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INSPQ's site
Sexual Assault and the Media
Covering Sexual Assault in the Media
Main Messages to be Conveyed Concerning Sexual Assault
Understanding sexual assault
Sexual Assault: What is It?
Statistics - Prevalence youths
Statistics - Prevalence adults
Individual and Relationship Strategies
Community and Societal Strategies
Sexual Abuse of Young People in Sport
Online Pedophilia and Cyberspace
Sexual Assault by Women
Sexual Abuse in the Childhood of Perpetrators
Recidivism Among Perpetrators of Sexual Assault
False Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse
A number of studies have focused on the most widely held myths about sexual assault.1 Acceptance of these myths either by individuals or society as a whole has certain consequences, in particular:
Individuals are:
less inclined to identify a situation as being an instance of sexual assault, even if it meets the applicable legal criteria;
more likely to have a negative perception of victims of sexual assault; and
more apt to discourage a victim of sexual assault from filing a complaint.
Decision makers may be:
prone to enact inappropriate legislation.
Therefore, information transmitted by the media should be free of such myths. This is no easy task given that they can be spread in a number of subtle ways; for example, by drawing attention to certain aspects of a case of sexual assault, choosing inappropriate wording or making flawed interpretations. Here are several myths and misconceptions about sexual assault that have been tested against the facts.
Myth: Sexual assault is a serious problem, but it affects only a small number of people
Fact: Population surveys show that sexual assault is a widespread problem, especially in the case of minors, both in Québec and North America. To learn more
A 2006 study conducted on a representative sample of the Québec adult population showed that about one male out of 10 (9.6%) and almost one female out of four (22%) reported having been a victim of at least one sexual assault with physical contact before the age of 18, which is equivalent to 16% of the Québec population.2 These rates are comparable to those obtained in other North American studies.3,4
Based on the 2009 General Social Survey (GSS), it was estimated that 677 000 Canadian adults aged 15 or more (of which 472 000 were female) had been victims of at least one sexual assault, solely in the year prior to the survey, which corresponds to a rate of 24 incidents of sexual assault per 1 000 population aged 15 or more.5
Myth: Children who are victims of sexual abuse will suffer the effects of this trauma for the rest of their lives
Fact: Sexual abuse can have serious short- and long- term consequences for children who have been victimized, but certain conditions, such as the support of family and friends, are known to help victims cope. To learn more
Many studies have shown that childhood sexual abuse can have a wide range of consequences that carry into adulthood and across multiple spheres of functioning. In other words, not only can childhood sexual abuse have lasting effects throughout adulthood, but the effects can take new forms in adulthood, affecting marital and parental life as well.
However, it has also been shown that a number of victims of child sexual abuse have few sequelae once they reach adulthood. In fact, because a large proportion of children have protective factors that help them cope with trauma (e.g. personal skills, strategies for dealing with traumatic events, a quality relationship with a parent, the support of family and friends), they do not have affective problems that will be found to be serious enough to impair their functioning when they are assessed by professionals.7
Many experts believe that parental support is the single most important factor in helping sexually abused children adjust following the abuse and in reducing the risk of their developing symptoms, regardless of the characteristics of the abuse experienced. Parental support includes, in particular, believing the child and taking action following the disclosure of abuse.8,9
Myth: Many children make up stories of sexual abuse, as shown by the fact that many charges result in an acquittal
Fact: It is rare that children deliberately make false allegations of sexual abuse. In addition, since the burden of proof lies with the prosecution, an acquittal in the course of judicial proceedings does not necessarily mean that a crime has not been committed or that a victim has made untruthful accusations. To learn more
The number of false allegations of child sexual abuse is lower than the number of children who do not disclose such abuse or who lie by saying that it did not occur. In fact, intentionally fabricated false allegations by a child are very rare.10 For more information, see the fact sheet on false allegations of child sexual abuse.
Furthermore, it should be noted that in a criminal prosecution, the burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt rests with the criminal and penal prosecutor. The accused does not have to demonstrate that he or she is innocent.11 Therefore, an acquittal does not necessarily mean that a crime has not been committed or that a victim has made false allegations of sexual abuse. Such a verdict can result from a reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the accused, even if the victim has been deemed to be credible.
Myth: Individuals who commit sexual abuse against children are pedophiles
Fact: The term "pedophile" is often mistakenly used in the general population to refer to any person who sexually abuses children, whereas, in reality, only a minority of perpetrators of child sexual abuse meet the diagnostic criteria of pedophilia.12 To learn more
In fact, a sexual abuser of children may or may not meet the diagnostic criteria of pedophilia. The term pedophile is used, following a clinical diagnosis by a qualified professional, to refer to an individual who is 16 years of age or older, who has an exclusive or non-exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children (usually under 13 years of age) and who meets a specific set of criteria.13
Perpetrators of child sexual abuse are not a homogeneous group. They can be male or female; heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual; in a couple or single; from any ethnic background; or from different socio-economic backgrounds.12
Myth: An individual can have sexual relations with a person who is intoxicated by alcohol and not be accused of sexual assault
Fact: According to the Canadian Criminal Code, a person cannot consent to sexual activity if he or she is unable to express such consent, particularly when he or she is intoxicated by alcohol or drugs. To learn more
Consent is the voluntary agreement of a person to engage in sexual activity and it must be clearly demonstrated by words or conduct. A person cannot give consent, particularly if he or she is incapable of expressing it (e.g. because of a disability or intoxication); if he or she is in a situation where a position of trust, power or authority is being abused (e.g. by the use of threats); if he or she is in a relationship of dependency; or if he or she is under 16 years of age, except in certain specific cases. In addition, consent must be expressed by the person concerned; it is not valid when given by a third party.
It is important to note that the mere fact that a person accused of sexual assault says that he or she believed that the person had given his or her consent is not sufficient evidence to raise a defence of belief in consent.
Myth: An adult who suspects that a child has been a victim of sexual abuse should question the child about this
Fact: An adult who suspects a case of sexual abuse must be careful not to ask the child leading questions that might upset him or her further or contaminate the child's testimony. Any instance of suspected child sexual abuse must be reported to the Director of Youth Protection. To learn more
In such circumstances, the adult should avoid certain phrases, but at the same time, tell the child what he or she observes, such as changes in behaviour, and remain open and receptive. If the information confided to the adult suggests that sexual abuse is taking place or has taken place or if the adult has reason to believe that the child's security or development is in danger, he or she must report the situation to the Director of Youth Protection. It is not necessary to be certain that one's concerns are founded when reporting a case of suspected child sexual abuse. An adult who has doubts about whether the child's allegations are true must not attempt to obtain more information before notifying the authorities. It is not the adult's responsibility to make sure the child is telling the truth, but simply to report the situation.
Myth: Males are more biologically predisposed to committing sexual assault because they have a greater need to satisfy their sexual urges
Fact: The act of committing sexual assault is influenced by a number of factors, but it is not due to uncontrollable sexual urges. The reality is that many perpetrators of sexual assault are motivated by a need for power, dominance and control. It is also true that women are capable of committing sexual offences. To learn more
The wide variety of sexual assault behaviours and the different underlying motivations make it difficult to establish a typical sexual assault perpetrator profile. Males who sexually assault adult females are driven mainly by a desire for power and control rather than by their sexual impulses, especially in situations where the victim is their spouse or an acquaintance.14
Similarly, a large majority of sexual offences against children (between 70% and 80%) are premediated, which runs counter to the notion that uncontrolled impulses are what drive perpetrators of child sexual abuse.12
Lastly, it is estimated that females are responsible for about 5% of all sexual assaults.15
Myth: Males who are sexually abused as children will commit sexual assault when they reach adulthood
Fact: Even though about 25% of perpetrators of sexual assault were victimized as children, most victims of child sexual abuse will not go on to commit sexual assault themselves. To learn more
There is a firmly held belief in the general population that most perpetrators of sexual assault experienced sexual abuse as children and, therefore, that males who were sexually abused in childhood are more likely to commit sexual assault when they grow up. This belief feeds the theory that there is a "victim-to-perpetrator cycle." Current data suggest that childhood sexual abuse is more prevalent among sexual assault perpetrators than among the general public; however, the reality is that most victims of child sexual abuse do not go on to commit sexual assault. While a history of sexual victimization seems to be one of the risk factors that predisposes an individual to commit sexual assault, it does not provide sufficient explanation for most instances of this type of assault. In other words, having been sexually abused as a child does not seem to be either a necessary or a sufficient condition to sexually offend later on in life.16
This notion of the "victim-to-perpetrator cycle" should be treated with caution because a child who has been sexually abused could be stigmatized if it is claimed that he or she may go on to become a perpetrator of sexual assault.
There are many factors that can lead a person to commit sexual assault.3 For example, personal and family factors have been identified as increasing the risk that a sexually abused child will go on to perpetrate sexual assault. At the same time, these factors suggest that children who have received specialized treatment for abuse and have had sufficient support from their family and friends are less likely to develop sexually aggressive behaviour.
Myth: Most perpetrators of sexual assault are predators who are mentally disturbed and unlikely to be rehabilitated
Fact: Individuals who commit sexual assault are usually known to the victim, premeditate the crime, and in most cases, function normally in society. Following treatment, only a minority will reoffend. To learn more
The improper use of the term "sexual predator" can result in the mistaken belief that most sexual assaults are committed by people who are not known to the victim and who seek out and choose their victim at random. In reality, however, this is the case of only a very small proportion of perpetrators. In fact, child sexual abuse is almost always committed by individuals known to the victim, including family members and minors. (See the Statistics section To learn more about the prevalence and characteristics of sexual assault).
In addition, even though many perpetrators of sexual assault are more likely to have a number of personal and interpersonal problems, such as mental health issues like depression, anxiety or a personality disorder, most are people who function normally in society.
Lastly, it is difficult to determine the recidivism rate for sexual assault perpetrators, particularly because a large number of offences are not reported to the police. Nevertheless, several studies have indicated that less than 25% of people who commit sexual assault reoffend after a period of 15 years. These studies show that treatment may lower the risk of reoffending among perpetrators of sexual assault.
For a review, see: Lonsway, K.A. and Fitzgerald, L.F. (1994). Rape Myths. In Review. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18(2): 133-321.
Tourigny, M., Hébert, M., Joly, J., Cyr, M. and Baril, K. (2008). Prevalence and co-occurrence of violence against children in the Quebec population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 32(4): 331-335.
Tourigny, M. and Baril, K. (2011). Les agressions sexuelles durant l'enfance : Ampleur et facteurs de risque. In M. Hébert, M. Cyr, and M. Tourigny, eds., L'agression sexuelle envers les enfants Tome 1 (pp. 7-42). Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. (Available in French only)
Gorey, K.M. and Leslie, D.R. (1997). The prevalence of child sexual abuse: Integrative review adjustment for potential response and measurement biases. Child Abuse & Neglect, 21(4): 391-398.
Statistics Canada. (2010). Criminal victimization in Canada, 2009. S. Perreault and S. Brennan. Juristat, 85-002-X.
Cyr, M. and Payer, M. (2011). Les interventions curatives auprès des adultes ayant été victimes d'agression sexuelle pendant leur enfance. In M. Hébert, M. Cyr, and M. Tourigny, eds., L'agression sexuelle envers les enfants Tome 1 (pp. 303-332). Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. (Available in French only)
Thibodeau, C. and Lavoie, F. (2012). Influence d'une agression sexuelle vécue pendant l'enfance sur la santé physique à l'âge adulte. In M. Hébert, M. Cyr, et M. Tourigny, eds., L'agression sexuelle envers les enfants Tome 2 (pp. 225-258). Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. (Available in French only)
Hébert, M. (2011). Les profils et l'évaluation des enfants victimes d'agression sexuelle. In M. Hébert, M. Cyr, et M. Tourigny, eds., L'agression sexuelle envers les enfants Tome 1 (pp. 149-204). Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. (Available in French only)
Wolfe, V.V. (2007). Child Sexual Abuse. In E.J. Mash and R.A. Barkley, eds., Assessment of Childhood Disorders (4th ed.) (pp. 685-748). New York: Guilford Press.
Trocmé, N. and Bala, N. (2005). False allegations of abuse and neglect when parents separate. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(12): 1333-1345. In Cyr, M. and Bruneau, G (2012). Les fausses allégations d'agression sexuelle chez les enfants. Trousse média sur les agressions sexuelles.
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Appendix B, Part I of The Constitution Act, 1982.
Hall, R.C.W. and Hall, R.C.W. (2009). A profile of pedophilia: Definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues. Focus: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry, 7(4): 522-537.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Robertiello, G. and Terry, K.J. (2007). Can we profile sex offenders? A review of sex offender typologies, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12: 508-518.
See the fact sheet on sexual assault by women.
Whitaker, D.J., Le, B., Hanson, R.K., Baker, C.K., McMahon, P.M., Ryan, G., et al. (2008). Risk factors for the perpetration of child sexual abuse: A review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32: 529-548.


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NJ Supreme Court Releases Two New Decisions Discussing Consent Searches and Fernandez v. California
May 21, 2014 | By James S. Friedman, LLC
The New Jersey Supreme Court recently decided two cases that comment on the United States Supreme Court's decision in Fernandez v. California. These cases are important to understand the latest New Jersey developments in the important area of consent searches, and should be read carefully by all defense attorneys.
State v. Michael Lamb relies heavily upon Fernandez to validate a consent search. Pennsville police were investigating a shooting in a particular part of town, and their investigation eventually led them to Lamb's home. A detective came to the front door, and Lamb's stepfather emphatically instructed him to leave the property. Lamb's girlfriend then came to the door, and the police took her by her arm and removed her from the house while Lamb's father continued yelling at them to leave. The girlfriend told the police that Lamb was in the house hiding under a bed. Lamb's stepfather eventually left the home, and the police arrested him and removed him to a "safe area". Lamb's mother then insisted that he leave the house. He did so, and was arrested.
The police then approached the entrance and spoke with Lamb's mother, who ultimately signed a consent-to-search form and guided the officers to the room that Lamb occupied when he stayed at the house. There the officers located a handgun and a spare magazine. At a motion hearing, the mother testified that she consented to the search because the police threatened her. She testified further that she was upset because one of her other children was distraught, and because her son's behavior had brought the police to her home. She was also concerned that the police would tear her house apart while searching it. Thus, the record revealed serious issues concerning the circumstances under which the police obtained her consent. Nevertheless, the motion court rejected her testimony, credited the officer's version of events (which apparently asserted that the officers' conduct was not threatening or coercive, and that appropriate procedures were followed), found that the mother's consent was knowing and voluntary, and denied suppression.
This case differed factually from Fernandez in that Lamb's stepfather, as opposed to Lamb, objected to the search. As to this issue, the New Jersey Supreme Court acknowledged that there were no New Jersey cases which reviewed the constitutionality of a consent search in this factual context (e.g., where someone other than the defendant objected to the search). After making this observation, the Court went on to find that the search was valid because, among other things, the person objecting to the search (Lamb's stepfather) was not present and voicing his objection when Lamb's mother purportedly gave her consent. (Apparently, the Court did not believe that the police manufactured the circumstances under which the stepfather was removed from the scene, even though they removed him.)
Regardless of the factual distinction, Lamb's reasoning is consistent with Fernandez. As such, it is unlikely that the result would have been different had Lamb been the objecting party. (Given the fact that Lamb was hiding under a bed when the police came, it seems unlikely that he would have knowingly and voluntarily consented to a search.) But both Lamb and Fernandez are problematic for the same reasons. They both invite law enforcement to manufacture situations where an objector or potential objector to a consent search is removed from the scene, leaving the occupant who appears more likely to consent to fend for themselves with the police. The officers – many of whom are professional witnesses – then come into court for the suppression hearing and testify that all procedures were followed, and the motion judge finds that the consent was validly given and denies suppression.
Like Fernandez, Lamb ignores the simple fact that there is something patently wrong when someone with a legally cognizable interest in the property to be searched objects to the search in a manner that is clear and unequivocal, as well as contemporaneous with the police activity, and their objection is ignored because they left the scene – particularly when they departed from the scene because the police removed them. No amount of legal reasoning will change this.
The other recent New Jersey decision is State v. Byseem T. Coles, which relied, at least in part, on Fernandez to invalidate a consent search. Coles lived in his aunt's home in Camden. He had his own bedroom that was padlocked. One night in March, 2008, Coles was detained by police officers investigating a robbery in the area. The police held a show-up at which the victim could not identify him, and searched his person but found no evidence linking him to the robbery. However, they continued to hold him because he had no identifying documents. One of Coles' relatives was nearby (as was his home), and he asked the police to speak with that person to verify the address he had given them. But the police did much more than that. They also sought and received permission from his aunt to search Coles' bedroom, and found weapons unrelated to the robbery.
The Court concluded that Coles' detention ceased to be lawful after show-up failed to produce an identification, and after the search of his person failed to produce evidence of the robbery. Thus, when the police sought consent to search Coles' room, his detention was no longer lawful, and the circumstances surrounding the granting of consent to search his room were not objectively reasonable. Accordingly, and contrary to the motion court's conclusion, the search was unlawful and the weapons should have been suppressed.
The Coles Court noted that Fernandez: (a) reaffirmed that consent to search much be granted under circumstances that are objectively reasonable, and (b) the police cannot manufacture circumstances under which the defendant was not present at the scene to object to the search. The consent to search in Coles failed on both points. As noted above, the circumstances under which the aunt gave consent were not objectively reasonable, and Coles was not present to object to the search because by that point, the police were detaining him unlawfully. Thus, the Court relied on, among other things, Fernandez to reach the conclusion that the weapons should have been suppressed.
As the NJ Supreme Court found, there can be no dispute that Coles' continued detention was unlawful, and that the weapons discovered during the subsequent illegal consent search had to be suppressed. But the result in Lamb remains troublesome because of the manner in which the objecting party was removed from the scene. Any defense attorney who has moved to suppress evidence discovered during a consent search knows that these applications can be uphill battles. If at all possible, clients must be told that they should not consent to a search of anything. Since that is usually impossible, defense attorneys need to develop an understanding of the facts and circumstances surrounding the granting of consent as early as possible in the case. This means obtaining the discovery concerning the consent search (which should consist of more than just the signed consent form), and reviewing it thoroughly with the client. Finally, defense counsel needs to stay on top of the case law in this area, since Lamb and Coles are undoubtedly not or Supreme Court's final word on this subject.
Posted in: Search and Seizure

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Here's Why Portland Was Named the Most 'Miserable' City in Maine
Joey Updated: December 8, 2022
Sean Pavone
Earlier this year, the trends and tips website known as Travel A Lot made zero friends in the small town of Howland when they named it as the 'ugliest' in Maine. Travel A Lot is back again with a new blanket statement: Portland is the most 'miserable' city in the entire state. Before you prepare your snarky and mean-spirited tweet, Travel A Lot has some interesting reasoning behind their declaration.
Portland, Maine, USA downtown city skyline at dusk.
What Makes Portland So Miserable?
It really all boils down to the cost of living. It isn't exactly breaking news to hear that real estate in Portland is very expensive. Rental prices have sharply increased in recent years, partially because of a spike in property taxes, but also because of a general overall hike in single and multi-family home values. What may come as a bit of a shock is that nearly 1 out of every 5 people living in Portland are doing so below the national poverty level.
Downtown Portland, Maine, on June 21, 2019.
The money troubles in Portland are compounded by how expensive the city is in general. The cost of goods in Portland are roughly 15% more expensive than the national average. As touched on above, the cost of housing in Portland is 25% higher than the national average, leading to substantial misery.
It's Not All Bad for Portland
Travel A Lot gives Portland high marks for improving its crime rate over the last decade. Making neighborhoods safer is a key step to making property more desirable. Not mentioned by Travel A Lot is that Portland remains an international destination for food and beer, making it a prime location for summer homes for wealthier individuals.
historic city scenery seen in Portland, Maine (USA)
prill
13 Portland Restaurants that Closed in 2022
Below is a list of 13 restaurants that closed in 2022. They will be missed.
LOOK: Best Beers From Every State
To find the best beer in each state and Washington D.C., Stacker analyzed January 2020 data from BeerAdvocate, a website that gathers user scores for beer in real-time. BeerAdvocate makes its determinations by compiling consumer ratings for all 50 states and Washington D.C. and applying a weighted rank to each. The weighted rank pulls the beer toward the list's average based on the number of ratings it has and aims to allow lesser-known beers to increase in rank. Only beers with at least 10 rankings to be considered; we took it a step further to only include beers with at least 100 user rankings in our gallery. Keep reading to find out what the best beer is in each of the 50 states and Washington D.C.
Source: Here's Why Portland Was Named the Most 'Miserable' City in Maine
Filed Under: a lot, City, cost, evergreen, Expensive, Homes, Housing, Howland, Line, living, maine, miserable, Portland, Poverty, travel
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واژه‌های کلیدی: اسپرمیدین، تنش سرما، جوانه‌زنی، خیار.
1. اثنی‌اشری، م. و زکایی خسروشاهی، م. 1387. پلی‌آمین‌ها و علوم باغبانی. انتشارات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. 188 ص.
2. خوشخوی، م. 1386. گیاه افزایی (جلد اول). انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. 373 ص.
3. قاسمی گلعذانی، ک. و دلیل، ب. 1390. آزمون‌های جوانه‌زنی و قدرت بذر. انتشارات دانشگاه تبریز. 85 ص.
4. مبلی، م. و عقدک، پ. 1390. تکنولوژی پرورش سبزی‌های گلخانه‌ای (در کشت خاکی و بدون خاک). انتشارات ارکان دانش. 177 ص.
5. Amri, E. and Shahsavar, A.R. 2010. Response of lime seedling (Citrus aurantifolia L.) to exogenous spermidine treatments under drought stress. Australian Journal of Basic Applied Sciences, 4: 4483-4489.
6. Chien, Y.W. Chilling and freezing injury. Produce quality and safrty laboratory, USDA, ARS.
7. Gordon, V.S. 2009. Characterizing plastome variation and its contribution to chilling injury tolerance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Ph.D. thesis of Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics. University of Wisconsin- Madison.
10. Nayyar, H., Kaur, G. and Chander, S. 2004. Response of chickpea seed germination to spermidine treatment to overcome cold injury. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 11: 25-28.
11. Palavan-Unsal, N. 1995. Stress and polyamine metabolism. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, 21: 3-14.


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Q: Iterate over individual bytes then save it into a file without alternating the content I have a byte string returned from API and store in response.content
With small content, I can save it into a file with no problem using the following code
with open(save_path, 'wb') as save_file:
    save_file.write(response.content)

But for the larger file, it will cause Memory Error, So I tried not to read the content all at once, by using this code
with open(save_path, 'wb') as save_file:
    for x in response.content:
        save_file.write(bytes(x)) #the x from iteration seem to be converted to int so I convert it back

But the method above seems to alternate the content because it doesn't compatible with another library anymore (In my when Laspy try to read the saved file, laspy.util.LaspyException: Invalid format: h0.0 error appears)
How can I do it?

A: I see your problem on using bytes(x). change it to x.to_bytes(1, 'big') solve your problem
Use below code to reveal what difference
a = b'\xcf\x84o\xcf\x81\xce\xbdo\xcf\x82'
a.decode('utf-8') # τoρνoς

with open('./save.txt', 'wb') as save_file:
    for i in a:
        print(i.to_bytes(1, 'big')) # write it to file, not the others
        print(i)
        print(bytes(i))
        print('----')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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News / Special Reports
On 9/11: Difficult conversations with children
By Virginia Gunawan on September 12, 2014 at 9:38 am
Lori Crotty, 53, from Summit, NJ visited the 9/11 Memorial to commemorate the death of her husband on the attack. Photo by Virginia Gunawan
by Virginia Gunawan
As the nation mourned the 13th anniversary of September 11, a 9/11 widow still struggles to explain the loss to her three children.
"It has become a great event in the family and our lives definitely revolve around it but it is a difficult subject to talk about," said Lori Crotty, 53, of Summit, N.J. "At first, it was really hard for them to understand because they were so young."
Crotty lost her husband, Kevin Crotty, who worked on the 104th of the 2 World Trade Center on 9/11. She was left to raise three young children at that time, Megan, 7, Kyle, 5 and Sean, 2.
She encouraged them to be open about their feelings and tried to answer their questions but knows it may never be enough.
"I hope I taught them about good and bad," she said. "Not in the sense of, who's the bad person and who's the good person, but to be able to understand in the higher level of the worldly perspective."
Her youngest son, Sean, now 15, was with her yesterday to visit the newly opened 9/11 Museum, but he cannot talk about his father or the attack.
Other parents who visited Ground Zero yesterday had to face difficult conversations about the attack.
Robby Badruddin, 42, of Bandung, Indonesia, sat next to his son, Zoya, 12, and explained the memorial site. This is their first visit to the United States.
"I think we need to know where it is and what is left from the World Trade Center," he said. "Although I never really told Zoya anything about it, but it is still a part of the world history that will be remembered forever."
Zoya has heard briefly about 9/11 attacks from his friends and teachers. Coming from a Muslim majority country, the issue is less discussed with the same discourse as it has been in the States. Regardless, Zoya said, "I feel sorry for everyone who died. People should not die like this."
Robby Badruddin, 42, and his son, Zoya, 12, from Indonesia, visited the 9/11 Memorial in their first trip to the U.S. Photo by Virginia Gunawan,
Badruddin did not think that it was his obligation to talk to Zoya about the attacks, he said he could get the information from other sources.
"Besides, I want him to be able to find the truth," he said. "If he always come to me for the answer, I might only give him my truth."
A more formal educational program has been prepared by the 9/11 Tribute Center called Teaching 9/11. They have a toolkit with a lesson plans and personal stories of people who were affected by the event to be used by any school in the world. The toolkit is available on their website.
Director of Education and Exhibits at The Tribute WTC, Wendy Aibel-Weiss highlighted the problem.
"At that time, most students have not been born yet or they were too young to remember and parents have avoided the topic," she said.
"The toolkit could provide educators a comprehensive way of introducing the sensitive subject," she said.
A grandmother herself, the Park Slope, Brooklyn resident wanted to teach the younger generations about "great heroism when a city, a nation, and the world came together and recovered from it."
Tags: 9/11, children, families, victims
Author: Virginia Gunawan
Pingback: Virginia Gunawan » test
On 9/11: Bringing the message to childrenSeptember 12, 2014
As parents overdose, Pasco County schools becomes overburdenedMay 3, 2019
Trauma and anger fuel some women to fight against Kavanagh's nominationSeptember 21, 2018
Seeking comfort in the "Truth"September 12, 2018


Download the free trial version below to get started. doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software.We would like to show you description here but the site wont allow us. List of every word of the year selection released by dictionary. dictionary'first word of the year was chosen in .


The White House Millennium Council invited winners of the National Medal of the Arts, National Humanities Medal, National Medal of Science, National Medal of Technology, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Presidential Citizens Medal and Congressional Gold Medal to contribute to the National Millennium Time Capsule.
The invitation read, �You have been recognized for your contributions to the nation. Now I would like to ask you for another contribution: if you could choose just one item or idea to represent America at the end of the 20th century, and to be preserved for the future, what would it be? Or, if you have a specific prediction � or hope � for the future, what would you wish?
The White House Millennium Council invited state teachers of the year in all states and territories and the District of Columbia to include their students in contributing to the National Millennium Time Capsule.


This is a custom home for a local Breckenridge couple who needed a house with a reasonable, but generous amount of space upstairs for themselves, and an accessory unit apartment downstairs with an over-sized garage. Besides lots of toy and equipment storage in the garage, the husband needed space for his construction business tools and equipment. This home features passive solar design and photo-voltaic solar panels integrated into the roof.


This walk leaves the car park and follows a narrow road which leads to Scolty Woodland Park. Once in the woodland park the path through coniferous woodland starts off fairly level, then gradually begins to rise. The wooded area gives way to more open moorland covered with bracken and heather. The gradient increases and eventually the top of the hill is reached. From the top, the distant hills form a wonderful vista. Panoramic views into the valleys of the Rivers Dee and Feugh are impressive. Situated at the top of the hill is a memorial tower which can also be climbed. From the top of the hill the descent is quite steep and stony in places. The track continues back through a deciduous tree-lined path to complete a loop.
On leaving the forest park, the walk can be continued along a pavement to the Bridge of Feugh. This is a favourite spot from which to view the Falls of Feugh, which are crossed by a pedestrian bridge. From this bridge salmon can be seen leaping out of the water as they try to get farther upstream. A nearby car park has an information board about the life history of the salmon.
The walk ends with an easy stroll back along a pavement to the starting point.


WAYNE, Pa.—November 25, 2013— Evolve IP, The Cloud Services Company™, today announced it is now offering the entire line of Polycom® VVX® Business Media Phones. Coupled with the advanced features of Evolve IP's award-winning unified communications solution, the VVX phones with Polycom HD Voice™, enable businesses to be incredibly efficient and productive.
Enabling the demands of today's advanced communications users; the Polycom VVX Business Media Phone line is designed to work seamlessly with all of Evolve IP's integrated unified communications including mobility applications, instant messaging & presence, desktop video, Microsoft Lync integrations, call center applications and more. Phone specific applications include simplified provisioning, e-911 address registration, e-911 mobility, and Corporate Directory. Together, the Polycom VVX Business Media Phones with the Evolve IP applications offer end-users a complete Unified Communications experience.
The Polycom VVX 300, VVX 310, VVX 400 and VVX 410 Business Media Phones are powerful business media phones for today's office workers handling a low to moderate volume of calls delivering crystal clear communications, enhanced collaboration and personal productivity. The VVX 400 and VVX 410 provide a color option with more line appearances offering robust capabilities.
The Polycom VVX 500 and VVX 600 deliver best-in-class desktop productivity and unified communications for managers and executives who need a powerful, expandable office phone that keeps up with their multitasking and schedule-juggling. Both phones integrate real-time presence, advanced telephony, and business applications into a modern communications experience. The VVX 500 offers 12 line/speed dial keys while the VVX 600 features integrated blue tooth and 16 lines and line/speed dial keys.
Both the Polycom VVX 500 and VVX 600 phones feature a multi-touch, gesture-based user interface that makes navigation intuitive and easy. Training and multipoint communication applications are complemented by the Polycom VVX 500 and VVX 600 video playback capability for streaming content.
The Polycom VVX Camera is an add-on high quality video camera designed to complement the Polycom VVX 500 or VVX 600 desktop phones, providing face-to-face collaboration regardless of location with an exceptional personal video experience with high definition 720p resolution. True plug-and-play installation takes only seconds using the integrated USB port.
The Polycom VVX 1500D combines one-touch video calling, integrated business applications and advanced IP telephony into a flexible, future-proof Unified Communications (UC) solution. It features a simple-to-use touch screen interface, large 7-inch display and multiple adjustable elements including camera tilt, base height and screen angle to suit the user's preferences. The VVX 1500D easily connects to H.323 video endpoints, SIP telephony endpoints, and connects easily with all standards-based H.323 video conferencing systems, enabling mass adoption of business-grade video in the enterprise.
For more information about Evolve IP's phone options, visit: https://www.evolveip.net/phone-systems/phone-options/. For more information about Evolve IP's suite of cloud services, visit http://www.EvolveIP.net. For more discussion about how cloud services can improve business, visit Cloud IQ.


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HPH227 : What's the best way to build an airtight structure? – with Paul Jennings
HPH227 : What's the best way to build an airtight structure? – with Paul Jennings
September 19, 2018 by Lucy Cowell Leave a Comment
Air leakage expert Paul Jennings looks at how best to achieve that all important airtightness when using particular construction methods.
Interview with Paul Jennings
Paul Jennings is an air leakage expert with over 25 years experience. In our previous interview with him he explained how to achieve airtightness in low energy buildings. He also appeared in our documentary "The Future of Housing – and How Airtightness Can Help", taking a look at housing construction quality and building performance to see how they could be improved.
For this podcast, he looks at some of the issues with achieving airtightness in different construction types.
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)
Paul recently tested a bungalow that was built using Cross Laminated Timber. The airtightness is essentially in the timber, and in this bungalow there were up to 8 laminations in each of the panels. The roof was a sandwich panel with layers of lamination, insulation, and more laminations on top. With the panels being larger than standard OSB boards, there is less taping involved. Each panel is also very strong, and strengthened further when screwed together. The taping goes where the panels butt up to each other, around windows, ventilation ducts, sun pipes etc. Once you have taped to the timber you have airtightness.
Paul is starting to think that there is no need for a membrane on the outside. The CLT doesn't meet insulation values but he thinks it's perhaps easiest to insulate it externally and make it airtight on the inside.
Structural Insulated Panel Systems (SIPS)
Paul has experienced very good results with SIPS panels, which he feels have the potential to be very airtight. So far he hasn't seen anyone using the airtight OSB as one of the faces of a SIPS panel system, which he thinks could improve it further.
He explains there is a difference in results depending on whether foam is injected into the pre-made box, or whether a piece of foam is cut and put into a section of wood which then has sides added. The latter won't be as airtight.
SIPS panels can be a problem on site if they get saturated with water as they take such a long time to dry out, and the airtightness tapes do not adhere properly.
Masonry Construction
Masonry construction ticks the box of being a system that normal builders are used to building, where most materials can be sourced from a standard builders' merchant. Paul offers Denby Dale Passivhaus as a great example of this.
Paul explains that any construction with a cavity in, is a weakness for airtightness. If air can move laterally it can get around things and leak where you wouldn't expect it to. He prefers a masonry build that has a masonry wall which is ideally wet plastered for airtightness on the inside, with insulation and render on the outside.
"Because at that point, you have to have a continuous hole from the inside to the outside. You can't have a hole through the inner leaf, then air moving in which way it likes in a cavity and then coming out somewhere else. It's more robust for airtightness."
Paul points out that almost every masonry build has a timber frame roof, so as soon as you've opted for masonry construction you've doubled the number the number of build forms in your house anyway.
Paul emphasises how the more complicated a build is, the harder it will be to achieve the airtightness. There is greater scope for people on site getting confused, doing the wrong thing or not checking details properly.
Modular construction
This isn't a widely used construction method in the UK but there are increasing numbers of companies trying to develop it. The benefits of this method are that production has less of an issue with weather, shortage of trades people etc, than for on-site construction. The ones Paul has seen have been generally at a prototype stage with initial positive signs and great potential. He believes they will have to be built to be incredibly robust, as otherwise they wouldn't survive being craned on to a lorry, driven to the site and craned off again.
One of the big advantages of modular construction is there is less time spent on site, which means less financial impact from weather delays, and less overheads on things like site supervision, site cabins and toilets.
Airtight OSB is gaining in popularity
The trend that Paul is seeing at the moment is that membranes are losing out to the airtight Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and, for refurbishment particularly, to blowerproof paint. The most popular he currently sees in the market, and which he thinks are proving to be very successful, are the Durelis and the Propassiv.
"At the same time, the refurbishment market is a bigger market than the new build market. We need to tackle refurbishment and we need to tackle it better. And we're not. We're learning lessons but really we're taking our time over getting it and I don't think we can afford that time."
Choose the right tape for the job
Choose the right manufacturer, and the right tape. For example, don't try and use 50mm tape to cover a gap of 60mm. Choose one that is wide enough for the gap.
Paul believes the two best products for airtightness are produced by SIGA and Pro Clima. But no matter how good the tapes, most important of all is how well they're applied.
Plan early and get advice from the experts
"You really want to get your designing done early, get your planning done early and then don't mess with it. Because every time you change it, there will be unforeseen consequences. Usually those will be things that make your airtightness worse or harder at least."
Paul encourages self builders to take advantage of the Passivhaus Open Days and talking to the people who have built them. There are also the AECB and UK Passivhaus conferences that people can attend and find out more about the network of experts.
"There are networks of people and a lot of them are very committed people. They give their time, they give their energy and they often don't charge as much as they should for it, because they believe in it."
Visit the website of Design Buro
Download the transcript of the interview with Paul Jennings.
Filed Under: Podcast Tagged With: air leakage, Airtghtness, Aldas, CLT, Durelis, low energy buildings, modular construction, OSB, Passive House, passivhaus, Pro Clima, Propassiv, self build, SIGA, SIPs, The Future of Housing
HPH177 : Redeveloping a brown field site for a contemporary home – with Ruth Butler
Architect Ruth Butler shares the story of building a contemporary Passivhaus on an overlooked, brownfield site.
Interview with Ruth Butler
Ruth has been an architect for a number of years and was previously a partner at a practice in London. Part of the reason that she and her engineer husband left London for the south coast, where she has been running Ruth Butler Architects for several years now, was for the opportunity to build their own home.
Planning permission on a previous plot helped fund this project
After a long search they found a back garden plot but weren't able to get planning permission on it for what they wanted to live in. Instead they decided to opt for a design that would get planning permission, and sell the land for a profit which they could use to bankroll the first few months build on their new site.
Clearing the brownfield site was an opportunity, rather than a constraint
The site had been the regional headquarters of St. John's Ambulance and had a big, robust garage building on it which used to house the ambulances. The existing garage was knocked down and the component parts recycled into the build, with the brickworks being recycled into the hardcore, and the steel beams being used to build their own garage.
One of the most significant constraints was that it was surrounded by 13 different neighbours, who were all keen to challenge anything being built on the site because of concerns for their own privacy. Ruth approached the neighbours and made it clear they were a family, not developers, and were keen to make their future there. She emphasised that she wasn't interested in overlooking them, any more than they weren't interested in being overlooked by her. By making a model of the proposed building and neighbouring properties, they were able to demonstrate how the property would look and how it would impact on the surroundings.
Ruth and her husband enjoyed the challenge that the privacy issues and clearing the brownfield site threw up:
"The more constraints, the better the design has got to be to overcome them."
Preparing the planning application took around a year, with getting the neighbours on side and getting the design right. The planning authority were supportive of the application, despite being a contemporary piece of architecture in a traditional setting, and they were granted planning permission without any problems or delays.
Design should complement the site and complement the way you want to live
Originally they would have liked a single storey dwelling, but the site wasn't big enough and they also needed the height to shield some of the views from neighbours. Instead, the house has an L-shaped design which encloses a walled, entirely private courtyard garden. Traditionally entrance halls were used for draft-proofing, but with a Passivhaus that function isn't required so they were able to re-think the entrance to their home. As you enter the front door you come directly into the kitchen, with the dining room and living room being at either end of the L-shape.
A pre-fabricated structure was chosen for a faster build
After selling their house to fund the project, they needed to rent while they were building so it was important to build quickly. They chose a cross-laminate timber structure which was pre-fabricated in Austria. It was erected and weather-tight in just 4 days on site. Completing the interior fit-out and exterior cladding took the whole build process to a total of 7 months.
The design challenged Passivhaus stereotypes
Although Ruth and her husband had been interested in Passivhaus they weren't entirely sure they would be able to achieve it on this build. The site demanded a substantial size of building and their completed design is at least double the Passivhaus form factor rules. To ensure they have enough light in the single storey elements they have used roof lights and they have added more insulation to the roof and walls than they might otherwise have done. Where they have a large amount of glazing to create a good indoor-outdoor flow they have used sailcloth for shading which can be taken down in the autumn and deployed when it is needed.
The house has a Passivhaus cat-flap which is super-insulated and programmable to and operated by an ID chip on the individual cat. They don't come cheap though, at around £1,800 installed!
"I think it's really important that Passivhaus, you can prove that you can do good bespoke site-sensitive designs and still meet the Passivhaus standard. I don't want to see a world full of very square, boxy solutions to Passivhaus designs, I want to see buildings that respond to their sites."
The Landscape Architect was given design freedom
Ruth says that her clients would ideally give her a clear brief, knowing what they want to achieve and their functional requirements, without second-guessing what the design of their building might look like, as that essentially is part of her role. So when it came to the landscaping she was happy to give her Landscape Architect John Brooks a clear brief and the freedom to design it how he wanted.
"But I had been to see some of his work and I had made some assumptions in my mind as to how I thought he might tackle it and he entirely surprised me and came up with a design that took my breath away really."
Ruth shares some helpful tips…
It is important to design the inside and outside in tandem.
Get the team right in the first instance. Their contractor hadn't done Passivhaus before but that wasn't important to Ruth. What mattered was whether they had the right attitude, and that applies to the whole design team.
…and lessons learned
If doing the project again she would:
Change some of the technical details, such as instead choosing a pre-fabricated insulated slab.
Use cross-ventilation in the bedrooms. The bedrooms are currently slightly warmer than she would like them to be.
Visit the website of Ruth Butler Architects
Follow Ruth Butler on Twitter
Ruth's building contractor – Nicholas Coppin Limited
Ruth's landscape architect – John Brooks
Download a transcript of the interview with Ruth Butler.
Filed Under: Podcast Tagged With: brownfield site, building constraints, CLT, cross-laminated timber, energy efficient home, home, homes, house, houses, Landscape Architect, Passive House, passivhaus, pre-fabricated home, Ruth Butler Architects, self build
HPH107 : What Does it Take to Create Sustainable Neighbourhoods? – with Jon Broome
November 11, 2015 by Lucy Cowell Leave a Comment
Jon Broome of Jon Broome Architects explains his work with community self-build groups, and the development of a sustainable neighbourhood he is currently involved with in Lewisham.
Interview with Jon Broome
Jon first got involved in self-build projects back in the 1970s with Water Segal, the pioneering designer of lightweight timber construction for self-building. Since then he has continued working with groups in South London and elsewhere building housing co-ops, and is currently involved in a project with a Community Land Trust development in Lewisham.
The Influence of Walter Segal Has Yet to be Fully Realised
Jon estimates there have been up to 300 houses in the UK which have been inspired by Walter Segal's principles of simple and economical building.
"And that opened up a whole range of possibilities which I think are yet to be realised fully actually."
Walter's Way, Lewisham – the first group self build project to use the Segal method of construction
Since the 90s however, interest has waned with what Jon sees as people's preoccupation with building trends changing, such as pre-fabricated housing or custom building.
In the UK we Struggle to Create Neighbourhoods
Jon is concerned that buildings should perform well, be low energy, sustainable, comfortable, light and airy and well ventilated. These are all things which he says we can do, however in the UK what we are less able to do well is create neighbourhoods which are convivial and support comfortable social living arrangements.
Currently the private sector deliver what a lot of people want and can afford, and the public sector deliver a limited number of affordable homes. Jon says there is a big area in between which doesn't necessarily satisfy what people want. They tend to be of a price they can't afford, not very well built, small, not energy efficient and generally not desirable. The idea of sustainable neighbourhoods is that it brings good building together with residents who can have control over the major decisions affecting how much they cost, and how they're designed and built.
"It's to do with low energy building. It's to do with sustainable development. It's to do with, I don't know, just living in a convivial way in a city which normal housing arrangements don't encourage I don't think."
A Community Land Trust Might be an Option to Consider
Jon is involved with the RUSS Community Land Trust development in Lewisham. They have recently acquired a site from the local authority in Lewisham and will be making a number of different options available, including affordable rental accommodation, and shared ownership and shared equity dwellings with buy in between 25% and 80% ownership. The Community Land Trust retains some of the equity to ensure that the development remains affordable and that dwellings don't migrate into the private sector where escalating prices would inevitably follow.
They are encouraging a high degree of self-build because of the benefits it can produce, including significantly reduced costs together with a huge amount of self-confidence and sense of self-achievement from designing and building your own home.
"I think what matters more than anything else is having a feeling of being in control of their destiny and knowing how the building is and how and why it's designed in the way it is, how it can be changed, developed, improved. It's just being in touch with your immediate living surroundings."
As architects for the project, Jon Broome Architects have started by working up ideas of what affordable housing means to who and aligning the cost of people's housing with their income, rather than with the value on the open market. They are ensuring the houses will be cheap to run and concentrating on the sustainability of the development as a whole with bike provision and shared electric cars. They are making sure it is a mixed community of congenial people who want to live in a supportive environment. And while the self-build approach will reduce costs, it will also create opportunities for people to acquire skills and improve their employment prospects.
They will be taking all of this and translating it into a design brief and make plans for the flats and houses, method of construction (which also needs to be capable of unskilled people on site), contractual arrangements, legal frameworks, financial arrangements, building standards, planning etc.
Satisfaction is Not Prioritised by Developers and Policy Makers
While there are undoubtedly people out there who don't want to get involved in a process which can be complicated and time consuming and are happy to buy a standard developer home, there are others which generally aren't catered for who want the satisfaction and long lasting benefits of quality of construction, design and maintenance. For those people generally the opportunities to design and build for themselves are all too rare.
Self-Provision of Housing on the Continent Remains Strong
Jon has recently been to Germany and estimates that over half of housing is of this kind. In Berlin he thinks around 10% of new housing in the city is produced by groups of people getting together to design and commission the housing, but not necessarily building it. The process is aided by the city government which holds regular meetings for interested people, and is encouraged by the financial systems which are willing to lend on schemes that they know are being professionally managed and developed.
Land can be compulsorily purchased by local authorities who then put in the infrastructure and sell it at a profit which gets ploughed back into housing development to groups who then build. There is a fixed price for the land and the successful party is the one that can bring most quality to the development, such as social provision, value for money, quality of dwellings etc.
Jon feels that important lessons can be learned from this continental approach, in terms of how groups and design processes are organised, about communicating and controlling costs effectively.
What Matters is Getting Developments on the Ground That You Can Experience
Jon agrees that this way of living won't be for everybody, but there's a significant number of people to whom it suits very well. By getting successful developments on the ground that people can look at and demonstrate what the possibilities are in an urban environment, Jon is hopeful that people will see that there's something in it.
Jon cites the example of Ashley Vale in Bristol, as being a similar case of people having a vision and determination to improve their housing circumstances.
While the local authority in Lewisham have been supportive, the process of securing land for the development has been lengthy and costly. The site is also not without its difficulties and while the price for the land is not what it would be on the open market, it recognises the social benefits and what will be involved in terms of energy standards and sustainability.
We're keen to follow how this development progresses, so keep an eye out for part 2 at some point in the future!
Follow Jon Broome Architects on Twitter
Jon Broome Architects
Rural Urban Synthesis Society
Download a transcript of the interview with Jon Broome.
Challenging Times on a Build
Ben is keen to hear from other self-builders who, for one reason or another, have hit challenging times on their projects. He would like to collate these experiences in a blog for others who might be facing similar issues and to give encouragement to keep persevering with it! Please get in touch if you would like to be involved.
Filed Under: Podcast Tagged With: CLT, co-housing, co-op, Community Land Trust, community self-build, energy efficiency, Jon Broome Architects, Lewisham, RUSS, sustainability, sustainable neighbourhood, Walter Segal


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Q: Mobile option to view site in fullscreen (wordpress theme: twentytwelve) I have modified the twentytwelve theme for its responsiveness on a website. I like it, but my client would also like the OPTION on a mobile to view the website in full width.
Is that possible? Maybe with a plugin?
Maybe somehow I can put a link on the mobile website which removes the "viewport" meta tag so it'll be viewed in full screen?

A: To create a version of the website that is NOT responsive you can go into TwentyTwelve's style.css file and edit the media queries.
Scroll down to the media queries section and edit the "min-width" property, which is by default set to 600px.
Basically that query is saying that for every browser width larger than 600px, the full desktop version of the site will be shown.
If you change the min-width to be 1px, for example, the desktop version will always be shown.


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I can't believe you people are so slow, I figured this one out years ago: if you want to make it absolutely sure you're having fun, the only possible solution is to not play a single clanwar, ever. So simple.
nah cws add spice.. you are inactive, because you don't cw..
You're just boring and narrow-minded.
So 1st you start a discussion and then you delete all the posts? Fu*k logic!


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Photo Imaging News is comprised of a team of highly experienced people exhibiting a wide range of talents. Because we are an international company we work without boundaries or time zones. In order to assist you with your needs e-mail us directly. Or, for added convenience we have brief bios below that includes each member's contact information.
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Abe is a founding member, Past President of the World Council of Professional Photographers (WCPP). The WCPP is an international umbrella organization for professional photographer associations.
Under Abe's stewardship the WCPP initiated "Imaging Futures," a series of programs on electronic imaging. The series has been presented in the U.S., Israel, France, Ireland and Singapore. He has been instrumental in organizing major international meetings and conventions in The Netherlands, Spain, Ireland, Israel, and Austria. The main focus of Abe's work with the WCP has been photographic education, copyright issues and the photographer's rights in the ever changing IT environment.
CONTACT INFORMATION – Abe Orlick
11664 E Caron Street
Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
e-mail: aorlick@cox.net
Elmo Sapwater brings with him over 35 years of technical expertise and publishing experience. Elmo has demonstrated the effectiveness of combining still video/digital imaging within various environment including digital publishing; assisted in "The Day in the Life of America" book project. His other achievements include having design and developed an electronic photography platform for criminal investigative purposes, taught traditional/digital imaging at the college level; created the world's first publication dedicated to digital imaging, editor of two U.S. photography magazines; and developed multimedia kiosks in Europe for the Montreux Jazz Festival. Elmo has also photographed extensively throughout many areas of the world and is the current editor of Imaging Insider and co-host of the podcast, Photo Trash Talk.
CONTACT INFORMATION – Elmo Sapwater
1436 Baker Ave
Niskayuna NY 12309
e-mail: imaginginsider@gmail.com
Being On-Point all the time
A Locksmith in Miami You Can Trust!
Why Should You Buy A Humidifier
Why And How You Should Maintain Your Shower Heads
Best Innerspring Mattresses
Great Backpack Recommendation


Who are your most likely customers? You CANNOT say everyone! Not everyone will like what you have to offer.
Are they wealthy? Middle class? Young? Old? Near? Far?
Where to they hang out in the real world and online?
What other things to they like?
The primary customer for David is between the ages of 25 and 65.
Customers tend to be middle class income to high income demographics.
David's customers frequent art galleries but could also participate in motorcycle rallies. The customer may own a motorcycle.
David's customers may also have Hispanic backgrounds because for the Day of the Dead influences.


text:
Q: How to check null reference in lambda expression in .net i am processing xml file by using following code,but how to check null reference exception which i used to get
var main = System.Xml.Linq.XDocument.Load("1.xml");

string localcellid = main.Descendants()
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeBCell_eNodeB"))
    .Descendants("parameter")
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "LocalCellId"))
    .Attribute("value").Value;

string eNodeBId = main.Descendants()
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeB_eNodeB"))
    .Descendants("parameter")
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeBId"))
    .Attribute("value").Value;

A: As Nikosi said, every FirstOrDefault has the potential to return null and you need to take this into account.
You can check it ahead (I added only 1 check as example):
var eNodeBCell_eNodeB = main.Descendants()
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeBCell_eNodeB"));

if (eNodeBCell_eNodeB != null)
{
    string localcellid = eNodeBCell_eNodeB
        .Descendants("parameter")
        .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "LocalCellId"))
        .Attribute("value").Value;
}

Or you can use null-conditional operator (?.):
string eNodeBId = main.Descendants()
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeB_eNodeB"))
    ?.Descendants("parameter")
    .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Attributes().Any(a => a.Value == "eNodeBId"))
    ?.Attribute("value").Value;

Anyway you will need to check for null values of those values later.


text:
<!-- Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.

     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     You may obtain a copy of the License at

          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     limitations under the License.
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           title="Building"/>
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           title="Modifying Assets"/>
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        <tab type="user" url="@ref games_in_motion_guide_core"
             title="Core and GUI"/>
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             title="Mission System"/>
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             title="Google Api"/>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Brilliant: The Evolution of Artificial Light
by Jane Brox
In BRILLIANT, award-winning author Jane Brox offers a sweeping history of our transformative relationship with light—from the stone lamps of the Pleistocene to LEDs embedded in fabrics of the future—and reveals that the surprising, complex story of our illumination is also the story of our modern selves.
Just five hundred years ago almost everyone lived at the mercy of the dark, yet today so much of life as we know it—our long evening hours, our flexible working days, our feelings of safety at night—depends upon cheap, abundant light. Brox not only examines the social and environmental implications of this remarkable transformation, she tells a compelling story imbued with human voices, startling insights, and timely questions about how the light of the future will shape our lives.
Jane Brox is the author of three other books: CLEARING LAND: LEGACIES OF THE AMERICAN FARM; FIVE THOUSAND DAYS LIKE THIS ONE, which was a 1999 finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award in nonfiction; and HERE AND NOWHERE ELSE, which won the L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award. She has received the New England Book Award for nonfiction, and her essays have appeared in many anthologies including Best American Essays, The Norton Book of Nature Writing, and the Pushcart Prize Anthology. She has been awarded grants from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Massachusetts Cultural Council, and the Maine Arts Commission. Jane Brox has taught at Harvard University and Bowdoin College and is currently on the nonfiction faculty of Lesley University's low-residency MFA Program in Creative Writing. She lives in Brunswick, Maine.
Visit the author
Visit the publisher
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010
AmazonBarnes & NobleGoogle PlayIndieboundKoboPraise "Jane Brox takes this curious, thin slice of history and makes of it a dazzling epic...." — Time Magazine
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National Book Critics Circle Award Nonfiction Finalist, 1999 Amid the turmoil after her father's death […]
Here and Nowhere Else: Late Seasons of a Farm and Its Family
Winner of the 1996 L. L. Winship/PEN New England Award After years of living away […]
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With precision and grace, award-winning author Jane Brox traces the evolution of silence in society. Through the specific histories of the Senanque monastery in France and the first silent prison, Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, SILENCE (Houghton Mifflin, 2019) explores the harrowing power of silence and our often fraught relationship with communication and solitude.
Clearing Land: Legacies of the American Farm
A Best Book of the Year: The Chicago Tribune, The Boston Globe, and The Atlanta Journal-Constitution […]


text:
Lei'd
The 200 or so guests were abundantly forewarned in the invitation: "Prepare To Get Lei'd!"No joke. (Photo by: PBCHRC) Congresswoman Lois Frankel and constituent As each...
Manchester United in Georgetown
For the last two days, Georgetown University has hosted one of the biggest soccer clubs in the world. As a lead up to an International Champions Cup match, the Hoyas hosted Manchester United...
Attention Space Jam Fans
Patrick Ewing is Georgetown University's men's basketball coach, as announced Wednesday. But for many kids, especially younger ones, that's not the real attention-getter...
Secretary Madeleine Albright Makes CARE Pitch for Refugees
Making the case for more refugees to be permitted into the USA, former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said she has driven across the nation "and it's a very large country...
Palm Beach Political Consultants Launch Firm Near Winter White House
Long-time Washington-area political consultant Daryl Glenney, a Georgetown University alumna, has launched a new firm in Palm Beach, Fla., to encourage more women to run for – and win...
Georgetown's Campus Plan Approved Quickly
By Brady HoltCurrent Staff WriterWhen universities seek approval for their campus plans — multi-year outlines of their operations and upcoming development projects — it typically takes...
Georgetown University Announces 2017 Legacy of a Dream Recipient
Georgetown University announced the 15th annual John Thompson Jr. Legacy of a Dream Award recipient, Abel Enrique Núñez, Executive Director of Washington, D.C. nonprofit, the Central American...
Zoning Panel Denies Campus Plan Fast-Track
By Brady HoltCurrent Staff WriterGeorgetown University and its neighbors have worked hard to form a collaborative campus plan, crafting a compromise agreement prior to the school's zoning...
GU Hospital Project Wins Concept Nod
By Brady HoltCurrent Staff WriterA proposed addition and other changes at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital recently won conceptual approval from the Old Georgetown Board, and broad community...
Georgetown University Plans to Address History of Slavery & Engage Descendants
Following the establishment of a working group in September 2015, Georgetown University President John J. DeGioia announced today its report and next steps in the university's ongoing process...


Every time Marvel shares a new batch of footage from Avengers: Endgame, the internet loses its mind all over again. But now that we've had two trailers and one TV spot, many fans are ready to wait until the film's actual release to see more.
This feeling of wanting to see more and not wanting to see more will no doubt be relatable to many an MCU fan, though it's not long now before they can put such inner conflict to rest. In the meantime, we can probably expect the odd TV spot to emerge with a little fresh footage, but for the most part, Marvel will be saving their biggest reveals for when Avengers: Endgame hits theaters on April 26th.


DAMM Systems & Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
Hundreds of successful projects worldwide have proved the durability and cost-effectiveness of our solutions. They have also earned us a reputation for providing the most scalable, flexible, future-proof and user-friendly infrastructure on the market.
VIDEO CASE: DAMM System Partner, Consort Digital, provides state of art TETRA Communication System for the Simhastha Mahakumbh 2016 held in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. Watch the video on benefits and technology provisioned for organizing the largest human gathering in the world.
CASE: A secure TETRA radio communication system providing reliable coverage 24/7 to the largest TOTAL refinery in the world. Securing workers safety and improving performance, with a true TETRA solution and full asset management system.
ARTICLE: São Paulo's Guarulhos International Airport is showing the way for mission-critical radio communications in Brazil. Gilson Pozzati, of DAMM Cellular, talks to Richard Lambley from Critical Communications Today.
ARTICLE: DAMM's decentralized network architecture enables mission-critical networks to grow quickly, while keeping total cost of ownership to a minimum.
ARTICLE: Upgrading installations and migrating to new platforms is not without challenges. It requires time and investment. How will you prioritise your critical radio communications spend to better run, grow and transform your business?
ARTICLE: FMG has implemented DAMM TetraFlex® systems to support the company's entire Western Australia mining and rail transportation operation.
DAMM Systems & Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within the airport sector. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM Systems & Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within the transport & logistics sector. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM Systems & Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within the harsh environments of Oil & Gas Refineries, Power Plants and other Utility Plants. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within the harsh environments of mining. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of operator system setups. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within public safety, military and civil security systems. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within Industries ranging from the harsh environments off-shore projects to Construction and Manufacturing sites. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within the harsh environments of oil & gas refineries. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
Damm's TetraFlex® Solutions have been deployed for a wide range of projects within small scale commercial applications. Please find a selection of systems provided by our worldwide network of partners below, or contact one of our partners to learn more about how we can meet your specific communication needs.
DAMM has been featured in articles in different industry-specific magazines. Please find a selection of features and articles below.


text:
Luís Viana, born Luíz Vianna, (30 November 1846 - 6 July 1920) was a Brazilian politician and magistrate.

References

1846 births
1920 deaths
Governors of Bahia
Candidates for Vice President of Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Massandra Palace is a Châteauesque villa of Emperor Alexander III of Russia in Massandra, at the south coast of Crimea.

Construction of the building started in 1881 and was funded by the son of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, , who had recently returned from the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War. The construction of the palace that was initially designed by French architect Étienne Bouchard in the Louis XIII style was soon suspended after the death of Prince Semyon Mikhailovich Vorontsov.

In 1889 the unfinished palace was bought by the  for Alexander III of Russia.  The new owner commissioned his favorite architect Maximilian Messmacher to modernize the villa's design. Although Massandra was listed among imperial residences, no royals ever stayed there over night (rather preferring the neighboring Livadia Palace).

After the October Revolution and before World War II, the residence was used as a government sanatorium "Proletarian Health" for people ill with tuberculosis. After World War II it was used as a state cottage (dacha) under the name "Stalinskaya".

After the fall of the Soviet Union, Massandra Palace was used as one of the Ukrainian official residences where were signed the Massandra Accords in 1993. In 2014 after the Russian annexation of Crimea, the residence was taken over by the Russian Presidential Affairs Administration. A bust of Alexander III was unveiled in front of the villa in 2017.

Gallery

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Crimea
Museums in Crimea
Palaces in Ukraine
Official residences in Ukraine
Royal residences in Ukraine
Government buildings in Ukraine
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Crimea


Also known as the Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana), is a popular houseplant and required low maintenance and low light. Lucky Bamboo is considered very lucky according to Chinese Feng Shui and Vaastu. Keeping lucky bamboo at your home attracts good fortune and also restores the flow of chi at your place..


text:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using CommunicationLibrary;
using Scada.AddIn.Contracts;

namespace AddInCommunicationSample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Implements the alarm service
    /// </summary>
    public class AlarmService : MarshalByRefObject, IAlarmService
    {
        private AlarmData[] _lastSelectedAlarmList;

        /// <summary>
        /// c'tor
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="project">The zenon project</param>
        internal AlarmService(IProject project)
        {
            project.AlarmMessageList.SelectionChanged += (sender, args) =>
            {
                _lastSelectedAlarmList =
                    args.SelectedItems?.Select(a => new AlarmData {Text = a.Text, VariableName = a.VariableName}).ToArray();
            };
        }

        public override object InitializeLifetimeService()
        {
            // Ensure that the service is not released
            return null;
        }

        public AlarmData[] GetLastSelectedAlarmList()
        {
            return _lastSelectedAlarmList;
        }
    }
}


Golden Retriever was brutally attacked by woman while riding her electric bike. The dog got a fright and spun around and saw a person on the ground waving their arms in the air and screaming. In my opinion I think the dog saw this as a game because he was wagging his tail the entire time.
The dog mouthed one of her waving arms. As she tried to pull away screaming that she was being killed, the dog shook his head as he would do to a toy; still wagging his tail.
But it doesn't have to be this way. Over the last few years, online lending has earned itself a bad reputation. The internet leaves many people vulnerable to fraud, so you should always exercise caution when inputting your financial details. The best way to make sure your information remains safe is to find a secure, reliable lending platform.
Meanwhile, any lenders that do accept you with bad credit will charge extortionate interest rates because of your history, making it more difficult for you to meet your monthly repayment obligations - thus worsening your situation. This is a trap that many people fall into, and it gives online installment lenders a bad name.
However, this doesn't need to be the case. If you can find yourself a reliable lending platform, you will be connected to a secure network of trustworthy lenders who can offer sensible solutions to your borrowing needs. Many of these lenders will assess your application, even if your credit file isn't perfect or your income is lower than average.
Even those who receive benefits as a form of income will be able to apply, giving everyone a fair and carefully considered chance of borrowing money. In these cases, applicants won't be accepted for higher loans than they can afford to pay back, and interest rates will be low, meaning there is a better chance of managing repayments.
Willow Loans is the world's largest online loan provider for those with bad credit. The company provides a simple, online application process to ensure clients receive a quick and responsible decision regarding their borrowing needs. Willow Loans allows its clients to improve their credit scores by seeking the best individual offers that are best suited to their personal circumstances. Customers have praised them time and time again for their professional, helpful approach to lending, with many clients benefiting from their personal approach. Willow Loans provides a secure, friendly online environment for those looking to procure a loan with unbeatable customer service.
2 Responses to "Golden Retriever was brutally attacked by cruel woman while she is riding"
Who are those savages beating the dog over and over, while he's totally defenseless? Give me those clubs, and let me wham away at their ugly heads.