text:
Clay Aiken – "Bursting With Charm"
A quick apology for the video in Tuesday's Blog.
I did try it before I published it. I cannot even figure out why it was not allowed and the song is OK…ODD!
One of my favorite performances by Clay Aiken was his role in the musical, The Drowsy Chaperone. Playing the role of The Man In The Chair, Clay returned to the North Carolina Theatre from May 7 – 12, 2013 to star in the show
The character, Man in the Chair, is a Broadway fanatic who is agoraphobic and a loner. He listens to the recording of the Broadway show, hoping that it will cure his profound sadness. The Man in the Chair provides a running commentary throughout the show.
At the end of the musical, the Man in the Chair is disappointed that the show is over. He begins to sing and is finally joined by the rest of the cast who cheer him and a sing with him.
The Drowsy Chaperone is a play-within-a-play crammed full of every cliché, gag and gimmick from the golden age of musicals.
Clay got many positive reviews for his performance. The production was a critical success and most of the critics feel it was one of the best shows in the history of the NC Theatre.
The following reviews were some of my favorites:
Garrett Canna writes a blog titled Theatrically Musing. He graded each actor and section of the production as a report card. He said the following about Clay:
Clay Aiken: A
I'll admit I was hesitant at seeing yet another singer try to act. The results can range from Beyonce Knowles all the way to Katherine McPhee in Smash. Aiken is the former, turning in a fully realized performance, a feat made all the more impressive since he only goes offstage once during the show's two hour running time (and even then, it's only for two or three minutes). His Man In Chair is positively joyous and bursting with charm. The character's mental breakdown near show's end was played with devastating understatement and almost no angst-ridden camp. Seems like Spamalot's producers weren't too far off the mark when they hired him to play Lancelot near the end of its Broadway run. (UPDATE: It seems that Clay Aiken played Sir Robin in Spamalot, and not Lancelot. My mistake!)
As published in Triangle A&E's Theatre Review:
Last night, I went to North Carolina Theatre's production of The Drowsy Chaperone, not as News & Observer reviewer, but just on my own. I can truthfully say it was the best all-around production by North Carolina Theatre in its 30 seasons. The all-Equity cast included two Raleigh natives: Beth Leavel, recreating her Tony Award®-winning role as the title character, and Clay Aiken in the lead role, Man in Chair. One would have expected Leavel to be stellar (which she was), but the big surprise was Aiken. In this non-singing role, he proved to be an astute comedian, landing his punch lines with consummate skill and making the reclusive character endearing in a subtle, knowing performance. It's on until Sunday — I highly recommend it.
-Roy C. Dicks, Triangle theatre critic
It is always fun to read such great reviews.
The following video was put together by The North Carolina Theatre.
Did you have a chance to see this musical with Clay?
Categories : Clay History, Editorial
Tags : Beth Leavel, Beyonce Knowles, Clay Aiken, Garrett Canna, Katherine McPhee, Monty Python's Spamalot, NC Theatre, newsobserver.com, Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, Roy C. Dicks Triangle theatre critic, The Drowsy Chaperone, The Man In The Chair, Triangle A&E's Theatre Review
shirley t says:
I'm hoping soon that Broadway will call him again to the stage. Not just for a musical, but also for a comedic or dramatic role! OMC is a multi-talented performer!
Thank you, CANN for the reviews and the video!
Judy Lattray says:
I was not fortunate enough to see this production but I am not at all surprised that Clay was a complete acting success. He can do anything. He just needs the opportunity to show all of his many talents – and has. Maybe he will return to the entertainment field someday. ❤ UNCONDITIONAL love for you Clay. God bless America
I flew down to NC to see Clay in this show. I knew he would be good, but he was amazing. What a actor.
Wish we had more video of Clay in the show…..I love the pictures. Do yo have more?
MaryAnne M says:
Clay was so good in the fun show. He made us laugh, he made us cry!
Please, Clay…I want to see you on the stage again!
Sylvia T. says:
Love the pictures and video of Clay. I wish I had been able to see him in this play.
Thank you for sharing all of this with us. I look forward to reading CANN every morning!
pumpkin says:
i alsolove the pictures and the video of clay i dint get the opertruneaty to go see clay in this i bet i would have loved it ilove the pictures and the video of clay i wish i had seen clay in this play


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They have had more deaths from this one shot since it has rolled out than they have in the last thirty years in VAERS reporting.
From RAIR
Canadian Doctors Stephen Malthouse and Charles Hoffe are on a road trip across the country to raise awareness about the dangers of taking the vaccine. "The rollout of the vaccine is having a devastating effect on the population. This is the most dangerous vaccine ever rolled out," Hoffe said. "And now they are coming for our children."
More and more people are being injured every day from taking the "vaccines," reports the doctors. Yet, despite the shocking numbers, most doctors are not reporting the injuries or even questioning the safety of the "vaccines." The few medical professionals asking questions and expressing concern are ostracized and labeled as pushing "vaccine hesitancy."
I now have ten patients in my small practice who are literally disabled after their first shot, revealed Dr. Hoffe.
Hoffe decided to investigate the cause of their vaccine injuries and found that microscopic blood clots were the culprit. The doctor said that these blood clots occur in 50 percent of people who get a corona jab.
According to the doctor, the blood clots also explain his patients' neurological disorders and lung problems. "These stings cause permanent damage. And the damage gets bigger after every shot."
Injuries Unreported
The reporting system for vaccine side effects of the American Centers for Disease Control, VAERS, counts almost one million confirmed side effects for the new Covid vaccines.
Doctor Malthouse explains that the number of cases registered with VAERS "has been shown only to represent 1% of what is happening in real life." For example, there have been 20,000 deaths (almost 50% of them reported within the first 24 hours of the shot), 100,000 hospitalizations, and over 30,000 severely disabled people who are permanently unable to work. As a result, the actual number of people adversely impacted by the vaccines is more likely to be closer to 100 times these actual reported numbers.
Despite the shocking numbers of deaths and injuries, Dr. Malthouse is questioning why The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has ignored all of these red flags. The Doctor states,
They have had more deaths from this one shot since it has rolled out than they have in the last thirty years in VAERS reporting. And that is only 1%. So we can imagine what the real death rate is of the shot. It is astronomical; in fact, it is pretty much a vertical line since that shot has been rolled out.
Total Failure
The doctors hope that people realize that they have been misled and misinformed. "Clearly, these vaccines don't work. In British Columbia, 90 percent of the population has been vaccinated, but the corona restrictions remain in place and are even being tightened. Therefore, the rollout of the vaccine has turned out to be a total failure."
Watch the following interview by Press For Truth with Dr. Charles Hoffe and Dr. Stephen Malthouse ... video at link
https://rairfoundation.com/doctors-warn-of-vaccine-damages-in-patients-people-are-being-deceived-video/
Category: CV Injection Deaths Injuries

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Articles Posted in RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: "THE EARLY WARNING NOTICE" PROCEDURE ANNOUNCED FOR ENFORCEMENT ACTION
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau "CFPB" announced plans today to implement an early warning enforcement action plan ("the Early Warning Notice") which would allow those under investigation the ability to respond to the CFPB. The CFPB Bulletin 2011-04 (Enforcement) announced the first in a series of periodic bulletins the CFPB will release which are aimed at providing information about the policies and priorities of the CFBP's Bureau of Enforcement.
"Before the Office of Enforcement recommends that the Bureau commence enforcement proceedings, the Office of Enforcement may give the subject of such recommendation notice of the nature of the subject's potential violations and may offer the subject the opportunity to submit a written statement in response. The decision whether to give such notice is discretionary, and a notice may not be appropriate in some situations, such as in cases of ongoing fraud or when the Office of Enforcement needs to act quickly."
It is important to note that if the subject(s) of an investigation is asked to provide the Bureau of Enforcement a response statement and the subject prepares and submits the response statement under oath to the Bureau the response may be discoverable by third parties.
The Early Warning Notice also allows any person involved in an investigation to voluntarily submit a written statement at any point during an investigation.
Posted in: Affiliated Business Arrangements (AfBA), Affiliated Business Disclosure Form, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: EARLY WARNING NOTICE, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: RESPA, FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD: LOAN OFFICER COMPENSATION, GOOD FAITH ESTIMATE "GFE", HUD-1 Settlement Statement, MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENT ACT (MDIA), QRM: QUALIFIED RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE PROPOSAL, REGULATION Z, REQUIRED USE: Section 9 under the new RESPA rule, RESPA, RESPA LITIGATION, RESPA Marketing Agreements, RESPA Reform, RESPA SECTION 5: SPECIAL INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING, RESPA SECTION 8: ILLEGAL KICKBACKS & REFERRAL FEES, RESPA SECTION 8: SERIES LLC, RESPA SECTION 8(b): UNEARNED FEES, RESPA SECTION 9: REQUIRED USE, RESPA VIOLATIONS, RESPA: HOME WARRANTY COMPENSATION, RESPA: SECTION 10 ESCROW ACCOUNTS, RESPA: SHAM JOINT VENTURE GUIDELINES, RESPA: YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM, TRUTH IN LENDING ACT and YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM "YSP"
Bank of America says Countrywide Bankruptcy is on the table
Reporter Avi Salzman with Barron's is reporting that Bank of America may file for bankruptcy protection for it's Countrywide subsidiary if litigation costs from Countrywide threaten Bank of America. Bank of America is the parent company of Countrywide but it is a separate legal entity. If Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) decides to declare bankruptcy it would only affect the Countrywide division not the entire company.
If Bank of America does file for bankruptcy protection for Countrywide it could have a material impact on on-going litigation involving RESPA, TILA, and other legal actions across the United States involving Countrywide. The purchase by Bank of America is widely viewed as one of the worst acquisition decisions in corporate American history.
Posted in: Affiliated Business Arrangements (AfBA), Affiliated Business Disclosure Form, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: RESPA, Federal Housing Administration FHA, REGULATION Z, RESPA, RESPA CLASS ACTION LAWSUITS, RESPA LITIGATION, RESPA SECTION 5: SPECIAL INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING, RESPA SECTION 8: ILLEGAL KICKBACKS & REFERRAL FEES, RESPA SECTION 8: SERIES LLC, RESPA SECTION 8(b): UNEARNED FEES, RESPA SECTION 9: REQUIRED USE, RESPA VIOLATIONS, RESPA: SECTION 10 ESCROW ACCOUNTS, RESPA: YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM, THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CFPA), TRUTH IN LENDING ACT and YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM "YSP"
RESPA: CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU ENFORCEMENT DIVISION TO BE HEADED UP BY RICHARD CORDRAY
The United States Department of Treasury has hired Richard Cordray to lead the Enforcement Division of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) which was created under the Dodd-Frank Bill. Richard Cordray was elected as the Ohio Attorney General in 2008. Cordray has filed numerous lawsuits during his tenure as the Ohio Attorney General, most notably against AIG, Marsh & McLennan, Bank of America, and Merrill Lynch which resulted in more than 2.5 billion dollars in settlements.
Given Cordray's history it appears that he will be focusing on federal preemption of nationally chartered banks and the problems state regulators have had with their inability to enforce laws. The doctrine of preemption was used by the Office of Comptroller of the Currency as a way to stop states from enforcing rules and regulations against nationally chartered banks. He has pledged to jointly work with state attorney generals while at the CFPB in his investigations which could significantly hamper nationally chartered banks argument of federal preemption against state laws. Cordray and The American Bankers Association have opposing stances on the bank preemption issue. The underlying premise is that nationally chartered banks who engage in abusive and fraudulent tactics better be prepared for an onslaught of litigation and penalties when the enforcement team starts working with the states.
Richard Cordray's reputation is that of a staunch advocate for consumer rights against financial services companies who break the law. Cordray is responsible for selecting the enforcement team and preparing for the exercise of enforcement powers. RESPA enforcement under Cordray appears to be a priority based on his past history and Section 6 of RESPA is a prime target for future regulatory enforcement action by the CFPB.
Posted in: Affiliated Business Disclosure Form, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, GOOD FAITH ESTIMATE "GFE", HUD-1 Settlement Statement, MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENT ACT (MDIA), REGULATION Z, REQUIRED USE: Section 9 under the new RESPA rule, RESPA, RESPA LITIGATION, RESPA Marketing Agreements, RESPA Reform, RESPA SECTION 5: SPECIAL INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING, RESPA SECTION 8: ILLEGAL KICKBACKS & REFERRAL FEES, RESPA SECTION 8(b): UNEARNED FEES, RESPA SECTION 9: REQUIRED USE, RESPA VIOLATIONS, RESPA: HOME WARRANTY COMPENSATION, RESPA: SECTION 10 ESCROW ACCOUNTS, RESPA: SHAM JOINT VENTURE GUIDELINES, RESPA: YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM, THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CFPA), TRUTH IN LENDING ACT and YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM "YSP"
CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: PRESIDENT OBAMA APPOINTS ELIZABETH WARREN AS ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT AND AS A SPECIAL ADVISOR TO TREASURY
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau which will oversee the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) now has a decision maker to help set up the CFPB. President Obama announced today the appointment of Harvard Professor Elizabeth Warren to implement policies and procedures to protect consumers from financial products. Ms. Warren who is widely known as the person who developed the idea for the CFPB will also be responsible for helping select a director to head up the CFPB.
Warren is considered a strong consumer advocate and her ideology has some in the financial services industry concerned. The concern reached a fevered pitch over the last two months with Republicans and the financial services industry pledged to hold up her confirmation in the Senate. Obama's move of not appointed her to the CFBP but rather giving Warren supervisory authority of the CFPB without going through a senate confirmation process stunned her critics.
It remains to be seen how Warren will tackle the enforcement of RESPA in the near future but I suspect that we will see a huge increase in both funding and manpower in the RESPA enforcement arena.
Posted in: Administrative Brokerage Commission Fees (ABC), Affiliated Business Arrangements (AfBA), Affiliated Business Disclosure Form, CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU: RESPA, Federal Housing Administration FHA, GOOD FAITH ESTIMATE "GFE", HOME VALUATION CODE OF CONDUCT (HVCC), HUD-1 Settlement Statement, MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENT ACT (MDIA), REGULATION Z, REQUIRED USE: Section 9 under the new RESPA rule, RESPA, RESPA LITIGATION, RESPA Marketing Agreements, RESPA Reform, RESPA SECTION 5: SPECIAL INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING, RESPA SECTION 8: ILLEGAL KICKBACKS & REFERRAL FEES, RESPA SECTION 8(b): UNEARNED FEES, RESPA SECTION 9: REQUIRED USE, RESPA VIOLATIONS, RESPA: SECTION 10 ESCROW ACCOUNTS, RESPA: SHAM JOINT VENTURE GUIDELINES, RESPA: YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM, THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CFPA), TRUTH IN LENDING ACT and YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM "YSP"
RESPA: DEPUTY DIRECTOR IVY JACKSON IS SHUFFLED OUT OF RESPA DIVISION
The U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) made a number of surprising management changes last month including the shuffling of Ivy Jackson, the Director of the Office of RESPA and Interstate Land Sales to the Office of Insured Health Care Facilities. Ivy Jackson's departure took the real estate industry by surprise and created uncertainty for state regulators who were relying on her to educate them the new RESPA regulations this year.
The Sterbcow Law Group would like to thank Ivy Jackson for her contributions over the years at RESPA. She will always be remembered as a federal regulator who was fair to the real estate industry and to consumer interests while at RESPA. Ms. Jackson's work ethic, honesty, and experience will be missed.
HUD promoted Teresa Baker Payne to the position of Assistant Deputy Assistant Secretary and Barton Shapiro was named Acting Director of RESPA and Interstate Land Sales. Ms. Payne and Mr. Shapiro both bring experience to their new positions. Ms.Payne and Mr. Shapiro both are excellent choices for their respective roles at HUD.
Posted in: Affiliated Business Arrangements (AfBA), Affiliated Business Disclosure Form, Federal Housing Administration FHA, GOOD FAITH ESTIMATE "GFE", HOME VALUATION CODE OF CONDUCT (HVCC), HUD-1 Settlement Statement, MORTGAGE DISCLOSURE IMPROVEMENT ACT (MDIA), PROMOTING MORTGAGE RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF 2009, REQUIRED USE: Section 9 under the new RESPA rule, RESPA, RESPA CONFERENCE, RESPA LITIGATION, RESPA Marketing Agreements, RESPA Reform, RESPA SECTION 5: SPECIAL INFORMATIONAL BOOKLET, RESPA SECTION 6: LOAN SERVICING, RESPA SECTION 8: ILLEGAL KICKBACKS & REFERRAL FEES, RESPA SECTION 8(b): UNEARNED FEES, RESPA SECTION 9: REQUIRED USE, RESPA VIOLATIONS, RESPA: SECTION 10 ESCROW ACCOUNTS, RESPA: YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM, THE CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CFPA), TRANSPARENCY FOR HOMEOWNERS ACT OF 2009, TRUTH IN LENDING ACT and YIELD SPREAD PREMIUM "YSP"


On Saturday, February 2, the Bellbrook Swim and Dive team competed at the Southwestern Buckeye League meet at Trotwood-Madison High School. As defending champions at the meet, the boys scored 112 points to earn second place, while the girls put up 98 to come in third.
Freshman Alex Welsh was the only event winner for the Eagles, beating out two Oakwood seniors to win the 1 meter dive. Second place finishers included Megan Solomon (1 meter dive), Cloe Caldwell (50 free), Zach Hulett (200 free), and Cam Bybee (200 Individual Medley). Additionally, the boys 200 medley relay finished second despite being seeded to get fifth. Caldwell and Bybee were also expected to get fifth in their events, but ended up getting second.
The Eagles also had five "heat winners," including Keenan McCormick. Heat winners are crucial in swimming because they generally are able to score points, even if they are not in the fast heat. In McCormick's case, he was able to drop 1.97 seconds to win seventh place in the boys 100 freestyle, winning his heat by a significant margin and allowing him to rack up points for the team.
Non-Bellbrook swimmers performed well at the meet too: defending state champion in the 500, Waynesville sophomore Owen Conley won that event with a time of 4:46.05, just fifteen seconds slower than the time that won him State. Other athletes in the SWBL who attended the State meet last season include Oakwood senior Sam Auditore and junior Tallis All. In 2018, Auditore placed 13th in the 500, an event she placed second in on Saturday, while All placed 22nd in the 1 meter dive, which she won on Saturday.


text:
Sexual Health Information Hub
Access to Essential Services
Policy Engagement and Awareness Raising
Read What's New
Action Canada Spotlight
Your Sexual Health
Sexual Health 101
Your Sexual Health Plan
Information for patients/clients
Information for Health Care Providers
[Op-Ed] Delaying Gender Identity In Sex Ed Plays Politics With Kids' Lives
Posted on March, 20 2019 by Action Canada
Ontario's plan for the sex-ed curriculum fails to meet the rights and needs of kids
Op-Ed published in the Huffington Post
Activists should be proud this week. The fact that Ontario Education Minister Lisa Thompson announced on Friday that her government will not exclude vital lessons around LGBTQ+ sexuality, consent, and social-media literacy from Ontario's sexuality education curriculum is proof that the massive wave of public push-back in support for sex-ed is working. The overwhelming majority of parents, educators, and young people who stood up to fight for sex-ed were impossible to ignore. It's a win for sex-ed but what the government announced is a compromise between what they want and what parents, teachers, and young people are asking for.
Ontario's plan for the sex-ed curriculum still fails to meet the rights and needs of kids. We need to remain vigilant.
Ontario's new sex-ed curriculum will remain a step back from where we got to in 2015. The minister said that the curriculum will delay teaching about gender identity and expression until Grade 8, which is the latest they can possibly push it within elementary school curriculums. These compromises may seem small but they have serious implications for students and their families, particularity LGBTQ+ youth and their families. Now is not the time to take our foot off the gas. Now is the time to recognize that protest works and that we should continue to push until no child is left behind.
First, some context: according to UN experts and the 2018 UNESCO International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education, no curriculum in Canada meets the highest quality standards for sex ed. Almost no kid in Canada is getting the complete education they need to live full, healthy lives. Those few who do are fortunate enough to have exceptional supports that are often offered by sexual health experts who have made it their mandate to build capacity in schools or with children themselves. But this is the exception, not the rule.
The inconsistent, patchwork nature of quality sex education throughout Canada is nothing less than a human rights violation. That is why a recent letter sent from a large group of UN human rights experts to Prime Minister Justin Trudeaudemands that Canada immediately intervene to ensure that young people across Canada, in every jurisdiction, have equal access to high-quality sex ed. And that is why Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights is campaigning for better sex ed everywhere in Canada.
Playing politics with the health of kids is a dangerous thing for any government to do. Thankfully, the public has proved that it has no intention of sacrificing the well-being of young people because of unwarranted fears based on misogyny, homophobia, and transphobia.
We should feel proud that parents, educators, and young people were successful in pushing back against what could have been an unmitigated disaster. But we should also remain deeply concerned that the new curriculum will not meet the needs of our kids.
The fact that children will not be taught about gender identity until Grade 8 may not seem like a big deal but it will have a huge negative impact. The notion that including gender diversity in classroom discussions is not "age-appropriate" is patently untrue, as well as dangerously stigmatizing. Most children will develop a sense of their gender identity between the ages of two and five. How is that child meant to feel when people are telling them that their thoughts, feelings and indeed, their whole self is not "appropriate" to express? For kids who are gender diverse, or gender creative, knowing that gender expression and diversity exists and that it is normal will have real consequences for their mental and physical health. This isn't about politics, this is about real people and their lives.
All kids need to learn about gender identity. Gender roles that teach boys to be tough and unemotional and girls to be submissive and pleasing have serious consequences too. These messages, so pervasive in society and media, must be actively managed through gender-sensitive, gender inclusive, age-appropriate sexuality education that begins in kindergarten.
Related stories Statement on Ontario's Sex-Ed Curriculum
Following Ontario Education Minister Lisa Thompson's announcement regarding the Ontario Sex-ed curriculum on Friday, Action Canada for Sexual Healt
UN Experts Gravely Concerned with Sex-Ed in Ontario
The United Nations is calling on Canada to uphold young people's right to quality sex-ed in Ontario. Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights is
Submission to Education Consultation in Ontario
In November 2018, the Government of Ontario launched a consultation on education. All are welcome to participate in the consultation. One specific
Other top stories [Event] Empowering Women in Emergencies
[embed]https://www.facebook.com/actioncanadaSHR/videos/1896680880371849/[/embed] Sexual and reproductive healthcare in emergencies saves lives - j
[Panel Discussion] Worlds Apart: Reproductive health and rights in an age of inequality
The panel discussion was held on December 6th, 2017. Video footage of the event will be available soon. Global Affairs Canada,
[WEBINAR] Mind Your "Business": Mental and Sexual / Reproductive Health
This year, SRH Week will take place from February 12-18 with the theme: Mind Your "Business". Hosted by Action Canada, the campaign provides resource
Recently from @ActionCanadaSHR :
Latest Resource Action Canada Recommendations for Budget 2017
Action Canada's submission for Canada's pre-budget consultation identifies recommendations that touch upon investments both in Canada and
+ More resources
Hot topic Abortion
An abortion is the ending of a pregnancy. Access to safe, legal abortion varies substantially around the world. There are no federal restrictions on
Action Canada Access Line
The Access line is a confidential 24-hour Canada wide toll free number that provides information on reproductive and sexual health and referrals on pregnancy options.
For information about sexual and reproductive health, including pregnancy options, and for referrals to clinics and hospitals that provide reproductive health services, including abortion, anywhere in Canada, please call the confidential 24-hour toll-free information and referral line.
Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights


text:
The Premiership Rugby Cup is an English rugby union knockout cup competition for teams in Premiership Rugby. It was created in 2018 to replace the Anglo-Welsh Cup after the withdrawal of the Welsh regions.

History
The Premiership Rugby Cup was created to replace the Anglo-Welsh Cup which had been running since 2005 when the Welsh regions joined the then English-only Powergen Cup. In the 2017–18 Anglo-Welsh Cup, all four of the Welsh regions finished bottom of their pools. In May 2018, the Welsh Rugby Union announced that they were going to be setting up a Welsh under-23s competition for their regions and would thus be unable to commit to Anglo-Welsh Cup games. Premiership Rugby Limited, which organises the English top flight, then announced that the Anglo-Welsh Cup would be replaced by the Premiership Rugby Cup, which would be solely for the English Premiership clubs. The Cup was created to continue to allow younger English Premiership players to compete in more matches at Premiership stadia.

The 2020–21 tournament was cancelled due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Format
The format for the competition until 2019–20 consisted of the twelve Premiership teams grouped into three pools of four with at least one club having one local derby match in their groups. The matches were typically held over either the Autumn International or Rugby World Cup and Six Nations Championship weekends. The three pool winners and the best runner-up entered the semi-finals with home advantage given to the team with the better record in the pool stage and the final would be held at the home of the highest ranked club. The winning club received £500,000.

Finals

List of champions

* 1982 title shared between Gloucester and Moseley.

See also
 Premiership
 Anglo-Welsh Cup
 RFU Knockout Cup
 Championship Cup
 RFU Intermediate Cup
 RFU Senior Vase
 RFU Junior Vase
 Rugby union in England

References

Notes

External links

Rugby union competitions in England
Rugby union cup competitions in England
Cup
Recurring sporting events established in 2018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
How to re-build snap against up-to-date packages
------------------------------------------------

The snap's owner (currently Alexander Batischev) might receive an email from
the Snap Store saying:

> Subject: newsboat contains outdated Ubuntu packages
>
> A scan of this snap shows that it was built with packages from the Ubuntu
> archive that have since received security updates. The following lists new
> USNs for affected binary packages in each snap revision:
>
> [snip]
>
> Simply rebuilding the snap will pull in the new security updates and resolve
> this. If your snap also contains vendored code, now might be a good time to
> review it for any needed updates.

This document outlines how to rebuild the snap and push it out.

You'll need:
- a machine with Snap installed (I'm using a virtual machine running Ubuntu 20.04);
- login and password for the snap's owner account.

1. Navigate to your local clone of Newsboat.
2. Check out the latest release tag: `git checkout r2.20.1`.
3. Submit a remote build for all architectures mentioned in the email:

    $ snapcraft remote-build --build-on=s390x,ppc64el,arm64,armhf,amd64

4. Wait for the build to finish. It will create .snap files in the current
   directory.

5. If it doesn't exist yet, create _~/snapcraft.cred_ file:

    $ snapcraft export-login ~/snapcraft.cred

6. Load the credentials into an environment variable:

    $ export SNAPCRAFT_STORE_CREDENTIALS=$(cat ~/snapcraft.cred)

5. Upload built snaps to the Store, releasing them into all channels:

    $ for i in *.snap; do snapcraft upload --release=beta,candidate,stable $i ; done

6. Remove built snaps: `rm -f *.snap *.snap.xdelta3 newsboat*txt`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


An Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo has killed 191 people so far, the World Health Organisation Deputy Director-General for Emergency Preparedness and Response Peter Salama said.
Natures way of dealing with overpopulation and poverty. Always has been, always will be.


The importance of a Data Loader basically focuses on the whole import and export systems of data. This is also use to do the things that you need to apply for your Salesforce records, such a deleting something on it, updating your applications, inserting another file, or just the whole export system on the records you have.
Whenever there are some data which need to be imported, this will allow the process to read, formulate, and load the data through the comma-separated values or CSV files from the connection you produce. All export processes done in your data are being produced through the CSV files.
The use of Data Loader would mean that you will be given some precautions and ways which you can just think of what you need to apply.
You can make use of then User interface. This is what you need when you prefer to have an interactive process of what you should apply for the whole set-up of processes intended, such that the configuration parameters are provided and that the CSV files are being formulated through import and export processes, until it would provide you with CSV mappings attached to their designated Salesforce field names.
Another aspect that you can apply is the help of a command line. This process needs to have specifications on your configuration basis, the sources you have on your data, as well as all the mappings and actions in your files are required for what you need to apply for. In this way, you will be able to get through an automatic form of what needs to be processed in a Data loader set-up.
This is what you need for having better and faster results for an interactive use on you wizard interface program.
For your windows, you can basically apply the need for automated batch operations through this command-line interface method. This would allow the need to make use of the whole storage which is entitled to keep five million recorded files. Another feature that this resembles is a drag-and-drop field mapping. This would allow the need to render support of all the objects presented. The systems filed through your Salesforce and Satabase.com settings are being processed and used through this data.
You can also be provided with the eight CVS format, just as how you want to be informed. This would allow you to get through your CSV file viewer account. The whole Windows and Mack set-ups are being formulated through this data.
You also need to be informed as to when you should be using your Data Loader. You can make use of this through Lightning Experience and Salesforce Classic.
You can also apply this for your performance, enterprise, developer, database.com editions, and unlimited browse.


text:
UK FCO annual spending on security during the Iraq War 2003-2010
Published by Statista Research Department, May 31, 2018
This statistic displays the United Kingdom (UK) government expenditure on security for the Foreign and Commonwealth Office during the War in Iraq from 2003 to 2010. The first three years saw an annual increase before peaking at 48 million in 2005-06. From 2006-07 until the end of the war there was a significant reduction in security costs. Over this eight year period the British government spent 192 million British pounds on security.
United Kingdom (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) annual expenditure on security during the intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in million GBP)
Expenditure in million GBP
April 1 2003 to March 31, 2010
Civilian deaths in Iraq war 2003-2019
Urbanization in Iraq 2017
Fallen British soldiers in Iraq war 2003-2009
UK public opinion on consequences of Tony Blair's actions during the Iraq War 2016
Statistics on "The Iraq Inquiry"
United Kingdom MOD defense budget during the intervention in Iraq from 2001-2010
Real terms UK MOD defense budget during the intervention in Iraq from 2001-2010
UK additional cost of military operations during the Iraq War 2001-2010
Cost of UK treasury approved funding for UORs during the Iraq War 2001-2010
Estimated United Kingdom (UK) military cost of conflict in Iraq 2002-2005
United Kingdom defense expenditure during the intervention in Iraq from 2001-2009
Real terms UK defense expenditure during the intervention in Iraq from 2001-2009
UK expenditure on humanitarian assistance during the Iraq War 2002-2010
United Kingdom expenditure on peacekeeping during the Iraq War 2004-2010
UK government expenditure of selected services during the Iraq War 2004-2010
UK cost of development assistance during the Iraq War 2003-2010
UK expenditure on diplomatic representation during the Iraq War 2003-2010
Number of deployed United Kingdom (UK) armed forces personnel in Iraq 2003-2008
Government expenditure on armed forces pensions and allowances in the UK 2000-2017
Number of Iraqi detainees held by the UK armed forces in Iraq from 2003-2008
Fallen British soldiers in Iraq war 2003-2009, by cause of death
United Kingdom (UK) public opinion of military action in Iraq 2003-2015
The cost of the United Kingdom's (UK) intervention in Iraq 2002/03-2009/10
The FCO cost of the United Kingdom's (UK) intervention in Iraq 2002/03-2009/10
Mexico: spending in private security in 2006-2016
Number of Allied Barton employees from 2009 to 2013
Industry revenue of »security systems service activities« in Sweden 2011-2023
Industry revenue of "private security activities" in Portugal 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »private security activities« in Latvia 2011-2023
Forecast: revenue private security services Germany 2008-2020
Industry revenue of »private security activities« in Croatia 2011-2023
Security systems service activities revenue in France 2010-2022
Private security activities revenue in Malta 2010-2022
Industry revenue of »security systems service activities« in Hungary 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »private security activities« in Bulgaria 2011-2023
Volume of unpaid wages of public administration, defense sector Taiwan 2010-2017
Share of cyber security budget 2010-2014
Private security activities revenue in Norway 2010-2022
Security systems service activities revenue in Croatia 2010-2022
Colombia: investigation & security services production value 2014-17
Share of Chinese manufacturing firms paying for security 2013, by category
Industry revenue of "investigation and security services" in the U.S. 2011-2023
Security services industry in the U.S. Information security Security software
Iraq Inquiry. (July 6, 2016). United Kingdom (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) annual expenditure on security during the intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in million GBP) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 21, 2020, from https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/582910/united-kingdom-foreign-office-expenditure-on-security-during-the-iraq-war/
Iraq Inquiry. "United Kingdom (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) annual expenditure on security during the intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in million GBP)." Chart. July 6, 2016. Statista. Accessed January 21, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/582910/united-kingdom-foreign-office-expenditure-on-security-during-the-iraq-war/
Iraq Inquiry. (2016). United Kingdom (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) annual expenditure on security during the intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in million GBP). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 21, 2020. https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/582910/united-kingdom-foreign-office-expenditure-on-security-during-the-iraq-war/
Iraq Inquiry. "United Kingdom (Uk) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Fco) Annual Expenditure on Security during The Intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in Million Gbp)." Statista, Statista Inc., 6 Jul 2016, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/582910/united-kingdom-foreign-office-expenditure-on-security-during-the-iraq-war/
Iraq Inquiry, United Kingdom (UK) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) annual expenditure on security during the intervention of Iraq from 2003 to 2010 (in million GBP) Statista, https://cdn1.statista.com/statistics/582910/united-kingdom-foreign-office-expenditure-on-security-during-the-iraq-war/ (last visited January 21, 2020)


A good and sturdy roof is sort of a safety vault that keeps all your belongings safe. However, as cost homeowner simply no knowledge about roofing, it is only believe in your roofing contractor to make use of the best materials and achievable will give you procedures establish a solid roof. Choices it is a must to deliberate carefully while choosing your roofing licensed contractor. A wrong choice can produce serious consequences and big losses.
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Get recommendations and suggestions from friends, neighbors, relatives, colleagues, insurance agents, and the like. companies offering highly satisfying services get great word of mouth being exposed.
Check from the chosen company's standing with Better Business Bureau, Home Builders' Association and other relevant programs. If any complaints are lodged against it, you will stand warned.
Reviews and testimonials of past consumers are good indicators of the degree of expertise and customer service offered from your roofer. Should ask about the company's recent customers and in touch with a lot to get their opinions. Do enquire with regards to the contractor's handling of customers' complaints.
Ask for getting a comprehensive estimate given in writing including essential details with regard to quantity of materials required, labor charges, payment procedures, project beginning and completion dates, etc.
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We spent a good amount of time thinking about what makes a good stocking stuffer gift. We felt that, to make our 2010 list – a stocking stuffer should be something useful – which eliminates about 50% of stocking stuffer ideas – and small – it does have to fit in a red stocking after all – and light enough so that the stocking doesn't fall from the mantel above the fireplace.
You may see many stocking stuffers offered from the same company. Out intention is to offer the best and most unique stocking stuffers as opposed to being democratic about the selection process. A good stocking stuffer is a good stocking stuffer and if you can find a handful of them in one online store, then you've saved even more time.
So, here goes… our List of the Best Stocking Stuffers of 2010.


TRANSIT MOON IS CONJUNCT MY SUN RN !!!!!
@mixedhunty its okay my moon conjunct ur rising is fine!!! n my venus conjunct ur moon.
My black moon lilith (Scorpio) conjunct my Juno. My sun and venus also conjunct my Juno.


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July 9, 2020 Colour of Poverty - Colour of Change Uncategorized
I am Canadian, but do you see me as one?
Avvy Go, Clinic Director – Chinese & Southeast Asian Legal Clinic
Yet another video has gone viral within the social media platforms frequented by Chinese Canadians about a customer refusing to wear a mask inside a store. At first brush, this video is no different from others as it depicts a white guy arguing with a clerk inside T&T, a Chinese supermarket, in Mississauga, over the wearing of a mask.
But 30 seconds into the video, the racist ideology of the customer rears its ugly head when he started to call mask-wearing a "Chinese communist lie", and that COVID-19 is a "communist virus coming from Wuhan China …. just like you", referring to the T&T clerk, who appears to be a Chinese Canadian man in his 60s. But the insults did not end there.
As the customer continued on with his racist rant and demanding to know where the clerk came from, the latter could be heard repeatedly stating, "I am Canadian". In response, the customer said, with visceral contempt, "you are as Canadian as my butt".
In total, the clerk repeated "I am Canadian" about 20 times, as if that was his only defence when confronted with unabashed, literally in-your-face, racism.
But then again, what else could we as Chinese Canadians say or do when words seem to fail to convey the anguish and profound sense of loss we feel when our very existence in the country we call home is being rejected?
Being a Canadian has not helped scores of Chinese Canadians and other Asian Canadians who have been attacked, both verbally and physically, on the street, in public transit, at work, and pretty much anywhere we go during this pandemic. Indeed, our very identity as Canadian is under attack, when our loyalty to Canada is being questioned, and our decision to wear a mask, or not, is being linked to our race.
Not only do we have to contend with racism because of the colour of our skin, Chinese Canadians also have to fight against xenophobia because no matter how long we have lived in this country, how many generations of our families have settled here and how much we have contributed to the building of our nation, we are still regarded as foreigners. As long as this country has been around, starting with the first Prime Minister John A MacDonald who called us "strangers in a strange land", our right to belong has never been fully accepted.
At times like this when systemic racism is being openly discussed and acknowledged by officials at all levels of government, there has been no out-pouring of support for Asian Canadians battling anti-Asian racism. No celebrities coming to the aid of this T&T clerk, who was simply doing his job by following his company's policy and as of July 10, the order of his city, mandating all residents to don a mask while indoor.
This video was reminiscent of a similar incident back in March when a group of Asian Canadian women were kicked out of a Metro store in Toronto for wearing masks. They too were berated by a white customer, but with the support of the store employees. As in the case of the T&T clerk, the Canadian public turned a blind eye, while the demand from a Chinese Canadian advocacy group to Metro to explain their action has been left unanswered.
Since when has wearing a mask and requiring others to wear one become a crime? The answer: when you are Asian.
When I hear the T&T clerk declaring over and over again "I am Canadian", I wonder how many more of us must do the same before the Canadian Government will hear our cries and take our issues seriously. How much hope do we have to achieve true equality when the very strategy that Canada has adopted to combat racism does not even acknowledge the existence of anti-Asian racism?
As more and more cities begin to make mask wearing mandatory, I fear there will be more attacks on our community. Just as Chinese Canadians have been blamed for bringing the virus to Canada, we will be blamed by the anti-maskers for being forced to wear a mask designed to protect all of us from getting the virus.
All I can do is ask my fellow Canadians, I am Canadian, but do you see me as one?
Published by Colour of Poverty - Colour of Change
Colour of Poverty – Colour of Change (COP-COC) is a network across Ontario working to build concrete strategies, tools, initiatives and community-based capacity through which individuals, groups and organisations ( especially those reflective of the affected racialized communities - both Indigenous Peoples and peoples of colour ) can begin to develop coherent shared action plans, including creating effective coordinated strategies for collaborating with mainstream policy analysts and institutions, anti-poverty and social justice advocacy groups, governments, funders and the media so as to best work together to address and redress the disturbing and growing structural and systemic ethno-racial inequality. The COP-COC Steering Committee membership currently includes Access Alliance Multicultural Health & Community Services, the Black Legal Action Centre, the Canadian Arab Federation, the Chinese and Southeast Asian Legal Clinic, the Chinese Canadian National Council Toronto Chapter, the Council of Agencies Serving South Asians, the Hispanic Development Council, Karuna Community Services, La Passerelle - I.D.E., the Mennonite New Life Centre of Toronto, Midaynta Community Services, the Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, the Punjabi Community Health Services, the South Asian Legal Clinic of Ontario, The Neighbourhood Office, and the Urban Alliance on Race Relations – together with academic member – Professor Grace-Edward Galabuzi from Ryerson University in Toronto. For more information, contact: Colour of Poverty – Colour of Change # 505 – 123 Edward St, Toronto M5G 1E2 Phone – 416-966-3882 Fax - 416-971-6780 Email – colourofpoverty@gmail.com View all posts by Colour of Poverty - Colour of Change
[Materials Posted] Race Matters – Now Make It Count: Virtual discussion by Colour of Poverty – Colour of Change (June 22, 2020)
COP-COC | Reconstruction and Reset Plan for Canada


Summary in one sentence – when a group of customers is segmented in micro segments and targeted by many small campaigns, the accumulated uplift is much greater than mass-mailing campaigns. If a message is relevant, it makes for a better customer experience. According to DMA, marketers have found a 760% increase in email revenue from segmented campaigns. This makes perfect sense: The more relevant the message, the more likely your subscriber is to act on it (and bring you income).
Many many small groups. Segmentation is the art of thinking in groups. You have to realize that your email list consists of different kind of people, with different behavior, profiles, and interests. But if your subscribers are so different, why treat them all the same? The solution is splitting your email list into groups that are alike and the more granular the customer group, the more the offer can be tailored to customers' specific needs and wants, and therefore higher engagement would be achieved.
How deep to go with microsegments? The overall message is – as you cater to smaller and smaller segments, the average uplift you can expect to gain from your total customer base grows. In smaller groups, each customer will generate more uplift on average than if he or she were approached as a part of a larger group.
What is very important – if you have behavioral data available, it is extremely important not to let this go to waste. By sorting past orders and purchases by category, price range, etc a whole new plethora of segmentation options opens up.
Segmenting on Customer lifetime value. For instance, the customer lifetime value can be on of the segmentation criteria. It takes multiple pieces of purchase, costs and profile data to make such a calculation. But after you have calculated customer lifetime value it is possible to target your best customers, exclude your worst customers or craft specific campaigns for the part of the email list with the highest potential for growth.
There are different types of clients. Sometimes these buyer types are typecast as personas, but it can on a different level too. By selecting the people that were high spenders and have seen a decline in spending the last months, you are looking to spending patterns. Looking back at previous behavior it is possible to identify and craft your messages to fit this group.
A part of the email marketing plan – segmentation. Every time you select a group from your email database, it's email marketing segmentation. This is a seemingly simple but extremely powerful mechanism. An email marketer can slice and dice his list and craft messages that fit the segments, ultimately lifting results. After send-out of emails you analyze – which has the highest impact per recipient affected, and which has the biggest impact on bottom line total revenue. Yes, some segmentation can be time and money consuming process.
Anyway, in today's tough competition era segmentation should be a part of every healthy email marketing strategy.


The Constitutional Court (ConCourt) yesterday reserved judgment in a matter in which three Zimbabweans living in the Diaspora are seeking the amendment of restrictive provisions of the Electoral Act, which precludes them from participating in the country's electoral processes.
ConCourt judge Justice Elizabeth Gwaunza, who was leading the full bench, announced the court's unanimous decision to reserve the determination after hearing submissions from advocate Thabani Mpofu, who was representing the three Zimbabwean citizens and Vernanda Munyoro, who was representing the State.
In his submissions, Mpofu said section 23(3) of the Electoral Act must be revisited, so as to enable the country's citizens living abroad to be allowed to exercise their voting rights.
"There is no need for the Constitution to be amended instead it is the State that must amend its position," Mpofu said in reference to section 23(3) of the Electoral Act, which prohibits any Zimbabwean citizen, who would have been living outside the country for over 12 months, to participate in the country's electoral processes.
In her submissions, Munyoro said only Zimbabweans living outside the country on national duty were eligible to vote, but those that left because of socio-economic problems could not be allowed to enjoy the same treatment.
"Our Constitution did not anticipate there would be Diasporans, as is the case today and, therefore, what is contained in the Electoral Act is constitutional," Munyoro said, adding people vote according to their constituencies and those living in the Diaspora would be eligible to cast their votes only if they were registered voters.
Through their lawyers from the Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR) and the Southern Africa Litigation Centre (SALC), Gabriel Shumba, Sibonile Mfumisi, who are both based in South Africa, and one Darlington Nyambiya, who is based in Britain, want the Justice minister and the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (Zec), among other respondents, to facilitate the amendment of the Electoral Act.
It is the trio's argument that the residents' requirements imposed under the Electoral Act are unconstitutional.
The new Constitution provides for political rights, allows for every citizen of Zimbabwe to participate in political processes, regardless of their location and thus wants some of the restrictive provisions of the Act to be struck off the country's statutes.
ZLHR and SALC also cited Zec chairperson Justice Pricilla Chigumba, Foreign Affairs minister Sibusiso Moyo, Finance and Economic Development minister Patrick Chinamasa and the Attorney-General Prince Machaya as co-respondents.
Zanu pf why can't you free and fair situations? What are you fearing of when other countries' citizens are voting everywhere they are staying? Why not us as zimbabweans? People supporting zanu pf ,you are all evil doers because you are keeping on holding and supporting evilness where everyone knows that there is no life.
Zanu pf why can't you free and fair situations? What are you fearing of when other countries' citizens are voting everywhere they are staying? Why not us as zimbabweans? People supporting zanu pf ,you are all evil doers because you are keeping on holding and supporting evilness where everyone knows that there is no life. We want change in zimbabwe,not your your self centred atittudes pliz.


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No aprendizado de máquina, a classificação de uma classe (OCC, do inglês ), também conhecida como classificação de classe única, classificação unária ou modelagem de classe, tenta identificar objetos de uma classe específica entre todos os objetos, aprendendo principalmente a partir de um conjunto de treinamento contendo apenas os objetos dessa classe, embora existam variantes de classificadores de uma classe onde contra-exemplos são usados para refinar ainda mais o limite de classificação. Isso é diferente e mais difícil do que o problema de classificação tradicional, que tenta distinguir duas ou mais classes com o conjunto de treinamento contendo objetos de todas as classes. Os exemplos incluem o monitoramento de caixas de engrenagens de helicópteros, previsão de falha do motor, ou o status operacional de uma usina nuclear como 'normal': Neste cenário, há poucos, se houver, exemplos de estados catastróficos do sistema; apenas as estatísticas de operação normal são conhecidas.

Embora muitas das abordagens acima se concentrem no caso de remover um pequeno número de discrepâncias ou anomalias, também é possível aprender o outro extremo, onde a única classe cobre um pequeno subconjunto coerente dos dados, usando uma abordagem de gargalo de informações.

Visão geral
O termo classificação de uma classe (OCC) foi cunhado por Moya & Hush (1996) e muitas aplicações podem ser encontradas na literatura científica, por exemplo, detecção de outliers, detecção de anomalias, detecção de novidades. Uma característica do OCC é que ele usa apenas pontos de amostra da classe atribuída, de modo que uma amostragem representativa não seja estritamente necessária para classes não-alvo.

Introdução

A classificação de uma classe baseada em SVM (OCC) baseia-se na identificação da menor hiperesfera (com raio r e centro c) que consiste em todos os pontos de dados. Esse método é chamado de descrição de dados com vetores de suporte (SVDD). Formalmente, o problema pode ser definido na seguinte forma de otimização restrita,No entanto, a formulação acima é altamente restritiva e é sensível à presença de valores discrepantes. Portanto, uma formulação flexível, que permite a presença de outliers, é formulada conforme mostrado abaixo,

Das condições de otimalidade de Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT), obtemos

onde os  's são a solução para o seguinte problema de otimização:

sujeito a,

A introdução de uma função kernel fornece flexibilidade adicional ao algoritmo One-class SVM (OSVM).

Aprendizado de dados positivos e não-rotulados
Um problema semelhante é o aprendizado de dados positivos e não-rotulados, no qual um classificador binário é aprendido de forma semi-supervisionada a partir de apenas pontos amostrais positivos e não rotulados.

No aprendizado de dados positivos e não-rotulados, dois conjuntos de exemplos são considerados disponíveis para treinamento: o conjunto positivo  e um conjunto misto , que se supõe conter amostras positivas e negativas, mas sem que estas sejam rotuladas como tal. Isso contrasta com outras formas de aprendizado semissupervisionado, onde é assumido que um conjunto rotulado contendo exemplos de ambas as classes está disponível além de amostras não rotuladas. Existe uma variedade de técnicas para adaptar classificadores supervisionados à configuração de aprendizado de PU, incluindo variantes do algoritmo EM. O aprendizado de dados positivos e não-rotulados foi aplicado com sucesso a texto, séries temporais, tarefas de bioinformática, e dados de sensoriamento remoto.

Abordagens
Várias abordagens têm sido propostas para resolver a classificação de uma classe (OCC). As abordagens podem ser distinguidas em três categorias principais: estimativa de densidade, métodos de contorno e métodos de reconstrução.

Métodos de estimativa de densidade
Os métodos de estimativa de densidade dependem de estimar a densidade dos pontos de dados e da definição de um limiar. Esses métodos baseiam-se em assumir distribuições, como a gaussiana ou uma distribuição de Poisson. Em seguida, os testes de discordância podem ser usados para testar os novos objetos. Esses métodos são robustos à variação de escala.

O modelo gaussiano é um dos métodos mais simples para criar classificadores de uma classe. Devido ao Teorema do Limite Central, esses métodos funcionam melhor quando um grande número de amostras está presente e são perturbados por pequenos valores de erro independentes. A distribuição de probabilidade para um objeto d-dimensional é dada por:

em que  é a média e  é a matriz de covariância. O cálculo da inversa da matriz de covariância () é a operação mais cara e nos casos em que os dados não são dimensionados corretamente ou os dados têm direções singulares a pseudo-inversa  é usada para aproximar a inversa, e é calculado como .

Métodos de limite
Os métodos de limite se concentram em definir limites em torno de alguns conjuntos de pontos, chamados pontos-alvo. Esses métodos tentam otimizar o volume. Os métodos de limite dependem de distâncias e, portanto, não são robustos à variação de escala. O método dos K-centros, NN-d e SVDD são alguns dos principais exemplos.

K-centros

No algoritmo K-centros, são posicionadas  pequenas bolas de mesmo raio para minimizar a distância máxima de todas as distâncias mínimas entre os objetos de treinamento e os centros. Formalmente, é minimizado o seguinte erro:

O algoritmo utiliza o método de busca direta com inicialização aleatória, onde o raio é determinado pela distância máxima do objeto que qualquer bola deve capturar. Depois que os centros são determinados, para qualquer objeto de teste , a distância pode ser calculada como

Métodos de reconstrução
Os métodos de reconstrução usam o processo de geração e conhecimento prévio para construir um modelo de geração que melhor se ajuste aos dados. Novos objetos podem ser descritos em termos de um estado do modelo gerador. Alguns exemplos de métodos de reconstrução para OCC são: agrupamento por k-médias, quantização vetorial de aprendizado, mapas auto-organizados, etc.

Aplicações

Classificação de documentos
O paradigma básico de uma máquina de vetores de suporte (SVM) é treinado usando tanto exemplos positivos quanto negativos, porém, estudos mostraram que há muitas razões válidas para usar apenas exemplos positivos. Quando o algoritmo SVM é modificado para usar apenas exemplos positivos, o processo é considerado uma classificação de uma classe. Uma situação em que esse tipo de classificação pode ser útil para o paradigma SVM é ao tentar identificar os sites de interesse de um navegador da Web com base apenas no histórico de navegação do usuário.

Estudos biomédicos
A classificação de uma classe pode ser particularmente útil em estudos biomédicos, nos quais muitas vezes os dados de outras classes podem ser difíceis ou impossíveis de obter. Ao estudar dados biomédicos pode ser difícil e/ou caro obter o conjunto de dados rotulados da segunda classe que seria necessário para realizar uma classificação de duas classes. Um estudo do The Scientific World Journal descobriu que a abordagem de tipicidade é a mais útil na análise de dados biomédicos porque pode ser aplicada a qualquer tipo de conjunto de dados (contínuo, discreto ou nominal). A abordagem de tipicidade é baseada no agrupamento de dados examinando-os e colocando-os em agrupamentos novos ou existentes. Para aplicar a tipicidade à classificação de uma classe para estudos biomédicos, cada nova observação, , é comparada com a classe de destino, , e identificada como um outlier ou um membro da classe de destino.

Detecção não supervisionada de desvio de conceito
A classificação de uma classe tem semelhanças com a detecção não supervisionada de desvio de conceito, já que ambos visam identificar se os dados não vistos compartilham características semelhantes aos dados iniciais. Chama-se de conceito a distribuição de probabilidades fixa da qual os dados são extraídos. Na detecção não supervisionada de desvio de conceito, o objetivo é detectar se a distribuição de dados muda sem utilizar rótulos de classe. Na classificação de uma classe, o fluxo de dados não é importante. Os dados não vistos são classificados como típicos ou atípicos dependendo de suas características, sejam do conceito inicial ou não. No entanto, a detecção não supervisionada de desvio monitora o fluxo de dados e sinaliza um desvio se houver uma quantidade significativa de alterações ou anomalias. A detecção não supervisionada de desvio de conceito pode ser identificada como a forma contínua da classificação de uma classe. Os classificadores de uma classe são usados para detectar desvios de conceito.

Ver também

 Classificação multiclasse
 Detecção de anomalias
 Aprendizagem supervisionada

Referências

Algoritmos de classificação
Classificação estatística


RUSSELLVILLE — Ketrich Harmon rushed for 159 yards and three touchdowns on 28 carries, while Preston Conder passed for 326 yards on 26-of-41 passing, and Logan Genz turned in a 18-tackle effort, and Randy Velazquez booted three field goals, with no kick being bigger than the 38-yard field goal he kicked in overtime to lift the Arkansas Tech Wonder Boys (5-5, 5-4 Great American Conference) to a 37-34 win over the Southeastern Oklahoma Savage Storm (2-8, 2-7 GAC) on Saturday at Thone Stadium at Buerkle Field.
Southeastern Oklahoma got on the board first, forcing Tech into a three-and-out on the opening possession, and then going downfield 75 yards in 12 plays over 4:46, capping the scoring drive with a one-yard touchdown rush by Devlon Wortham.
Chris Peoples' extra point attempt missed wide left, giving the Savage Storm a 6-0 lead. The miss would prove to be crucial.
Tech quickly responded, as Harmon took the first play from scrimmage on the next drive 57 yards to the Tech 18-yard line, and four plays later, Harmon's four-yard touchdown run capped a five-play, 75-yard drive to give the Wonder Boys a 7-6 lead.
In what was a sign of things to come, Southeastern came right back to reclaim the lead, as quarterback Nick Sioson connected with Anthony Foster on a 21-yard touchdown strike to cap a seven-play, 71-yard drive, giving the Savage Storm a 13-7 lead. Tech was put behind the 8-ball on the next possession after a bad snap on first down set up second and 23, and the Wonder Boys were unable to convert the first down.
SOSU held the 13-7 lead going into the second quarter, but after punting the ball away, the Wonder Boys marched downfield 83 yards over nine plays, using an eight-yard pass from Conder to Roger Jackson to put the Wonder Boys ahead 14-13. However, the lead would not last for long.
On the ensuing possession, Southeastern used a seven-play, 84-yard drive to reclaim the lead, as Wortham's second touchdown run of the contest (this one from 18 yards out) gave the Savage Storm a 20-14 lead.
On the Wonder Boys' next possession, Velazquez attempted to cut into the Southeastern lead with a 42-yard field goal attempt, but the kick sailed wide right. However, Sioson's first down pass was intercepted by Darion Shine and the Wonder Boys offense had another chance.
Tech set Velazquez up with a 31-yard field goal attempt, and this time the freshman connected to cut the Southeastern lead to 20-17.
After the Tech defense got a stop on the next possession, Tech marched downfield to the Southeastern seven-yard line, and Velazquez drilled a 24-yard field goal to tie the game at 20-20 going into the half.
The Wonder Boys took the lead back in the third quarter, as Harmon's second touchdown of the night, a 10-yard run, capped a seven-play, 62-yard drive, giving Tech a 27-20 lead. Those would be the only points of the third quarter.
Harmon extended the Wonder Boys' lead in the fourth quarter, as Tech used a 13-play, 63-yard drive capped by a one-yard Harmon run to push the Wonder Boys ahead 34-20. However, the Savage Storm were not done.
A 13-play, 72-yard drive by Southeastern, capped by a 19-yard pass between Sioson and Tiquarrio Combs narrowed the Tech lead to 34-27, and after a lost fumble on first down, Southeastern used a three-play, 24-yard drive to even the score at 34.
The Wonder Boys had a prime opportunity to pull ahead on the next possession, using a 35-yard kickoff return by Cassius Washington and a 23-yard pass from Conder to Jonathan Keener to get into Southeastern territory. Conder connected with Keener once again to get the Wonder Boys inside the 20-yard line, and a few short runs by Harmon gave Tech a first-and-goal at the Southeastern five-yard line.
However, Tech fell victim to another errant snap and this time, the Savage Storm recovered the loose ball. Southeastern moved the ball into Tech territory but was unable to get any closer than the 40, turning the ball over on downs with 17 seconds to play.
Conder connected with Michael Fine on a nine-yard out route to give the Wonder Boys second-and-one at the Tech 49, and then took three deep attempts, the final one intercepted by Southeastern's Raheem Wilson as time expired in regulation.
As the game went to overtime, Tech was able to slow the Southeastern offense, and Peoples missed a 40-yard field goal attempt wide left, giving the ball back to the Wonder Boys.
On second down for Tech, the Wonder Boys had a momentary scare as the ball popped loose on a Ketrich Harmon rush and Southeastern Oklahoma appeared to make the recovery. However, Harmon was ruled down prior to the fumble and the Wonder Boys maintained possession.
Another run by Harmon gave Tech fourth-and-6, and set up a potential game-winning, 38-yard field goal by Velazquez.
Velazquez's kick split the uprights, giving the Wonder Boys a dramatic win in their next-to-last home game.
Roger Jackson caught six passes for 76 yards and a score, while Keener caught five passes for 130 yards. Wesley McKinney turned in a 17-tackle effort (one solo, 16 assisted) trailing only Genz' 18 tackles (four solo, 14 assisted) for the Wonder Boys. Demetris Ford turned in 1.5 sacks and a forced fumble, while Thomas Soehner added 11 tackles (four solo, seven assisted) and a fumble recovery, while Justin Martin turned in a ten-tackle effort (all assisted) with a half-sack and 1.5 tackles for loss.
The Wonder Boys will return to action on Nov. 16, closing the season with a Senior Day match-up with Harding at Thone Stadium at Buerkle Field.