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Interação proteína-proteína (IPP ou PPI do termo inglês "Protein-Protein Interaction") compreende todo contato físico com ligação molecular entre duas ou mais proteínas que ocorre em uma célula ou em um organismo vivo. Este contato físico deve ser especifico e não genérico. As proteínas são alguns dos componentes de um organismo. Elas exercem diversas funções biológicas a partir das suas interações e são centrais para a maioria dos processos biológicos celulares do organismo, desde o metabolismo até a resposta a estímulos. O mapeamento completo das interações de proteínas que podem ocorrer no sistema complexo de um organismo é chamado de interatoma e faz parte do estudo da Interatômica, que compreende todo o conjunto de interações moleculares que ocorre em uma determinada célula.

As interações de proteínas podem ser medidas por métodos biológicos experimentais ou preditas por métodos computacionais. Os métodos experimentais seguem duas categorias: (1) métodos binários que medem interações físicas diretas entre pares de proteínas, sendo o sistema duplo-híbrido em leveduras (Y2H do inglês "yeast two-hybrid") o método genético de larga escala mais utilizado; e (2) métodos co-complexos que medem interações físicas entre grupos de proteínas sem diferenciar se elas são diretas ou indiretas, sendo a purificação por afinidade em tandem acoplada a espectrometria de massas (TAP-MS do inglês "tandem affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry") o método proteômico de larga escala mais utilizado. Os métodos computacionais englobam predições de IPPs a partir da análise de dados biológicos heterogêneos, como sequência, evolução, expressão e estrutura de proteínas. A maioria dos métodos computacionais podem ser agrupados em tipos: (1) os baseados em simulação, usualmente feitos em baixa escala, devido a um alto custo computacional, e (2) os baseados em métodos estatísticos ou aprendizado de máquina, que podem ser aplicados em larga escala.

Um mapa completo do interatoma de um organismo seria um passo enorme na direção de entender as funções de seus genes e o funcionamento do seu corpo a nível celular. Porém este dado é inviável de ser obtido experimentalmente para especies mais complexas, desde a levedura, que possui o interatoma bastante estudado, até o humano, cujo interatoma ainda é pouco conhecido. Para completar o interatoma do ser humano, que possui em torno de 20 000 a 25 000 proteínas, seriam necessários de 20 000 * 20 000 / 2 a 25 000 * 25 000 / 2 experimentos, totalizando 200 milhões a 300 milhões experimentos. Isto implica na incompletude dos dados, já que não sabemos de fato quais são estas interações, e não conseguimos medir todas elas. Logo, isto também implica na impossibilidade de validação dos métodos de detecção de interações. Sem validação, a frequência de falsos positivos detectados nos ensaios experimentais pode ser muito alta. Em um estudo de 2006, estimou-se que menos do que 50% do interatoma da levedura era conhecido e ainda menos se sabia sobre o interatoma humano.

A recorrência de repetições das interações de proteínas em diferentes ensaios experimentais pode auxiliar na seleção de interações mais confiáveis, classificadas como "dados principais". Logo, a disponibilização dos dados não tratados de interação de proteínas poderia contribuir na detecção do conjunto de "dados principais", e na subsequente criação de bancos de dados de IPPs mais confiáveis. Apesar das limitações, o estudo das IPPs da levedura já revelou sua utilidade, descobrindo funções de proteínas, prevendo comportamento celular e na análise de regulação de genes complexos. Espera-se que as IPPs humanas sejam igualmente informativas.

Rede IPP
A rede de interação proteína-proteína (rede IPP) codifica as interações entre as proteínas de um organismo e auxilia no mapeamento do seu interatoma. Para entender um sistema complexo, é necessário entender como seus componentes interagem ente si e as redes são ótimos modelos para codificar essas interações. Uma rede é um catálogo dos componentes de um sistema, geralmente chamados de nós ou vértices, e das interações diretas entre eles, chamadas conexões ou arestas. Na rede IPP, os nós são as proteínas e duas proteínas estão conectadas se existe evidência de que elas interagem. A representação matemática de uma rede é chamada de grafo segundo a Teoria dos Grafos.

Topologia livre de escala
Por muito tempo acreditava-se que as redes complexas tinham seus nós conectados de forma aleatória. Porém isto implicaria na maioria dos nós tendo aproximadamente o mesmo número de conexões. Em contrapartida, estudos do início do século XXI em redes reais demonstraram que muitas delas são dominadas por poucos nós com muitas conexões, denominados "hubs", e muitos nós com poucas conexões. Esta característica representa a topologia livre de escala (do inglês "scale-free") presente em diversas redes reais complexas, nas quais o número de nós com k conexões segue uma distribuição de lei de potência, p(k) = k-γ, onde k é o grau do nó e γ é um expoente eespecífico de cada rede. A natureza heterogênea da topologia de redes livres de escala tem consequências importantes na tolerância a erros e robustez das redes ccomplexas, e também foi detectada em redes IPPs (Figura 3a). Tipicamente, para redes IPPs temos 2 < γ < 3.

É bastante controverso se a natureza livre de escala das redes IPPs não é apenas um artefato da incompletude dos banco de dados existentes, cuja origem está na ausência de potenciais interações e na presença de falso positivos. O estudo extenso em redes livres de escala indica que isto é improvável, pois uma amostragem aleatória de uma rede livre de escala também é uma rede livre de escala, o que é impossível de acontecer se a amostragem aleatória fosse feita em uma rede sem essa topologia. Entretanto, a amostragem não é totalmente aleatória e o enviesamento dos bancos de dados de IPPs para proteínas mais abundantes e mais estudadas (por exemplo proteínas relacionadas a câncer) evidencia este fato.

Muitas investigações propuseram que a natureza livre de escala observada nas redes IPPs pode ser resultado, em parte, da duplicação de genes, um processo que ocorre frequentemente na evolução. Cada evento de duplicação de gene leva a uma nova proteína que interage com as mesmas proteínas que a proteína produto do gene original duplicado (característica de crescimento da rede). Proteínas que possuem muitas conexões possuem mais chances de serem conectadas a um gene duplicante, e logo, ganhar novas interações com a nova proteína criada (característica de ligação preferencial, proteínas com muitas conexões aumentam suas interações mais rápido do que aquelas com poucas conexões - fenômeno do "rico fica mais rico", que gera desigualdade). Estes dois ingredientes resultantes da duplicação de genes, o crescimento e a ligação preferencial, são os ingredientes necessários para o surgimento de uma rede livre de escala, e fortalecem a hipótese de que as redes IPP têm de fato essa topologia.

Modularidade

Modularidade pressupõe a existência de complexos de proteínas, grupos de proteínas que trabalham juntas para alcançar alguma função biológica bem definida ou estão envolvidas no mesmo processo biológico. Da perspectiva da rede, estes módulos deveriam aparecer como grupos distintos de nós que são muito interconectados entre si mas que possuem poucas ligações com nós fora do modulo, sendo que os hubs exercem um importante papel em interconectar tais módulos. Em 2004, foi evidenciado que redes IPP apresentam um alto grau de modularidade, com uma organização hierárquica, caracterizada por um coeficiente de clusterização dependente do grau de cada nó dado por C(k) ≈ k-β, onde beta é o expoente de modularidade que caracteriza a modularidade hierárquica da rede. O coeficiente de clusterização Ci de um nó i mede a fração de conexões entre os nós da sua vizinhança (conjunto de todos os nós diretamente ligados a i). Foi encontrado β ≈ 2 para as rede IPPs analisadas (Figura 3b). Uma observação interessante é que complexos de proteínas são geralmente evolutivamente conservados, e foi observado que tais módulos podem ser encontrados em diferentes organismos com padrões de interação idênticos ou similares, tais como entre levedura e mosca e entre humanos e mosca. Além disso, esta modularidade também pode representar, em um certo grau, proteínas pertencentes a diferentes localizações celulares (Figura 2).

Propriedade de mundo pequeno
Outra propriedade importante das redes de interação de proteínas atuais é a fragmentação da rede em muitos clusters distintos, caracterizada pela presença de um cluster gigante que engloba uma fração significativa dos nós e de diversos clusters menores ou nós isolados (proteínas que não possuem interações conhecidas). No de ciência de redes, um cluster, também chamado de componente, é um conjunto de nós que estão interligados, ou seja, existe um caminho passando pelas conexões destes nós que permitir sair de um nó e chegar a qualquer outro nó do mesmo cluster. Esta fragmentação pode ser um indicativo de que os banco de dados existentes contém apenas uma fração de todas as IPPs presentes nos organismos estudados (Figura 3c). De fato, se mais interações de proteínas forem descobertas, é esperado que o cluster gigante absorva uma grande fração de todas as proteínas, e uma rede de proteínas totalmente conectada poderia surgir com um único componente gigante. O cluster gigante das redes IPP é tipicamente muito interconectado, o que resulta em uma distância nó-a-nó (ou diâmetro) pequena. Este diâmetro pequeno é um indicativo de que as redes de interação de proteínas têm a propriedade de mundo pequeno, o que significa que a distância média nó-a-nó na rede é pequena. De fato, análises do cluster gigante para 4 diferentes bancos de dados de IPPs de 2004 mostraram que a distância média nó-a-nó variou de 4 a 8.

Características e métodos das IPPs
A definição de IPPs deve considerar que: (1) a interface de interação entre as proteínas deve ser intencional e não acidental, ou seja, resultado de eventos/forças biomoleculares selecionadas especificamente; e (2) a interface de interação deve ser não-genérica, ou seja, evolui para um objetivo especifico distinto de funções totalmente genéricas como produção de proteínas, degradação e outras. Outro elemento essencial para definir IPPs é o contexto biológico em que a interação acontece. As interações dependem do tipo celular em que as proteínas se encontram, da fase e do estado do ciclo celular, do estágio de desenvolvimento, de condições ambientais da célula, de modificações na proteína (por exemplo fosforilação), da presença de co-fatores, e da presença de outros parceiros para ligação.

Tipos de interações proteína-proteína
As IPPs podem ser classificadas em 4 subdivisões diferentes, dependendo das características do complexo proteico (ou de proteínas) formado por duas ou mais proteínas envolvidas na interação:
 Complexos homoméricos ou heteroméricos: se a interação ocorre entre proteínas (subunidades) idênticas, elas formam um complexo homomérico (em sua maioria simétrico e mais estável); em contrapartida, se a IPP ocorre entre proteínas (subunidades) diferentes, ela forma um complexo heteromérico (estabilidade variável).
 Complexos obrigatórios e não obrigatórios: se as proteínas envolvidas na IPP são instáveis quando isoladas e são estáveis no complexo, este é considerado obrigatório; caso contrário, se as proteínas são estáveis independentemente quando isoladas, o complexo resultante da IPP é não obrigatório.
 Complexos transientes e permanentes: se, após a ocorrência da IPP, as duas proteínas permanecem ligadas no complexo, este é dito permanente (usualmente muito estável); em contrapartida, complexos em interações transientes se associam e desassociam temporariamente e, dependendo da afinidade entre as proteínas, podem formar uma interação forte ou fraca. Complexos obrigatórios são permanentes enquanto que complexos não obrigatórios podem ser transientes ou permanentes.
 Complexos desordenados e ordenados: se a IPP envolve proteínas desordenadas, as quais possuem regiões não estruturadas que se adaptam à conformação da proteína parceira, o complexo é dito desordenado; caso contrário, se as estruturas das proteínas envolvidas na IPP são estáveis e ordenadas (suas estruturadas não se modificam ou adaptam na ligação) o complexo é dito ordenado.

As estruturas de alguns dos complexos biológicos formados pelas IPPs podem ser encontradas em complexos cristalográficos obtidos por meio de cristalografia de raio-X no Banco Mundial de Proteínas (PDB do inglês "Protein Data Bank"). O PDB fornece as imagens e as sequências de aminoácidos de proteínas resolvidas e depositadas pela comunidade de biologia estrutural.

Métodos experimentais
A acurácia dos métodos experimentais de larga escala para a detecção de interações de proteínas sofre com uma alta taxa de falsos positivos, especialmente nos dados TAP-MS não editados para pares de proteína que estão no mesmo complexo, mas não em contato físico direto. As conexões calculadas com o TAP-MS são atribuídas usando o modelo de estrela (em inglês "spoke model") para diminuir a taxa de falsos positivos (Figura 5). Neste modelo, uma proteína alvo é utilizada para "capturar" um grupo de proteínas presas, que interagem direta ou indiretamente com o alvo e são todas conectadas a este na rede. Já no caso do sistema Y2H, o maior desafio é a falha em não considerar os aspectos dinâmicos da interação de proteínas. Isto gera falsos positivos na interação de proteínas que se encontram em compartimentos celulares completamente diferentes, e logo, não interagem de fato no organismo. E falsos negativos quando a interação ocorre após modificações pós-translacional, o que não é possível com o sistema Y2H. Esta incerteza diminui a intersecção entre diferentes conjuntos de dados de interação de proteínas, e além disso, eles também são enviesados para proteínas mais abundantes.

Métodos computacionais/preditivos
A limitação dos métodos experimentais cria a necessidade de métodos computacionais de predição de interações de proteínas. Várias abordagens computacionais existem para predizer IPPs. Os métodos baseados em simulação modelam as forças governando as interações de proteínas, usualmente a nível atômico, e calculam a força da interação. Estes métodos incluem simulação dinâmica e docking de proteínas, e são mais utilizados no estudo da dinâmica das proteínas do que na determinação das suas interações, devido a um alto custo computacional. Por outro lado, os método estatísticos e de aprendizado de máquina podem ser aplicados em larga escala e utilizam informação de interações conhecidas de proteínas para fazer as predições. Além destes dois métodos principais, a predição computacional par-a-par de IPPs e sua análise pode ser feita usando mapeamento de ortólogos, eventos de fusão de gene/domínio, co-ocorrência de domínio, e co-expressão de gene. Uma comparação destes métodos feita em 2016 é apresentada na tabela a seguir.

Banco de dados de IPPs
É necessário distinguir bem entre as IPPs experimentais e as IPPs preditas. Na primeira situação, a IPP é provada experimentalmente, enquanto que na segunda a IPP é predita por dados biológicos vindo de outras técnicas, por exemplo de genes correspondentes, o que não prova de fato uma interação de proteína direta. De toda forma, a junção destes diferentes métodos pode trazer mais confiança e acurácia para as redes IPP geradas. Uma lista com bancos de dados e repositórios de IPPs de 2016 está descrita na tabela a seguir.

Perspectivas
As redes IPP podem fornecer uma visão complementar para os processos biológicas que englobam as proteínas correspondentes. Para o futuro desta área e para os provedores de banco de dados, restam dois desafios: (1) um filtro melhor de falsos positivos em coleções de IPP; e (2) uma distinção adequada do contexto biológico que especifica e determina a existência ou não de uma dada IPP em uma dada situação biológica. Apesar de existirem muitos esforços para construir a interatômica em escala proteômica, a incerteza e falta de definição clara de uma interatômica dificultam o processo. Além disso, considerar a característica dinâmica, os compartimentos celulares, a estabilidade, a afinidade e dependência do tempo da interações de proteína é o objetivo final para ganhar mais informações sobre os mecanismos celulares por trás das redes IPPs.

Transdução de sinal
Biofísica
Biologia de sistemas
Proteómica


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This reference aid will provide the researcher with basic information on the documents available in the archives.
Record Group 1: History of the Ursulines Record Group 1 contains the early history of the Ursuline Order which began in 1535 in Brescia, Italy. It was founded by Angela Merici, (1474-1540) and soon spread throughout Europe and continues to flourish in all parts of the world.
Record Group 2: Beginning History, Western Kentucky Record Group 2 documents the beginning of Mount Saint Joseph at Maple Mount, Kentucky. In 1912, the Ursuline Sisters of Mount Saint Joseph achieved autonomy from the Ursuline Sisters of Louisville.
Record Group 3: Mount Saint Joseph Ursulines Record Group 3 holds the manuscripts of Saint Joseph Academy when it began in 1874, a mission from Immaculate Conception Convent, Louisville, Kentucky. This record group is mainly the records of the autonomous Mount Saint Joseph Community from 1912 to the present.
Record Group 4: Membership Listings Record Group 4 includes membership, superiors, dates of entrance into the novitiate, Investment and Profession Classes, Feast Days, and Recreation Days. Also included are the yearly Mission Lists from 1905 to the present.
Record Group 5: Formation Record Group 5 documents the beginning of our Novitiate in 1895 and continues to the present. It lists those who were admitted to Postulancy, those received into the Novitiate and those who were professed into the Order.
Record Group 6: Governance and Government Structure Record Group 6 contains a complete list of Superiors, appointed and elected, from the beginning of the institution. The records concern the General Administration of Mount Saint Joseph Motherhouse from 1912 to the present.
Record Group 7: Chapters and General Assemblies Record Group 7 begins with correspondence in the 1960's concerned with the General Chapters of Election and Chapters of Affairs which began in 1963. It follows through with the subsequent Chapters and Chapter committees.
Record Group 8: Finances Record Group 8 contains the financial records of the Community and its owned and operated facilities.
Record Group 9: Local Governance Record Group 9 documents the type of local government used at mission houses beginning in 1972, and the small local communities here at the Motherhouse beginning in 1979.
Record Group 10: Community Annals Record Group 10 contains annals, which are day to day accounts of the activities of the Ursuline Sisters of Mount Saint Joseph.
Record Group 11: Special Celebrations and Programs Record Group 11 contains the special ceremonies and liturgies of the Community since 1922.
Record Group 12: Public Ceremonies and Functions Record Group 12 describes the various programs and ceremonies held at Mount Saint Joseph which are open to the public.
Record Group 13: Buildings and Property Record Group 13 begins with a history of the property and buildings as recorded by one of the early members of the Community. It includes the acquisition of property, a chronological record of the building program, changes in landscape, shrines, statues and other beautification projects.
Record Group 14: Community Owned and Sponsored Institutions Record Group 14 is divided into five sections: Academy; Mount Saint Joseph Junior College; Alumnae; Brescia College; and other Convents and Schools.
Record Group 14A: Mount Saint Joseph Junior College In this record group is general information concerning the beginning of the College in 1925 and its various programs until 1950.
Record Group 14B: Alumnae Alumnae documents include membership and correspondence together with speakers, tributes, honors, scholarships, international affiliation, By-Laws and Constitution.
Record Group 14C: Brescia University (formerly Brescia College) Brescia University, an extension of Mount Saint Joseph Junior College, had its beginning at Mount Saint Joseph.
Record Group 14D: Mount Saint Joseph Retreat Center Mount Saint Joseph Center replaced Mount Saint Joseph Academy in 1983 when the Academy was discontinued. The Center offers various educational, religious, social and cultural programs.
Record Group14E: Prayer House The Prayer House was started in 1978 in a house owned by Mount Saint Joseph on Cummings Road, and in 1983 was moved to the house in the park. This program has since been discontinued.
Record Group 15: Apostolic Ministries Record Group 15 is divided into three subgroups:
15: Documents pertaining to education in general, school controversies and the various ministries our Community has been and is engaged in.
15A: Schools
15B: Special Apostolates
Record Group 16: Oral History Record Group 16 includes reels and/or tapes of interviews of Community members, clergy who have served our community as chaplains or in other capacities, employees, relatives, friends, benefactors, students and other interested people.
Record Group 17: Literary Compositions of Community Members Record Group 17 contains the Dissertations/Theses of Community members as well as pamphlets, articles and books written by our Ursuline Sisters of Mount Saint Joseph.
Record Group 18: Stamp Collection (Discontinued in 1991; Collection sold) Record Group 18 consists of stamps collected by several members of our Community. There are stamps dated from 1852 to the present. Stamp Collection was sold on March 28, 1992.
Record Group 19: Membership in Organizations Record Group 19 contains information about the various organizations in which the administrators hold membership, such as the Ursuline Superior's Conference, Leadership Conference of Women Religious, International Union of Superiors General, and Ursuline Religious Conference.
Record Group 20: Scrapbook Collection Record Group 20 contains scrapbooks of the Community, Academy, Alumnae, Junior College, Brescia and miscellaneous topics of religious and educational nature.
Record Group 21: Photographs/Slides/Audio Visual Record Group 21 contains photographs of people and places connected with the Ursulines of Mount Saint Joseph: Maple Mount, Academy scenes, buildings, campus scenes, individual members and groups, missions where our Sisters have served and various events.
Record Group 22: Yearbook Collections Record Group 22 has incomplete collections of the high school and college yearbooks in some way connected with Mount Saint Joseph.
Record Group 23: Rare and Old Books The archives is in possession of many old/rare books used through the years by sisters, clergy, or associated people. Included are libraries of deceased clergy and sisters, Ursuline lore, Community collection (used in formation programs), foreign languages, prayer books, etc.
Record Group 24: Miscellany Record Group 24 consists of various kinds of cards. There are picture postal cards of Mount Saint Joseph and Jubilee cards.
Record Group 25: Office of Archives Record Group 25 contains information on the Archives and its use.
Record Group 26: Individuals Record Group 26 is divided into several parts. Each individual folder or packet holds, in various amounts, the biographical information, personal papers, correspondence, educational pursuits, news releases and necrology of the individual.
26: Reverend Paul Joseph Volk, our founder, 1841-1919.
26A: Mother Superiors and her Councils 26B: Deceased Members
26C: Former Professed Sisters, Novices and Postulants
26D: Former Applicants
26E: Deceased Associates
26F: Archbishops and Bishops
26G: Popes
26H: Deceased Priests
Record Group 27: Diocese/Archdiocese/Parishes In Record Group 27 are documents on the Archdiocese of Louisville, the Diocese of Owensboro, and other dioceses where our Sisters have ministered. Documents in this group concern the history of the dioceses, the various parishes, correspondence, directories, anniversary books and news releases.
Record Group 28: Publications/Newspapers/Magazines Publications from news media in this group are pertinent to our Order in so far as they contain information about the people or places where we minister. For the most part they are a collection of newspapers and newsletters.
Record Group 29: Research Room Materials Documents in this group are mainly on Kentucky or Kentuckians, with emphasis on Daviess County and the Owensboro area. Included are many genealogical books.
Record Group 30: Museum The Museum is located in Saint Joseph Hall, first floor, southwest wing. The Museum Archives houses memorabilia and artifacts of our founder, first superiors, the Sisters and their relatives and friends.
Record Group 31: Office of Mission Advancement Record Group 31 contains the records resulting from the activities of the Office of Mission Advancement, formerly Mission Advancement Ministry. Several offices operate through Mission Advancement, including Development, Partnerships (Associates and Alumnae), Mission Effectiveness and Communications.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This entry was posted on June 3, 2012 by slippingthroughmyfingers. It was filed under Uncategorized and was tagged with gardening, vegetables.
garden look sgreat. you had quite a pan full of squash yesterday! how did radi (plural of radishes ? ;P ) turn out.


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WSKG (https://wskg.org/news/poll-shows-hochul-ahead-in-volatile-race-for-governor/)
Poll shows Hochul ahead in volatile race for governor
By Karen DeWitt | December 8, 2021
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ALBANY, NY (WSKG) – A new Siena College poll finds that Gov. Kathy Hochul, who's been in her job for less than four months, holds a double-digit lead over her opponents in next year's Democratic primary.
But the data shows a volatile race in the aftermath of former Gov. Andrew Cuomo's resignation amid a sexual harassment scandal.
The poll finds that 36% of registered Democrats back Hochul, who is seeking election to the job she ascended to after Cuomo resigned in disgrace in August.
That's twice as many potential voters as those who support state Attorney General Letitia James, who has the backing of 18% of Democrats. Ten percent support New York City Public Advocate Jumaane Williams. Long Island Rep. Tom Suozzi and New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio each have 6%. All but de Blasio have formally declared their candidacies.
Siena spokesman Steve Greenberg said with just over six months before primary election day, much about the race is uncertain. Nearly one-quarter of those surveyed say they don't know who they will support for governor, and 30% say they don't know enough to form an opinion of Hochul, who in her six years as the state's lieutenant governor was not a household name.
"At this point, the candidates still aren't well enough known to say that the voters' minds are locked in," Greenberg said.
Greenberg added that even though Hochul has a 2-to-1 advantage over James in the early poll, they have similar favorable ratings among voters, with Hochul at 57% and James at 56%.
The top two issues that voters are most concerned about are fighting crime and creating more economic opportunities. Managing the COVID-19 pandemic was third on the list of top concerns. But the survey was conducted just as the spread of the omicron variant was becoming known.
If there's another wave of the virus that intensifies over the winter, that issue could come to dominate voters' views of Hochul, as pandemic management did for her predecessor, Cuomo.
Greenberg said there are a number of issues that are keeping New Yorkers unsettled, and he said any of them could be a factor in the race.
"The economy, education and classes and schools staying open, everything around omicron and then the next thing regarding the pandemic that's going to come out," Greenberg said. "There's so many different issues and so many different things that are going to happen over the course of these next 28 weeks that the dynamic is likely to shift multiple times."
Hochul's opponents perceive her management of the pandemic as a potential weakness, and some have criticized her decision to allow local governments to make decisions about vaccine or mask mandates instead of implementing a statewide policy like Cuomo did.
James has repeatedly called for a statewide mask mandate and greater involvement in vaccine-hesitant communities. Suozzi supports the return of color-coded zones with varying degrees of restrictions as a way to manage and contain the virus.
Hochul defends her approach, saying the spread of the virus varies greatly in different regions, so statewide restrictions might do more harm than good. She has said vaccines and booster shots are so far working against all variants of the virus, so it makes more sense to encourage holdouts to get their shots instead.
"I will not overreact and send this economy spiraling out of control once again," Hochul said on Dec. 2.
But the governor said she's not ruling out imposing statewide restrictions if the spread of the virus continues to worsen.
The next significant date for the candidates' preparation for the primaries is Jan. 15. By law, that's when they have to report how much money their campaigns have raised. So far, Hochul is ahead; her campaign said she's raised over $10 million.


It certainly has been an eventful couple of weeks in terms of weather impacting our communities and hospitals. I like snow as much as the next person, but on the mountains and slopes, not on our streets or in our parking lots.
What you accomplished during this time cannot be overlooked. Your commitment to providing our patients with the best care possible was put to the test by one of the largest blizzards on record to ever hit this area. To our patients it was business as usual and the challenges we faced were largely invisible to them. That is a testament to your dedication and professionalism. I am extremely proud to be your CEO. The UMass Memorial Health Care Marketing and Communications team looked through countless newspaper articles, videos, photos, social media pages and emails to capture some of the sights and sounds from the blizzard, and they are compiled into a video here.
Again, thank you for your extraordinary response to this "one for the ages" blizzard.
I am excited to see that there is a considerable amount of traffic on our Intranet site for the Innovation Fund. The pharmacy at HealthAlliance Hospital was the first organization to receive funding through this initiative. There is a noticeable difference in the look and feel of the pharmacy today compared to three months ago. They have upgraded the work and storage space; implemented a better system for organizing code cart materials and have relocated the staff lockers all courtesy of the Innovation Fund. UMass Memorial is happy to invest in you and your ideas. I encourage every unit and department to visit the site and apply for funding to help take their ideas from the planning stage to implementation. For your convenience we have included a permanent link to the Innovation Fund web page on this blog site.
This entry was posted in ; UMass Memorial Health Care, Access, Awards and Recognition, Blizzard, Champions of Excellence, Community, Employees, Idea System, Innovation Celebrations, Media Coverage, News and Announcements, Patients and tagged Clinton Hospital, Communications, employees, HealthAlliance Hospital, innovation, innovation fund, Marlborough Hospital, patient care, umass memorial health care by Eric Dickson, MD, MHCM. Bookmark the permalink.


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Why Massage is Essential for Migrant Farmworkers
Mar 3, 2017 by Ryan Barichello
There are tremendous benefits to be achieved through regular massage therapy treatments from a Registered Massage Therapist. Whether your need is to have a moment of relaxation, reduce muscle tension or attain relief from chronic pain, a therapeutic massage can enhance your overall sense of emotional and physical well-being.
But sometimes it's about more than that. And for migrant farmworkers, it's essential.
In a recently published article entitled, "Suffering in Silence: Migrant Farmworkers Need Massage," author and expert, Seraine Page, writes:
"Each year, more than three million seasonal migrant farmworkers take to the soils of America's farms, stooping, planting and picking our fruit, vegetable, flower and nut crops, according to the USDA Census of Agriculture (2012)," adding that most of these people are of Mexican heritage or citizenship—and up to 50 percent of them lack the proper documentation to work in the U.S., according to Harvest Public Media.
One of the traditional medicinal practices that many Mexican people leave behind is massage.
"With the strenuous work of bending, picking, lifting and walking, oftentimes for many hours under a hot sun, comes back pains, muscles strains and more that could be lessened through massage. Several studies have indicated, for example, that massage can help alleviate lower back pain," Page writes.
According to studies done by the National Center for Farmworker Health and similar organizations, migrant farmers are open to complementary therapies such as massage based on historic and cultural patterns of ancient civilizations.
However, as Page writes, "Unfortunately, many migrant workers report pain as just part of the job. A small study of Hispanic workers found that acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and injuries were commonplace, and even expected."


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Living Tradition Issue 131 is out now!
Issue 131 of The Living Tradition (Dec 2019 - Jan 2020) features articles on: Sandra Kerr, The Wilson Family, The Outside Track, Dave Mattacks, Innes Watson, Singers from Connemara, Bryan O'Leary, Simon Evans' Mummers Plays, Benji Kirkpatrick, Scott's Sangs, Tales From The Road, Fret Not, Transatlantic Connections, Dec-Apr Festival Listings, news, reviews and much more....
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Moonrakers courses
For several years Oxford-based group, Moonrakers, has been running residential and day Folk Orchestra workshops at Benslow Music (Herts) and Halsway Manor (Somerset). These multi-instrumental courses are suitable for intermediate musicians. A maximum of 15 people work on arrangements of tunes and songs with chords and parts provided, and the music is recorded and sent in advance. In 2020 the courses are being held in Halsway Manor in Somerset in February, Benslow Music in Hertfordshire in June, July and September, and at BunkFest in Oxfordshire in September. For details, go to moonrakers.net or call 01865 769206.
Folk London magazine
Folk London magazine will be under new management from the spring as its current editorial team, Peter Crabb-Wyke and Sue West, are retiring after 10 years. From February, the features, reviews and listings magazine will be edited by James Eagle and a team of volunteers from Morris Folk Club. You can continue to contact the magazine at editor@folklondon.co.uk. folklondon.co.uk.
Sharon Shannon celebrates 30 years with two releases
Sharon Shannon is celebrating 30 years on the scene with two new albums featuring 30 previously unreleased tracks. The first is The Winkles Tapes 1989, which was released in November, followed by a further 14 exclusive, tri-weekly tracks showcasing the wide and diverse scope of Sharon's incredible 30-year musical journey. These 14 tracks will then be compiled on her 30th Anniversary album for release in November 2020.
The Great Fife Road Show returns
Back in late 1969 a troupe of singers from the Fife folksong scene gathered themselves together for a trip to Belfast. The occasion was an invitation to provide a show around folksong from Scotland at Queens University. Later that year, a tour of East Anglia was undertaken and here the name The Great Fife Road Show was unveiled.
GemsOnVHS project
American folklorist and documentarian, Anthony Simpkins, is visiting the UK this December / January, and is interested in talking to any folk singers or songwriters who might want to be involved with his GemsOnVHS project, a YouTube channel focussing on folk music field recordings and history – "like a modern day Alan Lomax or Cecil Sharp," he says. See some examples of his work at youtube.com/gemsonvhs, and if you'd like to find out more, contact him at anthonytsimpkins@gmail.com.
Hobgoblin acquires Scayles Music in Edinburgh
An Edinburgh institution, Scayles Music, is a traditional music shop that has been trading for over 25 years. Earlier this year, its owner retired and Scayles has now become part of the Hobgoblin Music chain.
Belshazzar's Feast retire
The well-loved folk duo Belshazzar's Feast has announced the retirement of Paul Hutchinson at the end of May 2021 and as a result the final dates for Belshazzar's Feast. In their words, delivered with their usual dry wit: "The end is nigh… It is said that all good things have to come to an end but there are exceptions to all rules. And so it is with Belshazzar's Feast. We think we have been touring for 26 years now and Paul H isn't getting any younger, so it is with regret that we announce that our last tour will take place in May 2021. We would like to thank our many loyal fans for their undying support, we know all six of you. We hope that in the remaining time we can visit most of the country to say goodbye."
The Lewis and Harris Piping Society recitals
The Lewis and Harris Piping Society ran a programme of recitals from the time it was formed in the 1970s until about a decade ago. Now, it has revived its winter recitals, beginning with a performance from Callum Beaumont in Stornoway which took place in November. Dr John Smith, chairman of the society, said: "For many years, the Piping Society held anything up to six recitals a year, inviting the best pipers in Scotland… but for the past few years it's proven a bit beyond their means to bring good pipers to Stornoway to demonstrate to the youth the standard they should be aspiring to. But thanks to a very generous donation from a private individual the Society plans to organise perhaps up to four recitals over the next few months."
Dick Gaughan and The Harvard Tapes
Dick Gaughan has been at the cutting edge of Scottish folk music for almost five decades. A guitarist, singer, songwriter, actor, musical director, arranger, record producer, engineer and goodness knows what else - he has been there and done it all. In recent years, Dick has had to deal with some health issues. In October 2016, an MRI scan confirmed Dick had suffered a stroke several months previously, from which, thankfully, he is now gradually recovering.
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parental abuse
Confession and Psychotherapy
An old Woody Allen joke goes something like this. The comedian is talking about problems in deducting the cost of therapy on his income tax return. He wanted to make it a business expense, but the government insisted it was "entertainment."
They compromised by making it a religious contribution.
Therapy is a little like that, no joke.
Carl Gustav Jung, one of Freud's disciples, wrote about the likeness between therapy's confessional function and Sacrament of Penance in the Catholic Church. For those who aren't Catholic, the faithful individual is expected to enter a small partitioned booth, where a priest will hear his confession of sins without being able to see who is speaking to him. If the penitent is thought to have fully disclosed his wrong doing, shown sincere remorse for the transgression, and if he performs whatever acts of penance are required by the priest to make amends, he is absolved of his sins.
Although I am not Catholic, I've long thought the Catholic Church was on to something therapeutically important here. That is, the human need to admit to another human being, out loud, something of which one is ashamed, in order to cleanse the metaphorical stain this person carries inside. Other religions handle this differently, often permitting and encouraging confession in the form of prayer directly to a supreme being.
But for therapists, the human interaction is essential — the telling and the listening and the seeing eye to eye — even if your ultimate, otherworldly reward according to religious doctrine doesn't require it.
In part because, while heaven can wait, the guilt-ridden mortal is troubled right now — here on earth — in his relationships with other people; troubled by the secret that stands between him and a need for acceptance by someone who knows, really knows him. An intimacy he does not think he can risk.
Even if he believes the gods will forgive him, his problem is lower on the food chain: he fears the disapproval of the creatures made of flesh and blood.
We learn the lesson "not to tell" early.
We make mistakes, lots of them. And especially when you are young, there is the potential for an enormous amount of painful judgment being rendered concerning those "mistakes," some justified, some not.
Kids are prone to feeling guilty. When we are small, we are entirely dependent upon the good will of our parents. Without them, we are at the world's mercy, unable to fend for ourselves. Equally important, they inform us of our value to them — by their words to us, physical expressions of affection or violence, the time they spend (or don't spend) in play or attention to our needs, in angry outbursts or self-sacrifice; and in looks that display tenderness, disappointment, rage, understanding, or indifference.
Some amount of parental disapproval is inevitable and necessary. Indeed, it is required to civilize us. But since there is no competing panel of experts to counter any misplaced verdict rendered by the parent (who is the child's judge, jury, and headsman) even enormous miscarriages of justice by a cruel and abusive elder tend to stand without refutation.
You are guilty!
You are bad!
Off with your head!
Most children do not have anywhere to go with this. There is not only no court of appeals, but since they have been made to feel ashamed, kids are unlikely to turn to anyone else to recount their alleged misdeeds and risk the possibility of further painful disapproval, not to mention the sense of having betrayed the parent by reporting out what has happened. Moreover, the child continues to need the parent's good will. Carrying a grudge against the parent, expressing it directly to that parent (at least when one is very young) is dangerous — likely to produce more disapproval still.
Better to accept the parent's condemnation. At least that way, the little one may still hold on to the hope that by changing for the better he can achieve the love and approval that has been wanting.
Even for rebellious youth, there tends to be a portion of the parent's negative opinion that is indelible. Sort of like a tattoo, it is written on the personality, the sense of self. This metaphorical image of the tattoo overlays and alters the self-image. And like the tattoo, it is the product of a painful engraving; not easily removed, but still present long after the moment of imprint, reminding you of your iniquity.
Whether the child does his best to "behave" or knowingly misbehaves, he will disappoint a parent who cannot be satisfied even by perfection, who undermines self-esteem; the kind of parent who tells you to "run fast, get ahead," and then finds ways to trip you up or tie you in knots that make any forward movement difficult.
Almost certainly, the young one will do some things that are less than admirable: perhaps raging, stealing, lying to avoid more disapproval, or violating curfew; as well as forgetting something the parent wanted him to remember, day dreaming, performing poorly in school, withdrawing from contact with the family, and acts of alleged ingratitude; or visits to a sexual or drug-involved dark-side in a search for acceptance and love or a simple self-distracting escape from inner misery. There is no end to the list of things that can be considered offensive, real or imagined. Perhaps just as troubling, the youth will think contaminating, "bad" thoughts.
I wish he (she) were dead.
I wish I had a different father (mother).
I wish I were dead.
Some few will grow out of this desperate experience and achieve a gift of self-cleansing and self-soothing that requires neither confessor nor therapist; others will be able to rationalize their early life misbehavior into benign disappearance. But for too many, by hook or by crook, by word or by deed or by thought or by feeling, there will be guilt under the surface, however bright and shiny the surface may seem.
That is where psychotherapy and the psychotherapist's role as a confessor comes in.
The "confession" usually doesn't happen at the beginning of therapy. Trust in the therapist must be earned by the counselor.
But come it does, often in the middle of a course of therapy, but sometimes very late.
It goes something like this:
There is something I haven't told you. (Eyes now looking down). I haven't told anyone. Ever.
No small amount of courage is required to tell the things that cannot be told. Until this point the patient has carried his secrets inside — these awful, disqualifying, contaminating things that make him unworthy — the history of thought and action he believes would cause everyone and anyone to reject him, "if only they knew."
Unlike the priest in the confessional, it is important the patient knows the therapist and the therapist knows the patient's identity. Otherwise, any absolution is too generic, too cheaply won, not specific enough in its application to the "sinner."
The therapist must be non-judgmental. The counselor's office is not a court of law. The purpose is healing, not retribution. There is no automatic amends to be made, although sometimes it will be therapeutic to do so. If needed, the patient may discover that writing a letter (even an apology that is never sent) can be helpful; sometimes the grave site of a deceased parent can be visited. Atonement can also be found in acts of future kindness or projects dedicated to improving the human condition.
But often, no atonement is required because the patient comes to realize he was the victim, not the victimizer. And that his failure…
was being born a boy when the parent wanted a girl
or an intellectual when dad wanted an athlete
or a tom boy when mom wanted a little lady
or an introvert when the parents hoped for an extrovert
or simply that one of the elders was threatened by the growing child for reasons defying explanation.
And that with enough poking and prodding, resentment and ridicule, the authority figures triggered and tripped the child into behavior that could be used as further cause, if any was needed, for affixing guilt; as if the guardians were unsatisfied until they could create flaws to justify their history of disapproval.
The therapist will help the patient look at the "guilty" acts or thoughts from many sides. The therapist is a witness of sorts, someone who has to hear you (however horrible your action might have been or seems to have been), meet your gaze and see the guilt in your eyes, and still accept you, even then.
One or more others might need to be told the same story now revealed to the healer, again face-to-face, so that the patient (in telling it and observing the reaction of the person being told) comes to know he is acceptable and forgivable, not only in the eyes of the counselor, but also by a select soul whose love and respect outside the consulting room are important. Great care must be taken if others are to be told, however, for some of the potential listeners will only add to the accumulation of negative judgments that already burden the patient, while a few people will be unnecessarily injured by the knowledge and should be spared.
What then might be the result of such therapeutic exposure for the patient who has chosen his therapist well, and made no unfortunate choices of disclosure to family or friends?
In the best cases, the light and air that are allowed into the room holding the dark secret can transform it, making it seem less terrible, less disqualifying. Internal repugnance diminishes. The weight or responsibility attached to the transgression is shifted and reduced. You feel purified.
There is freedom and grace in this, as in the confessional booth. An unburdening.
The simple act of another human being listening to you — still caring for you and about you. Believing in you and your value.
You are no longer alone — alone with a secret that makes you feel like a pariah; disqualifies you — only you, however irrational that thought is — from membership in the human community.
Now, at last, it is possible for you to reevaluate and affirm yourself.
And life — a better life — goes on.
The top image is The Confession by Pietro Longhi, thought to have been painted in the 1750s. The photo that follows is called Blinded by the Lights, authored by Suicide Girls from Los Angeles, CA, USA. The last image is the work of Reytan. It shows a number of confessional booths. All are sourced from Wikimedia Commons.
advice, psychotherapy, religion, wisdom	absolution, confession and therapy, guilt, ingratitude toward parents, making amends, negative self image, parental abuse, penance, rebellious behavior, shame	2 Comments
Why Therapists Want to Talk about Your Childhood
Why do we have to talk about my childhood? Shouldn't I be over that? What difference does that make now?
Sometimes, it makes all the difference.
Not everyone requires an in-depth therapeutic look at their childhood. Many people can benefit from short-term treatment to get over a crisis, a recent loss, or current relationship issues.
Others will profit from a cognitive-behavioral approach (CBT) that works to change present day action, thought, and emotion.
But there are times when the past is a dead-weight on one's life, preventing any kind of lift-off into a more productive, joyous, lofty, airborne, less anxious and guilty way of being; one that is not grounded by a gravity — an invisible force — that seems to pull one back to a repetitive cycle of sadness, regret, and chronic avoidance of challenges.
Take an intelligent young woman in her 20s — movie-star beautiful — with a quirky sense of humor, and more than average intelligence. Her parents praised only her beauty, but derided everything else about her. From an early time their constant criticism made her worried about displeasing friends; and later on, lovers.
She learned that she could make a dazzling first impression while hiding her anticipation that others would find out what she offered was only skin deep.
This woman's super-model exterior and surface gaiety belied her belief that there was nothing inside of her that was really valuable. She hid the thoughts and feelings that her parents had always put down, so as to prevent people from discovering her vulnerabilities.
But even when she was successful at "fooling them into thinking" that she was better than she really was, the praise and approval she received only persuaded her that she was a good actress — that beneath the stage makeup she was nothing — just nothing but an empty, worthless shell.
Her anxiety about being "exposed" for the fraud she felt herself to be was combined with a depression that grew out of her failure to win her parents' love. And, in order to achieve that love, she continued to try to extend herself and prove herself to them, only to be rejected or neglected or taken advantage of once again, thus confirming her sense of worthlessness.
Unfortunately, she was also drawn to potential boyfriends and platonic companions who resembled her parents in their mistreatment of her — as if the only love worth having was one that would allow her to triumph over rejection and win the affection of someone who resembled her parents in their lack of affection for her.
Our heroine succeeded in graduating from college and getting a good job. But none of this filled her up more than temporarily, just as a new purchase of an attractive dress might make her feel good for a few hours or days until she sank back into her default state of sadness and misgiving.
Now imagine that you are her therapist. What would you do?
Tell her that she is beautiful, talented, and accomplished (as evidenced by her academic and vocational success)?
She has already tried to tell herself this, she has already heard this from others, and she still feels bad.
Work with her to improve her social skills?
She is already skilled socially; "a good actress," as she would characterize it. She is able to be assertive professionally and put-up a good front; until, of course, it involves a personal relationship about which she feels strongly.
Send her to a psychiatrist for anti-depressant or anti-anxiety medication.
Perhaps, but this does not guarantee that she won't continue to have the same self-doubts and make the same bad relationship choices of people who treat her poorly.
Use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to help her "talk back" to her negative self-attributions (put-downs of herself) and help her to evaluate herself more objectively.
This is not likely to be sufficiently helpful by itself if she continues to favor people who reject her, caught in some version of the old Groucho Marx joke: "I wouldn't want to be a member of any club that would have me as a member."
Use CBT to help her gradually stand-up to the people who are treating her badly.
Again, this might be somewhat useful, but will be countered by her belief that there is something wrong with her, and that she deserves the mistreatment she receives. Moreover, it will be hard to be assertive because of her terror that she will lose these same people if she pushes back against them.
What then is left?
In my opinion, this lovely young woman will have to begin to see (really see) and feel what has happened in her life, going back as far as necessary to the mistreatment she received at the hands of her parents: their failure to give more than lip-service to loving her, their cruelty, their inattention when she did something that should have been praised, their criticism, and their tendency to make her feel deficient and guilty.
If she does not see them for who they are, she is likely to continue to believe that it was largely her own inadequacy that caused her to fail in her quest for their love. And, if she continues to place them even on a relatively low pedestal, she will also keep reaching out for love from all the wrong people — the people who remind her of those parents; those who possess the only kind of love she wants because it is unconsciously associated with her parents.
It is not enough that this patient becomes intellectually aware of all that I've described.
For therapy of this kind to be successful, she will have to feel it, not just know it.
Feel it intensely.
Early life is a "hot" moment in virtually any life. Emotions are highly charged in children. We have not yet learned how to regulate those feelings, and so we are very, very vulnerable to injury. Nor do we have any of the defenses or the intellectual understanding of things and of people that will help us later to navigate the choppy waters of life.
And so, in this "hot" and challenging early time in our existence, we begin to formulate solutions to the difficulties of life.
For example, if voicing opinions different from dad's beliefs results in his condemnation, many kids will learn to keep their mouths shut and internalize their feelings. Meanwhile, they are likely to feel diminished and less good about themselves if there is too little love and too much criticism.
A parent's opinion counts enormously in the formation of the child's self-image.
Time passes and the child perhaps has succeeded in reducing, at least a little, the amount of displeasure, anger, and targeted discontent coming from his mom or dad. So the behavior of keeping a low profile and "acting the part" that the parents expect is reinforced, even though depression and self-loathing are below the surface.
Such choices are made by the child unconsciously, but seem to make the best of a bad situation and become a well-ingrained pattern of behavior.
Eventually the child becomes a teen and soon a young adult, away from a good portion of the daily parental disapproval. Now, having established some defenses and skill in handling life, the crackling tension of early childhood is over. Instead of the ever-present hot moments of early life, existence now consists mostly of many more "cool" moments in which the pattern of behavior becomes solidified and habitual.
Think of it this way. A small child is like a piece of metal in a forge or foundry. The searing affective cauldron of early life is like the super-heated nature of a forge, designed to make the metal malleable so that it can be wrought or cast. Unfortunately, in the childhoods I've been describing, the little piece of metal that is this tiny life is shaped by the destructive forces of the household into a form that is warped; not fully serviceable.
With the passage of time and the "cooling down" of the emotional intensity of that life, the newly shaped adult — like the forged or cast piece of metal — is no longer malleable. The pattern and outline he or she is now in — the self-opinions and self-defenses that were established in the forge — have taken on a permanent, fixed form. The same ways of living developed while young continue to be used to some extent, even if they are not all that useful; even if conditions have changed.
Obviously, new learning is still possible, but at the deepest level — the level of self concept and self-love, as well as the tendency to be drawn to certain kinds of people when looking for love — alteration of the shape or form or way of living is much harder to achieve.
What then does therapy do to assist with this much-needed alteration?
The therapist and patient work together to re-enter the "forge" of childhood, that time of "hot" moments when personality was fashioned into its current image.
Once back in the foundry, the emotion generated in recollecting that time can make one malleable again: capable of being reshaped and of reshaping oneself into a less self-critical person who believes in his value and no longer seems so drawn to people who are excessively critical.
Therapists who do this kind of "depth" or "psychodynamic" psychotherapy may well encourage the patient to journal — even to write autobiographical essays. They can be assisted in remembering what seem like incidental details of early life such as their school teachers, the friend who sat next to them in third grade, the path they took to walk home, what TV shows they watched, the time of day that mom or dad came home, the summer vacations that were taken, the sounds present in the home, the aroma of cooked foods, and so forth.
Anything that might be useful to jog emotion and memory is fair game, including old photos and report cards, conversations with siblings or childhood friends, and revisiting the neighborhood in which one was raised.
The process can be painfully difficult. Indeed, it must generate significant emotion to reproduce, as far as possible, the forge-like nature of early life — the conditions which permit a realignment of internal interpretations, understanding, and feelings. Grieving over the losses of the past can only come with openness to whatever is felt and discovered in digging up the psychic "can of worms" that sometimes is to be found in one's past.
And it is the emotion connected to the early trauma that, when finally re-experienced to at least a partial degree, proves cathartic and informative; allows one to realize that "it wasn't your fault;" at least not to the disqualifying extent that you have come to believe it.
Sometimes there is a "break through" moment, as in the film Good Will Hunting with Matt Damon and Robin Williams. But even without that kind of emotionally generated epiphany, this type of treatment can be transformative.
Of course, not everyone needs to do this. A more cognitive behavioral approach along side this type of exploration may also be helpful in some cases.
But sometimes there is simply no substitute for the hands-in-the-dirt and feet-to-the-fire process that I've described.
Take heart.
If your therapist wants to talk to you about your childhood, sometimes it might just be exactly what you need; just exactly the cauterizing instrument that your hurt is waiting for.
Remember — the heat of the forge can be hard to withstand, but upon emerging from it perhaps you will notice that its warmth has healed your lonely heart.
The above image is Metallurgist working by the blast furnaces in Třinec Iron and Steel Works courtesy of Třinecké železárny, sourced from Wikimedia Commons.
advice, life, movies, psychology, psychotherapy, wisdom	anxiety, assertiveness training, break through in therapy, catharsis in therapy, CBT, childhood memories, childhood trauma, cognitive behavior therapy, depth psychotherapy, emotional abuse, emotional vulnerability, epiphany, exploring the past, fear of rejection, feeling like a fraud, feeling unloveable, feeling unloved, Good Will Hunting, grieving, grieving loss, Groucho Marx joke, insecurity, it wasn't your fault, journaling in therapy, limitations of CBT, Matt Damon, parental abuse, parental disapproval, parental neglect, psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychological defenses, putting yourself down, Robin Williams, standing up for yourself, toxic parenting, verbal abuse	4 Comments


text:
Mahjong In Poculis can satisfy both people who want to relax themself and the ones who like to rack their brains. A few simple rules are enough to enjoy the game. For those who wish to go further, it is also possible to set themselves some hard challenges.
I. Starting the game, choosing an ambience
II. The basic rules, playing in a relax way
1. The aim of the game
2. The way to remove tiles
3. The moves permitted and the ones forbidden
4. The exceptions
5. The loosing cases
III. Spicing the game, playing in a challenging way
1. Maximising my score
2. Following up my progression
3. Sharing my victories, joining the players' big family
When launching the game, the welcome window pops up. On this screen, you can select a theme. Only the first level of each theme can be launched at the beginning. It is pointed out with the sign . By succeeding the level, you will unlock the following one and so on. The levels that are locked are pointed out with the sign . Click on a level ready to be lauched to start the game.
The welcome window
1 - The aim of the game
The aim of the game is to remove all the tiles from the board.
Sequences of a game until the final screen
2 - The way to remove tiles
The tiles are removed in pairs, by selecting identical tiles.
Example of identical tiles, highlighted by pairs in green, blue, anise and pink
Note: In the above example, the tiles have different background colors to better identify their height (pink, grren, purple and blue). Only take the symbol into account, regardless of the background color. This explains why the tiles surrounded by green can be combined, despite their difference in color.
3 - The moves permitted and the ones forbidden
To select a tile, it is necessary that
- the left side or right side is free and
- there is no tile above it.
In the example below, the tiles that are highlighted in green can be selected since they match with the previously listed criterions. The other tiles cannot be removed at this moment of the game.
In green, the tiles that can be removed at the beginning of the game for this level
- if you are unable to find a possible association, click on the button "Advice".
- in "Child" mode, all moves are permitted.
4 - The exceptions
There is an exception for associations: one can associated tiles that are not identical if they belong to the Flowers family or to the Seasons family. The letter written in the upper right corner of a tile tells what family it belongs to. For example, the Flowers are represented by F, the Seasons by S, the Winds by W, Bamboo by B, ...
The green circles show the letters identifying the tiles' families
5 - The loosing cases
The levels are designed so that a victory is always possible. However, it is also possible that, at one point of the game, the board is blocked: among the tiles that can be selected, none can be associated.
This situation is managed differently according to the playing mode selected among "Child", "Standard" and "Expert".
In the "Expert" mode, a blocked board means the end of the game. In the "Child" and the "Standard" modes, a second chance is offered to you: the remaining tiles are shuffled so that a victory is still possible.
You now know the essential rules to start playing. As you will succeed the levels of a theme, you will win different medals. Your first challenge is to win each gold medal of all themes!
If you need to refresh your memory about those basic rules during a game, an assistant can be opened by clicking on the button in the upper right corner of the board.
You are now mastering the game rules and you wish to spice game ? Here is what you need to know:
1 - Maximising my score
Whenever two tiles disappear, you mark 1 point. To score more points, you must create Four-Of-A-Kinds or Series. You gain more points if the series are made up of tiles from the same family than series made up of tiles from different families.
Below is an example of a Four-Of-A-Kind (on the left) and Serie made up of odd tiles (on the right):
The following array sums up the won points for each possible Serie:
For example, a Serie from 1 to 9 made up of tiles from different families brings 4608 points whereas it brings 177147 points if all pairs are from the same family!
Here is the list of families for all themes:
To see your score and Series during the game, click on the button on the upper right corner of the board.
2 - Following up my progression
The result of each game is stored for each player. A dedicated window, that you can open from the welcome window, enables you to follow up your progression and, in particular, to know your highest score for each level. Click on the button "Manage players" in the welcome window to get access to your statistics.
3 - Sharing my victories, joining the players' big family
If you wish to share your victories with the other players of Mahjong In Poculis (living in many different countries!), you can publish your scores on the Internet. To do so, click on the button "Publish your scores on Internet" available from the window showing your statistics. The internationnal ranking is showed on the following web page: Players ranking.
Enjoy the game!


Neptune Power Replacement Batteries meet and even exceed manufacturers specifications, Superior Design, High Quality, long lasting working life 3-5 Floating time range, High Quality ABS material Fire Resistant, The Latest Technology grid design and paste formulation, AGM ™ high standard separators. Every Battery shipment is tested to Guarantee Hi- Performance & Longevity. Our Batteries Feature high discharge design, wide operating temperature range, and long expected service life. Neptune NT12100 12Volts 10 Amp replacement battery feature Valve-Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) SLA Sealed Lead Acid Battery Technology, making them safe to operate in any position, near people and sensitive equipment. Manufactured under Japanese Quality standard, Environment Certificated Plant and facilities with: —ISO 9001 for Quality Management Systems. —ISO 14001 Environment Management System (EMS). —Health and 14001 Safety Environment Standards certification. —Under UL (Underwriters Laboratories) certifying Quality and manufacturing processes. Install your new NT-12100 Batteries in your device using the same original configurations and existing cables and connectors. Please check your battery for dimensions and Terminals prior to ordering as manufacturers may change requirements without notice. Beware Of SLA Batteries Without UL, UR, CE & ISO Symbols To Guarantee Quality & Genuine Specification Certifications. All Neptune batteries Are Manufactured In our Certified ISO Factories To Our Specifications.


Pierre-Paul is a lawyer, member of the Quebec Bar, with over 15 years of experience in the legal technology sector. His expertise consists in helping decision-making and regulatory bodies to improve the management and dissemination of their legal information. He supervises all of Lexum's sales and marketing activities. He has a strong background in international cooperation, having been in charge of international projects when Lexum was an academic research laboratory. He is also recognized as an expert on legal issues related to free and open source software.


text:
package io.quarkus.websockets;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.websocket.ClientEndpointConfig;
import javax.websocket.Decoder;
import javax.websocket.Encoder;
import javax.websocket.Extension;

import io.vertx.core.http.HttpHeaders;

public class BearerTokenClientEndpointConfigurator implements ClientEndpointConfig {

    final String token;

    public BearerTokenClientEndpointConfigurator(String token) {
        this.token = token;
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getPreferredSubprotocols() {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Extension> getExtensions() {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @Override
    public Configurator getConfigurator() {
        return new Configurator() {
            @Override
            public void beforeRequest(Map<String, List<String>> headers) {
                headers.put(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION.toString(), Collections.singletonList("Bearer " + token));
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public List<Class<? extends Encoder>> getEncoders() {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @Override
    public List<Class<? extends Decoder>> getDecoders() {
        return Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getUserProperties() {
        return Collections.emptyMap();
    }

    public SSLContext getSSLContext() {
        return null;
    }
}


BETHANY, OK — Southwestern Christian University honored one of its own Friday when the University named the North Dorm conference center the Jim Poteet Conference Center at the request of an SWCU donor.
The naming is in honor of SWCU administrator, coach and professor Dr. Jim Poteet at the request of Daryl Nicholson. Last year the Daryl and Vickie Nicholson Trust gave the largest donation in SWCU history in the form of the Western Oaks Landmark Tower.
Poteet came to SWCU in 2009 and has served as Chair and Professor of Health, Physical Education and Sports Management, Associate Athletic Director and Assistant Men's Basketball Coach during that time. Poteet helped guide the SWCU Athletic Department from the application process to membership in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) in 2010. He was inducted into the NAIA Hall of Fame in 2014.
Southwestern Christian University is a Christ-centered liberal arts institution equipping students for a life of learning, leadership, and service; integrating faith, learning, and living; and empowering graduates to excel and to positively impact their world for Jesus Christ. Please support our mission at give.swcu.edu.


What to play if you loved Katamari Damacy REROLL?
We have selected a variety of games to recommend based on you loving Katamari Damacy REROLL. You can explore them, and find recommendations based on them as well.
Based on the themes and genres of Katamari Damacy REROLL, we recommend checking these top 50 game lists.


text:
In memoriam – Merima Njegomir
With great sadness, we say goodbye to Merima Njegomir, a former member of our Club, where she left indescribable traces with her energy.
Merima Njegomir is a Serbian singer of folk music, a prominent pop artist, and the winner of a large number of awards. She was the first folk singer to hold a concert at Kolarac. She has recorded more than 25 albums, and almost every song was a hit for her. She won the national pension of the Republic of Serbia.


text:
Panagjurisjte (bulgariska: Панагюрище) är en ort i Bulgarien.   Den ligger i kommunen Obsjtina Panagjurisjte och regionen Pazardzjik, i den centrala delen av landet,  km öster om huvudstaden Sofia. Panagjurisjte ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt Panagjurisjte är huvudsakligen kuperad, men den allra närmaste omgivningen är platt. Den högsta punkten i närheten är  meter över havet,  km norr om Panagjurisjte. Panagjurisjte är det största samhället i trakten.

Omgivningarna runt Panagjurisjte är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet. Runt Panagjurisjte är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.  Trakten ingår i den hemiboreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är maj, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är augusti, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Externa länkar

Orter i Pazardzjik (oblast)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ORGANIC INDIA Herbal Supplements are presented in 100% vegetarian capsules. Research proves that the medicinal effects of herb are much higher in capsules than in tablets. ORGANIC INDIA Herbal Supplements are most effective when taken within meals as they are better digested and assimilated within the food systems.
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"All of our herbs are tested for heavy metals in compliance with International safety standards"


text:
Florida Casino Boat Entices New Guests with Freebies and Discounts Days After Deadly Fire
Posted on: January 18, 2018, 05:00h.
Last updated on: January 19, 2018, 03:15h.
The Florida casino boat Tropical Breeze is back open for business less than four days after its shuttle vessel that previously carried patrons from port to the floating casino caught fire and led to the death of one person. The horrific event took place during the casino's Sunday night departure on Jan. 14.
It was no "tropical breeze" for guests who recently boarded a shuttle vessel to an offshore Florida casino boat. The casino, however, is already back open for business. (Image: WFLA-TV)
All 50 passengers and crew aboard the shuttle were quickly forced to jump ship after it erupted in flames just moments after the vessel departed Port Richey, Florida. Evacuees swam in chilly, albeit shallow, Gulf of Mexico water about 100 yards to shore.
More than a dozen people were transported to a nearby emergency center. A 42-year-old widow and mother of 12-year-old twins later died as a result of her injuries. A GoFundMe campaign has raised nearly $24,000 for the deceased's family.
Now just four days later, the Tropical Breeze has its seafaring casino back up and running. With the shuttle damaged beyond pair, the casino ship began picking up passengers in Port Richey this morning. Once the boat is at least 12 miles offshore where Florida laws no longer govern gambling, the slots and table games can start taking wagers.
PR Response
To entice customers, the Florida casino company is advertising on its Facebook various incentives including free boarding, up to $10 in free play credits, table minimums as low as $3, and up to three free drinks.
Despite advertising about its casino boat returning to operation and trying to attract guests aboard, Tropical Breeze has said nothing on its website or Facebook page regarding the tragedy. WFLA, Tampa's local NBC News affiliate, said the casino is encouraging guests who were injured in the fire to get in touch with the company regarding their medical bills.
Tropical Breeze isn't the first casino boat to run amuck in controversial public relation mishaps. Last April, the Jacks or Better Texas casino boat seemingly asked if it should fire one of its captains after he struck a jetty and scared passengers.
Checkered Past
The Tampa Bay Times is reporting that the Tropical Breeze has a long-troubled past, and the owners of the boat have some rather incredulous ties. The newspaper says the casino has switched names numerous times over the years, and has used such identities as SunCruz, Paradise of Port Richey, Pair-A-Dice, and Port Richey Casino.
Owners Alex and Mollie Kolokithas allegedly have a rather strong political influence in the area. And according to Tampa Bay Times writer Zachary Sampson, the Kolokithas previous business associate, South Florida millionaire businessman Gus Boulis, was murdered by a mob hitman in 2001.
In 2004, then known as the Paradise of Port Richey, one of the shuttle boats also caught fire. Fortunately, the vessel had just unloaded passengers at the casino and only two crew members were forced to evacuate.
Four years later, the actual casino boat was found to be out of compliance with Florida environmental regulations.
The US Coast Guard is investigating this week's shuttle fire.
Tropical Breeze to Raging Inferno: Feds Blame Casino Operator for Fatal Ferry Boat Fire
Lawsuit Filed Against Florida Casino Boat Operator, Captain Hailed for Quick Action
Dramatic Florida Gulf Coast Casino Shuttle Boat Fire Leaves One Dead, 14 Injured
Philip Conneller — December 12, 2018


text:
Compare Translations for Proverbs 12:13
Proverbs /
Proverbs 12 /
Proverbs 12:13 (ASV) In the transgression of the lips is a snare to the evil man; But the righteous shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (BBE) In the sin of the lips is a net which takes the sinner, but the upright man will come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (CEB) The wicked are trapped by the transgressions of their lips, but the righteous escape from distress.
Proverbs 12:13 (CEBA) The wicked are trapped by the transgressions of their lips, but the righteous escape from distress.
Proverbs 12:13 (CJB) The wicked is trapped by his own sinful speech, but the righteous finds a way out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (CSB) An evil man is trapped by [his] rebellious speech, but the righteous escapes from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (DBY) In the transgression of the lips is an evil snare; but a righteous [man] shall go forth out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (ESV) An evil man is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, but the righteous escapes from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (GNT) The wicked are trapped by their own words, but honest people get themselves out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (GNTA) The wicked are trapped by their own words, but honest people get themselves out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (GW) An evil person is trapped by his own sinful talk, but a righteous person escapes from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (HNV) An evil man is trapped by sinfulness of lips, But the righteous shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (JUB) The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips, but the just shall come out of the tribulation.
Proverbs 12:13 (KJV) The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips: but the just shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (KJVA) The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips: but the just shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (LEB) By the transgression of lips, evil is ensnared, but the righteous escapes from trouble.
Septuagint Bible w/ Apocrypha
Proverbs 12:13 (LXX) For the sin of lips a sinner falls into snare; but a righteous man escapes from them. He whose looks are gentle shall be pitied, but he that contends in the gates will afflict souls.
Proverbs 12:13 (MSG) The gossip of bad people gets them in trouble; the conversation of good people keeps them out of it.
Proverbs 12:13 (NAS) An evil man is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, But the righteous will escape from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NCV) Evil people are trapped by their evil talk, but good people stay out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NIRV) A sinner is trapped by his sinful talk. But a godly person escapes trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NIV) Evildoers are trapped by their sinful talk, and so the innocent escape trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NKJV) The wicked is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, But the righteous will come through trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NLT) The wicked are trapped by their own words, but the godly escape such trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NRS) The evil are ensnared by the transgression of their lips, but the righteous escape from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (NRSA) The evil are ensnared by the transgression of their lips, but the righteous escape from trouble.
Mishle 12:13 (OJB) The rah is ensnared by the peysha (transgression) of his sfatayim (lips), but the tzaddik shall escape from tzoros.
Proverbs 12:13 (RHE) For the sins of the lips ruin draweth nigh to the evil man: but the just shall escape out of distress.
Proverbs 12:13 (RSV) An evil man is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, but the righteous escapes from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (RSVA) An evil man is ensnared by the transgression of his lips, but the righteous escapes from trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (TMB) The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips, but the just shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (TMBA) The wicked is snared by the transgression of his lips, but the just shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (WBT) The wicked is snared by the transgression of [his] lips: but the just shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (WEB) An evil man is trapped by sinfulness of lips, But the righteous shall come out of trouble.
Proverbs 12:13 (WYC) For the sins of (his) lips, falling down nigheth to an evil man; but a just man shall escape from anguish (but the righteous shall escape from anguish).
Proverbs 12:13 (YLT) In transgression of the lips [is] the snare of the wicked, And the righteous goeth out from distress.
Commentaries For Proverbs 12
Verse 1 Those who have grace, will delight in the instructions given them. Those that stifle their convictions, are like brutes. Verse 2 . The man who covers selfish and vicious designs under a profession of religion or friendship, will be condemned. Verse 3 . Though men may advance themselves by sinful arts, they cannot settle and secure themselves. But those who by faith are rooted in Christ, are firmly fixed. Verse 4 . A wife who is pious, prudent, and looks well to the ways of her household, who makes conscience of her duty, and can bear crosses; such a one is an honour and comfort to her husband. She that is the reverse of this, preys upon him, and consumes him. Verse 5 . Thoughts are not free; they are under the Divine knowledge, therefore under the Divine command. It is a man's shame to act with deceit, with trick and design. Verse 6 . Wicked people speak mischief to their neighbours. A man may sometimes do a good work with one good word. Verse 7 . God's blessing is often continued to the families of godly men, while the wicked are overthrown. Verse 8 . The apostles showed wisdom by glorying in shame for the name of Christ. Verse 9 . He that lives in a humble state, who has no one to wait upon him, but gets bread by his own labour, is happier than he that glories in high birth or gay attire, and wants necessaries. Verse 10 . A godly man would not put even an animal to needless pain. But the wicked often speak of others as well used, when they would not endure like treatment for a single day. Verse 11 . It is men's wisdom to mind their business, and follow an honest calling. But it is folly to neglect business; and the grace of God teaches men to disdain nothing but sin. Verse 12 . When the ungodly see others prosper by sin, they wish they could act in the same way. But the root of Divine grace, in the heart of the righteous, produces other desires and purposes. Verse 13 . Many a man has paid dear in this world for the transgression of his lips. Verse 14 . When men use their tongues aright, to teach and comfort others, they enjoy acceptance through Christ Jesus; and the testimony of their conscience, that they in some measure answer the end of their being. Verse 15 . A fool, in the sense of Scripture, means a wicked man, one who acts contrary to the wisdom that is from above. His rule is, to do what is right in his own eyes. Verse 16 . A foolish man is soon angry, and is hasty in expressing it; he is ever in trouble and running into mischief. It is kindness to ourselves to make light of injuries and affronts, instead of making the worst of them. Verse 17 . It is good for all to dread and detest the sin of lying, and to be governed by honesty. Verse 18 . Whisperings and evil surmises, like a sword, separate those that have been dear to each other. The tongue of the wise is health, making all whole. Verse 19 . If truth be spoken, it will hold good; whoever may be disobliged, still it will keep its ground. Verse 20 . Deceit and falsehood bring terrors and perplexities. But those who consult the peace and happiness of others have joy in their own minds. Verse 21 . If men are sincerely righteous, the righteous God has engaged that no evil shall happen to them. But they that delight in mischief shall have enough of it. Verse 22 . Make conscience of truth, not only in words, but in actions. Verse 23 . Foolish men proclaim to all the folly and emptiness of their minds. Verse 24 . Those who will not take pains in an honest calling, living by tricks and dishonesty, are paltry and beggarly. Verse 25 . Care, fear, and sorrow, upon the spirits, deprive men of vigour in what is to be done, or courage in what is to be borne. A good word from God, applied by faith, makes the heart glad. Verse 26 . The righteous is abundant; though not in this world's goods, yet in the graces and comforts of the Spirit, which are the true riches. Evil men vainly flatter themselves that their ways are not wrong. Verse 27 . The slothful man makes no good use of the advantages Providence puts in his way, and has no comfort in them. The substance of a diligent man, though not great, does good to him and his family. He sees that God gives it to him in answer to prayer. Verse 28 . The way of religion is a straight, plain way; it is the way of righteousness. There is not only life at the end, but life in the way; all true comfort.
Proverbs 12:1-28 .
1. loveth knowledge--as the fruit of instruction or training ( Proverbs 1:2 ).
hateth reproof--( Proverbs 10:17 ).
brutish--stupid, regardless of his own welfare ( Psalms 49:10 , 73:22 ).
3. Wickedness cannot give permanent prosperity.
root . . . not be moved--firm as a flourishing tree--( Psalms 1:3 , 15:5 , Jeremiah 17:8 ).
4. A virtuous woman--in the wide sense of well-disposed to all moral duties ( Proverbs 31:10 ).
maketh ashamed--that is, by misconduct.
rottenness--an incurable evil.
5. thoughts--or, "purposes."
are right--literally, "are judgment," that is, true decisions.
counsels--(Compare Proverbs 11:14 ).
deceit--contrary to truth and honesty.
6. The words--or, "expressed designs" of the wicked are for evil purposes.
the mouth--or, "words" of the righteous delivering instead of ensnaring men.
7. Such conduct brings a proper return, by the destruction of the wicked and well-being of the righteous and his family.
8. despised--as opposed to commended ( Proverbs 11:12 ).
perverse heart--or, "wicked principles," as opposed to one of wisdom.
9. despised--held in little repute, obscure ( 1 Samuel 18:23 , Isaiah 3:5 ).
hath a servant--implying some means of honest living.
honoureth himself--is self-conceited.
10. regardeth--literally, "knoweth" ( Psalms 1:6 ).
mercies . . . cruel--as acts of compassion ungraciously rendered to the needy. The righteous more regards a beast than the wicked a man.
11. The idler's fate is the result of indolence and want of principle ( Proverbs 6:32 , 7:7 ).
12. the wicked . . . evil--They love the crafty arts of deception.
the root . . . fruit--their own resources supply them; or, it may be rendered: "He (God) giveth, or, sets ( Ezekiel 17:22 ) the root of the righteous," and hence it is firm: or, the verb is impersonal; "As to the root . . . it is firm" ( Proverbs 17:19 ).
13, 14. The wicked is snared, &c.--The sentiment expanded. While the wicked, such as liars, flatterers, &c., fall by their own words, the righteous are unhurt. Their good conduct makes friends, and God rewards them.
15. The way . . . eyes--The fool is self-conceited (compare Proverbs 12:1 , 1:32 , 10:17 , 3:17 ).
16. prudent . . . shame--He is slow to denounce his insulters ( James 1:19 ).
18. speaketh--literally, "speaketh hastily," or indiscreetly ( Psalms 106:33 ), as an angry man retorts harsh and provoking invectives.
tongue . . . health--by soothing and gentle language.
19. Words of truth are consistent, and stand all tests, while lies are soon discovered and exposed.
20. that imagine--or, "plan" ( Proverbs 3:29 ). They design a deceitful course, to which, with all its evils and dangers to others and themselves, the happiness of peace-makers is opposed (compare Matthew 5:9 , Romans 12:18 ).
21. no evil--(as in Psalms 91:10 ), under God's wise limitations ( Romans 8:28 ).
mischief--as penal evil.
22. deal truly--or, "faithfully," that is, according to promises (compare John 3:21 ).
23. concealeth--by his modesty ( Proverbs 10:14 , 11:13 ).
heart . . . proclaimeth--as his lips speak his thoughts (compare Ecclesiastes 10:3 ).
24. slothful--(Compare Margin), so called because he fails to meet his promises.
under tribute--not denoting legal taxes, but the obligation of dependence.
25. a good word--one of comfort.
26. more excellent--(Compare Margin); or, "more successful," while the wicked fail; or, we may read it: "The righteous guides his friend, but," &c., that is, The ability of the righteous to aid others is contrasted with the ruin to which the way of the wicked leads themselves.
27. (Compare Proverbs 12:24 ).
took in hunting--or, "his venison." He does not improve his advantages.
the substance . . . precious--or, "the wealth of a man of honor is being diligent," or "diligence."
precious--literally, "honor" ( Ecclesiastes 10:1 ).
28. (Compare Proverbs 8:8 Proverbs 8:20 , &c.). A sentiment often stated; here first affirmatively, then negatively.