After you create a custom app or extend a standard SAP Fiori app, tile is required for launching the app. Here are screenshots explain the launchpad objects relationship.
Example app is Approve Purchase Order.
The user has roles SAP_MM_BCR_BUYER_X1 (Group) and SAP_MM_TCR_T_X1 (Catalog).
Role names are documented in App catalog of help.sap.com.
The role SAP_MM_BCR_BUYER_X1 has Menu object Group: SAP_MM_BCG_BUYER_X1.
The catalog has the tile Approve Purchase Order. When the tile is selected in the launchpad, the app should be launched.
The tile Approve Purchase Order has intent PurchaseOrder-approve.
Intent = Semantic Object + Action.
The intent has Application Alias.
The Application Alias is defined in the transaction LPD_CUST. LPD_CUST role is documented in the step 1.
Application Alias has App URL. URL = /sap/bc/ui5_ui5/sap/mm_po_apv.
The app mm_po_apv has several Java Script and component ID is defined.
← How can I watch a 3D video in regular 2D with VLC?


Description: LULAC: The Magazine for Today's Latino is a magazine published by the League of United Latin American Citizens. The issue is dated March/April 1980 and features Julian Nava, Vernon Jordan, and Hector Guerra on the cover.
Description: A program of a tribute and benefit honoring John J. Herrera held at Gabriel's on October 9, 1986. The front cover of the program has a photograph of John J. Herrera and the title, "Tribute al lic. John J. Herrera for a lifetime in defense of civil rights." The interior of the program lists the information for the event including planned entertainment, refreshments, and reservations.


text:
Into the Blue peut désigner :
 Into the Blue est un film britannique réalisé par Herbert Wilcox en 1950 ;
 Into the Blue est un téléfilm américano-britannique réalisé par Jack Gold en 1997 ;
 Into the Blue est un album de Guy Barker ;
 Into the Blue est une chanson de Kylie Minogue ;
 Into the Blue est le titre original du film américain Bleu d'enfer, réalisé par John Stockwell en 2005 ;
 Into the Blue est une chanson de Moby présente sur l'album Everything is Wrong sorti en 1995 ;
 Into the Blue'', court-métrage croate de 2017.

Homonymie de titre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mobile charging station for 36 devices with integrated system for touchscreen. Mobility in school environments, interaction with digital systems, new technologies, flipped classroom, groupwork sharing.
The innovative TeachBus All-in-One, the world's unique mobile charging device, can be used in multiple applications.
In addition to programmed charging, safe storage and mobility in tablet/notebook environments, an interactive Dabliu Touch 55" touchscreen (not included) is installed on the top of the TeachBus.
The interactive 55 "monitor in horizontal position can be used as an interactive table for sharing groupwork. By activating the electric control, the monitor is brought upright to embark on an engaging presentation/frontal lesson.


text:
Alabama's Contentious Education Bill In Limbo As Courts Review Cases
Published March 8, 2013 at 1:14 PM PST
Dave Martin
Gov. Robert Bentley talks with reporters in his office, one day after Alabama Republicans adopted legislation to provide state tax credits to attend private schools.
A week after a sweeping and controversial education bill was adopted by the Alabama Legislature, the measure is on hold, with a circuit judge and the state's supreme court reviewing separate lawsuits filed over it. Democrats say Republicans broke the rules when they inserted school choice language into a bill that was originally meant to give school districts flexibility in meeting standards.
After the school bill was sent to a committee, it emerged three times as long, leading many to believe the legislation had been written long in advance. Its provisions include tax credits for parents who move their children from struggling schools to other public schools, or to private schools.
As we reported earlier this week, Montgomery County Circuit Judge Charles Price ordered that the bill not be delivered to Gov. Robert Bentley Tuesday, hours before he intended to sign it into law. That resulted from a lawsuit filed by the Alabama Education Association, which accuses Republicans of breaking the state's Open Meetings laws.
In response, Republican legislators appealed to the Alabama Supreme Court. And on Thursday, they requested that the high court expedite its review. Judge Price is due to deliver his final ruling on the case next Friday, March 15.
The bill's passage last week was marked by emotional and angry exchanges in the Legislature. This week, Democratic lawmakers showed their frustration, as Don Dailey, co-host of Alabama Public Television's Capitol Journal, tells WBHM's Andrew Yeager.
The Democrats did that by putting the brakes on the Legislature, Dailey says, "having bills read in their entirety and being a lot more deliberative and slow in the process — things that they say they were denied last Thursday, when the Alabama Accountability Act was quickly amended and passed."
The bill is also being reviewed by the Alabama Department of Education, which this week said it had found nine distinct areas of concern in the measure, from an inconsistent definition of a "failing school" to outdated testing criteria. Several of the agency's points revolve around money, from new transportation costs and federal funding issues to "a yet-to-be-determined negative impact" on the state's Education Trust Fund.
After the bill was substantially revised in committee, State Superintendent Thomas Bice withdrew his support for the measure.
Today, Speaker of the House Mike Hubbard acknowledged that the bill needs to be revised — but he also said he is worried about sending the education act is sent back to the Legislature.
"There are some things obviously that need to be changed," Hubbard tells AL.com. "We just have to make sure that if he does send it over here that the votes are here."
Bentley could make the revisions himself, in the form of executive amendments, AL.com reports, adding that the changes would still require lawmakers' approval.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Owning my own business is not something that I've always dreamed of. As a matter of fact being a business owner has often seemed like more trouble than it was worth. The longer I stayed training clients in a box gym though, the more I felt compelled to start a business that truly was focused on the client. I didn't want just to make a living, I wanted to make a difference.
The problem with industries where people are passionate about what they do is they work for a business whose primary concern is making money. There's nothing wrong with making money, but the focus should be on the needs of the customers who are writing the checks, not how the business can squeeze every dime out of them. Supplements, shirts, tanning and smoothie bars, it's all so the company can shake the member down for more money.
I decided to start my own business because I wanted to bring it back to the basics. Offering outstanding service, with unwavering ethics, focused on the client's needs. I wanted to get away from the money and get back to the people. I believe if we care about people and do what we love the money will take care of itself. I love seeing people bettering themselves, and the fact that I get to make a living helping people do that is a gift.
My goal is to touch as many individuals' lives as we can through fitness and health, to help anyone we come in contact with move up to a better standard of living. We don't get to trade our bodies in for a new one when it's worn out; we have to continue to drive it no matter how dilapidated it is. That's why health and fitness are of the utmost importance.
For more information about Live Life Fit Sacramento, in-person or online training, or any other questions about fitness, health or nutrition, please contact me.
Next Post Sales is NOT a Bad Word!


We are developing smart robotic systems to improve efficiency and yield of farm operations. Our goal is to provide specialty crop growers with a data-driven deployment strategy that makes synergistic use of a networked robotic system working interactively with a human scout.
First, we have developed a lightweight and self-contained multi-spectral 3-D imaging system that has been deployed using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), ground vehicles, and carried by a human scout. Acquired data have been used to train statistical models enabling persistent monitoring of crop yield, morphology, and health.
Second, we are developing the framework and algorithms to deploy multiple UAVs that can collaborate with and be controlled by a single human scout.
Finally, an agricultural decision support system (AgDSS) is being developed to facilitate annotation of field data acquired by our systems, and introspection of learned predictive models. Our technology stack will enable a human scout and a swarm of co-robots to operate in concert over extended periods while accommodating constraints on sensing, navigation speeds, and power consumption.
Deep segmentation on mangoes. Deep segmentation on apples.
Penn Aerial Robotics NSF challenge UAV during one of the scored trials.
Decision support systems are key to data-driven discovery. We have developed an open-source web-based agricultural decision support system for labeling and annotation of fruits, and visual symptoms of biotic stresses. Explore the AgDSS at the following site (requires registration).
See the OpenUAV project for UAV hardware, software, and end-to-end simulation resources.
Xu Liu, Steven W. Chen, Shreyas Aditya, Nivedha Sivakumar, Sandeep Dcunha, Chao Qu, Camillo J. Taylor, Jnaneshwar Das, and Vijay Kumar, "Robust Fruit Counting: Combining Deep Learning, Tracking, and Structure from Motion", accepted in International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) 2018 (PDF).
Daniel Orol, Jnaneshwar Das, Lukas Vacek, Isabella Orr, Mathews Paret, Camillo. J. Taylor, Vijay Kumar, "An aerial phytobiopsy system: Design, evaluation, and lessons learned," 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), Miami, FL, USA, 2017, pp. 188-195. (PDF).
Lukas Vacek, Edward Atter, Pedro Rizo, Brian Nam, Ryan Kortvelesy, Delaney Kaufman, Jnaneshwar Das, Vijay Kumar, "sUAS for deployment and recovery of an environmental sensor probe," 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), Miami, FL, USA, 2017, pp. 1022-1029. (PDF).
Reza Ehsani, Dvoralai Wulfsohn, Jnaneshwar Das, Ines Zamora Lagos, "Yield Estimation: A Low-Hanging Fruit for Application of Small UAS," in ASABE Resource: Engineering & Technology for a Sustainable World, July 2016, pp. 16-18.
Reza Ehsani and Jnaneshwar Das, "Yield estimation in citrus with SUAVs," Citrus Extension Trade Journals, pp. 16-18, 2016.
Systems, Devices, and Methods for Robotic Remote Sensing for Precision Agriculture, V.Kumar, G. Cross, C. Qu, J. Das, A. Makineni, Y. Mulgaonkar (U.S. patent, 2017) US20170372137.
Systems, Devices, and Methods for Agricultural Sample Collection. D. Orol, L. Vacek, D. Kaufman, J. Das & V. Kumar; (provisional patent filed, July 2017).
Available here (released November 9, 2017).
Living in the robotic age, National Science Foundation, June 14, 2016.
Drones can enable precision and predictive farming, L'Atelier Trends, February 25, 2016.
Researchers Seeking Agricultural Applications For Unmanned Aircraft, Growing Produce, April 21, 2015.
Drones find uses on farms, Herald Tribune, Mar 26, 2015.
Unmanned Aircraft a Promising Agriculture Technology, The Ledger, March 23, 2015.
(left-right) Jnaneshwar Das, Steven Chen, and Delaney Kaufman at the 2016 Congressional Robotics Caucus at the US Capitol Complex, celebrating the fifth anniversary of the National Robotics Initiative (NRI). Penn Agriculture Project was one of 10 projects selected from hundreds of NRI funded projects to showcase the impact of NRI.
Xin Wang, Masters student in Environmental Studies (2016) at University of Pennsylvania did her Capstone Project, in part with the Penn Agriculture group. As a part of her project, she accompanied the group to Florida in March 2016 and interviewed growers.
Resources are for academic and educational purposes.
This page was last modified on 29 June 2018, at 08:07.


text:
Q: Distributing two small images in a document (horizontally) evenly Consider the following code (no special packages added)
\begin{document}
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{black_square} and \includegraphics{black_square}
\par\end{center}

Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text
\end{document}

that produces the output , where the black squares stand for some image I wand to put in my document.
My questions are:

*

*Is this the right way to add images to a document ? I'm vaguely aware that there are some floating environments available for this, but I want the images at exactly this specific place.

*How can I rearrange the black square so that they are horizontally evenly distributed and the "and" is vertically in the middle, i.e. more like this:

A: Since \includegraphics places images upon the text baseline, I here use \raisebox to shift the figures down (1/2 of their height - 1/2 the height of a textline).  Then, by placing symmetric \hspaces around the word "and", I can achieve a symmetric layout.  I use % at the end of the lines to prevent stray spaces from getting introduced.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\begin{document}
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text

\begin{center}
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1in,height=1in]{black_square}}%
\hspace{.5in}%
and%
\hspace{.5in}%
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1in,height=1in]{black_square}}
\par\end{center}

Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text
\end{document}

If you wanted the figures to be exactly spaced between the margin and the middle text, this would suffice, replacing the center environment with the appropriate \hfils, making sure to not indent the "paragraph" on which the figures appear.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\begin{document}
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text

\medskip
\noindent
\hfil%
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1in,height=1in]{black_square}}%
\hfil%
and%
\hfil%
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1in,height=1in]{black_square}}%
\hfil%
\par\medskip

Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text

\medskip
\noindent
\hfil%
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1.3in,height=1.3in]{black_square}}%
\hfil%
and%
\hfil%
\raisebox{\dimexpr-.5\height+.5\ht\strutbox}%
  {\includegraphics[width=1.3in,height=1.3in]{black_square}}%
\hfil%
\par\medskip

Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text
\end{document}

A:
Answer with \hfill. But and is not vertically centered.

\documentclass[a4paper]{scrbook}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\includegraphics{black_square} \hfill  and  \hfill \includegraphics{black_square}
\par
\end{center}

\end{document}

Answer with 'subcaption' Now and is vertically centered.

\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\begin{document}
text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text
\begin{figure}[htbp!]
    \centering
      \begin{subfigure}{0.31\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{image1}
      \end{subfigure}
\hfill and \hfill
      \begin{subfigure}{0.31\textwidth}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{image1}
      \end{subfigure}
\end{figure}
some text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Get Camshaft import data of Russia to view the market size, price and camshaft market share of Russia. With the help of import data you can track trading activities of Russian importers of camshaft.
Our camshaft import data of Russia and market research report covers market priceof camshaft and market share of Russian companies. This helps you to do market analysis on the basis of price, company, etc. efficiently and gain knowledge on market size of camshaft in Russia. Few shipment records with a small number of important columns from Russia import data of camshaft are given above. Other hidden fields such as Russian Importer Name with Address, Foreign Importer Name with Address, Value, Quantity, Origin & Destination Country and more are also covered in Russia customs data of camshaft. To view more shipment records of camshaft import data of Russia, you can set a filter by Country Name, HS Code and Place.
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Saint (St.) Junipero Serra Legacy canonization T-shirt design with all California Missions.
Kimberleigh Gavin's "Legacy of Saint (St.) Serra" T-shirt design is now available on line, at Mission San Juan Capistrano and other Missions. Created for Fr. Junipero Serra's canonization, all California Missions' locations are marked along El Camino Real on a California map that is framed by pictures of each Mission in the order they were founded. Blessed Father (Fr.) Junipero Serra's Mission Founding Legacy and his September 23, 2015 Canonization to Sainthood are very beautifully and historically portrayed and commemorated on Kimberleigh's hand created 14-color screened-printed T-shirts and Hooded Sweatshirts.
Celebrate the legacy in wearable art! Get your St. Serra T-shirt today! For more information and to order yours now click here.


Centrifuge tube boxes are with uniformed thickness, safe, convenient and clean which canbe used for the centrifuge tube storage and protection and Lab test and Analysis.
1. Payment: Trade Insurance, T/T, Western Union, 30% deposits; 70% balance before delivery.


We like to give you as much input into the evening's play list as you require. You can request as many songs and styles as you like, or of course you can leave it up to us Soundimages Roadshow- after all we are experts in reading the changing moods of the dance floor, and making sure it's always busy!
Our music catalogue is second to none and we always carry a vast selection of songs from every era and music style. From rock'n'roll to current chart favourites – giving you peace of mind that every one of your guests, no matter what age, will have the time of their lives and enjoy your birthday discos.
Whether it's a Sweet Sixteen, Eighteenth or an Twenty First or a 'O' celebration, our Mobile DJ is of course very comfortable making announcements in a warm, friendly and encouraging manner and as a free service (and if required) we will happily liaise with you and your guests to spring the ultimate birthday surprise on the guest of honour!


text:
László Cseh (né le  à Budapest en Autriche-Hongrie et mort le  à Budapest en Hongrie) était un joueur de football international et un entraîneur hongrois, qui évoluait au milieu de terrain.

Biographie

Il joue durant sa carrière entre 1926 et 1941 dans de nombreux clubs hongrois dont MTK Hungária FC ou encore Kispesti AC.

International avec l'équipe de Hongrie de 1932 à 1939, il participe à la coupe du monde 1938 en France.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international hongrois
Joueur du MTK Budapest FC
Joueur du Budapest Honvéd
Joueur du Kerületi TUE
Naissance en avril 1910
Naissance à Budapest
Décès en janvier 1950
Décès à 39 ans


Australia is one of the continents and becomes the largest countries on the earth. There are many people who like to spend their free time in this country and fill your activity in Sydney. While you are planning to visit this country, you need to know what to do in Australia.
Do you want to ride the luxury train which can across the continent? You can ride this train from Darwin to vice versa or Adelaide. In the journey, you can see that there are unforgettable trains and get through the Red Centre, Katherine Gorge, scorched desert, and the mountains of the Flinders Ranges.
You can find the Pinnacles Desert on the Turquoise Coast of Western Australia. It is 250 kilometers north of Perth. A desert is a place for ancient limestone pillars which look like the extraterrestrial tombstones. The park itself is fringed by excellent fishing, unique fauna, wildflowers, and secluded white beaches. If you want, you can stay in the fishing village near it.
While you are coming to Australia for the long holiday in the New Year, take a look at the New Year's Eve fireworks in Sydney harbor. It is the best time to see the spectacular fireworks you have ever seen.
There are some vantage points to enjoy the fireworks to suit your budget such as picnic around Sydney's foreshore, book a waterside hotel room, jump on a boat or ferry cruise, attend many ticketed events and many more.
Do you know? Kimberley is one of the last wilderness areas on this world. There are many ways to get this area, but the best way is by cruise ship. You can get close to the complex river systems, lush waterfalls, ochre-colored gorges, secluded beaches, and rocky shores.
Do you wanna get the great adventure to share it with your friends? You can try to dive with the great white sharks around. If you are interested to dive with sharks, you can try the tour with Adventure Bay Charters and Calypso Star Charters for it.
Even if you have no scuba experience, you still have a chance to try it. You can get into a cage and also the air is fed to the cage and you can see the sharks around. If you wish to dive with sharks, the best time to visit between March and August.
While you are traveling to Canberra, don't miss a chance to see Australia's capital from the height. It is the best place to see the green scenery, interesting sculptures, monuments, architectures, the view of Lake Burley Griffin, and many other things. Then, you can celebrate it at the Park Hyatt Hotel with a glass of champagne.
So, have you scheduled your time to visit all of those places? Don't miss a great chance to visit them or you can't get real experience to explore Australia.
While talking about Australia, it is one of the continents and becomes one of the largest countries in the world. It is lying between Indian and Pacific oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. As the other countries do, you know that Australia has its symbol which many people use.
You Have Seen It, Right?
The first time you may keep in mind about Australia is the building near their harbor, isn't it? Well, that building is called as Sydney Opera House. Perhaps, you might think that what the building is? A huge building near the harbor is absolutely amazing. With its design, it is so easy to remember that the building is located in Australia.
What is it for? It is the venue performing arts center with multifunction which located in Bennelong Point, Sydney. In this 20th century, it becomes the most distinctive and famous buildings. Its architectural style is expressionist.
Do you want to know the architect of this building? He is Jern Utzon, Corporate with Civil & Civic, M.R. Homibrook as main contractors, Ove Arup & Partners as a structural engineer, also the New South Wales Government as the financial support; they started the construction of it. The construction was started on March 1, 1959, and finished in 1973. It was officially opened on October 20, 1973.
Do You Wonder What Inside It?
With those current tenants, do you want to know what is inside of Sydney Opera House? If you see the building from the outside, it looks so huge and has the best architecture. Inside of it, it can be more fabulous than you have ever thought.
Its venue is a home of Sydney Symphony Orchestra and used by a lot of other concert presenters. Inside this venue, you can see the largest action organ of the mechanical tracker in the world which has more than 10,000 pipes which are owned by the Sydney Opera House Grand Organ.
The seating capacity of this venue is 2,679 seats.
It is a proscenium theatre and the home of The Australian Ballet and Opera Australia. It also was known as Opera Theatre until October 16, 2012.
The seating capacity of this venue is 1,507 seats.
It is a proscenium theatre and used by Sydney Theatre Company and other theatrical and dance presenters.
The seating capacity of this venue is 544 seats.
It is an end-stage theatre with the seating capacity is up to 398 seats.
In this venue, you can see that there are 280 permanent seats which can be folded up. Nevertheless, it has a maximum capacity of up to 400 seats. It depends on configuration.
It is a multi small venue for small productions, corporate functions, and parties. In this venue, the seating capacity is up to 210 seats.
Both areas usually use for occasional performance.
It is usually used for social functions, ceremonies, and conferences.
– Other facilities like retail outlets, bars, restaurants, and cafes.
Those are the venues and facilities you can find inside it. Can you imagine how big the building is? Even if you are the tourists, you should not worry because there are guided tours which can give you a tour around this building. Thus, you can't get lost while going around this building. It is so exciting, isn't it?
Sidney is the largest city in Australia that required in one of the traveler's dream destinations whatever the season. Sidney is the one of the city in Australia that has full of historical meetings, rich in culture, equipped with amazingly dining venues. Because of there are so many places that you can visit in Sidney, you might be confused to choose the best activities that will make you never forget the experiences in Sidney.
If you have a plan to visit Sidney then you try to find the best time to go there, I'm sure that you will a littlebitconfused because The Sidney Tourism Department is very smart. They deliberately make the interesting events throughout the year to attract the tourists, not only domestic tourist but also foreign tourist. So, actually, every time is the right time to visit Sidney. You just need to fit the season with your aim. For example, you want to see the snow, so you may visit Sidney in winter. But if you want to spend the time on the beach, you may visit that city in Summer. If you want to avoid the crowd or want to save your money, you may avoid visiting Sidney during the school holiday.
Southern Australia including Sydney has four seasons. Because it's in the southern hemisphere, the season here is the opposite of the season in America and Europe. If you want to celebrate Christmas with snow here, so it's false. You may see snow in Sidney is on June or July. Because in December is time to summer. so, if you want to visit Sidney, you have to really know about the weather in there.
Early in the year, January and February is time to summer in Sidney. The temperature can reach 360 C. In summer, beaches are full of sunbathers. If you visit Sidney at this time, so don't forget to use sunblock because the sun in Australia is very hot with high ultraviolet intensity. In every January, the city is lively with the Sidney festival. There are music dance, drama, and the other art exhibitions. Many of them are free and some programs are made especially for children.
For those who want to watch the fireworks like in the New Years Eve, there will be in January 26th when there is an Australian Day Celebration. The fireworks at Darling Harbour when Australia Day is quite entertaining even though it's not at Sidney Harbour Bridge on New Year's Eve. There are also many other events carried out by each region when held Australias Independence days, such as hot air balloon in Parramatta, or fireworks at Sidney Olympic Park.
In March until April, the temperature during the day drops around 19 until 22o C. This is the ideal temperature to visit here, as long as the weather is sunny and not rainy. The city of Sidney will be crowded in April when there is an Easter holiday. Easter holiday is the second busiest holiday after the Christmas holiday. The families in Australia will be attending the tourist attractions or vacation. The lots of events were held to greet the children's school holidays in April. One of the biggest is the Royal Easter Show that held at Sidney Olympic Park. There are also the circus show and workshop.
From June until July, the temperature will be a drop between 7 until 15o C. You need extra thick clothing and more luggage if you want to visit Sidney in the winter. To warm up the city in the winter, Sidney held a Vivid Festival or light festival. A full month, the Opera House is highlighted with beautiful patterns. They also put artwork from light at some point in Circular Quay.
For you who want to see the snow in Australia, so you may visit there in June or July. Visit the snowy mountain, that can take about 6 hours by car from Sydney. Winter in there is quite short, the peak in June until July, then thinning in August. For you who are the coffee fans, you do not let the Aroma Coffee Festival at The Rock. At that festival, we can change the types of coffee and chocolate from various parts of the world. We can enjoy the coffee while seeing the music performance.
The temperature in spring is similarto the temperature in autumn, it is about 19 until 220 C. This spring also rained a lot. Spring is a good time to visit Canberra that you may reach 3 hours drive from Sydney. In Canberra,you may see Floriade, the largest flower festival in Australia. In October, there is a month-longSidney International Food Festival. Those who like to taste the various foods and wine may come to that event.
While traveling to Australia, you should not miss seeing the koalas in their natural habitats. To make your journey is completed, why don't you see the wild koalas? It makes you can see and learn about them. A cute animal from Australia is wasting their day to sleep for 20 hours.
Koala is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial animal. The native habitat is in Australia. Even though the most famous iconic animals of Australia is a kangaroo, the koala is known as a symbol of Australia.
You can see koala around Australia like in South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland. Sadly, in the earlier 20th century, there are many hunters which are looked for them. It makes their population in a tight number. However, the government has established and they are listed as vulnerable animals.
You can find them in the habitats range from woodlands to open forests in climates ranging from cool to tropical temperate. If you are going to the right place, you can find and see a koala easily.
While you are traveling around Sydney, there are some best places for you to see the wild koalas. Do you know about it? Read on!
The closest area to see koalas from Sydney is Port Stephen near Tea Gardens. You can look the koala from the side roads of gum trees right before the Singing Bridge. If you are lucky enough, you can see them in their natural habitat.
Note that the best chance to see koala is around dusk or early morning. In the daytime, they will sleep. If you haven't seen any koala, you can stop your journey and come to the Tea Gardens and find the small tourist information center.
You can ask the locals whether they spotted the koalas or not and if they see the koalas, they will show to you.
How to get there? You just have to drive from Sydney for about 2.5 hours. It is the good stop if you are going to the East Coast road trip.
Tucki Tucki Nature Reserve is the best places to see koalas in New South Wales. Once you get there, you can see koalas easily. This place is small enough to walk around and see several of them.
How to get there? you can use the car to drive from Sydney and takes about 8 hours. The closest place you can go after visiting Tucki Tucki is Byron Bay which takes for an hour.
Technically, the Tidbinbilla is not the place for wild koalas, but it wasn't zoo too. It is like the reservation place which creates natural habitats from koalas so it feels like the wildlife. In this place, you can walk in the koala area through the gum trees and hunt them out. If you are lucky, you can see one of them.
How to get there? You can drive from Sydney which takes about 3.5 hours or from Canberra which takes about 45 minutes.
Port MacQuarie is a great place to see wild koalas because it is home to Koala Hospital. If you are lucky enough, you can see some wild koalas in their habitats. It is the best opportunity to get closer to learn about them.
All koalas in this place have been rescued from any trouble situations like bushfires, dog attack, and more. Thus, they need to support and they are one of the treasured Australian experiences.
How to get there? You can drive from Sydney for about four hours. You can stop on any East Coast Road Trip. Besides driving, you can get a short time to fly from Sydney.
It is the healthy population to see koalas in some places. Besides seeing koalas, it is a great place to see wild echidnas, seals, wallabies, kangaroos, and other Australian animals. If you want to get here, you can take short ferry trip starts from Cape Jervis or short flight starts from Adelaide.
It is a brilliant spot to see the wild koalas. There are many people who are lucky to spend days to see them. There is a small population in Kennett River and so you can see them easily.
Those are the best places to see koalas in Australia. You just have to visit one of them. If you are lucky, you can see them easily. If you don't spot any of koalas, you can move to another place to see more koalas. Just pick one or more of these places to see koalas while you are traveling in Australia.


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Red Hat Collaborates with the Massachusetts Open Cloud and Leading Children's Hospital to Help Shape the Future of Medical Image Processing
The ChRIS Research Integration Service will reduce the time it takes to analyze medical images and increase cross-hospital collaboration for swifter crucial decisions
SAN FRANCISCO - RED HAT SUMMIT 2018 — 9 maggio 2018 —
Red Hat, Inc. (NYSE: RHT), the world's leading provider of open source solutions, today announced a collaboration with Boston Children's Hospital to deploy the ChRIS Research Integration Service, a web-based medical image platform developed using Red Hat technologies, on the Massachusetts Open Cloud (MOC). The platform provides a distributed user interface that is designed to enable real-time collaboration between clinicians and radiologists around the world.
With Red Hat's technology, we are able to create an open, scalable and shareable platform capable of reducing the time it takes to analyze key images from hours to minutes.
Dr. Ellen Grant Director of Fetal and Neonatal Neuorimaging Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
In medically-critical scenarios, every minute counts and the cost of waiting hours for medical images to be scanned, shared, and analyzed can mean the difference between a patient's life or death. Faster image processing and the ability to share critical data through real-time collaboration can lead to quicker and more accurate diagnoses, helping to improve patient outcomes.
With the goal of providing a central collaboration platform that is open to the global medical imaging community, Boston Children's Hospital built ChRIS using a variety of Red Hat's open source technologies that allow for a flexible, open hybrid cloud architecture that is designed for agility and scale. These include:
Red Hat Enterpise Linux, the world's leading enterprise Linux platform, provides a scalable, more secure, and supported Linux distribution, and is being used to accelerate the Graphics Processing Units (GPU) running on MOC.
Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform, Red Hat's Kubernetes container application platform, is being used as part of the solution for application lifecycle management, making it easy to build, deploy and scale applications for imaging, analytics and diagnosis using Linux containers and Kubernetes at the core of ChRIS. Running on Red Hat OpenStack Platform, OpenShift also allows for the flexibility to use cloud-native application frameworks and runtimes across the MOC.
Red Hat OpenStack Platform, Red Hat's agile cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), is the foundation for MOC's scalable compute nodes. The platform also helps provide GPU acceleration while adhering to OpenStack's built-in security standards.
Red Hat CloudForms and Red Hat Ansible Automation fuel a combined cloud management and automation approach. CloudForms provides a hybrid cloud management platform while Ansible offers a broad, agentless IT automation engine - together, the technologies help Boston Children's Hospital better manage the ChRIS solution, simplifying service and policy management and adding automation to keep routine tasks moving smoothly.
Red Hat Ceph Storage, Red Hat's open, scalable storage solution for modern workloads, helps MOC provide fast, redundant cloud storage at scale.
ChRIS provides a standardized way of deploying imaging applications, which reduces the barrier that currently exists between developers of those apps and users who need quick access to them. Because ChRIS runs on Red Hat OpenShift deployed on Red Hat OpenStack Platform, app containers built for ChRIS come prepackaged with all of the required libraries, enabling the user to quickly install an app and then use it in an orchestrated way within the platform.
Red Hat is also providing coding help and guidance for the development of the ChRIS platform.
The MOC project brings together talent and technologies from various academic, government, non-profit, and industry organizations to collaboratively create an open, production-grade public cloud suitable for cutting-edge research and development. Through its ongoing work with the group, Red Hat is able to support the growth of the ChRIS platform as it scales to the cloud and evolves into a robust, multidisciplinary scientific research platform that the MOC and Boston Children's Hospital plan to make available to other hospitals in Boston and beyond.
Red Hat shares MOC and Boston Children's Hospital's mission of finding and creating the best solutions to real problems and sharing them with the broader community for all to use. Red Hat's culture and technology have proven to be a natural fit for the project, and Red Hat is committed to helping ChRIS expand while also helping MOC cement its status as one of the leading cloud computing choices for research in the Northeastern U.S. With a foundation built on open technology, the Boston Children's Hospital and MOC teams are committed to keeping the open data sets created by ChRIS open to all to further broaden innovation in children's healthcare.
P. Ellen Grant, M.D., Director of the Fetal Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Director of Fetal and Neonatal Neuroimaging Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital Endowed Chair in Neonatology, Boston Children's Hospital
"The collaboration with Red Hat came very naturally. We are both seen as leaders in our respective sectors and have a shared goal of creating open technology solutions to aid doctors in making potentially life-saving decisions. With Red Hat's technology, we are able to create an open, scalable and shareable platform capable of reducing the time it takes to analyze key images from hours to minutes."
Chris Wright, vice president and chief technology officer, Red Hat
"When it comes to breakthroughs in healthcare technology, it is not enough to have an open platform, but also one that is capable of hosting and managing huge data sets while enabling researchers to run compute-intensive workloads. Collaborating with Boston University and the Massachusetts Open Cloud on ChRIS was an excellent match for Red Hat, as this model shows how collaboration in cloud computing can fuel innovation beyond just traditional enterprise IT. Open innovation can quickly change the face of modern medicine, and Red Hat is proud to be a part of this effort."
Informazioni su Red Hat
Red Hat is the world's leading provider of open source software solutions, using a community-powered approach to provide reliable and high-performing cloud, Linux, middleware, storage and virtualization technologies. Red Hat also offers award-winning support, training, and consulting services. As a connective hub in a global network of enterprises, partners, and open source communities, Red Hat helps create relevant, innovative technologies that liberate resources for growth and prepare customers for the future of IT. Learn more at http://www.redhat.com.
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Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: risks related to the ability of the Company to compete effectively; the ability to deliver and stimulate demand for new products and technological innovations on a timely basis; delays or reductions in information technology spending; the integration of acquisitions and the ability to market successfully acquired technologies and products; risks related to errors or defects in our offerings and third-party products upon which our offerings depend; risks related to the security of our offerings and other data security vulnerabilities; fluctuations in exchange rates; the effects of industry consolidation; uncertainty and adverse results in litigation and related settlements; the inability to adequately protect Company intellectual property and the potential for infringement or breach of license claims of or relating to third party intellectual property; changes in and a dependence on key personnel; the ability to meet financial and operational challenges encountered in our international operations; and ineffective management of, and control over, the Company's growth and international operations, as well as other factors contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K (copies of which may be accessed through the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov), including those found therein under the captions "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". In addition to these factors, actual future performance, outcomes, and results may differ materially because of more general factors including (without limitation) general industry and market conditions and growth rates, economic and political conditions, governmental and public policy changes and the impact of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. The forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Company's views as of the date of this press release and these views could change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company's views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.
Powered by Red Hat OpenShift, Red Hat OpenStack and other Red Hat technologies, this new medical imaging application has the potential to make an immediate impact on clinical radiology by making it possible for clinicians to conduct image analysis in real-time.
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Qualification : Candidates must have obtained the B.E/B.Tech Degree in Civil Stream from any recognized University or should have done 3 yrs Diploma in Civil Engineering (AICTE) from any reputed University.
Selection Criteria : Selection will be made through written test.
How to Apply : Interested Candidates have to apply via Online mode from Official website of NRHM MP .


World Vision… - Official site for "Dog eat Doug" and "The Conjurers"
Have you ever read Mark Crilley's "Akiko" comics? Some of your stuff reminds me of his elaborate drawings of fantastic places.
I've heard of it but never checked it out. Just looked up his site. I think I will be picking up his books.
Brian, I hope I'm not out of line in asking you this; did you go to art school or is this all natural talent? I'm really hoping it's the latter.
Not out of line at all. I'm self taught.


The first collection gives you control over the mouse and keyboard of the computer: the 9 actions included into this pack allows you to move the mouse over the screen, click a mouse button, press a combination of keys etc.
The second one is a little action that might be a great help for HTML developers: it converts the received text into the ISO 8859-1 charset for HTML: with this action, no more problem of accents and special characters in your web pages!
Those great collections of actions are available in the More Actions webpage or by clicking on "Get more actions..." in the "Help" menu within Action(s).


text:
Scott Ross, né le  à Pittsburgh, en Pennsylvanie (États-Unis), et mort le  à Assas (Hérault, France), est un organiste et claveciniste américain.

Biographie
Né dans une famille américaine cultivée, d'un père journaliste et d'une mère peintre et publicitaire, Scott Stonebraker Ross perd son père à l'âge de dix ans en 1960. Il apprend le piano et l'orgue dès l'âge de six ans.

Sa mère décide de s'installer en France en 1964. Il y fait la rencontre de Pierre Cochereau qui l'encourage à s'inscrire, l'année suivante, au conservatoire de Nice, dont il est le directeur. Scott Ross choisit le clavecin comme second instrument et suit l'enseignement d'Huguette Grémy-Chauliac.

Scott Ross travaille beaucoup et étudie de lui-même la musicologie et la facture des clavecins. En 1967, il entre à l'Académie d'orgue de Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume, dans la classe de Michel Chapuis. Il se présente au concours de Bruges en 1968 et s'inscrit en 1969 au Conservatoire national supérieur de musique et de danse de Paris. Il obtient le premier prix du Concours de Bruges en 1971. En 1973, Scott Ross est nommé chargé de cours à l'École de Musique de l'Université Laval de Québec, où il enseignera jusqu'en 1986.

Il s'établit en France à Assas dans le département de l'Hérault, près du château qui héberge un clavecin français (anonyme) du milieu du , à 2 claviers et 4 registres. Scott Ross enregistre de nombreuses œuvres sur cet instrument, notamment l'intégrale pour clavecin de François Couperin, au cours des étés 1977 et 1978.

Parallèlement, il mène une carrière internationale de concertiste et réalise de nombreux enregistrements discographiques. Il enregistre en particulier la première intégrale des 555 sonates de Domenico Scarlatti, jouée par un seul interprète, en 1985. En même temps, il interprète ces sonates au clavecin pour France Musique et offrira à ses auditeurs une surprise : une  pour le , entièrement écrite de sa main. Personne ne remarquera la supercherie.

Assez atypique sur la scène musicale classique avec ses blousons de cuir et ses santiags, il est l'un des plus notoires interprètes des Variations Goldberg de Bach au clavecin, avec Gustav Leonhardt et Blandine Verlet.

Scott Ross meurt le  à Assas, à l'âge de , des suites d'une infection par le VIH.

Enregistrements
 Les 555 sonates pour clavecin de Domenico Scarlatti, de  à , dans la chapelle du château d'Assas (Hérault) et dans les studios de Radio France.
 Deux enregistrements des Variations Goldberg BWV 988 de Bach (chez Erato puis Virgin), les six Partitas BWV 825-830 (chez Erato).
 Le Concerto italien BWV 971, l'Ouverture à la française BWV 831, la Fantaisie chromatique et fugue BWV 903 et les 4 Duetti BWV 802-805 de Johann Sebastian Bach (chez Erato).
 L'intégrale de la musique pour clavecin de Rameau jouée sur le clavecin du château d'Assas (chez Stil) et enregistrée en 1975.
 Les quatre livres de François Couperin, enregistrement au château d'Assas (chez Stil) en 1977 et 1978.
 Les pièces d'orgue et de clavecin (sauf les transcriptions de Lully) du livre de Jean-Henri d'Anglebert (chez Erato) enregistrées en 1987.
 L'intégrale des 8 suites de 1720 pour clavecin de Haendel (chez Erato).
 Le Fandango et des sonates de Padre Antonio Soler (chez Erato).
 Un récital Frescobaldi, son dernier enregistrement réalisé en  (CD publié chez EMI le ).
 Les deux messes pour orgue de François Couperin (chez Stil) sur l'orgue Pascal Quoirin de Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
 Les deux livres du Clavier Bien Tempéré de Johann Sebastian Bach (enregistrement Radio-Canada 1980, paru chez Perspective).
 Deux disques en concert (clavecin et orgue) de compositeurs variés (chez INA Mémoire Vive).
 Deux disques pour Radio Canada (clavecin et orgue) intitulés The Art of Scott Ross, compositeurs variés (chez Perspective).
 30 sonates pour clavecin de Domenico Scarlatti (K1 à K30) en 1973 (chez Stil).
 Un récital J.S Bach ( partita et extraits de l'Offrande musicale) en 1971 (chez Stil),  de Scott Ross.
Récital à Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert (Suite en mi et premier concert de Jean-Philippe Rameau, Partita BWV 484 de Jean-Sébastien Bach, trois sonates de Domenico Scarlatti) enregistré en 1986 (chez INA Mémoire Vive)

Films
Une leçon particulière, réalisation de Claude Mouriéras, conception d'Olivier Bernager et François Manceaux. Film tourné à la Villa Médicis en .

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Michel-E. Proulx, Scott Ross, Maître du Clavecin. Un destin inachevé, Uitg. Nanobozoh (Le grand Lapin), Montpellier-Quebec, 2002

Article connexe
 Château d'Assas

Liens externes

 Biographie de Scott Ross, par Michel Proulx : "Scott Ross, claveciniste, un destin inachevé."
 Deux textes sur Scott Ross
  Discographie de Scott Ross
  Scott Ross: Scarlatti, sonate K 209.
  Scott Ross: Antonio Soler, Fandango.

Claveciniste américain
Organiste classique américain
Professeur à l'Université Laval
Mort du sida
Mort d'une pneumonie
Élève du conservatoire à rayonnement régional de Nice
Naissance à Pittsburgh
Naissance en mars 1951
Décès en juin 1989
Décès dans l'Hérault
Décès à 38 ans
Élève de Michel Chapuis


text:
General Motors Company Q4 and Full-Year 2022 Earnings Conference Call
Jan 31, 2023 at 8:30 AM EST
General Motors Co. (NYSE: GM) will release its fourth-quarter and full-year 2022 financial results on Tuesday, Jan. 31, 2023, at approximately 6:30 a.m. ET, followed by a conference call for financial analysts at 8:30 a.m. ET.
Financial materials will be available at the following locations:
GM's Investor Relations website in the Earnings Releases section: https://investor.gm.com
GM's media website: https://pressroom.gm.com
Conference call details are as follows:
1-800-857-9821 (U.S.)
1-517-308-9481 (international/caller-paid)
Conference call passcode: General Motors
Please dial in at least 15 minutes in advance to ensure a timely connection to the call. Audio replay information will be available on the GM Investor Relations website in the Events section.
The company's subsequent earnings announcements are scheduled as follows:
Q1 2023: Tuesday, April 25, 2023
Q2 2023: Tuesday, July 25, 2023
Earnings Deck Q4 2022 6.7 MB
Chair and CEO Mary Barra's letter to shareholders 255 KB
Consolidated Financial Highlights Q4 2022 310.8 KB
Earnings Press Release Q4 2022 354 KB


text:
Guide to keyboards: Mechanical, Mebrane and Optical
Clinton Madegwa Updated on 18/09/2018
Computer keyboards are the primary interface between you and the PC….or at least it still is, until touch-screen display on laptops get to the masses. These QWERTY style keyboards come in many different types and sizes. The various types are classified based on the underlying Keyboard technology. The choice of switch technology affects key response (the positive feedback that a key has been pressed) and pre-travel which is the distance needed to push the key to enter a character reliably. Newer keyboard models use hybrids of various technologies to achieve greater cost savings but the primary underlying technologies are generally classified under these three: Mechanical, membrane and optical.
Optical keyboard technology
This type of key switches can also be called photo-optical keyboard technology, or light responsive keyboards, or +photo-electric keyboard, and optical key actuation detection technology. This tech's origin dates back to 1962 when it was introduced by Harley E. Kelchner for use in a typewriter machine with the purpose of reducing the noise generating by actuating the typewriter keys.
The working principle of Optical Keyboards is pretty straight-forward. A beam of light is sent from a source to a receiver and the actuated key blocks interacts with the beam by either refracting or reflecting it which the results in the identification of the pressed key. Some earlier optical keyboards were limited in their structure and required special casing to block external light, no multi-key functionality was supported and the design was very limited to a thick rectangular case.
An optical keyboard technology utilizes light-emitting devices and photo sensors to optically detect actuated keys. Most commonly the emitters and sensors are located at the perimeter, mounted on a small PCB. The light is directed from side to side of the keyboard interior, and it can only be blocked by the actuated keys. Most optical keyboards require at least 2 beams (most commonly a vertical beam and a horizontal beam) to determine the actuated key. Some optical keyboards use a special key structure that blocks the light in a certain pattern, allowing only one beam per row of keys (most commonly a horizontal beam).
Advantages of Optical Keyboard Technology
The biggest selling point of Optical Keyboard technology is that it offers a true waterproof keyboards that are unaffected by dust and liquids. Additional advantages of optical keyboard technology over other keyboard technologies such as Hall effect, laser, roll-up, and transparent keyboards lie in cost (Hall effect keyboard) and feel –
optical keyboard technology does not require different key mechanisms, and the tactile feel of typing has remained the same for over 60 years.
The specialist DataHand keyboard uses optical technology to sense keypresses with a single light beam and sensor per key. The keys are held in their rest position by magnets; when the magnetic force is overcome to press a key, the optical path is unblocked and the keypress is registered.
Mechanical-switch keyboard
Each key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem. Switches come in three variants: linear with consistent resistance, and tactile with a non-audible bump, or tactile with an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate. The shape of the stem varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch.The amount of sound produced by actuation can also be changed. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps.
Mechanical keyboards also have a longer lifespan than membrane or dome-switch keyboards, with an expected lifespan of 50 million click per switch for Cherry MX switches, while switches from Razer have a rated lifetime of 60 million clicks per switch. The major current mechanical switch producer is Cherry. Alps Electric, a former major producer, ended production in the early 2000s. Alps style switches continue to be made in smaller numbers by Matias. Companies such as Cooler Master, Corsair, Razer, Thermaltake, Logitech and SteelSeries offer a variety of mechanical model keyboards targeted towards gamers.
Membrane keyboard
There are two types of membrane-based keyboards, flat-panel membrane keyboards and full-travel membrane keyboards:
Flat-panel membrane keyboards are most often found on appliances like microwave ovens or photocopiers. A common design consists of three layers. The top layer has the labels printed on its front and conductive stripes printed on the back. Under this it has a spacer layer, which holds the front and back layer apart so that they do not normally make electrical contact. The back layer has conductive stripes printed perpendicularly to those of the front layer. When placed together, the stripes form a grid. When the user pushes down at a particular position, their finger pushes the front layer down through the spacer layer to close a circuit at one of the intersections of the grid. This indicates to the computer or keyboard control processor that a particular button has been pressed.
Generally, flat-panel membrane keyboards do not produce a noticeable physical feedback. Therefore, devices using these issue a beep or flash a light when the key is pressed. They are often used in harsh environments where water- or leak-proofing is desirable. Although used in the early days of the personal computer (on the Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 and Atari 400), they have been supplanted by the more tactile dome and mechanical switch keyboards.
Full-travel membrane-based keyboards are the most common computer keyboards today. They have one-piece plastic keytop/switch plungers which press down on a membrane to actuate a contact in an electrical switch matrix
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LED lighting. You know what it is and that it's the way of the future (if not the present) when it comes to illuminating everything from our homes to public spaces to indicator lights on our electronics. But with the technology advancing more and more each year, LED lighting has allowed for more flexibility in design, greater efficiency in use and a host of other benefits that affect our daily living.
Efficiency: Compared to conventional incandescent lamps, LED lighting lasts longer, are more durable, and more than five times more efficient. LED bulbs typically use only 2 to 10 watts of electricity.
Brightness: LED lighting is measured in lumens, not watts.
Cost: LED lighting fixtures have a higher upfront cost, but will have a greater lifespan in the long run.
Design: The compact size of LEDs make them an ultra-flexible design element, which has allowed designers and manufactures to create shapes, silhouettes and technologies that simply weren't possible before.
Cool, not hot: LEDs convert electricity to light and do not cause heat build-up.
Slow failure: LEDs slowly dim over time at the end of their lifespan, rather than burning out abruptly.
Dimming: In earlier years, LEDs did not "dim" in the way incandescent lights did, but they've come a long way. More and more fixtures now offer a "warm dim," which not only lowers the light output, but also the color temperature.
If you want to really dig in to the ins and outs of LEDs, there is certainly much more we can cover, from choosing the right brightness to retrofitting your current light fixtures and more.
It's not just a buzzword—efficiency is the name of the game with LEDs. LEDs are more than five times as great as its incandescent counterparts. They use only about 20 percent as much electricity to product the same amount of light.
A quality LED lamp can last anywhere from 20,000 to 50,000 hours. If you operate the lamp for 6 hours per day, 365 days a year, your LED lamp could last 20 years.
Brightness is measured in lumens, while the energy a bulb consumes is measured in watts. To produce similar amounts of light, LED and fluorescents bulbs consume far fewer watts than incandescent or halogen bulbs. A standard 60W incandescent produces 800 lumens, whereas LEDs consume 13-15 watts to produce 800 lumens.
Both LED and fluorescent lighting are more efficient than incandescent: LEDs consume up to 90% less energy and fluorescents consume up to 75% less. Fluorescents are made of glass tubes and can shatter if dropped, whereas LEDs are more durable. Also, fluorescents contain trace amounts of mercury and several states have special recycling rules.
LEDs have a higher initial cost relative to traditional lamps. However, people typically make back the cost in a couple of years because of LEDs' energy efficiency and long life. Also, earlier LEDs emitted directional light making them more suitable for task lighting than ambient glow. These days, omni-directional LED luminaires have become more common, pointing light at reflective surfaces or through high-quality lenses to give off an even and diffused glow. And although the first LEDs were associated with poor color accuracy and crispness, measured by the color rendering index (CRI), they have improved in recent years.
The components of LEDs are costly: circuit boards, drivers, and some use yellow phosphor, a rare earth compound. However, with advances in technology and growing popularity the prices have been steadily dropping. Keep in mind that the quality of LEDs varies greatly, which will affect the price. Look for ones that provide the best color and light output over time from a reputable manufacturer.
In the Wind LED Suspension Light from NEMO. The compact size of LED modules have enabled great strides in modern lighting design, such as the near-flat shape of the shade here.
These days, the answer is really: anywhere. From dining room chandeliers to landscapes, LED lighting provides beautiful illumination in just about any space.
An LED does not burn out like a standard lamp, so individual diodes do not need to be replaced. Instead, the diodes gradually produce lower output levels over a very long period of time. An LED is typically considered "dead" at 70% of initial light output.
Heracleum II Small Pendant Light by Bertjan Pot from Moooi. Moooi was one of the first modern lighting brands to use LEDs to design decorative light fixtures that were only possible with the technology LEDs brought to the table.
When one asks, "Is this a warm white or cool white?" it's in reference to the LED color temperature in relation to the Kelvin Color Temperature Scale. An LED with a Temperature of 2700K produces a very warm almost golden white light while 7000K is a very cool white that can in some applications appear to have a light blue glow. 3000K is a soft warm white, 3500K or 4000K is in the range of bright warm white, and beyond that it becomes bright cool white.
Which begs the question – how bright is 2700K versus 3500K? Or 4000K? While personal tastes will vary, less than 2700K is best used for areas where a bright light is not needed – for example, an accent lamp in the living room whose purpose is to provide a warming glow. 2700K to 3500K will produce a moderately warming glow and can be used to light most rooms of the home where ambiance is important such as the dining room or living room. Lighting begins to take on a natural white around 4000K that is great for task lighting, so many kitchens tend to vary between 3500K-5000K depending on the homeowner's affinity for warm versus cool lighting. Lighting over 5000K is rarely used in the home, but is very common in commercial lighting.
The CRI is a quantitative measure of how accurately the LED bulb renders colors in comparison to a natural Light source. Keeping in mind that an incandescent bulb has a CRI of 100, an LED with a CRI of 80 is good. A CRI of 80 to 90 percent is the most common LED CRI ratings you will find on the market today. However, CRI isn't always an accurate indicator as some LEDs with low CRI's in the 20-30 percentiles can produce more clear and precise white light than one rating at 90%. This is why the CRI rating is not as important to know as the watts and color temperature.
Some can be dimmed, but you'll need to consult manufacturer specifications for compatibility with your current system because some may not be able to handle the lower wattage on which LEDs operate.
The ability to purchase an LED bulb and screw it into an existing incandescent or compact fluroescent fixture (like you can with a CFL) is known as retrofitting. Retrofitting is more popular these days and many options are available. However, you may find an LED module that can physically fit into an existing incandescent but the fixture won't necessarily maximize the LED's efficiency.
Shop our entire collection of LED lighting at YLighting.


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I made it back to California earlier this week! I don't have much to report. I've spent the last few days cleaning my apartment, working on schoolwork (I'm a full-time student this semester, online and at UCSD), and training. So I figured I'd just post a pretty picture of where I live and train.
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Insight - Sep. 10th, 2021
Today on Insight, John and Josh Rosenstern discuss tomorrow's 20th anniversary of the 9-11 terror attacks on America. Brother Josh reminds us to pray for the families of the nearly 3-thousand killed that fateful day. He says those deaths represented 78 different countries that lost loved ones. We can be sure that same evil exists in the hearts of many in the world today. Brother Josh says America's defense against this evil is rooted in God. He says to keep the Lord's protective hand on America, Christians need to repent of the idols and mixtures that have entered many hearts and many churches that have turned from moral teachings rooted in the Word of God.
John Rosenstern, Josh Rosenstern, Debt Limit, Inflation, Tax Burden, Social Security, Unemployment, Stimulus Money
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Insight - Sep. 9th, 2021
Today on Insight, John and Josh Rosenstern discuss abortion and the controversy over the new Texas law making abortion after six weeks illegal. Brother Josh says you cannot ignore the science behind the life that immediately grows after conception. Brother Josh says the government needs to foll...
What will bring America back? Today on Insight, John and Josh Rosenstern discuss the downward spiral of America. Brother Josh addresses the new Texas Law that has made abortions illegal after six weeks of conception. He lays out the debate of the woman's right to choose. He says this mindset ...
Today on Insight, John and Josh Rosenstern discuss some upcoming decisions for Congress that are currently in emergency mode; as the U.S. is going to run out of money, explaining the country's debt limit. People don't realize that inflation is our biggest tax burden. By 2033, if nothing changes...


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You are here: Home / Publications / Peer-reviewed papers / lmd_Boucher2007_abstracts.html
lmd_Boucher2007_abstracts.html
A. Jones, J. M. Haywood, and O. Boucher. Aerosol forcing, climate response and climate sensitivity in the Hadley Centre climate model. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 112:20211, October 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
An atmosphere/mixed-layer-ocean climate model is used to investigate the climate responses to forcing by 1860-2000 changes in anthropogenic sulfate, biomass-burning and black carbon aerosols, and how they compare with the effect of doubling CO2. While the patterns of temperature response from sulfate and black carbon aerosols are similar and reveal high sensitivity at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere, they are significantly different to that due to CO2 which shows high latitude sensitivity in both hemispheres, and to biomass-burning aerosols which shows a much more uniform temperature response. Climate sensitivity, the response of natural primary aerosols, and the degree to which forcings and responses are additive, are also investigated. The sum of the separate temperature and precipitation responses to each aerosol is found to be remarkably similar to that obtained if all aerosols are changed simultaneously.
P. Stier, J. H. Seinfeld, S. Kinne, and O. Boucher. Aerosol absorption and radiative forcing. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 7:5237-5261, October 2007. [ bib | ADS link ]
We present a comprehensive examination of aerosol absorption with a focus on evaluating the sensitivity of the global distribution of aerosol absorption to key uncertainties in the process representation. For this purpose we extended the comprehensive aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM by effective medium approximations for the calculation of aerosol effective refractive indices, updated black carbon refractive indices, new cloud radiative properties considering the effect of aerosol inclusions, as well as by modules for the calculation of long-wave aerosol radiative properties and instantaneous aerosol forcing. The evaluation of the simulated aerosol absorption optical depth with the AERONET sun-photometer network shows a good agreement in the large scale global patterns. On a regional basis it becomes evident that the update of the BC refractive indices to Bond and Bergstrom (2006) significantly improves the previous underestimation of the aerosol absorption optical depth. In the global annual-mean, absorption acts to reduce the short-wave anthropogenic aerosol top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing clear-sky from -0.79 to -0.53 W m-2 (33%) and all-sky from -0.47 to -0.13 W m-2 (72%). Our results confirm that basic assumptions about the BC refractive index play a key role for aerosol absorption and radiative forcing. The effect of the usage of more accurate effective medium approximations is comparably small. We demonstrate that the diversity in the AeroCom land-surface albedo fields contributes to the uncertainty in the simulated anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcings: the usage of an upper versus lower bound of the AeroCom land albedos introduces a global annual-mean TOA forcing range of 0.19 W m-2 (36%) clear-sky and of 0.12 W m-2 (92%) all-sky. The consideration of black carbon inclusions on cloud radiative properties results in a small global annual-mean all-sky absorption of 0.05 W m-2 and a positive TOA forcing perturbation of 0.02 W m-2. The long-wave aerosol radiative effects are small for anthropogenic aerosols but become of relevance for the larger natural dust and sea-salt aerosols.
R. A. Betts, O. Boucher, M. Collins, P. M. Cox, P. D. Falloon, N. Gedney, D. L. Hemming, C. Huntingford, C. D. Jones, D. M. H. Sexton, and M. J. Webb. Projected increase in continental runoff due to plant responses to increasing carbon dioxide. Nature, 448:1037-1041, August 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
In addition to influencing climatic conditions directly through radiative forcing, increasing carbon dioxide concentration influences the climate system through its effects on plant physiology. Plant stomata generally open less widely under increased carbon dioxide concentration, which reduces transpiration and thus leaves more water at the land surface. This driver of change in the climate system, which we term `physiological forcing', has been detected in observational records of increasing average continental runoff over the twentieth century. Here we use an ensemble of experiments with a global climate model that includes a vegetation component to assess the contribution of physiological forcing to future changes in continental runoff, in the context of uncertainties in future precipitation. We find that the physiological effect of doubled carbon dioxide concentrations on plant transpiration increases simulated global mean runoff by 6 per cent relative to pre-industrial levels; an increase that is comparable to that simulated in response to radiatively forced climate change (11+/-6 per cent). Assessments of the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations on the hydrological cycle that only consider radiative forcing will therefore tend to underestimate future increases in runoff and overestimate decreases. This suggests that freshwater resources may be less limited than previously assumed under scenarios of future global warming, although there is still an increased risk of drought. Moreover, our results highlight that the practice of assessing the climate-forcing potential of all greenhouse gases in terms of their radiative forcing potential relative to carbon dioxide does not accurately reflect the relative effects of different greenhouse gases on freshwater resources.
C. Textor, M. Schulz, S. Guibert, S. Kinne, Y. Balkanski, S. Bauer, T. Berntsen, T. Berglen, O. Boucher, M. Chin, F. Dentener, T. Diehl, J. Feichter, D. Fillmore, P. Ginoux, S. Gong, A. Grini, J. Hendricks, L. Horowitz, P. Huang, I. S. A. Isaksen, T. Iversen, S. Kloster, D. Koch, A. Kirkevâg, J. E. Kristjansson, M. Krol, A. Lauer, J. F. Lamarque, X. Liu, V. Montanaro, G. Myhre, J. E. Penner, G. Pitari, M. S. Reddy, Ø. Seland, P. Stier, T. Takemura, and X. Tie. The effect of harmonized emissions on aerosol properties in global models an AeroCom experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 7:4489-4501, August 2007. [ bib | ADS link ]
The effects of unified aerosol sources on global aerosol fields simulated by different models are examined in this paper. We compare results from two AeroCom experiments, one with different (ExpA) and one with unified emissions, injection heights, and particle sizes at the source (ExpB). Surprisingly, harmonization of aerosol sources has only a small impact on the simulated inter-model diversity of the global aerosol burden, and consequently global optical properties, as the results are largely controlled by model-specific transport, removal, chemistry (leading to the formation of secondary aerosols) and parameterizations of aerosol microphysics (e.g., the split between deposition pathways) and to a lesser extent by the spatial and temporal distributions of the (precursor) emissions. The burdens of black carbon and especially sea salt become more coherent in ExpB only, because the large ExpA diversities for these two species were caused by a few outliers. The experiment also showed that despite prescribing emission fluxes and size distributions, ambiguities in the implementation in individual models can lead to substantial differences. These results indicate the need for a better understanding of aerosol life cycles at process level (including spatial dispersal and interaction with meteorological parameters) in order to obtain more reliable results from global aerosol simulations. This is particularly important as such model results are used to assess the consequences of specific air pollution abatement strategies.
N. Huneeus and O. Boucher. One-dimensional variational retrieval of aerosol extinction coefficient from synthetic LIDAR and radiometric measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 112:14303, July 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
The Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) [onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) platform] and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument (onboard the AQUA platform) will provide simultaneous measurements as part of the "AQUA-train," thus offering a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on aerosol properties and their spatial distribution. Here we investigate to which extent both the vertical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient and the aerosol bimodal size distribution can be retrieved from a synergetic use of the vertically-resolved lidar signal and the spectral radiance measurements. To this effect, a variational retrieval scheme based on a simplified radiative transfer model was developed. The extinction-coefficient profile for fine and coarse-mode aerosols was retrieved from synthetic observations of the profile of the attenuated backscatter lidar signal at two wavelengths and radiances at six wavelengths. Our method aims at minimizing a cost function which measures the departure of the solution to the observations. The adjoint method was applied to find the gradient of the cost function with respect to the input parameters. The retrieval scheme was tested under a realistic noise level and different microphysical perturbations. The retrieval of extinction-coefficient profiles, for fine and coarse particles, is successful if there is a predominance of fine particles. If coarse particles dominate over fine ones, the scheme retrieves the profile of the total extinction coefficient with a higher confidence than that of the fine mode. When perturbations on the aerosol microphysical properties are introduced, thus simulating a more challenging case with incomplete information of the aerosol model present in the atmosphere, the scheme shows a very good performance in terms of total extinction-coefficient retrieval but less success for individual modes. It retrieves the modal radii for both modes simultaneously but can not retrieve at the same time the refractive index and true-mode radii for both modes. Results also reveal that there is some prospect for improvement in the quality of the retrieval by either increasing the size of the predefined set of aerosol models or by including other sources of independent information such as Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER)-like measurements.
S. Verma, C. Venkataraman, O. Boucher, and S. Ramachandran. Source evaluation of aerosols measured during the Indian Ocean Experiment using combined chemical transport and back trajectory modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 112:11210, June 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
This work presents an analysis of aerosol measurements made during the Oceanographic Research Vessel Sagar Kanya cruise of January-March 1999, in the Indian Ocean Experiment intensive field phase (INDOEX-IFP), with regard to the aerosol chemical constituents and identification of source regions of their origin. This is done through a hybrid approach which uses an Eulerian forward transport calculation in a general circulation model (GCM) with region-tagged emissions along with an analysis of Lagrangian back trajectories and emission inventory information, for overlapping time periods. Back trajectory analysis showed that the ship was mainly influenced by air masses from the Indo-Gangetic plain, central India, or south India during the early part of its cruise with the GCM-predicted aerosol species composed of mainly sulfate and organic matter, whereas dust species dominated during its cruise in late February and early March over the Arabian Sea when the ship was influenced by air masses from Africa-west Asia or northwest India. However, a typical clean marine aerosol dominated by sea salt was encountered during February when the ship cruised in the tropical Indian Ocean and was mostly influenced by marine air masses. The high aerosol optical depth was due to roughly equal parts of organic matter and sulfate. Region-tagged GCM estimates showed the presence of distinct transport at surface and higher layers for, e.g., DOY 56-61 and 65-70, indicating strong signals of emissions of black carbon, organic matter, and sulfate originating in central and northwest India, whereas elevated transport channels of black carbon and organic matter from Africa-west Asia. This is consistent with the back trajectory analysis and in corroboration with INDOEX measurement studies which observed different aerosol properties from aircraft and ship attributed to different transport pathways in surface and elevated flows. However, back trajectory analysis is not sufficient to evaluate the major source regions contributing to the transported aerosol. The fractional contribution of a source region also depended upon the emission flux from the region and its proximity to the receptor domain.
M. S. Reddy and O. Boucher. Climate impact of black carbon emitted from energy consumption in the world's regions. Geophysical Research Letters, 34:11802, June 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
We have used the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique General Circulation Model (LMD GCM) to estimate the contribution of different regions to global black carbon (BC) atmospheric burden and direct radiative forcing (DRF). On the global scale, fossil fuels and biofuels account for 66% and 34% of energy-related BC emissions, respectively. East and South Asia together contribute more than 50% of the global surface, atmospheric, and top-of-atmosphere DRF by BC. The regional contributions to global mean forcings closely follow the respective contributions to atmospheric burden. The global warming potential (GWP) of BC for different regions ranges from 374 to 677 with a global mean of 480. Europe is the largest contributor (63%) to BC deposition at high latitudes. The indirect GWP due to the BC effect on snow albedo is estimated to be largest for Europe (possibly as large as 1200), suggesting that BC emission reductions from this region are more efficient to mitigate climate change.
J. G. L. Rae, C. E. Johnson, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, J. M. Haywood, and A. Jones. Sensitivity of global sulphate aerosol production to changes in oxidant concentrations and climate. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 112:10312, May 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
The oxidation of SO2 to sulphate aerosol is an important process to include in climate models, and uncertainties caused by ignoring feedback mechanisms affecting the oxidants concerned need to be investigated. Here we present the results of an investigation into the sensitivity of sulphate concentrations to oxidant changes (from changes in climate and in emissions of oxidant precursors) and to changes in climate, in a version of HadGAM1 (the atmosphere-only version of HadGEM1) with an improved sulphur cycle scheme. We find that, when oxidants alone are changed, the global total sulphate burden decreases by approximately 3%, due mainly to a reduction in the OH burden. When climate alone is changed, our results show that the global total sulphate burden increases by approximately 9%; we conclude that this is probably attributable to reduced precipitation in regions of high sulphate abundance. When both oxidants and climate are changed simultaneously, we find that the effects of the two changes combine approximately linearly.
G. Myhre, N. Bellouin, T. F. Berglen, T. K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, A. Grini, I. S. A. Isaksen, M. Johnsrud, M. I. Mishchenko, F. Stordal, and D. Tanré. Comparison of the radiative properties and direct radiative effect of aerosols from a global aerosol model and remote sensing data over ocean. Tellus Series B Chemical and Physical Meteorology B, 59:115-129, February 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
A global aerosol transport model (Oslo CTM2) with main aerosol components included is compared to five satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and one data set of the satellite-derived radiative effect of aerosols. The model is driven with meteorological data for the period November 1996 to June 1997 which is the time period investigated in this study. The modelled AOD is within the range of the AOD from the various satellite retrievals over oceanic regions. The direct radiative effect of the aerosols as well as the atmospheric absorption by aerosols are in both cases found to be of the order of 20 Wm-2 in certain regions in both the satellite-derived and the modelled estimates as a mean over the period studied. Satellite and model data exhibit similar patterns of aerosol optical depth, radiative effect of aerosols, and atmospheric absorption of the aerosols. Recently published results show that global aerosol models have a tendency to underestimate the magnitude of the clear-sky direct radiative effect of aerosols over ocean compared to satellite-derived estimates. However, this is only to a small extent the case with the Oslo CTM2. The global mean direct radiative effect of aerosols over ocean is modelled with the Oslo CTM2 to be -5.5 Wm-2 and the atmospheric aerosol absorption 1.5 Wm-2.
S. Verma, O. Boucher, M. S. Reddy, H. C. Upadhyaya, P. Le van, F. S. Binkowski, and O. P. Sharma. Modeling and analysis of aerosol processes in an interactive chemistry general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 112:3207, February 2007. [ bib | DOI | ADS link ]
An "online" aerosol dynamics and chemistry module is included in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model (LMDZ), so that the chemical species are advected at each dynamical time step and evolve through chemical and physical processes that have been parameterized consistently with the meteorology. These processes include anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, over 50 gas/aqueous phase chemical reactions, transport due to advection, vertical diffusion and convection, dry deposition and wet scavenging. We have introduced a size-resolved representation of aerosols which undergo various processes such as coagulation, nucleation and dry and wet scavenging. The model considers 16 prognostic tracers: water vapor, liquid water, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), methanesulphonic acid (MSA), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric acid (HNO3), ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sulfate mass and number for Aitken and accumulation modes. The scheme accounts for two-way interactions between tropospheric chemistry and aerosols. The oxidants and chemical species fields that represent the sulfate aerosol formation are evolved interactively with the model dynamics. A detailed description on the coupled climate-chemistry interactive module is presented with the evaluation of chemical species in winter and summer seasons. Aqueous phase reactions in cloud accounted for 71% of sulfate production rate, while only 45% of the sulfate burden in the troposphere is derived from in-cloud oxidation.
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