Garçon à la Pipe is painted during Picasso's famous Rose Period, a period in which Picasso preferred cheerful orange and pink colors. The oil on canvas painting, measuring 100 x 81.3 cm (slightly over 39 x 32 inches), depicts a Parisian boy holding a pipe in his left hand.
The record price paid for this painting in an auction at Sotheby's New York on May 4, 2004, was a bit of a surprise. While aesthetically pleasing, the painting is not made in the Cubist style that Picasso is so renamed for. Many even state that the record price was more due to the artists name than the quality of the painting.
This painting by the Dutch Impressionism master Vincent van Gogh suddenly became world-famous when Japanese businessman Ryoei Saito paid $ 82.5 million for it at auction in Christie's, New York. Saito was so attached to the painting that he wanted it to be cremated with him when he died. Saito died in 1996 but the painting was saved.
Vincent van Gogh actually painted two versions of Dr Gahet's portrait. You can view the other version, with a slightly different color scheme, at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.
Portrait de l'artiste sans barbe ("Self-portrait without beard") is one of many self-portraits by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh, that he painted in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France in September 1889. The painting is a oil painting on canvas and is 40 cm x 31 cm (16 "x 13").
Van Gogh painted this just after he had shaved himself. This is an uncommon painting since his other self-portraits show him with a beard. The self-portrait is one of the most expensive paintings of all time since it was sold for $ 71.5 million in 1998 in New York.
This painting, painted in 1901, was a part of Picasso's famous Blue Period, a dark, sad period. The painting depicts a woman with her arms crossed staring at the endless nothing. The beautiful different tones of blue ofcourse are typical for the period Picasso was in.
Femme aux Bras Croisés was sold for $ 55,000,000 November 8, 2000, at Christie's Rockefeller in New York City. With four paintings by Picasso in the top ten, we can name him without a doubt the most expensive painter ever.
Les Noces de Pierrette was also painted in Picasso's Blue Period, a period in which he suffered from poverty and depression. This painting was sold to a rich Chines businessman for $ 51,670,000 at Pinoche et Godeau in Paris, France, on November 30, 1989.
The only painting in this list by Picasso that is actually painted in his world-famous Cubism style. Pablo Picasso painted it in 1938, only a few years before World War II broke out. The woman he painted was one of his mistresses, Dora Maar.
Femme Assise Dans Un Jardin by Pablo Picasso was sold at on November 10, 1999, for $ 49,500,000 at New York City's Sotheby's. The auction was very hectic because three anonymous phone bidders tried to win the painting.


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The expected breakdown, which accelerated on the market bids for the purchase, made it possible to take some profits. It is noteworthy that the fundamental background also generally supports the yesterday's movement of the pair. The European Council is ready to postpone England's withdrawal from March 29 to the second half of 2019 or even to 2020. This gives reason to believe that the EU is ready to discuss and negotiate with England. And it is certainly clear that these events are now for a long time. In the meantime, both GBPUSD and EURUSD may begin to move away from the seemingly past threat of a tough Brexit's and gain in value. We expect to see a corrective decline in a large volume of 1.2895-1.2825, where you can search for entry points to buy with a target of 1.3100 or at least yesterday's maximum of 1.2970. Due to the current geopolitical uncertainty, we strongly recommend not to leave positions for the weekend or to monitor the possible news on the weekend and be ready for opening on Monday at different closing prices.
According to yesterday's OPEC report, oil production in December fell by 751 thousand b / d due to Saudi Arabia and Iran. Recall that for Saudis, the price of Brent crude oil is needed at around $ 80 / b in order not to have to patch holes in the country's budget, which means that verbal statements about production cuts will follow, at a minimum. We also heard confirmation of intentions to reduce production from the Russian Ministry of Energy. What is also positive for oil. According to the technical picture, oil is trading in the range of 50.05-53.20 and see the development of an upward trend more preferable than a downward reversal. Therefore, we are waiting for the manifestation of buyers' initiative, a breakdown of 53.20 and after a corrective decline, we expect an increase to 54.50 and 55.00 in the future.


Chapter dues December 1 – February Chapter Meeting are $25.
After February Chapter Meeting, dues are $30. If not paid on or before the March meeting, your account will be marked Inactive and you will not be able to enter hours. Upon payment your account will once again become active.
PLEASE NOTE: a processing fee will be added to Pay Pal payments.


Make these special treats to give away on Halloween.
Wrap a bit of double-sided tape around the base of the lollipop.
Cut a short piece of green crepe paper and lay it over the tape to create the stem of the pumpkin.
Cut the orange tissue paper into 10cm diameter circles.
Wrap the tissue paper circles around the lollipop (I used two layers so the lollipop wrapper wouldn't show through).
Tie a piece of twine around to hold the tissue paper in place.
Draw on your jack-o'-lantern's face with a black marker.


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Cosmos » Agriculture » Bushland and farmland don't always mix
1 August 2018 /
Tanya Loos
Bushland and farmland don't always mix
Relying on natural habitat for pest control doesn't always work.
Wild landscapes and farmland are not always a winning combination. Credit: Natthawat/Getty Images
Despite an analysis of the largest dataset of its kind, a simple landscape model for accurate pest control predictions on farms worldwide remains out of reach.
Natural habitat next to farms can improve crop yields by encouraging predators of crop pests – ladybugs thus protect soybeans in mid-west America, for instance, and songbirds keep down insect numbers in coffee plantations of Central America.
Conservation of natural habitat around cropping areas sounds like a sensible principle, and is widely adopted in agro-ecology. But a new study published in the journal PNAS argues against taking a "one size fits all approach".
"There's a widespread assumption among ecologists that when you have more natural habitat around farm fields you get more enemies of the crop pests, and that these enemies will control the pests and provide a benefit to growers," says lead author Daniel Karp, from the UC Davis Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology in the US.
In order to test this assumption, Karp and colleague Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer organised an international team of ecologists, economists, and practitioners at the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Centre at the University of Maryland. The resulting dataset included 132 studies from more than 6,700 sites in 31 countries.
The findings revealed substantial variation in how pests, enemies, predation rates, crop damage and yields responded to landscape variables, including the presence of natural habitat. Overall, the effects of nearby natural habitat on cropland pests were inconclusive.
While many of the studies showed that surrounding natural habitat do indeed help farmers control unwanted insects, just as many showed negative effects on crop yields.
"This paper isn't telling farmers to clear habitat by any means," says Karp.
"There may be a lot of other benefits from natural habitat, such as pollination or carbon sequestration. But we need to be forthright about knowing when habitat conservation will be advantageous in terms of pests and when other means of pest control are needed."
Large-scale pollination studies tend to report more consistently positive effects of natural habitat around farms – indeed, a key finding of a global quantitative synthesis of bee numbers and diversity in agricultural landscapes found that bee richness on cropping land benefited most from high‐quality surrounding land cover.
However, compared to relatively simple plant pollinator systems, there is greater diversity of organisms involved in pest control from multiple taxa – including birds, bats, beetles, flies and so on.
Despite the challenge, the authors believe the large dataset compiled by this study has the potential to become an open-access pest control database.
One of the ways forward is the inclusion of trait data, such as longevity, body size, and diet, in pest control models to help identify groups that respond in a similar way to landscape variables. This approach was used successfully in a study that examined tropical bird responses to land use change. The work found that short-lived, small, migratory, insectivorous habitat generalist bird species were more abundant than long-lived, large, resident fruit-eating birds in intensively used habitats.
The team, which included 153 co-authors from scientific institutions around the world, concludes that robust decision support tools are "needed to help farmers understand when habitat conservation represents a true win-win and when conservation activities will need to be carefully co-managed to reduce the risk of damaging pest outbreaks".
Originally published by Cosmos as Bushland and farmland don't always mix
Tanya Loos is an ecologist and science writer based in regional Victoria, Australia.
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Improved Child Care Subsidy Rates Effective July 1
Education and Early Childhood Development
Many parents struggling with the cost of child care will pay less on July 1 when the province rolls out changes to the new provincial child care subsidy program.
The parent subsidy per diems in Nova Scotia are the lowest in the country and are a barrier for many families trying to access regulated child care.
"We heard during the review that subsidy rates were too low to be effective in helping families. In some cases, people who were eligible for the subsidy were choosing to stay home because even with the subsidy, they could not afford child care," said Education and Early Childhood Development Minister Karen Casey. "The improved subsidy rates will make child care more affordable and will benefit even more families across the province."
Starting on July 1, families with an income of $25,000 or less will be eligible for the maximum subsidy, up from $20,800. About 700 families currently receiving a partial subsidy will be eligible for the maximum. This change will attract about 1,200 new families into the program.
Families with an income of more than $25,000 up to $70,000 will be eligible for a partial subsidy.
Subsidy eligibility is determined by total family income. The amount families will pay will depend on the amount of subsidy the family receives and the daily parent fees their child care centre charges.
Caps will be placed on the amount a centre can raise parent fees, so the gap between subsidy and cost of care narrows.
Families already enrolled in the subsidy program do not need to reapply to access the new per diems.
New daily subsidy rates will be updated automatically through regulated child care centres to ensure a seamless transition for families.
Improved subsidy rates are part of the response to the review of regulated child care and are included in the report, Affordable, Quality Child Care: A Great Place to Grow!, released on June 1. The report outlines changes that will take place over the next five years focusing on five key priorities:
support and development of the workforce
There are 3,970 families active in the subsidy program, which translates to 4,956 children. About 30 per cent of all full-day child care spaces are subsidized.
For more information, visit http://novascotia.ca/education/early years .
FOR BROADCAST USE:
Improved child care subsidy rates for will be in place for parents and families that need it starting July 1st.
Families with an income of 25-thousand dollars or less will be eligible for the maximum subsidy.
About seven-hundred families receiving a partial subsidy will be eligible for the maximum.
Families with an income of more than 25-thousand dollars up to 70-thousand dollars will be eligible for a partial subsidy.
Subsidy rates are determined by family income. Caps will be placed on the amount a centre can raise parent fees, so the gap between subsidy and cost of care narrows.
For more information visit novascotia-dot-ca slash education slash early years.
Michelle L. Lucas
902-424-8307 Cell: 902-222-1784 Email: Michelle.L.Lucas@novascotia.ca
All government social media accounts
Archive: news releases from 1995-97
Crown copyright © Province of Nova Scotia


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"Tiny Titans: Dinosaur Eggs and Babies" at the VLM
Virginia Living Museum
Ferguson Center for the Arts Concert Hall
Thursday, Jan 30, 2020 at 9:00am
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Groundhog Day at the VLM
Monday, Feb 3, 2020 at 9:00am
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Hampton Public Library
American Rover Sailing Cruises
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Since 1986, the American Rover's red "tan bark" sails have been one of the signature sights of the Hampton Roads area. The Americ...
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371 Chatham Drive
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Bluebird Gap Farm
60 Pine Chapel Road
About Us: Bluebird Gap Farm offers an exciting, family-oriented adventure and educational experience rarely seen in an urban environment. The 60-ac...
Cape Charles Museum and Welcome Center
814 Randolph Avenue
The Cape Charles Museum and Welcome Center opened in 1996 and is dedicated to preserving and presenting to the public the history of Cape Charles a...
Fort Story, VA
The Cape Henry Lighthouse silently guards the entry way into the Chesapeake Bay. Standing near the "First Landing" site of the Jamestown settlers w...
Cherrystone Family Camping Resort
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Chesapeake Bay Center at First Landing State Park
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Chesapeake Planetarium
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In 2013, the Chesapeake Planetarium will celebrate its 50th year of operation. Construction funds for the planetarium were provided by the Chesapea...
Chesapeake Skate Park
900 City Park Drive
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Children's Museum of Virginia
Welcome to the all new, totally renovated, Children's Museum of Virginia! They've added 12,000 square feet – total of 72,000 &nda...
Chrysler Museum Of Art
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The ceremonies are not recommended for young children, who can often be unsettled by the level of noise in the hall and the length of the ceremony. For the comfort of other guests, guests with children may be sat near an exit and will be asked to take any child that becomes agitated or distressed out of the main hall to the foyer area. Children are welcome in the Video Link room which offers a more relaxed and informal atmosphere.
Children under the age of 24 months do not need a guest ticket but must be sat on a guest's lap. Children aged 2 - 16 must be accompanied by an adult and have their own ticket. Children cannot sit with the graduand.
As space in the venues is limited prams and pushchairs are not permitted entry. They can be left outside in a manned marquee, but are done so at the owner's own risk so please ensure that you do not leave any valuables with them.


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The world needs another recipe for kale salad right now like it needs another recipe for avocado toast, but when the kale salad is this satisfying, you make exceptions. It's got double the kale. I know what you're thinking – what does that even mean, Sarah?? We all know what double chocolate cookies are – they've got chocolate cookie base with chocolate chips – but double kale salad? Basically the same thing – we've got a basic kale salad base with crispy KALE CHIPS on top.
This double kale salad is my take on a kale salad that stole my heart at Alden & Harlow on our trip to Boston last month. The kale chips weren't listed on the menu description for their ubiquitous kale salad and the ambience was so dark that it wasn't until a couple bites in that we all realized what was happening on top of the pile of curly greens. Kale chips make this kale salad anything but ubiquitous.
We'll come back to the salad, but first: Boston. Some of you may have followed along on my Instagram Stories last month, but I didn't give the trip its proper hip-hip-hurrah over here yet. My friend Carla and I, along with my in-laws, went to Boston to watch my husband run his first Boston Marathon. He'd qualified in 2013, but had to back out from injury two weeks before the race. Over the past couple years, he's put in the training miles and was back for redemption now 5 years later.
Did y'all see any of the Boston Marathon coverage this year? It was wet. And freezing. And windy. And did I mention: really really wet? I had a jacket, a scarf, a poncho, pants, boots, and an umbrella and could barely feel my feet after 15 minutes of cheering. I cannot imagine running in that weather. For 26.2 miles. In running clothes. For hours. With the risk of hypothermia. A whopping 23 of the elite athletes dropped out mid race. Yet somehow, Lucas ran with a smile and he crushed his seed place, finishing 1,438th out of 26,948 racers. I'm pretty proud of this guy.
But not nearly as proud as his littlest fan. Two year old Zoella had her eyes glued to TV while watching the race in her jammies back at home. The moment women's winner Des Linden appeared just after the finish line, Zoella proudly and confidently declared "that's my daddy!!" So apparently Lucas looks strikingly similar to a petite 34 year old woman. She went to school that day and told everyone all about how she saw her daddy running on TV.
A couple weeks later, we passed by a runner while out on a walk in our neighborhood, many yards away. She ecstatically shouted "Mama! He's running! Like my daddy!" Wanting to be just like him, she makes him race her around the yard now.
Usually it's cake, but today we're having the kale salad of my dreams. Underneath, kale and fennel gets massaged with a roasted creamy pistachio dressing with just a hint of honey. I opted to toss the whole thing in parmesan because it's what I craved, but you can also leave it off for a vegan salad and it's still delicious. Crispy roasted kale chips add a crunch akin to croutons with a salty addicting note.
Zoella has always turned her nose up at salad, both for the green color and the amount of chewing required to eat them. The day I served this salad though, she shoveled it into her mouth with exaggerated OM NOM NOMs. Also, kale chips are apparently the perfect gateway vegetable for toddlers.
Preheat oven to 275 and line two large baking sheets with parchment paper.
In a large bowl, toss the kale for the kale chips in olive oil and salt, rubbing the oil into the leaves until well-coated. Spread the kale out evenly over the two large baking sheets, trying not to crowd or overlap the leaves. Bake on top and middle racks for 12-18 minutes until the leaves begin to dry out, rotating pans and racks halfway through. Toss the kale chips and bake for another 5-8 minutes, or until dry and crispy (they will continue to crisp as they cool!), being careful not to burn the chips. Remove from heat and let cool on the pan while you prepare the rest of the salad.
In a high powdered blender or food processor, combine the pistachios, lemon juice, water, honey, vinegar, garlic, and salt, and pepper. Blend well and with the blender still running, slowly pour in the olive oil, blending until creamy and smooth. If the dressing is too thick, add up to 1/4 cup more water, 1 tablespoon at a time until you reach desired consistency (it should be creamy and not runny). Chill until ready to serve.
In a large bowl, toss the remaining kale leaves and fennel with a few tablespoons of dressing to taste, using your hands to massage the dressing into the kale. Depending on the size of your bunch of kale, you may use all or only half of the dressing to your taste! Sprinkle with parmesan cheese and chopped pistachios and toss.
Serve topped with crispy kale chips.
I love this recipe and love the stories you tell about Zoella! Way to go Lucas! Sarah this salad looks amazing!
This dressing is fantastic. My daughter asked for a salad with it for school lunch. Also, what a great twist on the ubiquitous kale salad!


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News & Updates.
stay up-to-date with news on what's happening around the world.
Pakistan Celebrates 1 year anniversary
The following report is from our National Coordinator, Rev. Zeeshan.
Blessings and greetings from all pastors and leaders living in different areas of Pakistan. We salute you for making us part of the College of Prayer. As we told you, the College of Prayer is making great changes in leaders' lifestyles and their relationship with God. Through the College of Prayer we are able to understand the Father's love, which is now flowing to other people and churches.
We have completed the College of Prayer 1st book, Lord, Teach Us to Pray, in 20 churches. Almost 300 church members are attending the College of Prayer regularly and have finished the first year. But this is not only about completing the curriculum. This has been a life-changing experience through the fire of the Holy Spirit .
We have received many testimonies from people, who have told us:
Family relationships restored through forgiveness.
Family love started because of receiving the Father's love.
Their prayerlessness is finished. Revival has come into families and churches.
Pastors told their churches to get revived through the College of Prayer. Some pastors told us that they were a dead church, but now they are burning under the fire of the Holy Spirit.
Many people received the Holy Spirit for the first time.
Many people have heard the voice of God for the first time.
Young girls and boys have heard the voice of God.
Pastors have been set free from adultery.
The way of prayer is changing many and understanding of God's love has changed us.
We are teaching and leading almost 60-70 different churches in the College of Prayer and are grateful for your help and support and contribution for changing our nation!
for the most up-to-date information, visit our facebook page.


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GEOTAB BUILD 2015 is a developer showcase for M2M/IoT applications that features workshops and case studies for successfully targeting productivity, safety and fleet applications and poses the opportunity to interview Geotab executives. Geotab BUILD 2015 takes place from 2:30PM to 5PM, Sept. 8.
GEOTAB CONNECT 2015 is a networking and learning event among Geotab and Reseller Partners, Solution Partners and Customers. It will help extend the value of Geotab to customers in several key areas: third party software add-ins, add-ons and customer experience. There are currently 1,500 attendees registered. The conference takes place from 10:30AM to 5PM, Sept. 9 and 10, and 10:30AM to 3PM on Sept. 11.
Geotab is a finalist for the MobITs Award, which celebrates outstanding achievements in mobile IT solutions that improve enterprise performance and productivity through mobile apps and platforms, customer experience, device management, security and privacy and new innovations. The award ceremony takes place at 2PM on Sept. 10.
Major launches will be announced in the coming days that are indicative of Geotab's knack for telematics innovation in security, reliability and scalability.


Far below the surface of the sea, the seabed is being scoured by rivers of sediment that can flow thousands of miles from land.
The river cascades through steep-sided gorges and churns around isolated towers of rock, before winding across a vast plain beyond.
It is a torrent to rival the mighty Colorado River that carved out the Grand Canyon.
Yet this dramatic natural wonder has never appeared in any tourist photographs, nor does it feature on any maps.
It lies two miles (3.2km) beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean.
Stretching away from the coast of California, the Monterey Canyon has been shaped over millions of years by this bizarre "undersea river".
Beyond the mouth of the canyon, the flow has cut a valley into the sea floor that extends for nearly 200 miles before spilling onto the abyssal plain of the deep ocean.
Similar channels can be found etched into seabeds all over the world.
They have been found off the coasts of Greenland, the Amazon, the Congo and Bengal, to name a few.
The largest are several miles wide and run for thousands of miles out into the ocean depths, where they provide vital sustenance to the creatures living there.
But these undersea rivers are among the least understood phenomena on our planet.
In many ways, undersea rivers are similar to the rivers we see on land.
They have banks on either side. Smaller rivers called "tributaries" feed into larger ones.
The rivers carve valleys into the sea floor.
They follow meandering paths and can even change course, resulting in abandoned sections similar to oxbow lakes.
Ultimately, they spill out onto the abyssal plain in the ocean depths in similar ways to a river estuary.
"If you drained all the water away, it would look exactly like a river system with bends and meanders, except there are no trees along the banks," says Dan Parsons, a sedimentologist at the University of Hull, UK, who travels the world to study undersea rivers .
These submarine channels were almost completely unknown until the 1980s, when sonar mapping of the seafloor began to reveal them.
Many extend out into the ocean from the mouths of major rivers like the Amazon and the Congo, following tortuous routes across the thick sediment on the seafloor.
At the time, scientists compared them to mature river systems on land, such as the lower reaches of the Mississippi River.
The underwater canyons cut into the continental shelf can be compared to the headwaters of a river system. From there, a river will spill into large meandering channels that extend out on the floor of the continental slope and the continental rise.
There, the channels tend to be bounded by huge levees that have built up over time.
Some of these levees stand hundreds of feet above the sea floor.
"These submarine channel systems are some of the biggest in the Solar System," says Parsons.
However, it was only in the late 1990s that it became clear how these channels were created.
Scientists drilled into the sediments in the channels, and the sediment cores indicated they had formed through repeated deposits of sediment that appeared to spill down the channels.
Rather than flows of fresh (or at least salty) water, undersea rivers are slurries of silt and sand that cascade along channels on the seabed.
Each particle tumbles through the water under its own weight.
A new river starts on the continental shelf like an avalanche in the mountains, picking up speed and momentum as it moves until it flows like a liquid.
Once started, an undersea river can flow for weeks and even months at a time, moving the same amount of sediment in one go that all the world's land-based rivers transport in an entire year.
"The flows that come down them are more like snow avalanches or volcanic pyroclastic flows," says Parsons.
However, studying these processes in the deep sea has proven difficult.
"When you compare them to what we know about rivers on land, we have practically no measurements of these flows under the sea," says Parsons.
Part of the reason for this is the difficulty in studying an environment at that depth. Many of the channels are found more than a mile (2km) down and can flow to depths of 2.5 miles (4km).
To reach these inky depths requires specialised remote controlled deep-sea submarines.
Worse, the rivers only flow some of the time.
After a flow has passed, the channel may be inactive for weeks, months or even years.
It can cost over £25,000 a day to use a research vessel that can launch remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to explore the deep ocean, so it is hardly surprising few scientists have been able to study these undersea flows.
"People have just not had the capacity to go and look before," says Jeff Peakall, a sedimentologist at the University of Leeds, UK.
Instead, for many years researchers had to rely on laboratory simulations, mixing seawater with building plaster or mud in large tanks to create turbidity currents.
Footage of these experiments reveals that the currents are similar to avalanches or pyroclastic flows, as the sediment billows and surges along the bottom of the tanks.
Now a small band of intrepid researchers are beginning to explore these deep-sea channels and learn more about how they work and what lives around them.
"We are now at the stage where the technology is letting us measure the flows in the real world at full scale," says Parsons.
"In Monterey, we are repeatedly mapping the canyon to see how it changes over time," says Parsons. His team is using autonomous underwater vehicles to show how the flows are changing the seafloor.
Parsons is also conducting similar research off the coast of British Columbia.
There, meltwater from glaciers and snow in the mountains delivers sand and mud to a delta at the top of a fjord known as Bute Inlet, which will then collapse and flow down the submarine channel in a powerful "turbidity current" – the name given to these cascades of sediment laden water.
In a study published in 2010, Peakall and Parsons sent a robotic submarine down to a deep undersea channel that runs across the bottom of the Black Sea.
Here, they found another type of current is carving the river channel, this time a flow of salty water, which originally comes from the Mediterranean, spills into the Black Sea through the narrow Bosphorus strait and then into the channel.
Since the Mediterranean water is saltier, and so denser, than the Black Sea, it remains separate, flowing at a speed of around 4mph (6.4km/h).
Every second, around 22,000 cubic metres of water passes through the channel.
"We were trying to map the water coming out of the Bosphorus strait, to understand how flows move through undersea rivers," says Parsons.
Only in the last few years have researchers witnessed an undersea mud river in the real world. In 2013, Charlie Paull of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and his colleagues were using an ROV to explore a relatively small underwater canyon, just a few miles from the Californian coast. The ROV was tethered to a ship on the surface, around 1,500ft (400m) above.
Without warning, a turbidity current came roaring down the canyon and the ROV was caught in it. One of the ROV pilots described the experience as being like "flying an ROV in a tornado".
The five-ton ROV was lifted off the seafloor and pushed sideways.
It beamed back video, which revealed a dense layer of muddy water surging and billowing across the canyon valley.
Clumps of kelp, torn from the seabed further upstream, could be seen rushing past. But before they could learn more, the team had to pull the ROV out of the flow, for fear it would be torn free of its tether.
A 2014 analysis by Esther Sumner of the University of Southampton showed that the sediment flow, which was 295ft (90m) thick from top to bottom, had travelled down the canyon at around 3.8mph (6.1km/h).
Yet this was a relatively small flow.
Oceanographers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute are now leading the development of new technologies to study bigger rivers.
They have developed acoustic "speed cameras", which can measure the speed of the flows tumbling down the Monterey Canyon and into the valley beyond.
They have made "smart boulders": beach-ball-sized instrument arrays, also known as benthic event detectors or Beds.
These can sit on the floor of the channel.
When a sediment river cascades down, they are picked up and carried along.
They send back information about how they roll, glide and lift from the sea floor.
Yet the sheer power of these enormous flows of sediment can make studying them a challenge.
In January 2016, Paull and his team lost a fixed monitoring device, along with the one-tonne tripod it was mounted on, when a powerful sediment flow swept down the Monterey Canyon at 12mph (19.3km/h).
They eventually found it, after following the pings from its beacon - three miles from its original position, almost completely buried in mud.
When they managed to pull it out, they found steel plates on the frame had been bent out of shape and ground down to a knife-edge.
A float on top of the tripod, made of carbon fibre and titanium, had also been badly eroded.
Ten months later, they lost a second tripod in a similar manner, while another event saw an entire mooring dragged four miles (7.1km) out of position.
"It is sobering to think those sort of events are going on under the seabed," says Paull.
Faced with this kind of destructive force, it is hard to imagine much life surviving along the length of these undersea channels.
Yet some species, at least, seem to thrive.
With Jim Barry at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, McClain has shown that the channel beds teem with snails, clams, crustaceans, urchins, sea cucumbers and worms.
What's more, beyond the safety of the canyon, the nutrients and oxygen carried by the flows seems to help life survive on the comparative desert of the ocean's abyssal plain.
To find out what is going on, scientists have looked at sandstone that was formed from sediment flows under prehistoric oceans.
Telltale holes in the rocks suggest small worms once burrowed through the sediment.
"What appears to happen is the flows not only bring oxygen and nutrients down to the deep ocean, but they also carry life with them too," says Peakall.
A 2016 experiment by Sumner suggests that polychaete worms – brightly-coloured marine creatures, covered in bristles like a pipe cleaner – may be able to survive such a journey intact.
The organisms living in the sediment may also play an important role in the way these undersea rivers flow in the first place.
A 2015 study by Jaco Baas of the University of Bangor, UK, and his colleagues showed that microorganisms living in the mud help to bind it together, allowing sediment to pile up – until it fails catastrophically.
This helps explain why undersea rivers only flow periodically.
It now seems that something strange happens to the flows as they go downstream.
Studies of undersea rivers off the coast of the Congo show that they stretch as they go downstream.
This means an event that lasts an hour at the top can go on for days or weeks at the bottom of the channel.
One of the most active undersea sediment rivers can be found in the Nazaré Canyon off the coast of Portugal.
The river runs down a narrow channel inside the five-mile-wide (8km) canyon, before flowing across the abyssal plain nearly 2.5 miles (4km) beneath the surface, where it is contained with large levees.
Around four times a year, small flows spill down the Nazaré Canyon for a few kilometres at a time before running out of steam.
But the canyon is sometimes hit by more violent events.
While canyon flushing turbidity currents are rare, it could still be important to understand them.
For starters, they help to lock away huge volumes of carbon in the sediment at the bottom of the ocean, slightly slowing the rise in greenhouse gases that is causing climate change.
But they can also have more immediate effects on our lives.
In 1929, 23 underwater telegraph cables were cut close to Newfoundland.
It was suggested later that an offshore earthquake had struck the nearby Grand Banks, dislodging a bank of sediment, which then roared down a channel in the continental shelf and out onto the abyssal plain.
Today, nearly all of the world's internet and banking transactions are conducted over underwater cables, so if a lot of these cables were cut it would cause major problems.
Many of the cables connecting the US to Europe cross the path of this same underwater river channel that runs south from Newfoundland.
Scientists estimate the flow that came down that channel in 1929 reached speeds of 57mph (93km/h) and carried debris more than 683 miles (1,100km) across the sea floor.
"If we saw a repeat of that now, it could be disastrous," says Talling.
His research is partly funded by the International Cable Protection Committee, which looks after underwater infrastructure.
Earth's political boundaries will always shift as conflict rises and regimes fall.
We are used to this sort of change and the out-of-date maps it produces.
But nothing in the history of human diplomacy has prepared us for what's coming next — countries that physically cease to exist as the land they are made of is swallowed up by rising seas.
For low-lying nation states like the Maldives, Tuvalu, the Marshall Islands, and Kiribati, it's not a question of if, but when.
Keeping the world to two degrees Celsius of warming, the stated goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change, would still result in 15 feet of future sea level rise, according to analysis by Climate Central.
At 16 feet, the Maldives and Tuvalu would be completely submerged.
The Marshall Islands would be 99 percent underwater, and Kiribati 97 percent.
Even a few feet of sea level rise — within the realm of possibility for this century — would devastate these countries and permanently change their landscapes.
"Life is difficult enough on these small islands, surrounded by the vastness of the ocean, without adding the challenges of sea level rise, more dangerous extreme weather, and the loss of food and fresh water resources," write Andrew Holland and Esther Babson of the American Security Project in a recent report for the Center for Climate and Security.
The islands have made up for their small populations and poor resources by forming alliances with each other, and yet a humanitarian crisis is almost guaranteed.
Kiribati has made some effort to plan for the future, by purchasing land in Fiji that currently grows food for the people of Kiribati and may one day house them as well.
But it's most likely that the exoduses will happen in sudden moments of crisis, when storm surges flood whole islands and poison freshwater resources.
"What we should expect is more uncontrolled migration from island to island, to cities and developed countries," write Holland and Babson.
Where will climate change refugees go when their homes are destroyed, and will they be welcomed when they arrive?
Will the magnitude of the crisis prompt nationalist, reactionary policies that see borders shut down and xenophobia climb?
You might say that's already happening today, with refugees from Syria's brutal war, set off in part by climate change, being portrayed as potential threats in the mainstream discourse of the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.
And what happens to the political entity of a nation state when its physical land is abandoned?
What rights do former inhabitants still claim to that region and the economic resources it may still hold?
Currently the island nations lay claim to an exclusive economic zone that extends 200 miles in all directions.
Who will own the rights to fish when the land is all but gone?
The international community has yet to grapple with these questions, and there will be no easy answers.
China has shown an increasing interest in the region, and has upped climate change aid to these countries dramatically.
One motivation could be a desire to ultimately have more say in who gets to control these island resources when the people move away.
The recent promise of United States President Donald Trump to withdraw from the Paris Agreement ups chances that nations will look to their own interests before helping their neighbors.
The U.S., after all, is the richest country in the world and the one that has contributed the most to climate change.
If it will shirk responsibility for the damage it has wrought, why would another step up?
And the rest of the world will certainly have its own troubles.
"These problems are not unique to small, poor island nations," write Holland and Babson.


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text:
FDA Ophthalmic Devices Panel Favorably Votes for the ReSure® Sealant
December 6, 2013 By cbecker
The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Ophthalmic Devices Panel concluded that ReSure Sealant (Ocular Therapeutix, Inc., Bedford, MA), a first-of-a-kind medical device in the United States, is safe and effective for the management of clear corneal wound leaks following cataract surgery.
During this meeting, the panel reviewed data from the ReSure Sealant Pivotal Study, a 488-patient controlled, multi-center, randomized, prospective clinical trial. For the primary endpoint of prevention of wound leaks within the first 7 days post-operatively, the ReSure Sealant demonstrated statistical superiority over sutures. The ReSure Sealant successfully prevented wound leaks in 95.9% of cases, compared to sutures at a rate of only 65.9%. Use of the ReSure Sealant was associated with fewer adverse events when compared to suture and was well-tolerated by patients.
"Prior to device application, nearly half of all clear corneal wounds spontaneously leaked in the trial, while the majority of remaining incisions leaked with minimal provocation," stated Amar Sawhney, President and CEO of Ocular Therapeutix, Inc. "Surgeons may overestimate the integrity of clear corneal incisions and may not consider forces which may be encountered by the wound post-operatively. Suturing has so far been the best definitive recourse for treating leaking wounds, however, in this trial the ReSure Sealant was demonstrated to be superior to sutures for management of wound leaks. Additionally, there were fewer device-related and total adverse events in the ReSure Sealant group, thus establishing a strong safety profile. We are pleased that the panel has recognized this important advance with their vote of confidence and look forward to working with FDA toward approval of the ReSure Sealant."
About the ReSure Sealant:
The ReSure Sealant is a synthetic, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogel which is applied as a liquid and gels in situ on the ocular surface, creating a soft and lubricious surface sealant. The ReSure hydrogel is designed to stay on the incision in the immediate post-operative period when wounds are most vulnerable, after which it hydrolyzes and gently sloughs off in the patient's tears.
About Cataract Surgery:
Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgery in the United States, with approximately 3.5 million procedures conducted annually (Market Scope, 2008). Clear corneal cataract wound leaks are widely thought to be a contributing factor to some post-surgical complications. Presently, ophthalmologists use stromal hydration to close these wounds, however, recent reports in the literature suggest this method of wound closure may not be adequate to provide a watertight seal.1 FDA approval of an ophthalmic sealant would provide surgeons a novel means of wound closure for vulnerable incisions.
About Ocular Therapeutix, Inc.:
Founded in November 2006, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc. is a privately held company based in Bedford, MA, focused on the development and commercialization of ophthalmic therapeutic products using its proprietary hydrogel technology. Ocular Therapeutix is focusing on development of drug-eluting intracanalicular plugs for treatment of glaucoma and post-operative pain and inflammation, injectable depots for back-of-the-eye diseases, and an ocular sealant.
1. Masket S, Hovanesian JA, et al. Use of a calibrated force gauge in clear corneal cataract surgery to quantify point-pressure manipulation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013 Apr; 39(4):511-8.


text:
Le genre Melanargia regroupe des lépidoptères appartenant à la famille des Nymphalidae, à la sous-famille des Satyrinae et à la tribu des Satyrini.

Systématique
Le genre Melanargia a été décrit par l'entomologiste allemand Johann Wilhelm Meigen en 1828.

Synonymie
 Agapetes Billberg, 1820
 Arge Hübner, [1819]
 Ledargia Houlbert, 1922
 Epimede Houlbert, 1922
 Parce Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922
 Halimede Oberthür et Houlbert, 1922
 Lachesis Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922.

Noms vernaculaires
Ils sont à damiers noir et blanc d'où leurs noms de damier ou d'échiquier et en anglais de Marbled White.

Taxinomie
Liste des espèces et sous-espèces

 Melanargia arge (Sulzer, 1776) — Échiquier d'Italie — en Italie
 Melanargia asiatica (Oberthür & Houlbert, 1922) — en Chine
 Melanargia epimede Staudinger, 1892 — dans l'est de la Mongolie, le nord-est de la Chine et en Corée
 Melanargia evartianae Wagener, 1976 — dans le nord de l'Iran
 Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758) — Demi-deuil
 Melanargia galathea galathea — en Europe
 Melanargia galathea donsa Fruhstorfer, 1916 — dans le Caucase
 Melanargia galathea lucasi (Rambur, 1858) — Demi-deuil d'Afrique du Nord — en Afrique du Nord
 Melanargia galathea satnia Fruhstorfer, 1917 — dans le Caucase
 Melanargia galathea tenebrosa Fruhstorfer, 1917
 Melanargia ganymedes Rühl-Heyne, 1895 — au Tibet
 Melanargia grumi Standfuss, 1892
 Melanargia halimede (Ménétries, 1859) — dans l'est de la Mongolie, en Chine et en Corée
 Melanargia hylata (Ménétries, 1832) — en Turquie et en Iran
 Melanargia ines (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) — Échiquier des Almoravides — au Portugal, en Espagne, au Maroc, en Algérie, Tunisie et Libye
Melanargia ines ines
 Melanargia lachesis (Hübner, 1790) — Échiquier ibérique.
 Melanargia larissa (Geyer, 1828) — Échiquier des Balkans.
Melanargia larissa astanda (Boisduval, 1848)
Melanargia larissa hertina Staudinger, 1901 — en Géorgie
 Melanargia leda Leech, 1891 — au Tibet et dans l'ouest de la Chine
 Melanargia lugens Honrath, 1888 — dans le centre de la Chine
 Melanargia meridionalis Felder, 1862 — dans le centre et l'ouest de la Chine
 Melanargia montana Leech, 1890 — en Chine le long du Yang-tsé-yang
 Melanargia occitanica (Esper, 1793) — Échiquier d'Occitanie — dans le sud-ouest de l'Europe, en Afrique du Nord et en Sicile
Melanargia occitanica pelagia Oberthür, 1911 — au Maroc
 Melanargia parce (Staudinger, 1882)
Melanargia parce lucida Staudinger, 1886
 Melanargia pherusa (Boisduval, 1833) — Échiquier de Sicile — en Sicile
 Melanargia russiae (Esper, 1783) — Échiquier de Russie — du sud de l'Europe au centre de l'Asie
Melanargia russiae russiae
Melanargia russiae caucasiaca Nordmann, 1851
Melanargia russiae transcaspica Staudinger, 1901
 Melanargia sadjadii Carbonell & Naderi, 2006 — Échiquier de la Caspienne
 Melanargia syriaca (Oberthür, 1894) — dans le nord de l'Iran
 Melanargia teneates (Ménétries, 1832) — dans le nord de l'Iran
 Melanargia titea (Klug, 1832) — en Syrie, Palestine, Arménie, Iran
Melanargia titea wiskotti (Röber, 1896) — en Turquie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Lépidoptère
 Satyrinae

Liens externes
 Melanargia Meigen, 1828 sur funet

Genre de Lépidoptères (nom scientifique)
Satyrinae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Students to serve as 'Magh Mitras' during Magh Mela in UP
Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh): For the first time, about 500 students from various education institutions in Prayagraj will be trained as 'Magh Mitra' to help the government departments in crowd management, surveillance, rescue operation, and maintaining sanitation/ hygiene during the upcoming Magh Mela which begins next month.
Volunteers from the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS), and other private engineering colleges will be tasked with helping the government agencies.
The Magh Mitras will also be guiding the pilgrims and devotees with relevant information.
Divisional commissioner, Prayagraj, and chairman, Prayagraj Mela Authority, Vijay Vishwas Pant said, "This is the first of its kind initiative for Magh Mela where the administration is engaging young volunteers in such a large number to support them. This will not only help in better pilgrim experience but will also be a great exposure for these students. They will be engaged for a period of 45 days, beginning January 5.
"We will also offer an opportunity to Magh Mitra volunteers to work with the government administration and be part of the spiritual legacy of Prayagraj," said Pant.
To equip them with all the relevant information a workshop will be organised where students/volunteers will be educated about the mela history and dynamics.
They will also be given "May I Help You" T-shirts for the identity purpose. Their services will be mainly sought for four areas — tourism, sanitation, security and planning," he said.
For tourism, the volunteers will be deployed at the tourist spots to help facilitate beautification, temple restoration, preservation and making creative collateral for promoting Magh Mela.
For sanitation, Magh Mitra will help to maintain a strict eye on mela area cleanliness and safe disposal of all kinds of waste and keeping mela ODF free.
On the security front, Magh Mitra volunteers will help the law enforcement agencies in crowd management, surveillance, emergency rescue operations and traffic management.
Similarly, on the planning front, the volunteers will assist mela authorities in coordinating with all departments, managing documentation at the mela office as well as event management.
If successful, the initiative will be replicated during Kumbh Mela in 2025 on a larger scale, said officials.


text:
Home > Single Life > Celebrity Dating > Katy Perry and John Mayer Back Together?
Katy Perry and John Mayer Back Together?
By Brianne Hogan Last updated on January 4, 2016 May 31, 2021
Back On?: Looks like Hollywood's most confusing couple is back on. Again. Again. Katy Perry and John Mayer were spotted leaving together from the Hollywood hotspot The Nice Guy on Wednesday. It seems that the infamous on-off couple reunited just in time to share a midnight kiss on New Year's Eve. Perry and Mayer, who first started dating back in 2012, were last seen together getting "cozy" at friend Allison Williams' wedding in September. "John and Katy looked happy," a source told People Magazine at the time. "They held hands and sat next to each other during the wedding ceremony." Who knows? Maybe 2016 will be the year these two finally say "I do" — at least to a more certain commitment.
Take Two: Another ridiculously attractive couple Kylie Jenner and Harry Styles might be back together, too. The young and beautiful twosome were seen dining together in Anguilla earlier this week fueling rumours of their reconciliation. Then, on Wednesday, the couple were photographed packing on some major P.D.A. aboard a yacht in St. Barts. It definitely looks like the couple, who were last linked in 2013, has decided to give things another try, or at least ring in the new year together. Their coupling would certainly be convenient: Jenner's best friend, Gigi Hadid, is said to be dating Styles' former bandmate, Zayn Malik.
Cozy Up: Nina Dobrev is staying warm this winter, thanks to boyfriend, Austin Stowell. The former Vampire Diaries star shared a cute photo of her and her beau sharing a snowy smooch at a ski resort in Utah. The actress recently flew more than 10 members of her extended family for a holiday break in the snow. "Getting early start on xmas with the fam at our #airbnb #shredding," she wrote on her Instagram. And it looks like her boyfriend of five months joined in on the festivities. The couple certainly has done their fair share of traveling together since coupling up — they've also jaunted to the South of France and New York City. Seems like the couple who travels together, stays together.
Just Married: No need to be here waiting any longer. Richard Marx and Daisy Fuentes exchanged vows in a pre-Christmas ceremony in Aspen, Colorado on Dec. 23 after dating for about a year. The '80s icon took to Instagram to share his good news, writing, "On December 23rd, 2015 the magnificent @daisyfuentes gave me the honor of becoming my wife. #Aspen." Fuentes also took to social media to share the news. "This happened & I couldn't be happier," she tweeted. "Nos casamos y más feliz no puedo estar #myhusband @therichardmarx #miesposo #aspen." The two met while shooting the video for the singer's 2014 single, "Beautiful Goodbye." Turns out it was a beautiful hello, instead.
Maybe Engaged: Mariah Carey might be sporting more bling than usual. The songstress was spotted wearing a suspicious sparkling ring when she arrived in Melbourne with billionaire boyfriend James Packer earlier this week. The couple are Down Under for her sold-out New Year's Eve party at Crown Casino's Crowd Palladium. Though her new ring was definitely being worn on that finger, it's unclear whether or not it is, in fact, an engagement ring. However, those close to the couple wouldn't be surprised if they made things official soon. The couple, who started dating six months ago, recently moved in together. "They are very much in love," an insider told E! News, adding that "things couldn't be better" between the pair. Happy New Year, indeed!
Photos by: People Magazine, Daily Mail, Instagram/Nina Dobrev, E! News
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Our Trendline series kicks off 2015 with a look at teacher layoff policies in the largest districts across the country.
Layoffs are different from dismissals; they occur when districts face economic difficulty and have to conduct a reduction in force in order to balance the budget books. Often, districts base layoffs on seniority in order to conduct the process in a transparent way; but seniority-based layoffs have had no shortage of opposition from education advocacy groups.
As of 2014, 30 states require districts to factor in seniority at some level—either as one of multiple factors or the sole factor—when determining layoffs during a reduction in force. An additional 19 states leave layoff criteria to the discretion of each district.
While 48 percent of large districts require that teacher tenure status determine which teachers get laid off during a reduction in force, a sizeable number (40 percent) either explicitly do not, or they happen to be located in a state which prohibits them from doing so because they have eliminated tenure.
Of the nine districts where tenure does not exist, eight are in Florida. The Sunshine State eliminated tenure and moved to a system of annual contracts in 2011. Aspire Public Schools, a charter network with most of its schools in California, is the only other school system in our database that does not have tenure.
In one district, Birmingham City Schools, the order in which teachers are laid off is left up to its board of education. The district's board policy contains vague language which states that its school board determines whether or not non-tenured teachers are laid off before tenured teachers. It specifies that teachers are identified for layoffs by any "justifiable, measurable and calculable objective measures including seniority and performance."
When we look beyond non-tenured versus tenured teachers during the layoff process, the criteria for laying off teachers who have already earned tenure are more mixed. While 50 large districts make seniority the sole or preponderant criterion for laying off tenured teachers, 47 districts identify tenured teachers for layoffs based in part or solely on performance. Another 11 districts use a combination of performance and seniority.
There are a few districts which account for teacher performance during the layoff process in particularly unique ways. In Wichita Public Schools, after non-tenured teachers are laid off, teachers in remediation are the first to be identified for layoffs amongst tenured teachers. Clark County School District (NV), a district that does not lay off non-tenured before tenured teachers, also has a unique policy: the first teachers in line for layoffs are those who have been suspended for more than five days within the two previous contract years; next are those who were rated unsatisfactory in each of the last two contract years; only after these two groups of teachers are laid off is seniority factored into the process.
The only district in the Teacher Contract Database that is not included in the chart above is Charleston County School District (SC) where the board policy merely states that the superintendent will establish guidelines for a layoff during a reduction in force "when and if the need arises."
Seniority can be determined one of two different ways: a teacher's level of seniority relative to all other teachers in the district OR a teacher's level of seniority relative only to other teachers in the school where he or she is currently assigned. The vast majority of large school districts (70 percent) determine seniority at the district level.
Only three districts—Chicago Public Schools, the District of Columbia Public Schools and Green Dot Public Schools—determine seniority levels for teachers at the school level. In the District of Columbia, a local school personnel committee makes a recommendation for teachers to be laid off and the district's superintendent acts on the recommendation.
When seniority is determined at the district level, layoffs can have a disproportionate impact on schools, particularly lower-performing schools which experience high turnover. For example, in 2008, budget cuts caused a reduction in force in staff across the Los Angeles Unified School District(LAUSD); but because seniority was determined at the district level, novice teachers concentrated in a handful of schools serving a predominately high-poverty community were disproportionately laid off. In some schools, more than half of the teachers received pink slips. The ACLU took notice, filing a class action lawsuit against California and LAUSD in what is now known as Reed v. State of California. In 2011, the Court approved a settlement that exempts up to 45 LAUSD schools from the district-wide layoff process in order to prevent the disparate impact of this policy. This is a work-around solution at best, but it addressed the immediate issue created with this kind of policy.
Using school-level seniority reduces the disproportionate impact on specific schools, but it introduces other complexities. Using school-level seniority can discourage teachers from transferring from one school to another because, once a teacher joins the staff of a new school, he or she would have the least seniority and be the first in line in the event of a layoff.
When teachers are laid off due to a reduction in force across a district, the teacher contract or school board policy often requires that the district call those teachers back to work once retirements and resignations have been taken into account and budgets are balanced.
When hiring new teachers, nearly 73 percent of the country's largest districts give recall rights or preference to teachers who were laid off during a reduction in force. Recall rights act as a "right of first refusal" for teachers, where the most senior teacher is offered the first vacancy available, and if he/she rejects it, the next available vacancy is offered; preference for teachers in this process means only that laid off teachers are prioritized in the rehiring process, but they are not guaranteed a position.
Of the 87 districts that do provide previously laid off teachers preference or recall rights for vacancies, about 83 percent (72 districts) require a mandatory recall in inverse order of layoffs. In other words, the most senior laid-off teacher is first in line for a guaranteed spot in any available vacancy. One of those districts—Caddo Parish Public Schools (LA)—explicitly states that while teachers must be recalled according to this rule, this policy does not apply to laid off teachers who were previously rated ineffective.
The remaining 15 of these 87 districts give preference to laid off teachers but do not guarantee them a placement.
Of the 13 districts that do not offer laid off teachers either recall rights or preference based on seniority, three districts explicitly state that laid off teachers are given preference for available positions based on teachers' performance: Detroit Public Schools, Denver Public Schools and Jefferson County Public Schools(CO).
Many of the districts (78 districts) that offer teachers preference or recall rights, define in contract or board policy how long this preferential treatment applies. Almost two-thirds of these districts allow tenured teachers to maintain recall rights or preference for two to four years after they are laid off.
Dayton City School District (OH), Jefferson County Public Schools (KY), Pittsburgh Public Schools and Toledo Public Schools allow laid off, tenured teachers recall rights/preference indefinitely. In other words, these teachers can remain on unpaid leave until they are placed in a vacancy.
On the other hand, out of the thirteen districts that do not provide teachers recall rights or preference based on seniority, a few clearly state how long teachers remain on the district's internal hiring list. Detroit Public Schools gives preference to laid-off teachers during the rehiring process based on teachers' performance for a maximum of three-years. In contrast, Denver Public Schools and Jefferson County Public Schools (CO) offer tenured teachers one year (or two hiring cycles) to find a position through mutual consent assignment, after which they are placed on unpaid leave indefinitely.
While most large districts still use seniority to dictate a significant portion, if not all, of who gets laid off, we predict that more districts will begin to use performance measures in this process as more states' commitments to implementing improved teacher evaluations kick in.


text:
Q: UIRobot controller and program in C# I have this a controller from UIRobot. Here is manual: enter link description here
I want to write software to controle it in C#.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO.Ports;

namespace hhh
{

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string ot = "Port je otvoreny";
            string za = "Port je zavrety";
            string COM = "COM1";
            string command = "ENABLE";

            SerialPort sp = new SerialPort(COM, 9600);
            sp.Open();

            if (sp.IsOpen)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ot);
                sp.Write(command);
                sp.ReadLine();
            }

            else
            {
                sp.Write(za);
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

In manual is command ENABLE to initialize controller but it does not work in my code. How Can I send command or where I do a mistake?

I have learned something new so here is update my code and new question.
I want to recieve position of motor. There is command "POS;" which has to give me the value but I get message box with question mark (?) instead number value. Why?
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO.Ports;

namespace UIRFocuser
 {
  public partial class Form1 : Form
 {
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        enable.Enabled = true;
        disable.Enabled = false;
        zero.Enabled = false;
        increase.Enabled = false;
        inc10.Enabled = false;
        decrease.Enabled = false;
        dec10.Enabled = false;
        fbk.Enabled = false;
    }
    private void enable_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.PortName = "COM1";
        sp.BaudRate = 9600;
        int max = -7000; //max position motor
        int min = 0; //min positio of motor
        sp.Open();
        if (sp.IsOpen)
        {
            enable.Enabled = false;
            disable.Enabled = true;
            zero.Enabled = true;
            increase.Enabled = true;
            inc10.Enabled = true;
            decrease.Enabled = true;
            dec10.Enabled = true;
            fbk.Enabled = true;

            sp.Write("ENABLE;");
        }
    }

    private void disable_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (sp.IsOpen)
        {
            sp.Write("OFFLINE;");
            sp.Close();
            enable.Enabled = true;
            disable.Enabled = false;
            zero.Enabled = false;
            increase.Enabled = false;
            inc10.Enabled = false;
            decrease.Enabled = false;
            dec10.Enabled = false;
            fbk.Enabled = false;
        }
    }

    private void zero_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("POS0; SPD400;");
    }

    private void increase_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("STP1000; SPD400;");
    }

    private void inc10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("STP10; SPD400;");
    }

    private void decrease_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("STP-1000; SPD400;");
    }

    private void dec10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("STP10; SPD400;");
    }

    private void close_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (sp.IsOpen)
        {
            sp.Write("OFFLINE;");
            sp.Close();
        }

        Application.Exit();
    }

    private void fbk_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        sp.Write("POS;");
        string msg = sp.ReadExisting();
        MessageBox.Show(msg);
    }

 }
}

A: According to that document, the command is "ENABLE;"  You have to include the semicolon. So change your code to:
string command = "ENABLE;";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Apple's iOS is under more scrutiny, as it has been revealed that killing apps can kill your battery more quickly – and with that there are some hot new apps for summer available now. When we think about our iPhone and preserving its battery, which often means killing apps. However, new data is challenging that theory. While it might seem like a good idea to kill all of your apps, it was written that killing said applications work against your phones battery.
When apps are sitting in the background of an iPhone, they're idle. When they're idle, they're not using any battery. However, when we kill them, they're getting taken from RAM memory, where they sit idly and are being moved back into action. The move is one that requires more battery power than simply leaving the app running in the background.
Speaking of apps though, the summer is a time when Apple tries to push some kid-friendly applications out since many are home on summer vacation. This year is no different, as the company will be unleashing a series of new apps onto users, many of which are new and undiscovered. Apps like 'Inventioneers' take puzzle play to a new level and is great for young children, who are between the ages of 4-8.
Meanwhile, other apps, like 'Odd Bot Out' and 'Crazy Gears' get into the more interactive stuff and allow users, or children to have a lot of fun without a ton of thought. However, there is enough thought required in the games that players are left with a very rewarding system of play. In other words, parents won't feel badly about their kids playing this game, and kids will thoroughly enjoy the games, as well.
These are all things to keep in mind, as we get more active on our smart devices over the summer. Whether we're letting our children have access to our devices, or we're just looking for a way to get a little more out of our devices throughout those long summer days or nights – these are great pieces of information to use. This comes down to getting the most out of Apple devices, and when it comes down to it – everyone can use a little extra battery life.


text:
Gujarat Chief Minister inaugurates e-India ICT conference
Published By : Admin | December 14, 2011 | 05:45 IST
Shri Narendra Modi emphasised on 'MobileGovernance' for greater application of ICT to solve people's problems
Ahmedabad, Wednesday: Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi today suggested increase use of mobile in Governance for larger good on the lines of 'e-Governance' and 'Good Governance'.
Inaugurating a three-day conference of e-INDIA at Mahatma Mandir at Gandhinagar, considered as the country's largest ICT event, he said that mobiles are now being used by the common man with ease and Gujarat is the first to spread its usage in governance. He wished Indians used IT with as much ease as mobile.
Mr. Modi recalled that India missed the gains of Industrial Revolution as it was the slavery rule, but has risen to adapt Information Technology and particularly the youth have been benefited. India has come out of its image of snake-charmer to 'mouse churner'.
He said that Gujarat has made long strides in the field of IT during the last decade, especially in governance. The state celebrated 2004 as 'Year of e-Governance'. The Gujarat Government's major initiatives included e-Dhara for computerization of land records, broadband connectivity in all the 18,000-odd villages in the state, Citizens' Charter providing information about 100 public services at 300 Janseva Kendras, e-Gram, SWAGAT to redress online peoples' grievances, e-Mamta, long distance learning.
Mr. Modi said that the letter 'e' takes care of easy, economic and effective governance. The state government has also initiated recruitment process, bar coding of ration cards and computerization of all the check posts on highways through e-Governance.
Prominent among those spoke on the occasion included Union Government's Additional Secretary Shankar Agrawal and Gujarat's Additional Chief Secretary (S&T) Ravi Saxena.
The conference is being attended by 400 delegates and 150 exhibitors from all over the country to deliberate on 50 different sessions.


If you control this card that was Link Summoned using "Cyberse Wizard" as material (Quick Effect): You can target 1 monster your opponent controls; change its battle position, and if you do, negate its effects until the end of this turn. If this card is destroyed by battle, or if this card in its owner's possession is destroyed by an opponent's card effect: You can Special Summon 1 "Cyberse Wizard" from your hand, Deck, or GY. You can only use each effect of "Cyberse Enchanter" once per turn.


text:
Q: incompatible datasets[CaseClass] when loading from oracle and We load data from oracle into a dataset: like this.
val dataset = sqlContext.read.format("jdbc").options(Map(
  "driver" -> applicationConfig.getString("oracle.driver"),
  "url" -> applicationConfig.getString("oracle.url"),
  "user" -> applicationConfig.getString("oracle.user"),
  "password" -> applicationConfig.getString("oracle.password"),
  "dbtable" -> query
)).load().as[CaseClass]

CaseClass looks like:
case class CaseClass (
  RELNR: Long = null,
  INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: Timestamp = null,
  CONTACTDATETIME: Timestamp = null,
  CONTACTSTATUSID: Long = null,
  ...

I want to create a new DataSet[CaseClass]
import sqlContext.implicits._
val acc = sqlContext.createDataset[CaseClass](Seq())

and fill it in a few iterations with filtered data from dataset:
 val possibilities = dataset.filter(c => predicate(c))
 acc.union(possibilities)

This fails with an error: unresolved operator 'Union; From SO I learned that this has to do with incompatible datasets, and doing a printSchema() on both datasets confirms that some columntypes are incompatible:
Oracle:
|-- RELNR: decimal(10,0) (nullable = true)
|-- INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: date (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTDATETIME: timestamp (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTSTATUSID: decimal(19,0) (nullable = true)

empty dataset:
|-- RELNR: long (nullable = true)
|-- INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: timestamp (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTDATETIME: timestamp (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTSTATUSID: long (nullable = true)

How can I make the union work? or how can I force the population by the sqlcontext.read(..) to use the CaseClass' property types?

A: I tried to create the empty dataset with the case class you provided in your question
case class CaseClass (
                       RELNR: Long = null,
                       INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: Timestamp = null,
                       CONTACTDATETIME: Timestamp = null,
                       CONTACTSTATUSID: Long = null
                     )

And I tried
import sqlContext.implicits._
val acc = sqlContext.createDataset[CaseClass](Seq())
acc.printSchema()

But unfortunately I got following error
Error:(246, 38) an expression of type Null is ineligible for implicit conversion
                       RELNR: Long = null,
Error:(246, 38) type mismatch;
 found   : Null(null)
 required: Long
                       RELNR: Long = null,
Error:(249, 48) an expression of type Null is ineligible for implicit conversion
                       CONTACTSTATUSID: Long = null
Error:(249, 48) type mismatch;
 found   : Null(null)
 required: Long
                       CONTACTSTATUSID: Long = null

Then I tried
case class CaseClass (
                       RELNR: Decimal = null,
                       INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: java.sql.Date = null,
                       CONTACTDATETIME: Timestamp = null,
                       CONTACTSTATUSID: Decimal = null
                     )

This worked with following schema
root
 |-- RELNR: decimal(38,18) (nullable = true)
 |-- INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: date (nullable = true)
 |-- CONTACTDATETIME: timestamp (nullable = true)
 |-- CONTACTSTATUSID: decimal(38,18) (nullable = true)

This matches with your Oracle schema
Oracle:
|-- RELNR: decimal(10,0) (nullable = true)
|-- INS_CONTACTHIST_DATE: date (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTDATETIME: timestamp (nullable = true)
|-- CONTACTSTATUSID: decimal(19,0) (nullable = true)

So union should be possible then.

A: This SO answer basically nails it down. I modified the creation of the empty dataset like:
sqlContext.createDataset[CaseClass](Seq()).selectExpr(
  "ROW_ID",
  "cast (RELNR as Decimal(10,0)) RELNR",
  ...
).as[CaseClass]


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1st of November 2017 Continuing education for craft teachers. Recycling of textile and plastic to use as craft material in education. Organized by Sörmlands Museum.
26th of August 2017 Precious Trash lecture and workshop at Not Quite's food festival Glupsk på Dalsland.


Ian Mehr grew up in Elgin, Illinois, at a time when it was still separated by farmland from the Chicago suburbs. He pursued an undergraduate degree in microbiology with a minor in chemistry from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He was first exposed to research here, interning in the lab of Dr. Carl Woese, who is known for defining the Archaea as a top-level kingdom of life. Ian graduated from the Integrated Graduate Program (now known as the DGP) in 1998. He is currently the head of US business development for Kowa Company, a >120 year-old Japanese company.
I contemplated getting a job right out of college, and even had some interesting discussions with Anheuser-Busch, but learned that, without a graduate degree, there were not many career advancement opportunities. I flirted with the idea of going the MD route and into an infectious disease specialty or epidemiology, but, in the end, I decided I wanted to be a scientist not a physician.
I really liked the cross-functional philosophy of the program and getting a broad exposure to biology. I was sure I'd end up in microbiology, but my curiosity was broader than that. Some of the programs I was considering were so focused on microbiology I thought I'd get bored or feel boxed in. Finally, the professors and students I met at IGP seemed genuinely happy and friendly, something I found sorely lacking at other grad school interviews!
Microbiology! I was honored to do my research in Dr. Hank Seifert's lab in the Department of Microbiology-Immunology. My dissertation was on the mechanisms behind antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
I did not do a postdoc. My overarching interest was to go into the business side of life science, and I decided to jump-start that path by heading into an MBA immediately after completing my PhD at Northwestern. I received my MBA from the Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University.
Armed with a PhD and an MBA but zero work experience, I had to hunt for a while for a position that fit me. My first job was at LabCorp in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, helping start their pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics services in their clinical trials division. Since then I've worked at life science companies big and small, and even dabbled with entrepreneurship.
My primary remit is to find pharmaceutical products in clinical trials that we can in-license, complete development, and then launch commercially in the USA (although I have an eye globally for our other divisions as well). In addition, I manage the legal needs of my division (contracts, insurance, and other glamorous paperwork). Day-to-day involves a lot of reading (papers, patents, market research), a lot of communicating (emails, conference calls), and a lot of writing (reports, assessments, contracts). Face-to-face interaction remains important, however, so traveling for meetings happens regularly as well.
It's hard to overstate the benefit of the analytical and critical thinking skills I gained at Northwestern. While I don't perform experiments any more, I read, discuss, and analyze science every single day.
Networking! All of the jobs I have had came from knowing the right person, not answering an ad. A recruiter I know reached out to me about this position…it was never posted publicly.
Networking! Talk to everybody you can and learn about what they do and how they got there. Then ask them to name other people they'd recommend you should talk to, and keep going. Before you know it, you'll have a huge network of people that you know, and opportunities (jobs or otherwise) will start to appear.
Graduate school can be a grueling experience, but I look back on it fondly now. Step back and appreciate your time at Northwestern whenever you can.


Tougher penalties to deal with acts of food contamination have been passed by the Australian Parliament.
Attorney-General, Christian Porter, said the tougher penalties send a strong signal to those who put the safety of individuals and the livelihoods of our farmers at risk that their actions will not be tolerated and will be dealt with severely.
"I thank Members and Senators across all parties who have facilitated the speedy passage of this important bill today," the Attorney-General said.
"The Morrison Government has acted quickly and decisively to introduce these penalties in response to the recent food contamination issue that has spread rapidly across the country.
"Of particular concern has been the rapid escalation in copy-cat offences and hoaxes.
"This behaviour is not a joke. It is not funny. It is a serious criminal offence which the Morrison Government, and now the whole Australian Parliament has denounced.
"As a consequence of this bill offenders will face serious consequences."
Expands the application of the Division 82 sabotage offences in the Criminal Code by expanding the definition of 'public infrastructure' to include food and services and utilities relating to food.
"The Morrison Government's top priority is to keep Australians safe and the bill passed today backs that commitment with firm action," the Attorney-General said.
"We will continue to work with industry as well as states and territories to ensure that we protect consumers and our farmers."


Osborne CG, McTyre RB, Dudek J, et al. Evidence for the relationship of calcium to blood pressure. Nutr Rev 1996;54:365-81.
Bostick RM, Kushi LH, Wu Y, et al. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to ischemic heart disease mortality among postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:151-61.


text:
Kanton Arras-3 () je francouzský kanton v departementu Pas-de-Calais v regionu Hauts-de-France. Tvoří ho 15 obcí a část města Arras. Zřízen byl v roce 2015.

Obce kantonu
 Arras
 Achicourt
 Agny
 Beaurains
 Boiry-Becquerelle
 Boisleux-au-Mont
 Boisleux-Saint-Marc
 Boyelles
 Guémappe
 Héninel
 Hénin-sur-Cojeul
 Mercatel
 Neuville-Vitasse
 Saint-Martin-sur-Cojeul
 Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines
 Wancourt

Arras-3