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Results for 'Scottish Executive'
1000+ found
Public Attitudes to Windfarms: A Survey of Local Residents in Scotland. Scottish Executive.S. Braunholtz - forthcoming - Social Research: An International Quarterly.details
Resident survey of the Dundee Home Zone.Scottish Executive - forthcoming - Social Research: An International Quarterly.details
Applied Ethics, Miscellaneous in Applied Ethics
Alan Wilson.Alan Wilson, Scottish Executive & Pentland House - 1989 - In Derek Gregory & Rex Walford (eds.), Horizons in Human Geography. Barnes & Noble. pp. 29.details
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[Book review] the scottish enlightenment and the theory of spontaneous order. [REVIEW]Ronald Hamowy - 1990 - Ethics 101 (1):199-200.details
"Every step and every movement of the multitude, even in what are termed enlightened ages, are made with equal blindness to the future; and nations stumble upon establishments, which are indeed the result of human action, but not the execution of any human design."—_Adam Ferguson_ During the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson, and other lesser thinkers described a theory of spontaneously generated social order. Ronald Hamowy discusses their contributions to this significant area of social theory, noting (...) that the revolutionary aspect of these philosophers' thoughts was "the proposition that social phenomena of a high degree of intricacy are not the product of intentional design." Hamowy shows that Hume is best known for his application of the theory to justice, developing it most thoroughly in the _Treatise of Human Nature. _Adam Smith's first treatment of it is in the _Theory of Moral Sentiment, _published before the significant _Wealth of Nations. _There Smith uses it to explain the development of general rules that compose the moral fabric of societies. All of these thinkers used their notion of spontaneously generated social order to explain systems of moral rules and social systems. In addition Adam Ferguson and David Hume applied the theory to language, as well as to economic development. (shrink)
17th/18th Century British Philosophy, Misc in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
The role of teacher research in continuing professional development.Margaret Kirkwood & Donald Christie - 2006 - British Journal of Educational Studies 54 (4):429-448.details
This article sets out to examine the role of teacher research and enquiry in the professional development of teachers. The context derives from the initiative of the Scottish Executive to enhance the status and working conditions of teachers. We consider the extent to which continuing professional development activities arising out of the Chartered Teacher Programme encourage teachers to value research, equip them to become research-minded and support them to engage in research and enquiry in their own professional contexts.
Professional Ethics in Applied Ethics
Divide et impera?Andrew Johnson & Alison Johnson - 2006 - Environmental Values 15 (2):143 - 144.details
Instead of an editorial, in this issue of Environmental Values the publishers have been invited to comment on a local environmental issue that currently looms large in our Scottish island backyard. Divided from mainland Scotland by fifty miles of sea, the Outer Hebrides are a peripheral part of the already peripheral Scottish Highlands - a region of low production, and high demands on thinly spread national services. Fifteen years ago our economic salvation was to be the creation of (...) the largest stone quarry in Europe, to supply aggregate for the construction industry in South-east England and mainland Europe. After two Public Inquiries and much legal wrangling this proposal was eventually laid to rest. Its eventual defeat was at least partly due to the united front against the proposed development that was maintained by a coalition of virtually all the environmental NGOs that function north of the English border.1In environmental terms, aggregates, the landscape damage caused by quarrying, and the connection with road-building and increasing motor traffic are readily characterised as a 'bad thing', but the latest threat to the Scottish and island landscape is a less clear-cut environmental bad. The prospect of large-scale windfarms, and the associated transmission lines that would be required to deliver electric power from them to markets in the South, is one that has already divided environmental groups; with Friends of the Earth generally in favour, Greenpeace equivocal, and landscape- and wildlife-oriented NGOs against. For wind energy has long been promoted as a 'green' alternative to damaging fossil fuels and dangerous nuclear power, and its proponents argue that we should not be deflected on merely aesthetic grounds from grasping a technology that could save the world from climate catastrophe. This division of the environmental camp inevitably makes it more likely the developers will prevail. As with the superquarry, scale is part of the problem: the proposed developments are massive - mouth-wateringly so to local councils and landowners attracted by the prospect of multi-million pound revenues, devastatingly so to the majority of local residents and to the many walkers and climbers who visit the Highlands and Islands for their majestic and unspoilt scenery.The following extracts from recent press releases by the John Muir Trust and the local campaigning group Moorlands Without Turbines, and the developers' mock-up of thevisual impact of one of the local proposals above, will convey to readers the scale of proposals for Scottish windfarms, the strength of local feeling and the real dilemmas faced by NGOs in developing a coherent response.... targets set in the [renewable energy] strategy for Highland Council area are greater than those of the Scottish Executive for the whole of Scotland ... The Scottish Executive has a renewable energy target for 2020 which requires another 3,400 MW in Scotland. The Highland Council Renewable Strategy sets a target of over 4,000 MW from new renewable energy.The Highland Council targets do not seem to have been strategically set in relation to factors outside the Highlands but look as if they are based on the maximum possible installation based on the most liberal planning regime.2Scottish Executive Minister Allan Wilson has given the first official statistics on the number of objections for the proposed North Lewis Peatlands Windfarm - the world's largest onshore windfarm.In a response to written questions by Green MSP Shiona Baird, Mr. Wilson states: 'Prior to Comhairle nan Eilean Siar [Western Isles Council] submitting its consultation response the Executive recorded six responses in support and 2,713 objections to the Lewis Windpower proposal from Western Isles residents. Since Western Isles Council submitted their consultation response, the Executive has recorded 11 responses of support and 1,860 objections to the Lewis Windpower proposal, from Western Isles residents'In total a massive 6,131 objections have been received of which 4,573 come from local people. The figures show that for every person who wrote to support the scheme from the islands 269 people wrote and objected.Lewis based Moorland without Turbines chairperson Catriona Campbell, who is campaigning against the joint AMEC and British Energy project said:'At last we have official confirmation of the unprecedented level of protest against this industrialisation of our land. Till now our local MSP and Council have refused to acknowledge the sentiment of the island. The Council voted in favour of it against the wishes of those who will be affected. Every community council and councillor in North Lewis, the area directly affected, has voted resoundingly against it.'...The proposed 234 turbines, each higher than the Forth Rail bridge, and 167km of new road would cover moorland that is protected by European Law for its wildlife interest, including international populations of species such as Golden Eagles, Red-throated Divers and Golden Plovers.3The Lingerabay Superquarry saga was a rich source for academic case-studies; we confidently predict that we shall hear more about the 'green energy' debate in the pages of this journal. (shrink)
Environmental Ethics in Applied Ethics
Topics in Environmental Ethics in Applied Ethics
Philosophy with Children: Learning to live well.Claire Cassidy - 2012 - Childhood and Philosophy 8 (16):243-264.details
A filosofia com crianças, em todas as suas guisas, visa engendrar o pensamento filosófico e o raciocínio nas crianças. Muito é escrito sobre o que a participação na filosofia poderia fazer para a criança academicamente e emocionalmente. O que propomos aqui é que permitindo às crianças participar de diálogos filosóficos elas aprenderão uma abordagem que poderia dar suporte a sua participação na sociedade e que poderia envolvê-las na consideração e no arejamento de suas vistas, tomando decisões em suas interações e (...) relacionamentos com os outros. É inevitável que, vivendo com os outros, se encontrem os valores dos outros. É essencial, portanto, que as crianças aprendam como lidar com os valores dos outros mas também que elas aprendam como desenvolver os seus próprios pelo questionamento e a reflexão. Melhor que ensinar às crianças sobre os valores ou ensinar-lhes os valores que elas deveriam ter, este artigo sugere que às crianças deveriam ser proporcionadas oportunidades de explorar uma variedade de perspectivas e que elas precisam aprender a fazer isto. Além disso, no entanto, a fim de viver harmoniosamente com os outros, existem considerações sobre ética a serem encontradas. As crianças precisam aprender como lidar com política, arte, ciência, literatura e a maior variedade de problemas que a vida em sociedade inclui. De fato, as crianças precisam aprender o que é requerido para ser um cidadão. Aqui o aprendizado da criança é contextualizado no Currículo de Excelência da Escócia, no qual se espera das crianças que elas sejam capazes de "fazer escolhas e tomar decisões informadas" e de "desenvolver pontos de vista informados e éticos de problemas complexos" (Scottish Executive, 2004, p.12) como parte de sua educação para a cidadania. Se ser um cidadão envolve esses elementos, então existe um desafio para os professores no que concerne a como as crianças vão alcançar os resultados desejados. O objetivo de tal currículo é que a criança 'aprenda para a vida' adquirindo as competências para a vida de forma que a sociedade se beneficie. É colocado, neste artigo, que participando dos diálogos filosóficos uma pessoa é suscetível de favorecer uma apreciação dos outros e de suas perspectivas, de compreender que os valores e opiniões de alguém evoluem, que essa visão filosófica pode, de fato, funcionar para a melhora da sociedade. Contudo, o que é sugerido é que fazendo filosofia aprende-se como viver bem. (shrink)
Philosophy of Learning in Philosophy of Social Science
The Morning–After Pill.Anne Williams - 2010 - Human Reproduction and Genetic Ethics 13 (1):8-36.details
The morning-after pill has been promoted as a solution to the growing teenage sexual health problem being witnessed in Scotland. The continuing increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), recorded in recent reports of the Scottish Centre for Infections and Environmental Health2, has come as a shock to members of the health profession across Scotland. Documenting a marked increase in teenage sexual activity, the report raises urgent questions about the impact of the "safe sex" message in our classrooms and the (...) Scottish Executive's overall approach to teenage sexual health. One specific feature of this approach that has prompted concern from General Practitioners (GPs), parents and educators (and others) has been the official policy on the promotion of the morning-after pill as a method of contraception. When appropriately initiated within 72 hours of unprotected coitus, emergency contraception will prevent approximately 80% of pregnancies in teens and young women who are mid-cycle and, thus, at risk of pregnancy.3 But this policy has not been based on a clear and rigorous understanding of the properties, the function and the efficacy of the morning-after pill. Neither has there been adequate and in-depth research on the short and long-term safety implications of the morning-after pill. In light of proposals to increase the availability of the morning-after pill, the overall aim of this Briefing Paper is: 1. to provide specific answers to the questions raised above, based on research evidence; and 2. to provide an independent source of information on the most recent research on the morning-after pill and STIs, for parents, teachers, politicians, members of the health and legal professions and other interested parties. (shrink)
Reproductive Ethics in Applied Ethics
The Collaborative Care Model: Realizing Healthcare Values and Increasing Responsiveness in the Pharmacy Workforce.Barry Maguire & Paul Forsyth - forthcoming - Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.details
Abstract The values of the healthcare sector are fairly ubiquitous across the globe, focusing on caring and respect, patient health, excellence in care delivery, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Many individual pharmacists embrace these core values. But their ability to honor these values is significantly determined by the nature of the system they work in. -/- The paper starts with a model of the prevailing pharmacist workforce model in Scotland, in which core roles are predominantly separated into hierarchically disaggregated jobs focused on (...) one professional 'pillar': Clinician /Practice Provider; Educator; Leader/Manager; and Researcher. This is the 'Atomistic' Model. This skills-segregation yields a workforce of individuals working in isolation rather than collaborating together, and lacking a shared information flow, purpose and identity. Key strategic flaws include suboptimal responsiveness to population and subpopulation needs, inconsistency and inequity of care, an erosion of professional agency, and lower job satisfaction. It is conjectured that this results from a lack of congruence between values, professional ethos, and organizational structure. 'Atomism' culminates in a syndrome of widespread professional-level cognitive dissonance. -/- The paper contrasts this with a new emerging workforce vision, The Collaborative Care Model. This new model defines a systems-first-approach, built on the principle that all jobs must include all four professional 'pillars'. Vertical skills integration, involving education and task sharing, will support sustainability and succession planning. Horizontal skills integration (across practice, leadership and research) is included to improve responsiveness to population need and individual professional agency. The working conditions, supportive ethos, and career structure needed to make the model work are described. Moral theory and workforce theory are used to justify why the model may be more effective for population health, delivering greater job satisfaction for individuals and ultimately helping systematically realize and honor healthcare values. Finally, the paper sketches the first steps needed to implement the model at the national level, starting with the operationalization of new multi-pillar professional curricula across the career spectrum. Potential pitfalls and challenges are also discussed. -/- Co-Authors: 1. Paul Forsyth (PF) Lead Pharmacist Clinical Cardiology, Pharmacy, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde. Contribution: Conceptualization; Model Curation; Model Theory; Model Visualization; Writing - original draft (lead author), Writing - review & editing (lead author) 2. Andrew Radley (AR), Consultant in Public Health Pharmacy, NHS Tayside. Contribution: Conceptualization; Model curation; Model Theory; Writing - review & editing 3. Gordon Rushworth (GR), MPharm MSc FFRPS FRPharmS (Consultant). Programme Director, Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, NHS Highland, Inverness. Contribution: Model curation; Writing - review & editing 4. Fiona Marra (FM) National Lead Clinician Scottish Infection and Immunology Network (SPAIIN) / Advanced Pharmacist HCV / HIV, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde. Contribution: Model curation; Writing - review & editing 5. Susan Roberts (SR) Associate Postgraduate Pharmacy Dean, NHS Education for Scotland. Contribution: Model curation; Writing - review & editing 6. Roisin O'Hare (RO) Lead Teacher Practitioner Pharmacist, Northern Ireland University Network, Southern Health and Social Care Trust. Contribution: Model curation; Writing - review & editing 7. Catherine Duggan (CD) Chief Executive Officer, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Contribution: Model curation; Writing - review & editing 8. Barry Maguire (BM) Senior Lecturer, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Life Sciences, The University of Edinburgh. Contribution: Conceptualization; Model Curation; Model Theory; Model Visualization; Supervision; Writing - original draft (senior academic supervisor), Writing - review & editing (senior academic supervisor) -/- . (shrink)
Cloning and Public Policy.Ruth Macklin - 2002 - In Justine Burley & John Harris (eds.), A companion to genethics. Blackwell. pp. 206-215.details
It seemed like only minutes after a team of Scottish scientists announced, in late February 1997, that they had successfully cloned a sheep, that governmental officials and private citizens throughout the world called for a ban on cloning human beings. The rush to legislate or issue executive orders was so swift, it is reasonable to wonder why the news that a mammal had been cloned ignited such a stampede to prohibit, even criminalize, attempts to clone humans. These events (...) raise a series of separate, yet related questions. Why does the prospect of cloning human beings incite such strong reactions? What reasons have been proposed for enacting national laws or international conventions to prohibit cloning? Can these prohibitions be justified by sound ethical arguments? Before attempting to answer these questions, let us look first at the responses that called for public policy measures to ban human cloning. (shrink)
Cloning in Applied Ethics
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'Barons' Wars, under Other Names': Feudalism, Royalism and the American Founding.Eric Nelson - 2017 - History of European Ideas 43 (2):198-214.details
SUMMARYThe Machiavellian Moment was largely responsible for establishing what remains the dominant understanding of American Revolutionary ideology. Patriots, on this account, were radical whigs; their great preoccupation was a terror of crown power and executive corruption. This essay proposes to test the whig reading of patriot political thought in a manner suggested by Professor Pocock's pioneering first book, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law. The whig tradition, as he taught us, located in the remote Saxon past an 'ancient (...) constitution' of liberty, in which elected monarchs merely executed laws approved by their free subjects in a primeval parliament. This republican idyll, whigs believed, was then tragically interrupted by the Norman Conquest of 1066, which introduced feudal tenures and monarchical tyranny. Did patriot theorists accept this narrative? The answer, I shall argue, is strikingly mixed. By the early 1770s, appeals to the 'ancient constitution' had become less common in patriot writing. And by the end of the 1770s, many patriots had absorbed a completely different understanding of the feudal past—one pioneered by Royalist historians of the seventeenth century and then adapted by Scottish historians of the eighteenth. This shift reflects a broader transformation in patriot political and constitutional theory. (shrink)
Standards of ethical conduct for health service executives.Canadian College of Health Service Executives - 1991 - Codes of Ethics: Ethical Codes, Standards and Guidelines for Professionals Working in a Health Care Setting in Canada, Department of Bioethics, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto 224:31-36.details
Ethics in Value Theory, Miscellaneous
The Scottish Enlightenment: race, gender, and the limits of progress.Silvia Sebastiani - 2013 - New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.details
The Scottish Enlightenment shaped a new conception of history as a gradual and universal progress from savagery to civil society. Whereas women emancipated themselves from the yoke of male-masters, men in turn acquired polite manners and became civilized. Such a conception, however, presents problematic questions: why were the Americans still savage? Why was it that the Europeans only had completed all the stages of the historic process? Could modern societies escape the destiny of earlier empires and avoid decadence? Was (...) there a limit beyond which women's influence might result in dehumanization? The Scottish Enlightenment's legacy for modernity emerges here as a two-faced Janus, an unresolved tension between universalism and hierarchy, progress and the limits of progress. (shrink)
Philosophy of Gender in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
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Scottish Common Sense in Germany, 1768--1800: A Contribution to the History of Critical Philosophy.Manfred Kuehn - 1980 - Dissertation, Mcgill University (Canada)details
This work attempts to show that the Scottish common sense philosophers Thomas Reid, James Oswald and James Beattie, had a substantial influence upon the development of German thought during the period of the late enlightenment. Their works were thoroughly reviewed in German philosophical journals and translated into German soon after they had appeared in English. Whether it was Mendelssohn, a rationalist, Lossius, a materialist, Feder, a sensationalist, Tetens, a critical empiricist, or Hamann and Jacobi, irrationalist philosophers of faith, important (...) philosophers read the Scots and found them relevant for the solution of their problems. The Scots were seen as not just opposing Hume's skepticism, but also as complementing his more positive tenets. The most important chapter of this work shows that even Kant, who in this regard is known only for his devastating criticism of the Scots, learned much from them. It is argued that the Scottish influence opens a new perspective for the understanding of the German enlightenment, revealing how central were the twin problems of idealism versus realism, on the one hand, and of philosophical justification versus mere descriptive metaphysics, on the other. (shrink)
Psychopathy, executive functions, and neuropsychological data: a response to Sifferd and Hirstein.Marko Jurjako & Luca Malatesti - 2018 - Neuroethics 11 (1):55-65.details
Psychopathy, executive functions, and neuropsychological data: a response to Sifferd and Hirstein.
Psychopathy and Moral Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Psychopathy and Responsibility in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Psychopathy, Misc in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Executive Integrity: The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life.Suresh Srivastva (ed.) - 1988 - Jossey-Bass.details
Shows that executive integrity is not merely a moral trait but a dynamic process of making empathetic, responsible, and sound decisions. Describes key features of executive integrity including effective social interaction, open dialogue, and responsive leadershipand explains how integrity can be developed and practiced in today's organizations.
Business Ethics in Applied Ethics
Integrity in Normative Ethics
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Scottish Philosophy a Comparison of the Scottish and German Answers to Hume.A. Seth Pringle-Pattison - 1885 - W. Blackwood and Sons.details
Hume and Other Philosophers in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Hume: Metaphysics and Epistemology in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Hume: Value Theory in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Scottish Philosophy in its National Development.Henry Laurie - 1902 - J.Maclehose.details
Social Theory of the Scottish Enlightenment.Christopher Berry - 1997 - Edinburgh University Press.details
David Hume, Adam Smith, William Robertson, Adam Ferguson, Lord Kames, John Millar, James Dunbar and Gilbert Stuart were at the heart of Scottish Enlightenment thought. This introductory survey offers the student a clear, accessible interpretation and synthesis of the social thought of these historically significant thinkers. Organised thematically, it takes the student through their accounts of social institutions, their critique of individualism, their methodology, their views of progress and of moral and cultural values. By taking human sociality as their (...) premise, the book shows how they produced important analyses of historical change, politics and morality, together with an assessment of their own commercial society. (shrink)
Scottish Common Sense Philosophy: Sources and Origins.James Fieser & James Oswald (eds.) - 2000 - Thoemmes Press.details
The Scottish Common Sense School of philosophy emerged during the Scottish Enlightenment of the second half of the eighteenth century. The School's principal proponents were Thomas Reid, James Oswald, James Beattie and Dugald Stewart. They believed that we are all naturally implanted with an array of common sense intuitions and these intuitions are in fact the foundation of truth. Their approach dominated philosophical thought in Great Britain and the United States until the mid nineteenth century. In recent years (...) philosophers have renewed their appreciation of the notion of common sense. In particular, discussions of common sense intuitions are integral to contemporary epistemological foundationalism. Scottish Common Sense Philosophy: Sources and Origins is a 5-volume collection of writings by and about philosophers in the eighteenth-century Scottish Common Sense School. The writings by Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart are readily available in recent editions and facsimile reprints so this series focuses on less accessible and less well-known items. Oswald's Appeal appears here in print for the first time in any form since 1772. Volume 2 is the first reset printing of Beattie's Essay in over 100 years, and is the only edition to contain annotations that trace the major changes that he made to the text. Almost all of the responses in volumes 3 and 4 appear here in print for the first time since their original publication. These include reviews, pamphlets and excerpts from books. Also included is previously unpublished discussion of Beattie's Essay by Dugald Stewart. The final volume is a bibliography of around 80 Scottish philosophers from the early eighteenth century to the close of the nineteenth century. Unlike the 1932 bibliography of Scottish philosophers offered by T. E. Jessop, which selectively presents only the philosophical writings by the various Scottish philosophers, this volume attempts to catalogue all of the writings by these philosophers in all of their editions. (shrink)
The Scottish Philosophy: Biographical, Expository, Critical, From Hutcheson to Hamilton.James McCosh - 1966 - Cambridge University Press.details
James McCosh, the Scottish philosopher, graduated from the University of Glasgow, spent some time as a minister in the Church of Scotland but then returned to philosophy and spent most of his career at Princeton University. The eighteenth-century Scottish Enlightenment had many influential philosophers at its core. In this book, first published in 1875, McCosh outlines the theories of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century philosophers and identifies Scottish philosophy as a distinct school of thought. He summarises both the merits (...) and the possible criticisms of each philosopher's work and also gives detailed biographical information. Among the philosophers discussed are the influential David Hume, Thomas Reid and Adam Smith. The final chapter focuses on Sir William Hamilton, a philosopher who greatly influenced McCosh. (shrink)
Hume, Misc in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Hume: Intellectual Context in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
The Scottish Philosophy: Biographical, Expository, Critical, From Hutcheson to Hamilton.James McCosh - 1874 - Hildesheim, Georg Olms.details
1875. McCosh, Eleventh President of Princeton University, he was a supporter of the Scottish School of Philosophy, and the work of Thomas Reid and Dugald ...
Francis Hutcheson in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Scottish Philosophy in its National Development.A. T. Ormond - 1903 - Philosophical Review 12:575.details
Scottish Philosophy and British Physics, 1750-1880: A Study in the Foundations of the Victorian Scientific Style.Richard Olson - 1975 - Princeton University Press.details
Historians of science have long been intrigued by the impact of disparate cultural styles on the science of a given country and time period. Richard Olson's book is a case study in the interaction between philosophy and science as well as an examination of a particular scientific movement. The author investigates the methodological arguments of the Common Sense philosophers Thomas Reid, Dugald Stewart, Thomas Brown, and William Hamilton and the possible transmission of their ideas to scientists from John Playfair to (...) James Clerk Maxwell. His findings point out the need for modifications to the Duhem-Poincaré interpretation of British scientific style and the reassessment of the extent of Kantian influence on British physics. Originally published in 1975. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. (shrink)
History of Physics in Philosophy of Physical Science
Scottish Philosophy in the 18th Century.Alexander Broadie - 2001 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.details
Philosophy was at the core of the eighteenth century movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment. The movement included major figures, such as Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Adam Smith, Thomas Reid and Adam Ferguson, and also many others who produced notable works, such as Gershom Carmichael, George Turnbull, George Campbell, James Beattie, Alexander Gerard, Henry Home (Lord Kames) and Dugald Stewart. I discuss some of the leading ideas of these thinkers, though paying less attention than I otherwise would to Hume, (...) Smith and Reid, who have separate Encyclopedia entries. Amongst the topics covered in this entry are aesthetics (particularly Hutcheson's), Moral philosophy (particularly Hutcheson's and Smith's), Turnbull's providential naturalism, Kames's doctrines on divine goodness and human freedom, Campbell's criticism of the Humean account of miracles, the philosophy of rhetoric, Ferguson's criticism of the idea of a state of nature, and finally the concept of conjectural history, a concept especially associated with Dugald Stewart. (shrink)
The Scottish Enlightenment and Hegel's Account of "Civil Society,". [REVIEW]Norbert Waszek - 1988 - Science and Society 54 (4):492-495.details
Executive Pay and Legitimacy: Changing Discursive Battles Over the Morality of Excessive Manager Compensation. [REVIEW]Maria Joutsenvirta - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 116 (3):459-477.details
How is the (il)legitimacy of manager compensation constructed in social interaction? This study investigated discursive processes through which heavily contested executive pay schemes of the Finnish energy giant Fortum were constructed as (il)legitimate in public during 2005–2009. The critical discursive analysis of media texts identified five legitimation strategies through which politicians, journalists, and other social actors contested these schemes and, at the same time, constructed subject positions for managers, politicians, and citizens. The comparison of two debate periods surrounding the (...) 2007–2008 financial crisis revealed significant differences in the discursive strategies and the corresponding moral struggles linked to legitimation of executive compensation. The analysis highlights a change in moral reasoning by social actors as they adapt their justifications to a changing social context. This study has important implications for our understanding of the ethical aspects and socio-political embeddedness of manager compensation. In particular, it adds to our knowledge of organizational legitimacy by showing how discursive strategies and the corresponding morality constructions used to (de)legitimate business activities can shift quickly as a result of a change in the social and political climate surrounding the legitimation struggle. (shrink)
Ethics of Executive Remuneration in Applied Ethics
Recasting Scottish Sentimentalism: The Peculiarity of Moral Approval.Remy Debes - 2012 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 10 (1):91-115.details
By founding morality on the particular sentiments of approbation and disapprobation, Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith implied that the nature of moral judgment was far more intuitive and accessible than their rationalist predecessors and contemporaries would, or at least easily could, allow. And yet, these 'Sentimentalists' faced the longstanding belief that the human affective psyche is a veritable labyrinth – an obstacle to practical morality if not something literally brutish in us. The Scottish Sentimentalists thus implicitly tasked themselves with (...) distinguishing and locating the particular sentiments of approbation and disapprobation in the human psyche. In this paper, I argue that this task led Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Smith to adopt a remarkable thesis when it came to the nature of the moral sentiments, namely, that the sentiments of moral approbation and disapprobation are peculiar – somehow radically unlike other sentiments. (shrink)
Hume: Meta-Ethics in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Why Scottish Philosophy Matters.Alexander Broadie - 2000 - Saltire Society.details
CHAPTER Introduction I do not take lightly the title of this book. I believe that Scottish philosophy matters greatly and my principal aim is to say why it ...
15th/16th Century Philosophy, Misc in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
John Duns Scotus in Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Thomas Reid in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
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The scottish enlightenment, unintended consequences and the science of man.Craig Smith - 2009 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 7 (1):9-28.details
It is a commonplace that the writers of eighteenth century Scotland played a key role in shaping the early practice of social science. This paper examines how this 'Scottish' contribution to the Enlightenment generation of social science was shaped by the fascination with unintended consequences. From Adam Smith's invisible hand to Hume's analysis of convention, through Ferguson's sociology, and Millar's discussion of rank, by way of Robertson's View of Progress, the concept of unintended consequences pervades the writing of the (...) period. The paper argues that the idea of unintended order shapes the understanding of the purpose of theoretical social science that emerges from the Scottish Enlightenment. (shrink)
Hume: Social and Political Philosophy, Misc in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Scottish Common Sense in Germany, 1768-1800: A Contribution to the History of Critical Philosophy by Manfred Kuehn. [REVIEW]Gary Hatfield - 1990 - Isis 81 (3):574-575.details
A review of: Manfred Kuehn. Scottish Common Sense in Germany, 1768-1800: A Contribution to the History of Critical Philosophy. (McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Ideas.) xiv + 300 pp., app., bibl., index. Kingston, Ont./Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1987. $35.
18th Century German Philosophy, Misc in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Kant: Metaphysics and Epistemology in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
The Scottish Pragmatist? The Dilemma of Common Sense and the Pragmatist Way Out.Peter Baumann - 1999 - Reid Studies 2 (2):47-58.details
One of the great attractions of Thomas Reid's account of knowledge is that he attempted to avoid the alternative between skepticism and dogmatism. This attempt, however, faces serious problems. It is argued here that there is a pragmatist way out of the problems, and that there are even hints to this solution in Reid's writings.
Scottish Sentimentalism: Hume and Smith against moral egoism.María Alejandra Carrasco - 2018 - Veritas: Revista de Filosofía y Teología 39:55-74.details
Resumen Los filósofos sentimentalistas escoceses David Hume y Adam Smith proponen dos estrategias distintas para restringir las tendencias egoístas de la naturaleza humana. A pesar de las evidentes similitudes de sus propuestas morales, Smith encuentra dentro del ser humano la capacidad para transformar sus pasiones parciales y aspirar hacia ideales de perfección. El sentimentalismo de Hume, en cambio, no permite la autotransformación de la persona, y debe apoyarse en convenciones sociales para manipular y redirigir los impulsos egoístas desde fuera. Ambos (...) logran su objetivo. Pero mientras Hume se conforma con una moral funcional para la vida social, Smith abre una nueva dimensión de desarrollo para el ser humano.The Scottish sentimentalist philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith suggest different strategies for restricting and accommodating human selfish tendencies. In spite of the obvious similarities of their moral proposals, Smith finds within the human being the capacity to transform his partial passions and to aspire to ideals of perfection. In contrast, Hume's sentimentalism does not allow for self-transformation, and must rely on social conventions to manipulate and redirect selfish impulses from without. Both attempts achieve their goal. However, while for Hume peaceful social interaction seems to be the only aim of morality; for Smith morality also opens a new dimension of development for the human being. (shrink)
Program execution in connectionist networks.Martin Roth - 2005 - Mind and Language 20 (4):448-467.details
Recently, connectionist models have been developed that seem to exhibit structuresensitive cognitive capacities without executing a program. This paper examines one such model and argues that it does execute a program. The argument proceeds by showing that what is essential to running a program is preserving the functional structure of the program. It has generally been assumed that this can only be done by systems possessing a certain temporalcausal organization. However, counterfactualpreserving functional architecture can be instantiated in other ways, for (...) example geometrically, which are realizable by connectionist networks. (shrink)
Philosophy of Connectionism, Foundational Empirical Issues in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
The Scottish Enlightenment.George Elder Davie - 1981details
Scottish Philosophy: A Comparison of the Scottish and German Answers to Hume.A. Seth Pringle-Pattison - 1885 - Garland.details
The Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense.S. A. Grave - 1960 - Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press.details
17th/18th Century British Philosophy in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Scottish Philosophy in America.James J. S. Foster (ed.) - 2012 - Imprint Academic.details
The Scottish Enlightenment provided the fledgling United States of America and its emerging universities with a philosophical orientation. For a hundred years or more, Scottish philosophers were both taught and emulated by professors at Princeton, Harvard and Yale, as well as newly founded colleges stretching from Rhode Island to Texas. This volume in the Library of Scottish Philosophy demonstrates the remarkable extent of this philosophical influence. Selections from William Smith, John Witherspoon, Samuel Stanhope Smith, Archibald Alexander, Alexander (...) Campbell, W.E. Channing, James McCosh, and C.S. Peirce, together with the editor's introductory and explanatory material, provide the modern reader with unprecedented access to this period of intellectual formation. (shrink)
$20.92 new $22.96 used $29.90 from Amazon View on Amazon.com
Execution by lethal injection, euthanasia, organ‐donation and the proper goals of medicine.Jukka Varelius - 2007 - Bioethics 21 (3):140-149.details
ABSTRACTIn a recent issue of this journal, David Silver and Gerald Dworkin discuss the physicians' role in execution by lethal injection. Dworkin concludes that discussion by stating that, at that point, he is unable to think of an acceptable set of moral principles to support the view that it is illegitimate for physicians to participate in execution by lethal injection that would not rule out certain other plausible moral judgements, namely that euthanasia is under certain conditions legitimate and that organ‐donation (...) surgery is sometimes permissible. This article draws attention to some problems in the views of Silver and Dworkin and suggests moral principles which support the three moral views just mentioned. (shrink)
Capital Punishment in Applied Ethics
Euthanasia in Applied Ethics
Organ Donation in Applied Ethics
Punishment in Criminal Law in Philosophy of Law
Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century, Volume I: Morals, Politics, Art, Religion.Aaron Garrett & James A. Harris (eds.) - 2015 - Oxford University Press.details
This new history of Scottish philosophy will include two volumes that focus on the Scottish Enlightenment. In this volume a team of leading experts explore the ideas, intellectual context, and influence of Hutcheson, Hume, Smith, Reid, and many other thinkers, frame old issues in fresh ways, and introduce new topics and questions into debates about the philosophy of this remarkable period. The contributors explore the distinctively Scottish context of this philosophical flourishing, and juxtapose the work of canonical (...) philosophers with contemporaries now very seldom read. The outcome is a broadening-out, and a filling-in of the detail, of the picture of the philosophical scene of Scotland in the eighteenth century. (shrink)
Hume: Social and Political Philosophy in 17th/18th Century Philosophy
$120.73 new $129.40 used View on Amazon.com
Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century: Volume I: Moral and Political Thought.Aaron Garrett & James A. Harris (eds.) - 2015 - Oxford University Press UK.details
Scottish-Polish Cooperation on Plato at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.Tomasz Mróz - 2018 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 16 (2):125-145.details
This paper discusses an example of Scottish-Polish cooperation on research, undertaken at the turn of the twentieth century, into the dialogues and philosophy of Plato. Two scholars were involved in this research: the Scottish classical scholar and historian of ancient philosophy, Lewis Campbell, and the Polish Plato scholar and philosopher, Wincenty Lutosławski. Their research on the chronology of Plato's dialogues is analysed and the reception of their works discussed. The paper is enriched with some excerpts from their correspondence.
British Philosophy in European Philosophy
Executive Function, Disability, and Agency.Kevin Timpe - 2016 - Res Philosophica 93 (4):767-796.details
This paper considers how a number of particular disabilities can impact agency primarily by affecting what psychologists refer to as 'executive function.' Some disabilities, I argue, could decrease agency even without fully undermining it. I see this argument as contributing to the growing literature that sees agency as coming in degrees. The first section gives a broad outline of a fairly standard approach to agency. The second section relates that framework to the existing literature, which suggests that agency comes (...) in degrees. The third section considers the psychological literature on executive function with a particular focus on how aspects of executive function contribute to agency. I then consider, in sections 4 and 5, two disabilities that have an impact on an agent's executive function. Other disabilities will likely involve comparable impacts, although I don't have time to explore additional disabilities in the present paper. (shrink)
Executive attention and metacognitive regulation.Diego Fernandez-Duque, Jodie A. Baird & Michael I. Posner - 2000 - Consciousness and Cognition 9 (2):288-307.details
Metacognition refers to any knowledge or cognitive process that monitors or controls cognition. We highlight similarities between metacognitive and executive control functions, and ask how these processes might be implemented in the human brain. A review of brain imaging studies reveals a circuitry of attentional networks involved in these control processes, with its source located in midfrontal areas. These areas are active during conflict resolution, error correction, and emotional regulation. A developmental approach to the organization of the anatomy involved (...) in executive control provides an added perspective on how these mechanisms are influenced by maturation and learning, and how they relate to metacognitive activity. (shrink)
Attention and Consciousness in Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Metacognition and Consciousness in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Scottish Idealists: Selected Philosophical Writings.David Boucher (ed.) - 2004 - Imprint Academic.details
The extent to which British Idealism was heavily influenced by Scots has been little noticed, yet not only were they at the forefront of introducing Hegel into Britain in the work of Ferrier, Carlyle, Hutcheson, Stirling and Edward Caird, but they were also distinctive in locating themselves in relation to the Scottish philosophical tradition they sought to extend. The Scottish Idealists, among them Edward Caird, David George Ritchie, Andrew Seth Pringle Pattison, William Mitchell, John Watson, and the Welshman (...) Henry Jones who found his spiritual home in Glasgow, comprised a formidable force and dominated the philosophical professoriate in Britain, Australia and Canada from the late nineteenth century to the years leading up to the First World War. Its main centres were St. Andrews, Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales, and Oxford in England. This collection of readings, the first of its kind, has been chosen with a view to displaying the variety, richness and strength of the Scottish Idealist tradition, beginning with an essay from the famous Essays in Philosophical Criticism, a book that set-out the future direction of enquiry for this group of thinkers who shared a 'common purpose or tendency'. Scottish Idealism was immensely spiritual in character and recognized no hard and fast distinctions between philosophy, religion, poetry and science. It was a formidable force in social and educational reform.. (shrink)
Scottish Utopian Fiction and the Invocation of God.Timothy C. Baker - 2010 - Utopian Studies 21 (1):91-117.details
Explicitly utopian novels are relatively uncommon in twentieth-century Scottish fiction, perhaps due to a prevailing conception of Scottish literature as inherently peripheral; for many critics and authors, Scotland is already a place outside the mainstream of political and historical narrative. Utopian themes and imagery, however, have frequently been used by Scottish writers to address the role of religious experience in contemporary life. In novels by Robin Jenkins, Neil M. Gunn, Alasdair Gray, and Iain M. Banks, the utopian (...) form presents the possibility of abandoning traditional religious practices in favor of direct discourse with the divine. Even as they appear to repudiate organized religion, these novels also demonstrate the continued relevance of God and myth. Whether in outright science fiction such as Banks's Culture series and portions of Gray's "Lanark," classical utopias such as Gunn's "The Green Isle of the Great Deep," or ostensibly realist novels such as Jenkins's "The Missionaries," utopian imagery is used to examine what role the divine might have in a secular society. These Scottish utopias offer a place to discuss the relationships between individuals, communities, and nations and how these relationships are reconstituted in a modernity where God is known only as absence. (shrink)
Political Realism and Utopianism in Social and Political Philosophy
Scottish Enlightenment and Other Essays.George Elder Davie - 1991 - Polygon.details
$117.59 used View on Amazon.com
Scottish Philosophy: A Comparison of the Scottish and German Answers to Hume.A. Seth Pringle-Pattison - 1890 - New York: B. Franklin.details
The Scottish Enlightenment: An Anthology.Alexander Broadie (ed.) - 1997 - Canongate Books.details
In his lengthy introduction, Alexander Broadie emphasizes not only the diversity of intellectual discussion taking place in Scotland, but also the European ...
Scottish Education: School and University - From Early Times to 1908 with an Addendum 1908–1913.John Kerr - 2014 - Cambridge University Press.details
Originally published in 1913, this book presents a history of Scottish education from the pre-Reformation period up until 1913. Discussion of both schools and universities is included, with special attention given to major institutions and their educational contribution. Textual notes are incorporated throughout. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in Scotland and the history of education.
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Geeta Menon is a women's rights activist. For over more than three decades she has been involved with women and women workers especially, in the informal economy, in the building of women's own voice and leadership. She as representative of Stree Jagruti Samiti and the Domestic Workers Rights Union, been at the forefront of issues from community issues, domestic violence, sexual harassment ,as well as issues of domestic workers especially that of forced labour.


I graduated from UC San Diego with a B.A. in 1986 and USC School of Law with a J.D. in 1989. I have experience working as a public defender, a law student clinic supervising attorney, a special education staff attorney for non-profit organizations in New York and Massachusetts, and as a court-appointed CHINS and educational surrogate parent in Cambridge Juvenile Court. I also worked directly with regular and special education students in the Cambridge Public Schools. I began my private law practice in 2009. I am a member of the California, New York and Massachusetts state bars and the First and Ninth Federal District Courts.


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She threads some flowers into the wrapping sheet – also made from bamboo and kindly supplied by fellow delegate Gordon Tulley of Respect – and calls for six volunteer pallbearers. Dawn is only small, and they manage her with ease – but what about the bigger-boned, asks Martin, a trainee eulogist?
In the strip-lit annex behind him, the cheery bustle of delegates and interested outsiders bears him witness. This is the third annual funeral industry conference that he and co-founder Brian Jenner have run (less successful titles have included The Joy of Death) and the busiest yet.
The local papers and trade press are all here, snapping away at the bicycle-riding-skeleton contraption that Cowling has laid on for them. There's a gala dinner for 120 tonight, with special awards for Best Embalmer and Best Gravedigger. And instead of silverware, winners will receive statuettes of the Egyptian funerary god Anubis. It's the kind of levity never encountered at the bi-annual shindig for the National Association of Funeral Directors (NAFD).
"The men in black," Cowling calls the opposition, unlike his mainly female, floaty-dressed friends. Dominated by the Co-op, Dignity plc, Funeral Partners and the hedge fund-owned LM Funerals – whose combined UK business is worth an estimated £5bn a year – the association controls about nine tenths of the market. (Few seemingly independent operators are genuinely so.) But Cowling and Jenner are promoting the other 10%'s "alternatives to the coffin glinting in the February sunlight".
So the earth-bound can choose from felt "cocoons" to willow and banana caskets, displayed today on a revolving stand. Going up in smoke? Then Tosh Abbott and Cath Pratley might be able to interest you in their latest wicker product. It's a little Viking ship with a basket for carrying ashes, and the idea is that you float it out on a pond and shoot burning arrows at it. Launching it this morning, they had their first sale within an hour.
But maybe you're more of a grease monkey? Then have your photo taken on a child-size version of a Motorcycle Funerals' bike-and-side-hearse combo – they've got seven of them, operating round the country. Feeling peckish? Dig into one of Commemoration Cakes' top-sellers: St Paul's Letter to the Corinthians, scanned from a missal and computer-printed onto the icing, with a hand-iced ribbon between the pages. Faith, hope and, mmm, fruitcake.
Or perhaps to James Norris of DeadSocial.co.uk, who wants people to tweet messages from beyond the grave. There are other dotcoms, too: aboutthefuneral, for example, which aims to be a one-stop-shop for trade and public; or funeralgiving, "designed for funeral organisations interested in offering clients a tribute website service with a fully integrated in-memoriam giving facility". And there's a smattering of quite slick outfits, such as Leedam, which markets meadow-burials in greenbelt vales and chases; or funeralmap.co.uk, which offers, among its services, training up to Level 3 for an Ofqual-recognised Diploma in Funeral Celebrancy.
But pride of place goes to the now-established pioneers, the Natural Death Centre – a sort of eco-death information exchange – and its offshoot – the Association of Natural Burial Grounds. And strength in numbers goes to the multitude of facilitators, celebrants and counsellors here, several from the OneSpirit Interfaith Foundation. Products of organised religion's decline and the continuing need for ceremony and spirituality, they gather at intervals in the yurts for the Grave Talk and Death Café sessions, when they mull over state social fund payments and the protocols for giving a body to science.
That's a problem on which a punter from Scotland wants advice – that and cremation. You see, the trouble is, he's Jewish, and his family won't approve of either . . . He's a promising lead for Ru and Claire Callender, then. The Green Funeral couple specialises in a stripped-down service, influenced by "punk . . . crop circles, rave culture and psychotherapy". Taking as their title "Grief: It's Not About the Car", they're among the speakers booked for the Acorn Room.
In this stunningly anonymous space, the talks are for different target audiences. There are technical seminars on public speaking and search-engine optimisation. There are more whimsical lectures on near-death experience and famous mis-burials. And much anticipated is academic Lucy Talbot's celebration of "Maudism" (a pursuit she has named after the funeral-crasher in the 1971 film Harold and Maud).
Still, the bar is best for shop-talk. Here the themes are regulation, feminism, transparency, cost . . . and the general dastardliness of the NFAD. Bankrolled by the big players, the association in turn funds the All-Party Parliamentary Funerals and Bereavement Group; and some would say this consultative body, which lacks any consumer representation, stands to profit most from the status quo.
It's not just that the association opposes external oversight and prefers self-regulation (so, as one of the speakers points out, "you could let a cannibal out of prison and he could set up as an undertaker the same day"). It's the wagon-circling mentality of the old guard that really annoys the Bournville contingent.
Poppy, 31, is a bit of a cover girl for the progressives. A one-time Samaritan, by 26 she was an expert in 20th century art at Sotheby's. By 28, she'd "had enough of those people" and "wanted to do something to help people like me". Following her father's death – and during a long recuperation from typhoid, caught while travelling – she decided that the funeral industry was as ripe for a shake-up as the airlines were before easyJet.
Now she can promise to get the departed into the ground for about half the average price. She uses a van painted with poppies instead of a hearse, puts her workers in dark green fleeces rather than mourning rig, and books Addison Lee people-carriers, instead of twice-as-many limousines, each costing £250 for half a day. Her philosophy – which won her the Lloyds Bank's First Women Award last year – is to cut her own costs as much as her clients'.
And that's the over-riding message of the Ideal Death Show. We need to look beyond the Victorian fetishisation of mortality, beyond the 20th century's hands-off approach – and perhaps back to a time when we were more comfortable with the Reaper, even familiar.
Listen in, and you'll hear there's a movement for midwives to be trained in preparing corpses, as in olden days and tribal communities; there's pressure for a consumer-rights body; and above all, there's great warmth and good humour among these modern dealers in death.
Don't judge them by Cowling's stunts – funny though they are – but rather by their quite heartwarming wake-cake bake-off won by Natalie Buckingham, of Buckinghams Cake Palace, with a heart-shaped entry folded in real-feather angel's wings and dedicated to the memory of her still-born child.
More cadavers deserve to be delivered into these heroic, warm hands. Enough shrouding in mystery. In the British funeral industry – and apologies for this ancient trade gag – we need more people thinking out of the box.


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The stage is set for a scintillating season of football
Understanding gender-based violence
You are at:Home»ARTS & LIFE»Makhanda poetry breakout
Makhanda poetry breakout
By Student Reporter December 17, 2020 No Comments2 Mins Read
By SINAZO ALUNGILE NOVUKELA
For young people, poetry can be more than a way to share ideas: having a way to express yourself can
be a huge relief. It's for all these reasons and many more that the first Makhanda Poetry Revival reading session was held on Thursday 12 November 2020 at the Assumption Development Clinic in Phumlani, Joza.
Pioneered by Makhanda born creative writer Andile 'Ecalpar' Nayika, the plan is to unlock young people's potential.
"The Poetry Revival sessions can be used by different people to celebrate themselves, their art and their diversity. My own life experiences have influenced my creative process and I've been able to use words to express myself," Nayika said. "It can help young people believe in themselves, build self-esteem and keep off the streets."
Nayika believes there is a need for such spaces in communities, not only for different people to express themselves, but also to explore their creativity, discover themselves and engage with different
people who share the same ideas.
"Hopefully, in future, such spaces can be part of school extra-curricular activities, rather than isolated, unrecognised spaces in society. We are looking at working closely with schools or learners to
encourage them to realise the importance of creative writing and expression.
"There is a large proportion of young people, especially those at school in East Makhanda, who lack self-confidence when it comes to creative and constructive communication.
"This project aims at unlocking pride and self-esteem."
"Our sessions follow Covid-19 regulations and measures in protecting people against the virus," Nayika said. "There is hand sanitiser at the door, the windows will remain open at all times, wearing masks is compulsory during all the sessions and numbers are limited to 20 people per session which allows us to adhere to social distancing in the venue."
The platform is free and accessible to anyone who has an interest in writing and has an interest in poetry or is themselves an aspiring or an experienced poet/creative writer in Makhanda. Donations of
books, masks and sanitiser are welcome.
JOIN THE REVIVAL
The Makhanda Poetry Revival sessions are held once a week, on Thursdays at 16:00-17:00 at the Assumption Development Centre in Joza. For more information, you are free to contact Andile
Nayika on 066 030 1811. This is a platform to share and experience poetry so feel free to bring your own poetry pieces.
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Investing: How to teach kids about money and stocks
Learning about investing is a life skill that will help kids be more successful in adulthood. Helping them understand money leads to better choices.
Investing: How to teach kids about money and stocks Learning about investing is a life skill that will help kids be more successful in adulthood. Helping them understand money leads to better choices. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/12/17/investing-how-teach-kids-stocks-money/2300278002/
Tamara E. Holmes, Special to USA TODAY Published 5:01 a.m. ET Dec. 17, 2018
The Basciano family(Photo: The Basciano family)
While teaching corporate finance at Augusta University in Georgia, associate professor Peter M. Basciano noticed that students who hadn't been exposed to investing seemed intimidated by it.
That led him to re-think his own family's financial education.
"I decided I wanted to teach investment to my children," he says.
Basciano and his wife, Carlene, got started by turning on the financial news each morning as the family ate breakfast. That prompted questions from 9-year-old Alex and 5-year-old Ashton such as "Why are the prices changing" or "Why is the market going down," Basciano says.
Basciano also used the family's investments as teaching tools. "While we are still making the investment decisions, I am beginning to engage them in conversations about companies they are familiar with," he says.
After the holidays Basciano plans to sit down with Alex and let him pick a few companies that the family will buy a couple of shares in. "This will provide a relatively low risk opportunity for him to track his performance, discuss the experiences and review his account statements," Basciano says.
Forty-five percent of parents in a T. Rowe Price 2018 Parents, Kids & Money Survey said they talk with their kids either occasionally or frequently about the importance of investing.
A life skill
Learning about investing is a life skill that will help kids be more successful in adulthood, says Stuart Ritter, a Baltimore, Maryland-based senior financial planner for T. Rowe Price. "When you help kids understand how money works, they make better decisions when they become adults," Ritter says.
Gina McKague owner of McKague Financial in Livonia, Michigan, created a game to teach her three daughters – Victoria, 20; Allisandra, 14; and Isabelle, 12 – how to invest. First she gave them each an amount of virtual money that they could invest. She had them choose a stock they liked and track its performance over a 30-day period.
"We then discussed how the stock fared and why they think it performed the way it did," she says.
The McKague family (Photo: Nick Vecore)
Round two was giving them a handful of stock options to select from, so they were able to make a slightly more educated decision. "Each 30-day period gives them more insight," McKague says.
There are a number of tools that can make it easier to teach kids about investing. For example, the Stock Market Game, created by the SIFMA Foundation, lets students build an investment portfolio and track it in a simulated environment. BusyKid is an app that lets kids invest allowance money earned for completing chores.
Certified financial planner Gregg Murset of Scottsdale, Arizona, created BusyKid after seeing how important it was to teach his six children about the power of compound interest.
Two of his sons, 16-year-old Adam and 14-year-old Spencer, have used the platform to invest their allowance and even have a competition going, he says. "They're like, 'How's your stock doing?' and 'My stock's doing way better than yours,'" Murset says.
Kids learn best by doing, Murset says, and they can learn a lot about investing even if they lose a little money in the process.
"I'd much rather them lose $4 on a $25 investment than a whole bunch of money when they're older because they don't know what they're doing," Murset says.
Thinking about introducing your children to investing? Here are some tips for getting started:
When children become old enough to get an allowance or receive money for doing chores, parents can have them save a portion of what they get, says Paul Golden, spokesman for the National Endowment for Financial Education. Once they've mastered saving, parents can start to introduce them to the concept of investing as a way to make their savings grow.
Look for teachable moments
Maybe you bring up the topic of investing by showing your children your 401(k) statement or talking about your college savings plan. You can also talk about certain aspects of the family finances around the kids.
"My kids just heard their mother and me talk about how much we lost in our 401(k) this week so they understand that when we invest we can lose money and we can gain money," Golden says.
Focus on the long-term
Don't focus too much on the lure of picking individual stocks, says Ritter. "Investing is about having a goal and a time horizon associated with that goal; getting the mix of stocks, bonds, and short-term investments right for that particular time horizon, and diversifying so that you own lots of stocks and lots of bonds," says Ritter. "If the only lesson they learn about investing is 'I'm supposed to go out and pick one stock,' they've violated all of those rules."
Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/12/17/investing-how-teach-kids-stocks-money/2300278002/


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Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Wasim Javed, Anthony S. Wexler, Ghulam Murtaza, Hamaad R. Ahmad, Shahzad M A Basra
Spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particulate matter (PM) were investigated for distribution over the four seasons of chemical constituents and particle size fractions in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2012 to April 2013. At nine sampling sites, four PM mass size fractions (total suspended particulates [TSP], PM<inf>10</inf>, PM<inf>4</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf>) were monitored; simultaneously, TSP mass samples were collected on glass fber flters using a high volume air sampler. TSP samples (144) were subjected to quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH<inf>4</inf>+) and anions (Cl–, SO<inf>4</inf>2– and NO<inf>3</inf>–) by ion chromatography. The highest PM mass concentrations were observed at industrial sites, while they were somewhat lower in major road intersections and lowest in the remote background site. It was also observed that PM mass concentrations were about two to 20 times higher than the standard limits of the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Coarse particles (TSP, PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>4</inf>) were found to be highest during the summer, while relatively fne particles (PM<inf>2.5</inf>) were higher during the winter period. Concentrations of all size fractions were lowest during the monsoon sampling period at all sites. Concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions also followed the similar temporal pattern as PM mass concentrations. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) had relatively lower concentrations and also showed a high spatial variation. Among the anions, sulfate (SO<inf>4</inf>2–) was the predominant species contributing to 50-60% of the total anion concentration. It was found that rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were the most important meteorological factors affecting PM concentrations. The evaluation of data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional modeling and source apportionment.
PM<inf>10</inf>
PM<inf>2.5</inf>
Size distribution
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temporal distribution Earth & Environmental Sciences 100%
particulate matter Earth & Environmental Sciences 85%
spatial distribution Earth & Environmental Sciences 70%
chemical Earth & Environmental Sciences 50%
anion Earth & Environmental Sciences 47%
spatial variation Earth & Environmental Sciences 27%
ion chromatography Earth & Environmental Sciences 21%
industrial site Earth & Environmental Sciences 20%
Javed, W., Wexler, A. S., Murtaza, G., Ahmad, H. R., & Basra, S. M. A. (2015). Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atmosfera, 28(2), 99-116.
Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan. / Javed, Wasim; Wexler, Anthony S.; Murtaza, Ghulam; Ahmad, Hamaad R.; Basra, Shahzad M A.
In: Atmosfera, Vol. 28, No. 2, 2015, p. 99-116.
Javed, W, Wexler, AS, Murtaza, G, Ahmad, HR & Basra, SMA 2015, 'Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan', Atmosfera, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 99-116.
Javed W, Wexler AS, Murtaza G, Ahmad HR, Basra SMA. Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Atmosfera. 2015;28(2):99-116.
Javed, Wasim ; Wexler, Anthony S. ; Murtaza, Ghulam ; Ahmad, Hamaad R. ; Basra, Shahzad M A. / Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan. In: Atmosfera. 2015 ; Vol. 28, No. 2. pp. 99-116.
@article{affaf41e87244ecfb50c2537aa68af11,
title = "Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan",
abstract = "Spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particulate matter (PM) were investigated for distribution over the four seasons of chemical constituents and particle size fractions in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2012 to April 2013. At nine sampling sites, four PM mass size fractions (total suspended particulates [TSP], PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were monitored; simultaneously, TSP mass samples were collected on glass fber flters using a high volume air sampler. TSP samples (144) were subjected to quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl–, SO42– and NO3–) by ion chromatography. The highest PM mass concentrations were observed at industrial sites, while they were somewhat lower in major road intersections and lowest in the remote background site. It was also observed that PM mass concentrations were about two to 20 times higher than the standard limits of the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Coarse particles (TSP, PM10 and PM4) were found to be highest during the summer, while relatively fne particles (PM2.5) were higher during the winter period. Concentrations of all size fractions were lowest during the monsoon sampling period at all sites. Concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions also followed the similar temporal pattern as PM mass concentrations. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) had relatively lower concentrations and also showed a high spatial variation. Among the anions, sulfate (SO42–) was the predominant species contributing to 50-60% of the total anion concentration. It was found that rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were the most important meteorological factors affecting PM concentrations. The evaluation of data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional modeling and source apportionment.",
keywords = "Meteorology, PM<inf>10</inf>, PM<inf>2.5</inf>, Size distribution, TSP",
author = "Wasim Javed and Wexler, {Anthony S.} and Ghulam Murtaza and Ahmad, {Hamaad R.} and Basra, {Shahzad M A}",
journal = "Atmosfera",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico",
T1 - Spatial, temporal and size distribution of particulate matter and its chemical constituents in Faisalabad, Pakistan
AU - Javed, Wasim
AU - Wexler, Anthony S.
AU - Murtaza, Ghulam
AU - Ahmad, Hamaad R.
AU - Basra, Shahzad M A
N2 - Spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particulate matter (PM) were investigated for distribution over the four seasons of chemical constituents and particle size fractions in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2012 to April 2013. At nine sampling sites, four PM mass size fractions (total suspended particulates [TSP], PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were monitored; simultaneously, TSP mass samples were collected on glass fber flters using a high volume air sampler. TSP samples (144) were subjected to quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl–, SO42– and NO3–) by ion chromatography. The highest PM mass concentrations were observed at industrial sites, while they were somewhat lower in major road intersections and lowest in the remote background site. It was also observed that PM mass concentrations were about two to 20 times higher than the standard limits of the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Coarse particles (TSP, PM10 and PM4) were found to be highest during the summer, while relatively fne particles (PM2.5) were higher during the winter period. Concentrations of all size fractions were lowest during the monsoon sampling period at all sites. Concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions also followed the similar temporal pattern as PM mass concentrations. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) had relatively lower concentrations and also showed a high spatial variation. Among the anions, sulfate (SO42–) was the predominant species contributing to 50-60% of the total anion concentration. It was found that rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were the most important meteorological factors affecting PM concentrations. The evaluation of data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional modeling and source apportionment.
AB - Spatial and temporal variations in aerosol particulate matter (PM) were investigated for distribution over the four seasons of chemical constituents and particle size fractions in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2012 to April 2013. At nine sampling sites, four PM mass size fractions (total suspended particulates [TSP], PM10, PM4 and PM2.5) were monitored; simultaneously, TSP mass samples were collected on glass fber flters using a high volume air sampler. TSP samples (144) were subjected to quantitative chemical analyses for determining trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe) using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and water-soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+) and anions (Cl–, SO42– and NO3–) by ion chromatography. The highest PM mass concentrations were observed at industrial sites, while they were somewhat lower in major road intersections and lowest in the remote background site. It was also observed that PM mass concentrations were about two to 20 times higher than the standard limits of the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Coarse particles (TSP, PM10 and PM4) were found to be highest during the summer, while relatively fne particles (PM2.5) were higher during the winter period. Concentrations of all size fractions were lowest during the monsoon sampling period at all sites. Concentrations of different elements and water-soluble ions also followed the similar temporal pattern as PM mass concentrations. The crustal elements Ca, Fe, Mg and Na were the largest contributors to TSP mass while elements of anthropogenic origin (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) had relatively lower concentrations and also showed a high spatial variation. Among the anions, sulfate (SO42–) was the predominant species contributing to 50-60% of the total anion concentration. It was found that rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity were the most important meteorological factors affecting PM concentrations. The evaluation of data presented in this paper will serve as a basis for future regional modeling and source apportionment.
KW - Meteorology
KW - PM<inf>10</inf>
KW - PM<inf>2.5</inf>
KW - Size distribution
KW - TSP
JO - Atmosfera
JF - Atmosfera


text:
The New Škoda Kodiaq
September 03, 2016 / Damian Turner
"With the ŠKODA Kodiaq, we are striking out in a new direction and opening up new markets," says ŠKODA CEO Bernhard Maier. "With our first large SUV, we are conquering a new segment for the brand – and new customer groups. Our new addition to the ŠKODA model range is truly as strong as a bear: it makes the brand even more attractive thanks to its concept, striking design and as the first ŠKODA that has the option of always being online and thereby offering more comfort, safety and real-time information.The ŠKODA Kodiaq is at the forefront of ŠKODA's extensive SUV campaign."
The brand transfers its new design language into the SUV segment with a design that reflects the car's versatile character: the ŠKODA Kodiaq features a distinctive interplay of elegant lines, sporty contours and robustness.
All of the ŠKODA Kodiaq's lines are clear, precise and clean-cut – this applies in particular to the distinctive, highly recessed shoulder line. Double horizontal lines on the front symbolise protection and strength. The wide, three-dimensional radiator grille is striking and the narrow, raked headlights, which flow seamlessly into the radiator grille, give the ŠKODA Kodiaq a distinctive appearance. The two double-headlights create a striking face and stand out due to their crystalline structure, which can also be seen in the rear lights. Here, ŠKODA's Head of Design, Jozef Kabaň, and his team were inspired by traditional Czech crystal glass art, also reflected in the SUV's highly contoured surfaces.
The long wheelbase and short overhangs point to the large interior and the wheel arches are slightly angular – a key element of ŠKODA's SUV design language. LEDs are used as standard in the C-shaped rear light design that is typical of ŠKODA. A choice of 14 paint finishes is available – four standard colours and ten metallic colours. The appearance of the components varies according to the three trim levels – Active, Ambition and Style.
The ŠKODA Kodiaq is 4,697 mm long, 1,882 mm wide and 1,676 mm tall (including roof rails); its wheelbase measures 2,791 mm. The Kodiaq is based on Volkswagen Group's modular transverse matrix (MQB) in which strict lightweight construction plays an important role. For the body, a combination of hot-stamped metal sheets forms the ultra-strong backbone. With the entry-level TSI engine and front-wheel drive, the large SUV weighs just 1,452 kg (without driver), or 1,540 kg with the 1.4 TSI engine and all-wheel drive.
The ŠKODA Kodiaq is just 40 mm longer than the ŠKODA Octavia, but offers a larger-than-average interior for the SUV segment. The large SUV's interior length is 1,793 mm, elbow room is 1,527 mm in the front and 1,510 mm in the rear. Head room is 1,020 mm in the front and 1,014 mm in the rear. Rear legroom measures up to 104 mm.
The crisp exterior design carries on into the interior: the double lines – with their three-dimensional appearance – also feature on the instrument panel. The interior is characterised by bold vertical elements, such as the four large air vents and the large display splits the instrument panel into two equal sections for the driver and passenger.
The high-quality workmanship as well as the logical and easy-to-understand operation are typical of ŠKODA and the large circular instruments have a precise and clear design. The steering wheel is available in a choice of different versions – one of which is heated. The optional tri-zone climate control, has its own control panel for the rear seats.
As an option the front seats can be heated, ventilated and adjusted electronically; the latter also includes a memory function. The ŠKODA Kodiaq's rear seats are also extremely versatile: they can be folded in the ratio 60:40, can be moved lengthways by 18 cm as standard and the angle of the backrest is individually adjustable. Two more seats in the third row are available – the Kodiaq is ŠKODA's first 7-seater.
As an alternative to the standard fabric seats, a fabric/leather combination and leather or Alcantara are offered. Optional ambient lighting adds an individual touch to the interior and is built into the door trims and can be set to ten different colours.
With a volume of 720 to 2,065 l (5-seater with the rear seats folded down), the ŠKODA Kodiaq offers the largest boot within its class and if the optional folding passenger seat is chosen, the SUV can transport items up to 2.80 m long. An electrically operated tailgate is available, and can (as an optional extra) be opened with the firm's virtual pedal system. The ŠKODA Kodiaq with the TDI/DSG/4×4 drivetrain can tow a trailer weighing up to 2.5 t with an electrically retractable tow bar.
The 'Simply Clever' features available in the ŠKODA Kodiaq are further proof that ŠKODA always offers 'a little bit more car for your money'. These include door-edge protection: which deploy automatically thanks to preloaded springs when opening the car door and prevents the metal edge of the door from coming into contact with a garage wall or an adjacent vehicle. When shutting the door, the trim folds itself back in. This prevents bumps and scratches to your own car, as well as neighbouring vehicles.
Electric child safety lock for the rear doors, In-Car Communication and the sleep package headrests are available as optional extras for the first time in a ŠKODA. All in all, the ŠKODA Kodiaq provides more than 30 'Simply Clever' features, seven of which are new.
Driver assistance systems
A new innovation is Trailer Assist: when the ŠKODA Kodiaq is towing a trailer, the system can take over steering when reversing slowly. Additionally, while reversing, the new Manoeuvre Assist will brake as soon as an obstacle is detected behind the vehicle. The system is controlled using an enhanced function of the rear parking sensors.
The Area View system is also a first for the brand: the surround-view cameras, which are located in the front and rear as well as the wing mirrors of the ŠKODA Kodiaq, come with wide-angle lenses and allow views of the area immediately surrounding the car to be displayed on the monitor. These include a virtual, top-down view and 180-degree images to the front and rear.
Front Assist including City Emergency Brakecomes as standard and, using radar, can detect dangerous situations involving pedestrians or other vehicles in front of the car. If necessary, the system warns the driver and, when required, partially or fully applies the brakes. City Emergency Brake is active up to 21 mph. The optional Predictive Pedestrian Protection complements Front Assist.
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is also radar assisted and helps the driver to maintain the selected speed and the desired gap between the ŠKODA Kodiaq and the car in front. Lane Assist, Blind Spot Detect and Rear Traffic Alert help the driver to stay in lane, make changing lanes safer using the rear radar and help when manoeuvring in reverse. If the car is fitted with Lane Assist, ACC and DSG transmission, Traffic Jam Assist comes as an additional function and maintains speed and applies the brakes in slow-moving traffic. Additionally, the car will be kept in lane up to speeds of 40 mph thanks to the Lane Assist function.
Driver Alert detects signs of fatigue in the driver and prompts the driver to take a break while Emergency Assist, only in combination with DSG transmission, is a further function of the ACC and Lane Assist combination. Should the danger arise that the driver is unable to drive, the system can bring the large SUV to a standstill.
Crew Protect Assist, available in a choice of two variants, closes the windows and sunroof, and tensions the seat belts automatically in the event of an impending accident. If you have an accident, the Multi-Collision Brake, which comes as standard, prevents any further uncontrolled movement of the ŠKODA Kodiaq. The camera-based Travel Assist with Traffic Sign Recognition displays speed limits and other road signs as images on the in-car computer as well as the navigation system.
With its infotainment and connectivity solutions, the large SUV from ŠKODA shows how an SUV can always be online. ŠKODA presents innovative mobile online services, navigation, information and entertainment in Kodiaq and ŠKODA Connect helps with remote access to the vehicle as well as assistance.
ŠKODA Connect is comprised of two categories: the Infotainment Online services provide more information and real-time navigation details. Care Connect provides remote access as well as assistance.
Infotainment Online includes online traffic information, which shows traffic flow on the chosen route in real time. The Google Earth services (available for the Columbus system) embed the route into a topographical view from Google; Google Street View (available for the Columbus system) displays a street view of the destination. Map updates as well as fuel prices, parking information, online news, weather information and 'My Points of Interest' services round off the infotainment package. Infotainment Online services are provided free of charge for the first year after purchasing a new car and are available at an extra cost thereafter.
The Emergency Call after an accident is the most important feature of the Care Connect services: the Emergency Call (eCall) is sent directly to an emergency call centre whena restraint system is deployed. This comes as standard and is integrated into the Care Connect services. It also comes with a notification function for minor accidents as well as a breakdown call. Proactive Service is also included in the Care Connect services. When this is activated, all of the required data is sent to the garage in a timely manner before a vehicle's service.
The third Care Connect service is Remote Access. ŠKODA now also offers the ŠKODA Connect app, which can be used to access and control additional services. For example: the smartphone will alert the owner if their car is being moved by a third party in an unauthorised manner – be that too fast or outside a specified area. Using the app, the route planner can be transferred from home to the navigation system in the car.
For the first time, the SmartLink all-in-one app also integrates SmartGate in the new ŠKODA Kodiaq SUV – alongside Apple CarPlay, Android Auto and MirrorLink™. All of the popular services are available in just one app: navigational data, music and news as well as all relevant vehicle data via the car's infotainment system.
Five powertrains, two TDI and three TSI engines, make up the engine range at the launch of the ŠKODA Kodiaq. They have capacities of 1.4 and 2.0 l, and power output ranges from 92 kW (125 PS) to 140 kW (190 PS). The diesel and petrol engines feature turbocharged direct injection and fulfil EU6 emission standards. All engines feature a Stop-Start system, brake energy recovery and a powerful thermo-management system, contributing to low consumption.
The 2.0 TDI is available in two versions. The first version generates 110 kW (150 PS) and 340 Nm. The top-of-the-range version delivers 140 kW (190 PS) and 400 Nm. On average, the entry-level TDI consumes 5.0 l of diesel (56.5 mpg and 131 g CO2/km) per 100 km. The most powerful diesel engine accelerates the large SUV from 0-100 km/h in 8.6 s and reaches a top speed of up to 130 mph.
The range of petrol engines consists of two 1.4 TSI engines and one 2.0 TSI. The entry-level version of the compact four-cylinder generates 92 kW (125 PS) and 200 Nm of torque. Its NEDC consumption is 6.0 l per 100 km, which corresponds to 47.1 mpg and 140 g CO2/km. In the more powerful version, the 1.4-litre exerts 110 kW (150 PS) and 250 Nm of torque; its ACT system – Active Cylinder Technology – shuts down the second and third cylinders when the load and engine speed are low. The top-of-the-range 2.0 TSI petrol engine features a new combustion process for high efficiency. Power output is 132 kW (180 PS), torque is 320 Nm.
September 03, 2016 / Damian Turner/ Comment
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Smart beta index provider, Scientific Beta has confirmed that China's A-shares are not eligible for its indices, even though the Chinese authorities have made some progress on important aspects, as there are still a number of accessibility issues which pose potential liquidity risks.
According to the company, some decisions of Chinese authorities remained unfavourable for foreign investors and could create the situations in which investors would be penalised.
Foreign-ownership restrictions on China A-shares, set at 30 per cent, could become critical with future inflows.
At the same time, the index provider said that the Chinese authorities made some progress with regards to tightening the rules around of reduction of the number of suspensions.
Also, in January 2019, the QFII quota doubled to US$300 billion to meet investment demand from overseas investors and prepare for the partial inclusion of China A-shares in some equity benchmarks.
"The definition and construction of an investable universe are key steps in the construction of every equity portfolio and in equity indexing," Scientific Beta said in a press release.


text:
Short Hair Detention: Memoir of a Thirteen-Year-Old Girl Surviving the Cambodian Genocide (autographed copy)
SKU SHD_01
Chef Channy's book about how she and her family survived the Cambodian genocide.
Short Hair Detention is a true story recounting the intimate details of a thirteen-year-old Cambodian girl and her journey through the devastating years of the Cambodian genocide (1975 -1979).It progresses from the first six months of starvation to the agonizing moments when the Khmer Rouge separated her from her parents and how she learned to survive year-round unforgiving conditions. Throughout the journey, she experienced constant reminders to keep faith in God and to not lose hope that her family would somehow be able to survive.
Incredibly, the story describes undeniable moments of giggling with her starving teenage girlfriends, even under the direst circumstances.Those friendships, along with numerous kind-hearted people on the journey helped her to keep sane with small strands of hope to cling to.The story also reveals the animal instinct within that takes over the conscious mind, the self-inflicted emotional pain that weakened her, and the love that she had for her mother that gave her strength. It was this mother-daughter love that motivated her to look past her own misery and strive to survive for her mother.
Publisher: Archway Publishing (December 15, 2017)