You may have heard the term "Affiliate Marketing" and immediately thought, "another internet scam", or some other term that invalidates the occupation. This article will be a brief overview that offers a broad definition of affiliate marketing, the major components of the business model, and what is needed to become an affiliate marketer to start earning an income from home.
Affiliate marketing (niche marketing) is a performance-based marketing program that allows a retailer to pay for the advertising and referral of their products in the form of commission. Meaning, the retailer does not pay for the advertising if a sale isn't made, or a lead isn't generated, etc.
Affiliate marketing is a legitimate online business model, and can be viewed as a freelance sales and advertisement position, working for commission only. Unlike an ad agency, the affiliate marketer targets a specific audience within a niche market that they choose (not to the masses) and works to establish a relationship with their audience in order to build trust. Products are researched, reviews are written, and the comprehensive product information, often along with a genuine review, is presented to the audience with a link to purchase, if they choose, given the information that has been provided.
Affiliate marketing is NOT a "get rich quick" scheme. Generally, there is a lot of work on the back end for the affiliate marketer. Building a website, choosing which area of expertise their business will take (niche), a ton of research, and a lot of writing. But once a campaign site is "completed", it can be on auto-pilot, with minimal maintenance, and potentially generate a very nice passive income for the affiliate marketer as more traffic visits the site and reads the article. Multiple campaigns/websites/products/niches can be created by the affiliate in order to generate several income streams.
Affiliate marketing, just like any business, requires thought and effort, education and time, and the correct tools in order to generate a profit.
Learn about my #1 recommendation for acquiring the skills, support and tools in order to start your own successful online affiliate marketing business!
There are at least 3 parties involved in affiliate marketing, and often a 4th party – the network.
Basically, the affiliate chooses a product to promote that is relevant to their audience. If the consumer chooses to purchase through the affiliate link, the affiliate and the merchant or network share the profit of the sale. There is rarely additional cost to the consumer when making a purchase through an affiliate link – the cost of such programs is already included in the purchase price.
The Retailer – A merchant with a product or service to sell, and who wants to reach a targeted audience online by using an affiliate to promote their products.
The Affiliate Network – The network serves as an intermediary between the affiliate and the merchant. Examples are Amazon and Clickbank. These networks provide a database of products to promote, and the affiliate marketer goes through them (not the retailer or merchant) in order to promote these products, and are paid by the network.
The Affiliate Marketer – Someone who advertises products to a specific audience with social media, blogs, emails, and other online marketing techniques. The Affiliate marketer provides a service to both the retailer or network, and the consumer. The retailer is receiving promotion for their product, and the consumer is receiving comprehensive, relevant, and genuine product information to assist with their purchase.
The Consumer – Consumers are the driving force in any market, and the same is true with affiliate marketing. They are the audience that affiliates promote the merchant's products to – specific products that are chosen for a particular audience.
Advertisers only pay a commission when a purchase is made through the targeted advertising and promotion efforts of the affiliate marketer, instead of paying for non-targeted advertising to the masses.
Affiliates generate an income while providing helpful advice to their audience.
Consumers get a trusted recommendation and comprehensive product information to assist their purchase decision.
Basically, choose a topic, get a domain name, build a site, join an affiliate network (or become an affiliate of the product creator), and promote a product with comprehensive reviews. Sounds easy, right?
There are a few other steps in there that you'll want to do also, such as keyword research, and using those keywords in articles you publish in order to gain authority and ranking with the search engines, as well as writing additional related articles for the same reasons – all of which will have the goal of generate traffic to your site.
Once the traffic gets there, it will be your "job" to convert the visitor to a consumer – through HONEST communication.
You can even do reviews on products you do not recommend. Let the visitor know why you do not recommend, while giving all of the product information. But include your affiliate link anyway – otherwise, if that visitor is dead-set on purchasing that product, they may purchase it through your link.
Affiliate marketing is a legitimate business model that requires skills acquisition, thought, research, and focus in order to be successful. It's a business that all parties benefit from, that is driven by the market.
Some skills and tools are needed to be successful, and you can get everything you need to succeed – training, tools, support, ideas – at Wealthy Affiliate.
If you're serious about becoming an affiliate marketer, or just want to see if it's for you, and are looking for a place to start – for FREE – go check out my #1 recommendation for all of the tools you need, and all the education you need, to build your business with no obligation to ever upgrade to premium membership!
Feel free to share any thoughts or comments below.
You are so right affiliate marketing is not a get rich quick, I am new started in this business and I love it but it is a lot of work but it is fun and exciting, I will check your number 1 recommendation after I have written this comment, I have learned a lot of your article so thank you for your great value and the work you have set into this.
Thank you for your helpful article, I've been looking for a long time an article that explains what is that Affiliate Marketing in simple words that anyone could understand.
By saying a dead-set visitor, what do you mean? even a bad review about a product could generate a sale?
I didn't say "dead-set visitor". Maybe I need to reword it a bit….
Always include your affiliate link in your bad reviews, since your visitor may be "dead-set" on buying that product that you do not recommend. In that case, yes a sale could be generated, despite your review.
Honestly, if one is not yet making money like me, it feels like a scam. Affiliate marketing requires alot of hardwork and patience. I am into my second attempt here and I hope this time I will not give up. At times I feel like am stuck and I dont know which direction to take. I also get stuck on which content to add. I am also thinking of changing the niche. It even gets worse when you dont have money to pay for ads/campaigns/promotions. What challenges have you faced so far?
Starting a legitimate business is not a scam, whether locally or online, and it takes time and effort to build. Most traditional business ventures are not profitable for 3 years, and if someone is looking to make instant profits, easily, then affiliate marketing is not for them – and they will most-likely be scammed by the people who are offering the get rich quick schemes. The training and support offered at Wealthy Affiliate provides the education, tools, and support that someone will need to start a legitimate online business – the ingredients that the program can't provide is your own determination and work.
Try this program out, and learn ways to generate traffic and conversions using your own writing to increase search engine rankings, ways to generate new content from your existing content – all ways to eliminate the need to pay for advertising. Don't give up – time and consistency – and the right education and support – are the keys to any successful business.
My own challenges include not having the hours available that I would like to commit to my business, and hopefully, in time, that will change as I slowly build up while still working my full-time job.
Hi this is an excellent site with excellent honest information about a training platform that does not make absurd claims about being able to become a millionaire in 3 months or other ridiculous statements some of the scams make. This is a genuine, honest, and realistic opportunity for anyone who is prepared to commit to their own financial future by putting in the required effort to be successful online.
Some of the pros you mention are fantastic, firstly i love the idea of working for myself, also the idea of working from anywhere is a major attraction to me as i like to get out and travel. Little start up costs are a real benefit and with unlimited income potential, this system got me in and i'm glad i found affiliate marketing to help me with my financial future.
This is definitely a beginners guide for anyone new to the industry, especially as it covers the four parties involved in Affiliate Marketing – The Retailer, The Affiliate Marketer, The Affiliate Network, The Consumer and adequately describes each one.
network and promote a product which is a good summary of the Affiliate Marketing business building process.
However, there is a lot more to this than just that and further information would be required before anyone could consider whether it was worthwhile for them to proceed. Which is why it is absolutely fantastic that you have put in a link to your No. 1 Recommendation.
I would recommend to anyone reading this post to continue to read about the No. 1 Recommendation, a highly worthwhile exercise.
Thank you, Steve. Yes, it's a very basic article for beginners to explain the "gist" of affiliate marketing. In another article I will provide more in-depth information, as well as continuing to encourage people to explore the power of the training, support, and expert community that WA provides!
Previous PostPrevious Knowledge vs. Skills – which affiliate marketing program is right for you?
Knowledge vs. Skills – which affiliate marketing program is right for you?


Deus Ex is a video game available on the personal computer. It is a first person shooter. The game is about a conspiracy in the future that involves the Illuminati and artificial intelligence.
The player plays as J.C. Denton, a cyborg who has to deal with problems like robots, men, and bombs. Denton has a brother and many employers. He has skills in the game that increase when goals are completed. For instance, if he needs to sneak up on men in the Army, the player might use a ventilation shaft and gain extra points, which can then be used like money to buy better aim with a pistol.
Deus Ex came out in 2000. It tried to say things about philosophy, knowledge, terrorism, and other things, much like The Matrix. It is widely regarded as one of the best computer games and video games of all time[source?].
This page was last changed on 9 March 2015, at 20:23.


text:
using Newtonsoft.Json;

namespace SurveyMonkey.Containers
{
    [JsonConverter(typeof(TolerantJsonConverter))]
    public class QuizResults
    {
        public int? Incorrect { get; set; }
        public int? PartiallyCorrect { get; set;}
        public int? TotalQuestions { get; set; }
        public int? TotalScore { get; set; }
        public int? Score { get; set; }
        public int? Correct { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Wyoming Stock Growers Land Trust (WSGLT) announced Aug. 10, that Jim Wilson will be the recipient of the 2017 Kurt Bucholz Conservation Award.
Additionally, Wilson previously served as president of the Wyoming Stock Growers Association (WSGA) and played a key role in building a strong relationship between WSGLT and WSGA. Wilson spoke about receiving the award and about Bucholz's legacy, "Kurt Bucholz was a great visionary in water and land conservation. It's a great honor to be selected for this award. The other recipients are very notable and it's an honor to be included among them."
Jim has also been an active participant in water shed projects, most notably the Kirby Creek Water Shed Project. The project focused on the sustainability of approximately 128,500 acres of grasslands and valley in Hot Springs County according to the management plan that was submitted to the Wyoming Association of Conservation Districts.
The Bucholz Conservation Award is given in memory of the late Dr. Kurt Bucholz DVM, rancher from Carbon County, and early supporter of the WSGLT. The Bucholz Award winner encompasses the values and stewardship goals that Kurt exemplified in his life. Kurt had a unique understanding of water and land issues and worked to protect the historic water rights that are fundamental to the North Platte Valley.
Jim will be presented with a bronze statue sculpted by the talented Wyoming artist, Jerry Palen at WSGLT's 16th Annual Barbeque at the Elk Mountain Ranch outside of Elk Mountain, Wyoming on August 26. Tickets can be purchased by visiting http://www.WSGALT.org/Events, or by calling 307-772-8751.


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555092 Annasusanne è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 2013, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a  e da un'eccentricità di 0,1857062, inclinata di 5,96935° rispetto all'eclittica.

Collegamenti esterni

Annasusanne
Corpi celesti scoperti nel 2013

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Deva Victrix / Castra Legionis
Legionary Fort and Major Settlement
The Roman military presence at Chester probably began with a fort or marching camp at the mouth of the Deva Fluvius (River Dee) very likely established during the early campaigns of governor Publius Ostorius Scapula against the Deceangi in north-east Wales sometime around 47/48AD. There is some evidence of pre-Flavian occupation, possibly even a timber-built fort, but proof positive of a Scapulan foundation has yet to emerge.
After the first tentative forays of Scapula, the next military activity in the area was conducted during the early administration of governor Sextus Julius Frontinus sometime around 74AD when an auxiliary fort was constructed at Chester. The placement of this fort was a strategic move by Frontinus designed both to block the route of any routed British bands trying to escape to the north, and also to guard against any help arriving from the .
By 79AD the site had developed into the twenty-five hectare fortress base of Legio II Adiutrix Pia Fidelis. The external dimensions of the fortress were 1,950 x 1,360 feet (594 x 415 m), which, allowing for the width of the defences gave an interior area of about 56 acres (22.7 ha). This early Flavian timber fortress is evidenced by lead piping bearing the name of [link_post post_id="2671" type="popover"]Agricola .
Deva Victrix / Castra Legionis Victorious Deva / Fortress of the Legion
Classical References to Deva
There is an interesting paragraph in the second century geographical treatise by Claudius Ptolemaeus which says: "From these (the Ordovices) toward the east are the Cornavi, among whom are the towns: Deva, Legio XX Victrix 17*30 56? Viroconium 16*45 55?". The Ordovices were a savage tribe from the valleys of North Wales, against whom the legionary fortress at Chester was directed. The extract shows that the prata legionis, the surrounding land which came under military jurisdiction of the Twentieth Legion stationed at the Deva fortress, was appropriated from the tribal territories of the Cornovii, whose cantonal capital lay at Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter, Shropshire).
Chester also appears in two (out of fifteen) routes in the Antonine Itinerary, produced in the late second century. The first mention is in Iter II, "The route from the 'Entrenchments' to the Port of Rutupiae", which details the Roman road-stations between Hadrian's Wall and the main port of embarkation for the continent at Richborough in Kent. On this route, Chester appears as Deva Leg XX Vict, which again confirms that the Twentieth Legion were garrisoned here, 20 miles from Condate (Northwich, Cheshire) and 10 miles from Bovium (Tilston, Cheshire).
One of the most interesting routes in the Itinerary is Iter XI, entitled "the route from Segontium to Deva", this seventy-four mile long route features Chester as one of its termini. Iter XI is discussed in the RBO page for St. Asaph, the last but one station, which lies 32 miles from Chester.
It seems likely that the Chester fortress was abandoned by the legions sometime in the fourth century, as there is no mention of Deva in the Notitia Dignitatum published around the turn of the fifth. The town is mentioned in the seventh century Ravenna Cosmology (R&C#86), appearing as Deva Victris, between the unknown towns Saudonio and Veratino.
Roman Lead Piping Naming Governor Julius Agricola
IMP•VESP•VIIII•T•IMP•VII•COS•CN•IVLIO•AGRICOLA•LEG•AVG•PR•PR
"Imperator Vespasian nine times and Imperator Titus seven times consul.¹ For Gnaeus Julius Agricola,² pro-praetorian legate of the emperor."
(Burn 27; RIB II; dated: 79AD)
The emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus and his like-named eldest son were ordinary consuls together for the last time from January 1st 79AD (a.u.c.832). Titus was entitled Caesar at the start of this year and became Imperator upon the death of Vespasian on 23rd June.
The propraetor Agricola governed Britain from 77-83AD.
Around 87AD the Second 'Assistant' Legion was withdrawn from Britain by the emperor Domitian to be used in his wars in Dacia, and to replace them at Chester Legio XX Valeria were forced to abandon their newly-built fortress at Inchtuthil on the Tay, and were withdrawn from Scotland in order to maintain a strong legionary presence outside North Wales.
The fortress was rebuilt in stone c.102AD, during the reign of Trajan. These defenses consisted of a massive stone wall, fronted by a double ditch and backed by a rampart of sand and clay. Antonine pottery of c.170 confirms occupation in the latter half of the second century. Further reconstruction is recorded on an inscription of Elagabalus (c.235) and repairs were made to the fortress wall c.301-306. By 383 the silting up of the river Dee was a major factor in the abandonment of the Deva Fortress.
A large amphitheatre outside the south-east corner of the fortress could seat eight thousand people. Recent excavations conducted on the site have revealed that the amphitheatre was preceded by a bath-house.
The Soldiers' Diet at Deva
The basic staple of the Roman soldier was bread, and each soldier was allocated about three pounds of corn per day in order to make a nourishing type of wholemeal loaf. When in garrison at the fortress, legionaires also ate a considerable quantity of meat. During excavations over the years at Chester many bones of animals and birds and the shells of molluscs have been uncovered, proving that the soldiers had a very healthy diet. The animal bones included those of domesticated Ox, Sheep, Goat and Pig, also game animals such as Red Deer, Roe Deer, and Boar, which were very likely being hunted and killed for sport. The bones of wild and domesticated fowl included those of Chicken, Duck, Goose, Pheasant and Swan. The main types of seafood consumed were Oysters and Mussels.
Epigraphic Evidence from Deva
LEG XX ? IVLI CA?NDIDI
"The Twentieth Legion. [Property] of Julius Candidus."
There are over 120 inscribed stones recorded in the R.I.B. for Chester, including; 18 altarstones to assorted gods (discussed separately below), 5 building inscriptions, 2 cohort and 6 centurial stones, and 5 unclassified. However, by far the most evidence has come in the form of tombstones, 94 of which have been recorded in total (a selection of which are shown below).
The Gods of Roman Chester
RIB445 - Altar dedicated to Fortune the Home-Bringer, Aesculapius, and Salus
To Fortune the Home-Bringer, to Aesculapius, and to Salus the freedmen and slave-household of Titus Pomponius Mamilianus Rufus Antistianus Funisulanus Vettonianus, son of Titus, of the Galerian voting-tribe, imperial legate, gave and dedicated this.
FORTVNAE REDVCI
[...]ESCVLAP ET SALVTI EIVS
LIBERT ET FAMILIA
[...] P[...]ṂPONI T F GAL MAMILIAN[...]
RVFI ANTISTIANI FVNISVLAN[...]
VETTON[...]ANI LEG AVG
Huebner (CIL) dates the lettering on the Chester stone to the end of the second century, but Haverfield (EE) questions this. Atkinson (JRS xii (1922) 65) interprets leg. Aug. as governor and dates him within a.d. 103 and 109; but Birley (in Askew, The Coinage of Roman Britain (1951) appendix I) does not include him in his list of governors. Collingwood (RBES (ed. 2, 1937) 120 n. 1) dates the lettering to the first half of the second century, and interprets leg. Aug. as legionary legate (so also Syme, JRS 47 (1957) 132 n. 7); he regards him as a brother or relative of, if not identical with, the Mamilianus who was a friend of the younger Pliny and consul in A.D. 100.Groag (PIR² note to F no. 570) assumes without question the identity of the Chester Mamilianus with the suffect consul of A.D. 100. Observe that, a generation later, T. Pomponius Antistianus, legate of Lycia-Pamphylia (IGRR iii 739, 14) and suffect consul in A.D. 120, has a nomenclature identical with the Chester one with the one exception of Mamilianus. This absence, however, might not exclude an identification of the Chester commandant with the consul of A.D. 120.See RIB 1879 for a Funisul[an]us Vetto[ni]anus as trib. coh. I Dac. on the third-century altar from Birdoswald.
There are eighteen known altarstones or dedicatory inscriptions to pagan gods recorded in Roman Chester, all of which are shown on this page. The deities best represented are the Genii or 'guardian spirits', of which there are six dedications, three to the genii centurionum or 'the spirits of the centuries' (vide RIB 446, 447 & 448), and other stones dedicated to 'the spirit of the Twentieth Legion' (RIB 449), 'the genius of the standards of the Twentieth Legion' (451) and another to the genius locum or 'the spirit of this place', this last one shared with the Numen Augusti or 'the Living Spirit of the Emperor' (450). The Numen Augusti is also celebrated on two more altarstones (458, 459). The only other deities to whom more than one altarstone is dedicated, each having two, are the god Jupiter (452, 453) and the mother goddesses (455, 456). Aside from the altarstone shared between Fortuna and Aesculapius (RIB 445), there are in addition five stones dedicated to individual deities; Mars Conservator (454), Minerva (457), Nemesis (573b), 'the Nymphs and Springs' (460), also one in Greek dedicated to Soter (461).
Altars Dedicated to the Genii or 'Guardian Spirits'
GENIO SANCTO CENTVRIE AELIVS CLAVDIAN OPT V S:
"To the guardian spirit of the century, Aelius Claudian, optio¹, fulfills his vow."
GENIO LEG XX VV D T VET:
"To the genius of the Valiant and Victorious Twentieth Legion, the veteran Decimus Titianus [dedicates this]."
GENIO SIGNIF LEG XX V V T FL VALERIANVS COLLEGIS D D:
"To the guardian spirit of the standards (or standard-bearers) of the Twentieth Legion, Valiant and Victorious, Titus Flavius Valerianus donated this offering for the brotherhood [of Signiferi]."
(RIB 448; altarstone)
(RIB 449)
Altars to Three Deities Whose Names Begin With 'M'
DEO MARTI CONSERV …TVS …:
"To the god Mars the Preserver […]"
DEAE MATRIB DONVM:
"For the Mother Goddesses, a gift."
DEAE MINERVAE FVRIVS FORTVNATVS MAG P V S:
"To the goddess Minerva, Furius Fortunatus the district magistrate¹ fulfils his vow."
The inscription has been expanded MAG[ister] P[agi].
RIB458 - Dedication-tablet
To the Divinity of the Emperor ... had this set up in accordance with his vow.
NVMINI AVG[... ...]
ALMAECERT [...]
NVS ACT COR[...]
EX VOTO FACI[...]
For this interpretation of Numini Aug(usti) in the singular (following Horsley's reading) see note to RIB 152.3. While act. could represent act(arius), act. cor. seems to be an impossible combination R.P.W. 4. About 10 letters deleted from the extant portion. This was presumably the title of a unit derived from an emperor whose memory was later condemned.
RIB461 - Altar dedicated to the Saviour Gods
To the mighty Saviour Gods I, Hermogenes, a doctor, set up this altar.
[...]ΗΡΣΙΝ
ΥΠΕΡΜΕΝΕΣΙΝ
ΕΡΜΟΓΕΝΗΣ
ΙΑΤΡΟΣ ΒΩΜΟΝ
ΤΟΝΔ ΑΝΕΘΗΚΑ
Hermogenes was presumably a medicus in leg. XX V. V. Addenda from RIB+add. (1995): Birley People, 89, notes that Hadrian's doctor was called Hermogenes (Dio 69.22); but the name is common.
RIB463 - Fragmentary inscription
... and for the Emperor Titus Caesar ... and for Caesar Domitian, son of (Vespasian) Augustus ..
[...]O CA[...]
[... ] DOMỊ[...]
The restoration here proposed would fit Vespasian and his two sons in A.D. 79, before his death on 24 June. This would agree with the date on the water-piping (EE ix 1039) installed at the completion of the fortress.
RIB464 - Inscription
The Emperor Caesar Nerva Trajan, Augustus, conqueror of Dacia, son of the deified Nerva, ..
IM[ ...]
NE[...]
D[...]
The inscription seems to have recorded the rebuilding in stone of the defences of the fortress under Trajan.The left-hand fragment was found in 1884. The right-hand fragment, though probably found at the same time, is not given in Williams Inscr. (of 1886). But the small fragment, W 8.89 cm × H 15.24 cm m, which Williams figures, with part of a, m, or v, probably formed part of m in l. 1, but has not been recorded since then. Addenda from RIB+add. (1995): 3. Since d[...], let alone D[ac(icus)], is far from certain, a Hadrianic date is quite possible.
The Roman Military at Deva Victrix Castra Legionis
The legionary garrison of the Deva fortress left ample epigraphic evidence of their occupancy over the years. As you would expect, the legion which occupied the fortress for the greatest length of time left the most evidence. The Twentieth Legion is represented on 5 altarstones and 28 tombstones, the Second Legion Adiutrix appears on 11 tombstones, and there is a single tombstone of a soldier from the Second Augustan Legion.
Legio Vicesimae Valeria Victrix The Twentieth Legion, Valiant and Victorious
RIB452 - Altar dedicated to Jupiter Tanarus Optimus Maximus
To Jupiter Tanarus, Best and Greatest, Lucius Elufrius Praesens of the Galerian voting-tribe, from Clunia, princeps of the Twentieth Legion Valeria Victrix, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his vow in the consulship of Commodus and Lateranus.
I O M TANARO
Ḷ [...] GALER
PRAESENS [...]VNIA
PRI LEG XX V V
COMMODO ET
LATERANO COS
V S L M
Clunia, in Hispania Tarraconensis.The princeps of a legion followed the primus pilus in order of seniority.Consulship of Commodus and Lateranus: A.D. 154; L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus was L. Verus (joint emperor 161-9).For Tanarus compare deo Taranucno CIL xiii 6478 (ILS 4624), CIL ibid. 6094 (ILS 4625); Iovi Taranuco CIL iii 2804 (ILS 4623); Taranis ara Lucan Phars. i 446. Addenda from RIB+add. (1995): For photographs of all four faces, and a discussion of the cult of Tanarus/Taranis, see Green, Chester ASJ 2nd Ser. 65 (1982), 37-44 with Pls. 1-2.
Thanks again to Terry Walsh for help with this translation.
The legion most readily associated with Chester is Legio Vicesimae Valeria Victrix, who occupied the fortress from c.88AD until the late-fourth century. They were not the original occupants of the Chester fortress, however, having replaced the Second Adiutrix. The evidence for this legion is great, with at least 28 tombstones of former sodiers and five inscribed altarstones dedicated by officers from the legion; three to various genii or guardian spirits (vide RIB 449, 450 & 451 supra), the obligatory altar to Jupiter Best and Greatest by a chief centurion (vide supra), and another dedicated by (or on behalf of) the entire legion to the 'Nymphs and Springs' (vide infra).
RIB460 - Altar dedicated to the Nymphs and Fountains
To the Nymphs and Fountains the Twentieth Legion Valeria Victrix (set this up).
In this area springs of excellent water are known. It is probable that this altar marked the source from which Roman Chester drew its water-supply. Addenda from RIB+add. (1995): Despite Hanshall's circumstantial account in Gent. Mag. loc. cit., there is a drawing of this altar by William Latham dated 16 June 1816 in the Lancashire Record Office (DP 292/44).
'Prefect of the Camp', the most prestigious legionary appointment for a long-serving centurion. The office was responsible for the day-to-day running of the fortress, also the provision of foodstuffs, building materials and military hardware.
The titles of this man are:
Emeritus – simply, a veteran soldier.
Augur – a member of an extensive priesthood who, by looking into the entrails of sacrificial victims, could predict the answer to a simple question asked of the gods.
Optio – second in command of a century, deputy to the centurion.
Brixellum was a town in northern Italy where the emperor Otho committed suicide, now Bressello near Mantua. Equally however, the home town of this legionary may have been Brixia, now Brescia, an Italian town from beyond the Po, north of Cremona.
The beneficiarii were soldiers exempt from normal duties in order to serve in some specialised capacity, in this case attached to the personal staff or bodyguard of the legionary legate.
Legio Secundae Adiutrix The Second 'Assistant' Legion
RIB482 - Funerary inscription for Voltimesis Pudens
Voltimesis Pudens, son of Gaius, of the Sergian voting-tribe, from Augusta, trooper of the Second Legion Adjutrix Pia Fidelis, aged 32 years, of 13 years' service, lies buried here.
ESIS ▸ PVDENS G ▸ FIL
SER ▸ AVGVSTA ▸ EQ
VES ▸ LEG ▸ II AD ▸ P ▸ F
ANNORVM ▸ XXXII
2. Augusta is Augusta Praetoria (Aosta). As CIL iii p. 73 assigns Augusta Alexandria Troas to tribus Aniensis, Ritterling, Westd. Zeitschr. 12 (1893) 107 n. 11 seems to be mistaken in making this Augusta Troas. Addenda from RIB+add. (1995): Birley (loc. cit.) notes that this Italian legionary would have been enrolled in A.D. 70, quite likely by Agricola himself.
RIB478 - Funerary inscription for Gaius Valerius Crispus
To Gaius Valerius Crispus, veteran from the Second Legion Adjutrix Pia [Fidelis ...
G VALERIO
VETRANO
EX LEG II
AD PIA
No commentary.
The Second Legion Adiutrix are thought to be responsible for the original timber-built fortress at Chester, arriving in the area c.79AD and remaining on station for only a decade before being withdrawn from Britain by the emperor Domitian for use in his Dacian wars, wherupon they were replaced by the Twentieth. The Second Adiutrix is attested on at least 11 tombstones recovered from the Deva environs, some of which are shown here.
RIB479 - Funerary inscription for Quintus Valerius Fronto
Quintus Valerius Fronto, son of Quintus, of the Claudian voting-tribe, from Celea, soldier of the Second Legion Adjutrix Pia Fidelis, aged 50, of 2[5] years' service [... lies here].
Q VALERI
VS Q F CLA
FRONTO CELE
A MILES LEG
II AD P F AN
NORVM L
STIPENDIORV
M XXṾ[...]
3. Celea, or usually Celeia, a municipium in Noricum. The numerals stating his years of service are damaged, but they probably ranged between 25 and 29. Forni, Il Reclutamento delle Legioni da Augusto a Diocleziano (1953) pp. 142-4 gives instances of soldiers who exceeded the normal term of 25 or 26 years. Birley loc. cit. shows that he was transferred from another legion.
RIB476 - Funerary inscription for Gaius Juventius Capito
Gaius Juventius Capito, (son) of Gaius, of the Claudian voting-tribe, from Aprus, soldier of the Second Legion Adjutrix Pia Fidelis, in the century of Julius Clemens, aged 40, of 7 (or 17) years' service [lies here].
G IVVENTIVS
G CLA CAPITO
APRO MIL LEG II
AD P F 𐆛 IVLI CLE
MENTIS ANN XL
STIP [...]VII
For Aprus see RIB 475.2. The omission of f(ilius) after G(ai) is not uncommon at Chester and elsewhere, and seems to be a variation without significance.
Legio Secundae Augusta The Second Augustan Legion
Other Military and Civilian Tombstones
Aside from two texts which are unclassified in the RIB (532 and 557), all of the inscriptions in the table below are from tombstones recovered from the Chester environs.
A beneficiarius tribunis was a soldier on the personal staff or bodyguard of the military tribunes in the legion.
A turma is a cavalry troop, numbering between 30 and 40 mounted troopers; there were around 120 cavalrymen in each Roman legion, organised into 3 or 4 turmae.
References for Deva Victrix / Castra Legionis
The Roman Inscriptions of Britain by R.G. Collingwood and R.P. Wright (Oxford 1965);
The Romans in Britain – An Anthology of Inscriptions by A.R. Burn (Blackwell, Oxford, 1969);
The Roman Military Diet by R.W. Davies in Britannia ii (1971) pp.122-142;
A Bronze Skillett-handle from Chester by J.C. McPeake & C.N. Moore in Britannia x (1978) p.329;
Chronology of the Ancient World by E.J. Bickerman (Thames & Hudson, London, 1980);
The Chester Gladiator Rediscovered by R. Jackson in Britannia xiv (1983) p.87;
An Italian Legionary at Chester by Eric Birley in Britannia xiv (1983) p.252;
Roman Chester by T.J. Strickland (Chester City Council, 1986, 2nd Imp.);
Roman Britain – A Sourcebook by S. Ireland (Routlege, New York, 1986);
Chester: The Canabae Legionis by D.J.P. Mason in Britannia xviii (1987) p.143;
The Use of Earthenware Tubes in Roman Vault Construction: An Example from Chester by D.J.P. Mason in Britannia xxi (1990) p.215;
Chronicle of the Roman Emperors by Chris Scarre (Thames & Hudson, London, 1995);
Map References for Deva Victrix / Castra Legionis
NGRef: SJ 404 662 OSMap: LR117
Roman Roads near Deva Victrix / Castra Legionis
Iter II: King Street: ENE (17) to Condate (Northwich, Cheshire) NNW (19) to Meols (Birkenhead, Merseyside) NE (19) to Wilderspool (Cheshire) Itinera II & XI: S (2) to Heronbridge King Street: ENE (17) to Nantwich


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On your final day, you may wish to try your hand at Sanuki Udon noodle-making. Please ask for information about tour extensions to the mountain-top temple town of Mount Koya with its monastery lodgings, the art island of Naoshima or the UNESCO World Heritage of Miyajima Island, and Tomonoura Bay on the Setouchi inland sea.
Travel south from your Shukubo pilgrims lodging by pre-booked and pre-paid taxi to Temple 11 Fujii-dera, a fascinating temple complex at the base of Mount Shosan-ji. From here you hike up the mountain to Temple 12 Shosan-ji (mountain and temple share the same name), then finally descend to the east. The walk is strenuous, but very rewarding with beautiful scenery. Stay overnight in a rural inn at the end of the trail.
There are three walking options today. Choose an easier day if you wish - explore the Ichinomiya Castle ruins near Temple 13 Dainichi-ji before heading onwards by bus. Or select one of the walking options: a moderate rural forest trail with some paved mountain roads provides lovely valley views. A more challenging walk combines this forest trail with a cultural walk, which visits Temple 13 Dainichi-ji and passes four other temples along mostly flat, paved paths through suburban areas. From the end of either trail, you board a bus to reach the small Onsen village of Kamiyama and your inn for the evening.
The more challenging option begins with the 3.5 hour moderate rural trail and then adds the more urban cultural temple walk of 9.2km / 5.7 miles along mostly flat paved roads.
After breakfast, spend some time exploring Kotohira Spa. Board a train after lunch for the return journey to Osaka or Kyoto, arriving late afternoon.


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text:
The Difference Between Consulting and Freelancing
Start Consulting
Start Freelancing
Manage Your Career
Genres and Markets
Finance & Money Tips
Working in the Gig Economy
All Freelancing & Consulting
Freelancing & Consulting Start Consulting
••• Simon Ritzmann/Getty Images
By Shannon Belew
Many people confuse consultants with freelancers. It's not unusual to interchange the terms "consulting" and "freelancing" when describing the services you perform as a contract worker. However, each word has a very different connotation when describing the type of relationship you plan to have with customers and the services you offer. Understanding these differences is an important part of positioning your business for future success.
What a Consultant Is
A consultant is a person who is paid to provide professional or expert advice in a particular field or specialty, such as advising a company on social media use or on increasing efficiency.
What a Freelancer Is
A freelancer works independently, selling work or services by the hour, day, or job — usually with no intent to pursue a permanent or long-term arrangement with a single employer. It's easy to see how you might confuse the two. After all, both convey the idea of performing work or services for other people or companies.
To further emphasize the difference, take a look at the synonyms commonly associated with each term. Synonyms for consultants may include descriptors, such as adviser, guru, and specialist. Synonyms for freelancers tend to be tied to a specific career field or job title, and most commonly that of writer, journalist, and graphic designer.
Why the Difference Is Important
When hiring a freelancer, customers tend to think of using your services for a short-term project with a very specific outcome. For example, writing a case study or designing a brochure. As a freelancer, your role is to take initial direction from the client and then go off and complete the assignment.
Typically, the work is done off-site, using your tools and resources. You control nearly every aspect of the project, including determining the best method for tackling the project and deciding the necessary timeline for completion. Once the project is finished, your relationship with the client may end until the next project comes along.
As a consultant, your clients look to you for detailed guidance on a particular area of expertise. For example, you may be hired as a crisis communication consultant or a marketing strategy consultant providing advice to the client. In many cases, the scope of the project is more extensive and could include several smaller projects within the overall agreement.
For instance, a marketing consultant may be hired to conduct competitor research, organize focus groups, oversee the development of an ad campaign, and write a marketing plan. For that reason, the work may occur as part of a long-term or ongoing commitment, as opposed to having a definitive start and finish date in only a few weeks.
If you are working on-site for the client, using the client's resources, and have your schedule dictated by the client, then you may also be considered an employee, under the definition of the IRS. In that case, you will receive a W-2 for the tax year, instead of a Form 1099 for miscellaneous income as an independent contractor.
A consultant is not more superior than a freelancer or vice versa. The value of your services is in the quality of performance and whether or not the objective of the project is achieved. However, the way in which you categorize your work does shape how your prospective clients view your terms of service. As a freelancer, you may be hired on a project-by-project basis while as a consultant, the scope of your work is usually broader and you could land a long-term gig that may even lead to permanent employment.
Why Every Consultant Should Have a Written Consulting Contract
How to Prepare a Business Requirements Document for a Business Project
How to Earn a Steady Income With a Retainer Fee
A Great Business Opportunity - On Demand Services for Small Business
This Example Statement of Work Contract Is a Freelancer Essential
How Does a Marketing Firm Grow Your Business?
How Do You Create a Nondisclosure Agreement Template for Freelancers?
Turn Your Passion into Profit with These Creative Freelance Careers
How to Avoid Common Pro Bono Consulting Traps
How Can a Consultant Help Your Nonprofit?
What Are the Best Niche Markets for Consultants?
Basic Contract Information and Template Samples for Freelancers
The Role, Responsibilities, and Skills of a Marketing Consultant
30 New Freelance Jobs for Writers
What are the Pros and Cons of Using a Freelance Lawyer?
Should I Hire an Employee or a Contract Worker?


Jurassic Park's Jeff Goldblum is a married man again!
Goldblum's rep confirms that the 62-year-old actor married his love, 31-year-old former gymnast Emilie Livingston, on Nov. 8.
The couple reportedly exchanged vows in front of friends and family at the Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles.
After Goldblum popped the question on July 8, the couple celebrated in Hawaii. Shortly after that, Livingston showed off her engagement ring after saying they picked it out together.
Goldblum previously appeared in one of the most amazing wedding photos with a dinosaur chasing behind him and his fiance as they were in the wedding party of Pamela and Jesse Sargent. We'll have to wait and see if any dinosaurs made it into his own photos!
This is Goldblum's third marriage. Previously, he was married to Patricia Gould for six years, 1980-1986, and Geena Davis for three, 1987-1990.
Watch what Jeff Goldblum has to say about his role in a possible Independence Day sequel in the video below.


text:
.class Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/SelectItemResponseData;
.super Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/ResponseData;
.source "ResponseData.java"

# instance fields
.field private mId:I

# direct methods
.method public constructor <init>(I)V
    .locals 0
    .param p1, "id"    # I

    .prologue
    .line 68
    invoke-direct {p0}, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/ResponseData;-><init>()V

    .line 69
    iput p1, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/SelectItemResponseData;->mId:I

    .line 70
    return-void
.end method

# virtual methods
.method public format(Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;)V
    .locals 2
    .param p1, "buf"    # Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;

    .prologue
    .line 75
    sget-object v1, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/ComprehensionTlvTag;->ITEM_ID:Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/ComprehensionTlvTag;

    invoke-virtual {v1}, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/ComprehensionTlvTag;->value()I

    move-result v1

    or-int/lit16 v0, v1, 0x80

    .line 76
    .local v0, "tag":I
    invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;->write(I)V

    .line 77
    const/4 v1, 0x1

    invoke-virtual {p1, v1}, Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;->write(I)V

    .line 78
    iget v1, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/cat/SelectItemResponseData;->mId:I

    invoke-virtual {p1, v1}, Ljava/io/ByteArrayOutputStream;->write(I)V

    .line 79
    return-void
.end method


The number of employees dedicated to quality administration varies based on contact center size. In some contact centers, a supervisor is also the quality evaluator and the quality administrator.
Create policies that automatically occur on interactions with a specific agent, duration, or other criteria. Policy actions include deleting, retaining, and assigning an evaluation for an interaction.
Assign interactions and quality evaluation forms to quality evaluators.
評価フォーム Create interaction evaluation forms for quality evaluators to use.
品質管理者のダッシュボード Display evaluation and calibration activity.
An expert evaluator becomes a benchmark for scoring interactions in the calibration process.
品質評価者のダッシュボード Display assigned and completed evaluations.
View evaluations of customer interactions.
エージェント ダッシュボード Display data on performance, time management, and evaluations.


text:
Home Graphic Novels Launch DC Launch Batman: White Knight Presents GN TP
I Hate Fairyland Volume 1 GN TP R199.00
Green Arrow Vol. 1: The Midas Touch (The New 52) GN TP R280.00
After years of epic battles, the Dark Knight finally finds a way to cure the twisted mind of his archenemy. The Joker…is now sane. The Clown Prince of Crime has now changed his ways, fighting for good in Gotham City, and it may just cause Batman to go over the edge of his own sanity.
SKU: HC16-BWK Categories: Top 25 Graphic Novels, Graphic Novels, Launch, DC Launch, DC Graphic Novels, Batman Graphic Novels Tags: batman, Comics, THE JOKER, WHITE KNIGHT
Uncanny Avengers Vol 02 Apocalypse Twins | Hard Cover | GN
Graphic Novels, Marvel
(W) Rick Remender, Gerry Duggan (A) Daniel Acuña, Adam Kubert (CA) John Cassaday
The future begins in the past! It's an 11th century clash of the titans as Thor battles Apocalypse! The Avengers' ancestors are being hunted, with Rama-Tut and Kang pulling the strings, and only a young Thor can save his future companions! And in the present, the beginning of the end looms as the Apocalypse Twins debut! Why are they targeting the Celestials? What is their connection to Kang? And how is Thor responsible for their mighty power? Apocalypse's Ship attacks S.W.O.R.D., a Celestial meets a shocking fate, and the Four Horsemen of Death are unleashed! And as the Twins' new henchmen shatter the Uncanny Avengers, Wolverine discovers the Midnight City - and immediately wishes he hadn't! When all hope dies, Ragnarok begins! Plus: Kang and the Apocalypse Twins enter the Age of Ultron! Collecting UNCANNY AVENGERS #6-11 and #8AU
Donny Cates Crossover Vol 1 GN TP
Cross Over, Graphic Novels, Launch, Image
(W) Donny Cates (A/CA) Geoff Shaw & Various
Imagine everything you thought was fantasy... was real. And now join us, in a world where reality is dead...and anything is possible...The powerhouse creative team of DONNY CATES (Venom, Thor), GEOFF SHAW (GOD COUNTRY, Thanos Wins), DEE CUNNIFFE (REDNECK), and JOHN J. HILL (NAILBITER) have reunited after a string of breakout hits for an all-new, genre-defying series.Collects CROSSOVER #1-6.
Nova: Origin HC GN
Graphic Novels, Marvel, Marvel Launch
(W) Jeph Loeb (A/CA) Ed McGuinness
The new Human Rocket roars into action! Sam Alexander is a kid bound by the gravity of a small town - and a father whose ridiculous, drunken fairy tales about a "Nova Corps" were just another heavy burden. But lucky for Sam, gravity soon won't even matter - and those troubles will be a billion miles away. It's a boy, a helmet and an intergalactic legacy! As Sam trains with the Guardians of Galaxy's Gamora and Rocket Raccoon, the helmet leads Nova into intergalactic conflict that will affect the entire Marvel Universe! Mysteries are revealed in this breathtaking new series by the best-selling, award-winning team of Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness (Hulk, Avengers: X-Sanction)! Collecting NOVA (2013) #1-5 and material from POINT ONE #1 and MARVEL NOW! POINT ONE #1.
Batman New Gotham TP GN
After spending a year cut off from the rest of the nation as the lawless "No Man's Land," Gotham is rebuilding. The people have returned and law has been restored-as much as it ever can be in Gotham. Crime and gang activity are still rampant, and tensions are growing between factions of Gothamites who remained in the city throughout the military cordon and those who evacuated but are now returning to their homes.With so much at stake, Batman and the police department have their hands full maintaining the newly restored peace. But that fragile status quo is threatened when Ra's al Ghul and his shape-shifting accomplice, Whisper A'Daire, spur the city's gangs into a turf war over a mysterious serum that offers eternal life to whoever drinks it…Comics legend Greg Rucka (WONDER WOMAN, BATWOMAN) with artists Shawn Martinbrough (THIEF OF THIEVES) and Steve Mitchell (THE INVINCIBLE IRON MAN) bring Batman and his city back from the brink of destruction in this first volume of the sequel to the best-selling epic BATMAN: NO MAN'S LAND. Collects DETECTIVE COMICS #742-753.
Castle: Richard Castle's Storm Season Graphic Novel HC
Superman Red Son New Edition GN TP
Graphic Novels, Top 25 Graphic Novels, Launch, DC Launch, DC Graphic Novels, Superman Graphic Novels
DC's classic 3-issue epic is back in this new trade paperback. In this tale of Cold War paranoia, the spaceship carrying the infant Superman lands in the 1950s Soviet Union, where he grows up to become a symbol of Soviet power.
Uncanny Avengers Vol 05 Stars and Garters GN TP
(W) Jim Zub (A/CA) Sean Izaakse
Wanda Maximoff has returned to the Avengers at last! But not everyone is happy about it. Will the team be split down the middle by the Scarlet Witch's arrival? And as the Unity Squad faces this challenge to group harmony head-on, an old enemy makes his explosive return at the worst possible time! Our heroes' lives will be turned upside down by friend and foe alike! Then, two of Earth's mightiest friends reunite at last! When it comes to super-heroics, Wonder Man and the Beast have seen it, done it and gotten the T-shirt. So what happens when Hank and Simon share a beer or two? Would you believe the Juggernaut crashes the party?! There'll be stars and garters, love and loss - but where does the Unity Squad go from here? Collecting UNCANNY AVENGERS (2015) #26-30
Civil War GN TP
(W) Mark Millar (A/CA) Steve McNiven
The landscape of the Marvel Universe is changing, and it's time to choose: Whose side are you on? In the wake of a superhuman tragedy, Capitol Hill proposes the Superhuman Registration Act, requiring all costumed heroes to unmask themselves before the United States government. Divided, the nation's greatest champions must each decide how to react - a decision that will alter the course of their lives forever! Captain America rejects the Act and goes underground, Iron Man steps up to spearhead the registration effort - and Marvel's heroes split right down the middle! The shocking crossover that rewrites the rules, Civil War stars Spider-Man, the New Avengers, the Fantastic Four, the X-Men and the entirety of the Marvel pantheon! Collecting CIVIL WAR (2006) #1-7, MARVEL SPOTLIGHT: MARK MILLAR/STEVE MCNIVEN


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Build in a box window seat for some extra seating or to make use of a window space for a book nook/chill out zone. We love this one from Newcastle Design, with built in storage below the seat.
We love this idea from Remodeling Zone for using the end of unit space for an organiser area. They have attached holders for pencils and a calendar and cubbies for family members to pop things into. And some nice pics to inspire.
Love this idea from BHG.com for a wraparound bench or banquette to make a breakfast nook. Again there is built in storage below the seating and you just have a bench on the outside and can fit lots of kids, friends and family in!
Pull out storage helps maximise cupboard space like this example from Remodelaholic.com with a thin pantry-style pull out cupboard, clever built-in shelving and clearly labelled containers giving everything a home.
This lovely "Family Recipe" is a stick-on vinyl and is available on Etsy while the "Family Rules" is a free printable available on Lil Luna.
Or you could find a nice quote and have a go at painting the lettering on yourself!
This is a genius idea from Divine Design + Build to put plates in a drawer rather than a high up cupboard – no more excuses like "I can't reach the plates" for setting the table!
Go for a bright colour for an accent in your kitchen. For example, these blue kitchen counter stools on this renovation project on BHG.com not only brighten the room up but they make a nice feature and draw the eye to the feature. They have matched the colour of the stools with other accessories too.
Another great idea for kids for easier access for cutlery. Store the cutlery in tubs vertically instead of the usual horizontal in a tray option.
While we tend to go online for recipes nowadays, there are still some favourite cookbooks I keep and use and I'm always struggling for where to keep them in my kitchen.
I love the way this kitchen has used an end space by building shelving for cookbook storage.
Over to you now. Have you enjoyed these family kitchen ideas? Did you put anything in place in your kitchen that has really worked? Tell us in the comments below.
Previous articleThese Water Parks in Ireland Are Well Wicked!


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HomeLuxuryCHRONOMETER CALIBER
CHRONOMETER CALIBER
Heir to over 150 years of watchmaking expertise, the legacy of a long line of watchmakers, Grand Prix puts its stamp on Swiss watchmaking tradition. Bringing mechanical excellence together with fine craftsmanship, the new Superlative COSC beats to the tempo of an extra-thin, COSC-certified chronometer caliber.
Its elegantly slim silhouette reveals a wealth of perfectly executed finishes which can be contemplated through the sapphire back. The dial deploys a sophisticated composition of contrasting circles around an intricately skeletonized central rosette, creating subtle textures against the elegant beauty of gold tones.
Mirroring the applied hour-markers, mesmerizing diamonds prolong this composition that culminates in a magnificently architectured two-tone bracelet. The watch features a mechanical automatic movement with a Soprod A10 extra-thin caliber, COSC-certified chronometer, circular-graining, Côtes de Genève on the oscillating weight.
The stainless steel case measures 41 mm with an 18K gilding on the bezel and crown. An anti-reflective sapphire crystal, covers the front and back and the watch is water-resistant to 50 meters. The dial of the watch is Gold-toned with skeletonized rosette in the centre and diamond hour-markers. There is a date window at 3 o'clock with a two-tone bracelet/strap two-tone steel.
Grand Prix was founded by Guy A. Cattin at the end of the 20th century. He represents the 6th generation in charge of the Cattin Swiss watchmaker family. In 2014, the company was transferred from Neuchâtel to the Swiss Jura, where the Cattin family has continued producing watches for over 150 years and Grand Prix has gained the inheritance.


Helen turns over, tugging the covers in. She looks out across the room, through the half-light of night. Her brother is in the bed opposite.
"Ben?" she sounds out his name.
Helen sighs, falling back on her back she stares up at the ceiling.
"She's going to find out." Ben turns over, propping his head on his arm, he looks across the dim interior at his sister in the opposite bed. His mind spins with further things to say, but his mouth says none of them. He just lies there on his side, staring out, and thinking.
Silence lingers. Outside, cars move on the road, their headlights occasionally penetrating the gloom of the room before sweeping back out into the night.
"Who'd have thought?" Helen turns her head and looks over at Ben, "My little brother, all in love…" she grins.
Ben bites his lip. Love? Is that what it is? He turns inward to consider the evening, and map out possible futures. Again silence lingers in the air.
Let's make it a half dozen shall we?
Woo to 40000! I must get back to writing properly.


During his talk "Price of Complexity and Complexity of Price in Financial Neworks" at the Conference on Complex Systems, held this week in Cancun, Mexico, Battiston proposed to deepen the study of how business models of financial institutions work to create future plans and solutions before economic crises.
What we can learn from networks science is to make a financial systems resistant, able to serve society in better ways. Battiston indicates that the right way to prevent financial problems is to build institutions environmentally and socially responsable.
The researcher detailed that when financial institutions create networks and contracts among them, without an external agent, there is a higher probability for them to avoid accomplishing those contracts. These institutions can lead to financial problems that eventually would impact society.
That is why it is vey important to discuss and develop science to understand financial networks. "We need more complex science focused on finance", he said.


text:
L'Art de ne pas dire n'importe quoi (titre original anglais :
, littéralement « Comment ne pas se tromper : le pouvoir de la pensée mathématique ») est un livre écrit par Jordan Ellenberg, montrant l'application à diverses questions économiques et sociétales de principes mathématiques et statistiques ; il fait partie de la liste des best-sellers de 2014 établie par le New York Times.

Résumé
L'Art de ne pas dire n'importe quoi explicite les mathématiques sous-tendant beaucoup de nos simples choix quotidiens, puis analyse des décisions plus complexes. Par exemple, Ellenberg analyse de nombreuses idées fausses concernant les loteries, et en particulier examine si oui ou non elles peuvent être battues mathématiquement.

Ellenberg utilise les mathématiques pour étudier des questions du monde réel allant du fétichisme des lignes droites dans les études épidémiologiques de l'obésité à l'application de la théorie des jeux au risque de manquer son avion, de l'explication des contre-performances sportives par la loi de régression vers la moyenne jusqu'au  montrant une apparente absence de corrélation entre deux maladies pourtant évidemment liées entre elles.

Plan détaillé
Les sous-titres ci-dessous sont traduits de l'édition originale, et ne correspondent pas nécessairement à la version française.

1. Linéarité
Ch. 1 : Moins de suéditude (Less like Sweden)
 Ellenberg encourage ses lecteurs à penser de manière non linéaire et à savoir que . Pour préciser sa pensée, il établit un lien avec les Reaganomics et les courbes de Laffer de la fiscalité. Bien qu'il y ait peu  de nombres dans ce chapitre, le fait est que la compréhension qualitative des phénomènes est toujours liée à la pensée mathématique.

Ch. 2 : Localement droit, globalement courbe (Straight locally, curved globally)
 Ce chapitre met l'accent sur l'importance de reconnaître que , et fait référence à de nombreux concepts mathématiques, comme le théorème de Pythagore, le calcul de  Pi, les paradoxes de Zénon, et l'analyse non standard.

Ch. 3 : Tous obèses (Everyone is obese)
 Ici, Ellenberg dissèque quelques statistiques sur l'évolution de l'obésité aux États-Unis. Il établit un lien avec la régression linéaire et souligne les contradictions fondamentales soulevées par les arguments présentés à l'origine. Il utilise de nombreux exemples pour faire valoir son point de vue, comme la corrélation entre les résultats au SAT et les taux de frais de scolarité, ou l'observation de la trajectoire des missiles.

Ch. 4 : Combien ça fait en Américains morts ?  (How many is that in dead Americans ?)
Analyses de statistiques concernant le nombre de victimes de guerres et d'attentats dans différents pays. Bien que les pourcentages (en proportion des populations concernées) importent dans ce cas, cela n'a pourtant pas toujours de sens de les rapporter à la population américaine . Ellenberg illustre cela à l'aide d'exemples de morts par cancer du cerveau, de la formule du binôme, et de sondages électoraux.

Ch. 5 : Trop de gâteau (More pie than plate)
 Ce chapitre analyse en profondeur des calculs de pourcentages concernant le taux de chômage, et les analyses politiques qui en résultent. Il insiste sur le fait que « les chiffres exacts ne sont pas importants ; les mathématiques interviennent pour savoir quoi diviser par quoi », et ajoute qu'en ce sens, les mathématiques sont partout.

2. Inférence
Ch. 6 : Le courtier de Baltimore et le code de la Bible (The Baltimore stockbroker and the Bible code)
 Ellenberg insiste dans ce chapitre sur le fait que « il est probable que des choses improbables surviennent », rappelant par exemple que chaque semaine, quelqu'un gagne au Loto. Il utilise des exemples comme le code de la Bible, et montre comment les mathématiques interviennent dans l'analyse des coïncidences de la vie quotidienne.

Ch. 7 : Les poissons morts ne lisent pas les esprits (Dead fish don't read minds)
 Dans ce chapitre, les thèmes abordés portent sur la nécessité de tests plus contraignants pour des hypothèses a priori peu vraisemblables, ainsi que l'étude de variantes de la loi des séries, comme la notion de «  » au baseball.

Ch. 8 : Reductio ad improbalum (Reductio ad unlikely)
 Ce chapitre analyse des concepts mathématiques et logiques, partant du raisonnement par l'absurde et allant jusqu'à un exposé des résultats récents de  Zhang Yitang sur les écarts entre nombres premiers.

Ch. 9 : Le Journal international des haruspices (The international journal of haruspicy)
 Ellenberg imagine un journal qui analyserait la pratique des haruspices en utilisant les valeurs p, rappelant que Jerzy Neyman et Egon Pearson affirmaient que les statistiques servaient à faire des choix et non des interprétations.

Ch. 10 : Dieu, Es-tu là ? C'est moi, l'inférence bayésienne (Are you there, God ? It's me, Bayesian inference)
 Dans ce chapitre sont explorés divers concepts et raisonnements liés à l'inférence bayésienne, allant du pari de Pascal  aux algorithmes utilisés par Facebook pour prédire des risques d'attaques terroristes.

3. Espérance
Ch. 11 : À quoi s'attendre quand on espère gagner au Loto (What to expect when you are expecting to win the lottery)
 Analyse des probabilités et des espérances de gain, contenant l'histoire de l'exploitation de failles par les étudiants du MIT, mais aussi celle de l'aiguille de Buffon.

Ch. 12 : Manquez plus d'avions (Miss more planes)
 Parmi les concepts introduits figurent celui d'utilité ; il s'en sert pour étudier le temps perdu dans les aéroports comparé au risque de manquer l'avion, et pour résoudre le paradoxe de Saint-Pétersbourg.

Ch. 13 : Quand les rails se rencontrent (Where the train tracks meet)
 Partant de l'invention de la géométrie projective par les peintres de la Renaissance, ce chapitre introduit les codes correcteurs d'erreurs et le plan de Fano.

4. Régression
Ch. 14 : Le triomphe des médiocres (The triumph of mediocrity)
 Ce chapitre étudie (et réfute) l'analyse de la médiocrité dans les entreprises faite par , la mettant en relation avec les baisses de performance au baseball.

Ch. 15 : L'ellipse de Galton (Galton's ellipse)
 Ce chapitre étudie  l'œuvre de Sir Francis Galton, et plus particulièrement son analyse des nuages de points, les ellipses les représentant, et le calcul de corrélations.

Ch. 16 : Est-ce que le cancer du poumon pousse à fumer davantage ?  (Does lung cancer makes you smoke cigarettes ?)

 Analyse de la signification de corrélations,  mettant l'accent sur certaines erreurs d'interprétation, telles que le.

5. Existence
Ch. 17 : L'opinion publique n'existe pas (There is no such thing as public opinion)

 Ce chapitre compare différents systèmes de votes et de sondages d'opinion, pour arriver à la conclusion qu'en général, on ne peut pas dégager d'opinion collective cohérente. Il introduit différents concepts mathématiques issus de la théorie de la décision et de la théorie du choix social, analysant en particulier le paradoxe de Condorcet.

Ch. 18 : « En partant de rien, j'ai créé un nouvel univers étrange » (« Out of nothing, I have created a strange new universe »)

 Partant du travail de János Bolyai sur la géométrie non euclidienne, ce chapitre décrit l'apparition du formalisme en mathématiques, mentionnant en particulier les travaux de David Hilbert et de Gottlob Frege.

Conclusion : Comment avoir raison (How to be right)
En conclusion, le principe d'explosion est introduit. L'auteur conclut sur une note rassurante, en expliquant qu'on a le droit de se tromper et qu'on apprend de nos erreurs.

Accueil critique
Bill Gates a apporté son soutien à How Not to Be Wrong, l'incluant dans sa liste de 2016 intitulée .

L'accueil par la presse généraliste, ainsi que par des publications plus spécialisées comme le Wall Street Journal, est enthousiaste ; par exemple, le Washington Post décrit le livre comme .

Références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Essai paru en 2014
Livre de vulgarisation mathématique


text:
MENTAL MAJOR DIAGNOSIS AND THOUGHT DISORDER GRANDIOSE MOOD DISORDER BIPOLAR AND PTSD AND NARCISSISTIC DISORDER AND FORMICATION OTHER TERMS ABOUT 6 ARTICLES FEB 26 2019
Submitted by Unregistered User on Tue, 02/26/2019 - 13:29
Article lithium/ lithium poison/ lithium effects electrolyte excretion /application automated techniques assessing psychotropic drug induced side effects /narcissistic personality disorder articles
Lithium and Thyroid Function in Manic-Depressive Psychosis
RONALD R. FIEVE, and STANLEY PLATMAN
Published online: April 01, 2006 | http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.125.4.527 (link is external)
The authors report a possible long-termn side effect of lithium treatment in cases of manic-depressive disease. They examined 19 manic-depressive patients who had been on long-term lithium carbonate therapy and found that six had goiters and four others had evidence of thyroid pathology. Related studies and findings are reported, and possible mechanisms underlying the high incidence of thyroid pathology are discussed.
Lithium Poisoning
MOGENS SCHOU, AMDI AMDISEN, and JENS TRAP-JENSEN
The increasing use of lithium in the treatment of manic-depressive disorder raises the risk of poisoning, either by mismanagement of treatment or by accident. The authors report on the prodromes, clinical pictures, and outcomes of eight cases of lithium poisoning in Denmark and present their conclusions concerning prevention and therapy.
Overview: narcissistic personality disorder.
Akhtar S, Thomson JA Jr.
The authors trace the evolution of narcissistic personality disorder as a nosological entity in a critical survey of the literature, considering and comparing differing theoretical viewpoints regarding the genesis of this disorder. They review its various descriptions, including the one in DSM-III, and develop a composite picture of the syndrome. The disorder consists of characteristic deficits in six broad areas of functioning: 1) self-concept, 2) interpersonal relationships, 3) social adaptation, 4) ethics, standards, and ideals, 5) love and sexuality, and 6) cognitive style. The authors identify guidelines for distinguishing the narcissistic personality from other personality disorders as well as areas needing continued research.
PMID: 7034551 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.139.1.12
Lithium Effects on Electrolyte Excretion
JOE P. TUPIN, GEORGE K. SCHLAGENHAUF, and DANIEL L. CRESON
Lithium carbonate was administered to normal controls and to manic-depressive patients under carefully controlled conditions. Particular attention was given to diet. The authors found that lithium clearly affects the metabolism of sodium and calcium and, to some extent, magnesium. Minimal affective and behavioral effects of the lithium were noted by the normal controls. There was some suggestion of abnormality in the circadian (24-hour) rhythm of temperature and some other physiological measurements among the manic-depressive group.
The Application of Automated Techniques in Assessing Psychotropic-Drug-Induced Side Effects
J. M. C. HOLDEN, and T. M. ITIL
In response to the need for standardization of methodology in assessing the side effects of psychotropic drugs, the authors describe a rating scale, structured for computer optical reading, to measure changes in physical and laboratory data. They feel that the method described, used on patients who are on low drug dosages, will provide predictors of possible abnormalities later when higher dosages are used.
Am J Psychiatry. 1982 Jan;139(1):12-20.
10.1176/ajp.139.1.12
I. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), once called shell shock or battle fatigue, is a mental health problem that can occur following the direct experience or witnessing of life- threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults. PTSD is a medically recognized anxiety disorder that occurs in normal individuals under extremely stressful conditions. Most people who experience a traumatic event will have reactions that may include shock, anger, nervousness, fear, and even guilt. These reactions are common and for most people go away over time. People who suffer from PTSD often relive the experience over and over again through a range of symptoms (e.g., nightmares and uncontrollable thoughts, difficulty sleeping, and feeling detached or estranged from other people), and these symptoms can be severe enough and can last long enough to significantly affect the person's quality of life and ability to function (Veterans Healthcare Administration, 2011; United States Department of Veteran Affairs, n.d.).
For individuals suffering from PTSD, the area of the brain that processes emotions is also more likely to be triggered by stimuli, regardless of whether the stimulus has anything to do with the original trauma. These biologically based body-changes that occur with PTSD help explain why a veteran might react to noises differently, such as fireworks or a helicopter flying overhead or certain odors, textures, climates, and situations. As a result of these PTSD-related biological changes, the ability to tell the difference between a real threat and a perceived threat can be impaired (National Alliance of Mental Illness [NAMI], 2011).
Signs and symptoms of PTSD occur most frequently within 3 months of the traumatic experience but can often be delayed for years. The severity and duration of PTSD can vary greatly among people but the symptoms can usually fit into three main categories including:
Reliving (Re-experiencing):
• Reliving the ordeal through thoughts and memories of the trauma.
• Flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares.
• Physical reactions to triggers that symbolize or resemble the event (NAMI, 2011).
Avoiding (Feeling numb, Hypoarousal):
• Avoiding people, places, thoughts, or situations that may remind him/her of the trauma.
• Feelings of detachment and isolation from friends and family, as well as a loss of interest in things the person once enjoyed.
• Difficulty thinking about the long-term future. Sometimes this is expressed in an inability to plan for the future or risk-taking because the individual may not see themselves living a full lifespan (NAMI, 2011).
Increased Arousal (Hyperarousal):
• Includes excessive emotions; problems relating to others, including feeling or showing affection; difficulty falling or staying asleep; irritability; outbursts of anger; difficulty concentrating; and being "jumpy" or easily startled.
• The person may also suffer physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea (WebMD, 2012).
Katrine sackett32463 info: internet _________________________________________________________________________
MOOD DISORDER -----------------BIPOLAR
Mood congruence is a type of recall biased mood congruent memory, not to be mistaken with mood-dependent memory, where an individual's current mood or affective state determines the affective association of the memories that are recalled.
What does it mean to be congruent in psychology?
Carl Rogers believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization they must be in a state of congruence. This means that self-actualization occurs when a person's "ideal self" (i.e. who they would like to be) is congruent with their actual behavior (self-image).
What does it mean to be incongruent?
in·con·gru·ent. adjective. The definition of incongruent is not the same, not compatible or out of place. When you take one position on something and then a second later you take a contrary position, this is an example of a situation where your statements would be described as incongruent.
What is Carl Rogers concept of congruence?
Rogers described the concepts of congruence and incongruence as important ideas in his theory. In proposition #6, he refers to the actualizing tendency. At the same time, he recognized the need for positive regard.
What is incongruent communication?
incongruent communication. [inkong′gro̅o̅·ənt] a communication pattern in which the sender gives conflicting messages on verbal and nonverbal levels and the listener does not know which message to accept.
What is a somatic delusion?
The fixed, false belief that one's bodily functioning, sensation, or appearance is grossly abnormal. The somatic delusion has to do with thinking that your body is diseased in some way Sometimes these delusions include things like the idea that one's body is completely infested with parasites (clearly untrue).
hallucinations (experiencing things that are not real) and/or delusions (believing things that are not real).
Incongruent means "conflicting." ------OR----- By contrast, congruent means "in agreement." ---
Incongruent means "conflicting." As such, mood incongruence implies that the symptoms conflict with the person's current mood. Examples include:
• Laughing when your dog dies
• Believing you have super powers despite going through a major depressive episode
In each case, the actions of the person do not match either the situation or emotional state. The delusion of super powers, for example, in no way coincides with themes of powerlessness that are inherent in depression.
By contrast, congruent means "in agreement." In this case, any symptoms, however extreme, are considered mood-congruent when they in agreement with the person's current mood.
examples include: Feeling suicidal when your dog dies Believing you have super powers when you are going through a manic episode However unreasonable the response may be, they nevertheless match the circumstance or emotional state of that person at that moment.
Congruent---means mood demonstrating(acting) and behavior demonstrating(acting) match ---OR---incongruent—means mood demonstrating(act) and behavior demonstrating(acting) don't match
Erotomanic – Delusion of a special, loving relationship with another person, usually someone famous or of higher standing. (This kind of delusion is sometimes at the root of stalking behavior.) Jealous – Delusion that a sexual partner is being unfaithful. .,MORBID INCLINATION- noxious,vicious,grossly immoral,vicious temper,vicious Gossip,depraved,vicious deception,(profligate - ADJECTIVE wasteful, extravagant,dash,moral hazard- Disregarding accepted rules. Or ignoring societal standards)( To drive away; to overcome.)
Mood disorder ---------------------------------------------------bipolar
What is grandiose delusions?
A delusion of grandeur is the fixed, false belief that one possesses superior qualities such as genius, fame, omnipotence, or wealth. It is most often a symptom of schizophrenia, but can also be a symptom found in psychotic or bipolar disorders, as well as dementia (such as Alzheimer's)(ability level)
What is a delusion in psychology?
A delusion is a belief that is clearly false and that indicates an abnormality in the affected person's content of thought. The false belief is not accounted for by the person's cultural or religious background or his or her level of intelligence 2014)
persecutory delusions are a set of delusional conditions in which the affected persons believes they are being persecuted. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements:[1]
1. The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur.
2. The individual thinks that the perceived persecutor has the intention to cause harm.
3. Persecutory – Delusion that the person is being threatened or maltreated.
According to the DSM-IV-TR, persecutory delusions are the most common form of delusions in paranoid schizophrenia, where the person believes "he or she is being tormented, followed, tricked, spied on, or ridiculed."[2] They are also often seen in schizoaffective disorder and, as recognized by DSM-IV-TR, constitute the cardinal feature of the persecutory subtype of delusional disorder, by far the most common. Delusions of persecution may also appear in manic and mixed episodes of bipolar disease, polysubstance abuse, and severe depressive episodes with psychotic features, particularly when associated with bipolar illness.
Contents 4 References
Legal aspects[edit]
When the focus is to remedy some injustice by legal action, they are sometimes called "querulous paranoia".[3]
In cases where reporters of stalking behavior have been judged to be making false reports, a majority of them were judged to be delusional.[4][5]
Treatment of delusions depends upon the underlying cause. It is important for practitioners to differentiate between delusions of grandeur and simple hopes for the future. A person, for example, who wants to be president one day is likely not experiencing a delusion of grandeur
A delusion of grandeur is the false belief in one's own superiority, greatness, or intelligence.(ability level) People experiencing delusions of grandeur do not just have high self-esteem; instead, they believe in their own greatness and importance even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Someone might, for example, believe they are destined to be the leader of the world, despite having no leadership experience and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. Delusions of grandeur are characterized by their persistence. They are not just moments of fantasy or hopes for the future.
A delusion is a false belief that is maintained despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. Beliefs associated with religion or with widespread social norms within a particular culture are not considered delusions, and beliefs based upon incomplete or incorrect information also do not qualify as delusions.
Mood-congruent delusions are directly related to a person's current mood. For example, a person with depression may believe everybody hates them, while an individual experiencing a period of mania may believe they are famous. Mood-neutral delusions, on the other hand, are not related to a person's emotional state.
suggesting falseness or exaggeration in claims --------or------------grandiose
adjective---The definition of grandiose is something that is grand or magnificent or something that is trying to be impressive but is much too large, making it seem pretentious or overdone. An example of something that
would be described as grandiose is an excessively large mansion decorated in an overdone way just to impress the neighbors.
From katrine sackett32463 info: internet
Pharmaceutical Representative www.pharmrep.com (link is external) | May 2008
Major categories of psychiatric disorders
Anxiety disorder – Recurrent, persistent anxiety inappropriate to real-life
circumstances; undermines the patient's ability to function at work and
at home.
Mood disorder – A prolonged abnormal emotional state – usually
depression or elation – that affects overall mental health.
Psychotic disorder – Distorted thinking (false perceptions of reality),
delusions and an inability to recognize reality.
Organic mental disorder – Brain dysfunctions that produce psychological
and behavioral symptoms.
Impulse control disorder – Inability to resist the impulse to perform
an act that is harmful to the patient or others.
Disorders fi rst evident in infancy, childhood or adolescence – Include
mental retardation, attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and
pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).
Substance-related disorders – Psychoactive substance-use disorders
result from the physical effects of using psychoactive substances.
Substance-induced disorders include the physical and/or behavioral
conditions that result from substance abuse.
Somatoform disorder – Physical symptoms are related to psychological
sources rather than to physical disease.
Dissociative disorder – A split in a patient's identity, memory or
Personality disorder – Personality traits that form a syndrome that
results in distress or disability (e.g., paranoid personality).
Sexual disorders – Include paraphilias (unusual sexual practices) and
sexual dysfunctions (disturbance affecting any stage of the sexual act).
30 Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical Representative www.pharmrep.com (link is external) | May 2008
Formication
Formication (also known as speed bumps, meth sores, crank bugs): A common symptom in diseases of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves involving the illusion or hallucination (also called delusions of parasitosis –DP for short) that ants, snakes or other insects are creeping on or under the skin causing itching. Formication is associated with psychotic states, drug and alcohol abuse (crystal meth, cocaine, amphetamines, heroine, alcohol), certain prescription medication (Ritalin, Adderall and Lunesta), menopause, allergies, diabetic neuropathy, skin cancer and with herpes zoster (shingles).
Heavy stimulant use causes a rise in body temperature and increased blood flow to the skin (to counteract the hyperthermia). Sweat is produced that contains an enzyme which further increases blood flow. As the sweat evaporates, it removes the protective oils on the skin. This scenario, combined with the toxins released from the skin, also dehydrates the dermal layer creating an itchy sensation on the nerve endings.
Other term for formication
Formication Meth mites, crank sores, speed bumps or bugs are common symptoms Medically known as formication, this condition occurs due to the severe dehydration and chemical imbalance the drug has caused in their body hallucinations of bugs crawling inside of them.. ……... These chemicals can cause toxic reactions in the body and many other serious side effects.
known to cause a rise in body temperature and increased sweating. The sweat that is produced contains an enzyme that increases blood flow to the skin. Additionally, the excess substance in the body is expelled through normal processes such urine and through the skin. When the sweat evaporates, it is acidic from the enzyme. This acidic sweat removes the protective oils which coat the skin. This combined with dehydration cause a crawling sensation on the nerve endings on the skin, leading users to believe that bugs are crawling on them.( prickling, tingling sensation known as "pins and needles".)(burning,wetness,itching,electric shock, and pins and needles) drug-induced formication
the skin, leading users to believe that bugs are crawling on them.( prickling, tingling sensation known as "pins and needles".)(burning,wetness,itching,electric shock, and pins and needles) drug-induced formication
UNDER FORMICATION
addition,--------polypharmacy (simultaneous use of multiple medications) with concomitant side effects and potential drug interactions---------neuropathy, leading to paresthesia, which may be misinterpreted as bites or stings------
, the antidepressant --phenelzine produced both widespread pruritus and the perception of being infested with parasites( Ritalin or Adderall.)
EXTRA----. Since stimulants rapidly accelerate the heart rate while simultaneously constricting blood vessels, making them work harder, they can weaken the cardiovascular system.
From and brochure made by katrine sackett32463 Info: internet and books
By Renée Grinnell
A disturbance in one's ability to generate a logical sequence of ideas, as indicated by disordered speech and/or writing.
There are different types of thought disorders. A flight of ideas refers to language that may be difficult to understand when it switches quickly from one unrelated idea to other. Circumstantiality refers to language that may be difficult to understand when it is long-winded and convoluted in reaching its goal. Word salad refers to words that are inappropriately strung together resulting in gibberish.
A thought disorder may be a symptom of many different mental disorders, but is most commonly associated with schizophrenia or some related psychotic disorder. A person with a thought disorder is usually someone who is suffering from something that is need of professional mental health help sooner rather than later.
Example: The patient speaks with fluency, but his sentences are a "word salad" of incoherent rambling and made-up words.
Grinnell, R. (2018). Thought Disorder. Psych Central. Retrieved on February 14, 2019, from https://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/thought-disorder/ (link is external)
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date feb 17 2019
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