Please also note that color may vary from monitor to monitor.
merci beaucoup, je les adore.
The color of these earrings is awesome and the packaging is so nice I'd definitely order something here as a gift.
Lovely earrings, comfortable to wear. People keep asking me where I got them as they are very striking.
If for any reason you are not satisfied with the product, you may return it within 14 days for a full refund not including shipping costs.
I ship orders within 5-7 working days of receiving payment by registered mail.


At 4 p.m., Monday, Milton and Bedford Fire Departments responded to the report of a field fire on Riverview Drive on the Milton hilltop. The fire was located in a field east of the Milton Fire Station No. 1 and west of Moffett Cemetery.


Dogs are the most awesomest things that have ever lived!!! OMG! I can't believe that people treat them like crap. Everyone should know what animal pounds do; they find homeless poor dogs on the streets, pick them up, bring them to the place, and if someone doesn't take them.... them YOUTHINIZE them!!!! (kill them... shh) They don't know that dogs have feelings too.
Let me tell you something; if your looking to adopt a dog, go to an animal shelter, like I did. Here are some you should really go to...... PAWS rescue of Northern VA, SPCA, K9 Livesavers, etc.


Have you got family moments stuck on 8 or 16 mm film? Like this, they're prone to damage an rot. And they're difficult or impossible to watch today. Convert these to bluray or DVD – to capture those memories.
Maybe you've got favorite shots of your children captured on VHS video tapes? Why not move them into the 21st century! Convert them to DVD and preserve them forever.
Protect precious memories of Mannford places from the old days, your youthful self, your kids and grand kids. Convert old videocam cassettes to mp4s and protect them for future generations to know their history.
You probably have music that's trapped on old fashioned technology. Music on audio cassette tapes, LPs or even CDs often can't be enjoyed anymore, especially in that format. Why not get them converted to mp3s and start dancing again!
Convert Your Memories in Mannford to Digital Today!
AV Conversion Services can scan your old films frame by frame to DVD, Bluray or to a digital file. Our film transfers are done in-house with the latest modern scanning machines. With some of our scanners we can reproduce the sound on films while the RetroScan machines scan any type of silent film regardless of torn sprocket holes. A combination of simple pricing and top quality professional work will result in Film Transfers with amazing results. Preserve and enjoy forever!
With our many sophisticated digital tools we can analyze your film and make corrections where necessary. Once we receive your films, a technician will clean and lubricate your film. After inspecting the film for any faulty splicing and other weaknesses, repairs are made where applicable. By scanning frame by frame, it assures a film transfer that's clear and flicker free from side to side.
After a time colors change on film. With our in-house transfer Film Transfer, corrections are made on the film contrast and brightness. Analysis of color scene by scene is the next process. Other benefits include free film leaders if needed and some free titles. The conversion to a digitized HD DVD will supply you with good memories for years.
AV Conversion Services can convert your Camcorder, VHS, Hi8, Mini DV and VHS-C video tapes to more advanced MP4 files. These adaptable MP4 files can be played or edited on most MAC or PC computers. These MP4 files can be imported using most current software programs. Videos when digitized to MP4 files, can be uploaded to youtube or facebook or even to smart TVs for prompt viewing.
We have the newest high tech professional equipment to change videos to MP4 files. Substantial improvement in the quality of your videos occurs when applying our various decks and machines to create a great MP4 file. Additionally, we shift the videos to our computers to examine the audio levels as well as noise levels, adjust if necessary, so you'll be very satisfied with the results.
After receiving your VHS, Camcorder, Hi 8 and other videos, we'll need to ask specific info to finish the project to your expectations. We'd mark each tape with a number then convert it into a digitized format. When the job is done, we'll send your files to you on a USB Flash Drive or Hard Drive. Once the drive is inserted into your computer, you'll be able to play those memorable events, over and over again.
AV Conversion Services can transfer audio tapes, vinyl records, reel to reel audio to a CD disc, mp3 or other file format – reviving their and preserving the sound. Besides, the audio of the cassette will improve with the conversion to CD or mp3. By improving the sound of the audio, the background noise is reduced. Once the cassette is digitized, noise filters are used to remove hissing and crackling sounds. Level optimization is used to boost the vocals in order to balance the complete audio level of the new CD, mp3 or other file format.
AV Conversion Services can digitize and convert your mini cassette tapes to CDs. During the tape to CD transfer, the audio recording would be enhanced. Hissing, humming and popping sounds are then removed with high quality noise filters. We can also transfer your favorite LPs to CD and vinyl records to CD. Extending the life of your cassettes and records by converting them to CDs will add years to your enjoyment.
AV Conversion Services will change your audio tapes from reel-to-reel to digitized CDs. The sound of your audio tapes will be improved during the transference to CD. When optimizing the audio levels, it reduces the other noises that are present. After digitization, noise reduction filters can be applied. The tapes are put through the noise filters to reduce any humming or hissing. Then the volume level can be balanced.
AV Conversion Services will consolidate your special VHS, camcorder and Hi8 video tapes to DVD. The quality of video, mini DV tapes and VHS tapes deteriorates with age and usage. With age, your tapes might become sticky, lose color and lose sound, which shows a degradation of quality. Convert your special video, camcorder and VHS tapes to DVDs before they show signs of deterioration. DVDs last a long time without loss of audio or video quality. Be sure to get a backup of your DVD in case of damage or loss.
Many types of videos can be transferred to DVDs as well as iPhone and iPad videos. One hour per disc produces the best quality of product though more than two hours, the quality of the video is reduced. Don't worry about confusing options. With straight forward, affordable and comprehensive pricing you'll get your memories revitalized – and ready to share and enjoy.
When you convert special videos to digital DVDs, you'll be preserving their properties for many years to come. The most compatible and recordable DVD format is used to create your DVDs, namely the DVD-R standard. Exceptional DVD-R discs are selected and used to acquire the best compatibility and reliabilityof the product. Also, our printing is directly on the disc in full color for your ease of reading.


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gazbert/bxbot-ui-server.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/gazbert/bxbot-ui-server)

**Note:** This project is very much work in progress and not safe for production.

## What is BX-bot UI Server?
A Spring Boot backend for use with [BX-bot UI](https://github.com/gazbert/bxbot-ui.git).
It proxies configuration updates and commands from BX-bot UI to [BX-bots](https://github.com/gazbert/bxbot.git) running in the cloud.

## Architecture
![bxbot-ui-server-architecture.png](./docs/bxbot-ui-server-architecture.png)

- **[BX-bot UI](https://github.com/gazbert/bxbot-ui.git)** - an admin interface for sending configuration updates and
  commands to BX-bots running in the cloud. It consumes BX-bot UI Server's REST API.
- **BX-bot UI Server** - provides a secured REST API for BX-bot UI to consume - it uses [JWT](https://jwt.io/) to
  authenticate the user. It proxies the configuration updates and commands to the BX-bots.
- **[BX-bot - n](https://github.com/gazbert/bxbot.git)** - a BX-bot instance running in the cloud.
  Each bot integrates with 1 Exchange and provides a secured REST API for BX-bot UI Server to consume.

## Credits
This app was made possible thanks to the following:

* An excellent [sample app](https://github.com/szerhusenBC/jwt-spring-security-demo)
  demonstrating JWT Authentication with Spring Boot by Stephan Zerhusen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Passing alignment tab character to \ifx I have the following macro
\usepackage{xintexpr}

\newcommand\seq[4] %length, delimiter, generating func, last term
{%
  \def\s##1{\def\n{##1} #3}
  \xintListWithSep{#2}
  {%
    \xintApply{\s}{\xintSeq{1}{#1}}
  }%
  #2\ldots
  \ifx\\#4\\ %if 4th arg empty
    %empty
  \else
    #2#4
  \fi
}

that type sets a sequence with the given generating function i.e.
$\seq{3}{,}{\n}{n}$
$\seq{4}{,}{\n}{}$
$\seq{3}{,}{\sqrt{\n}}{}$
$\seq{3}{/}{\frac{1}{\n}}{\frac{1}{n}}$

is equivalent to
$1, 2, 3, ..., n$
$1, 2, 3, 4, ...$
$\sqrt{1}, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3}, ...$
$\frac{1}{1}/ \frac{1}{2}/ \frac{1}{3}/ .../ \frac{1}{n}$

Although it works as intended, it fails when it's in an environment that supports alignment and is passed an alignment tab character (&) as it's second argument and the forth argument is empty i.e.
\begin{align}
  \seq{3}{&&,}{\n}{n} % this works
  \seq{3}{&&,}{\n}{}  % this causes an error
\end{align}

After tinkering with the code I came to the conclusion that the error is caused by the \ifx statement only when evaluating to %empty and being preceded by characters, as demonstrated by the following example:
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\newcommand\testa[2]
{%
  \ifx\\#2\\
    %empty, evaluation causes error
  \else
    #1
  \fi
}

\newcommand\testb[2]
{%
  \ifx\\#2\\
    #1
  \else
    %full, evaluation causes error
  \fi
}

\begin{document}
\begin{align}
  \testa{&}{n}    \\ %ok
  \testb{&}{}     \\ %ok
%
  \testa{&}{}     \\ %ok
  \testb{&}{n}    \\ %ok
%
  foo\testa{&}{n} \\ %ok
  foo\testb{&}{}  \\ %ok
%
  foo\testa{&}{}  \\ % causes error
  foo\testb{&}{n}    % causes error
\end{align}
\end{document}

How can the conditional be changed to handle the alignment tab character?
If the question is to specific, let me know and I'll remove it.
EDIT: added \usepackage{amsmath} to example

A: You need to hide the & from the branch that is being skipped
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\def\useone#1{#1}
\newcommand\testa[2]
{%
  \ifx\\#2\\%%
    %empty, evaluation causes error
  \else
    \useone{#1}%%
  \fi
}

\newcommand\testb[2]
{%
  \ifx\\#2\\%%
    \useone{#1}%%
  \else
    %full, evaluation causes error
  \fi
}

\begin{document}
\begin{align}
  \testa{&}{n}    \\ %ok
  \testb{&}{}     \\ %ok
%
  \testa{&}{}     \\ %ok
  \testb{&}{n}    \\ %ok
%
  foo\testa{&}{n} \\ %ok
  foo\testb{&}{}  \\ %ok
%
  foo\testa{&}{}  \\ % causes error
  foo\testb{&}{n}    % causes error
\end{align}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The temperature is rising on student support
The rising temperature surrounding support for students was elevated dramatically today with the eagerly awaited release of a report by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Students (APPG Students), 'APPG Students inquiry into tuition and accommodations costs during Covid-19: The Case for Compensation'. The report was hastily produced after a call for evidence from groups representing students, universities, accommodation providers, regulators, and the Department for Education (DfE) on the 8th January 2021. The responses were from The National Union of Students (NUS), 47 students' unions and 294 individual students, as well as sector groups and accommodation providers. There was no response reported for the DfE or the Office for Students (OfS). The report is the first indication of a rising concern at the fringes of government that "many students have suffered a loss of income" from part-time jobs and that "Many of their families will also have been hit by the financial impact of the pandemic". This may come too late, but the urgency of the situation must be acknowledged.
The Guardian was first off the mark with 'MPs call for student Covid disruption funding in England to be doubled' and the Express astounded everyone with their front page headline, 'Shame of universities sitting on £46.2BN as students pay thousands to be 'neglected' . Their original headline about support for students 'Fair Deal for Forgotten Victims of COVID' (in the title picture) persisted for a short time before being replaced. Perhaps it was not quite on message for its readers and supporters who prefer to bash students and what they see as university profligacy.
The recommendations may be too late.
The APPG recommendations are expressed as urgent, "practical, proportionate and necessary". It is stressed that students have seen very little in terms of support from schemes such as furlough and nothing from unemployment benefits. However, it could be far too late for students who are finding the situation increasingly untenable.
The main recommendation on hardship funds indicates the need for "an additional sum more than doubling existing student premium funding, of £256 million". The report acknowledges that the government in Wales has offered much more support to its students and that "Applying the Welsh approach would suggest a figure around £700 million for England". This is in addition to suggesting the government and universities offer refunds on tuition fee and rents.
Who are APPG students?
The group are genuinely cross-party and boast a membership of fifty-one MPs. It is of particular interest that the secretariat of the group is provided by the NUS. The report itself was signed on behalf of the group by nine members, including its chair, Labour MP Paul Blomfield and former Universities Minister, David Willets. Whilst the APPG has no direct powers to effect change, they can cause embarrassment and force a rethink. Their recommendations are also a direct challenge to the Office for Students and The DfE.
The likely response.
The government, in England at least, are expected to ignore the findings of the APPG. The APPG rightly notes that additional support for students was forthcoming in Wales. But, as reported first by TEFS in September with, 'Government response to digital poverty, job losses, and student hardship: A £21 million cut to its support' (TEFS 11th September 2020), the Higher Education Minister, Michelle Donelan, had cut funding for student Hardship funds. She had responded to a letter from TEFS and the suggestion that the government should set up a task group for students, alongside the priority task group for research, was dismissed. A later injection of £20 million in November was just setting the clock back. This attitude revealed a disregard for students under financial hardship and appears to be a deliberate action. The perception that most students come from families that can afford to back their student offspring seems to pervade government at many levels. It seems others are of lesser importance and the government's actions are deliberate. TEFS described this as "wilful indifference".
The context.
The government has little excuse for not realising that a problem was likely to escalate over the academic year. TEFS highlighted the issue of loss of part-time employment by students back in March with 'Impact of Coronavirus measures on the working student: The nudge that breaks the camel's back' (16th March 2020). Subsequent replies to a Freedom of Information request by TEFS to all universities had a very good response and revealed that nearly all had no idea about how many of their students relied upon part-time jobs (TEFS 16th June 2020 'University student part-time working is a dangerous blind spot' and the Guardian 'University students who work part-time need support – or they will drop out' ). The government in England appeared oblivious to the situation and actually cut the funds available for student hardship (TEFS 11th September 2020 'Government response to digital poverty, job losses, and student hardship: A £21 million cut to its support').
It is no coincidence that all universities decided to write to the Education Secretary last week to seek more support for students as reported by TEFS in 'Universities finally recognise there is a resource crisis for students' (TEFS 18th January 2021). This was clearly a very late way to pre-empt other findings emerging that looked set to embarrass them.
Role of the National Union of Students.
The pressure on the government to act has been led very effectively by the NUS. They have been central to the recent studies, and the evidence emerging in the last few months, by working with the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and the APPG itself.
The APPG report today comes on the back of the 'Student Covid Insights' report from the ONS in December 2020, 'Coronavirus and the impact on students in higher education in England: September to December 2020'. This was followed on Wednesday by, 'Coronavirus and higher education students: England, 8 January to 18 January 2021', that further raised the temperature. It showed a marked rise in dissatisfaction amongst the students surveyed when compared to the earlier period in 2020. However, although the surveys were carried out alongside the NUS, they failed to capture how many students were having financial difficulties. This was always going to be of critical importance, possibly the most important issue.
This omission was partially filled in a separate survey by the NUS in November 2020, with the timely release of the results on 14th January 2021, 'NUS Coronavirus Student Survey Phase III November 2020 Finance'. Although conducted between the 6th and 23rd of November 2020, and only involving 193 students, it provided a first glimpse of the financial situation emerging.
It was hardly surprising that half of the students said that the income of someone who supports them financially was impacted by Covid-19. Thinking ahead to beyond the pandemic, three in four said there were concerned about their ability to manage financially. A surprise was that the proportion in part-time employment had only declined from 31% in 2020 to 20%. However, 49% indicated that they had no work to hold them back. Critically, 73% said they were worried about ability to manage financially during pandemic with 13% saying they were extremely concerned. Sizeable numbers had resorted to food banks, credit card debt and bank loans with 39% relying on their families to bail them out. Oddly, only 8% had gone to their university hardship fund. This must be seen as a last resort and it may be that it was not promoted as well as it might. The idea that there would be a promise of 'no detriment' had taken hold from the previous academic year. This has now been removed at most universities and many students will be in a panic.
Are students staying the course.
The surprise from the worsening situation is that students are not leaving their courses in large numbers. A disclosure by the Student Loans Company (SLC) in December 2020 revealed that 5,448 had withdrawn from their courses and the student loan. This was a decrease from 6,113 in the same period of the previous year. In a response to a Freedom of Information request from TEFS this week, the SLC revealed that a further 3,138 students had withdrawn since their report last term bringing the total to 8,586. This is not a huge number and the SLC stress they have no information about why students are withdrawing or suspending their studies. Because the term 'withdrawing' implies that the students have left their university and are unlikely to return, TEFS considered that suspending studies or temporarily withdrawing, would be more likely (see TEFS December 4th 2020 'Turn up, log in, drop out…… suspend studies?'). The FOI response from the SLC indicated that across the UK, 7,851 students have opted for this. This is only slightly higher than the 7,627 in the same period of the previous year.
Learning loss at university.
The APPG report also recognises that there must have been a considerable amount of 'lost learning' accumulating this academic year. The emphasis this week has been on lost learning in schools and calls to get pupils back to school. The emphasis on schools has diverted attention away from universities and their situation. Yet the pressures and lack of resources will be largely the same as many students have little access to campus resources. The APPG recommendation is that the government should "establish a 'Covid Student Learning Remediation Fund', to allow lost learning to be addressed through provision of educational opportunities not available through the pandemic." This is likely to be necessary as students progress in the coming years. Gaps in understanding, experience, and knowledge will emerge next year. Employers will see this in graduates as they emerge. Lecturers will see this in student progression. The perception of students by members of the government is again questionable. Most have little experience of Science, Engineering or Medical subjects and lean on their limited experiences of arts and humanities. They should bear in mind the serious dangers of shortfalls in professional education at this level. Engineers could become unsafe. Doctors and Nurses the same. I fear for the safety in a laboratory manned by scientists with little or no practical training.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In addition to the skiing in Megève itself, the appropriate ski Lift Pass will allow you to ski or snowboard in the other Ski Pass Mont Blanc ski resorts of Argentiere,Chamonix,Le Tour,Les Contamine,Les Houches and the pretty village of St Gervais.
Megeve is a well kept secret; a traditional little Haute Savoyard village in the shadows of the highest mountain in Europe, Mont Blanc. This pretty and chic village is paved with cobble stones and automobile circulation is banned, to the great pleasure of all that come to ski and shop in well known boutiques found in famous cities around the world.Few tour operators offer much of a programme here as the French want it for themselves!!When you are there you can see why.If you think Courchevel defines chic...think again.
There are wonderful restaurants with 4 stars to their credit as there are hotels of equal renown. In fact you can find all types of accommodation, hotels, apartments and chalets from inexpensive to what ever you could desire. The night life is lively but relaxed and includes a Casino and a Jazz Club. A huge sports complex and ice skating rink is perfect at the end of a long days skiing, or for those who do not ski.
The skiing is wonderful and challenging on a huge domain called the "Espace Mt.Blanc" and the "Evasion" lift pass is valid in all of the above. The domaine has a great majority of its runs cut in the trees which makes it the area to be in when there is a bad storm or "whiteout" conditions. In most ski areas above the "treeline" one would have to stop skiing for safety in bad weather conditions, but not in Megeve.The ski area boasts excellent snow cover due to a combination of the high altitude of the resort and the "micro climate" created by the proximity of Megeve to the Mont Blanc. The pistes, ski patrol, groomers (pisteurs) and lift attendants are among the best in the world.
Evasion Mont Blanc actually consists of three different subsections: the area around Mont dArbois, Massif du Rochebrune and the Massif du Jaillet. These three parts all have peaks of 2000 m or higher, so the valley is used to fantastic snow conditions, even if temperatures are nice and warm during the day.
You reach Rochebrune ski area via a gondola from the pedestrianised central square or a cable car from the Rochebrune station, a 5 minute walk up the hill. This area has attractive runs through the trees and is linked to Mont d'Arbois by a cableway which takes you across the valley.
From Rochebrune you can continue upwards via several lifts and pistes to Cote 2000, home to some of the most difficult runs in the resort and excellent off piste.
This ski area is reached from the central square via the gondola and then the Rocharbois cable car across the valley. Alternatively, the ski bus from town will take you directly there. Many green and blue runs make it great for beginners and for intermediates to notch up the kilometres skiing over to the charming village of St. Nicholas. For more advanced skiing try the steeper terrain at the top of Mont Joly (2350m).
This is the least visited area but provides some fantastic off-piste runs, uncrowded slopes and beautiful views of the Mont Blanc range. A gondola from the edge of town takes you up to mainly red runs and then the six-seater Christomet chairlift gives access to the village of La Giettaz and beyond.
Megeve is great for all skiers but the intermediate skier will find it difficult to match the abundant amount of terrain available and all within sight of the stunning Mont Blanc and the French Alps at all times.One of Europes best and certainly competes with Austria for prettiness and surprisingly lively at night, though it can be a tad expensive!


text:
Las Rąbiński (niem. Rombiner Wald) – kompleks leśny w województwie wielkopolskim, położony na terenie dwóch gmin i powiatów: kościańskiego (gmina Krzywiń) oraz śremskiego (gmina Śrem). Według podziału fizycznogeograficznego obszar ten stanowi część Pojezierza Krzywińskiego. Wzdłuż północno-wschodniej granicy lasu ciągnie się natomiast Równina Kościańska (pod Błociszewem) oraz Kotlina Śremska w okolicy wsi Gaj. W strukturze organizacyjnej Lasów Państwowych terenem tym, mniej więcej po połowie, zarządzają: nadleśnictwo Kościan i nadleśnictwo Konstantynowo. W całości zaś obszar lasu objęty jest ochroną przez Park Krajobrazowy im. gen. Dezyderego Chłapowskiego.

Las Rąbiński jest siedliskiem wielu gatunków z rodziny żabowatych, w tym: żab brunatnych i zielonych. Występuje tutaj również: ropucha szara, grzebiuszka ziemna, rzekotka drzewna, kumak nizinny, a także traszka grzebieniasta; las stanowi ważne miejsce dla rozrodu tych płazów. W drzewostanie dominuje tutaj modrzew oraz sosna.

Komunikacja
Las przecinają drogi powiatu śremskiego, z których najważniejsza oznaczona jest numerem 4069 (Pucołowo – Kadzewo). Pozostałe są natomiast głównie drogami gruntowymi, np. z Barbarek do Dalewa, bądź też stanowią szlaki rowerowe. Przez las wiedzie ponadto pielgrzymia Wielkopolska Droga św. Jakuba, na krótkim jej odcinku z Błociszewa do Rąbinia. Jedna z jego ulic (ul. Gajowa) prowadzi z kolei do stojącego w lesie domu borowego, by dalej połączyć się z drogą nr 4069 pod Wyrzeką, do której dojechać można jeszcze w inny sposób – również przez rąbiński las, jednak krótszą tzw. wyrzecką drogą. Obie te trasy nie są pokryte asfaltem.

 EuroVelo 9
 oznakowanie:
 odcinek: Błociszewo – Rąbiń
 długość: 5 km
 Śladami Józefa Wybickiego
 oznakowanie:
 odcinek: Nochowo – Błociszewo
 długość: 6 km
 Księdza Piotra Wawrzyniaka
 oznakowanie:
 odcinek: Dalewo – Wyrzeka
 długość: 7 km

Kaplica leśna
W głębi rąbińskiego lasu na murowanych fundamentach stoi niewielka drewniana kaplica, zbudowana w stylu zakopiańskim dla upamiętnienia tragicznego w skutkach polowania z 15 stycznia 1909. Jej fundatorem był przedstawiciel rodu Chłapowskich, Zygmunt (z Turwi), który nieumyślnie postrzelił biorącego udział w polowaniu Kazimierza Mańkowskiego z Brodnicy; ten zmarł wkrótce potem na skutek odniesionych ran. Kaplica pw. św. Kazimierza została poświęcona 15 stycznia 1910 roku.

Zbudowana na kamiennej podmurówce kaplica ma konstrukcję zrębową i wystające ostatki. Dach pierwotnie był przykryty gontem, zaś po odrestaurowaniu w 1989 został pokryty dachówką. W bocznych ścianach znajdują się dwa okna.

Od kilku lat w dniu 3 maja odbywają się w tym miejscu nabożeństwa z udziałem przedstawicieli władz lokalnych.

Przypisy

Lasy w województwie wielkopolskim

Rąbiń

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University (KNAFU)
TOP-50 authors
The TOP-100 publications
Science and Technology of the Air Force of Ukraine
Socio-technical analysis of air navigation system
T.F. Shmelovа, Y.V. Sikirda, K.S. Sunduchkov
Annotations languages:
Description: Socio-technical analysis of air navigation system has been hold in the result of which the heterogeneous factors influencing the decision-making in expected and unexpected aircraft's operating conditions have been classified, systematically compiled and formalized. Synthesis method of heterogeneous factors, which allows to identify patterns of activity by operators of air navigation system taking into account the integrated influence of socio-psychological, individual-psychological and psycho-physiological factors has been developed. On the example of diagnostics of socio-psychological factors' influence the operator's behaviour model in the form of the vector of action in expected and unexpected aircraft's operating conditions has been obtained.
Keywords: socio-technical air navigation system, human-operator, optimization of activity, professional factors, nonprofessional factors, set-theoretic approach, vector of action, behaviour mode
Full text PDF - 364.92 KB
Shmelova, T.F., Sikirda, Yu.V. and Sunduchkov, K.S. (2013), "Sotsiotekhnichnyi analiz aeronavihatsiinoi systemy", Science and Technology of the Air Force of Ukraine, No. 4(13), pp. 34-39.
a/c 11800, st. Sumska 126,


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <title>Ripple effect</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./libs/style.css" />


text:
6 But while he was still living, he gave gifts to the sons of his concubines and sent them away from his son Isaac to the land of the east.
< Genesis 24Genesis 25Genesis 26 >
Other Translations of Genesis 25:6
6 But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country.
6 But to the sons of his concubines Abraham gave gifts, and while he was still living he sent them away from his son Isaac, eastward to the east country.
6 While he was still living, he gave gifts to the sons he had by his concubines, but then sent them away to the country of the east, putting a good distance between them and his son Isaac.
6 But Abraham gave gifts to the sons of the concubines which Abraham had; and while he was still living he sent them eastward, away from Isaac his son, to the country of the east.
6 But before he died, he gave gifts to the sons of his concubines and sent them off to a land in the east, away from Isaac.
Matthew Henry's Commentary on Genesis 25:6
Commentary on Genesis 25:1-10
(Read Genesis 25:1-10)
All the days, even of the best and greatest saints, are not remarkable days; some slide on silently; such were these last days of Abraham. Here is an account of Abraham's children by Keturah, and the disposition which he made of his estate. After the birth of these sons, he set his house in order, with prudence and justice. He did this while he yet lived. It is wisdom for men to do what they find to do while they live, as far as they can. Abraham lived 175 years; just one hundred years after he came to Canaan; so long he was a sojourner in a strange country. Whether our stay in this life be long or short, it matters but little, provided we leave behind us a testimony to the faithfulness and goodness of the Lord, and a good example to our families. We are told that his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him. It seems that Abraham had himself brought them together while he lived. Let us not close the history of the life of Abraham without blessing God for such a testimony of the triumph of faith.
More Commentaries for Genesis 25
John Calvin's Bible Commentary


text:
SLIPKNOT Shares Another Teaser For Thursday's Big Reveal
SLIPKNOT has shared another teaser video for what will be the band's big reveal on Thursday, May 16. As with the previous teaser, the new one-minute clip, which is captioned "How Dare You Martyr Me", features brief glimpses of the members' new masks interspersed with footage from previous years.
The members of SLIPKNOT are expected to unveil brand-new costumes to coincide with the release of their sixth studio album, which will arrive on August 9 via Roadrunner.
Because SLIPKNOT's first performance in more than two years is scheduled to take place on the Friday, May 17 episode of "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", the band is widely expected to reveal its new onstage outfits ahead of its appearance the program.
SLIPKNOT singer Corey Taylor worked on his new mask with special effects legend Tom Savini, whose extensive career in the film industry and especially the horror genre dates back to the late 1970s, including in such films as "Friday The 13th", "Dawn Of The Dead", "From Dusk 'Til Dawn" and many others.
SLIPKNOT's new album will include the song "All Out Life", which was released last October. The track's accompanying video was directed by the band's own M. Shawn Crahan. The disc was once again recorded at a Los Angeles studio with producer Greg Fidelman, who engineered and mixed SLIPKNOT's 2004 album "Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses)" and helmed 2014's ".5: The Gray Chapter".
SLIPKNOT's "Knotfest Roadshow" headline tour will take place in North America this summer. VOLBEAT, GOJIRA and BEHEMOTH will join as special guests on all dates.
Produced by Live Nation, the 29-city outing will kick off July 26 in Mountain View, California at Shoreline Amphitheater and continue through September 8 where it will conclude with a performance at Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion in The Woodlands, Texas.
How Dare You Martyr Me | https://t.co/ocEwpFthKS pic.twitter.com/VWZPKXunCa
— Slipknot (@slipknot) May 14, 2019


Some weeks ago I received an e-mail from a friend telling me her pastor had referenced my book Staging Ground in his Sunday sermon. That's a first. What's more, he's a Mennonite pastor, and when I mentioned this to friends in Michigan, they said, to a person, Mennonite?! I thought they were conservative.
It's not anything I expected—a Mennonite pastor citing my book about a theater in a part of Pennsylvania that's more Bible than Borscht Belt.
"Our history is riddled with glass ceilings, red lines and gated communities," he said.
One of the ways we retell stories is through ritual. More than once, Martin repeated a a point I'd tried to make in Staging Ground, that "in the performance of symbolic actions we apprehend the sacred." He described how simple acts, such as the public recitation of the names of transgender victims of violence, can summon the sacred and go some distance toward achieving social justice. Theater, of course, is all about the performance of symbolic actions—and at its best, like all the arts, nudges us toward compassion for the sacred Other. I'm indebted to a Mennonite pastor for helping to make that point.
This entry was posted in Theater and tagged Fulton Theatre, Staging Ground. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Twin Cities Daily Planet (https://www.tcdailyplanet.net/events/breaking-mics-july-open-mic-night-ft-danez-smith/)
Breaking Mics July Open Mic Night! Ft. Danez Smith! Breaking Bread Cafe 1210 W Broadway Ave, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55411
31jul6:30 pm9:00 pmBreaking Mics July Open Mic Night! Ft. Danez Smith!
Happy Summer, family! Wednesday July 31st out on the Breaking Bread Cafe and Catering patio, we'll be back on the microphone enjoying some summer weather and poetry. We've got another amazing
Happy Summer, family!
Wednesday July 31st out on the Breaking Bread Cafe and Catering patio, we'll be back on the microphone enjoying some summer weather and poetry. We've got another amazing feature for y'all!
This time the Legendary Danez Smith will be blessing the microphone!
You won't want to miss this one, we'll have fresh juices, baked goods, and a pop up dinner menu by Breaking Bread Cafe's own Maurice Wallace!
Doors/sign up 6:30
Show 7:30
Danez Smith is a Black, Queer, Poz writer & performer from St. Paul, MN. Danez is the author of "Don't Call Us Dead" (Graywolf Press, 2017), winner of the Forward Prize for Best Collection, the Midwest Booksellers Choice Award, and a finalist for the National Book Award, and "[insert] boy" (YesYes Books, 2014), winner of the Kate Tufts Discovery Award and the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry. They are the recipient of fellowships from the Poetry Foundation, the McKnight Foundation, the Montalvo Arts Center, Cave Canem, and the National Endowment for the Arts. Danez's work has been featured widely including on Buzzfeed, The New York Times, PBS NewsHour, Best American Poetry, Poetry Magazine, and on the Late Show with Stephen Colbert. Danez has been featured as part of Forbes' annual 30 Under 30 list and is the winner of a Pushcart Prize. They are a member of the Dark Noise Collective and is the co-host of VS with Franny Choi, a podcast sponsored by the Poetry Foundation and Postloudness. Danez's third collection, "Homie", will be published by Graywolf in Spring 2020.
Breaking Bread Cafe
1210 W Broadway Ave, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55411
Breaking Mics Open Mic Series


text:
Club Jade
Star Wars with occasional sarcasm
Tag: clothing
John Boyega fesses up: It was his Rise of Skywalker script on eBay (and more news)
On Good Morning America this morning, John Boyega admits it was his script that ended up on eBay.
Boyega is also joining co-star Daisy Ridley in picking Baby Yoda over the porgs. "So cute, man. I love baby Yoda," he said to USA Today. "And you know what? I'm against everyone that wants to give that baby another name except for Baby Yoda. That is Baby Yoda." He later talked about his stock modeling days and falling in love with acting.
Continue reading "John Boyega fesses up: It was his Rise of Skywalker script on eBay (and more news)"
Billie Lourd on being the "keeper" of Princess Leia, and more Rise of Skywalker news
Billie Lourd wrote a sweet/sad piece for Time on her mom, Carrie Fisher, and being the "keeper" of Princess Leia. Meanwhile, Carrie's brother Todd is sharing details from the original version of the film.
Continue reading "Billie Lourd on being the "keeper" of Princess Leia, and more Rise of Skywalker news"
Her Universe is bringing a whole new Star Wars collection to Chicago
Her Universe is launching a capsule collection for Celebration Chicago called "Sisters of the Force," featuring items inspired by several Star Wars women. (And they're bringing back one of their originals, the "Padmé nouveau" tee.) Ashley Eckstein talks to StarWars.com about the inspiration behind each piece, or check out the gallery under the cut.
Continue reading "Her Universe is bringing a whole new Star Wars collection to Chicago"
Her Universe celebrating 10 years of The Clone Wars with new line
Ashley Eckstein and Her Universe are launching a special The Clone Wars collection at San Diego Comic-Con. To celebrate the show's 10th birthday, Eckstein (who voices breakout character Ahsoka Tano) gathered some of her TCW castmates as models.
Some of the clothes are already available online, but they'll also be for sale at the company's SDCC booth in the Lucasfilm Pavilion.
Her Universe's Solo line at Hot Topic, Torrid now
Her Universe's main lines for Solo has launched at Hot Topic and Torrid, and they are extremely retro and colorful and even – in a way – sort of subtle? In that some of them are not immediately recognizable as Star Wars to the non-obsessive eye, that is. Because there is exactly nothing subtle about those stripes and the other extremely '70s touches.
Continue reading "Her Universe's Solo line at Hot Topic, Torrid now"
Who wants a Lando cape of their very own?
ThinkGeek has their first wave of Solo product out, and there's no question about what the highlight is: The Lando cape. The pattern in the lining is inspired by Lando's scarf.
Continue reading "Who wants a Lando cape of their very own?"
Her Universe, Disney launch Our Universe
Her Universe and Disney are expanding their merchandise partnership, the companies announced today. The new deal includes an athleisure line for kids and tweens called "Our Universe." It debuts with Black Panther and Disney Princess products, with Star Wars additions coming soon. The products will be avaliable exclusively through shopDisney.com and at Disney Store locations.
There's also a book by Her Universe founder Ashley Eckstein, It's Your Universe: You Have the Power to Make It Happen. It's available for preorder now, and you can read an excerpt at Entertainment Weekly.
Get your Echo Base on with a limited-edition coat collection from Columbia
Columbia Sportswear is launching a limited edition Star Wars Echo Base collection. The three standard Han, Luke and Leia coats retail for $400 each and will available in limited quantities (only 1,980 of each) at certain brand retail locations in the U.S. and online on December 8.
A brown 'archive' edition of the Han coat will be an "extremely limited run," signed by Harrison Ford himself. 100% of the proceeds from the sales will go to Conservation International. One of these will cost you even more – $1980.
Head under the cut for more pics!
Continue reading "Get your Echo Base on with a limited-edition coat collection from Columbia"
Today in The Last Jedi: Rian Johnson's social media tour, Daisy Ridley on TV
Rian Johnson went on a social media tour today, hitting up Twitter and Instagram/Facebook, where he did a live Q&A and debuted three new behind the scenes pictures.
Also making the rounds today was Daisy Ridley, who showed up Good Morning America and Live with Kelly and Ryan. She'll be on The Tonight Show tonight, while John Boyega will be on all three shows tomorrow. Meanwhile, Mark Hamill was on The Ellen Degeneres Show today, where he talked about Carrie Fisher.
Her Universe's new collections have launched at Torrid and Hot Topic, with many items inspired by The Last Jedi. They're both beginning with some very different selections, but we have reason to believe (hope!) that all items will eventually span both stores. (I am really loving the Kylo Ren dress and the Leia cape sweatshirt.)
Continue reading "Today in The Last Jedi: Rian Johnson's social media tour, Daisy Ridley on TV"
Today in The Last Jedi: Who's ready to jump in an X-wing and blow stuff up?
New footage spotted! A brief look at Kelly Marie Tran's Rose Tico in action is a highlight of a spot for EDF Energy (okay…), while General Organa and Poe have a great exchange in a new commercial. (Another recent spot features new Finn footage!)
There's also a great profile of Tran at Buzzfeed which is definitely worth a read. She talks about her background, Harry Potter, and Carrie Fisher in the gym. She teases that Rose has "has an interesting relationship with war." She's also one of The Hollywood Reporter's Next Gen Talent picks.
There were also two big image reveals today: A new picture of Laura Dern as Amilyn Holdo came as part of a quick profile in Elle, and the IMAX poster in USA Today.
Continue reading "Today in The Last Jedi: Who's ready to jump in an X-wing and blow stuff up?"
Talking about Star Wars since 1995, blogging since 2004. Keep up on Twitter, Tumblr or Facebook.
Jump to: Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker | The Mandalorian | book release schedule & new releases | opinion
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Making Star Wars


text:
**Author:** [Jesse Chan](https://github.com/jessechancy)

**Date created:** 2022/07/25

**Last modified:** 2022/07/25

**Description:** Using KerasNLP to train a mini-GPT model for text generation.

 [**View in Colab**](https://colab.research.google.com/github/keras-team/keras-io/blob/master/examples/generative/ipynb/text_generation_gpt.ipynb)  • [**GitHub source**](https://github.com/keras-team/keras-io/blob/master/examples/generative/text_generation_gpt.py)

---
## Introduction

In this example, we will use KerasNLP to build a scaled down Generative
Pre-Trained (GPT) model. GPT is a Transformer-based model that allows you to generate
sophisticated text from a prompt.

We will train the model on the [simplebooks-92](https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.12391) corpus,
which is a dataset made from several novels. It is a good dataset for this example since
it has a small vocabulary and high word frequency, which is beneficial when training a
model with few parameters.

This example combines concepts from
[Text generation with a miniature GPT](https://keras.io/examples/generative/text_generation_with_miniature_gpt/)
with KerasNLP abstractions. We will demonstrate how KerasNLP tokenization, layers and
metrics simplify the training
process, and then show how to generate output text using the KerasNLP sampling utilities.

Note: If you are running this example on a Colab,
make sure to enable GPU runtime for faster training.

This example requires KerasNLP. You can install it via the following command:
`pip install keras-nlp`

---
## Setup

```python
import os
import keras_nlp
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
```

---
## Settings & hyperparameters

```python
# Data
BATCH_SIZE = 64
SEQ_LEN = 128
MIN_TRAINING_SEQ_LEN = 450

# Model
EMBED_DIM = 256
FEED_FORWARD_DIM = 256
NUM_HEADS = 3
NUM_LAYERS = 2
VOCAB_SIZE = 5000  # Limits parameters in model.

# Training
EPOCHS = 6

# Inference
NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE = 80
```

---
## Load the data

Now, let's download the dataset! The SimpleBooks dataset consists of 1,573 Gutenberg books, and has
one of the smallest vocabulary size to word-level tokens ratio. It has a vocabulary size of ~98k,
a third of WikiText-103's, with around the same number of tokens (~100M). This makes it easy to fit a small model.

```python
keras.utils.get_file(
    origin="https://dldata-public.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/simplebooks.zip",
    extract=True,
)
dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.keras/datasets/simplebooks/")

# Load simplebooks-92 train set and filter out short lines.
raw_train_ds = (
    tf.data.TextLineDataset(dir + "simplebooks-92-raw/train.txt")
    .filter(lambda x: tf.strings.length(x) > MIN_TRAINING_SEQ_LEN)
    .batch(BATCH_SIZE)
    .shuffle(buffer_size=256)
)

# Load simplebooks-92 validation set and filter out short lines.
raw_val_ds = (
    tf.data.TextLineDataset(dir + "simplebooks-92-raw/valid.txt")
    .filter(lambda x: tf.strings.length(x) > MIN_TRAINING_SEQ_LEN)
    .batch(BATCH_SIZE)
)
```

---
## Train the tokenizer

We train the tokenizer from the training dataset for a vocabulary size of `VOCAB_SIZE`,
which is a tuned hyperparameter. We want to limit the vocabulary as much as possible, as
we will see later on
that it has a large affect on the number of model parameters. We also don't want to include
*too few* vocabulary terms, or there would be too many out-of-vocabulary (OOV) sub-words. In
addition, three tokens are reserved in the vocabulary:

- `"[PAD]"` for padding sequences to `SEQ_LEN`. This token has index 0 in both
`reserved_tokens` and `vocab`, since `WordPieceTokenizer` (and other layers) consider
`0`/`vocab[0]` as the default padding.
- `"[UNK]"` for OOV sub-words, which should match the default `oov_token="[UNK]"` in
`WordPieceTokenizer`.
- `"[BOS]"` stands for beginning of sentence, but here technically it is a token
representing the beginning of each line of training data.

```python
# Train tokenizer vocabulary
vocab = keras_nlp.tokenizers.compute_word_piece_vocabulary(
    raw_train_ds,
    vocabulary_size=VOCAB_SIZE,
    lowercase=True,
    reserved_tokens=["[PAD]", "[UNK]", "[BOS]"],
)
```

---
## Load tokenizer

We use the vocabulary data to initialize
`keras_nlp.tokenizers.WordPieceTokenizer`. WordPieceTokenizer is an efficient
implementation of the WordPiece algorithm used by BERT and other models. It will strip,
lower-case and do other irreversible preprocessing operations.

```python
tokenizer = keras_nlp.tokenizers.WordPieceTokenizer(
    vocabulary=vocab,
    sequence_length=SEQ_LEN,
    lowercase=True,
)
```

---
## Tokenize data

We preprocess the dataset by tokenizing and splitting it into `features` and `labels`.

```python
# packer adds a start token
start_packer = keras_nlp.layers.StartEndPacker(
    sequence_length=SEQ_LEN,
    start_value=tokenizer.token_to_id("[BOS]"),
)

def preprocess(inputs):
    outputs = tokenizer(inputs)
    features = start_packer(outputs)
    labels = outputs
    return features, labels

# Tokenize and split into train and label sequences.
train_ds = raw_train_ds.map(preprocess, num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE).prefetch(
    tf.data.AUTOTUNE
)
val_ds = raw_val_ds.map(preprocess, num_parallel_calls=tf.data.AUTOTUNE).prefetch(
    tf.data.AUTOTUNE
)
```

---
## Build the model

We create our scaled down GPT model with the following layers:

- One `keras_nlp.layers.TokenAndPositionEmbedding` layer, which combines the embedding
for the token and its position.
- Multiple `keras_nlp.layers.TransformerDecoder` layers, with the default causal masking.
The layer has no cross-attention when run with decoder sequence only.
- One final dense linear layer

```python
inputs = keras.layers.Input(shape=(None,), dtype=tf.int32)
# Embedding.
embedding_layer = keras_nlp.layers.TokenAndPositionEmbedding(
    vocabulary_size=VOCAB_SIZE,
    sequence_length=SEQ_LEN,
    embedding_dim=EMBED_DIM,
    mask_zero=True,
)
x = embedding_layer(inputs)
# Transformer decoders.
for _ in range(NUM_LAYERS):
    decoder_layer = keras_nlp.layers.TransformerDecoder(
        num_heads=NUM_HEADS,
        intermediate_dim=FEED_FORWARD_DIM,
    )
    x = decoder_layer(x)  # Giving one argument only skips cross-attention.
# Output.
outputs = keras.layers.Dense(VOCAB_SIZE)(x)
model = keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)
loss_fn = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
perplexity = keras_nlp.metrics.Perplexity(from_logits=True, mask_token_id=0)
model.compile(optimizer="adam", loss=loss_fn, metrics=[perplexity])
```

Let's take a look at our model summary - a large majority of the
parameters are in the `token_and_position_embedding` and the output `dense` layer!
This means that the vocabulary size (`VOCAB_SIZE`) has a large affect on the size of the model,
while the number of Transformer decoder layers (`NUM_LAYERS`) doesn't affect it as much.

```python
model.summary()
```

```
Model: "model"
_________________________________________________________________
 Layer (type)                Output Shape              Param #
=================================================================
 input_1 (InputLayer)        [(None, None)]            0

 token_and_position_embeddin  (None, None, 256)        1312768
 g (TokenAndPositionEmbeddin
 g)

 transformer_decoder (Transf  (None, None, 256)        394749
 ormerDecoder)

 transformer_decoder_1 (Tran  (None, None, 256)        394749
 sformerDecoder)

 dense (Dense)               (None, None, 5000)        1285000

=================================================================
Total params: 3,387,266
Trainable params: 3,387,266
Non-trainable params: 0
_________________________________________________________________

```

---
## Training

Now that we have our model, let's train it with the `fit()` method.

```python
model.fit(train_ds, validation_data=val_ds, verbose=2, epochs=EPOCHS)
```

```
Epoch 1/6
3169/3169 - 220s - loss: 4.5285 - perplexity: 98.5510 - val_loss: 4.0127 - val_perplexity: 63.4425 - 220s/epoch - 69ms/step
Epoch 2/6
3169/3169 - 219s - loss: 4.0143 - perplexity: 58.5463 - val_loss: 3.8603 - val_perplexity: 54.1763 - 219s/epoch - 69ms/step
Epoch 3/6
3169/3169 - 220s - loss: 3.8997 - perplexity: 52.1239 - val_loss: 3.8035 - val_perplexity: 51.1345 - 220s/epoch - 69ms/step
Epoch 4/6
3169/3169 - 219s - loss: 3.8381 - perplexity: 48.9710 - val_loss: 3.7728 - val_perplexity: 49.3502 - 219s/epoch - 69ms/step
Epoch 5/6
3169/3169 - 220s - loss: 3.7946 - perplexity: 46.8604 - val_loss: 3.7239 - val_perplexity: 46.9923 - 220s/epoch - 69ms/step
Epoch 6/6
3169/3169 - 219s - loss: 3.7634 - perplexity: 45.3980 - val_loss: 3.7166 - val_perplexity: 46.7066 - 219s/epoch - 69ms/step

<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f74b1d543d0>

```

---
## Inference

With our trained model, we can test it out to gauge it's performance. Since this model is
built with a `"[BOS]"` token, we can have an empty starting prompt for text generation.

```python
# Unpadded bos token.
prompt_tokens = tf.convert_to_tensor([tokenizer.token_to_id("[BOS]")])
```

We will use the `keras_nlp.utils` module for inference. Every text generation
utility requires a `token_logits_fn()` wrapper around the model. This wrapper takes
in an unpadded token sequence, and requires the logits of the next token as the output.

```python

def token_logits_fn(inputs):
    cur_len = inputs.shape[1]
    output = model(inputs)
    return output[:, cur_len - 1, :]  # return next token logits

```

Creating the wrapper function is the most complex part of using these functions. Now that
it's done, let's test out the different utilties, starting with greedy search.

### Greedy search

We greedily pick the most probable token at each timestep. In other words, we get the
argmax of the model output.

```python
output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.greedy_search(
    token_logits_fn,
    prompt_tokens,
    max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
)
txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
print(f"Greedy search generated text: \n{txt}\n")
```

```
Greedy search generated text:
b'[BOS] " i have no doubt that , " the captain said , " and i have no doubt that the captain of the united states will be a very different from the english . the captain has been a very good sailor , and he has been a sailor , and he has been a sailor , and he has been a sailor , and he has been a sailor , and he has been a sailor , and'
```

As you can see, greedy search starts out making some sense, but quickly starts repeating
itself. This is a common problem with text generation that can be fixed by some of the
probabilistic text generation utilities shown later on!

### Beam search

At a high-level, beam search keeps track of the `num_beams` most probable sequences at
each timestep, and predicts the best next token from all sequences. It is an improvement
over greedy search since it stores more possibilities. However, it is less efficient than
greedy search since it has to compute and store multiple potential sequences.

**Note:** beam search with `num_beams=1` is identical to greedy search.

```python
output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.beam_search(
    token_logits_fn,
    prompt_tokens,
    max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
    num_beams=10,
    from_logits=True,
)
txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
print(f"Beam search generated text: \n{txt}\n")
```

```
Beam search generated text:
b'[BOS] " i don \' t suppose that , " the captain said , with a smile . " i \' ll tell you what i \' ll have to do . i \' ll tell you what i \' ll do . i \' ll tell you about it . i \' ll tell you what i \' ll do . i \' ll tell you about it . i \' ll tell you about it . i \''
```

Similar to greedy search, beam search quickly starts repeating itself, since it is still
a deterministic method.

### Random search

Random search is our first probabilistic method. At each time step, it samples the next
token using the softmax probabilities provided by the model.

```python
output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.random_search(
    token_logits_fn,
    prompt_tokens,
    max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
    from_logits=True,
)
txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
print(f"Random search generated text: \n{txt}\n")
```

```
Random search generated text:
b'[BOS] he described it to him that he was trying to do all this morning at the time and made him look quite pleased . " i know now that he mentioned his name to our men . i know they have crossed to their homes , and obtained anything like that to hear someone else in being signed by his own as they take the law - house which was still crowded by the search . to my'
```

Voila, no repetitions! However, with random search, we may see some nonsensical words
appearing since any word in the vocabulary has a chance of appearing with this sampling
method. This is fixed by our next search utility, top-k search.

### Top-K search

Similar to random search, we sample the next token from the probability distribution
provided by the model. The only difference is that here, we select out the top `k` most
probable tokens, and distribute the probabiltiy mass over them before sampling. This way,
we won't be sampling from low probability tokens, and hence we would have less
nonsensical words!

```python
output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.top_k_search(
    token_logits_fn,
    prompt_tokens,
    max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
    k=10,
    from_logits=True,
)
txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
print(f"Top-K search generated text: \n{txt}\n")
```

```
Top-K search generated text:
b'[BOS] " you have got into our hands when he was out , and i thought of you . he had a great pleasure and happiness for his sake . you are very fond of his professication , though he is not a boy of sixteen ; but he will be glad that he is not to have a good time in this country for his services . the young man and his wife ,'
```

### Top-P search

Even with the top-k search, there is something to improve upon. With top-k search, the
number `k` is fixed, which means it selects the same number of tokens for any probability
distribution. Consider two scenarios, one where the probability mass is concentrated over
2 words and another where the probability mass is evenly concentrated across 10. Should
we choose `k=2` or `k=10`? There is not a one size fits all `k` here.

This is where top-p search comes in! Instead of choosing a `k`, we choose a probability
`p` that we want the probabilities of the top tokens to sum up to. This way, we can
dynamically adjust the `k` based on the probability distribution. By setting `p=0.9`, if
90% of the probability mass is concentrated on the top 2 tokens, we can filter out the
top 2 tokens to sample from. If instead the 90% is distributed over 10 tokens, it will
similarly filter out the top 10 tokens to sample from.

```python
output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.top_p_search(
    token_logits_fn,
    prompt_tokens,
    max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
    p=0.5,
    from_logits=True,
)
txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
print(f"Top-P search generated text: \n{txt}\n")
```

```
Top-P search generated text:
b'[BOS] at the end of this the two sisters were so startled that the dog would be in the tree . when they were gone , they were caught in a hint of their clothes , they did not want to stay until they were out of sight of the door , but it was not a little black dog . then they went on their way home , and they went off to the top of the tree'
```

### Using callbacks for text generation

We can also wrap the utilities in a callback, which allows you to print out a prediction
sequence for every epoch of the model! Here is an example of a callback for top-k search:

```python

class TopKTextGenerator(keras.callbacks.Callback):
    """A callback to generate text from a trained model using top-k."""

    def __init__(self, k):
        self.k = k

    def on_epoch_end(self, epoch, logs=None):
        output_tokens = keras_nlp.utils.top_k_search(
            token_logits_fn,
            prompt_tokens,
            max_length=NUM_TOKENS_TO_GENERATE,
            k=self.k,
            from_logits=True,
        )
        txt = tokenizer.detokenize(output_tokens)
        print(f"Top-K search generated text: \n{txt}\n")

text_generation_callback = TopKTextGenerator(k=10)
# Dummy training loop to demonstrate callback.
model.fit(train_ds.take(1), verbose=2, epochs=2, callbacks=[text_generation_callback])
```

```
Epoch 1/2
Top-K search generated text:
b'[BOS] as the corrals were very different . the prominent features of this province is in a state of great importance and concessions , the spacious state of affairs of promineering state in the extreme , interpreter , to collect the establishment , in the most economical composition'
```

```
1/1 - 10s - loss: 3.8154 - perplexity: 46.5370 - 10s/epoch - 10s/step
Epoch 2/2
Top-K search generated text:
b'[BOS] " we will be a man of great value to the condema - cove . we will not be in a very short time , but we have some of our men . we must be in our hands , as it is , as the province , and we will find the way that a large number is to be made . there is an indian canoe on the shore . if'
```

```
1/1 - 11s - loss: 3.6902 - perplexity: 42.6255 - 11s/epoch - 11s/step

<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f74306a9310>

```

---
## Conclusion

To recap, in this example, we use KerasNLP layers to train a sub-word vocabulary,
tokenize training data, create a miniature GPT model, and perform inference with the
text generation library.

If you would like to understand how Transformers work, or learn more about training the
full GPT model, here are some further readings:

- Attention Is All You Need [Vaswani et al., 2017](https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762)
- GPT-3 Paper [Brown et al., 2020](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165)


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The term biosecurity has different meanings in different contexts. In the setting of Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), biosecurity refers to mechanisms to establish and maintain the security and oversight of pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and relevant resources. In veterinary and agricultural fields biosecurity denotes the protection of biological resources from foreign or invasive species. In the public health biosecurity concerns the protection of microbiological assets from theft, loss or diversion, which could lead to the inappropriate use of these agents to cause public health harm. Laboratory biosecurity, according to the WHO laboratory biosecurity guidance publication of 2006 (see http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/WHO_CDS_EPR_2006_6.pdf ), is the protection, control and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release. Biosecurity in the context of ancillary facilities (Biological Resources Centres) refers to institutional and personal security measures and procedures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens, or parts of them, and toxin-producing organisms, as well as such toxins that are held, transferred and/or supplied by Biological Resources Centres. (http://www.oecd.org/document/36/0,3343,en_2649_34537_38777060_1_1_1_1,00.html)
The major concern with biosecurity being dual use, that is, the misuse of research intended for legitimate purposes in the production of bioweapons. The front line defense against the misuse of biological research are scientists, who can come up with effective guidelines and standards that deter the misuse without inhibiting the exploration of new and important lines of research. The National Biotechnology Authority in this respect is responsible for ensuring that the necessary standards are made into law and followed ensuring that the biosecurity of Zimbabwe is not compromised and that international agreements are not breached. The UN Security Council resolution1540 of 2004 reaffirms that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons as well as their means of delivery constitutes a threat to international peace and security.
GM Food Safety
Are GMOs safe for human consumption? …second NAM technical meeting sparks debate
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The National Biotechnology Authority (NBA) hosted the Biosafety Clearing House (BCH )Workshop , for more information about BCH visit https://bch.cbd.int/
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International Conference on Taxpayer Rights
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Low Income Taxpayer Clinics, or LITCs, are organizations that provide pro bono (free) or nominal fee representation to low income taxpayers who have tax disputes with federal, state, or local tax agencies. The disputes can involve audits, administrative appeals, collection, account adjustments, or litigation. LITCs also provide outreach and education for low income taxpayers and taxpayers who speak English as a Second Language (ESL) about taxpayer rights and responsibilities. LITCs began in the United States in the 1970s as part of clinical education programs in law, accounting, and business schools. In 1992 the first freestanding LITC was founded. LITCs expanded significantly in the late 1990s with the enactment of the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, which created a federally funded matching grant program. In addition to the U.S., there are several LITCs in Australia.
In December 2021, the Center for Taxpayer Rights launched the LITC Support Center, in order to provide technical assistance to LITCs and undertake legal advocacy on behalf of low income taxpayers. The LITC Support Center also operates LITC Connect, a "dating app" that connects LITCs that need volunteer assistance with tax professionals interested in volunteering.
Visit the LITC Support Center
Without LITCs, taxpayers who cannot afford representation in tax disputes with the tax agency are likely to get the wrong result, simply because they do not understand the tax law, or they do not understand what they need to provide the agency to support their case, or they simply give up because they are afraid or intimidated by the tax agency.
LITCs are vital for ensuring two key taxpayer rights:
the right to retain representation, and
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The fundamental requisite of due process of law is the opportunity to be heard.
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Low income and other vulnerable taxpayer populations may not know they have the general right to challenge the tax agency and be heard, or that they have specific protections under the law. LITCs ensure that low income taxpayers are afforded the same rights and protections — due process — as taxpayers who can pay for counsel.
By providing pro bono representation of low income taxpayers and educating low income taxpayers about their rights and responsibilities, LITCs ensure that tax disputes are decided on the merits and not by default. And through litigating cases, submitting comments on tax regulations and tax agency notices and initiatives, and writing articles, conducting research, and presenting at conferences, LITCs ensure that the tax law takes into consideration the facts and circumstances of low income and other vulnerable populations, not just affluent or corporate taxpayers.
In 1998 there were only 14 LITCs in the United States. Only one was a freestanding clinic, The Community Tax Law Project, founded by Nina Olson, the Center's Executive Director. With the enactment of the matching grant program for LITCs under Internal Revenue Code section 7526, as part of the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the LITC community has blossomed. Today, there are over 130 LITCs throughout the U.S., receiving a total of approximately $12 million in IRS grants annually.
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A tax liability may factor into domestic violence, prolonged poverty, depression and mental illness, and even suicide.
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For rural and small LITCs, the demand for services outstrips the LITC's legal staff resources and it can be challenging finding pro bono attorneys in their area willing to take on a tax case. The LITC Pro Bono Referral Network will connect volunteer lawyers from large and mid-size firms with rural or small LITCs, providing much needed representation. In addition, the value of the donated attorney time can be used for dollar-for-dollar matching in-kind funds for additional IRS funding, thereby increasing cash resources available for staffing and other program expenses.
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This Kitchen Craft crusher is able to compress both aluminum and steel cans so you can use it not only to compress your empty soda and beer cans but also empty steel food cans such as soup cans, and can also be used for dog and cat food cans. This is one of the few crushers that can compress not only aluminum but also steel food and drink cans.
And then I can go buy some more aluminum cans filled with various liquids that the family & I proceed to empty and crush. In fact, for us, this can crusher has become the key part of a karmic cycle of empty, crush, recycle, purchase... empty, crush, recycle, purchase... etc., etc., etc.
I had been looking for a floor can crusher that worked for small can food cans (5.5 oz. size). With 4 inside cats and 3 outside feral cats, we are using between 8 and 10 cans daily. And since we have to bring our recyclables to a transfer station, the plastic bags mount fast.
I installed the can crusher as per the supplied instructions and also followed the instructions for crushing 'Tin' cans which involved a two step process, first crush the side of the can and then with the can upright, crush it flat.
All recycling plants have the capacity to crush metal cans of a variety of sizes and can definitely handle crushing cat food bins. If you want to use less cat food cans, you could try supplementing it will a little dry food each time or making your own cat food like they talk about here.
We have 5 cats, go through a lot of 5.5oz (friskies size) cans. Anyone know of a can crusher that can handle these? Recycling volume is nuts.
7 Proficient Tin Can Crushers - Recycle Effortlessly And Crush Your Big Cans.. The humble tin can crusher is a simple, however efficient kitchen recycling tool. Position your empty tin can on the crusher ledge and pull the grip handle to decrease your cans to around 20 percent of their original dimensions.


text:
difference between barberry and japanese barberry
If you are confused whether Japanese Barberry or Rose Glow Barberry are same, here are some features about those plants to help you choose better. There are very few rules in gardening, but perhaps the most important one is to work within your zone. In forests. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. She is a co-author of the book Three Wishes (Little, Brown & Co., April 2010). The flowers turn into drooping, dark red berries in the fall. Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at, Can we declare victory for women in their participation in science? The shrubs also provide nesting areas for white-footed mice and other rodents, which are primary sources for larval ticks' first blood meal, and reservoirs for Borrelia burgdorferi. Barberry usually grows taller than a person. Crimson Pygmy Dwarf Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' ('Atropurpurea Nana') Sku #1205. Leaves are finely toothed and 1-3in long. Choosing plants that grow and thrive in your particular climate is the very first step toward having a beautiful garden. In backyards. It's a fact sheet about the ecological threat posed by this invasive shrub. Stems may be erect to decumbent [27], and have s… How to choose the best garden plant for your garden depending upon its facts? Plant Description. Time to get moving on the barberry removal. You are being redirected to the DCNR eLibrary. It's shade tolerant, drought resistant and highly adaptable. Hikers move it from place to place in boot treads. What is the Difference Between Japanese and American Barberry? As garden plants have benefits and other uses, allergy is also a major drawback of plants for some people. Japanese Barberry has showy fruits and Rose Glow Barberry has showy fruits. In the 1870's, seeds of the Japanese barberry were introduced to North America at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston. You can compare Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry facts and facts of other plants too. Compare the facts of Japanese Barberry vs Rose Glow Barberry and know which one to choose. Barberry prefers areas of full sunlight with some partial shade. An Asian native, it was introduced to the U.S. as an ornamental in 1875 when seeds were shipped from St. Petersburg to Boston's Arnold Arboretum. generally between ¾ inch to 2 inches long. Barberry is prized for its hardiness, easy care, and deer-resistance. In parking lots. It's important for barberry (Berberis is the scientific name) to have some seasonality. Barberry (Berberis) is a group of shrubs that are used as ornamental features in the residential landscape. See also Barberry below: … How to trigger dormancy If you type "Japanese barberry" into a search engine, the first result will likely be a National Park Service Web page designed to look like a "Wanted" poster. Japanese barberry – Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is the most popular landscape barberry growing from 3 to 6 feet (1-2 m.) tall. These are very popular with Japanese Maples as a complimentary color. The barberry shrub or barberry bush is common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and central Asia. Holiday Sale: Save 25%. Typically, it is about 0.6 - 0.9m (2-3 ft) tall, although it can reach 1.8m (6 ft) in height. Nice dark blood red leaves keep their color all the way from spring till frost. The Essential Guide for a Modern World. Every gardener must at least have the slightest clue about the plants he wants to plant in his garden. "Instead, they sit and hang out and wait for a host like you or me or a raccoon." "Deer eat everything but barberry, and because they don't eat barberry, they're weeding out forests. Best color when planted in full sun. However, these and other barberry species are banned on some areas. Royal Burgundy® Barberry Berberis thunbergii 'Gentry' Sku #1221. These are from Sheffield, Mass., showing the same forest before (top) and after (bottom) the infestation. The views expressed are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Scientific American. As a result, the plants retain higher humidity levels. "There's a responsibility for nurseries to educate their staff about invasive species," says Jess Murray Toro, co-owner of Native Habitat Restoration and a former conservation program manager for the Nature Conservancy, "and a certain responsibility when it comes to buying invasive species, whether it's an exotic fish that outgrows a tank and gets dumped somewhere, or replacing one burning-bush hedge with another.". The views expressed are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of Scientific American. Native species of barberry can be found in most of the world, including South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America. The bark dyes a fine yellow, esp. Japanese barberry has denser foliage than most native species. A dwarf, densely branched form displaying deep crimson colored foliage all season long. The barberry requires little care when grown in USDA hardiness zones 4 through 8. They're helping promote the invasive species," explains Jeff Ward, chief scientist for the Department of Forestry and Horticulture at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES). When you start telling people that this plant can negatively affect them, their pets, their children, then they start paying attention.". Some varieties, however, only reach ankle or knee height. The barberry plant is any of almost 500 species of thorny evergreen or deciduous shrubs of the genus Berberis and the family Berberidaceae. Excellent color contrast against green or gold-leafed plants. Habitat. "LEAST WANTED" is written across the top. Despite this, they are commonly grown as landscape plants and are widely sold at garden centers. For over a hundred years, while it's been gussying up neighborhoods, it's also been escaping from cultivation. Fertilizers required for proper growth of Japanese Barberry are All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, whereas for Rose Glow Barberry fertilizers required are All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer. Some species of Oregon grape, a relative of barberry, are sometimes called barberry. Aboveground description: Japanese barberry is a deciduous shrub, usually about 3 to 6 feet (1-2 m) tall but ranging from about 1 to 10 feet (0.3-3 m) tall [34,36,45,84,98,100]. Thanks to Bambi's distaste for its harsh chemicals and spiny branches, Japanese barberry is left alone to thrive while other plants such as red trillium get shaded out or nibbled to the ground. Any benefit likely relies on the fact that it contains berberine, for which medical uses are being established.2 For instance, scientists have investigated berberine's traditional use in fighting infections. The sin-gle thorn found at each node is divided into three. Discover world-changing science. Soil chemistry has been affected. Japanese barberry has denser foliage than most native species. Here garden plant comparison will help you to solve this query. Though there are studies of berberine that may apply to barberry, evidence for any health benefits for barberry is extremely weak. Berberis vulgaris is the species best known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce, and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. Since the majority of Lyme disease cases occur from nymphal tick bites, and nymphs are most active in the summer, risk is highest during the warm months when we're all happily tromping around wearing shorts and sandals. Compare Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry as they differ in many characteristics such as their life, care, benefits, facts, etc. But we've documented factually that, indirectly, this invasive plant can have a negative effect on human health. Having a fruit bearing plant in your garden can be a plus point of your garden. Due to the bright berries and leaves that Japanese Barberry produces, it has been widely planted across North America as an ornamental plant. A petite barberry with deep maroon-purple foliage that becomes even more intense in the fall. Its thorny branches and variety of leaf colors make it an attractive option for many landscapes. Birds and small animals deposit it. Barberry is hearty. It's taken over turf from Northern Quebec to Georgia and moved as far west as Wyoming. Other articles where American barberry is discussed: barberry: The American or Allegheny barberry (B. canadensis) is native to eastern North America. Ticks need humidity and become desiccated when levels drop below 80 percent. Basic facts about Dwarf Berberis. This variety produces little to no viable seed, making it a great alternative over others. Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' ('Atropurpurea Nana') Item 1205. They are arranged in clusters along Small berries add winter interest. Not yet, Earthquake triggering, and why we don't know where the next big one will strike, The Asian long-horned beetle: Hopefully not coming to a neighborhood near you, By Marie-Claire Shanahan on March 29, 2011. Native plants and wildlife have lost habitat. Concorde Japanese Barberry Berberis thunbergii 'Concorde' Sku #0224. CRIMSON PYGMY BARBERRY Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' Height: 2' Spread: 2-3' Location: Zone 4, sun, tolerates dry soil Shape: Mounded, compact Foliage: Red-purple, orange-scarlet in fall Notes: A dwarf selection of the Japanese Red Barberry that is ideal as a low growing hedge plant. Place in full sun for best color. Can you eat a barberry… As a result, the plants retain higher humidity levels. Japanese barberry has become one of the most prolific invaders in our forests. American Barberry (Berberis Canadensis): This native variety of barberry bears clustered, al-ternate leaves, though they appear whorled. This doesn't happen naturally in a house or apartment. Gardenality is a gardening-centric site made by gardeners for gardeners with tools that enhance any gardening for the expert to the weekend gardener. Since it is not common, of course, you would! A bit of a contradiction—but a common contradiction in the world of invasive-species research. : Herbs. Bright green leaves change to orange or reddish in the fall. Requires regular watering during dry weather, Edging, Foundation, Hedges, Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall, A3, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, Pollution, Drought, Salt, Soil Compaction, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Anthelmintic, Antibacterial, Antiseptic, Cancer, Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry Information, Japanese Barberry and Brunfelsia americana. Japanese barberry is a spiny, deciduous shrub, with arching branches. Crimson Pygmy has a … It can live in a swamp or a parking lot. The Crimson Pygmy Japanese Barberry is a deciduous shrub growing just 2 to 3 feet tall and 3 to 4 feet wide, with a dense, twiggy structure right to the ground. Small yellow flowers may be followed by a few bright red berries. This plant is extremely invasive in some areas, so research carefully before planting. In the open, ticks can only be active for 15-16 hours per day, but when they're protected by Japanese barberry, that number increases to 23 or 24. Image credits: Japanese barberry infestation, Steve Manning, Invasive Plant Control, Bugwood.org; life cycle of deer/blacklegged tick courtesy of USDA; Japanese barberry photo, Jil M. Swearingen, U.S. National Park Service, Center for Urban Ecology, Washington, D.C.; Japanese barberry infestation in Sheffield, Mass., Native Habitat Restoration, 2010. Want to have the most appropriate plant for your garden? Subscribers get more award-winning coverage of advances in science & technology. "The plant exists in an umbrella-like form, so the daytime humidity drop is much more subtle under the canopy of barberry than under other plants," says Scott Williams, a research scientist at CAES. Dormancy is important to promote blooming, develop roots, and prepare spring vegetation. Several types of barberry naturally grow small.These dwarf varieties won't grow into towering, thorny giants that are difficult to prune.. Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is a case in point. Early New England colonial settlers brought common barberry with them to use for yellow dye production, jam, and hedgerow barriers. Hence, the other name crimson pygmy or crimson pygmy Japanese barberry. December 2, 2020 — Lee Billings and Casey Dreier, 1 hour ago — Ronjini Joshua | Opinion, 16 hours ago — Daniel Cusick and E&E News, 19 hours ago — Ewen Callaway and Nature magazine, 20 hours ago — Mike Wall and SPACE.com. The shrub itself has gray, thorny branches with bright yellow flowers that bloom between April and June. This means it should be made to feel the difference between summer and winter. As nouns the difference between barberry and bayberry is that barberry is any of the thorny shrubs of genus berberis , which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries while bayberry is a plant in the genus myrica , a north american shrub with aromatic leather leaves and waxy berries. Shrubs have multiple stems [55] originating from the root crown, plus shoots arising from rhizomes at variable distances from the root crown [27]. Individual shrubs are typically dense and compact [36,84,93,100] and usually broader than tall at maturity, with widths of 3 to 8 feet (1-2.5 m) [88]. But are people paying attention? Also Japanese Barberry is not flowering and Rose Glow Barberry is not flowering . Both the foliage and the berries add color and texture. Atkins, Rosie, et al. And it does. If you would like to try it in your own landscape, it may be safest to choose one of the new cult… Berberidaceae, the barberry family, with 575 species in 4 genera, includes herbs and shrubs that grow in most temperate parts of the world. Compare their benefits, which differ in many ways like facts and uses. Dwarf barberry comes in a blend of deep red and burgundy leaves. And here's the kicker for those of you who'd still consider planting it in your backyard: The prevalence of ticks infected with the Lyme disease–causing spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) is greater in areas with Japanese barberry than areas without. Barberry (noun) A shrub of the genus Berberis, common along roadsides and in neglected fields. Credit: Native Habitat Restoration, 2010. Many species of barberry have spines or thorns as well as the distinctive oblong, bright-red fruit. Day and night. It's April. Japanese barberry (B. thunbergii) often is cultivated as a hedge or ornamental shrub for its scarlet fall foliage and bright-red, long-lasting berries. Crimson Pygmy Dwarf Japanese Barberry. Relative humidity under a barberry is about 100 percent at night. Barberry is a popular burgundy colored shrub but it also comes in orange, golden and red tones. Its red color definitely shines brightly in the sun, especially during fall. As nouns the difference between barberry and berberine is that barberry is any of the thorny shrubs of genus berberis , which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries while berberine is (organic chemistry) any of a class of alkaloid originally obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants. Add the word "buy" to your search, and you'll find hundreds of nurseries, home gardeners and seed purveyors willing to send a Japanese barberry direct to you. Williams concludes: "The majority of people think plants are green and they're out in the woods. Basically, these two plants vary in many aspects. Berries are about 0.5cm long. It prefers full sun but will flower and bear its oval berries even in heavy shade. If you are confused whether Japanese Barberry or Rose Glow Barberry are same, here are some features about those plants to help you choose better. As nouns the difference between berberis and barberry is that berberis is any of very many evergreen or deciduous shrubs of the genus berberis while barberry is any of the thorny shrubs of genus berberis , which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries. Her nonscientific Web site is www.Beth-Jones.com. "There's only an hour or two when they would have to retreat into the soil," Williams explains. I have covered both here so you can be sure to select the correct shrub. Its serrated leaves, juicy berries, and 3-pronged spines help to distinguish this species from the highly invasive Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii). Difference Between Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry. the bark of the root. Ticks need humidity and become desiccated when levels drop … Here are two more photos of Japanese barberry infestation. It grows in open fields, wooded areas, wetlands and disturbed habitats. This variety produces little to no viable seed, making it a great alternative over other barberries. Many people think that these two plants have the same characteristics, but one can see Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry Information and learn more about it. "Plenty more states have it as a problem but they don't have a council to designate it," adds Toro. The root, bark and red berries of the barberry bush are used for medicinal purposes. Supporting References. Both Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) and common barberry are invasive plants in North America. Barberry is a group of evergreen shrubs that are popular not only for medicinal purposes but for landscaping as well. Japanese barberry is an invasive shrub that is native to Japan. Japanese barberry took a circuitous route to arrive on our shores. Leaves: Japanese barberry has small oval to spoon shaped leaves with smooth margins. Doc ID: 1738720 Doc Name: Japanese_EuropeanBarberry.pdf; Error Message: An improved selection from Crimson Pygmy with richer burgundy foliage color and small velvety leaves that hold their color through summer, changing to a reddish black in the fall. Hence, one should know the basic difference between Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry if you are planning to have them in your garden to enhance its beauty. Japanese barberry is a Non-Native, Invasive Shrub Barberry Forms Thickets That Shade and Inhibit Native Seedlings Identify Japanese barberry in Summer or Winter Japanese barberry single sharp spine Japanese barberry flowers and fruit Japanese barberry leaves taper at base About the author: Beth Jones is a journalist, author, blogger and educator who has contributed to the Boston Globe, New York Times, Huffington Post, public radio stations in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, and numerous magazines and academic journals. It can grow pretty much anywhere. Crimson Pygmy Barberry is a smaller, dwarf version of the original Red Barberry. As nouns the difference between barberry and bearberry is that barberry is any of the thorny shrubs of genus berberis , which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries while bearberry is any of three dwarf shrubs of the genus arctostaphylos , which principally grow in … You might want to know the importance of Japanese Barberry and Rose Glow Barberry. © 2020 Scientific American, a Division of Nature America, Inc. Support our award-winning coverage of advances in science & technology. Zones. The message is clear, and pretty obvious: Invasive species affect our lives and our environment—as well as our economy—in a multitude of ways both direct and indirect. Still, you can probably buy one around the corner. According to a 2008 review article on natural approaches to preventing and treating infections of the lower urinary tr… Allergic reactions of Japanese Barberry are Not Available whereas of Rose Glow Barberry have Not Available respectively. Each stem is covered with masses of small, rounded leaves, in a deep, rich shade of purple-red. Don't you want a different color for a change? It produces many seeds, and germination rates have been estimated as high as 90 percent. Several varieties with purple or yellow foliage, spinelessness, or dwarf habit… It's also referred to as European barberry, trailing mahonia or berberis. The spiny, red-berried shrub is designated invasive in 20 states and the District of Columbia. Japanese Barberry has beauty benefits as follows: Not Available while Rose Glow Barberry has beauty benefits as follows: Not Available. Height – ½ to 1½ feet (15 to 45 cm) Main types – Japanese barberry, hybrids. The medicinal use of Japanese Barberry is Anthelmintic, Antibacterial, Antiseptic and Cancer whereas of Rose Glow Barberry is Anthelmintic, Antibacterial, Antiseptic and Cancer.
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This challenging three-day course is appropriate for beginners as well as intermediate and advanced freedivers with no prior certification. The formal training is designed to establish and verify theoretical understanding, effective safety procedures and in-water efficiency, while the additional training sessions allow for more fine-tuning and honing of skills.
The course is designed to cover not only the basics of freediving, but also goes into some depth in the science and understanding of the sport of freediving, making it a excellent primer for those who want to go on into more advanced freediving as well as a solid foundation for recreational freedivers, making their dives safer and more relaxed and enjoyable.
On the first day we meet at 10:00 am we start by getting any left paperwork out of the way and go on with the classroom and pool training. We usually have lunch together at a restaurant nearby restaurant and then continue with theory and pool training until approximately 16:30, depending on progress during the day.
Day two is the first open water day. We meet at 10:00 at the small longtail-pier in Chalong and leave with a traditional longtail boat to the open water training site, which is about a 30 minute ride. We have two sessions with a break for water and a snack and return around 15:00.
The last day of this course begins with schedule much like the open water training on day two. After a lunch break, we continue with the written exam.
Please note that all times are approximate and may differ for individual instances of this course. Please refer to your booking to verify the schedule.
In order to enrol in this course, you need to be able to swim at least 200 metres non-stop (any style). Swimming is a basic requirement for any and all in-water activities. It is a simple skill that can guarantee your safety in any body of water, be it a pool or the open seas.
If your swimming is not that polished, never worry! We offer swim training for absolute beginners.
This beginner freediving course is a fully certified foundation course. Certifications are available from AIDA International, Apnea International or Padi.
This is the comprehensive and recommended way of developing a solid foundation of skills and understanding as a freediver. For shorter courses or basic introductions, see our other beginner courses.


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Q: Trying to use NG-CSV with NG-Grid I'm trying to use NG-CSV to export data that is displayed with NG-Grid. Currently, my module looks like this:
var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngGrid']);

It seems like I should just be able just add the ngCsv dependency inside the [] (given that my html file is properly linked to the ng-csv.js file) like so:
var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngGrid','ngCsv']);

But, every time I try it this way my grid just disappears. Any suggestions?

A: The export to CSV is an ng-grid plugin, it's not an entire separate module so you do not add it to your Angular dependencies.
Instead, add it to your gridOptions. You also need to make sure the footer's enabled so you can see the button
plugins: [new ngGridCsvExportPlugin()],
showFooter: true

A: Because ngCsv need sanitize, so your angularjs app is break, you see grid disappears.
If you see ngCsv example, it's work, it is use Angularjs 1.1.5.
If you use AngularJS 1.2.0 and later, you need to add ngSanitize module like this:
var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ngSanitize', 'ngGrid', 'ngCsv']);

Plunker