome (B in the above example) by controlling for the effect of the covariate (A in the above example).

Obviously, these two different usages lead to different outcomes. I am interested in the joint significance.
I find the above a bit contradictory but I am not statistically trained. Can any one explain the key difference above (when the same test is in question i.e. IV in the covariate box and gender in the factor box).

A: In my opinion the two statements are not really contradictory.
The first statement regarding 'joint significance' simply states that GLM can be used to test the joint hypothesis that: "Gender's impact on B is different from 0 and A's impact on B is different from 0".
The second statement essentially indicates that GLM lets you assess if the individual predictors are significant after controlling for other factors. Thus, the statement implicitly states that using GLM we can do a simple hypothesis test such as: "Gender's impact on B is different from 0 provided everything else (in particular A in your case) is held constant".

A: Good question.  I interpret the "joint significance" line differently from @varty.  Usually, a "joint effect" means the same thing as a multiplicative effect or product effect  or interaction effect.  In other words, one could test whether gender's link with B differs depending on A.  Or whether A's link with B differs depending on gender.  SPSS's dialog boxes for GLM ("Univariate") allow you to specify such an interaction term.  Designing such a model will also allow you to see how A links with B, controlling for gender--assuming the interaction effect is nonsig.*  Just make sure you include the main (plain/vanilla) effects for each predictor as well as any interaction effect, or else you will get inaccurate results.
*In which case you really should rerun the model without the interaction term, for best accuracy.
(If you want to see a basic, visual and nonmathematical summary of the difference between control and interaction, please see this short page of mine.  Sorry if this is a duplicate or self-referential citation, but I think it'd be useful.)


text:
EU approves Sony-Philips acquisition of InterTrust
John Blau
Sony Corp. of America and Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV have won regulatory approval from the European Commission to acquire InterTrust Technologies Corp., which holds numerous patents in the area of digital rights management (DRM).
The deal, valued at US$453 million, raises no serious competition concerns based on the companies' position in the global markets for DRM-related intellectual property rights and existing competition in these markets, the Commission said in a statement issued Monday. The Commission referred to DRM markets as "nascent," arguing that the technology is still developing.
DRM technology is implemented in software and most often used to protect digital content, such as music and video clips, from unauthorized copying. InterTrust's technology can also be used by corporations for digital policy management.
The U.S. subsidiary of Tokyo-based Sony Corp. and Philips in Amsterdam will acquire InterTrust Technologies through Fidelio Acquisition Company LLC., a jointly owned company.
InterTrust, located in Santa Clara, California, holds 26 U.S. patents for DRM technologies, with approximately 85 patent applications pending worldwide, according to Sony, which agreed to license some of the patents earlier this year.
The company sued Microsoft Corp. in April 2001 for alleged patent infringement, and in June of this year expanded its allegations to involve 11 patents, 144 claims and more than 190 infringement scenarios InterTrust believes Microsoft was responsible for.
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Hashtag Trending Jan. 12 – Amazon's employee ranking system; Bitcoin ban; California allocates $6.1 billion to EV
Up Close and Personalized
Peter DeJager - April 30, 2002 0


text:
package com.iluwatar.circuitbreaker;

/**
 * The delay based Circuit breaker implementation that works in a
 * CLOSED->OPEN-(retry_time_period)->HALF_OPEN->CLOSED flow with some retry time period for failed
 * services and a failure threshold for service to open circuit.
 */
public class DefaultCircuitBreaker implements CircuitBreaker {

  private final long timeout;
  private final long retryTimePeriod;
  private final RemoteService service;
  long lastFailureTime;
  private String lastFailureResponse;
  int failureCount;
  private final int failureThreshold;
  private State state;
  private final long futureTime = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000;

  /**
   * Constructor to create an instance of Circuit Breaker.
   *
   * @param timeout          Timeout for the API request. Not necessary for this simple example
   * @param failureThreshold Number of failures we receive from the depended service before changing
   *                         state to 'OPEN'
   * @param retryTimePeriod  Time period after which a new request is made to remote service for
   *                         status check.
   */
  DefaultCircuitBreaker(RemoteService serviceToCall, long timeout, int failureThreshold,
      long retryTimePeriod) {
    this.service = serviceToCall;
    // We start in a closed state hoping that everything is fine
    this.state = State.CLOSED;
    this.failureThreshold = failureThreshold;
    // Timeout for the API request.
    // Used to break the calls made to remote resource if it exceeds the limit
    this.timeout = timeout;
    this.retryTimePeriod = retryTimePeriod;
    //An absurd amount of time in future which basically indicates the last failure never happened
    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
    this.failureCount = 0;
  }

  // Reset everything to defaults
  @Override
  public void recordSuccess() {
    this.failureCount = 0;
    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
    this.state = State.CLOSED;
  }

  @Override
  public void recordFailure(String response) {
    failureCount = failureCount + 1;
    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
    // Cache the failure response for returning on open state
    this.lastFailureResponse = response;
  }

  // Evaluate the current state based on failureThreshold, failureCount and lastFailureTime.
  protected void evaluateState() {
    if (failureCount >= failureThreshold) { //Then something is wrong with remote service
      if ((System.nanoTime() - lastFailureTime) > retryTimePeriod) {
        //We have waited long enough and should try checking if service is up
        state = State.HALF_OPEN;
      } else {
        //Service would still probably be down
        state = State.OPEN;
      }
    } else {
      //Everything is working fine
      state = State.CLOSED;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public String getState() {
    evaluateState();
    return state.name();
  }

  /**
   * Break the circuit beforehand if it is known service is down Or connect the circuit manually if
   * service comes online before expected.
   *
   * @param state State at which circuit is in
   */
  @Override
  public void setState(State state) {
    this.state = state;
    switch (state) {
      case OPEN:
        this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
        this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
        break;
      case HALF_OPEN:
        this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
        this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() - retryTimePeriod;
        break;
      default:
        this.failureCount = 0;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Executes service call.
   *
   * @return Value from the remote resource, stale response or a custom exception
   */
  @Override
  public String attemptRequest() throws RemoteServiceException {
    evaluateState();
    if (state == State.OPEN) {
      // return cached response if the circuit is in OPEN state
      return this.lastFailureResponse;
    } else {
      // Make the API request if the circuit is not OPEN
      try {
        //In a real application, this would be run in a thread and the timeout
        //parameter of the circuit breaker would be utilized to know if service
        //is working. Here, we simulate that based on server response itself
        var response = service.call();
        // Yay!! the API responded fine. Let's reset everything.
        recordSuccess();
        return response;
      } catch (RemoteServiceException ex) {
        recordFailure(ex.getMessage());
        throw ex;
      }
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Gates of the Mountains was named by Lewis and Clark as they traveled up the Missouri River in 1805. In this location, the river carves a narrow gorge through the north end of the Big Belt Mountains as it winds its way to the Great Plains. Limestone cliffs tower above the river and pine forests cover the surrounding hillsides. We'll meet in the Spokane area on Friday the 19th to carpool 5.5 hours east past Helena, Montana. We'll car camp Friday night near the trailhead. On Saturday, we'll hike approximately 4 miles to the Coulter Campground on the Missouri River. We have the option of a side trip to visit the nearby site and memorial of the tragic Mann Gulch fire, where in 1949 13 firefighters lost their lives. Sunday will be spent further exploring the area. We'll hike back out Monday and drive home. Group size limit is 10. Contact Tyler if interested in attending.


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Hunt warns of danger to May if voting in the European elections goes ahead
Theresa May could struggle to hang on to power if she cannot get her Brexit deal through Parliament before the European elections, the Foreign Secretary has warned.
Jeremy Hunt said the "total focus" of ministers was to ensure the country did not have to vote in the elections to the European Parliament on May 23.
Speaking during a visit to Japan, he acknowledged that the Government would be facing a "very serious situation" if it failed to do so.
Under the terms of the latest extension to the Article 50 withdrawal process agreed last week by EU leaders, Britain can call off the elections if the Prime Minister's deal is passed by the Parliament before polling day.
Many Tory MPs are furious that the elections may have to take place at all, amid warnings that the party is likely to suffer heavy losses if they go ahead.
Mr Hunt acknowledged that the party could be heading for a "disastrous" showing at the polls if the country was required to vote.
"In terms of polling it certainly looks that way," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
"That is why we don't want to be in those polls from a political point of view, but actually the bigger principle for people in Britain is that we voted to leave the EU and they want the politicians to get on with it."
Jeremy Hunt held talks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in Tokyo (Kimimasa Mayama/AP)
Mr Hunt said it would be "highly, extremely, very, very challenging" for Mrs May if she was not able to get her deal through.
"That would be a very serious situation – I don't pretend otherwise – but we aren't at that point," he said.
"I think the closer we get to that point the more my colleagues in the House of Commons will realise how high the stakes are."
He said talks with Labour – aimed at finding a cross-party consensus on the way forward – were proving "more constructive" than many at Westminster had expected.
"I don't think we should rule out the possibility of getting some agreement across the House of Commons. It can't just be the Conservatives," he said.
"This is the total focus of not just Theresa May, but the whole Cabinet as well. It is time to put our shoulders into it and really make this happen."
Mr Hunt acknowledged however that the talks may not be successful, in which case he suggested the Conservatives might have to go back to the DUP to find a way forward.
"We don't know if they are going to work and it may be that we need to find a way to rebuild the Conservative-DUP coalition," he said.
The DUP MPs, who prop up the Conservatives at Westminster, have, however, made clear that they will not support the deal unless the Northern Ireland "backstop" is removed – something the EU has said it will not countenance.
Mr Hunt, who is widely expected to be a candidate for the leadership when Mrs May does step down, refused to be drawn on his own ambitions.
But, speaking in Tokyo following talks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, he said the continuing uncertainty over Brexit was damaging Britain internationally.
He said that other countries feared the UK would become "submerged in the mire of Brexit indecision".
"It is absolutely clear that Brexit paralysis, if it continues for a long time, will be highly damaging to our international standing," he said.
If my kids grow up to be half as intelligent and well behaved as the children at Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya High school this morning I'll be a very proud Dad. Great to be teaching English in Japan again after a twenty year gap. pic.twitter.com/72wUkfRI8P
— Jeremy Hunt (@Jeremy_Hunt) April 15, 2019
Ahead of his meeting with Mr Abe, Mr Hunt, who is fluent in Japanese, visited a local high school where he spoke to the pupils in their native tongue.
Afterwards he tweeted: "If my kids grow up to be half as intelligent and well behaved as the children at Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya High school this morning I'll be a very proud Dad.
"Great to be teaching English in Japan again after a 20 year gap."


Black Eyed Peas star Will.i.am has predicted hip-hop could see an artist like British punk rockers The Clash emerge.
Will.i.am says hip-hop is the ''new punk rock''.
The Black Eyed Peas star - who is known for his futuristic production - is certain that a band like The Clash, a group formed in London in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk, are about to explode in rap form.
Black Eyed Peas recently returned with their first song without former singer Fergie.
The 'My Humps' hitmakers - also comprised of Apl.de.ap and Taboo - dropped political track 'Street Livin' which focuses on gun violence and other issues in the US, for their first single since 2016's '#Wheresthelove' remix ''featuring The World'', a version of their hit song 'Where is The Love?'.
Alongside a link to the music video, they wrote on Twitter: ''We have the POWER to make change together.
It comes after will previously said Fergie could rejoin the group in the future, if they decided to reunite in Virtual Reality (VR) form.
The producer and 'The Voice UK' coach said: ''There are infinite possibilities for the world to create.
''We could create virtual Black Eyed Peas.
''You could go back to when we started the group in 1998 and experience that story, you could go back to when we first got signed in 1997 when we first got signed to Interscope.
It's not yet known if 'Street Livin' is a one-off single or whether the band are in the studio preparing a follow-up to 2010's 'The Beginning' LP.


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Granka, Bernard
P/O Bernard Granka, 20 year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. M. Granka, 53 Murray St., flying with Squadron 434, R.C.A.F., took part in the intensive air campaign against Germany early in 1945, and after a flight on February 14, failed to return from the operation. Typical of the eager youth who filled the ranks of the R.C.A.F., P/O Granka enlisted in January, 1943, a month before his 18th birthday, and his training was in Toronto, Edmonton and Vancouver, much to his delight, because he had an adventurous spirit and longed to "see the world". His graduation as a flight engineer took place after he reached
England in the summer of 1944. One of the advantages of being abroad, so he wrote home, was the opportunity of meeting his brothers. With L/S Walter he had a grand reunion in October, and Sgt. Edward, whom he had not seen since 1940, arrived to visit him on the day he took off on his final flight. The two men planned to have a holiday together and while P/O Bernard flew across enemy territory, Edward waited for him at Darlington. Death intervened for the former and he was unable to keep the appointment.
P/O Granka attended King Edward, Victoria and the Collegiate Institute and Vocational Schools. He was an ardent athlete, being a member of the school rugby team and had planned to make sports his life's work, his ambition being to become a director of physical education. He had a perfect disposition for such a career.
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Pearl Group Tests OTA Broadcasts of Interactive Content and Ads
The group, known as Pearl (an early adopter of mobile DTV transmissions in the U.S.), is looking to pursue new opportunities in digital media for local stations and is now targeting Internet-connected televisions, also known as "smart TVs." According to the Consumer Electronics Association, smart TVs represent one of the fastest growing categories in the industry.
In its "Global Digital Living Forecast Workbook" from March 2014, Parks Associates estimates that the number of "Smart TV" households in the U.S. will reach 42 million this year, representing 36% of all TV households. Approximately one-third of those sets will be automatic content recognition (ACR) capable. By 2018, a majority, 56%, of Smart TV sets will be ACR-enabled.
From the article, "Pearl Group Tests OTA Broadcasts of Interactive Content and Ads" by Michael Grotticelli.
Next: Interest in OTT Heats Up
Previous: NAB 2014: Addressing the 4K Content Gap


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REPENTANCE Feat. STUCK MOJO, Ex-SOIL Members: 'Collide' Song
"Collide", the first song from REPENTANCE, the new band featuring former SOIL and DIRGE WITHIN guitarist Shaun Glass and STUCK MOJO frontman Robby J. Fonts, can be streamed below. The track was recorded at Mercenary Studios with Scott Creekmore (DIRGE WITHIN, LIONHEART, BROKEN HOPE) and mixed and mastered by Chris Collier (PRONG, LAST IN LINE, METAL CHURCH, FLOTSAM AND JETSAM)
For the past several months, REPENTANCE has been feverishly writing music at Chicago's Superior Street Studios, keeping a relatively low profile as the project took shape.
Joining Fonts and Glass in the group are guitarist Markus Johnsson, drummer Anthony Lien and bassist Mike Sylvester.
"REPENTANCE came together very naturally, which was a very cleansing experience," states Glass. "At this point in my life, I was hoping to start working and creating new music with an almost entirely new group of people, and this crew organically locked into place."
"It's crazy how things happen," comments Fonts. "I was looking to start a new band since Rich [Ward] and Frank [Fontsere] are currently busy outside of STUCK MOJO [touring with FOZZY], so the timing for REPENTANCE came perfectly. It was NONPOINT's drummer, Robb Rivera, that introduced me to Shaun. One phone call later, we were stoked to get this show on the road. Shaun sent me demos, I wrote lyrics and vocals and our songs started coming together quickly."
"The band's sound is definitely very aggressive, pummeling metal and we can't wait to share some music with everyone soon," adds Glass. "Everyone is bringing their own style to the table, and the uniqueness of each is helping to shape our sound. All that said, we're all on the same page in terms of the musical direction that we're headed. 'Don't play metal if you ain't metal!' We're creating a style that we enjoy ourselves first and foremost."
"You know you're on to something special when everyone connects instantly and the creativity keeps on flowing," says Fonts. "I think fans of our previous work will be in for a pleasant surprise… this band's sound is HEAVY. Get ready for REPENTANCE!"
REPENTANCE will make its live debut on May 23 at The Forge in Joliet, Illinois as the support act for TRIVIUM and TOOTHGRINDER.
REPENTANCE is:
Robby J. Fonts - Vocals
Shaun Glass - Guitars
Markus Johansson - Lead Guitars
Mike Sylvester - Bass
Anthony Lien - Drums
Tags: stuck mojo, soil


All of us want to have baby like skin. We love to touch the soft skin of baby. Being so delicate baby's skin is susceptible to infections. It needs extra care and protections. There are many things that you can do to protect baby skin. This article will give you some useful tips to take care of baby skin.
Baby is born with is a protective covering called vernix that peels off after some time. Peeling is a natural process. There's no need to remove it, rub it, or treat it with lotions or creams.
Avoid frequent bathing: Excessive bathing removes natural oils from baby skin, leaving the skin vulnerable. Babies do not get dirty except for drool and diaper change. Sponge bath is also a good option.
Massage: It is very important to massage baby. Use baby oils that are easily absorbed by baby skin. Massage is one of ways to show your love and affection to baby.
Protect from harsh sunlight and strong winds: Harsh sunlight and strong winds can create skin problem for baby. Always cover baby skin while traveling.
Wash baby clothes before they are worn: New clothes should be washed before they are worn by baby. Use a dye free, fragrance free detergent for baby clothes. Wash baby clothes separately from family clothes.
Don't use baby products in early months: The immune system of baby is developing in early months. Avoid any baby product in the early months.
Avoid exposure to chemicals and potential allergens: Keep babies away from areas where there may get exposed to chemicals or allergens.
Diaper: diaper rashes are one of the most common problems with babies. Use only good quality diaper. Check diaper every hour. Change wet or soiled diapers immediately.
Special care areas: face, neck area, nappy area, area behind ears need special care. These are the areas which that are prone infections and rashes.
Bathing is good for babies skin, but if not done in a proper way can cause skin irritations in small babies. Given below are few tips to be avoided while bathing your baby so as to make bath enjoying and relaxing for the baby.
Baby skin is so delicate and gentle that it needs very special care and attention. Bathing is a natural way of cleaning and keeping the bay skin healthy. Bathing not only removes dirt from the bay skin but also removes natural oil from the skin making it dry.
Mothers usually avoid giving bath to their baby daily. A daily bath if given with few precautions will not harm baby skin, but will only remove germs and dirt. Here are few tips to help you in giving daily bath to your baby.
Leaving your baby in the bath tub for long time makes their skin wrinkly which is not good so make sure you are not giving bath to your baby for more than 10 minutes.
Avoid using hot water for bath. Use lukewarm water as much as possible. Hot water is prone to dryness.
Soaps are harsh on baby's delicate skin, prefer using soap free cleanser or fragrance free soaps instead of soaps. There are various baby soaps available in market which are quite gentle on Baby skin.
Avoid leaving the baby in bath tub with cleansing bar or foam already present in the bath tub.
Bath oils makes the tub slippery, making it difficult to handle the baby because of its slippery nature, moreover bath oils are not good for baby skin. You can use the after bath baby oils if necessary.
Leave the baby in bath tub for playing in a soap free water to prevent his/her skin getting dry by soap water.
Have you ever wondered why babies develop dry patches on their body inspite of all the care? Baby's delicate skins are at larger risk of losing moisture than adults. In winters indoor heating, dry air from outside and cold air reduces the moisture of your babies skin. Bathing also makes babies skin go dry.
Generally women try to take care of their baby's skin in all aspects whether its perfect soap, gentle towel, nice bath tubs or lukewarm water. Still you must have noticed that despite all your efforts you sometimes see a dry path on baby's skin .
As soon as you are done with the baby's bath wipe the baby gently with a soft baby towel and apply moisturizer.
Moisturizers are very good for baby's skin and prevents any chance or loosing moisture from baby's skin. Make sure you apply the moisturizer immediately after the bath.
Moisturize the baby skin twice a day – after the bath and once during a day to reduce dryness.
Chlorine and salt present in pool water is very harmful for baby skin. Apply moisturizer on baby's skin immediately after coming out of pool water.
Dry air is very harmful for baby skin. Use a cool mist humidifier to reduce air dryness and thus helps in reducing the chances of drying the baby skin.
Use mitten to cover baby hands in winter. Keeping the hands covered will protect baby skin from coming in contact with cold, dry air.
You love your baby and taking his care is your first priority. All the marketing guys out there know this fact. They try their best to sell all type of products. Do not just buy a product by looking at their advertisements. Understand your child's need before purchasing any product. Ask yourself, do u need this product? Is this right for your baby?
Newborn baby skin is very delicate and sensitive. His immune system is not well developed. There are a lot of chemicals, cosmetics, dyes, fragrances, detergents and baby products that can cause newborn skin irritation, rashes and dryness. Baby skin do not need many product, selectively choose from the list below. Use only a small amount. Consult your doctor for any medical conditions.
Baby soaps, washes/cleansers & shampoos: These items are used to clean the baby. Your baby is not going out, he do not need much cleaning. Excessive use of these products deprives his skin of natural protective substance already present in his skin. Ensure that these products are very mild and clinically proven.
Baby lotion: may be used to moisturize newborn skin. Take into consideration your baby skin type while buying a lotion. Weather conditions may make it necessary to use baby lotions.
Baby oil: They are used to massage newborn skin. Many formulas available choose the one that suits your baby's skin. They are not moisturizer.
Petroleum jelly: They provide baby's skin with a shielding barrier. They help preventing natural moisture of skin. They can be used to treat diaper rash.
Baby laundry detergent: Regular detergents cannot be used for baby clothes as they are too harsh for babies. Use baby detergents that are free from dye and perfumes.
Baby powder: Baby powder may be used to keep his skin dry. Talcum powder can cause lung problems if inhaled, avoid using them.
Diaper rash ointment: Diaper rashes are one of the most common skin problems of babies. These ointments cure diaper rashes. Consult your doctor if diaper rashes are there for long.
Advertisements – Do fall not prey of good advertisements. Be aware of claims. Check if the claims are supported with real evidence.
Read labels carefully – Baby skin care products that contain chemicals, dyes or fragrances can cause skin and breathing problems. Buy only chemical free, fragrance free and dye free products.
Natural baby skin care products are safe for most infants – Choose products made from natural ingredients. Natural products are best suited for delicate skin of babies.
Allergies – If you have a family history of allergies or asthma, your newborn may also be sensitive these. Avoid any such product that may be a potential source of allergy.
The label "hypoallergenic" – means that the product is less likely to cause an allergic effect. It does not necessarily mean the product is safer than on the skin than other products.
Medically endorsed – If the product is endorsed by medical associations, then verified by qualified doctors. Such products would mean that product is safe for your baby.
Clinically proven products – Some products are clinically proven, this means that their claims are established. Such products are more trustworthy.
We would love to hear your own tips on how to take care young babies. Please leave us a comment and let us know.


The challenging trekking trail of the Kanchenjunga Circuit Trek lies at Taplejung District of eastern Nepal. The majestic mountain Mt. Kanchenjunga is the world's third Highest Mountain which is the major attraction point of this trek. The enchanting trail of the Kanchenjunga Circuit Trek has been alluring the heart of many trekking enthusiasts as one of the finest trekking route in Nepal.
The enthralling trail of the Kanchenjunga Circuit probes the area surrounding the astounding Mount Kanchenjunga. The breath taking scenery from tropical forest to the blooming rhododendron forest, oak forest to the high alpine forest and the pure wilderness of the region will boggle your mind. The highly diversified Nepalese culture and tradition and life-style of the local inhabitants of the Tibetan Buddhist villages will be a once in a lifetime experience for you as you witness the most decorated heart warming hospitality of the natives with the motto, 'Aathiti Devo Vawa' which means guests are Gods. The Kanchenjunga Circuit Trek rolls off with the journey from the capital of Nepal, Kathmandu to the heart of the Terai, Biratnagar. The trail then moves along the warm villages of the Kanchenjunga region. As the trek trails off from the north of Kanchenjunga, the trek rewards you with the 360 degree panorama of the majestic mountain vistas of the Cross Peak, Nepal Peak, and the Tent Peak perfectly decorated with the high walls of the tall standing Mount Kanchenjunga. From the beauty of the Pangpema the trail routes towards Ghunsa. The Kanchenjunga Circuit Trek continuously trails you to the spine chilling high pass of Mirgin-La (4,645m) leading you towards the enchanting southern part of Kanchenjunga. Walking through this breath taking pass will immensely reward you with the beautiful yak pastures of Oktang and Ramche with the perfect blend of the alluring panorama of the majestic south west face of Kanchenjunga.
Come join the highly trained team of Himalayan Aster Treks as we assure to walk the adventurous Kanchenjunga Circuit Trek hand in hand with you to make this trek the best trekking experience of your life.