Oh, hey Friday. Nice to see you. Albeit a little late to the party.
One. Last weekend before Christmas is here and I'm not at work! Have you all gotten tired of me saying how much I love not working on weekends?? And the fact that my cold came right in time is perfect. Because I can snuggle all weekend with my husband and kitty and nurse this cold. That's excitement.
Two. No last minute shopping for me. Hallelujah! We gifted ourselves with a treadmill so we decided on no Christmas presents this year, just a stocking. And the other gifts have already been purchased. Go me!
Three. #FireworkPeople. There aren't the right words to even describe the level of encouragement, support and love from this group. I joined their facebook group a few weeks ago and kind of stood in the back. On Tuesday I decided to participate in their Twitter chat and within ten minutes I felt so uplifted and encouraged. When I posted in the Facebook group I received comments on my blog post about sharing my idea with #fireworkPeople. I am telling every woman to join this group. They support you, answer questions and cheer you on even if you are a total stranger.
Four. This time of year is bittersweet for me. I've always loved Christmas and it's Christmas right? But it also reminds me of family and how mine has changed so much over the past 5 years. I miss my mom so much some days. Grief is a tricky thing. It shows up when it feels like it, uninvited. But it reminds us how far we have come and just how much we should be thankful for.
Five. New Years resolution Swap! Word on the blog this week is the launch of this swap. Want to encourage someone in the New Year to achieve their resolutions? Or just want to make new friends? Then this is a great opportunity! Put together a little "resolution" box for your partner and encourage them. Made it really easy for you, sign-up below!


Wow… very cool. Not a motorcycle, but you get some serious credit!!!!
Funnily enough, I came across a lot of touring motorcycles and, although they are not my favourite road-users (!), they were a friendly bunch.
Hi Clare, Very impressed by your blog. Like minded spirits must be thin on the ground.
Thanks Dad.I'm hunting them down!
Thanks for the wonderful write up. I travelled to that area for work and with my (non-cycling) partner so although I know some of the places I don't know it as a cyclist and I enjoyed reading all about your trip. The hut you found on air bnb looks lovely! I've added your blog to my reading list so that I can keep up with your future adventures!!
Thanks Emma, Not sure where the next adventure will be yet, but I'm looking forward to it!


text:
Vol 9 No 4 (2020): October 2020 Issue /
Linguistic Features' Variation in Translating Technical Texts
Abdul- Hamed Al-Awabdeh, Dr. Department of English Language & Literature, University of Jordan, Jordan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530
This research examines the contribution of language variation in translating technical texts from English into Arabic language. It aims at analyzing language variation, technical texts translation competence, creating subject field knowledge and generating authenticity in technical texts and translation setting. This study attempts to uncover problems that English language and literature students at the University of Jordan / Aqaba branch problems of translating technical texts. This qualitative research included 30 B.A students selected randomly from the Dept. of English Language and Literature at the University of Jordan. The results of the study revealed that literature students encountered many problems when translating technical texts, particularly when using two different varieties of English American / British into Arabic language. This research recommends that translators and professional in the field should be concerned with translating technical texts and include them in translation syllabi.
DYVIK, H (2004). "Translation as Semantic Mirrors: From Parellel Corpus to WordNet". Language and Computers, 49 (1): 311-326, 2004.
FAWCETT, Peter. 1997. Translation and Language: Linguistic Theories Explained, Manchester: St. Jerson.
GAY, R. MILLS, G., and AIRASIAN, P. 2009. Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications. Ninth Edition: Pearson International Edition.
GOLLINS, T and SANDERSON, M. 2001. "Improving Cross Language Retrieval with Triangulated Translation". In SIGIR, 2001.
GORLEE, Di Li. 2004. On Translating Signs: Rodopi.
HARDWICK, Larna. 2000. Translating Words, Translating Cultures, London: Duckworth.
HATIM, Basil and IAN, Mason. 1990. Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman.
HATIM, BASIL, and IAN, Mason. 1997. The Translator as Communicator. London: Routledge.
MUNDAY, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translating Studies- Theories and Applications. London: Routledge.
MUNDAY, Jeremy. 2005. Introducing Translation Studies- Theories and Applications. Routledge, Abingdon.
NORD, Christiane. 2007. Translation as a Powerful Activity-Functionalist Approaches Explained. St. Jerome Publishing, Manchester.
ROBINSON, Douglas. 2003. Becoming a Translator. An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Translation, London: Routledge.
SCHJOLDAGER, Anne. 2008. Understanding Translation. Academica, Arlus.
SHAROFF, S., BABYCH, B and HARLLY. T. 2006. "Using Comparable Corpora to Solve Problems Difficulties for Human Translators". In ACLIHLT, 2006.
TROSBOR, Anne. 1997. "Text Typology: Register, Genre and Text Type." In: Trosborg, Anne (Ed). 1997 Text Typology and Translation. John Benjamin Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
VENNUTI, L. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
AL-AWABDEH, Abdul- Hamed. Linguistic Features' Variation in Translating Technical Texts. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS), [S.l.], v. 9, n. 4, p. 1520.1530, oct. 2020. ISSN 2305-9249. Available at: <http://centreofexcellence.net/index.php/JSS/article/view/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530>. Date accessed: 21 jan. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530.
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Home » Movie News » Unstoppable with NBK 2: Guests Locked for the Fifth Episode
Unstoppable with NBK 2: Guests Locked for the Fifth Episode
November 29, 2022 / 11:30 AM IST
It is widely known that the second season of the popular OTT platform, Aha's celebrity talk show, Unstoppable with NBK started last month. Being hosted by Nandamuri Balakrishna, the first episode of Unstoppable with NBK 2 was aired on October 14th. TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu and his son Lokesh attended as chief guests for the first episode of the talk show.
Youngsters Vishwak Sen and Siddhu Jonnalagadda along with Sithara Entertainments banner owner Naga Vamsi attended as guests for the second episode and had a great time with NBK. Later, the third episode of the show is out. Noted heroes Adivi Sesh and Sharwanand came to the talk show.
For the fourth episode of the talk show, former Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh Kiran Kumar Reddy along with the former speaker of undivided AP Suresh Reddy attended as the chief guests. The trio are collegemates at Usmania University is a widely known fact. Yesteryear heroine Radhika Sharathkumar graced the event as a surprise guest.
Meanwhile, the latest we hear is that legendary personalities like K Raghavendra Rao, and Daggubati Suresh will be gracing as the chief guests for the fifth season of the talk show. News is also coming in that reputed producer cum one of the partners of the Aha platform will also be gracing the talk show as a special guest.
#Balakrishna
#Balayya Babu
#NBK
#Unstoppable2
Veera Simha Reddy Fifteen-day Report
Unstoppable with NBK2: Interesting Details Regarding Pawan Kalyan's Episode
NBK's Assurance to his Co-star?
Photo Moment: NBK Parties with Honey Rose


text:
Tim Kolupanowich
A native of Monroe Township, NJ, Tim received his Bachelor's Degree in Contemporary Journalism from Endicott College in Beverly, MA. A Flyers fan growing up, he has gone to numerous events including each installment of the Winter Classic, the Stanley Cup final and the 2010 Olympics. In addition to The Hockey Writers, Tim also writes for The Good Point and interned with The Hockey News from Jan. to May 2011, contributing to their book Hockey's Most Amazing Records. Outside of hockey, Tim enjoys reading and watching movies and extreme sports such as snowboarding and skydiving.
Devils' Steady Fourth Line A Big Part Of Their Run
May 24th, 2012 One is an undrafted career minor leaguer who was called up for the last game of the regular season. One was released from traning camp only to be called up halfway through the season. One was claimed off of waivers from the Florida Panthers shortly before the season started. But together, the trio of Stephen Gionta, Steve Bernier and...
Time For Washington To Part Ways With Semin
The Washington Capitals are going to look different next season, we know that much for sure, but to what extent remains to be seen. GM George McPhee has a few big decisions to make during the offseason, including hiring a new coach, as Dale Hunter will not return to the Washington bench next season. One of their key players from...
Martin Brodeur Enjoying His Best Postseason Since 2003
Despite recently turning 40, legendary New Jersey Devils stopper Martin Brodeur has to be feeling like a kid again. He looks calm and poised in net as the Devils are headed to the Eastern Conference final for the first time since 2003 when they won their last Stanley Cup. Since the lockout, the Devils revolved around getting...
Time Once Again For Giroux To Step Up His Game
Claude Giroux entered the second round being hailed by many as the current best player in the world. He was a dominant force, recording six goals, 14 points and a plus-6 in only six games. He stood tallest when the Flyers needed him the most, shelling out a punishing check on Sidney Crosby just four seconds into Game 6 and scoring...
Despite Heartbreaking Loss, Capitals Are Not Out Of This Series
May 3rd, 2012 The Washington Capitals suffered a heartbreaking triple overtime loss to the New York Rangers in Game 3 of their Eastern Conference semi-final matchup early Thursday morning. Marian Gaborik ended what may have been the best game of the playoffs so far by going five-hole on Braden Holtby off a Brad Richards feed from behind the...
It's Time To Revise The Puck-Over-The-Glass Penalty
April 27th, 2012 The New Jersey Devils defeated the Florida Panthers 3-2 in double overtime of Game 7 early Friday morning to advance to the Eastern Conference semi final, but almost had their season ruined by the puck-over-the-glass delay of game penalty. The Panthers' Marcel Goc tied the game on the power play with 3:28 remaining while Marek...
8 Underacheiving NHL Playoff Performers
April 22nd, 2012 Every year the NHL playoffs brings out the best in some and the worst in others. For every pleasant surprise there is an equal and opposite disappointment and no players feel more pressure than when they underperform in a first-round loss. Here are the players on teams down in their series or eliminated altogether who simply haven't done...
NHL Playoffs: Yes There Are Some Bright Spots
April 18th, 2012 There have already been seven suspensions in this season's NHL playoffs, with an eighth on the way to Raffi Torres. But look past the suspensions (or lack thereof), the dirty play and an all-time bad performance and there has been some very good hockey this spring. Here are some of the bright sport so far in the playoffs. The...
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The TMJ, or temporomandibular joint, is the joint that gives the jaw its ability to slide from side to side, open and close smoothly. It is a complex joint that is made up of bones, discs, ligaments and muscles. Any imbalance can contribute to the development of TMJ disorders, including muscle problems, joint pain and joint abnormalities. These symptoms can be extremely painful and can interfere with healthy jaw function. If you have any symptoms of TMJ disorders, including pain or decreased joint movement, our Los Angeles TMJ expert can help.
Our expert inTMJ in Los Angelesoffers comprehensive evaluations that can help diagnose your problem. An accurate diagnosis can help us provide you with the most effective treatments possible. In most cases, a conservative treatment regimen will provide you with the relief you need and improve the health of your jaw.
Lifestyle changes can be helpful regardless of your diagnosis. Our Los Angeles TMJ expert may suggest that you eat soft foods and take small bites to alleviate the pressure on your TMJ. Avoid foods that are extremely hard, crunchy or chewy to give your jaw a chance to rest, and try to avoid opening your mouth too widely. Ice packs and moist heat can be used to relieve inflammation and relax tight muscles. Physical therapy may be needed for some patients. Special exercises can stretch and strengthen the muscles around the joint.
Some patients may need more extensive treatments. Our expert in TMJ in Los Angeles may recommend or prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to ease inflammation or muscle relaxants to ease the tight jaw muscles. Patients who grind their teeth or who have stress-induced TMJ disorders may benefit from anti-anxiety medications. Oral appliances can also be helpful for patients who grind their teeth or who have certain other dental issues.
Other treatments may also be appropriate to correct underlying dental problems. Orthodontic treatments can correct alignment or occlusion problems that contribute to TMJ disorders, and lost or damaged teeth may need to be replaced. Contact our Los Angeles dentist today to find out more or to schedule your appointment.


Taylor Swift convincing Camila Cabello to leave Fifth Harmony?
American singer/songwriter Taylor Swift is reportedly trying to convince, close friend Camila Cabello to leave the girl group Fifth Harmony and start an individual music career.
According to Hollywood Life, the 25-year-old Shake It Off singer feels the 18-year-old singer has more potential than her bandmates.
"Time and time again, Taylor has brought to Camila's attention that she has an amazing solo career ahead of her. It's gotten to the point where she keeps trying to convince Camila to do a solo album," a source said.
However, Cabello does not want to split from her group mates, Ally Brooke Hernandez, Normani Kordei, Dinah Jane Hansen and Lauren Jauregui.
"She respects Taylor's thoughts and is always very cordial, but Camila doesn't want to really think about that as she loves being with the other girls of Fifth Harmony," the insider added.
Fifth Harmony shot to fame after finishing third on X Factor in 2012.
"It's like walking on broken glass, she loves being friends with Taylor, so she is definitely making it look to Taylor that she is considering it even though it isn't going to happen," the insider said. "She loves the Fifth Harmony experience way to much!"
Meanwhile, the Blank Space singer was awarded with the Milestone award at the 2015 Academy of Country Music Awards held at AT&T Stadium on 19 April.
At the ceremony, the Red singer received a touching tribute from her mother, Andrea Swift, who has recently been diagnosed with cancer.


The District Purulia is situated in a remote border of the state of West Bengal which comprised of vast backland of rural population which is deprived of facilities of good education, scope of higher studies, cultural advancement and employment opportunities. In this situation there is high need of propagation in education and cultural activities among the mass rural people.
Manbhum Institute of Education and Social Science which is a constituent of Manbhum Society of Educational and Cultural Research is comprised of people with academic and cultural bent of mind.
The college is going to introduce proposed B. Ed. college with the aim to impart teacher training to meet the growing manpower requirement in secondary and higher-secondary schools and to inculcate the spirit of good education. This course under this college will enable the students mainly from the rural area to get unique employment opportunity. It will create congenial social and academic environment for further education among the mass rural people. The college has aim at forming academic faculties with the heights rigor of academic standard which will consists of permanent, part-time and visiting faculties from the reputed academic institutes.
The College is located at south - end of Purulia town beside the Purulia-Jamshedpur Road (NH-32) in a fully spacious and airy atmospheres. It is well connected with Railway station and Bus stand of Purulia town.
The college got permission to start B.Ed. College from West Bengal Council of Higher Education and the University of Burdwan extended affiliation to introduce B.Ed. course from the session July 2007-2008. The National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) has accorded necessary permission and recognition to start B.Ed course from the academic session July 2007 to June 2008. The college has complied with the requirement and stipulations provided by the NCTE, ERC, Bhubhaneswar. Excellent academic standerd is being maintained in our college. In the session 2007-08 more than 80% students have achieved first class. Similarly in the session 2008-09 more than 82% students have secured first division. The students are getting unique multicultureal atmosphere in our college which helps them to become responsible teacher.


text:
Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating
S. Tsukada, S. Kuroda, M. Nishijima, H. Araki, A. Yumoto, M. Watanabe
材料工学科
材料工学専攻
Plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LaMA) coating as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate has been studied for more than a decade, but it tends to contain significant amounts of non-equilibrium amorphous phase due to rapid solidification. The microstructure of such as-sprayed LaMA coating was first studied in detail by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which revealed that the coating consisted mostly of an amorphous phase but with very thin layers of crystalline (thickness ~ 100 nm) phase at the boundary of neighboring sprayed particles. A hot corrosion test was also conducted on an as-sprayed LaMA coating as well as on a fully-crystallized coating after heat treatment by a molten V 2 O 5 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture at 1100 °C. The coatings' cross sectional observation showed that the as-sprayed coating was affected over a wider area by the corrosion reaction than the crystallized coating. To clarify the intrinsic reactivity of the amorphous and crystalline LaMA phases with the molten salt, a piece of as-sprayed coating was crushed into powder, mixed with a salt, and tested at temperatures below and above the crystallization temperature. The reacted powder was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to quantify the amounts of various phases in the sample as a function of time. The results revealed that the amorphous LaMA has a remarkably higher reaction rate with the molten salt than the crystalline phase. In fact, at the testing temperature of 1100 °C, corrosion of the sprayed LaMA powder proceeded much faster than crystallization, as almost 90% of LaMA was corroded within 30 min.
Surface and Coatings Technology
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.097
化学 (全般)
表面および界面
表面、皮膜および薄膜
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.097
「Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
hot corrosion Physics & Astronomy 100%
Plasmas Engineering & Materials Science 59%
Corrosion Engineering & Materials Science 48%
coatings Physics & Astronomy 43%
Tsukada, S., Kuroda, S., Nishijima, M., Araki, H., Yumoto, A., & Watanabe, M. (2019). Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating Surface and Coatings Technology, 363, 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.097
Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating . / Tsukada, S.; Kuroda, S.; Nishijima, M. その他.
In: Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 363, 15.04.2019, p. 95-105.
Tsukada, S, Kuroda, S, Nishijima, M, Araki, H, Yumoto, A & Watanabe, M 2019, ' Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating ', Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 363, pp. 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.097
Tsukada S, Kuroda S, Nishijima M, Araki H, Yumoto A, Watanabe M. Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating Surface and Coatings Technology. 2019 4月 15;363:95-105. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.01.097
Tsukada, S. ; Kuroda, S. ; Nishijima, M. その他. / Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating In: Surface and Coatings Technology. 2019 ; Vol. 363. pp. 95-105.
@article{46052d5df86c42738e4095b84eaac7ee,
title = " Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating ",
abstract = " Plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LaMA) coating as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate has been studied for more than a decade, but it tends to contain significant amounts of non-equilibrium amorphous phase due to rapid solidification. The microstructure of such as-sprayed LaMA coating was first studied in detail by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which revealed that the coating consisted mostly of an amorphous phase but with very thin layers of crystalline (thickness ~ 100 nm) phase at the boundary of neighboring sprayed particles. A hot corrosion test was also conducted on an as-sprayed LaMA coating as well as on a fully-crystallized coating after heat treatment by a molten V 2 O 5 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture at 1100 °C. The coatings' cross sectional observation showed that the as-sprayed coating was affected over a wider area by the corrosion reaction than the crystallized coating. To clarify the intrinsic reactivity of the amorphous and crystalline LaMA phases with the molten salt, a piece of as-sprayed coating was crushed into powder, mixed with a salt, and tested at temperatures below and above the crystallization temperature. The reacted powder was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to quantify the amounts of various phases in the sample as a function of time. The results revealed that the amorphous LaMA has a remarkably higher reaction rate with the molten salt than the crystalline phase. In fact, at the testing temperature of 1100 °C, corrosion of the sprayed LaMA powder proceeded much faster than crystallization, as almost 90% of LaMA was corroded within 30 min. ",
keywords = "Hexaaluminate, High-resolution TEM, Molten salt, Quantitative XRD analysis, Thermal barrier coatings",
author = "S. Tsukada and S. Kuroda and M. Nishijima and H. Araki and A. Yumoto and M. Watanabe",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully thank Dr. Y. Matsushita and Dr. T. Hiroto (National Institute of Material Science) for their technical support in the XRD analysis. The authors are grateful to Dr. M. Suzuki (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) for preparation of the feedstock LaMA powder. A part of this study was supported by Tohoku University nanocharacterization platform in the Nanotechnology Platform Project sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019",
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journal = "Surface and Coatings Technology",
T1 - Effects of amorphous phase on hot corrosion behavior of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 coating
AU - Tsukada, S.
AU - Kuroda, S.
AU - Nishijima, M.
AU - Araki, H.
AU - Yumoto, A.
AU - Watanabe, M.
N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully thank Dr. Y. Matsushita and Dr. T. Hiroto (National Institute of Material Science) for their technical support in the XRD analysis. The authors are grateful to Dr. M. Suzuki (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology) for preparation of the feedstock LaMA powder. A part of this study was supported by Tohoku University nanocharacterization platform in the Nanotechnology Platform Project sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Publisher Copyright: © 2019
N2 - Plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LaMA) coating as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate has been studied for more than a decade, but it tends to contain significant amounts of non-equilibrium amorphous phase due to rapid solidification. The microstructure of such as-sprayed LaMA coating was first studied in detail by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which revealed that the coating consisted mostly of an amorphous phase but with very thin layers of crystalline (thickness ~ 100 nm) phase at the boundary of neighboring sprayed particles. A hot corrosion test was also conducted on an as-sprayed LaMA coating as well as on a fully-crystallized coating after heat treatment by a molten V 2 O 5 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture at 1100 °C. The coatings' cross sectional observation showed that the as-sprayed coating was affected over a wider area by the corrosion reaction than the crystallized coating. To clarify the intrinsic reactivity of the amorphous and crystalline LaMA phases with the molten salt, a piece of as-sprayed coating was crushed into powder, mixed with a salt, and tested at temperatures below and above the crystallization temperature. The reacted powder was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to quantify the amounts of various phases in the sample as a function of time. The results revealed that the amorphous LaMA has a remarkably higher reaction rate with the molten salt than the crystalline phase. In fact, at the testing temperature of 1100 °C, corrosion of the sprayed LaMA powder proceeded much faster than crystallization, as almost 90% of LaMA was corroded within 30 min.
AB - Plasma-sprayed LaMgAl 11 O 19 (LaMA) coating as a novel thermal barrier coating candidate has been studied for more than a decade, but it tends to contain significant amounts of non-equilibrium amorphous phase due to rapid solidification. The microstructure of such as-sprayed LaMA coating was first studied in detail by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which revealed that the coating consisted mostly of an amorphous phase but with very thin layers of crystalline (thickness ~ 100 nm) phase at the boundary of neighboring sprayed particles. A hot corrosion test was also conducted on an as-sprayed LaMA coating as well as on a fully-crystallized coating after heat treatment by a molten V 2 O 5 -Na 2 SO 4 mixture at 1100 °C. The coatings' cross sectional observation showed that the as-sprayed coating was affected over a wider area by the corrosion reaction than the crystallized coating. To clarify the intrinsic reactivity of the amorphous and crystalline LaMA phases with the molten salt, a piece of as-sprayed coating was crushed into powder, mixed with a salt, and tested at temperatures below and above the crystallization temperature. The reacted powder was analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to quantify the amounts of various phases in the sample as a function of time. The results revealed that the amorphous LaMA has a remarkably higher reaction rate with the molten salt than the crystalline phase. In fact, at the testing temperature of 1100 °C, corrosion of the sprayed LaMA powder proceeded much faster than crystallization, as almost 90% of LaMA was corroded within 30 min.
KW - Hexaaluminate
KW - High-resolution TEM
KW - Molten salt
KW - Quantitative XRD analysis
KW - Thermal barrier coatings
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JO - Surface and Coatings Technology
JF - Surface and Coatings Technology


text:
Published on indymedia.org.il (https://indymedia.org.il)
الصفحة الرئيسية > Obama in Israel
Obama in Israel
Civil & Human Rights [1]
Commentary [2]
By Stephen Lendman, submitted by Anonymous on سبت, 23/03/2013 - 10:50
Obama in Jerusalem
by Stephen Lendman
Rhetoric doesn't reflect policy. What matters most is what Obama means, not what he says. His agenda affirms one-sided Israeli support. He spurns Palestinian rights. He's done so throughout his tenure.
He's not about to change now. Palestinians have no friends in Washington. For sure they have none in high places.
Obama's their enemy. His words ring hollow. How can a warrior president be taken seriously?
He's waging multiple wars. He's ravaging humanity. He spurns rule of law principles. He prioritizes world dominance. He's beholden to monied interests. They own him. Palestinian suffering's increased on his watch. He's done nothing to alleviate it.
On March 21, he spoke [3] in Jerusalem's Convention Center. He chose the wrong place to go. Israel claims the city as its exclusive capital. Palestinians want it for their own.
It's an international city. Obama should have gone elsewhere. Ideally he should have stayed home. He's unwanted. Palestinians protested his visit. They did so across the West Bank.
They awaited his arrival in Ramallah. A sign in English said: "USA is not a fair sponsor for any political process in the Middle East." Another said: "I want to see my father's village."
One Palestinian spoke for others, saying:
"We are here to send our clear message to American President Barack Obama that the Palestinian people are more determined to achieve the goal of building their own independent state in the Palestinian territories."
"We want to say clearly that we refuse all the pressure that the United States is putting on the Palestinians' shoulders."
Ismail Haniyeh [4] is Palestine's legitimate prime minister. His visit changes nothing, he said.
"We believe American policies perpetuate the Israeli occupation and settlements in Palestine under the slogan of peace."
"The PA must realize that they have to abide by national principles and reconciliation."
In early March, Haniyah [5] called Obama's visit a "trap." It's "aimed at undermining the Arab population."
"We are convinced that Obama's visit will not produce the necessary breakthrough for our people." Abbas should be wary, he added.
Obama's up to no good. His visit "will focus on regional developments, and will only address our cause in a way to undermine Palestinian national reconciliation efforts and to relaunch the absurd so-called negotiations" with Israel.
He spent token time in Ramallah. He called Israeli politics "complicated." He urged thinking outside the box. It's needed to restart Israeli/PA talks, he claimed.
They've been stillborn from inception. They're more hypocrisy than real. Palestinians never had a legitimate partner. They don't now. Netanyahu spurns peace. So does Obama.
Forget about preconditions, he said. "There's no point in negotiating if you've decided everything in advance." He stopped short of condemning illegal settlements. He called them an "obstacle" to peace.
Abbas tried having things both ways. On the one hand, he said "Israel builds everywhere. I don't know who gave them this right."
On the other, he's willing to accept an "unannounced" settlement freeze. It's enough to restart peace talks, he says.
He knows Israeli public or private pledges aren't worth the paper they're written on. He cited talking points from an internal PLO document.
It says Netanyahu "can pledge to you secretly (to) stop settlement activities during the period of negotiations. He does not have to announce it."
Israel has its most pro-settler government in history. It's committed to build, build, build. Public or private pronouncements change nothing.
Obama knows it. So does Abbas. They pretend otherwise. Their words ring hollow.
Obama's speech reflected doublespeak duplicity. He talks peace. He's waging multiple wars to prevent it. He called Israel a "vibrant democracy." It's a rogue terror state. It's racist, repressive and belligerent. It menaces the region.
"Palestinians have a right to be a free people in their own land," he said. Their "right to self-determination, their right to justice, must also be recognized." Policies he endorses prevent it.
He stressed Israel's unconditional right to security. Israelis live in a dangerous neighborhood. He claimed terrorists threaten them. Israel's only enemies are ones it invents.
He said Israelis "have a true partner in president Abbas and prime minister Fayyad." Both serve illegitimately. They're Israeli collaborators. They enforce occupation harshness. They spurn their own people. They do so for benefits derived.
Israel rigged Abbas' 2005 election. His term expired in January 2009. Fayyad was appointed, not elected. In 2006 legislative elections, his Third Way party won two of 132 seats. It got 2.4% of Palestinian votes.
Fayyad's unwanted for good reason. He's Israel's man in Palestine. He's a former World Bank/IMF official. He supports neoliberal harshness. He enforces militarized occupation.
Hamas is Palestine's legitimate government. Coup d'etat authority replaced it. Washington and Israel collaborated to install it. Obama supports it. He's no friend of Palestine.
He said "Palestinians must recognize Israel (as) a Jewish state." Around 20% of its population is Arab. He ignored them. They're treated like fifth column threats. They're persecuted. They're denied equal rights. Obama left inconvenient facts unexplained.
Media scoundrels praised his address. A Jerusalem Post [6] editorial said it reflected "shared dreams." It was a "showpiece address."
Haaretz [7] said his "goal in coming to Israel has been achieved."
"He penetrated the hearts of the Israeli people. (His message was) moving and compelling."
"Let us hope (his) call falls on attentive ears."
The New York Times [8] said he "la(id) out his case for a future Israel at peace with the Palestinians."
He "delivered an enthusiastically welcomed speech…." It was "the centerpiece of his first trip to Israel as president. (He) spoke in lofty terms. (He said America) remains unquestionably committed to Israel's security."
The Washington Post [9] said his address "signaled a shift away from the balance he has sought to maintain between Israeli and Palestinian leaders since taking office."
He offered Palestinian leaders "moral support for an independent state."
He rejects Palestinian statehood. He left what's most important unmentioned.
The State of Palestine exists. It was proclaimed in Algiers on November 15, 1988. At the time, the PLO adopted the Palestinian Declaration of Independence.
PLO legal advisor Francis Boyle drafted it. He included safeguards to assure all sovereign state rights. His document left no wiggle room loopholes. He made sure UN membership won't comprise them.
Palestine satisfies all essential criteria for sovereign independence and full de jure UN membership. Obama refuses to recognize what already exists. So do Abbas and Fayyad. They're collaborationist traitors.
The Los Angeles Times [10] called Obama's address "soaring." It was "rousing" and "well-received." It "focused on shared dreams rather than thorny details."
He "announced no new conditions or demands. He tried "to nudge the peace process ahead." He "assure(d) Israelis of US support."
He paid lip service alone to Palestinians. His policies reveal callousness. He one-sidedly supports Israel.
An Anti-Defamation League [11] press release called his address a "Truly Historic Affirmation of the Bond between the United States and Israel."
"We applaud President Obama's powerful address and the warmth, respect and admiration it expressed for all that Israel represents for the Jewish people and the world."
The Onion [12] got it right. It called Obama's trip "pointless." It'll "accomplish nothing."
"He traveled 5,000 miles for a meaningless photo op. (It's) a waste of everyone's time…."
Private talks with Netanyahu discussed war. Mossad-connected DEBKAfile [13] (DF) said both leaders agreed. Israel won't attack Iran without Washington's consent.
Tehran has "another three months' grace….After June….resolving the Iranian nuclear issue will be judged to have run its course."
Netanyahu stressed "the clock is ticking." Obama said all options are on the table. "We will do whatever is necessary to prevent Iran from getting the world's worst weapons."
DF also said Obama and Netanyahu "agreed on when to intervene against Syria." An unnamed Western diplomat claims another war with Hezbollah is "inevitable." When remains uncertain.
Obama's a warrior president. His agenda rejects peace. He and Netanyahu prioritize war. Palestinian rights got lip service. They're on their own like always. Conflict could erupt anytime. Forewarned is forearmed.
Source URL (retrieved on 08/09/2014 - 06:02): https://indymedia.org.il/ar/article/2013/3/obama-in-israel-0
[1] http://indymedia.org.il/ar/category/category/civil-human-rights
[2] http://indymedia.org.il/ar/commentary
[3] http://www.haaretz.com/news/obama-visits-israel/full-text-of-obama-s-speech-in-jerusalem-so-long-as-there-is-a-united-states-of-america-ah-tem-lo-lah-vahd-1.511078
[4] http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=577345
[5] http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/166045#.UUw6c6WSLuR
[6] http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Editorials/Shared-dreams-307371
[7] http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/listen-to-obama.premium-1.511236
[8] http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/22/world/middleeast/obama-lays-out-case-for-israel-to-revive-peace-talks.html?_r=0
[9] http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/obama-meets-with-palestinian-leadership-in-ramallah/2013/03/21/fa3738e6-920b-11e2-9cfd-36d6c9b5d7ad_story.html?tid=ts_carousel
[10] http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg-obama-speech-20130322,0,946212.story
[11] http://www.adl.org/press-center/press-releases/israel-middle-east/adl-applauds-president-obama-jerusalem-speech.html
[12] http://www.theonion.com/articles/this-is-a-pointless-trip-obama-says-while-shaking,31745/
[13] http://www.debka.com/article/22847/Obama-Netanyahu-grant-Iran-another-three-months%E2%80%99-grace


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Athens All Destinations
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Choragic Monument of Lysicrates Tours
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The Choragic Monument of Lysicrates is the best preserved choragic monument in Athens, Greece. In ancient times, statues like this one were built as a base for placing trophies. Theater competitions were organized each year, and the sponsor of the winning performance won a trophy. This particular one was built by Lysicrates, a wealthy citizen of Athens, in the 4th century BC. It stands over 30 feet high and is crowned with a capital in the shape of acanthus leaves. The bronze trophy would have been placed on top of this capital.
On top of the pedestal, you can see a tholos, which is a circular structure with Corinthian columns and covered with a marble roof. Beneath the roof you can see a frieze that shows scenes from the winning play along with Dionysus, the patron god of the stage. The monument was integrated into a Capuchin monastery that was built in the same location in the mid 1600s, which is part of the reason it has survived.
Lysicrates Square, Athens, Attica, Greece, 10558
Tours and Activities to Experience Choragic Monument of Lysicrates
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Central Athens Highlights Small Group Tour by TRIKKE
Explore Athens by TRIKKE® (electric tricycle) and check off the Greek capital's top sights with this 2-hour small group tour. Hop aboard your easy-to-ride, three-wheeled Trikke, and zip between showstopper sights — from the UNESCO-listed Acropolis of Athens to the Panathenaic Stadium. Enjoy frequent stops to take photos, and benefit from the personalized commentary of your local guide.
Private Downtown Athens Tour
Admire the change of Evzones guards, stationed at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in front of the Greek Parliament. Stroll through the Greek National Gardens. Admire Zapeion Megaron, walk down Herodes Atticus road and see the Greek Presidential Residence. Continue to the Panathenaic Stadium and the Temple of Olympian Zeus the largest of the ancient Greek temples, one of the first to be conceived and the last to be completed. After a quick break for beverages our tour continues in the picturesque shaded streets of Plaka one of the most iconic areas of Athens. Discover the secrets of classical antiquities such as the Ancient circular Lysicrate's Monument. Your tour will finally take you to the vibrant Monastiraki area, where you will have the chance to get to know Hadrian's library, the Roman Forum and the Flea Market. Our tour ends at Monastiraki Metro Station where our guide will provide you a Parthenon Tours souvenir.
Walking Tour in Athens and Gourmet Greek Dinner
During this "delicious" tour we combine two of our greatest passions: The beautiful sites of Athens, the stories that unfold behind them and our love for Greek food as it evolved over the last 2500 years… Uncover with us untold stories and myths of some of Athens' most legendary sites and neighborhoods and find out what made them so unique and popular all these years. What makes Athens so unique as a city and why are people so "friendly"? Greek hospitality is known to all of us, not only in the smaller cities and islands but in Athens and her people too. Let us show you the best of Athens sites and people, find out a little more about Ancient Greeks' daily routine and compare it with a day in the life of a contemporary Athenian. This tour ends with an authentic Ancient Greek dinner where you will enjoy a three-course menu based on revived ancient Greek recipes… Put on your comfortable shoes, be inspired and become an ancient Greek for an hour or so…
Should I book Choragic Monument of Lysicrates tickets in advance?
We recommend booking e-tickets ahead of time to secure your spot since Choragic Monument of Lysicrates can get crowded. If you book with Viator, you can cancel at least 24 hours before the start date of your tour for a full refund.
How much does it cost to visit Choragic Monument of Lysicrates 2022?
Currently, an entrance ticket to Choragic Monument of Lysicrates costs USD 81.58. Guided Choragic Monument of Lysicrates tours start around USD 81.58 per person.
What''s the best way to experience Choragic Monument of Lysicrates?
The best ways to experience Choragic Monument of Lysicrates are:
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Arch of Hadrian
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Dora Stratou Greek Dances Theater
Temple of Olympian Zeus (Naós tou Olympíou Diós)
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Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Odeio Irodou Attikou)
Ilias Lalaounis Jewelry Museum
Erechtheion
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Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens (Mitropoli)
Agora of Athens
Recommended for Athens


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Requirements: Required if traveling from a country with risk of YFV transmission and ≥1 year of age, including transit >12 hours in an airport located in a country with risk of YFV transmission. 1
Recommended for all travelers ≥9 months of age except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travelers to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, and Medellín (see Map 3-23).
Not recommended for travelers whose itineraries are limited to all areas >2,300 m in elevation, the department of San Andrès y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogotá.
Areas with malaria: All areas <1,700 m (5,577 ft). None in Bogotá, Cartagena, and Medellín (see Map 3-24).
Estimated relative risk of malaria for US travelers: Low.
Drug resistance 4: Chloroquine.
Malaria species: P. falciparum 50%, P. vivax 50%.
Recommended chemoprophylaxis: Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine.
Map 3-23. Yellow fever vaccine recommendations in Colombia 1
1,2 See footnotes on Yellow Fever & Malaria Information, By Country.
Map 3-24. Malaria in Colombia


Smart scooter maker Niu filed a preliminary prospectus on Nasdaq Global Market seeking a $150 million IPO. Niu (小牛)—which considers itself an IoT and big data company—has shipped its app-powered electric scooters to more than 20 countries. The company is hoping to expand production and boost its R&D, according to the prospectus filed September 24.
"We can confirm that we publicly filed a registration statement on Form F-1 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Due to regulations in place, we're unable to comment further," a spokesperson told TechNode.
In June, the company was rumored to be considering an IPO of $300 million. The company did not yet disclose the pricing or the number of its shares. Credit Suisse and Citigroup are the two principal underwriters of Niu's IPO, while the sub-underwriter is Needham & Company.
While Mobike and ofo are competing to cover the last mile, Niu has set its eyes on covering the last 6 kilometers. Although the country has plenty of low-end e-bikes and e-scooters, Niu is hoping to offer a smart transportation solution for China's middle class in cities that have increasingly little space for cars.
Niu's app which connects users with their scooters now has 457,000 registered users. With onboard GPS and other sensors and processors, Niu collects data about every aspect of the bike: from location and velocity to battery levels and health.
Another co-founder of Niu was Huawei's youngest vice president and Baidu CTO Li Yinan who started the company in 2014. In June 2015, only two days after the first Niu scooter was launched, Li was arrested for insider trading. After serving his sentence, Li was released in March 2018 and has since become a partner at Plum Ventures. He has resigned from its role at Niu.
The company launched its last product in Paris in June. At the launch, Niu's CEO Liu Yan announced that, after three years of development, the company has become the world's largest and most popular two-wheeled smart electric vehicle company with 500 + sales outlets in China, stores in 150 cities, and 650+ outlets overseas in more than 20 countries.
The company made RMB 769.4 billion ($116.3 million) in 2017 with gross profit in pf RMB 54.7 million ($8.3 million). During the first six months of 2018, Niu's revenues reached 557.1 million yuan ($84.2 million) while gross profit was RMB 79.9 million ($12.1 million). Nasdaq's site was down for maintenance at the time of publication. These numbers were taken from second-hand sources. We will update if necessary once Nasdaq's site is back up.


how much cialis to pack keeps his YNM going strong, this week revealing a new freebie, dubbed "Smart Water." The track will not however appear on his forthcoming project that he is still currently working on. Regardless, the Chuck Strangers-produced cut features a somewhat old school sound with jazzy instrumentation. Check it out via the stream below as we await more from the Cali rapper's new work.


Listen to our segment on Spirit FM with our regional recruiter, Emily Moore, to learn more!
DePaul Community Resources announced the launch of a new campaign that seeks to identify homes for people with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities following the closure of Virginia's third training center. The closures are the result of an investigation conducted by the Department of Justice into the treatment of individuals with developmental disabilities.
DePaul's Campaign, "Embracing Everyday Life," is aimed at recruiting new "Sponsored Home Providers." This program carefully matches youth and adults with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities with DePaul certified homes, ensuring better outcomes and compassionate care in a home-based setting.
In 2012, after being found guilty of violating federal law of needlessly using restraints and warehousing developmentally and/or intellectually disabled people in institutions, Virginia entered into a 10-year, $2 billion settlement with the Department of Justice. The agreement outlined the closing of four of Virginia's five training centers that provided housing for the developmentally and/or intellectually disabled and stipulated the transition of those services to the community. The Southwest Virginia Training Center, which closed this past June, was the third facility to close. The fourth facility, the Central Virginia Training Center located in Lynchburg, is set to close in 2020.
Prior to those closures, there were more than 1,000 people housed in the five facilities. Only 75 open beds will remain at Southeastern Virginia Training Center in Chesapeake. As a result, the need is greater than ever to identify safe and loving home providers who are trained and approved to deliver support to individuals based on their specific needs, including 24-hour supervision, personal care, physical assistance, and life skills development.
The Department of Justice found that supporting people to live in non-institutional settings provides an enhanced quality of life at a lower cost than institutionalization. The average cost to institutionalize an individual with this type of disability is approximately $194,000 per year as compared to $74,000 per year to provide individual residence in a community setting (like sponsored or group homes).
Sponsored residential providers offer person-centered care that engages children and adults with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities as part of a family, rather than within the walls of an institution.
The process to becoming a sponsored residential provider is thorough and ensures that everyone involved can live their best lives: both the children and adults being served and prospective caregivers.
Interested in viewing the videos that accompany our Embracing Everyday Life campaign? Click here to view.
Enter your information below to learn more about Virginia's need for safe and healing homes for adults with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities.


I don't intend to create any confusion here, but the fact that the lattice nodes now lie at half integer positions means that any boundary aligned with the main lattice directions has effectively an integer position. So the implementation should now be able to generate stick boundary conditions at positions 0.0 and 32.0 in Wolfgang's example. The shift of the lattice nodes has the rather nice feature that the half-grid offset of boundaries can be hidden under the hood and, in my opinion, the lbboundary command should produce boundaries at integer positions as specified by the user.
Interpolating the velocity field between fluid and wall nodes does not make sense, since the velocity at a bounce-back node is ill-defined. To linear order, it could be extrapolated to -u where u is the velocity of the fluid node closest to the wall. This would generate a smooth extrapolation for Couette flow but not for Poiseuille. The location of the boundary at half-grid spacing holds for both though.
So I'd suggest to revisit the implementation such that in the example the wall nodes lie at y=-0.5 and y=32.5, and the zero-velocity is located effectively at y=0.0 and y=32.0. If the user specifies a non-integer position, there is a choice to put the wall location to ceil() or floor(), possibly depending on the orientation of the wall. In this case, multi-reflection BCs would be better anyway.
a regular fluid node the hydrodynamic boundary is, to first order, at 1.
new version by the way).
3.0), it will result in two effective boundaries at y~0.5 and y~31.5.
means that y=0 is no boundary node.
for Espresso 3.1, so am I missing something?


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Cognizant Acquires Custom Software Developer Tin Roof
Cognizant acquires Tin Roof Software for custom software development & DevOps expertise. Tin Roof will tuck into Cognizant Softvision business.
by Ty Trumbull • Aug 25, 2020
Global IT consulting firm Cognizant is acquiring Atlanta, Georgia's Tin Roof Software for an undisclosed amount.
This is M&A deal 338 that ChannelE2E has covered so far in 2020. See the full M&A deal list here.
Privately held Tin Roof offers custom software and digital product development services. The acquisition will expand Cognizant's software product engineering footprint in the United States and connect Tin Roof's experts with Cognizant's broader global software development capabilities, the buyer asserts.
Tin Roof offers software design, development, DevOps, and delivery services for Fortune 500 customers and clients across numerous vertical markets.
Cognizant Acquires Tin Roof Software: Executive Insight
Malcolm Frank, President, Digital Business, Cognizant
Malcolm Frank, president, digital business, Cognizant, commented:
"To compete effectively, clients are replacing traditional application development with digital engineering to build leading-edge, consumer-grade experiences and infuse software into their products, services, and customer experiences. Cognizant is investing to compete and win in digital engineering, one of our strategic priorities. Tin Roof's exceptional software product development and agile teams share our philosophy of customer-centricity and will strengthen our network of engineering talent in the U.S. We look forward to welcoming Tin Roof's software product engineering experts to Cognizant."
Daniel Gore, president and chief executive officer, Tin Roof Software, added:
"Delivering strategic, innovative solutions that drive tangible business outcomes is at the heart of our success. We look forward to our software product engineering experts joining Cognizant Softvision and connecting to Cognizant's global delivery model, complementing Cognizant's deep expertise in artificial intelligence, data, Internet of Things, cloud, and interactive experience."
Tin Roof has operations in Atlanta, Georgia and Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas. Once the deal is finalized, Tin Roof's workers will join Cognizant Softvision. In 2018, Cognizant acquired Austin, Texas-based Softvision, a digital products developer. Cognizant Softvision has studios in Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, Mexico, Romania, and the United States.
Cognizant's M&A Plays
This is Cognizant's sixth acquisition of 2020. The other deals involved buying:
July 2020: New Signature, a Microsoft Azure Expert MSP.
May 2020: Workday SaaS partner Collaborative Solutions.
March 2020: Salesforce cloud partner Lev.
February 2020: Code Zero for cloud-based CPQ and billing consulting.
February 2020: Salesforce partner El Technologies.
MSP 200: Top 200 Public Cloud MSPs for AWS, Microsoft Azure & Google
Partners of the Year: Global List
Technology Mergers and Acquisitions: Deal List
Guest Blogs on ChannelE2E


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Jun2010 27 February, 2020
IES BUG Ratings
Cutoff is dead. Long live Cutoff. Most lighting designers are somewhat familiar with the Cutoff classification system for fixtures. It's a measure of how well an area or roadway luminaire controls its output, preventing glare from high-angle brightness and wasted polluting light that goes directly up into the atmosphere.
Well. The Illumination Engineering Society (IES) recently deprecated the familiar Full Cutoff/Cutoff/Semi-Cutoff/Non-Cutoff system in favor of BUG ratings. And what, you may ask, in entomological hell are BUG ratings? The Backlight-Uplight-Glare rating is a set of three numbers which describe how well a fixture controls and directs the light it emits. It provides a more granular classification of a fixtures performance, correctly scales for LED luminaires that use absolute photometry, and in conjunction with the forthcoming Model Lighting Ordinance addresses excessive lumen packages. Very exciting, but we'll first look at some examples to explain the motivation for the change.
A Review of prior art: The basic idea of the Cutoff classification is that for a given lamp lumen output, the fixture should not emit excessive candela above a certain threshold in the upper angles. Cutoff attempts to address uplight (light pollution) and high angle brightness (glare) within a single classification. For example, in order to be Cutoff, the fixture would have to emit no more than 25 candela per 1000 lamp lumens above the horizontal line (uplight), and no more than 100 candela per 1000 lamp lumens between 80 degrees and horizontal (glare).
Let's get into the weeds: Recall that candela is a spot measurement of luminous intensity in a given direction, whereas the lumen is a measurement of luminous flux over a given section of a sphere around the source. In calculus terms, lumens are derived by integrating ('summing') the candela value function over the angular domain we are interested in. So we have here a ratio between the maximum allowable spot intensity and the total lighting output of the lamp. The advantage of using a ratio like this is that it scales for different lamp wattages, so that the same fixture will have the same cutoff classification for a 150W lamp as a 250W lamp, as the ratio between the spot intensity at 90 degrees (candela) and the total output of the lamp (lumens) is the same.
Still with me? Here are the four Cutoff classifications, and an example of each:
Full Cutoff: A luminaire light distribution where zero candela intensity occurs at an angle of 90° above nadir, and at all greater angles from nadir. Additionally, the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 100 (10%) at vertical angle of 80° above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire.1 For our example, we'll use the Kim Lighting Warp9 with 250W PSMH lamp and type III distribution. The part number would be something along the lines of WP9LE3-250PMH(Volt)-(Finish)-1A.
The Kim Lighting Warp9, a full-cutoff luminaire
Lamp lumens (as shown in IES file): 22,000 2
Max candela above 90 degrees: 0
Candela per 1000 lumens above 90: 0 / 22,000 = 0 / 1000, which is ≤ the required 0 candela / 1000 lumens
Max candela between 80 and 90 degrees: 1143
Candela per lumens between 80 and 90: 1143 / 22,000 = 52 / 1000, which is ≤ 100 candela / 1000 lumens
So this fixture has a classification of Full Cutoff. Full roadway photometric report may be downloaded here.
Cutoff: A luminaire light distribution where the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 25 (2.5%) at an angle of 90° above nadir, and 100 (10%) at a vertical angle of 80° above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire. The new Louis Poulsen LP Nest is an excellent example of this, with a configured part number for this example of LPNEST-PT-1x70W HIT G12 HF-(Finish)-(Class).
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Lamp lumens (as shown in IES file): 6288
Candela per 1000 lumens above 90: 8 / 6288 = 1.3 / 1000, which is ≤ the required 25 candela / 1000 lumens
Candela per lumens between 80 and 90: 134 / 6288 = 21 / 1000, which is ≤ 100 candela / 1000 lumens
So this fixture has a classification of Cutoff. Full roadway photometric report may be downloaded here.
Semi-Cutoff: A luminaire light distribution where the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 50 (5%) at an angle of 90° above nadir, and 200 (20%) at a vertical angle of 80° above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the luminaire. For an example of this, we'll use the Architectural Area Lighting Federal Globe. I'm not a big fan of acorn style luminaires generally, because I think they look stupid, but if you have to use one the AAL version has best-in-class optical control. Configured part number FGL-SGL-CCO-150PSMH-ASY.
Lamp lumens (as shown in IES file): 14,000
Max candela above 90 degrees: 282
Candela per 1000 lumens above 90: 282 / 14000 = 20.1 / 1000, which is ≤ the required 50 candela / 1000 lumens
Max candela between 80 and 90 degrees: 615
Candela per lumens between 80 and 90: 615 / 14000 = 44 / 1000, which is ≤ 200 candela / 1000 lumens
So this fixture has a classification of Semi-Cutoff. Full roadway photometric report may be downloaded here.
Non-Cutoff: A luminaire light distribution where there is no candela limitation in the zone above maximum candela. There are any number of fixtures that fail to be Full/Semi/Cutoff in uninteresting ways, by having poor optics. But as a nice segue into talking about BUG ratings, let's take an example that fails in an interesting way:
This is the Beta Edge, configured part number ARE-EDG-3M-DA-12-C-(VOLT)-(Finish). I chose this fixture because it's about a 1:1 equivalent for most applications to the Full-Cutoff Warp9 HID used in the first example. The zonal lumen summaries are nearly identical, and show good optical control in the 80-90 degree zone, and no lumens above the 90 degree line. If you want to take a look at the these templates I made for the Warp9 and Edge, you'll see that they show equivalent spacing (for a standard parking lot with a .2fc minimum). The Edge fixture is even approved by the International Dark Sky Association (IDA) as being particularly dark-sky friendly. So what's the deal?
Once More into the Weeds: The two fixtures perform so differently on the cutoff classification because the IES files that contain their photometric data are structured fundamentally differently. For many years, we've used what's called relative photometry, which uses the product of the lamp lumen output and a matrix of multipliers to derive the candela values in any given direction. This allows you to easily adjust the input lumens to account for different lamp options, such as when the photometrics were run with a 32W T8 and you want to use a 25W super-saver T8.
The problem comes in applying this paradigm to LEDs, wherein the source diode and optical assembly are typically integral—there's no easy way to separate out the lumen output of the source and the multipliers to derive the candela values. Also, some less-reputable LED manufacturers were playing all sorts of cute games with the input lumens to make their fixtures appear to perform better—the specification lumens given by the diode manufacturer are not representative of the real-world output.
LM-79: Recognizing these problems, in 2008 the IES released document LM-79, "Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products." Instead of measuring the photometrics relative to a reference lamp, the candela values for LED fixtures are 'baked in' to the matrix multipliers. This is an entirely sensible innovation, but it plays havoc with the Cutoff system. Not having a reference lumen value of the lamp to compare to, the candela ratio is done relative to the total fixture output lumens, and as such we end up with:
Luminaire lumens: 9892
Candela per 1000 lumens above 90: 0 / 9892 = 0 / 1000, which is ≤ the required 0 candela / 1000 lumens
Candela per lumens between 80 and 90: 2104 / 9892 = 211 / 1000, which is ≥ 200 candela / 1000 lumens
And so we end up with a designation of Non-Cutoff, when really this fixture has a very dark-sky friendly profile.
But here's the real problem. The IES could have re-scaled the Cutoff system relative to total fixture lumens, which would have presented relative and absolute photometries on equal footing. But what the Cutoff system doesn't address is proper lamp lumen selection relative to the application. Putting a 250W lamp on a 12′ pole is going to be a glare bomb whatever the Cutoff classification of the fixture, and a parking lot full of 250W lamps is going to cause sky glow in a rural area, whatever the pole height.
Consider our first and third examples, the Kim Warp9 at 250W and the AAL Federal Globe at 150W. Let's assume that all of the downlight out of the fixture falls on concrete with a reflectance of 10%. The Warp9 is emitting 16783 lumens in the downward direction, but 10% of that is going to be reflected up into the atmosphere, for 1678 upward lumens. The Semi-Cutoff FG has an upward component of 1259 lumens plus 4255 * .10 reflected lumens for 1301 lumens emitted into the atmosphere, less than the Full Cutoff Warp9. And don't even get me started on the retail sites that put up 400W heads because they think it'll sell more washing machines or whatever.
Hence, the BUG: In the original TM-15-07: "Luminaire Classification System for Outdoor Luminaires" (a real page-turner, yech), the sphere of output around the fixture was divided into:
Front: between nadir and 90° vertically, and -90° to 90° horizontally (where the fixture is aligned to 0°).
Back: between nadir and 90° vertically, and 90° to -90° horizontally.
Up: anything above 80° vertically.
The Front and back zones were further divided into:
Low: nadir to 30° vertical.
Middle: 30° to 60° vertical.
High: 60° to 80° vertical.
Very High: 80° to 90° vertical.
Whereas the uplight zone is divided into:
Low: 90° to 100° vertical.
High: above 100° vertical.
Here is a graphic that will make this clear:
Rather than using a ratio to limit the maximum spot candela to input lamp lumens, BUG is based on the absolute fixture output lumens within a given set of zones. For example, for the backlight zones:
A fixtures Backlight rating is determined by the highest (worst) classification in each of the zones. For the Beta LED fixture in the example above, we have:
BH – Back-High (60°-80°): 1212.8 < 2500 lumens, so B3
BM – Back-Medium (30°-60°): 1835.4 < 2500 lumens, so B2
BL – Back-Low (0°-30°): 375.1 < 500 lumens, so B1
The overall backlight rating for the fixture is the worst of the three scores, B3 (this fixture is available with an optional backlight shield which would reduce this value considerably).
The classification tables for Uplight and Glare are as follows:
Then the Uplight rating is:
UH – Uplight-High (100°-180°): 0.0 ≤ 0 lumens, so U0
UL – Uplight-Low (90°-100°): 0.0 ≤ 0 lumens, so U0
so the Uplight rating is U0. For the glare ratings,
FVH – Front-Very High (80°-90°): 196.8 < 250, so G1
BVH – Back-Very High (80°-90°): 36.2 < 250, so G1
FH – Front-High (60°-80°): 2787.4 < 5000, so G2
BH – Back-High (60°-80°): 1212.8 < 2500, so G3
Then the glare rating is G3, for a total rating of B3-U0-G3.
What about Type V? The Glare component values are slightly different for fixtures with a symmetric distribution, as these do not have a Backlight component per se. For the record, a symmetrical fixture is defined as:
A Type V luminaire is one with a distribution that has circular symmetry, defined by the IESNA as being essentially the same at all lateral angles around the luminaire.
A Type VS luminaire is one where the zonal lumens for each of the eight horizontal octants (0-45, 45-90, 90-135, 135-180, 180-225, 225-270, 270-315, 315-360) are within ±10 percent of the average zonal lumens of all octants.3
Symmetric fixtures use glare ratings from the following table of values, and while the Backlight component is still calculated, it is obviously identical to any other 180° section of horizontal output.
The Bug ratings for all four fixtures are:
Kim Warp9 250W: B3-U0-G3
Poulsen LP Nest 70W: B1-U2-G1
AAL Federal Globe 150W: B2-U5-G2
Beta Edge 120LED: B3-U0-G3
Note: Since this post was published, the IES has published Appendix A to TM-15-07, which changes the values for the uplight table. Previously, the frontlight-very-high (FVH) and backlight-very-high (BVH) angles contributed to the Uplight score, even though they are below horizontal. I've revised these calculations to reflect the new values, although some of the downloads may show the old ratings.
In the future there will be the Robot Armageddon, and also the Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO): The International Dark Sky Association has begun work on model code for municipalities, which would attempt to better curtail light pollution and trespass from fixtures with poor output control and inappropriately high wattages. The MLO is currently being revised following a period of public comment, and the latest work-in-progress draft of '60%' provides the option of two approaches to compliance, a prescriptive approach based on lumens per square foot, and a performance approach that relies on BUG ratings. The latter works as follows:
The municipality or parts within it are declared as one of the five lighting zones, LZ0, LZ1, LZ2, LZ3, or LZ4. These zones will be familiar to anyone who has dealt with a LEED or California Title 24 project, as they are incorporated into those standards, but here they are if you need a refresher:
LZ0: No ambient lighting. Areas where the natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected by lighting. Impacts include disturbing the biological cycles of flora and fauna and/or detracting from human enjoyment and appreciation of the natural environment. Human activity is subordinate in importance to nature. The vision of human residents and users is adapted to the total darkness, and they expect to see little or no lighting. When not needed, lighting should be extinguished.
LZ1: Low ambient lighting. Areas where lighting might adversely affect flora and fauna or disturb the character of the area. The vision of human residents and users is adapted to low light levels. Lighting may be used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or continuous. After curfew, most lighting should be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline.
LZ2: Moderate ambient lighting. Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderate light levels. Lighting may typically be used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline.
LZ3: Moderately high ambient lighting. Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderately high light levels. Lighting is generally desired for safety, security and/or convenience and it is often uniform and/or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced in most areas as activity levels decline.
LZ4: High ambient lighting. Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to high light levels. Lighting is generally considered necessary for safety, security and/or convenience and it is mostly uniform and/or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced in some areas as activity levels decline.4
The maximum allowable BUG ratings are a function of the Lighting Zone and the distance to the property line, as shown in the following table:
This can be a little hard to visualize, so here is a graphic for LZ2:
Conclusion, and Remarks: I think this is a generally sensible approach, although it seems like they could consolidate a few rows from the Backlight table, e.g. the maximum ratings between .5 and 1 MH and 1 to 2 MH are only different for zone LZ4, and there are currently exactly zero LZ4s in California. Adoption of this code would be a very different approach from that taken by most municipalities currently, in which minimum site footcandle levels are set (often much higher than needed for visibility and security), and glare, uplight, and trespass are addressed imprecisely or not at all.
Compliance is much easier when every municipality is not re-inventing the wheel. Title 24, while a challenging energy efficiency standard to meet, is at least the same on every job. Where compliance becomes difficult and time-consuming is when I have to spend hours familiarizing myself with the particular zoning requirements of Catbutt, Wyoming or whatever. Wholesale adoption of the MLO has the potential standardize the approach to site lighting, and standardize it to a better standard than exists currently.
Hey by the way: I'm considering writing more posts along these lines because there isn't a lot out there that goes in depth on these issues. If this was helpful for you or there is a particular issue you'd like covered, drop me a line in the comments and let me know!
1. All cutoff definitions from the IES Lighting Handbook, 9th edition, p. 7-8.
2. All photometric calculations generated via Photometric Toolbox v1.75, the latest version at the time of posting.
3. Addendum A to IES TM-15-07, Backlight, Uplight, and Glare (BUG) Ratings
4. IESNA RP-33, Lighting for Exterior Environments
Lighting_Engineer says:
5 May, 2015 at 2:15 pm
Very helpful article.
Question: If a fixture has minimal uplight, like U0 thru U2, that will result in a low veiling luminance ratio, correct?
I also read here:https://www.agi32.com/Downloads/TechnicalDocs/Classifying%20Outdoor%20Luminaires%20-%20The%20Limits%20of%20BUG%20(12-08-17).pdf
That a U0 is actually impossible to attain, and it is a judgement call by the lab technician.
Hmm, I suppose in a roadway application most of the source of the veiling glare would be in the angles just below horizontal, which would be better captured by the Glare number, not the Uplight number?
It's definitely not impossible to attain a U0 rating, e.g. the Beta (now Cree) Edge series, which has U0 for all wattages. I use them as an example merely because they have the BUG ratings right on the cutsheet. Laziness, not an endorsement ;) But that article does raise some interesting criticisms of the system.
john t hill says:
A few quibbles:
.The way that I read this, your example of "semi-cutoff" would actually meet the requirement of "cutoff" (just barely).


text:
Posted inAuto, Latest News, Sports, State of Maryland
Harley-Davidson history, Drag Racing
by Staff July 25, 2018 July 25, 2018
The first sanctioned drag race took place between two stripped-down Fords on a length of road near Goleta, California in 1949. Not long after, motorcycles were screaming down narrow strips of pavement in parking lots or on airport runways rented for the weekend's races where cars raced cars, motorcycles raced motorcycles, and, more often than not, cars raced motorcycles.
Harley-Davidson®motorcycles, altered by ingenious young mechanics, made an early mark on the sport. On Sundays in 1950, people would gather at the only drag strip in California and watch the races. Run on a little used runway at the Santa Ana airport, the fastest car clocked in at 120 MPH. The fastest motorcycle, a modified 1947 Harley-Davidson EL nicknamed "the Beast," topped 121 MPH.
While cars would quickly eclipse motorcycles in the sport, during the sport's early days motorcycles had the edge. The quarter-mile distance cars and motorcycles raced meant that acceleration, not top-end speed was the key to winning. A lighter-weight motorcycle could produce more acceleration (especially when its gas tank was filled with a gasoline and nitromethane mixture) than a heavier car.
By 1958, drag racing had spread across the country. Drag strips could be found in cities and small towns alike, from east coast to west. That year Harley-Davidson released an engine that became one of the most important in the history of the sport. Sportster XLCH motorcycle engines became the go-to engine of choice for many aspiring and celebrated racers alike. In the hands of talented builders such as Leo Payne and Tom Reiser, dragsters powered by the high-compression engine were formidable machines. Elapsed times – the amount of time that passed between a bike leaving the starting line and crossing the finish line – tumbled to Harley-Davidson-powered machines with colorful sobriquets such as "Turnip Eater" and "Super Sportster."
In 1971, Joe "Granddaddy" Smith's Shovelhead-powered "King Rat" dragster posted a run under nine seconds. That decade, Smith also became possibly the first drag racer directly sponsored by Harley-Davidson Motor Company. Before then, Smith and many others had largely been supported by local dealers.
The fortunes of drag motorcycles powered with Harley-Davidson engines had their ups and downs over the next three decades, but that all changed with the introduction of the Harley-Davidson®Screamin' Eagle / Vance & Hines team, but that's a story for another day.
Tagged: mechanicsville md, somd auto, somd drag racing, somd news, southern maryland auto, southern maryland drag racing, southern maryland news


With outdoor living projects on the rise, DANVER is proud to be an industry trendsetter and major contributor for the past ten years. We have seen with our years of experience, sales and daily interactions, that the principal trend in upscale outdoor living is moving beyond just building an outdoor kitchen toward creating a complete outdoor living and area where the kitchen is one component.
During the first half of 2010, we noticed a major shift in outdoor kitchen design. The transition consisted of a change from the traditional BBQ island or masonry kitchen island to modular cabinets, either inside a three-sided surround, made of a stone, brick, or framed stucco, or completely stand-alone. Increasingly, these kitchens are being made with custom finishes to really look like indoor cabinetry, but able to withstand all the elements.
The force behind this growing trend is twofold. First, homeowners are seeking a fully functional kitchen, which is not easily accomplished with masonry islands. The islands typically have cutouts for the appliances (grills, side burners and refrigerators), access doors and small drawer inserts. The access doors typically lead to an unusable black hole and the drawers tend to be too small for real storage. In the past year, we have seen a substantial increase in designs that started as BBQ Islands and morphed into fully functional outdoor kitchens utilizing space via storage cabinetry. In many cases, these homeowners and their contractors were simply not aware of cabinetry as an option or the door styles, colors and finishes available on the cabinets.
The builder/remodeler is the other major force. Builders realize the cost of modular cabinetry is very similar to the labor and material costs to build a BBQ or masonry kitchen island. The more stone work involved, the more work for the contractor. With modular cabinetry and a stone surround, the crews can quickly finish an installation and move on to the next project so the cost is close for the homeowner but they get a superior product in looks and functionality.
The kitchen is still the focal point of any outdoor design, but the layout and materials are becoming increasingly more sophisticated and complex. Outdoor living spaces are now given as much detail, budget and design as indoor kitchens and living rooms. Outdoor kitchens should also serve multiple purposes. When designing an outdoor kitchen, always consider the flow of the area, especially if the backyard includes a pool. From layout, to size, to door styles–every little detail should be taken into consideration to help make your outdoor living area a creative, warm and inviting space to entertain family and friends.
Contributing to the Leisure Industry's 15% to 17% annual growth is the creative freedom architects and designers are enjoying by offering realistic wood grain and designer color powder coat finishes. With the durability of stainless steel cabinetry at their base, Danver's high-quality, no-maintenance powder coat finishes offer the perfect choice for the discriminating homeowner. Production and technical advances in outdoor furniture, floor and wall coverings and electronics also help make outdoor kitchens more like "outdoor rooms" thus creating a need for cabinetry that requires a painted or wood grain appearance. Over the past three years, Danver outdoor kitchen sales incorporating powder coat or wood grain finishes have grown from about 10% to over 30%! So whether you are a homeowner, designer or builder, keep this alternative in mind.
There are many things to consider when planning to build your outdoor kitchen. We can help with any questions you have!


The theoretical system of Karl Marx; in the light of recent criticism.
Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company, . Hardcover. 286p., paper slightly browned, original blue cloth binding worn and frayed. "[A]n important contribution to the orthodox side of the orthodox-revisionist controversy in Marxian theory." *Egbert p. 150. Also replies to Bîhm-Bawerk's criticisms.	More about The theoretical system of Karl Marx; in the light of recent criticism.
Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company, 1915. 286p., spine soiled and dim, front hinge cracked, fair copy only. First published 1907. "[A]n important contribution to the orthodox side of the orthodox-revisionist controversy in Marxian theory." *Egbert p. 150. Also replies to Bohm-Bawerk's criticisms.	More about The theoretical system of Karl Marx; in the light of recent criticism.
Debs: his life, writings and speeches. With a department of appreciations. Third edition, with new introduction by Mary E. Marcy.
Some of the philosophical essays on socialism and science, religion, ethics, critique-of-reason and the world-at-large. Translated by M. Beer and Th. Rothstein, with a biographical sketch and some introductory remarks by Eugene Dietzgen: translated by Ernest Untermann. Edited by Eugene Dietzgen and Joseph Dietzgen, Jr.
The socialization of humanity. An anaylsis and synthesis of the phenomena of nature, life, mind and society through the law of repetition.


text:
M(Res.)Taught MA course
Student Views
CIRCL Japan – English
CIRCL Japan – Japanese
Film, TV, Radio Options Module Reading List
MA Reading Lists and Course Descriptions
Prospective applicants please note: do see for further information on how and why to apply to the M(Res.) in Children's Literature at the University of Reading the CIRCL web-page on how to apply.
'Children's Film, Television, Radio' Reading List
This module aims to examine a range of texts from electronic media – film, radio, and television, while raising questions about how to interpret and analyse such texts. Further, critical works are analysed to see how they define and approach electronic texts, and to consider assumptions they may make about differences in approach to film, radio, television, and 'book texts'. The implications of these discussions may also be extended to thinking about 'new media' (computer games and so on).
Students' Views
My one year's visit in CIRCL is the most rewarding academic experience that I have ever had. I found the [M(Res.)] seminars very stimulating. With "positive reinforcement", all the participants are encouraged and involved. I am always encouraged and inspired by the discussions that were held in the seminars, which are though-provoking and very interactive, heated sometimes yet always in a very pleasant and harmonious atmosphere. I am greatly indebted to Karin, Neil and Sue for their wonder...
JIANG Jianli (Tina), Associate Professor, Qingdao Technological University, China, CIRCL Academic Visiting Fellow 2016-17
Click on this text to read an interview with Professor So Jin Park about her experiences as a student on the MA (now M(Res)) in Children's Literature.
Professor So Jin Park, CIRCL MA
'Intriguing. Challenging. Opens up a whole new world for me. Would recommend the course to anyone who seeks unique ideas and inspiration, especially for the PhD level. All the staff are very helpful and supportive.'
Pancharle ('Andy') Thongpanich, CIRCL MA 2011-12
'This whole year has been an exercise in learning how to think in new and different ways. I can't imagine ever finding any program quite like it and I'm glad to have taken part in it.'
Charlotte Randall, CIRCL MA 2015-16
'With great support from the tutors and friends I have had a wonderful year in exploring and reconsidering the way I have been thinking all my life. In many ways it is my personal journey during which I have learnt a lot, not only about how to (or not to) find an answer but also about how to raise a question. As an international student I would like to say that the MA is very challenging, yet very liberating.'
Sireethorn (Pam) Simawathna, CIRCL MA 2012-13
'I gained much more than I had expected from the MA. The course was not just about children's literature; it led me to reconsider the way I read, think, and argue. It prepared me for my PhD research and had an influence on my whole life. I can sincerely say that the MA in Children's Literature at Reading is worth attending, even if you need to travel all the way from the other side of the earth (which is more or less what I did, as an international student).'
Yuko Ashitagawa, CIRCL MA 2001-2, CIRCL PhD 2002-5
'The Children's Literature MA has aided my development of extensive academic skills and has introduced me to complex and fascinating theoretical approaches, which can be used to question supposedly obvious or accepted ideas encountered not just in Children's Literature but across all types of literature. However, I also feel the MA has provided me with some essential skills including problem-identifying and solving by working out the implications and effects of the claims made by others, ...
Gemma Budd, CIRCL MA 2010-11
'Be prepared to completely challenge the way you think about interpreting texts and media'; 'take this course if you want to go for a doctorate and actually do something original ... there's no program like it in the States.'
American student, CIRCL MA 2009-10
'After a first term I felt the benefits of the [CIRCL] approach in all areas, not just academically, and at the close of [the taught part of the MA] am excited to continue my learning into my dissertation and take the approach into my next steps, in a career and personal sense.'
Lisa Stallard, CIRCL MA 2011-12
'The Children's Literature Masters has been really enjoyable, I loved revisting old childhood favourites and viewing them from a new perspective as well as discovering new authors, critics and opinions on children's literature.'
Sue Lee, CIRCL MA 2012-13
The [M(Res)] seminars I attended in CIRCL during my one year's visit are always inspiring and profound, which have greatly improved my research skills and changed my mindset for doing research in children's literature. The seminars taught me to find the perspectives in the text we analysed and develop my own judgment, which is the most challenging yet most rewarding thing in doing research. From my own experience as a teacher, such seminars are most effective in forging critical and indepe...
XU Derong (David), Associate Professor, Ocean University of China, CIRCL Academic Visiting Fellow, 2016-17
'The MA is like choosing the red pill in the film the Matrix - because you can't look at the world the same way after taking the course!'
Zoe Roxon, CIRCL MA 2010-11
'Studying the Children's Literature MA at Reading was a hugely challenging and rewarding experience for me. When I began the course I had no idea how much my own thinking, reading and argument would develop, so much so that by the end I considered continuing with a PhD. A year after completing the MA I won University Studentship funding to undertake a PhD at CIRCL. I would recommend the Children's Literature MA to anybody who wishes to develop their critical thinking in any subject area, n...
Helen Ainslie, CIRCL MA 2004-5, CIRCL PhD 2006-9
"I thoroughly enjoyed the course. Always challenging, the course approached and encouraged me to deal with many issues in a rigorously academic way. The work on the course was always innovative and now I can see how the course changed the way I can think about problems and solutions in both academic and non-academic contexts. I would recommend this course to anyone who wants to deal with their own and other's assumptions in a thoughtful and explorative way."
Christopher Johnson, CIRCL MA 2015-2016
Click on this text to read an interview with Dr Kia Michalopoulou about her experiences of the MA(Res) in Children's Literature and the CIRCL PhD.
Dr Evdokia (Kia) Michalopoulou, CIRCL MA, CIRCL PhD
'The Children's Literature Masters has been really enjoyable, I loved revisiting old childhood favourites and viewing them from a new perspective as well as discovering new authors, critics and opinions on children's literature.'
Ellie Hunt, CIRCL MA 2009-10
'I know that I would never have thought of undertaking a PhD without undertaking my MA in CIRCL.'
Sara Zadrozny (then: Sara Broad), CIRCL MA 2003-4
"My masters with CIRCL has increased my confidence and my critical thinking skills monumentally. At the conclusion of this course and with the support of the lecturers and my course mates I now work for an academic publisher in a senior role of Marketing Manager. Not only is CIRCL an academic challenge, but it is also a community, as a part time student I have been able to meet two cohorts of students, both of which have had incredible, individual and inspiring individuals within. The cour...
Katy Corderoy, MA 2017-19
'The Reading MA in Children's Literature was a stimulating and thoroughly enjoyable experience for me. The course is intellectually demanding and wide-ranging in its approach to the field of children's literature and its cultural context. Though it focuses on the child in literature it is not restrictive. Many of the issues raised during the course of study are pertinent to all kinds of literature. There are ample opportunities for students to engage in discussion and to make their own con...
Hilary Fraser, CIRCL MA 1999-2000, CIRCL PhD 2009
'My undergraduate degree was English Literature with Education Studies at the University of Cambridge and as part of that course I took a module in Children's Literature and absolutely loved it. I therefore decided to research MA courses so that I could further develop my interest. I was advised by my tutors at Cambridge that the most rigorous course was the one offered by the University of Reading and I was thrilled to be offered a place. During the MA the tutors were friendly and support...
Hannah Smith (now: Anglin-Jaffe), CIRCL MA 2001-2, CIRCL PhD 2005
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I can't believe how the time has flown. It seems like mere moments ago that I was running into the bedroom at 3:30 in the morning asking Chuck if I had read the test right (yes, 3:30…don't ask) now I'm 36 weeks along and sitting at home surrounded by a vast amount of presents bought in love for little Hila Fay (although if she keeps growing at her rate of a pound a week she won't be little for long!).
The afternoon went absolutely splendidly! The ladies from our church, Fair Oaks Baptist, and several from Pine Tree Baptist got together to host the event. The fellowship hall was immersed in pinks, greens, and camo's and the cake, punch, and finger foods looked as if they came from a perfect party poster. Around thirty women, girls, and tots gathered round to laugh, ohhhhh and awwww over the precious presents. Chuck and I couldn't be more tickled with the end result than we are. We were blessed with blankets (both store bought and home-made) and onsies, diapers and wipes, and tons and tons of pink outfits. I'm pretty sure it's going to take me nigh on a year and a half to put away everything.


Sunday seems to be heavy rain at times. Griffin Park, United Kingdom visibility is going to be around 18 km i.e. 11 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1023 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 16 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 7 °c at night. We expect around 1.3 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 61% of the sky, the humidity will be around 67%.
Looking at the weather in Griffin Park, United Kingdom over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 20℃ (or 67℉) on Wednesday 1st May at around 3 pm. In the same week the minimum temperature will be 7℃ (or 44℉) on Sunday 28th April at around 6 am.
The national weather service for Griffin Park, United Kingdom is reporting Saturday 27th April to be the wettest day in the coming week with around 4.80mm (or 0.2 inches) of rainfall. Make sure to carry an umbrella if you are out and about in Griffin Park, United Kingdom.
Please also visit Griffin Park Historical Weather, Text Weather and Weather Charts pages. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc. in graphical mode for next 14 days. We hope you like it.


text:
World News in Brief: May 3
thamnguyen99
A Pakistani soldier stands guard on a road during a lockdown to control the spread of COVID-19 in Lahore, Pakistan, on May 2, 2021. Pakistan is struggling to contain the third wave of COVID-19. (Photo: Xinhua)
The World Health Organization expects to release its assessments for emergency use listing of the two main Chinese vaccines for COVID-19 as well as the Moderna shot by the end of next week, WHO Assistant Director-General Mariangela Simao said.
* More than 275.34 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered across China as of Sunday, the National Health Commission said Monday.
* Moderna will supply 34 million doses of its COVID-19 vaccine this year and Sweden has donated 1 million AstraZeneca shots to the global COVAX programme, a small boost as it struggles to get stocks to inoculate the world's poorest people.
* Malaysia will begin a parallel COVID-19 innoculation programme this week for people who chose to receive the AstraZeneca vaccine, after it was removed from an ongoing rollout due to public fears over its safety, a minister said on Monday.
* The United States has administered 245,591,469 doses of COVID-19 vaccines in the country as of Sunday morning, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Sunday. A total of 243,463,471 vaccine doses had been administered by May 1, the CDC said.
* Argentina coronavirus cases hit 3 million on Sunday since the pandemic began, as medical workers said hospitals were full to capacity despite toughened government measures to bring down the spread of infections.
* A single dose of Pfizer's coronavirus vaccine may not generate a sufficient immune response to protect against dominant new variants, except in people who have already been infected with COVID-19, according to a UK study.
* The European Union summoned Russia's ambassador to the bloc on Monday to condemn Moscow's decision to bar eight officials from entering the country, which the Kremlin said was in retaliation for sanctions imposed on Russian citizens by the EU.
* The United States and the Republic of Korea on Monday reaffirmed their alliance and its role in Indo-Pacific security, a US spokesman said after a meeting in London between US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and the ROK's Chung Eui-Yong.
* Japan's western prefecture of Osaka confirmed a record daily total of 1,262 new coronavirus cases on Saturday, along with 41 deaths, national broadcaster NHK reported.
* Thailand on Monday reported a new daily record of 31 coronavirus deaths, the health ministry said, as the Southeast Asian country grapples with a third wave of infections.
* US President Joe Biden is expected to impose new travel restrictions on India starting Tuesday, barring most non-US citizens from entering the United States, a White House official told Reuters.
* The number of confirmed coronavirus cases in Germany increased by 9,160 to 3,425,982, data from the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) for infectious diseases showed on Monday.
* All people in France aged 18 and over will be able to get COVID-19 vaccines from June 15 onwards.
* Republic of Korea launched an electronic travel authorization (ETA) program Monday for some countries, with which Seoul has reached agreements on visa waiver, the justice ministry said.
* Canada reported 7,145 new cases of COVID-19 Sunday, bringing the cumulative total to 1,234,181 cases, including 24,300 deaths, according to CTV. Coronavirus variants now make up the majority of Canada's new COVID-19 cases, Theresa Tam, Canada's chief public health officer, said on Sunday.
* Spain is extending the gap between the first and second doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine to 16 weeks for people aged under 60, going beyond the 12-week maximum interval approved by European authorities.
* Ukraine has signed a contract with Pfizer for an additional 10 million doses of its coronavirus vaccine, brining the total number of doses to 20 million, President Volodymyr Zelenskiy's office said on Saturday.
* The Sri Lankan government has informed all operating airlines to bring in a maximum of 75 passengers from one flight into the island country following a sharp rise in the number of new COVID-19 patients, local media reported Monday.
Reuters, Xinhua
Three million Moderna vaccine doses to arrive in Vietnam this week
659 900 More AstraZeneca Vaccines Doses Arrive In Ho Chi Minh City
3 Million Doses Of Moderna Vaccine Donated By US Arrive In Vietnam
Another 1.2 million AstraZeneca COVID vaccine doses arrived in Vietnam
Some 500,000 more Covid vaccine doses arrive in Vietnam
Vietnam received additional three million doses of Moderna vaccine
U.S. to donate additional three million Covid-19 vaccine doses to Vietnam
WHO listed AstraZeneca/Oxford COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use