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My Perception and I
Ceasefire with NSCN-K extended for one more year
Kohima, April 28 (NEPS): The 4-year old bilateral ceasefire between the Government of India and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang) has been extended for another 1 year today with effect from 28th April, 2005.The NSCN (K) entered for the first time into a formal truce pact with the New Delhi on April 28, 2001 for 1 year to bring a lasting and permanent solution to the long drawn out "Indo-Naga political problem." Since then both sides have been extending the truce on a year basis.
Khaplang
Photo by Rajeev Bhattacharyya
The crucial high level meeting between the representatives of the Government of India and the NSCN (K) on the extension of the ongoing 4-year bilateral truce started at 11 O'clock today in New Delhi.
The both sides have unanimously agreed to extend the ongoing truce for another 1 year with effect from April 28, 2005.The representatives from the Government of India included Special Secretary and Joint Secretary of the Union Home Ministry while from the NSCN (K) side were C Singson, Kughalu Mulatonu, Nitovi Aye and Joseph Patton.
"We have a very cordial meeting with the representatives of the Government of India and unanimously agreed to extend the bilateral ceasefire between the Government of India and the NSCN for another 1 year," Kughalu Mulatonu, Kilonser of the NSCN (K) told NEPS here over phone from Delhi today.
He said there were free and frank discussions in a very cordial manner throughout the meeting.
He also informed that no any other agenda was discussed during the meeting due to the ongoing Indian Parliament Session.
He, however, said revision of ground rules and other issues would be discussed in the next two or three months.
NSCN -Khaplang	national socialist council of nagalandNSCN	Leave a comment
[Bontoc] Lang-ay Festival: Cultural Extravaganza in Mountain Province
"…a lowlander can still witness their way of living, their traditions and everything a lowlander needs to know about their culture."
It was hard to start this post because I was left speechless. The love for my country, and for my fellow Filipinos up in the mountains was stirred. The Igorot people, known for their headhunting culture are often mistreated these modern days. [Some] people from the lowlands see them as inferior people, with tails and black-magic chants. I would say, those people who tell those myths are the most ignorant of their kind.
Source: http://www.edmaration.com/2013/04/lang-ay-festival-cultural-extravaganza.html
Naga Tribes in Nagaland (Nagalim) Naga Tribes in Nagalim	fellow FilipinosLang-ay Festivallowlander	1 Comment
ON 'ANY NAGA TRIBES' OF ARUNACHAL
From Homjong Matcha People of erstwhile Tirap district have no ethnic names. Though communities described or knew themselves as Nocte, Tangsa and Wancho in the past, the Constitution of India had shoved them into an unsorted miscellaneous can, called 'Any Naga Tribe'. Therefore, people want to be identified by a specific ethnical name, not as 'Any Naga'. But it is still dangling around their neck, like a locket, even after 65 years of the Indian republic. Isn't it denial of right to ethnic identity?
Glimpse into history As early as 1958, elder guardians of this district of NEFA wrote a letter with presents to the first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru, introducing their ethnic identities as Nocte, Tangsa, Wancho and Singpho, to which he responded scribbling in his own hand, dated 18.11.1958, which is still alive, welcoming any reader. It reads: 'To Nocte, Tangsa, Wanchoo and Singpho. My dear children, thank you for your letter and the beautiful presents you have sent me. I like them very much. My love to you all.' This surely was the first attempt from elders of the tribes for official recognition of their ethnic identity. But they had no idea and means to pursue it further.
It got buried deep under passage of time. There was no one in New Delhi to stir it up to fruition. Question arises as to when and how the term 'Naga' or 'Any Naga' came into existence in regards to people of the then Tirap district. Gazetteer of India, Arunachal Pradesh, Tirap district reveals that the Ahom who came from upper Burma through Pangsau Pass in the thirteenth century and ruled in Assam from 1228 AD and came into contact with these tribal people, was first to call 'Eastern Naga' or 'Noga'. Before that, probably no contemporary outside world knew about these tribes.
It appears, British inherited the term straight away from Ahom when Assam came under British rule, and then passed it further on to Independent India. But, no author's writing on origin and history of Naga has come to the knowledge, as yet. Challenges to nomenclature If the Ahoms coined the term 'Naga', what did it stand for, in Ahom or Tai language? Why was it termed so? Wherefrom the word 'Naga' derived? Why should a race or tribe accept the name given by foreigner? These are the questions, answers of which are yet to find.
The last one question is probably, the ideology many others had already posed, and challenged too. Take the example of Indian cities that have been changed to local names; such as: Calcutta to Kolkata, Bombay to Mumbai, Gauhati to Guwahati, etc. Even country's name had been changed to suit local term and meaning. The nationality of Burma was called 'Man' which Burmese perhaps, pronounce as 'Myan'. Therefore, the country was rechristened as 'Myanmar'. Every term has its origin and meaning. So, people of undivided Tirap too, have for their ethnic tribes; such as Noc = village, te = people; so Nocte means 'village people'.
Similarly, Tang = hill, sa = children. So Tangsa means 'children of hills'. On other hand, 'Any Naga' suggests nameless, unexplored, insignificant human species that might still be dwelling in the forest of Nagaland hills. Does it not imply derogatory and disgracing meaning? The aforementioned gazetteer describes, "the term 'Naga' is a generic name applies to large number of tribes and sub-tribes living in the then Tirap district and Nagaland." But there's no mention about origin and evolution of the term 'Naga'. For reason of obscurity of its origin, today people take the term 'Naga' for 'naked'. Information gleaned from Wikipedia throws light that Naga people were snake-worshippers of Sri Lankan Hindus who migrated to Pandya kingdom in third century BCE, and assimilated to Tamil culture, and lost their separate identity. This makes a sense and meaning to the term 'Naga'.
Further, H Parker, a British historian and author of 'Ancient Ceylon' considered the Naga tribe to be an offshoot of the Nayars of Kerela. These Nagas are, other than Naga tribes of present Nagaland, and come under category of 'Any Nagas'. So, does it mean Noctes, Tangsas and Wanchos are descendents of Sri Lankan or Kerelian Nagas?
Dr Horam, a Naga scholar wrote: "Some people believe the present group of Nagas came from Philippines where there is place called 'Naga'." But, this appears to be an assumption, not backed by definite historical references. Delving into the bottom The gazetteer of India, Arunachal Pradesh, Tirap district which is considered to be authentic official record, provides at chapter 11 as follows: "… placed between the plains of the Brahmaputra on the west and the valley of the Irrawaddy on the east, this area witnessed movement of people from across the Patkai ranges from time immemorial. Hordes of migratory tribes of the Mongoloids called Kirata in the ancient Indian scriptures, were drifted to Assam through this district (then Tirap).
It was in Assam and its neighbouring regions that these tribes were absorbed." We have not come across any historic record and reference that Mongoloid kiratas had further migrated out from this region to elsewhere directions, or had any other tribe came to replace them. There's no mention of the term 'Naga' either, during those period of history of great migration. Whereas Hindu scriptures and mythology in the Mahabharata, has a mention about Kiratas as dwellers of the eastern Himalayas where 'Bhima meets Kiratas to the east of Videha.' The area of Kiratas is said to have extended from Eastern Nepal to North Eastern India. In Vasistha too, Lord Rama referred to Kiratas as 'mountain dwellers who laid trap to catch roving deer, by digging pitch'.
But RB Thohe Pou, in his article 'The Myths of Naga Origin' quoted JH Hutton who wrote, "All sorts of origins have been connected with the Head hunters of Malay and the races of Southern Seas on the one hand, and traced back to China, on the other hand." In the article, the author has presented more discussions about Nagas of British period from 1832 AD, rather than attempting to discover systematic history of Naga origin as a race or tribe which matters most.
Free encyclopaedia sources reveal that "the Kirata is a generic term in Sanskrit literature for people who lived in mountains, particularly in Himalayas and North East India, and who were postulated to have been Mongoloid in origin." Because of their living in mountain, it has been theorised that the word Kirata or Kirati meant 'people with lion nature'. Tanka Bahadur Subba in his 'Politics of Culture: A Study of Three Kirata Communities in the Eastern Himalayas' wrote about a Kirata scholar, Narad Muni Thulung; "…to him, it is derived from two words: 'Kira' meaning 'Lion', and 'ti' meaning 'people', or '' People with Lion Nature'."
The same source goes on to reveal that "The Kirata people practised shamanism, they call it Kirata religion. In animism and shamanism, they worshipped Nature and believed in primeval ancestors. They had two main festivals: one during plantation and another during the time of harvest." These traits of cultural and religious believe system of Kiratas fully agree with that of the systems professed by present North-Eastern tribes', except those who became Buddhists, Christians and Muslims.
Given the similarity in physical features of the people, culture and religious belief systems between Mongoloid Kiratas and hill tribes of North Eastern India, particularly across Patkai ranges, it may be believe that they are the descendents of Kiratas who migrated in different periods, settled in different geographical areas by different ethnic names; independent to one another. As Pablo Bartholomeo in his article 'Naga: Hidden Hill People of India' wrote,
"While Naga cultures share many traits, each is distinct indeed"; and as a Naga author Ayinla Shilu Ao wrote,
"Every tribe could virtually be a nation unto itself", all the ethnic tribes of so-called 'Nagas' are independent to each other, and hence, they need to be identified and recognised by their respective ethnic tribe, accordingly. To this, some people may be snubbing what was wrong in identifying as 'any Naga'. It's only affected people who understand and carry the brunt of it, ever since Naga nationalist movement had extended its arms to these 'Any Naga' districts, making development a bottomless effort. Once, people of these districts in NEFA days were in peace, though not in prosperity, they have now been made to forget the concept of peace, freedom and liberty.
End anonymity Therefore, Noctes, Tangsas, Wanchos and Tutsas – the Nature worshippers, who were independent by birth, deserve to be recognised as independent tribes among scheduled tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, and once for all, end their anonymity. For that matter, New Delhi, or Arunachal Pradesh, or people themselves, or any other stake holder has nothing to lose. (The views expressed are the writer's own and not necessarily of this daily)
Source: http://arunachalfront.info/article.php?ArticleID=3854
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Home » Alumni » Awards » Honor Wall
Archibald A. Alexander
BS 1912 Civil Engineering
While still a young man, Archie Alexander broke through two deeply entrenched barriers. He was the second African-American football player at the University of Iowa and the first African-American to receive a civil engineering degree from the UI in 1912. Alexander was born in Ottumwa, Iowa, the son of a janitor and coachman. After enrolling at the University of Iowa, he played tackle from 1909 to 1911. Upon graduation, Alexander worked as a foreman for a bridge-building company before going into business for himself in 1917. He studied bridge design in London, England in 1921. In 1929, he started his own company when he was only 26. After that, in sequence, he established two engineering partnerships. Alexander & Repass built freeways and apartments, airfields, sewage systems, power plants and trestles. The firm was responsible for the construction of the Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Basin Bridge, and an extension to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. With his business partner, George Higbee, Alexander designed the Tuskegee Airfield and the UI central heating plant, its power plant, and a major steam tunnel beneath the Iowa River. In 1934, Alexander was appointed as one of a 12-member commission to investigate the social and economic conditions in Haiti. In 1946, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Engineering by Howard University. Alexander was appointed Governor of the United States Virgin Islands by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954 -- the first Republican governor there since the establishment of the civil government. In 1947, the UI named Alexander one of 100 outstanding alumni among 30,000 graduates.
Inducted June 12, 2010
Inducted:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After 12 amazing years in Chinatown, we've decided to make the difficult decision to close our Chinatown location. The reason for this decision is to combine efforts with our brother to focus on expanding Cafe Hoang's first location on Argyle in Uptown.
We want to take the time to thank each and everyone of our customers and supporters through all these years. While this is an end to our Chinatown location, we hope to see you all at Cafe Hoang on North Ave and Cafe Hoang on Argyle. We will be expanding our menu selections at the Cafe Hoang on North Ave location to include customers favorites from Chinatown.
Our last day of serving at Cafe Hoang in Chinatown is Thursday , Feb.8th , closing for the last time at 9PM.
Thank you and much gratitude from Jason and Tracy.
Now serving delicious vegetarian dishes!