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Do We Get Tax Breaks for Working From Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
| February 8th, 2021
Welcome to Ask Clark, a column designed to answer your financial questions, by money expert Clark Howard.
With Many Employees Working Remotely Last Year, Are There Tax Breaks We Should Know About?
Leah from Georgia asks: "With so many of us working from home for much of last year, are there tax breaks we should be aware of? Any suggestions — on how and what deductions could be available for those of us using our homes as offices too — would be helpful."
Clark's Take on Tax Breaks for Working From Home
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has made a pretty clear separation between workers who can and can't claim tax breaks for working remotely, and that hasn't changed despite the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clark says: "The tax code is not your friend on this if you're a 'W-2 employee.'"
"If you are a 'W-2 employee' [a typical, salaried employee and not an independent contractor], the expenses you've incurred working from home are not going to benefit you. If you are a 1099 person — you're paid as an independent contractor — those expenses are deductible."
More good news for independent contractors: "You may even be able to take a portion of your home and deduct a cost for it, known as the home office deduction," Clark says.
For a detailed look at how the government defines deductible home office expenses for independent contractors, read this news release from the IRS.
To hear Clark's full take on this question, listen to the segment:
https://clark.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Ask-Clark_WFH-Tax-Breaks_2021.mp3
Do you have a question for Clark? Use this form to ask him! And remember that you can listen to the Clark Howard Podcast at any time here.
If you have a question but don't want to go on-air, contact Clark's Consumer Action Center for free money help.
More Tax Resources From Clark.com:
Free State and Federal Tax Filing Options
Here Are the New IRS Tax Brackets for 2021
Why You Do Not Want to Get a Big Tax Refund Check


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Travelogue day 11: Duma Tau
From Victoria Falls we were supposed to fly to Kasane, Botswana, where we would get on a small bush plane to fly into the Okavango delta. But on our way to the airport our driver got a call that our flight had been cancelled due to bad weather. You didn't have to be a pilot to know that this was total BS. Yes, there were a few clouds in the sky, but it was still an easy VFR day. Most likely, our driver said, the pilot just decided he wanted to take the day off and go fishing or something. Happens all the time, he said.
Plan B was to drive to Botswana, which was fine because it actually wasn't very far, only about an hour or so. The only tricky part was that our driver wasn't allowed to cross the border, so we had to change to a different car. But we made it in plenty of time to catch our connecting flight.
Despite the fact that we were getting on a Cessna Caravan headed for the middle of nowhere, they still made us go through the standard security procedures for a regular commercial flight. Post-9-11 security theatre has infested the furthest reaches of the globe.
We flew from Kasane to Duma Tau ("roar of the lion"), the first of three camps we would be staying at in the Okavango delta. (BTW, Wilderness Safaris, which runs the camp, has one of the best 404 pages on the internet :-) Unfortunately, I don't have very many photos of the camp itself (the camp's web site has a nice gallery). The reason for this is that on our first day there we had a bit of an, um, incident. To set the stage for this story, I have to tell you a little bit about the layout of the camp.
Duma Tau has about a dozen tents laid out in a line along the shore of an estuary. Well, OK, it's not technically an estuary since it doesn't connect with the ocean. But the whole Okavango delta doesn't connect with the ocean, so all the nomenclature gets a little weird in there anyway. The Duma Tau web site calls it a lagoon, but that's not really right either. Maybe it's a lake. In any case, the tents are stretched out along a shore line, with a central common area in the middle. The tents are all connected by a boardwalk, and they're spaced pretty far apart. At the far end of the boardwalk is a small swimming pool that also looks out over the estuary/lagoon/lake/whatever-the-heck-you-want-to-call-it. From the central area to the pool is quite a hike, nearly a quarter of a mile.
The routine at these camps is to wake up at 5AM (!), go out for a morning game drive, come back around 10 or 11, have lunch, and then take a siesta until about 4. It can get beastly hot in the afternoon and the animals mostly just try to hide in the shade so there's not much to see. Our first full day there was typical, so after lunch I decided to go take a dip in the pool. The sun was shining, it was nice and toasty, and the tents don't have air conditioning, so it seemed like the thing to do. And it was. For about half an hour.
It was the most dramatic change in the weather I have ever seen in my life. First the sun went away. Then it started to rain. Within five minutes the wind was blowing so hard that I wasn't sure it would be safe to get out of the pool. There were two large beach umbrellas on the pool deck; the wind picked them both up, turned them inside out, and deposited them about ten yards from where they had been. My guess is that the wind was probably blowing about 50 knots.
And then I remembered: our tent was open.
Now, the tents at Duma Tau are not your ordinary camping tents. They are semi-permanent structures built on wooden platforms with very heavy-duty wooden frames and covered with industrial grade canvas. But they are still tents. And most of the time in the middle of the afternoon the problem is not rain but heat, so the walls of the tent can be rolled up to let air in (there are floor-to-ceiling screens to keep the bugs out). Which is the configuration our tent was in.
Only two of the walls were open, but they were facing in exactly the wrong direction, into the wind. When I got to our tent it looked like someone had taken a firehose to the interior. Everything (and I mean everything!) was soaked. The floor. The walls. The ceiling. The bed. The towels.
My computer.
The camps don't have air conditioning, but they do have enough electricity to run light bulbs and chargers, so we travel with a sizable collection of electronics: cameras, laptops, phones and their associated chargers, adapters, dongles, dingles and miscellaneous accessories. They were all laid out on the little desk in the center of the tent. And they were all soaking wet. We were hosed. Literally.
Fortunately, some spare towels in a cabinet had been spared so I grabbed one of them and started toweling off the various gadgets. Fortunately, everything actually seemed to be OK. My computer was even still working despite the fact that it was soaking wet, but I knew better than to take too much comfort from this. It can take some time for water to do its bit, so I shut everything down, set up a fan to blow on it, and prayed to whatever gods might be out there to spare my poor little computer who had never hurt anyone in its life and deserved to live.
Meanwhile, the entire camp was a minor disaster area. All of the major structures had held, but so much rain had come down in so short a time that many of the roofs were sagging under the weight of enormous bulges of water. Most of these could be drained by pushing up on them from below, but some were so heavy that this wasn't possible and the staff had to dismantle the tent in order to get the water out. And of course there was debris everywhere.
The staff was amazing. They just hunkered down and cleaned it all up, and within a few hours it was as if nothing had ever happened. They moved us into another tent (which had been closed up — and hence dry — because it was vacant). It was all done in time for afternoon tea.
So we went out on the evening game drive and saw some amazing wildlife. This is just a brief highlight reel; I took over 800 photographs just at Duma Tau alone (my motto was: film is cheap, so shoot first and ask questions later.) I'm making these smaller than usual so this post doesn't take up so much space. Click on the photos to enlarge them.
A waterbuck.
A giraffe (obviously).
An oxpecker. They hang out on the large herbivores and eat the parasites that live in their fur.
Wild dogs. It's rare to see them because they are endangered.
Elephants (obviously!)
Du hoerst nachts die trommeln drehen
Doch du wirst nie verstehn
Was die augen eines elefanten sehn
A red-billed hornbill. Not to be confused with the yellow-billed hornbill. (There are, it turns out, five different species of red-billed hornbill. I don't know which one this is. But there are some people who are seriously into birds who know these things.)
Saddle-billed stork. It's hard to tell from this picture, but this bird stands about five feet tall. Their wingspan ranges up to nine feet.
A woodland kingfisher. There are a ridiculous number of different kingfisher species in the world.
A lilac breasted roller.
A leopard with a freshly killed baby impala (a.k.a. leopard chow).
Red in tooth and claw.
I still can't believe I got that shot.
Well, this is stupid
Upgrade or die: Apple's diabolical re-invention of...
Almost forgot...
Was it something I said?
West Africa travelogue wrap up
Travelogue day 14: Madikwe game reserve
Travelogue day 13: Little Mombo
Travelogue day 12: Little Vumbura
Two data points
What should be done about wealth disparity (if any...
Travelogue day 10: Victoria Falls
My simplified response to Paul Graham's simplified...
The pernicious myth of individual productivity
Income inequality is both a problem and a symptom
Travelogue day 11: Walvis Bay, Namibia
Travelogue, day 10: Luanda, Angola

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Born in Bournemouth, England, Kimathi Donkor graduated from an MA in Fine Art at Camberwell College of Arts in 2010 and is currently doing a PhD at Chelsea. Kimathi started his residency at The Gate Theatre in January after being invited to make work in response to the current production of Andrew Whaley's play, 'The rise and shine of Comrade Fiasco'.
Kimathi has a very exciting and busy year coming ahead. As well as completing his current PhD titled 'Africana Unmasked: Fugitive signs of Africa in Tate's collection of British Art', he will also be taking on a residency and solo show in Johannesburg, South Africa and another solo show in Lagos, Nigeria. Here he tells us about his work at The Gate Theatre.
How has it been to be an artist in residence at The Gate Theatre?
My residency at The Gate has been supported financially by the Chelsea Arts Club Trust, and through curator Daisy McMullan.
Like so many of us, I've got a fascination with actors and the whole process of transforming into another character. So, the most inspiring part of the residency was my time in amongst the rehearsals and all that behind-the-scenes creativity. The Gate is a very small theatre, and the production has a cast of four, but it seemed as though it took a hundred people to get the whole show rolling – it's all very sophisticated technologically, in terms of the set, sound and lighting. Another highlight was that some of my work has been sold, which is always good news!
What is the subject of your present exhibition at the Gate Theatre and what are you showcasing?
Andrew Whaley's play, 'The rise and shine of Comrade Fiasco', is set in a police cell in Zimbabwe, with a theme that focuses on the aftermath of the war against colonial rule. So, I created a mural in the theatre stairwell that uses motifs and colours drawn from the new country's national flag. It includes a large, golden bird that symbolises Zimbabwe's ancient, artistic heritage.
Plus, I'm showing other works using a process, which I call 'stretch and bar' – I create paintings on the back of a traditional canvas, so that the wooden stretcher bars form part of the composition. It's a way way of thinking about the relationship between western art history and African identity, which I first started using in 2008 (and I'm showing one of the original, 2008 works, too).
My new works include portraits of the amazing cast: Gary Beadle, Kurt Egyiawan, Joan Iyiola and Abdul Salis. When I first showed them what I'd done, I got a bit nervous, as you never quite know how people will react to their portraits! Plus, as an avid EastEnders watcher, I was a bit starstruck by Gary, who used to play Patrick Trueman's son Paul back in the day! But, I needn't have worried, as they were all full of praise for my work (all though, with such good actors, how can you tell, eh?… only joking!).


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text:
Jun 9, 2019 8 min read Newsletter
🔮 Apple's billion users; against knowledge; unsustainable AI; the autonomous economy; wealth, stamina and pregnancy++ #221
An intellectual feast in London next week, join me
See how Ocean Protocol is helping to bring innovation to patient care.
Please do me a favour and help with a couple of things:
First, to prevent future mass-spam problems, star this in your inbox and add azeem.azhar@exponentialview.co to your contacts—especially if you're using your corporate account;
Second, we're starting to prepare for the fourth season of the Exponential View podcast; if you haven't listened to my conversations thus far, you really should. What would particularly help is if you could 1) subscribe, 2) give us a 5-star rating and, 3) leave a nice review on your app of choice: Apple podcasts, Spotify, Overcast, Google or Breaker.
This won't take more than a minute or two, but means a lot to me & my team. Thanks!
🍏 Sometimes it's worth reminding ourselves just how big Apple has become. Roughly a billion people around the world are using over 1.4 billion Apple devices. Neil Cybart argues that, with opportunities for upselling and new services revenues, 'the company has reached a level of ecosystem strength that still hasn't been fully digested by the marketplace.'
💯 Exploring the autonomous economy. My conversation with complexity economist and theorist of technology, W. Brian Arthur. Recommended.
🇺🇸🇨🇳 The looming 100-year US-China conflict. Martin Wolf writes in the FT about the US-China rivalry, and that countering China is becoming an 'organising principle of US economic, foreign and security policies.' Wolf argues that it doesn't need to be this way, and that China's rise can be managed through a blend of cooperation and competition. Grim reading.
The tragedy in what is now happening is that the administration is simultaneously launching a conflict between the two powers, attacking its allies and destroying the institutions of the postwar US-led order. Today's attack on China is the wrong war, fought in the wrong way, on the wrong terrain. Alas, this is where we now are.
💣 The arrival of Amazon's HQ2 in Crystal City, the 'cradle of US government contracting', marks a significant leap forward for the burgeoning military-AI complex. Amazon's decision to metaphorically and literally move closer to the Pentagon comes in the midst of a growing tech Cold War between the US and China. The US continues to campaign aggressively against Huawei around the world and the Chinese military is reportedly considering replacing Windows with a home-grown OS. (See EV#219 for more analysis of the US-China spat.)
🕵 The balance of power in global espionage is shifting, writes Edward Lucas in Foreign Policy. Closed societies like China, Iran and Russia now have the advantage over more open ones, and a gulf is opening up between a handful of countries with the most advanced technological capabilities and the rest of the world; furthermore, the boundaries between public and private sector intelligence work are being blurred.
🤔 Knowledge is a Stone Age concept we should leave behind, argues David Papineau. Quite a challenging and interesting piece with growing relevance as we increasingly use machine learning systems which are stochastic rather than deterministic in their outcomes. 'We keep favouring weaker direct evidence over good statistics [...] Time and again, we're more ready to act on information that fits the archaic stereotype of directly caused knowledge than on good statistics. But it's all a bad idea.'
Climate catastrophe: 414.19ppm | 4,000 days
Each week, we're going to remind you of the CO2 levels in the atmosphere.
The latest measurement (as of June 6): 414.19 ppm; 12 months ago: 409ppm; 50 years ago: 326.66ppm; 250 years ago, est: 250ppm. Share this reminder with your community by forwarding this email or tweeting this.
We've passed the seasonal peak for readings of CO2 at Mauna Loa. As our plants green, particularly in Siberia, they will suck some of the CO2 out of the atmosphere. Focus on the delta over the past 12 months. The delta itself continues to increase.
I'm going to introduce another metric, helpfully sparked by an email from EV reader Gavin Starks: on current trends, we are roughly 4,000 days from the 450ppm threshold. I think it is another number to help us focus the mind. Starting today, June 10th, I'll count down from the 4,000 days every week in Exponential View. I hope it will help focus our collective wills. 4,000 days is an approximation. But, I hope you find the countdown clock useful. Action, in this case, is better than inaction.
🇫🇮🌿 Finland's new government has pledged the nation will become carbon neutral by 2035.
Phillip Hammond, Britain's chancellor, has said that it will cost £1 trillion to get Britain to carbon zero by 2050. The suggestion was that this would crowd out other investment priorities (although it's hard to see which could be more important). The thinking is muddle-headed. Many of the technologies that are required for decarbonisation are enjoying periods of exponential improvement (renewables, storage costs, AI systems to manage grids). At current rates, over the next 30 years, the UK will spend £300bn or so subsidising fossil fuels. The UK bank rescue of 2008 was a package close to £500bn. Our economies can afford it.
More than 21m homes in the UK alone depend on natural gas for heating and/or cooking. Replacing that infrastructure with zero-carbon solutions would result in a remarkable large-scale effort. For the sake of argument, say it takes 8 person-days to replace the gas heating infrastructure in a home with something that is zero carbon. That is about triple the time it takes to install a new gas boiler and would result in 150m days of work to physically do the replacement or about 1 million years of work. This alone could create 200,000 highly skilled installation jobs for five years, let alone the ancillary roles around it.
Driving investment, incentives, taxation and research into decarbonisation would surely bring the cost of the tech technology down while driving up its capabilities. Concomitantly, timescales would compress as we propel to a higher energy level of a renewable, sustainable economy. There might be some short-term pain in this process of decarbonisation which can be borne progressively by the biggest historical and current emitters and those best able to afford it. The problem here is one of imagination. To paraphrase Gramsci, we should have a 'pessimism of the intellect' but demand the 'optimism of the will.'
Dept of artificial intelligence
Training neural networks are exceptionally energy inefficient. Take Transformer, a neural net for natural language understanding. Training it to a state-of-the-art level would require 656MWh of energy. Assuming you did this on Amazon Web Services, this would have a carbon footprint of around 283,000kg of CO2E (equivalent to five times the lifetime emissions of an average car).
So many fascinating ideas:
The human brain, which is competitive with one of these Nets at this sort of task, require about 20W. Assuming you are awake 16 hours a day, and live for 80 years, your brain will require about 9MWh.
Data centres need to move to renewables rapidly—and we need a carbon tax.
There are nuances here. Inferencing (that is getting the system to make the correct predictions, rather than training it to make them) is much less energy-intensive. And well-trained algorithms may well reduce carbon loads through offsetting other behaviours. For example, imagine a version of the Transformer net that can translate between spoken-language-pairs in real time. That might help eliminate tens of thousands of flights every year--as teams can more easily collaborate across regions and languages.
The UK's Information Commissioner's Office and the Alan Turing Institute have been researching what explaining AI decisions means in practice. They found that context is key. What people seek from an explanation varies depending on the setting. Consumers want explanations in the case of recruitment or legal algorithms but, in healthcare, they care to know that a decision was accurate even if it wasn't explicable.
⚖ Scribes attack printing press. Not quite, but a new French law prevents firms from 'publicly revealing the pattern of judges' behaviour in relation to court decisions.' Such decision-making is relatively easy to benchmark and model—and could lead to more even-handed judicial decision-making. (See also the essay on knowledge above.)
The AI data supply chain is an opaque one. Firms often don't tell users how their data will be used—and often lose sight of where it ultimately is used. This is going to be an interesting battleground for legislators and regulators in the coming years. Shoshana Zuboff and I will touch on this issue in an upcoming episode of my podcast. (This issue is also impacting 'data-for-good' projects, reports Amy Maxmen in Nature: 'concerns are rising over the lack of consent involved; the potential for breaches of privacy, even from anonymized data sets; and the possibility of misuse by commercial or government entities interested in surveillance.')
Megvii, the Chinese AI company behind the Face++ facial recognition technology, may be the next company to find itself caught in the crosshairs of the China-US tech war. Interesting profile of the firm and its founder, Yin Qi.
Dept of the future of work
This section is only available to premium members of Exponential View.
💰 Wealthy individuals and rich corporations are struggling to invest their piles of cash. (Excellent short read.)
Scientists say they've found the limits of human endurance.
🌌 NASA is throwing helicopters, and themselves, at the ground just to see how hard it would be to get good pictures of Venus. Researchers think Venus could be the key to finding other habitable worlds.
⚡ The Indian government could force ride-hailing services to go electric.
Connected fitness startup Peloton has filed to go public.
🔩 Apple is putting the screws on third-party developers in the name of user privacy.
Your gut bacteria effects how you metabolise drugs, which has important implications for medical treatment.
Scott Kupor of a16z has written a new book about venture capital and how to get it. His colleague Andrew Chen sums up some of the key topics.
🏳 Stanford Professor Emeritus of History Barton Bernstein digs into the archival research on the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, arguing that American leaders could probably have ended the war without resorting to using the A bomb—but that, at the time, 'there were few moral restraints left in what had become virtually a total war.'
😨 A new novel about the commerce and politics of surrogacy sounds unnervingly plausible. In 'The Farm', poor immigrant women carry the babies of wealthy parents.
If you are in London, you should make your way to CogX, the Festival of AI, launched by (EV readers) Charlie Muirhead and Tabitha Goldstaub. Dozens of readers are speaking or otherwise involved. I am running a stage, Cutting Edge, with Libby Kinsey. We are looking at what comes next as we careen into the near future.
I tried to encapsulate some of this event in this twitter message.
As a reader, you get 25% off if you register here. Swing round to the stage and wave 'hello'!
P.S. Scroll down for some amazing news and projects by our readers!
Searching for the right dataset can be like looking for a needle in a haystack. With the right metadata, this search is optimized. Learn how metadata works on Ocean Protocol.
What you are up to — notes from EV readers
Congratulations to Geraint Rees for being named the Pro-Vice-Provost for artificial intelligence at the UCL.
Marija Gavrilov explores how automation of care will make us re-evaluate human empathy.
Stephan Samson's AkademyAI offers a full scholarship to women to attend a summer AI engineering bootcamp in Barcelona. Don't miss this opportunity!
Gabriele Mazzini maps out the the intersections between AI and the EU law.
Jaimie Boyd, director of Canada's Open Government, hosted the 6th Global Summit of the Open Government Partnership in Ottawa. All sessions have been recorded and are available here.
Arif Khan's discusses SingularityNET's new partnership with Domino Pizza and how they're using AI to enable efficient supply chain operations.
Julia Ross shares an exciting company builder program for entrepreneurs who want to create and implement solutions for the elderly. Apply by the end of June here.
Eric Beinhocker discusses the Invisible Hand and whether greed is good on BBC Radio 4.
To share your project and news with the EV community, email marija@exponentialview.co


text:
Noah Gragson Will Power Josef Newgarden Ross Chastain Max Verstappen Alex Palou Joey Logano Ty Majeski Zane Smith John Hunter Nemechek Ryan Sieg Landon Cassill Austin Dillon Kyle Busch Richard Childress Brad Keselowski Kevin Harvick Kyle Larson Jack Roush Tyler Reddick A. J. Allmendinger Justin Allgaier Chris Buescher Chase Elliott Brandon Jones Men's sports NASCAR Truck Series NHRA Sports Automobile racing NASCAR NASCAR Xfinity Series
Noah Gragson Ross Chastain Joey Logano Ty Majeski Zane Smith John Hunter Nemechek Ryan Sieg Landon Cassill Austin Dillon Kyle Busch Brad Keselowski Kevin Harvick Kyle Larson Tyler Reddick AJ Allmendinger Justin Allgaier Chris Buescher Chase Elliott Brandon Jones
AUTO RACING: Two champs eliminated as NASCAR heads to Texas
By The Associated Press - Sep. 20, 2022 08:43 AM EDT
Chris Buescher celebrates with his trophy and sword after winning a NASCAR Cup Series auto race at Bristol Motor Speedway Saturday, Sept. 17, 2022, in Bristol, Tenn. (AP Photo/Mark Humphrey)
AutoTrader EchoPark Automotive 500
Site: Fort Worth, Texas
Schedule: Saturday, practice, 12:35 p.m., and qualifying, 1:20 p.m.; Sunday, race, 3:30 p.m. (USA)
Track: Texas Motor Speedway
Race distance: 334 laps, 500 miles.
Last year: Kyle Larson won from the pole position.
Last race: Chris Buescher gave RFK Racing, a team long-owned by Jack Roush that added Brad Keselowski as a co-owner this year, its first victory in a points-paying Cup race in over five years by winning the night race at Bristol..
Fast facts: Buescher became the 19th different winner in NASCAR's top series this season, matching a record accomplished four other times, and the third straight non-playoff participant to win in the postseason. ... 2014 series champion Kevin Harvick, Kyle Busch (2015, 2019) and Richard Childress Racing teammates Austin Dillon and Tyler Reddick were eliminated as the playoffs move to the next round. ... Chase Elliott leads Joey Logano by 15 points, Ross Chastain by 20 and defending series champ Kyle Larson by 21.
Next race: Oct. 2, Talladega, Alabama.
Online: http://www.nascar.com
Andy's Frozen Custard 300
Schedule: Saturday, practice, 10:35 a.m., qualifying, 11:05 a.m., and race, 3:30 p.m. (USA).
Track: Texas Motor Speedway.
Last year: John Hunter Nemechek won after starting 10th.
Last race: Noah Gragson held off Brandon Jones over the closing laps at Bristol to win his third consecutive race and series-best sixth this year.
Fast facts: Gragson enter the first race of the playoffs as the top seed while A.J. Allmendinger won his second consecutive regular season title. ... Gragson leads Ty Gibbs by 13 points, Justin Allgaier by 18 and Allmendinger by 19 heading into the Round of 12. ... Ryan Sieg claimed the last spot in the postseason by five points over Landon Cassill, who finished 35th.
NASCAR TRUCK SERIES
Last race: Ty Majeski pulled away from Zane Smith on a restart with 12 laps to go at Bristol and earned his first career victory — and in berth in the championship finale at Phoenix in November.
Last race: Points leader Max Verstappen won after starting seventh in Italy — his fifth consecutive victory and 11th in 16 races this season — and moved within striking distance of his second consecutive season championship
Next race: Oct. 2, Marina Bay, Singapore.
Online: http://www.formula1.com
Last race: Outgoing champion Alex Palou won at Laguna Seca and Will Power finished third in the season finale to beat Team Penske teammate Josef Newgarden for the season championship by 16 points. It's the second title for Power, who also won in 2014, and the 17th for the Penske organization.
Next race: Next season.
Online: http://www.indycar.com
Last event: Austin Prock won in Top Fuel and Robert Hight won in Funny Car on Pennsylvania.
Next event: Sept. 23-25, Concord, North Carolina.
Online: http://www.nhra.com
Next events: Sept. 23, Rossburg, Ohio, and Sept. 24, Hartford, Ohio.
Online: http://worldofoutlaws.com/sprintcars


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Jerry and Susan Stapleton Welcome RGVMOD
Jerry and Susan Stapleton welcomed RGVMOD into their Harlingen midcentury modern home where surrounded by a pristine sub-tropical landscape, they combine casual chic with international flair.
Jerry and Susan have traveled the world and are avid collectors of precious curiosities they cherish as reminders of memorable journeys. Their impeccable taste dictates the placement of each piece around the house to the delight of guests; every piece has a story. They bought this home in 1983. Both love the style of the era and had previously lived in a nearby Alan Y. Taniguchi home. Today, their commitment to preservation is obvious, for their home boasts original cabinetry in the kitchen and bedroom closets along with architectural features such as the wood beams and the paper, asphalt and gravel roof. A previous owner built a pitched roof addition that flows effortlessly albeit the flat roof original structure.
Carefully displayed works of original art abound throughout the Stapleton home, but it is one artist in particular that sparked the conversation from Jerry: his good friend retired architect turned watercolor artist Bill Wadley who currently resides in Plano, Texas. Jerry and Wadley met in the Rio Grande Valley when Wadley worked with the architecture firm of Fletcher, Wadley and Walker.
An original small-scale glass block wall divides two bedrooms allowing sunlight to come in from the large windows of one bedroom into the second one. Natural light was by far the most important element of midcentury modern homes, and nothing was spared to integrate natural light into every room. At one time when the Stapleton children were living at home, one side of the glass wall was covered for added privacy, but now Susan and Jerry said it is likely the wood paneling will come down to showcase the original design.
Architect John G. York's favored post-and-beam construction can be admired all over the house and in the carport as shown in the photos below. As we can see in the carport photo, the beams are built up of three thicknesses of lumber bolted together with the bolts exposed. Because this house was designed with a flat roof, its style is considered a post-and-beam-and-deck construction.
heir home was designed by the archiectural firm of Cocke, Bowman & York and built in 1952 in McKelvey's Laurel Park subdivision. It was built for Charles Gayle Van Tyne who used Gayle as his first name rather than Charles. He is first found in Harlingen in the 1937-38 Wilmot's Harlingen Telephone Directory under the name C. G. Tine (sic) he is registered as a salesman for the Knapp Chevrolet Company. Gayle was born in Kansas on August 1st 1909. Lucile was born in Ohio in 1914. Son Richard was born in Rio Hondo, Texas on May 31 1932.
According to records researched by Norman Rozeff, the house was purchased by David J. O'Brien in 1979. O'Brien served as the Executive Vice-President of the Harlingen National Bank at the time. O'Brien and his wife Peggy live there until 1982 when they sold it to their good friend Jerry Stapleton.
Earlier this year Jerry semi-retired from his law practice and built a small office adjacent to the car port where he can attend to a small clientele. The addition was tastefully done, for Jerry and Susan know plenty about the architectural significance of their home. Susan is a travel agent with World Connections in Harlingen where she shares her wealth of knowledge about travel, especially to Europe, with those planning meaningful travel experiences. Today they enjoy their hobbies. Jerry relishes golf's challenges, and Susan is a volunteer with the Dining by Design organization raising money for the American Cancer Society. They enjoy the company of friends and their beloved dog Scarlet, but nothing compares to life in their classic midcentury modern home.
More photos below, and for those interested in the history of Harlingen and Van Tyne – the original owner of this home – please continue reading the following compilation contributed by local historian Norman Rozeff.
Charles Gayle Van Tyne used Gayle as his first name rather than Charles. He is first found in Harlingen in the 1937-38 Wilmot's Harlingen Telephone Directory under the name C. G. Tine (sic) he is a salesman for the Knapp Chevrolet Company. He, his wife Lucile, and young son, Richard Gayle Van Tyne are living at 1 Palm Court, 1202-10 W. Van Buren Avenue. Gayle was born in Kansas 1 August 1909. Lucile was born in Ohio in 1914. Son Richard was born in Rio Hondo, Texas 31 May 1932.
By 1941 while still in the employ of Knapp, Gayle, and his family, are living at 1017 E. Madison Avenue.
1942-43 Van Tyne is employed at the Gunnery School located at the Harlingen Army Air Field. He and his family now reside at 1721 S. 1st Street.
9/21/43 Finis Easterling and Gayle Van Tyne operate a filling station at Four Corners (F and Harrison Streets). They acquire the Harlingen Pontiac agency in 1944 with the former assuming ownership in 1959. Finis will later own agencies in Brownsville, Alice, Kingsville and Corpus Christi. Easterling had begun his career in 1934 as low man on the totem pole for the Boggus agency. He will serve on the City Commission 12/56 until his untimely death from cancer at age 45 on 12/31/60.
1944 Van Tyne is noted in the directory as being a used car salesman. He and his family continue to reside at 1721 S. 1st Street.
1946 Easterling and Van Tyne become co-owners of Easterling and Van Tyne Sales Company located at 101-105 E. Harrison Avenue. By 1948 this becomes Easterling and Van Tyne Pontiac. By 1950 the directory indicates that they are also selling refrigerators.
In 1950 McKelvy's Laurel Park subdivision has only three homes on Parkwood Drive. One is that of Frank G. Parker and his wife Margaret. The lot will later be numbered 2002 South Parkwood. He is a building contractor and also serving on the City Commission. The second belongs to W. B. Uhlhorn, real estate developer. Its number will become 1709. The third home is that of J. B . Ashcraft III, his wife Jackie, and their three children. The number will become 1914. He is co-owner of the Kreidler-Ashcraft Funeral Home.
1952 First numbered as 1921 South Parkwood Drive, it will later become 1913. The Van Tynes reside in this newly constructed house while their son Richard is now a student elsewhere. They will continue to live there together until 30 October 1968 when Mr. Van Tyne dies in Brownsville. It was by 1961 that Van Tyne had started Van Tyne Motors at 305 W. Elizabeth Street, Brownsville.
1970-1972 Joseph A. Carey Sr. is living with Mrs. Van Tyne at 1913, but by 1974 she is by herself again. She likely died in 1977 as no resident is listed for the year 1978.
By 1979 David J. O'Brien, Executive Vice-president of the Harlingen Nation Bank purchases the house. He resides in it with his wife Peggy.
By 1983 attorney Jerry Stapleton has acquired the house. Into the year 2014 he continues to reside there with his wife, Susan.
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Category: Environment Law
Principles of Indian Environment Law – Environment Law Notes
You can grab notes on other topics from here.
Polluter Pays Principle
Whoever pollutes the environment has to pay compensation for the pollution caused. Restitution is the basic idea behind compensation. This principle is applied after the pollution has been caused (ex-post application).
It is after the pollution has been caused since you need to establish a harm or causality between the action of polluter and harm caused. Causality is important to measure the damage.
Polluter pays principle is only applied to actual damage which is substantial in nature. It cannot be applied to future or potential damage.
Based on Utilitarian ethics – the Greatest good for the greater number – since you are not holding the state liable but the polluter liable for the damage caused.
Economic principle – encourages rational/ efficient use of scarce resources- internalize the cost of pollution control.
Constitutional Remedies – Environment Law Notes
Entries in List I, II and III.
List I – Entry 56 and 57
List II – Entry 17, 21 and 57
List III- Entry 17, 7A and 17B
Fundamental duties (Articles 48A, 51-A(g))
21 – Right to life jurisprudence
245 and 246 – distribution of powers between State and Parliament – Concurrent list – both have powers
Article 248 – Parliament has residuary powers
Article 249 – power of parliament to legislate with respect to matter in the State list in national interest (2/3's majority in Rajya Sabha)
Article 250 – power of parliament to legislate with respect to matter in the State list (during emergency)
Article 251 – Inconsistency between laws – Parliament and State – Parliamentary act will prevail
Article 252 – Parliament power to legislate when 2 or more states consent
Article 253 – legislation for giving effect to international agreements
Article 254 – Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by Legislature
Parliament law will prevail over state law – subjects under list I or Concurrent List
Repugnant state law – if it has been reserved for the consideration of the President – subject under Concurrent list – will prevail in the State
Proviso – nothing shall prevent Parliament – wrt same matter – any law amending, varying or repealing the law made by the legislature of the State
Constitutional (Forty Second) Amendment Act 1976 (Part IV – DPSP)
Article 48 – The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country
Article 51-A(g) – It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures
Fundamental Duties cases
K. Koolwal v. State of Rajasthan
L.K.Koolwal moves to the court in the matter of sanitation of Jaipur city. It is against the municipality and its failure to provide clean streets.
Article 51A – states that it is the duty of citizens, but in fact, it is also the right of citizens as it gives them a right to move to the court. Article 51A gives the right to move to the court for the enforcement of the duty cast on state, instrumentalities, agencies, departments, local bodies and statutory authorities created under the particular law of the state.
It is the primary duty of the municipal council to remove filth, rubbish, noxious odour or any offensive matter and financial inability cannot be a plea.
Mumbai Kamgar Sabha v Abdulbhai
Fundamental duties cannot be enforced by writs- they can be promoted only through constitutional methods – can be used for interpreting ambiguous statutes.
Sachinand pandey v. State of WB
Group of citizens challenged the location of a hotel on the ground that the construction would interfere with the flight path of migratory birds. The question raised is whether the government of WB has shown such lack of awareness of the problem of the environment in making allotment of land.
Whenever a problem of ecology is brought before the court, the court is bound to bear in mind Article 48 and Article 51 A(g). When the court is called upon to give effect to DP and fundamental duties, the court may examine whether appropriate considerations are borne in mind and irrelevancies are excluded.
Right to Life and Right to live in a Healthy Environment
RELK v. State of UP
The case arose from haphazard and dangerous limestone quarrying practices in the Mussoorie hill range of Himalayas. Miners blasted out the hills with dynamite, extracting limestone from thousands of acres. Landslides killed villagers and destroyed their homes, cattle and agricultural lands.
The court prohibited blasting operations pending a review to determine if the mines were being operated in compliance with safety standards. Court-appointed an expert committee to assess the mines.
Most dangerous mines and those falling within the Mussorie city board limits be denied leases and their operations cease immediately.
Damador Rao v. S.O, Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad
The people living in a residential area challenged the attempt to convert open space in their vicinity into another residential complex.
The court noted that the owners of the area concerned can only use their property with the law and in conformity with the provisions of the developmental plan.
Protection of the environment is not only the duty of the citizen but it is also the obligation of the state and all other organs including the court. Enjoyment of life and its attainment and fulfilment guaranteed by Article 21 embraces the protection and preservation of nature's gifts.
Slow poisoning by the polluted atmosphere caused by environmental pollution should also be regarded as amounting to a violation of Article 21. It, therefore, becomes the legitimate duty of the courts as the enforcing organs of constitutional objectives to forbid all action of the state and citizen from upsetting the environmental balance.
Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar
Subhash Kumar wanted to carry away slurry from the Tata Iron & Steel Company's ponds. Kumar tried various means to pressure the company into giving him business. When the company refused, he filed a PIL under Article 32 claiming that the slurry discharged was polluting the river and was a serious health risk.
Court stated that personal interest cannot be enforced through the process of this court under Article 32 of the constitution.
A person invoking the jurisdiction of court under Article 32 must approach this court for vindication of fundamental rights of the affected persons and not for vindication of personal rights. Right to life includes the right to enjoy unpolluted air and water.
Right to Livelihood
Pradeep Kishan v. Union of India
Petitioner is an environmentalist – filed a petition under Article 32- challenging legality and constitutionality of an order which permitted collection of tendu leaves from sanctuaries and NP's by villagers living around the boundaries – object of maintenance of traditional rights.
Petitioner contends that this is ultra vires to the provisions of Wildlife Protection Act. Petition denied
C. Mehta v. Union of India – 1996
M.C. Mehta asked the SC to enforce a plan for Delhi which contemplated shifting of hazardous industries away from the city. Environmental pollution in Delhi – relocation of 168 industries in Delhi – compensation package for workers
Article 19(1)(a) – close link to article 21- people have a right to know with reference to a policy decision that impacts environment and health.
Bombay Environment Action Group v. Pune Cantonment
Petitioners wanted that they should be granted either inspection or copies of applications made for building permissions, plans accompanying such applications and official proceedings relating to permissions including renewals. The concept of an open government is the direct emanation from the right to know which seems to be implicit in the right of free speech and expression guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a).
Research Foundation for Science Technology v. UOI (2005-sc)
Right to information and community participation important with respect to matters relating to environmental pollution.
Right to know – since people are most affected by it and right to know is a precursor to right to information.
Right to practice any profession
Art. 91(1)(g) – right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business – Art. 19(1)(6) – reasonable restriction can be imposed by the State in the interest of the general public
Abhilash Textile v. Rajkot Municipal Corporation
The petitioners are discharging dirty water from the factory on public road/ public drainage without purifying the same, thereby causing damage to public health. The petitioners contended that they are carrying on the business since last about 20 to 25 years and the industry is providing employment to a lot of families.
The contention that the petitioners are carrying out the business since past 20-25 years has no merit. Business activity that results in general public health hazard cannot be carried out. It is not an absolute right.
C. Mehta v. Union of India (1988-SC)
PIL filed for restraining the respondents from letting out the trade effluents into the Ganga river till they put up necessary treatment plants for treating the trade effluents. If the tannery does not set up a primary treatment plant, it will have to stop its business.
Tort Law and Remedies – Environment Law Notes
You can grab notes for other law subjects from here.
TORT LAW AND REMEDIES
A plaintiff in tort law/action may sue for damages or an injunction, or both.
Damages are the pecuniary compensation payable to the commission of a tort. Damages may be:
Substantial damages are awarded to compensate the plaintiff for the wrong suffered. The purpose of such damages is restitution. i.e. restore the plaintiff to the position he or she would have been in if the tort has not been committed
Exemplary damages are intended to punish the defendant for the outrageous nature of his/her conduct. Damage is irreversible damage. – punish the person for committing the tort
An injunction is a judicial process where a person who has infringed or is about to infringe the rights of another, is restrained from pursuing such acts. It may require a party to do a particular thing or to not do. Injunctions are of two types:
A nuisance means anything that annoys, hurts or offends; but for an interference to be an actionable nuisance, the conduct of the defendant must be unreasonable and must exist for a reasonable period of time.
A public nuisance interferes with the quality of life of a class of persons who come within its neighbourhood. It is both a tort and crime.
A private nuisance is a substantial and unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment of land. An action for private nuisance may seek injunctive relief as well as damages.
Private Nuisance Cases
J.C. Galstaun v. Dunia Lal seal
Plaintiff has a garden house and the defendant has a shellac factory situated 200 or 300 yards to the north-west of it.
The defendant discharges the refuse liquid of his manufactory into a municipal drain that passes along the north of plaintiff's garden. This has damaged him in health, comfort and the market value of his garden property. The liquid is foul smelling.
Held: Plaintiff is entitled to restrain the defendant from discharging the refuse liquid of his factory into Municipal Drain. Injunction and substantial damages awarded.
B. Venkatappa v. B. Lovis
Mandatory Injunction directing the defendant directing the defendant to close the holes in a chimney facing the plaintiff's property.
The smokes and fumes that materially interfered with ordinary comfort were enough to constitute an actionable nuisance.
Three important points from this case:
Actual injury to health need not be proved
Existence of other sources of discomfort in the neighbourhood was no defence
Court rejected the defence that plaintiff came to the nuisance
The fact that nuisance existed long before the complainant occupied his premises, does not relieve the offender.
Kuldip Singh v. Subhash Chandra Jain
The plaintiff feared that the baking oven and 12-foot chimney built by his neighbour would cause a nuisance when the bakery commenced.
The Supreme Court drew a distinction between an existing nuisance and future nuisance.
In case of a future nuisance, a mere possibility of injury will not provide the plaintiff with a cause of action unless the threat is so certain or imminent that an injury actionable in law will arise unless prevented by an injunction.
Actionable Nuisance
Ram Baj Singh (Dr.) v. Babulal
Doctor complained (plaintiff) – the brick grinding machine was generating dust which polluted the atmosphere and entered the consulting chamber of the plaintiff. – caused physical inconvenience to him and his patients.
The test which has always been used is the test of ascertaining the reaction of a reasonable person according to the ordinary usage of mankind living in a particular society in respect of the thing complained of.
Special Damage & Substantial Injury: Doctor complained asking for both of these
Special Damage is used to indicate damage caused to a party in contra-distinction to damage caused to the public at large.
However, a single act may amount to a public nuisance and also give rise to a cause of action to an individual to sue on basis of public nuisance.
In assessing the nature of the substantial injury, the test to be applied is again the appraisement made of the injury by a reasonable person belonging to the society.
A public nuisance may be broadly defined as an unreasonable interference with a general right of the public. It is not tied to interference with enjoyment and use of the property.
Section 268 of IPC – a person is guilty of public nuisance that does any act or is guilty of an illegal omission which causes any injury, danger or annoyance to the public.
A common nuisance is not excused on the ground that it causes some convenience or advantage.
Section 133 of CRPC provides an independent, speedy and summary remedy against a public nuisance. Section empowers a magistrate to pass a conditional order for removal of public nuisance within a fixed period of time.
Deshi Sugar Mills v. Tupsi Kahar
The sub-divisional magistrate ordered that the two sugar mills in the locality should discontinue draining dirty and toxic water into the river. On Appeal, Patna HC held categorically that under the law, the magistrate had the power to proceed against discharge of effluents.
However, it could not be decided merely because a number of persons thought that stagnation and impurity of water was due to sugar mills. The decision was specific to the point that section 133 can be used for preventing public nuisance. However, the discretion is on the magistrate to decide what type or quantum of evidence should support the decision, is left to the magistrate. The discretion has to based on sufficient evidence.
Raghunandan v. Emperor
The Allahabad HC upheld the order of a magistrate forbidding a factory owner from operating his factory engines from 9 pm to 5 am on the ground that it was 'injurious to the physical comfort of the community'.
The nuisance of such a nature would undoubtedly affect those living in the neighbourhood of the factory.
Shaukat Hussain v. Sheodayal
The court tried to limit the application of provision only to actual nuisance and not to entitle it to the case of potential nuisance.
SECTION 133 Code of Criminal Procedure
Municipal council, Ratlam v. Vardichand
Sub-divisional magistrate was moved to take action under s. 133 CRPC to abate the nuisance by ordering the municipality to construct drain pipes with the flow of water to stop the stench. The municipality cannot extricate itself from the responsibility. The plea that notwithstanding the public nuisance financial inability validly exonerates it from statutory liability has no judicial basis.
Magistrate's responsibility under s. 133 CRPC is to order the removal of such nuisance at a time to be fixed in the order. Failure to comply with the direction will be visited with a punishment contemplated by sec. 188 IPC.
Krishna Gopal v. State of MP
A complaint against noise and air pollution from a glucose saline manufacturing company installed in a residential locality. A lady resident complained about constantly being disturbed in sleep. The magistrate acted quickly and ordered it to close it down. Sessions court – instead of removal of the whole factory, the only boiler needs to be removed.
HC- preferred the standby magistrate and ordered closure of factory
Issue- whether an order of public nuisance can be made by a single person?
It is not the intent of the law that community as a whole or large should come forward to lodge their complaint. A mere reading of Section 133 would show that jurisdiction of sub-divisional magistrate can be invoked on receiving a report of a police officer or other information and on taking such evidence if any, as he thinks fit. It can be made by a single person.
Himmat Singh v. Bhagwana
Working with fodder cutting machines caused noise and smell. Sand laden winds carried particles of fodder to a residential colony. Rajasthan HC- all of these constituted public nuisance justifying the interference of district magistrate.
Do specific Legislations repeal Sec. 133 CRPC?
Kerela HC and MP HC held that Water and Air Acts are later special enactments which are presumed to have repealed the prohibitions of a public nuisance under CRPC. ( implied repeal)
Cases: Tata Tea Ltd v. State of Kerela , Abdul Hamid v. Gwalior Rayon Silk Manu. Co.
Abdul case: Discharge of pollutants into the river had caused the death of children and animals. The executive magistrate abstained from taking action under sec. 133 of CRPC pointing out to remedies under Water and Air Acts, limiting the law of public nuisance by the application of the doctrine of implied repeal.
However, Division Bench Kerela HC overruled the decision of Tata Tea of implied repeal – M. Krishna Panicker v. Appukuttam Nair – the water act did not repeal the law of public nuisance under CRPC. Zrepeal is a legislative exercise, Tata tea's assumption of implied repeal could not be agreed upon.
State of MP v. Kedia Leather & Liquor Ltd.
The sub-divisional magistrate directed the respondents to close their industries on the ground that discharge of effluents to the nearby stream caused danger to the health of villagers thereby resulting in public nuisance.
Implied repeal can be found only when the provisions of the later act are inconsistent with or repugnant to the provision of an earlier act so that the two cannot stand together. Section 133 does not deal with future/ potential nuisance – only with Actual. Section 133 coexists with water and Air act.
A common law action for negligence may be brought to prevent environmental pollution.
The plaintiff must show that:
The defendant was under the duty to take reasonable care to avoid damage complained of
There was a breach of duty
Breach of duty caused damage
An act of negligence may also constitute a nuisance if it unlawfully interferes with the enjoyment of another right in the land.
The causal connection between the negligent act and the plaintiff's injury is often the most problematic link in pollution cases.
The causal link is more tenuous when the effect of the injury remains latent over a long period of time.
Naresh Dutt Tyagi v. State of UP
Chemical pesticides stored in a go-down in residential area – Death of 3 children and foetus in mother's womb – clear case of negligence
Strict and Absolute Liability
Rylands v. Fletcher
A person is strictly liable when he brings or accumulates anything on his land, something likely to cause harm if it escapes, and damage arises as a natural consequence of its escape. Strict Liability is subject to a number of exceptions:
Act of God
Plaintiff's consent
Act of third party
Absolute Liability
Where an enterprise is engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous activity and harm results to anyone on account of an accident in the operation of such hazardous or inherently dangerous activity resulting for example, in the escape of toxic gas, the enterprise is strictly and absolutely liable to compensate all those are affected by the accident and such liability is not subject to any exceptions.
Prescriptive Right to commit Nuisance
Prescriptive right to commit (private) nuisance may be acquired if a person has continued with an activity on the land of another person for 20 years or more.
Khurshid Hussain v. Secretary of state – Nature of Easement
Environment Law Notes
Constitutional Remedies
Principles of Indian Environment Law


Could relaxation techniques help prevent or relieve my tension headaches?
I suffer from awful tension headaches. Could mind-body techniques help to prevent or relieve them?
Tension headaches are the most common type of headache. Many people describe the sensation as a dull tightness or pressure that feels like a band wrapped tightly around the head.
Unlike migraine headaches, a tension headache is steady: It doesn't throb. Also, it typically starts by hurting around the entire head. In contrast, migraine headaches tend to start on just one side of the head, often near the temple or eye. Mind-body therapies can help with tension headaches.
Tension headaches are probably the result of abnormal pain sensors in the tissues of the scalp. These sensors appear to be more sensitive, and more likely to send pain signals to the brain. Also, in people with repeated tension headaches, the pain-sensing parts of the brain also seem to become more sensitive to pain signals. Why all this happens is uncertain.
Mind-body therapies include meditation, relaxation techniques, yoga, hypnosis, stress management and biofeedback. These therapies lower stress, which is a widely accepted trigger of headaches. They also promote healthier lifestyle habits, such as getting adequate sleep, which can help to keep headaches at bay.
Deep diaphragmatic breathing. This involves breathing so that your abdomen (rather than your chest) expands with each breath.
Meditation. You learn to turn your attention inward rather than being distracted by outside events.
Visualization. You imagine a peaceful scene that relaxes you.
BIOFEEDBACK: With biofeedback you use a machine to monitor specific body functions. The machine translates these readings into a blinking light, a beeping sound or some other signal. You can gauge how your body is reacting by observing these signals. You then learn relaxation exercises and thought patterns to change and control those reactions.
Say, for example, that tension in your shoulder or neck muscles causes or worsens your tension headaches. You will learn to recognize tense muscles and effectively relax them.
Surface electromyography measures electrical activity in a muscle through small metal plates that are placed on the skin.
Thermal biofeedback measures finger temperature.
Biofeedback should be done only with the help of a skilled professional. Ask your doctor for a referral.


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PRES. AQUINO LEADS COMMEMORATION OF DR. JOSE RIZAL'S 119TH MARTYRDOM
MANILA –- For the last time during his term, Pres. Benigno Aquino III on Wednesday led the nation in commemorating the 119th death anniversary and martyrdom of the country's national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.
Upon his arrival at 8 a.m. at the Rizal Park in Manila, the President received military honors and later joined by Vice President Jejomar Binay, Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and other government officials in raising the national flag.
After the flag-raising rite, the two newly acquired supersonic FA-50 lead-in fighter jets of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) conducted a high-speed pass.
Pres. Aquino also led the wreath-laying ceremony at the monument of Dr. Jose Rizal, his last before stepping down as country's 15th President in June 30 next year.
After the ceremonies, the President joined the public in watching a five-minute fly-by of the PAF's air assets that include 15 Marchetti SF 260 light military trainers, 10 Cessna T-41 Mescalero pilot training aircraft, eight Agusta Westland AW-109E attack helicopters and three Bell 412 utility helicopters.
The PAF's new supersonic FA-50 fighter jets conducted another high-speed pass while the President was greeting the audience.
In his Rizal Day message, Pres. Aquino called on the Filipino people to become heroes in their own way and reaffirm their commitment to the righteous path agenda that he champions for the common good.
"May we all be inspired by Dr. Jose Rizal's courage and intelligence, his sense of duty, hunger for knowledge, passion for reform, and undying love of country," the President said in his message released on Tuesday.
"Let us all be heroes in our own way, and reaffirm our commitment to the Daang Matuwid. Only by traversing this road towards fairness and progress can we translate our dreams into tangible realities for our people," he added.
Pres. Aquino reminded the people about Rizal's hard work and his sacrifices that contributed to the building of the nation and the kind of country that it is today.
He said the country celebrates Rizal Day every year to reflect on Rizal's sacrifice to free the Philippines from the shackles of abuse and inequality during the colonial years under Spain.
He said that through Rizal's writings and deeds, the country's forefathers became a braver, more united citizenry, "both capable and determined to win the liberties we now enjoy".
"Dr. Jose Rizal worked hard to pursue our independence, serving as a catalyst for change; his works remain relevant to this day, a reminder of a past when freedom seemed beyond our reach," the President said.
"Let us remember him on this occasion, along with other heroes who shared their strength and vision to make the Philippines the nation it is today," he added.
December 30 has been declared by the government as a regular holiday throughout the country in observance of Rizal Day. Jelly F. Musico/PNA/northboundasia.com


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            return $deferred.promise();
        }

        function editContentTypes() {
            _getAvailableContentTypes.call(this)
                .then(_askUserWhichContentTypesToAttach.bind(this))
                .then(_attachContentTypesToNode.bind(this));
        }

        function deleteNode() {
            _warnUserBeforeDeleting.call(this)
                .done(_actuallyDeleteNode.bind(this, true));
        }

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

        function _askUserForNewNodeName() {
            return this.displayModal(
                {
                    header : resources.node.editName,
                    type : 'input',
                    data : this.model.get('label')
                });
        }

        function _saveThisNode() {
            var $deferred = new $.Deferred();

            this.model.save()
                .done(_handleSuccessfulNodeSave.bind(this, $deferred))
                .fail(_handleFailedNodeSave.bind(this, $deferred));

            return $deferred.promise();
        }

        function _handleSuccessfulNodeSave($deferred) {
            this.displayTemporaryAlertBox(
                {
                    header : resources.success,
                    style : 'success',
                    msg : resources.node.successfullyUpdated
                }
            );
            $deferred.resolve();
        }

        function _handleFailedNodeSave($deferred) {
            this.fireErrorModal(resources.node.errorUpdated);
            $deferred.reject();
        }

        function _getAvailableContentTypes() {
            return contentTypeWorker.getAvailableContentTypes(this.model.get('allowedTypes'));
        }

        function _askUserWhichContentTypesToAttach(availableContentTypes) {
            return this.displayModal(
                {
                    header : resources.contentType.editContentTypes,
                    type : 'checkbox',
                    withSearch : true,
                    data : availableContentTypes
                });
        }

        function _attachContentTypesToNode(modalData) {
            var selectedContentTypes = _.where(modalData.data, {checked: true}),
                contentTypeToPost = _.map(selectedContentTypes, function(type) {
                    return _.pick(type, 'label', 'helpText', '_id');
                });

            this.model.set('allowedTypes', contentTypeToPost);

            this.model.save()
                .done(_handleSuccessfulContentTypeAddition.bind(this))
                .fail(_handleFailedContentTypeAddition.bind(this));
        }

        function _handleSuccessfulContentTypeAddition() {
            this.displayTemporaryAlertBox(
                {
                    header : resources.success,
                    style : 'success',
                    msg : resources.contentType.contentTypeAdded
                }
            );
        }

        function _handleFailedContentTypeAddition(msg) {
            this.fireErrorModal(msg);
        }

        function _warnUserBeforeDeleting() {
            return this.displayModal(
                {
                    header : resources.warning,
                    msg : resources.node.deletionWarning
                });
        }

        function _actuallyDeleteNode() {
            var self = this;

            this.model.fetch()
                .then(function() {
                    self.model.destroy()
                        .done(_handleSuccessfulNodeDeletion.bind(self))
                        .fail(_handleFailedNodeDeletion.bind(self));
                });
        }

        function _handleSuccessfulNodeDeletion() {
            _redirectToParent.call(this);

            this.displayTemporaryAlertBox(
                {
                    header : resources.success,
                    style : 'success',
                    msg : resources.node.successfullyDeleted.replace(':item', this.model.get('label'))
                }
            );
        }

        function _handleFailedNodeDeletion() {
            this.fireErrorModal(resources.node.errorDeleted + this.model.get('label'));
        }

        function _redirectToParent() {
            var parent = this.model.get('parent');

            if(parent && parent._id) {
                this.app.router.navigateTrigger(constants.internalRoutes.nodeDetail.replace(':id', parent._id));
            } else {
                this.app.router.navigateTrigger(constants.internalRoutes.content);
            }

        }
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: return 0 if two values are zero I have the following code:
 <?php
    $pickuptime = date("H",strtotime($_COOKIE['stm_calc_pickup_date_1'] ));
    if($pickuptime > 9 && $pickuptime < 20 ) {
        $nonworking_pick = 0;
    } else {
        $nonworking_pick = 10;
    }
    $returntime = date("H",strtotime($_COOKIE['stm_calc_return_date_1'] ));

    if($returntime > 9 && $returntime < 20 ) {
        $nonworking_return = 0;
    } else {
        $nonworking_return = 10;
    }

    $total_non_working = $nonworking_return +  $nonworking_pick;
       ;
?>

It says if the pick up time is from 9 to 20 then give 0 else 10, same for return but I also need to add the consideration that if the pick up time and the return time are not selected to give 0 also.

A: Try something like:
if(!$pickuptime && !$returntime){ $nonworking_pick = 0; }

The ! means "not." So, "if not $pickuptime and not $returntime."
"Not" means "not true." The variables will be "not true" if they are blank or zero.
UPDATE:
You may need to use something other than !, if your "not selected" value is something other than blank or zero.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Conservative Daily > Blog > Immigration > Breaking: GOP Cowards Promise to Overturn Trump Border Emergency Order!
Breaking: GOP Cowards Promise to Overturn Trump Border Emergency Order!
By Max McGuire/ 02/15/2019/ Immigration, McConnell, Today's Action Alerts
Breaking News: Pres. Trump just declared the national emergency to build the border wall, and GOP cowards are already mobilizing to stop him!
The immigration bill that Republicans and Democrats negotiated is horrible. This is what happens when both political parties want open borders…
President Trump is absolutely disgusted over this. That is why today, he declared a national emergency to get more funding to secure the southern border.
"We don't control our own border," Trump announced. "We're going to confront the national security crisis on our southern border and we're going to do it, one way or the other… we have to do it."
The declaration allows President Trump to move around enough funding to construct hundreds of miles of new border barriers, as opposed to the 55 miles that Congress just approved.
What President Trump is doing is legal. In 1976, Congress passed the National Emergencies Act. The President of the United States has the authority to declare national emergencies and then redirect appropriations in order to fund important projects.
The Obama administration was no stranger to this process. Obama moved around billions in funding to achieve his policy aims. For example, Obama gave the UN a billion for their climate change treaty, even though Congress had never ratified it. Obama also used a discretionary slush fund to send 1.7 billion in hard currency to the Islamic Republic of Iran.
This is totally within Trump's power.
Republicans in Congress, however, are promising to join the Democrats and block the order!
You must help President Trump fight back and secure the border! Send your emergency FaxBlast to Congress right now and STOP them from blocking President Trump from building the border wall on his own!
While the National Emergencies Act of 1976 gives the President these powers, the legislation also allows Congress to overrule the ruling with just a simple majority.
With Democrats in control of the House, that means it takes just FOUR Republican turncoats in order for the Resolution of Disapproval to pass.
That's it. If just four Republicans vote against Trump's order, they can start blocking it. Right now, there are at least four Republican Senators on the record saying they oppose Trump's order: Rand Paul (KY), Susan Collins (ME), Marco Rubio (FL), and Lisa Murkowski (AK). Others like Mitt Romney (UT) have also signaled they would vote against the President.
Even Mitch McConnell warned the President that he would not stop the GOP from overruling the emergency declaration.
For the first time in my lifetime, we have a President willing to do everything in his power to secure the Southern Border. The problem is that Republicans and Democrats are uniting to block him!
Republicans and Democrats are so dedicated to open borders, that they are now moving to stop the President from securing the border.
And they have the votes to do it…
This now is our last chance to secure the border. The GOP tried to block the wall in this latest Homeland Security funding bill. They tried to limit new barrier construction to just 55 miles. Trump says that is not good enough, and he is absolutely right.
President Trump needs your help. You MUST stop Congress from pulling the rug out from under President Trump and blocking his border emergency declaration!
Now or never,


The Farm Park and visitor attraction industries have seen huge growth in recent years and now owners and managers are having to realise that offering tractor rides and animal handling are the bare minimum in visitor expectation. Interactive displays, talks, demonstrations, video footage, audio technology, web-based apps and quality signage offering educational and fun content is now all relevant to the visitor experience. And that is before sites are cross-contamination compliant and safe for the public to use!
Alastair Blant and his team offer a range of services, from site and cross-contamination surveys, design and print of fun and educational signage, site people-flow management, website design, team training, video and demonstration and display script writing.


Modern and eye catching in design these asymmetrical earrings take inspiration from a Camellia tree in spring. Made from a cast tree twig in Sterling Silver they feature a pop of colour with green resin filled leaves against an oxidised and polished finish.
As each item is handmade no two pieces are ever exactly the same.


A Music & Yoga Immersion with Sufi singer Tahir Qawwal is coming up December 5-9, 2018. This is all happening in UBUD, Indonesia at the Wu Wei Wisdom Sanctuary.
Immerse in the mystical beauty of sufi devotional music with renowned International teacher & performer Tahir Qawwal. An opportunity to find freedom in your voice through the eastern system of Raga music, and open yourself fully to the Divine in body & spirit.
Tahir Qawwal is the leader of Sufi ensemble Fanna-fi-Allah, who perform qawwali music all over the world. Over the last 25 years he has learnt from true maters of traditional music in India & Pakistan. He has a deep passion for Sufism & is a gifted teacher who brings lightness, humour and depth in his teachings.
Bhairavi Devi has been Tahir's main student of music (& beloved) for the last 8 years. She artfully offers the delicateness of the feminine voice in their performances together as Sufi Soul Sangeet. A teacher of Yoga and embodiment, she will lead breathwork, somatic movement, and yoga sessions throughout the immersion (active and restorative) to support the singing practice.
REGISTER HERE for 5 days of singing classes, yoga, mystical meditations, sufi discussions & a concert of devotional music.


text:
Home Anti-IRGC Acts Iranian Resistance MEK Iran protests: 30th September to 7th October
Anti-IRGC Acts
Iranian Resistance
MEK Iran protests: 30th September to 7th October
The MEK times and again stated that the mullahs' regime is refusing to listen to the people of Iran who are struggling in many ways and it is right to worry about further dissent.
There have been numerous protests in Iran in recent weeks. The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI / MEK Iran) has said that several social classes have been participating in the protests but that the driving force is once again because of economic issues.
Most of the major protests and uprisings that have taken place in Iran over the past few years have all been sparked off because of economic grievances, but it is immediately evident that it is not the only grievance. The people are utterly exasperated with the leadership of the country and they are desperate to see the regime collapse.
Oct. 11- Ahvaz, SW #Iran
Nurses gathered outside the Ahvaz Medical Sciences University to express their economic woes. They say their wages and benefits have decreased.
Medical workers are on the front lines of the life-threatening fight against #COVID19. #IranProtests pic.twitter.com/RU0wDpRpBm
— Iran News Wire (@IranNW) October 11, 2020
Prices are rising all the time in Iran, and more and more people are struggling to afford even the most basic of goods such as bread and rice. The latest reports indicate that in the city of Tabriz, the price of bread has increased between 30 and 50 percent. Many bakeries have had to shut because they cannot access flour at an affordable price. As a result, protests have broken out in the city.
Railway workers went on strike at the beginning of the month in the province of Lorestan because of their withheld wages – something that many workers across the country have been experiencing.
#Iran: 358 Protests in September https://t.co/avi7pjuUQF via @Iran_Focus #IranProtests
— Iran Focus (@Iran_Focus) October 10, 2020
In the city of Izeh in the province of Khuzestan, kindergarten teachers rallied in front of the office of the General Directorate of Education to urge authorities to change their status from contract teachers to permanent employees.
And on the same day, medical workers gathered for the second day in front of the parliament building calling for a change to the status of their jobs and an increase in pay.
Farmers gathered in front of trade union offices, protesting against the regime's planned price increases of agricultural products. These price rises are significant and will result in farmers losing significant income, especially because of the government's set purchase prices of their products.
The internal network of the #MEK has called for a national day of commemoration on November 15th, the day the protests began across #Iran last year and those who were killed and arrested during the protests.#FreeIran2020 https://t.co/B8iqZclKH2 pic.twitter.com/FzNnKpxqKx
— MEK Iran (Mujahedin-e Khalq) (@MEK_Iran) October 11, 2020
Workers of a sports facility in Zanjan also protested because of the wages that have been withheld for around six months.
The people of Iran are at the end of their tether. Instead of their situation improving, the people of Iran are faced with more and more hardships as time goes on. The regime knows that the people are at the end of their tether and it is very aware that another round of protests could easily turn into a major uprising that could push the regime one step closer to collapse.
Mourners for Iran's iconic singer Mohammad Reza Shajarian at Tehran's Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery line up for ritual prayers but face police in battle gear. This image gives you a sense of how badly Khamenei fears any gathering turning into #IranProtests against his regime #FreeIran pic.twitter.com/trShia3A2r
— M. Hanif Jazayeri (@HanifJazayeri) October 9, 2020
The state-run media outlets are reporting on the restlessness of society and are warning that another uprising is imminent. The Ebtekar publication wrote back in August that protests in Iran have "turned to struggle for survival" and that "when the movement of starving people begins, it could not be considered civil obedience".
It very explicitly warned the regime that the situation needs to change dramatically and profoundly, otherwise "fire will be ignited" – one that would destroy the regime.
Mrs. Maryam Rajavi the President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran's (NCRI): This regime is facing the anger and discontent of the vast majority of the people of Iran. You can hear families of thousands of those killed in recent protests, calling on Europe and the world to stand by them.
This regime is facing the anger and discontent of the vast majority of the people of #Iran. You can hear families of thousands of those killed in recent protests, calling on Europe and the world to stand by them. #IranProtestshttps://t.co/NhFzlKGcTO pic.twitter.com/5cG3mKHTr1
— Maryam Rajavi (@Maryam_Rajavi) October 7, 2020
MEK Iran (follow them on Twitter and Facebook)
and People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran – MEK IRAN – YouTube
Iran human rights
iran protests
National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI)
PMOI
Conference for International Women's Day Recognizes Iranian Women at the Forefront of Unrest
Resistance Units Broadcasted Anti-Regime Chants in Iran's Two Major Cities
Iran: Resistance Units, MEK Supporters Express Solidarity With Isfahan Uprising
Tweets by SFundamentalism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLZxV8zlI0GxfO4-ciEjgvudxMIEEAmKc8&v=kn66OsXKPWc


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text:
Images | July 11, 2019
NASA Map Shows Ground Movement from California Quakes
The Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, created this map of the Ridgecrest area of Southern California following two strong earthquakes — a magnitude 6.4 on July 4 and a magnitude 7.1 on July 5, 2019. The map shows how much and in what direction the ground moved in various places, displayed in meters.
The blue tones show that the ground west of the main fault rupture, which runs from the lower right to the upper left, moved toward the northwest by as much as 0.8 meters (2.7 feet) during the 7.1-magnitude quake. The ground in the red and pink areas moved southeast by as much as 0.6 meters (2 feet). Black lines show faults that were mapped before the 2019 earthquakes.
The 6.4-magnitude quake moved a shorter fault that runs perpendicular to the main fault — shown slightly down and to the left of center on the map. The colors in this area show that the north side of the fault moved to the west (blue) and the south side moved to the east (pink). The green circles correspond to aftershocks of a magnitude of 3.0 or higher, which were detected along both faults, between July 4 and July 9. The larger the circle, the stronger the aftershock.
The ARIA team used interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of data from the ALOS-2 satellite, operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to create the map. They used images captured before the quakes (on April 16, 2018) and after the quakes (on July 8, 2019) for this analysis.
State and federal scientists including California Geological Survey and USGS are using this map and others like it in the field for assessing the damages and mapping the faults that broke during the two major earthquakes as well as the thousands of aftershocks.
NASA's Earth Science Disasters Program is in communication with the California Earthquake Clearinghouse, which is coordinating response efforts with the California Air National Guard, the U.S. Geological Service and the Federal Emergency Management Agency. NASA analysts are using data from satellites to produce visualizations of land deformation and potential landslides, among other earthquake impacts, and are making them available to response agencies. NASA's Disasters Program promotes the use of satellite observations in predicting, preparing for, responding to and recovering from disasters around the world.
The JAXA provided the ALOS-2 data for the production of the map. The background map is from the OpenStreetMap consortium. The ARIA team's analysis was funded by NASA's Disasters and Earth Surface and Interior Programs.
For more information about ARIA, visit http://aria.jpl.nasa.gov.
For more information about NASA's Disasters Program, visit http://disasters.nasa.gov.
Mission: Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA)
Target: Earth
Spacecraft: ALOS-2
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASAs ARIA team produced this map of earthquake damage in Southern California from the recent temblors in July, 2019.
NASAs AIRS instrument imaged Tropical Storm Barry on the afternoon of July 12, 2019, a day before the storm is expected to make landfall on the Louisiana Coast.
This image shows preliminary solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) measurements from OCO-3 over western Asia.
OCO-3's First Solar-Induced Fluorescence Measurements


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text:
Cancer patients have more time to sue for malpractice under law
ALBANY — After years of debate, Lavern's Law is now state law.
Gov. Cuomo signed a bill Wednesday that allows cancer victims to sue for malpractice within a 2 1/2-year window that opens when the patient discovers the error.
Under the old law, the clock for people to sue started when the medical error occurred.
The law — championed by the Daily News the past several years — is named for Lavern Wilkinson, a 41-year-old Brooklyn mom who died in 2013 of a curable form of lung cancer after doctors at Kings County Hospital misdiagnosed her.
Cuomo, N.Y. officials reach deal on Lavern's Law
By the time Wilkinson found out she had been misdiagnosed, her window to file a lawsuit had already expired, leaving her with terminal cancer and no recourse.
She left behind a then-15-year-old autistic and developmentally disabled child, Micalia, who needs round-the-clock care.
Wilkinson left behind a then-15-year-old autistic and developmentally disabled child, Micalia, who needs round-the-clock care.
(Debbie Egan-Chin/New York Daily News)
"No one should have to go through what Lavern Wilkinson and her family experienced and I'm proud to sign this legislation that rights this wrong in the law and provides new protections and peace of mind to New Yorkers seeking care," Cuomo said.
New York was just one of six states without a "date of discovery" law.
Give Lavern her law
The new law is not as expansive as the one first one supporters sought. That legislation would have covered all medical malpractice cases, not just those involving cancer.
The Legislature passed the bill in June, but Cuomo only agreed over the weekend to sign it after a deal was struck with the Legislature to make some amendments.
Under the amended version, people whose statute of limitations ran out in the last 10 months will get a six-month window to sue. The bill the Legislature passed offered a window for cases going back seven years.
The changes also make it more clear that the law apply only to cancer, not other illnesses.
Pared-down Lavern's Law passes in Albany
Even with the changes, the state medical society, which represents doctors, argued earlier this week it is a one-sided law "that will drive up already exorbitant liability premiums, increase defensive Medicine costs and discourage doctors from practicing in New York."
The American College American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists' District II branch in New York also opposed the law as it's written.
(Hans Pennink/AP)
"As champions of women's health care, ob-gyns agree that a missed cancer diagnosis is extremely troubling, and yet ob-gyns across the state are feeling a heavy weight added to their shoulders today," said spokesman Dr. Iffath Abbasi Hoskins. "Passage of this legislation, without comprehensive reform to weed out frivolous lawsuits and remedy our state's hostile liability climate, jeopardizes our ability to continue to care for our patients.
But state trial lawyers backed the bill.
Cancer patient urges legislature to act on Lavern's Law
"This important accomplishment could not have happened without Gov. Cuomo, Senate Majority Leader (John) Flanagan, Speaker (Carl) Heastie and the tireless advocacy of the Daily News and the courageous patients and their families who spoke out year after year," said Matt Funk, president of the New York State Trial Lawyers Association. "Thanks to all of their efforts, victims like Lavern will finally have their day in court."
Trump claims he only wants to hear foreign dirt so he can 'tell if it's wrong'
Germophobe Trump boots Mick Mulvaney for coughing over his answer about 'fantastic' tax returns
Ocasio-Cortez claps back at Trump with 'You're from Queens' impeachment jibe
Trump says he won't fire Kellyanne Conway for improperly slamming his rivals
Trump says 'warrior' Sarah Huckabee Sanders will leave White House this month, calls on her to run for governor Arkansas
Trouble in Trump's spin zone: Sarah Huckabee Sanders resigns, federal watchdog agency requests Kellyanne Conway's axing


text:
Q: How can I accept integer input while rejecting floats and spaces? I have a menu creation system with a loop to check input. When the input is something like "2.4" or "2 4" it accepts "2" as the first input, then I guess "4" gets stored in the buffer and automatically passes as the next input without waiting.
These two solutions are the closest I could find, but I can't figure out how to implement the first (don't even understand most of what they're using) and the second still accepts non-int numbers.
Accept only integer to input
How to make cin take only numbers
relevant code (sorry, still trying to figure out formatting):
int menu(std::vector <std::string> options) //menu creation
{
int input;             //user selection
bool check = false;    //check for valid input
.
.
.
  while(!check)
  {
    std::cin >> input;

    if(std::cin.fail() || input <= 0 || input > static_cast<int>(options.size()))
    {
      std::cin.clear();
      std::cin.ignore();
      std::cout << wrongInput << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
      check = true;       //change flag for valid input
    }
  }
return input;
}

I'd like the loop to outright reject anything non-int. I tried having a loop that would check each character sequentially so it would accept multi-digit ints, then fail on a space, "." or character, but it very was clumsy and still didn't work properly.

A: You can read one line, put it into a stringstream and then use std::nows to make sure whitespace is not allowed. To make sure that there are no remaining characters after the integer, just check EOF.
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

int main() {
  std::string line;
  std::stringstream temp;
  std::getline(std::cin, line);
  temp << line;
  int value;
  temp >> std::noskipws >> value;
  if(!temp.fail() && temp.eof()) {
    std::cout << "Parsed a 'pure' int: " << value << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cerr << "Expected <int>" << std::endl;
  }
}

It will allow 123, 598324 but not <space>123 or 123.4