Lamentations 1:1 How doeth the citie sit solitarie [that was] full of people? [how] is she become as a widow? She [that was] great among the nations, and princesse among the prouinces, [how] is she become tributarie? Lamentations 1:2 Shee weepeth sore in the night, and her teares [are] on her cheekes: among all her louers she [hath] none to comfort her, all her friends haue dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies. Lamentations 1:3 Iudah is gone into captiuitie, because of affliction, and because of great seruitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors ouertook her betweene the straits. Lamentations 1:4 The wayes of Zion do mourne, because none come to the solemne feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh: her virgins are afflicted, and she [is] in bitternesse. Lamentations 1:5 Her aduersaries are the chiefe, her enemies prosper: for the LORD hath afflicted her; for the multitude of her transgressions, her children are gone into captiuitie before the enemie. Lamentations 1:6 And from the daughter of Zion all her beautie is departed: her princes are become like Harts [that] find no pasture, & they are gone without strength before the pursuer. Lamentations 1:7 Ierusalem remembred in the dayes of her affliction, and of her miseries, all her pleasant things that she had in the dayes of old, when her people fell into the hand of the enemie, and none did helpe her, the aduersaries saw her, [and] did mocke at her Sabbaths. Lamentations 1:8 Ierusalem hath grieuously sinned, therefore she is remoued: all that honoured her, despise her, because they haue seene her nakednesse: yea, shee sigheth and turneth backward. Lamentations 1:9 Her filthines [is] in her skirts, she remembreth not her last end, therfore she came downe wonderfully: shee [had] no comforter: O LORD, behold my affliction: for ye enemie hath magnified [himselfe]. Lamentations 1:10 The aduersarie hath spread out his hand vpon all her pleasant things: for she hath seene [that] the heathen entred into her Sanctuarie, whom thou didst command [that] they should not enter into thy congregation. Lamentations 1:11 All her people sigh, they seek bread, they haue giuen their pleasant things for meate to relieue the soule: see, O LORD, & consider: for I am become vile.
Lamentations 1:12 [Is it] nothing to you, all ye that passe by? Behold and see, if there be any sorow like vnto my sorowe, which is done vnto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted [me], in the day of his fierce anger. Lamentations 1:13 From aboue hath he sent fire into my bones, and it preuaileth against them: he hath spread a net for my feete, he hath turned me backe: he hath made me desolate, [and] faint all the day. Lamentations 1:14 The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand: they are wreathed, and come vp vpon my necke: he hath made my strength to fall, the Lord hath deliuered me into [their] hands, [from whom] I am not able to rise vp. Lamentations 1:15 The Lord hath troden vnder foot all my mightie men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against mee, to crush my yong men. The Lord hath troden the virgine, the daughter of Iudah, [as] in a wine presse. Lamentations 1:16 For these things I weepe, mine eye, mine eye runneth downe with water, because the comforter that should relieue my soule is farre from me: my children are desolate, because the enemy preuailed. Lamentations 1:17 Zion spreadeth forth her hands, [and there is] none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Iacob, that his aduersaries [should bee] round about him: Ierusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.
Lamentations 1:18 The LORD is righteous, for I haue rebelled against his commandement: heare, I pray you, all people, and behold my sorow: my virgins and my yong men are gone into captiuitie. Lamentations 1:19 I called for my louers, [but] they deceiued me: my priests and mine elders gaue vp the ghost in the citie, while they sought their meat to relieue their soules Lamentations 1:20 Behold, O LORD: for I [am] in distresse: my bowels are troubled: mine heart is turned within mee, for I haue grieuously rebelled: abroad the sword bereaueth, at home [there is] as death. Lamentations 1:21 They haue heard that I sigh, [there is] none to comfort me: all mine enemies haue heard of my trouble, they are glad that thou hast done it: thou wilt bring the day [that] thou hast called, and they shall be like vnto me. Lamentations 1:22 Let all their wickednes come before thee: and doe vnto them, as thou hast done vnto me for all my transgressions: for my sighes [are] many, and my heart [is] faint.


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You are here: Home / Newsroom / Joe Levin / Beny Steinmetz Recovers From Setback In Simandou Battle
Beny Steinmetz Recovers From Setback In Simandou Battle
June 2, 2017 /0 Comments/in Joe Levin /by Joe Levin
Asher Avidan was the top official in Guinea for Steinmetz's BSG Resources, which is accused of paying millions of dollars in bribes in 2008 to win the right to mine part of the West African country's giant Simandou iron-ore deposit.
Steinmetz's company sought compensation at the World Bank arbitration tribunal in Paris after Guinea's government stripped BSGR of its rights to the deposit in 2014.
BSGR's case suffered a setback last week when Avidan failed to appear after his lawyers advised him it could jeopardize an Israeli investigation into Guinea bribery allegations.
Avidan said via video link from Israel on Thursday that he decided to speak without their approval.
During more than six hours of testimony, Avidan denied allegations that he or Steinmetz's company had been involved in bribery. Guinea's lawyers allege that BSGR secured Simandou claims in part through bribes to Mamadie Toure, who they say was the fourth wife of Guinea's president at the time.
Avidan said Toure was never one of the president's wives.
He said his meetings with her were merely out of courtesy to one of his local colleagues, Ibrahima Sory Toure, who he said was her half-brother.
Avidan said he didn't make payments to her.
"When I got Ibrahim, I wanted to keep working with him," Avidan testified from Israel. "When I arrived, I got her existence as a fait accompli. It was like something I had to live with," he said, adding that she "definitely never influenced" any Guinea ministers.
The testimony was Avidan's first public response to the bribery allegations involving Simandou, which some miners consider the world's largest untapped iron-ore asset.
The deposit and others in Guinea have been the subject of corruption investigations and legal disputes in the US, Switzerland and Israel, with allegations and counter allegations drawing in Steinmetz's company as well as mining giants including Rio Tinto Group and Vale.
Last month in New York, an ex-Wall Street banker who served as Guinea's mining minister was convicted of laundering $8.5-million in bribes he was accused of taking to help a Chinese company win mining rights in the country.
BSGR has consistently denied wrongdoing and is hoping to obtain compensation through an award from the World Bank's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, whose findings are meant to have equal force as those reached through member countries' courts.
The hearings are due to end Friday, before the three-person panel deliberates on the case.
Tags: Asher Avidan, Beny Steinmetz, BSGR, Guinea, Joe Levin, Rio Tinto Group
http://www.totpi.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/0202121-33.jpg 726 1290 Joe Levin http://www.totpi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/lolo-300x136.png Joe Levin2017-06-02 15:42:522017-06-02 15:42:52Beny Steinmetz Recovers From Setback In Simandou Battle
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This Spring the National Trust is opening the doors to more than 200 of its houses and gardens for free for an entire weekend!
On the 20th and 21st April families across the UK will have the opportunity to explore some of Britain's best landscapes together, without stretching the purse strings. With winter behind us, the Free Weekend provides an opportunity to reconnect with the great outdoors and enjoy the charity's picturesque gardens and houses across the UK.
Whether it's building a den in the woods at Gibside or discovering rare breeds of farm animals at Wimpole Estate, National Trust has an activity offering for a variety of family fun.
As well as giving families the opportunity to spend quality time together in fun spaces, the Free Weekend also removes financial concerns usually associated with great days out, providing a family saving of around £30.
To plan your free weekend download a free voucher today for the location of your choice.
For the latest National Trust membership and shop offers click here.
The National Trust looks after more than 250,000 hectares of countryside, 710 miles of coastline and hundreds of historic places across England, Wales and Northern Ireland. For more information and ideas for great value family days out go here.


A fun little slide with a dual purpose. The directions called for 1/4 " pine to make this but I happened to have some extra thin plywood left over from another slide (yet to be published) and thought I would give it a try. I laid the design for parts out on the plywood and proceeded to cut them out using a pair of scissors. I did a quick look at how the parts would fit together and decided to add an additional support from the bed of the slide to the steering handlebar for strength. I then stained the parts using permanent markers. Next was the assembling the sled with some wood glue. I realized very soon after that I should have use the 1/4 inch wood instead of the 1/16 inch plywood because the plywood did not have the joint strength for the slide. Not to worry, I added some square wooden supports to the inside of the slide which gave me more surface to glue to and additional support. The bed of the slide is decorated with a poinsettia design printed to white water slide paper and then cut just slightly smaller than the bed of the slide. Sealed the slide with a couple of coats of poly.


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Q: to be verb in passive voice Could you tell me should I use singular or plural form of the verb to be here to make the present simple passive voice sentence
"Strawberries and cream are a very British tradition in Wimbledon.Every year,around 27,000 kilos of strawberries(1.eat) , and 7,000 litres of cream (2.use), too."
I think it's- are eaten/used  in both parts because "litres" is plural. But it gets confusing when I remember some can be exceptions even though it's plural:"a million dollars"-dollars is plural but we still use the singular article "a". as in this case, I know strawberries _is plural and cream is singar so should I say "27 000 kilos of strawberries are eaten and 7 000 litres of cream is used"?  I know cream is uncountable and with uncountable nouns if we say like litres before the word we could say plural or singular but it will depend on the context like:two litres of water is used -we mean water as a whole substance? and when we say "are used"-we mean only litres?
Thanks everyone for explaining in advance and sorry for any mistakes :)

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Philosophy of Our Practice
Study: Professional and marital misconduct are linked
On behalf of Law Office of Zachary D. Wechsler, APC | Aug 5, 2019 | Administrative Law
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have discovered a definitive connection between marital infidelity and professional misconduct — regardless of the profession of the individual involved.
The study took a look at four different categories of people: financial advisors, people who had ultimately been convicted of white collar crimes, police officers and highly placed executives. The researchers focused on those who had used the now-infamous Ashley Madison website that encouraged marital infidelity under the mantra "Life is short. Have an affair." In total, researchers looked at 11.235 different people.
The results of the study? In short, those professionals who used Ashley Madison's services were more than twice as likely to end up in trouble for professional misconduct.
What does this mean? Well, researchers and psychologists will probably be sorting out all the implications for a while, but it basically indicates that someone willing to skirt the "rules" in their personal life may also be willing to skirt the rules of their professional life as well. The same moral attitudes that allow someone to mentally justify cheating on their spouse may, for example, allow them to grift a little from a client or an employer or ignore the legal rights of a criminal suspect.
Researchers did suggest that creating a corporate culture that eliminates sexual misconduct in the workplace — or maybe stressed morality in general — could help eliminate some instances of professional misconduct. There's a lot to be said for that idea. When someone is surrounded by a corporate culture that tends to cut corners or sees the rules as something to be bent (if not outright broken), it can easily lead to a "Why not?" attitude.
While we certainly hope that you'll never find yourself facing an administrative hearing over professional misconduct, just remember that you don't have to handle it alone — and you probably shouldn't.
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Marijuana cultivators aren't the green hippie freaks they used to make themselves out to be.
Neither Washington nor Colorado insists on tests for fungicides or pesticides, so there aren't any. But Denver just stopped sales of the mind bender due to worries unapproved substances might've tainted legal pot.
Some growers destroyed their stock rather than wait for test results. Wow. I imagine lots of crazy folk standing in the haze from the burning – if it was indeed burned and not farmed out to the black market.
As with 3D plastics printings and its attendant though foreseeable pollution, legal pot is yet another new "thing" that's been hurriedly released due to popular demand, without regard to warnings of needed investigations about possible hazards. There are plenty of rational and scary reasons to take the matter of marijuana slow, such as its profligate water use, yet – as in olden days – who cares to listen to Cassandra?


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Q: Single model from findAll()? I want to use my template & view to edit a single record. Server returns an array that may or may not be populated. Controller is ObjectController, and I currently populate it by findAll(1). How can I use findAll() and return first item in returned array or an empty object?
Thanks

A: What I would do is have an ArrayController to hold the results of the findAll call, and then bind to that as such:
App.RecordsController = Ember.ArrayController.extend();

App.RecordController = Ember.ObjectController.extend({
    needs: 'records',
    contentBinding: 'controllers.records.firstObject'
});

In your route you can do:
setupController: function () {
    this.controllerFor('records').set('content', Blah.findAll());
}


Google wants to scan your clothing and listen to you brush your teeth. Welcome home.
It's a familiar feeling: Type something into Google's search bar, and then start seeing ads for it everywhere. Sometimes, you don't even need to search—Google's already triangulated your desires based on your emails, your demographics, your location. Now, that familiarity stands to get a lot more intimate. With a fascinating pair of new patents for smart home technology, Google is hoping users will open their homes to its trademark eavesdropping.
It doesn't stop at Will Smith movies. The patent imagines smart home devices would make all types of inferences about users, sorting them into categories based on what it sees in their most personal spaces. Using object recognition, it could calculate "fashion taste" by scanning your clothing and even estimate your income based on any "expensive mechanical and/or electronic devices" it detects. Audio signatures, too, could be used to not only identify users, but determine gender and age based on the timbre of their voices. The smart home would recommend what to watch and where to shop, all based on how it sorts users into categories of taste, income, and interest.
If this sounds invasive, it's important to recognize this is already happening, just online. Google and Facebook both record and analyze user behavior, use it to sort people into categories, and then target them with ads and other content. Facebook likely knows your race and religion, while Google uses your emails and search history to sort you into ad-ready brackets. Netflix infers all types of data on users based on what they watch, then serves back hyper-specific movie and TV categories. This patent simply expands the areas in which your behavior is already mined and recorded from your phone and laptop to your bedroom.
And your children's bedrooms. The second patent proposes a smart home system that would help run the household, using sensors and cameras to restrict kids' behavior. Parents could program the device to note if it overhears "foul language" from children, scan internet usage for mature or objectionable content, or use "occupancy sensors" to determine if certain areas of the house are accessed while they're gone— for example, the liquor cabinet. The system could be set to "change a smart lighting system color to red and flash the lights" as a warning to children or even power off lights and devices if they're grounded.
While people can set goals for their children or themselves, these policies could also be "based upon certain inputs from remote vendors/facilitators/regulators/etc.," according to the patent. That opens the door for companies to offer rewards for behaviors in the home. A household may set the internal goals of: "spend less time on electronic devices" or "use 5 percent less energy each month for the next 3 months." Google devices could then connect to anything "smart" in the home and send you, and potentially a vendor or third party, updates on usage and screen time.
Just this month, the insurance company United Healthcare began partnering with employers to offer free Apple Watches to those who hit certain fitness goals. Insurers might also offer benefits to residents whose homes prove their fitness or brand loyalty—and punish those who don't. Health insurers could use data from the kitchen as a proxy for eating habits, and adjust their rates accordingly. Landlords could use occupancy sensors to see who comes and goes, or watch for photo evidence of pets. Life-insurance companies could penalize smokers caught on camera. Online and in person, consumers are often asked to weigh privacy against convenience and personalization: A kickback on utilities or insurance payments may thumb the scales in Google's favor.
Of course, patents aren't products, but they do represent an important shift. For a long time, the foundational metaphor of surveillance studies has been the panopticon—unending, inescapable, unwanted surveillance. Now, these patents seems to hint that the age of hyper-personalization will make people willing, enthusiastic participants in the panopticon, both as subjects and as architects.


The Mountain Area Health Education Center (MAHEC) is celebrating forty years as a medical training center in western North Carolina. With a mission to provide quality healthcare as the foundation for training physicians, dentists, pharmacists and health professionals, one of MAHEC's greatest contributions to WNC are the graduates who stayed in the region to become family doctors, obstetricians and dentists.
MAHEC was incorporated in 1974 to help meet the need for physicians in rural areas of the State. Graduates from rural residency programs are three times more likely to practice in rural areas than urban residency program graduates. In the 1970s the North Carolina General Assembly mandated the UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine to increase their student body by fifty percent and 300 new primary care training positions were added in a statewide "campus without walls." The Mountain Area Health Education Center was established with a family medicine residency program to serve a 16 county region in WNC.
Dr. McMillan joined Asheville Family Health Centers which employs ten MAHEC graduates and has become the largest independent, physician owned family medicine practice in the state. The Hot Springs Health Program has seven MAHEC graduates, Mission Medical Associates employs more than 20 MAHEC graduates, and throughout WNC favorite family medicine and obgyn doctors herald from MAHEC.
MAHEC trained obstetricians now serve in Buncombe, Haywood, Jackson, Macon, McDowell, Swain and Transylvania counties. The Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency program was added in 1992 to meet women's health needs, followed by a rural family medicine residency in Hendersonville, a geriatrics fellowship, dental residency, hospice and palliative care fellowship, and a sports medicine fellowship will begin in summer 2015.
The combined impact and strength of MAHEC's medical education and training programs has improved quality access to healthcare and changed the supply of physicians in our region.
In addition to residency training programs, MAHEC helped establish the Asheville campuses of the UNC School of Medicine and the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy. Over 600 local physicians serve as faculty or mentors for the next generation of health professionals. MAHEC coordinates this faculty network to provide residency and medical student training, medical mentoring for high school students, internships for undergraduates, The Kenan Primary Care Scholars program for UNC Chapel Hill medical students, and almost 200 medical rotations for other medical students.
MAHEC will celebrate its 40th year anniversary on Saturday, September 13th on the Mary C. Nesbitt Biltmore Campus. Tickets and information available at 828-771-4203 or Mahec40years@mahec.net.


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Here are 3 things Watford need to prioritize under the guidance of this former manager who has replaced Gracia
by Suwaid Fazal September 12, 2019, 7:30 pm
Here are 3 ways Quique Sanchez Flores can help Watford
Watford have been one of the most trigger-friendly clubs in the Premier League clubs. Recently, it was done at the expense of Javi Gracia, who was at the receiving end of the club's scatter-gun approach to hiring managers.
His replacement is former boss, Quique Sanchez Flores, who was previously appointed in 2015.
That was a time when the Hornets had 4 managers in 12 months prior to his arrival and he took them to a very respectable 13th place finish. However, he was surprisingly sacked at the end of the season.
Javi Gracia
He had a fantastic first-half to that season, where Odion Ighalo was particularly impressive but they did fall by the wayside in the second half. Here's what the Spaniard will have to change now that he's back at Vicarage Road:
Sort out that defence
This has been the biggest problem that the Hornets have faced for a long time. Every time the ball is near their own penalty box, they look like they're going to concede.
Flores did organize his defence quite well last time out, even getting 8 clean sheets in his first 17 games in charge. If he does the same once again, that will be a sign of progress.
Be tactically flexible with formations
Quique Sanchez Flores
Sanches used a 4-4-2 in his time but he's always been quite flexible and shifts his tactics depending on the opposition he's facing. Gracia favoured a variant of that formation with a 4-2-2-2 and Sanches might use the same but he won't stick to that if it's not working.
Gracia did change and adopted a three-man backline in his final couple of games but it looked like a move of desperation and Sanches will have the liberty of having more time.
To Read More Watford News, Click Here:– Latest Watford News
Reduce the dependency on Troy Deeney
Deeney is likely to be out till the first week of November, which didn't help Gracia. After all, he's the talisman, creator and also the goalscorer.
It's why the front-two hasn't worked as well and Flores will have to find another formation where they don't have to depend on Deeney's creativity.
He has Welbeck and Sarr to call upon along with Delofeu upfront, all of whom can score and create.
Written by Suwaid Fazal
Football enthusiast. Always bust talking tactics and fantasy football.
Law graduate.
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If you're already bummed to be single on Valentine's Day, other people's chocolate-scented romance shoved under your nose is just the icing on your irritated cake.
But don't skip out on all the good V-Day has to offer just because you're flying solo this holiday.
Instead, improvise with what you already have. If your cat is number one in your heart 364 days out of the year, Feb. 14 shouldn't be the exception.
This Valentine's Day, snuggle up to your fuzzy furball instead of an actual human being. Because cats > people, every time.


View the bios of our Board of Directors here.
*Numbers based on 2013 IRS 990. See link below.
**Click here for an itemized expense report.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Human Life International, Inc., and HLI Endowment, Inc., which comprise the consolidated financial statements of financial position as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, the related consolidated statements of activities and change in net assets and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements. … We conducted our audits in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. … In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Human Life International, Inc., and HLI Endowment, Inc., as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the changes in its net assets and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with account principles generally accepted in the United States of America… Read the full letter here.
Click here for the complete fiscal report: 2013 IRS 990.


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Politics-Law-Society
by Adriana Hamacher and Andra Keay - October 13, 2015
ICRA 2015 Organising Committee
Ada Lovelace was the world's first computer programmer, and heralded symbolic logic by demonstrating future applications for the universal computing machine that Charles Babbage proposed. She was exceptional in her era for her mathematical brilliance, but though she imagined future applications for a multitude of technological innovations, women at that time were not encouraged to speak about or publish their work, so Lovelace's genius was appended as 'notes' onto the work of others and not seen as a major contribution in its own right.
The fact that the contributions of women such as Lovelace have not been celebrated until recently gives us cause to remedy the situation. Now in its third year, our list of '25 Women in Robotics You Need to Know About' is both a shoutout and a call to look at what all these women in robotics have achieved!
Ada Lovelace Day: Women in robotics
by Andra Keay - October 16, 2012
Maykah team at Maker Faire: Alice Brooks, Bettina Chen, Jennifer Kessler who make 'Roominate' the DIY electrical dollhouse.
Celebrate women in science and technology today, in honor of Ada Lovelace, world's first computer programmer. Ada Lovelace Day was started by Suw Charman-Anderson in 2009 in recognition that good role models are crucial to engaging and retaining women in STEM.
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by Adriana Hamacher


Thanks for the tour, Anneli…so interesting. That lobby is amazing!
We sat in those very comfortable chairs and chatted while we waited. The people who run the tour and work in the reception and store counter were friendly and helpful. Made it a pleasant experience.
It looks like a nice place to hang out!
Even without photos of the factory, that was a fun tour to take with you. Thanks for sharing it. It made me think of that TV show on the History Channel, Forged in Fire. They make all different kinds of blades by hand. The factory sounds like a much better way. Fantastic that it was no charge to fix those beautiful Buck knives.
The Captain was very pleased, and I was impressed by the great service and workmanship.
The repair was outstanding, but not surprising from Buck. I also own two. It was interesting to see that old grinder because I have one that looks identical to it except that mine has a red frame. There aren't many of those in captivity any more!
That's got to be a real treasure. You just don't see that kind of machinery around anymore. We were quite impressed by how they make knives right from scratch at the factory. They do beautiful custom knives too with special handles of wood with remarkable grain, and with antlers, and even mastadon tusks (I'm sure that would cost a small fortune). They have a pair of huge tusks in their museum upstairs.
I really found it interesting too, and I almost jammed out to wait in the truck. Sure glad I didn't.
So interesting. The lobby looks like a hotel. And, yes, excellent service.
It was a real eye opener to see what they can do. Wish we had more of that kind of manufacturing in Canada, rather than getting the cheaper (not as well made) products from China.
Wow, I just learned a lot. I had no idea that the name Buck knife came from a surname. Duh. And what a cool lobby!!!!
Don't feel bad. I was the same. I thought it was just a "macho" name. Live and learn!
Looks and sounds like the place has a long, proud history. Interesting tour.
The people who worked there seemed to be proud of their company.
Very interesting! Thanks for sharing the tour.
It was really something to see how they make these beautiful knives.
Thanks for sharing. I love my Buck 119. Seems like even when I have other knives available I return to this one. If I ever find myself in Idaho I'll check this out.
I was impressed by the loyalty and dedication of the workers. They believe in producing fine quality knives and are very friendly and helpful to their customers.


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Peggy Dolan Gives Talk
Peggy Dolan, Executive Director of the Kelly Anne Dolan Memorial Fund, gave a presentation at the Friends Select School on October 25. Her talk, titled "The Other Side of Medicine: the emotional, physical, and financial turbulence of serious illness on patients and their families," revealed just a few of the many heart wrenching stories of suffering families that Peggy has encountered during the twenty-nine years she has led the fund.
"Peggy Dolan speaks from the heart and from experience with years of care for families in crisis," Dean Donnelly said as she introduced the speaker. "The mother of three daughters, Peggy and her late husband Joe lived through the traumas, treatments, and financial costs of the cancer diagnosis of their two young daughters." Peggy's own daughter, Kelly Anne, died at the age of six from leukemia.
"I'm going to tell you a story about paying it forward," Peggy began. Peggy and Joe Dolan established a memorial fund to honor their daughter on October 6, 1976, the day after Kelly Anne passed away. The Fund's first $8,000 in income came from those who attended Kelly's funeral. Since that time, the Fund has grown in size dramatically, assisting more than 12,000 families in crisis whose children have terminal and chronic illnesses or serious disabilities or injuries. An extensive and generous network that Peggy and her team have cultivated during the past three decades donates funds, services, and products that are all desperately needed by the families the Fund serves. "It doesn't matter where you live or what kind of car you drive," Peggy said. "Everyone in that hospital is in the same boat. Everyone's praying for a cure."
A portion of the large audience in attendance included current students in the nursing and health professions programs, to whom Peggy said, "You can bring joy to a child who's been traumatized and friendship to families who are worn emotionally." Peggy remembered several of the nurses and health professionals that became some of Kelly's best friends toward the end of her life. One creative nurse even brought a blanket and basket full of food to Kelly's room at the Children's Hospital of Pennsylvania, got down on the floor with Peggy and Kelly, and had a fun picnic lunch! Dean Donnelly emphasized to the students in the audiences that they can use their careers to play a role in creating a sense of stability for patients and families affected by serious illnesses, disabilities, and injuries.
The Kelly Anne Dolan Fund is unique compared to other funds in that it's general and not disease-specific. The Fund also helps some of the same families year after year, whereas other funds have a limit for how many dollars can be put toward helping a family. After that limit's reached, those funds often have to stop the support. The Kelly Anne Dolan Fund also responds to critical requests and referrals within 24 to 72 hours of receiving them.
If you know a struggling family with one or more children with a serious illness, injury, or disability, do not hesitate to refer them to the fund. You can do this on the Kelly Anne Dolan Memorial Fund website.


text:
Q: How to install a particular version of an apt-package using ansibe I have an ansible playbook as below, where I'm installing nginx on an ubuntu machine.
- apt:
   name: nginx
   state: present
   update_cache: yes

I want to upgrade nginx to version "x". I don't want to use state: latest. Is there a way to specify the version which I want to install?

A: You can specify the version with =<version> on the name parameter.
For example:
- apt:
   name: "nginx=1.14.0-0ubuntu1.9"
   state: present
   update_cache: yes

Take a look at the documentation.


text:
I. Szelim - Javuz Szelim, vagyis Vad, Rettenetes  - (Amasya, 1470. október 10. – Çorlu, 1520. szeptember 22.) oszmán szultán 1512-től, kalifa 1517-től haláláig. II. Bajazid szultán fia, I. Szulejmán apja. Cselekedeteivel kiérdemelte a Vad Szelim nevet. Vasakarattal szilárdította meg a hatalmát, majd hódító hadjáratokat indított az iszlám világ felé: megtámadta Perzsiát és 1514-ben Csaldirán mellett legyőzte a Szafavida I. Iszmáíl perzsa sah hadait, elfoglalta Kurdisztánt, Kelet- és Délkelet-Anatóliát, Azerbajdzsánt, majd Mezopotámiát és 1516-ban a Levantét.

Nemsokára sor került Palesztinára is, 1517-ben pedig meghódította a mamlúkok által irányított Egyiptomot. Egyiptom meghódításának hírére a Hidzsáz önként behódolt neki, ezzel Mekka és Medina is a befolyása alá került. Így – mint a szent helyek védelmezője – felvette a kalifa címét. A 13. századi mongol invázió idején a már akkor is csak névlegesen uralkodó kalifát a mamlúk szultán Bagdadból Egyiptomba menekítette. Szelim az utolsó Abbászida kalifát arra kényszerítette, hogy lemondjon szimbólumairól: a kardról és a próféta kaftánjáról). Egyúttal  eltörölte azt a feltételt, hogy a kalifa a Kurajs-törzsből kell hogy származzon. A kalifa címet az oszmán szultánok 1924-ig megtartották.

Hódításai nyomán a Marokkói szultánság és néhány kisebb hegyi erőd kivételével a teljes arab világ oszmán fennhatóság alá került. Ettől fogva az oszmán szultánoknak  megnőtt a hírnevük a muszlim világban.   Az addig hagyományosan az iszlám világ legerősebb államának számító Egyiptom meghódítása után a két szent város, az egyiptomi befolyás alatt álló Mekka és Medina önként behódolt neki. I. Szelim uralkodása alatt kezdődött az arab népek török uralom alatti korszaka, ezzel együtt lassú hanyatlása is.

Szelim mindössze 8 évnyi uralkodás után 1520. szeptember 22-én rákbetegségben, egyes történészek szerint pestisben  hunyt el két és fél héttel 50. születésnapja előtt. Fia, Szulejmán követte a trónon.

Élete

Ifjúkora
Szelim 1470. október 10-én született Amasyában II. Bajazid fiaként. Házastársa, aki  1494-ben került Isztambulba I. Mengli Giráj krími kán leánya, a 15 esztendős Ajse Hafsza. Négy fiuk (Szulejmán, Orhan, Musa és Korkut) és négy leányuk (Hatidzse, Bejhan, Sah és Fatma) született. Fiaik közül csak Szulejmán érte meg a felnőttkort, a többi fiúgyermek még gyermekkorában meghalt különféle betegségek következtében.

Útja a hatalom felé
Már Szelim ifjúkorában, II. Bajazid fiai,   Szelim, Korkut és Ahmed között heves küzdelem  indult  apjuk trónjáért.  A szultánok, fiaikat, amint felcseperedtek,  különböző tartományok irányításával bízták meg,  és aki a legjobban teljesített  a saját területén, az örökölte a trónt.  Már igen korán tudatos versengés indult meg a szultán fiai között, amit általában az döntött el, ki van közelebb a fővároshoz seregeivel, hogy az államkincstár feletti rendelkezést megszerezze. Maga a szultán is próbálta egyengetni eljövendő utódja  útját azzal, hogy  kedvencét  közvetlenül  Isztambul közelébe helyezte, így biztosítva, hogy halála esetén kegyence szerezhesse meg a hatalmat.

Bár Korkut tanult, művelt  és az iszlám jogban (fikh) járatos herceg volt, mégis sokan úgy vélték, nem kellően erélyes a birodalom irányítására.  Az oszmán források szerint már kezdetektől Ahmed volt  a legnépszerűbb hármuk közül, így sok állami vezető,  például Ali nagyvezír és maga az uléma (teológusok és jogtudósok, a muszlim közösség képviselői) is őt látták volna szívesen a trónon.

Amíg Ahmed herceg  engedelmes és alázatos hozzáállása miatt továbbra is az udvar kegyeltje volt, Szelim agresszív viselkedése több esetben csaknem belpolitikai válságot  okozott.  Már trapezunti kormányzósága alatt többször betört a szomszédos, keresztény  Grúziába. Gáziként, (a hit harcosa) tüntette fel magát és ezt sűrűn hangoztatta propagandájában. Lassan  megszerezte a janicsárok rokonszenvét, ezzel együtt a ruméliai tímárbirtokok tulajdonosainak (szpáhik és akindzsik) jóindulatát. Hadjárataival lehetőséget adott ezeknek a társadalmi rétegeknek,  hogy zsákmányt szerezzenek. Ez a támogatás  valójában Szelim túlélését szolgálta, aki kihasználta politikai előnyét arra, hogy kormányzóságát Isztambulhoz közelebb, Ruméliára cserélje.

1509-ben, amikor II. Bajazid már sokat betegeskedett, Ahmed Amasyában volt kormányzó (ahol Szelim is született)  Korkut  a távoli Anatóliai szandzsákban,  Antalyában, legmesszebb pedig Szelim, a Fekete-tenger melléki  Trapezuntban (Trabzon) uralkodott. A II. Bajazidot  már ekkor, a birodalom vezetői közül is sokan alkalmatlannak találták arra, hogy birodalmának keleti határait fenyegető I. Iszmáil perzsa sah ellen hatásosan fellépjen. A sah  1507-től folyamatosan provokálta az Oszmán Birodalmat. Megtámadta az oszmánok türkmén (turkomán) szövetségesét, Dhu al-Kadr fejedelemségét, miközben a határokkal nem törődve  zavartalanul haladt át  az oszmán területeken, amivel  súlyosan megsértette a Birodalom  szuverenitását.  Míg II. Bajazid kerülte a nyílt konfliktust a perzsákkal, Szelim magához ragadta a kezdeményezést, és  megtorlásul több alkalommal rajtaütött a sah területén fekvő Bayburd és Erzinzán tartományokon.

Isztambulban ezt  a kalandot függelemsértésként értelmezték,  ezért ez jelentette az  első konfliktust a szultán és fia között. Szelim többször hangoztatta, hogy  célja nem a trón megszerzése, hanem az oszmán föld védelme, ezzel együtt nyíltan bírálta apja passzivitását, úgy próbálta beállítani magát, az udvar és ezzel a nép előtt, mint aki egyszerre veszi fel a harcot az eretnekség (a perzsa síiták) és a keresztények  ellen is.

Szelim az első belpolitikai sikere az volt, hogy biztosította a kefei (Caffa) kormányzóságot fiának, Szulejmánnak (1509 augusztus).  Bajazid betegségének hírére  Korkut Tekkéből Manisába és SzelimTrapezuntból Caffába sietett (Isztambulhoz közeli tartományokba ), mivel azt híresztelték, hogy a szultán kész lemondani a trónról Ahmed javára.
Szelim szerette volna, hogy önálló szandzsákká nyilvánítsák a Dunán túli területeket, mivel így, hivatkozva a hitetlenek elleni  küzdelemre, irányítása alá vonhatta volna a térséget, azonban  a díván (a szultán közvetlen tanácsa) ezt megtagadta tőle. Újabb engedetlenségként átvágott a Dunán mintegy 3000 emberével, és Drinápoly felé haladt (1511 március).
Ali pasa, Bajazid nagyvezíre, javasolta a szultánnak,  hogy Szelimet lázadás miatt tartóztassa le. Bajazid   15 000 fős sereget küldött a fia ellen.

A belháború kaotikus viszonyait kihasználva, a keleti határszélen Tekkében a szafavida I. Iszmáíl perzsa sah fanatikus kizilbasaira támaszkodva  háborút indított az oszmánok ellen. Eközben Anatóliában is lázadás tört ki, amit síita és szafavida türkmén törzsek robbantottak ki Sáh Kulu bég vezetésével és I. Iszmáil sah támogatásával.   Korkudot és Ahmedet felelősnek tartották az így kialakult kritikus helyzetért  ami tovább erősítette  Szelim pozícióját. Ilyen körülmények között, Bajazid  végül engedett Szelimnek és egyezséget kötött vele azzal, hogy  kinevezi őt semenderi (ma  Smederovo Szerbia) kormányzónak. A megállapodás része volt az is, hogy míg Bajazid él, nem nevez ki utódot,  Isten döntésére bízza a szultáni trónt.  Abban a hitben, hogy megbékélt renitenskedő fiával,  Bajazid visszatért Isztambulba (1511 augusztus 24.).

Amikor Ahmed értesült  apja és Szelim megállapodásáról, megijedt,  hogy Szelim  túlhatalmat kap ő és testvére ellenében, így ő maga indult az anatóliai lázadók leverésére.  Ruméliában, miközben  seregszemlét tartott csapatai felett, Szelim megtudta, hogy apja és Ali nagyvezír titokban arról rendelkezett, hogy  meghívja Ahmedet Isztambulba, hogy trónra helyezzék. A nagyvezír eközben mintegy négyezer janicsárjával átkelt Anatólián, hogy meglepje a lázadó Sáh Kulut, aki már Bursa elfoglalásával fenyegetett.  A lázadás leverése után  Ahmed és a nagyvezír azt tervezték, hogy győzedelmesen bevonulnak Isztambulba és  Ahmedet szultánná nevezik ki.  Szelimet erről kémei még idejében tájékoztatták és ő is úgy döntött, hogy jelentős és népszerű haditettet hajt végre az általa birtokolt térségben. Elfoglalta Drinápolyt (1511. június) majd 30 000 fős ruméliai serege élén már szultánként intézkedett a birodalom általa ellenőrzött részein.  Ez  nyílt lázadás volt apja ellen,  ami már nem tolerálható, ezért 40 000 fős  hadserege élén Bajazid Szelim elé sietett, hogy szembenézzen lázadó fiával a csatatéren,  Qorlu közelében (1511. augusztus 3.)  Szelim legyőzte őt, az időközben caffai seregeivel hozzá csatlakozott fia, Szulejmán segítségével. Szinte ugyanabban az időben Ali pasa és Sáh Kulu is elesett egy véres harc közben Anatóliában.

A nagyvezér halálával  Ahmed elvesztette legfőbb támogatóját. A birodalom most polgárháború szélére sodródott, mivel Ahmed   Bursa megszállásával fenyegetett és ez már nyílt konfrontációt jelentett  a testvérek között. Ahmed maradék támogatói nyomást gyakoroltak a szultánra, hogy azonnal hívja Ahmedet  Isztambulba,  ugyanakkor az új nagyvezír Hersek-oglu Ahmed  nem értett ezzel egyet. Attól félt, hogy Ahmed bevonulása felbőszíti Szelimet, aki előbb ér majd a fővárosba, és kegyetlen bosszút áll. Ez valószínűnek is tűnt, mivel  az isztambuli  janicsárok is Szelimet támogatták, így a szultán visszaküldte Ahmedet saját tartományába. Ahmed nyilt lázadással válaszolt, elfoglalta a  Karamán-kormányzóságot,  ahol a törökellenes türkmén törzsek támogatását remélte. A szafavidákat támogató türkmének  Nur-Ali parancsnoksága alatt Ahmed mellé áltak (1512 március). Bajazid most úgy döntött, hogy Szelimet hívja  Isztambulba, mivel ő most az egyetlen vezető, aki képes megbirkózni a kritikus helyzettel.

Időközben (1512 április) Korkut is megérkezett Isztambulba, remélve, hogy  a janicsárok támogatásával van esélye a trónra, nem tudta, hogy ezek többsége már Szelimet támogatja.   Bajazidnak még mindig nem állt szándékában lemondani; de amikor Szelim megérkezett, az udvari janicsárok nyomására már kénytelen volt engedni.  A leváltott szultán, útban Dimetoka felé, meghalt   Abalar faluban, Hafsza közelében  (1512 június 10. ).

Bár halála találgatásra adhat okot, jelenleg nincsenek arra  vonatkozó hiteles források, hogy a szultánt meggyilkolták.

Trónra lépése
Szelim, miután a janicsárok segítségével 1512. április 25. édesapját megbuktatta, megkapta a hivatalos beleegyezést és a kincstár irányítását az ulemától, ezzel Szelim  lett az egyetlen legitim uralkodó a birodalomban. Azonnal saját nevében kezdett kormányozni, zászlaja alá vonta a katonaságot és a lázadó türkmén törzsek felé fordult  a Tokat-Sivas területen és a Taurusz-hegységben. Serege élén, miközben átvágott Anatólián,  elűzte  Ahmed egyik fiát Bursából (1512 július 29.), majd átvonult Ankarába, ahonnan  erői elzavarták  magát  Ahmedet is és annak fiait, akik a szafavida  I. Iszmáil sahnál kerestek menedéket.   Szelim,  annak érdekében, hogy képes legyen szembeszállni a szafavida sereggel, igyekezett megerősíteni keleti határait, egyúttal saját hatalmának biztosításán munkálkodott.

Először  kivégeztette régebben elhunyt  testvéreinek Bursában menedéket kérő  öt fiát, akik  7 és 21 éves kor között voltak. Ezután  10 000 emberével meglepte Korkutot manisai palotájában, akit elfogatott és megöletett.  Közben Ahmed visszatért Amasyába és  1512-1513 telén szembenállt Szelim seregeivel, akikkel végül 1513 április 15-én ütközött meg. Ahmedet legyőzték, elfogták és megfojtották. Fia, Othmán ugyanerre a sorsra jutott, míg másik fia Murád  Iszmáilhoz  menekült  Perzsiába, hogy a sah segítségével visszaszerezze apja örökségét. Mielőtt Iszmáil sah ellen vonult, Szelimnek először a perzsákhoz hű  kizilbasokkal kellett leszámolnia, akik már eléggé megerősödtek a keleti tartományokban, amíg  maga Szelim a testvérharccal volt elfoglalva. Tisztogatást végzett a  gyanús kizilbasok között, mintegy 40 000 gyanúsítottat bebörtönzött vagy kivégeztetett.   Ahmed fia, Murád azonban készen állt arra, hogy a perzsa sah támogatásával megszállják a keleti oszmán területeket.

Harc a Szafavidák ellen

I. Szelim szokatlan intézkedéssel kezdte a harcot a perzsa sah, a  szafavida I. Iszmáil sah ellen. Egy időszakra megfosztotta a szafavida uralkodót fő készpénzbevételi forrásától:  a perzsa selyem kereskedelmét blokkolta Európa felé. Később kiterjesztette az embargót az arab vidékekre is, ez feszültséget okozott a mamlúkokkal fennálló kapcsolatában is. Parancsba adta,  hogy a birodalmában minden perzsa eredetű selymet kobozzanak el,   1518-ban, a nyers selyem értékesítését átmenetileg  teljesen be is tiltották oszmán területen.

Iszmáil  sah meg volt győződve arról, hogy a türkmén kizilbasok  és a Szelim  ellen fellépő  anatóliai kormányzók csatlakoznak majd hozzá, ezért 1514 augusztus közepén átvonult Tabriz vidékére, hogy ott szembenézzen az oszmán haderővel  Csáldiránnál.  A két sereg 1514 augusztus 23-án  csapott össze.   A sah mintegy negyvenezer nehézlovasságból álló serege nem tudta bevenni Szelim erődként felállított szekértáborát, ahol a janicsárok keményen tartották magukat. Szelim ellentámadásba lendült, megverte a sah derékhadát, és I. Iszmáil sah is  golyóval sebesülten éppen hogy megmenekült a csatatérről.  Az ütközet után   Szelim lerohanta Nyugat-Perzsiát, és katonai fölényével a térség egyedüli ura lett.

A sah vereségének egyik oka az volt, hogy a törököknek több lőfegyverük és ágyújuk volt, illetve a tűzfegyvereseiket képesek voltak szabályosan működő ezredekbe tagolni. Az oszmánok ekkor kebelezték be végleg Kelet-Anatóliát is.

A győzelem után Szelim úgy tervezte, hogy átvészeli a telet  Karabahban, majd  a következő tavasszal folytatja  offenzíváját a sah megmaradt erői ellen.  A felkelő janicsárok azonban nyomást gyakoroltak a szultánra, hogy visszatérjen Isztambulba, így  1515 szeptember 5-én, miután  bevonult  Tebrizbe és  összegyűjtött  mintegy ezer kézművest, művészt és gazdag kereskedőt, a fővárosba indult. Útban visszafelé Amaysában Szelim átteleltette a seregét, majd Bayburt, Erzincan, Karahisar és Canik városokat a birodalmához csatolta. Ezzel a perzsa sah  gyakorlatilag egész Kisázsiát elvesztette  Erzincantól dél felé Diyarbakirig, beleértve  Észak-Irakot is.

A kizilbas erőd Kemahban kulcsfontosságú volt  Erzincan   és az Eufrátesz-völgy kereszteződésében,  ezt a szultán 1515. május 19-én foglalta el.  A kurd bégek, akik a kizilbas uralom alatt elvesztették örökletes jövedelmeiket, behódoltak az oszmánoknak. Ugyanígy behódoltak az akkonjulu törzsi vezetők is, akik megbékéltek Szelim hatására és közvetítésével a kurd fejedelmekkel,  és együttesen  a fellázadt lakosságtól támogatva  szembeszálltak a perzsákkal  A perzsák ellentámadásba mentek át és ostrom alá fogták Diyarbakirt, de az oszmán erők ezt sikeresen visszaverték, sőt a legfontosabb perzsa végvárak is Szelim kezére kerültek.

Harc a mamlúkok ellen
Miközben Szelim a sah elleni 1514-es hadjáratát vívta,  a  mamlúk szultán, Kánszauh  is fenyegetve érezte  hátországát, elsősorban az örmény és azeri területeket, ahonnan katonai utánpótlását szerezte. Saját védelmére nagy számú erőket állomásoztatott  Aleppóban, ami az egyik vazallusa fennhatósága alatt állt, aki Kánszauh utasítására  többször is feltartóztatta a török seregeknek  szállított ellátmányt.

Az aleppói uralkodó egyik fia látva az Oszmánok sikereit  Szelim szolgálatába szegődött és folyamatosan betört apja birtokaira. Kemah bukása után  Szelim úgy döntött, hogy az anatóliai türkmén fejedelemségeket, akik a mamlúkok szolgálatában álltak, a birodalmához csatolja. 1515 júniusában megölette az aleppói uralkodót,  és a fejét elküldte a mamluk szultánnak. Kánszauh tiltakozott a mamlúk területek megsértése ellen.

A perzsák elleni hadjárat során a mamluk szultán még semleges maradt, és Szelim sem akart konfliktust ez alatt az időszak alatt.  Csaldirán után azonban Kánszauh megígérte Iszmáil perzsa sahnak, hogy segírt neki és  hátba támadja az oszmánokat.  Az aleppói uralkodó megölésével azonban az ellenségeskedés elkerülhetetlenné vált.  Mielőtt a háború elkezdődött, Szelim tett egy sor előkészületet, hogy  megnyerje és a maga oldalára állítsa  az arab lakosságot és néhány vezető emírt, többek között azzal a lázító kijelentésével, hogy a mamelukok az egy  idegen cserkesz kaszt, most mégis vezető szerepük van az arabok között, akiket elnyomnak.  Tény, hogy az aleppói polgárok örömmel fogadták az oszmánokat a városukban.  A szíriai városok kereskedelmileg függővé váltak  Bursától,  miközben már nyilvánvalóvá vált, hogy a mamelukok nem tudják megőrizni az indiai kereskedelmi termékek monopóliumát, többek között a portugálok hajóival szemben sem, akik körülhajózták Afrikát, kiiktatva ezzel az évezredes karavánutakat és megfosztva a mamlúkokat fő bevételi forrásuktól.

1510-ben  Kánszauh mamlúk szultán még maga kérte az oszmánok támogatását, hogy állítsanak fel  egy zsoldos flottát  Szuezben, Dzsiddában és Jemenben a mamlúk érdekek védelmében. Szelim  Aleppó, Gáza és Damaszkusz kormányzóját titkos diplomáciai kapcsolatai révén rávette, hogy segítsék terjeszkedését a térségben, többek között szerepet kínált nekik az elkövetkező oszmán adminisztrációban. A mamlúkok attól tartottak, hogy a törökök a tenger felől próbálkoznak majd betörni a területükre, ennek volt is alapja, mivel Szelim 1515-től nagyarányú hajóépítésbe kezdett.
Amikor Kánszauh hivatalosan is bejelentette  igényét az oszmánok által elfoglalt  Dhu-Kadrid területének kiürítésére,  az nyílt hadüzenetet jelentett.

Szelim 1516  július  végén Malatyában lépett   mameluk területre  és a két hadsereg  Mardzs Dabiknál, 40 km-re északra Aleppótól megütközött  egymással. A csatát az oszmán lőfegyverek fölénye döntötte el. Szelim mintegy 300 szekeret láncoltatott össze, amely erősség bevehetetlen volt a mamlúkok számára.  A csatában Kánszauh is a halottak között volt. Az előzetes megbeszéléshez híven a mamlúkok átadták Aleppót és török szolgálatba szegődtek.  Szelim Aleppó után hamar elérte Damaszkuszt (1516 szeptemberére) és  ott töltötte a téli hónapokat. A győzelem tiszteletére Damaszkuszban mecsetet és oszmán stílusban épült kolostort építtetett.

Bár a vezírjei nem támogatták Egyiptom lerohanását, Szelimet Aleppó és Damaszkusz vezetői sürgették az újraválasztott mamlúk szultán, Túmán Báj elleni fellépésre,  így  megparancsolta, hogy készüljenek fel Egyiptom lerohanására. Az oszmán hadjáratot a  vezető beduin főnökök is támogatták.

Szelim deklarálta, hogy minden muszlim föld az ő  védelme alatt áll, és felhívta  Túmán Bájt, hogy ismerje el őt  hűbérúrának. Túmán Báj természetesen erre nem volt hajlandó. Erre Szelim személyesen vezetett csatát Egyiptomba, és 1516 december 21-én Ghazza közelében megütköztek csapataik, ahol Szelim győzelmet aratott a hagyományos eszközökkel harcoló mamlúkok felett.

Kairó védelmére a török hadsereggel szemben  Túmán Báj al-Rajdanijjánál  épített fel   erős védelmi vonalat, megerősített tüzérségi állásokkal és árkokkal de 1517 január 22-én, míg a fő erői megtámadták az oszmán csapatokat, Szelim  meglepte a mamlúkok megerősített táborát.  Az első órában a nehéz mamlúk lovasság heves támadást indított a  török vonalak ellen, de az oszmán hadsereg fölénye, amely elsősorban a tűzfegyverek használatában nyilvánult meg, visszaverte azt.  Kairó 1517 január 23-án kapitulált, az első török erők 1517 január 26-án léptek a városba.  Túmán Báj még felvonultatta csapatait a Nílus nyugati partján, de Szelim úgy  döntött, hogy a  Níluson átkelve  megtöri az ellenállást.  Túmán Bájt elfogták és a Báb Zuveila (Zuveila-kapu) előtt felakasztották. (1517 április 15.). Az összecsapások Kairóban és a városon kívül számos cserkesz életébe kerültek, egyes források   – -re becsülték az áldozatok számát.

A mamlúk szultánság bukása után a mamlúkoktól függő arab térségek, beleértve a  mekkai és jemeni körzetet  az Oszmán Birodalom fennhatósága alá kerültek. Szelim kijelölte Khabir Bejt Egyiptom  török kormányzójának,  aki sikeresen egyesítette a  mamelukok és az arab sejkségek  kormányzati rendszerét az oszmán adminisztrációval. 1517 szeptember 13-án, elutazása előtt Szelim  Isztambulba küldött  800 kairóit, akiről úgy vélte, problémát okozhatnak a térségben,  köztük az utolsó Abbászida kalifát IV. al-Mutavakkilt és sok kézművest is.  A hosszú tartózkodása alatt  Damaszkuszban  és Aleppóban Szelim Szíriát is úgy szervezte meg, mint egy tipikus  török tartományt. Kormányzókat és felügyelőket nevezett ki,  hogy regisztrálják a lakosságot és biztosítsák a  bevételeket.

Halála

Uralkodásának kilencedik évében, közel ahhoz a helyhez, ahol édesapja seregeit megtámadta és lemondásra kényszerítette, Edirne közelében, Çorluban   halt meg 1520 szeptember 22-én. Hivatalosan Szelim halálát egy bőrfertőzés okozta, amit hadjáratai alatt a lóháton töltött idő miatt szerezhetett. Mások úgy vélik, rákban halt meg, illetve hogy esetleg az orvosa mérgezte meg.  Egyesek szerint halála egybeesett a birodalomban dúló pestisjárvánnyal, aminek ő is áldozatul esett

Egyéb tettei

A keleti terjeszkedések időszakában Szelim óvatosságból igyekezett fenntartani a békét a nyugati keresztény hatalmakkal,  különösen Velencével és Magyarországgal, mivel nem akart a keleti határainál vívott hadakozásai mellett kétfrontos háborúba keveredni. Diplomáciája összességében sikeres volt. X. Leó pápa ezzel egy időben azonban igyekezett növelni  az európai keresztesek közel-keleti jelenlétét és  szorosabbra fonta kapcsolatait I. Iszmáil sahhal illetve a mamlúk  Kánszauhhal, egy oszmán ellenes szövetség reményében.  Ezt a reményt egy  új kizilbas lázadás is táplálta  Amasyában 1519 tavaszán, amit egy Dzselál nevű dervis vezetett, megmutatva, hogy a síita perzsák továbbra is aktívak. Ezt a lázadást az oszmánok véres harcok árán de leverték.

Szelim 1517 szeptember 17-én   megújította a Velenceiekkel kötött fegyverszünetet Kairóban, azzal a további kikötéssel, hogy a velenceieknek a  mamlúkoknak kijáró  8000 arany dukátot Cipruson a török szultán felé kell fizetni.
Amikor trónra került, Szelim legfontosabb feladatának Rodosz és Chios szigeteinek elfoglalását tartotta.  1519-ben döntött tengeri haderejének fejlesztéséről is, ennek jegyében erőfeszítéseket tett száz tengeri gálya építésére is, de művét már nem tudta befejezni. 1519-től kezdve csapatai hadat viseltek már a spanyolokkal is Észak-Afrikában és a Földközi-tengeren. Ennek a hadjáratnak a befejezését már nem érte meg, de a konfliktus az egész évszázadban megmaradt. 1522. június 28-án Szulejmán foglalta el Rodoszt.

Szelim hozta létre az oszmán tengeri haderőt, célszerű reformokat létesített és megzabolázta a janicsárokat. Hazánk ellen nem viselt háborút, a fegyverszünetet időről időre meghosszabbította.

Fanatikus szunnitaként gyűlölte az eretnek síitákat és mintegy -t legyilkoltatott. Tanácsadói csak nehezen tudták eltántorítani attól a tervétől, hogy kiirtson minden keresztényt a Birodalomban. Kegyetlenségét mutatja, hogy nyolcévi uralkodása alatt 7 nagyvezír is áldozatul esett neki. Állítólag India meghódítását is eltervezte, és ő volt az első, aki a Szuezi-csatorna tervén gondolkodott.

Kalifasága

Szelim folyamatosan hangoztatta felsőbbrendűségét az iszlám világban. A  kalifa cím a muszlimok közös –  bár amikor már  az oszmánok először felbukkantak,  már jelképes – uralkodóját jelölte.  Ennek ellenére a mamlúk szultánok, mivel Mekka és Medina védelmezőinek tartották magukat, igényt tartottak erre a címre az abbászida kalifák hanyatlása  (1258) után is. A mardzs dabiki győzelem után Szelim   mint a mamúk trón jogutódja,  felvette a Khádim al-Haramajn al-Sarifajn címet.  A történész Ibn Túlún közlése szerint ezt ünnepélyesen egy pénteki imán jelentette be Damaszkuszban. Arra azonban nincs kortárs forrás, hogy a szertartás előtt  IV. al-Mutavakkil hivatalosan is lemondott volna kalifai méltóságáról.

Családja

Apja II. Bajazid szultán, anyja Gülbahar szultáni ágyas volt.

Első ágyasától, Ajse Hafsza szultánától nyolc gyermeke született: Szulejmán szultán, Orhan herceg, Musa herceg, Korkut herceg, Hatidzse szultána, Bejhan szultána, Sah szultána és Fatma szultána.

Többi ágyasától született további hét gyermek: Kathira szultána, Hafsza szultána, Sehzade szultána, Gevherhán szultána, Üvejsz pasa, Jenisah szultána és Hatun szultána.

Jegyzetek

Források

Kalifák
Oszmán szultánok
1470-ben született személyek
1520-ban elhunyt személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kino Pravda 3G brings together current images of global discontent. While mainstream media builds grand narratives around riots with its slick and repetitive images, mobile phones, in the hands of protestors, allow for the narration of personal stories. Public Studio scours Youtube for found footage to retell these stories in a serial format, much like Vertov's original newsreels, blurring the boundaries between propaganda and art.


The Keiths are loving, caring and powerful family. By being a supportive family to their son, they have also become a source of comfort and love for many people around the world. Assigned female at birth, Roz and Richard Keith named their daughter Olivia. Olivia was always perceived as a tomboy with "male" preferences. At the age of 14, Hunter came out as transgender after a haircut. When many families panic or are afraid, the Keiths embraced their son and in doing so, embraced others going through the same thing.
The Keiths felt it was necessary to aid others and support transgender youth with their non-profit called "Stand with Trans". Not only does it offer support, but it gives them tools to feel empowered, more confident to go out into the world and live authentically. Because of the Keiths, transgender youths now have source of strength, love and compassion that they may be seeking and because of this, they are our Health Heroes of the week!
Learn more about the Keiths on their website StandWithTrans.org.


Opportunities come in all shapes and sizes, and often taking a chance can lead to something great. For sewers and embroiderers, opportunity knocks daily. You have a chance to put a piece of yourself into every project, and with the Ellisimo Gold sewing and embroidery machine, you have a golden opportunity to let your creativity flourish.
The Ellisimo Gold has many innovative features that are sure to spark your imagination. Built for sewers, embroiderers, and quilters alike, the Ellisimo Gold is the perfect tool regardless of your inspiration. There are fabulous editing features for stitches and embroidery designs, and a large throat space perfect for quilting. Take advantage of this golden opportunity, and try the Ellisimo Gold sewing and embroidery machine.
Sometimes it's the tiniest details that really pull a project together, and other times you need a super-sized image for a large task. With the Ellisimio Gold, you can reduce your images down to 60% or increase them up to 200%.
With OnScreen Designer, you can take personalization to a whole new level. Now you can produce your own embroidery designs with the SketchPad Digital Tablet. The Ellisimo Gold instantly digitizes hand-drawn designs with this revolutionary feature. Drawn and traced designs can be filled or left as an outline; either way, embroidering a completely original design has never been easier.
Shine a spotlight on your projects with Stadium lighting™. This system uses 8 high-color LED lights to illuminate the needle and work area for brighter true color LED lighting. By surrounding your needle with up to 10 inches of light, you can see every stitch clearly without straining your eyes.
Add a bit of personality, texture, and style to your projects through the use of the Ellisimo Gold's bobbin work capabilities.
The NeverMiss Automatic Needle Threader does exactly what it promises. It's never been this fast or easy—the Ellisimo Gold threads your needle with little more than the push of a button.


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Scholastic survey finds that 95% of parents believe that every child should have access to a school and public library
On May 29, 2019 / Public, School, The LRS Number
Image credit: Scholastic
Scholastic recently published a report highlighting the importance of summer reading for children as part of their biennial Kids & Family Reading Report. The report explores attitudes and behaviors towards reading using information gathered during a national survey of children ages 6-17 and their parents, and parents of kids ages 0-5.
The report reveals both parent and child attitudes towards summer reading. Nearly all (94%) parents agree that reading over the summer helps their child during the school year, but only about half (53%) are aware of the "summer slide" that is largely due to lack of reading. Children are also aware of the importance of reading – about three-quarters (77%) agree that reading over the summer helps them in school.
The children who responded to the survey read an average of nine books for fun in the summer of 2018 and 3 in 5 (59%) say that they "really enjoy" reading books over the summer in addition to the academic benefits. When asked why they enjoyed summer reading, 7 in 10 (70%) children say they like having the power to choose what and when to read. About half (53%) view reading in the summer as an enjoyable way to pass the time, and half (52%) say that they also read in order to keep their brains active.
The most common places that children get books are schools (53%) and public libraries (50%). Perhaps because of this, nearly all parents say they believe that every child needs to have a school library (95%) and every community needs to have a public library (95%).
The full Kids & Family Reading Report can be found here.
Note: This post is part of our series, "The LRS Number." In this series, we highlight statistics that help tell the story of the 21st-century library.
Pew finds that a quarter (26%) of lower-income Americans rely on their smartphones for internet access
On May 15, 2019 / Technology, The LRS Number
Pew recently published their latest post in a series examining how different demographic groups use technology and access the internet. Their analysis found that a digital divide persists between lower- and higher-income Americans, despite growing internet and technology use across the board.
Survey respondents making less than $30,000 per year have lower levels of technology adoption than their wealthier counterparts do. About 3 in 10 (29%) lower-income respondents reported they do not own a smartphone, while nearly all respondents making above $100,000 per year do. Similarly, more than 2 in 5 lower-income respondents do not have access to home broadband services (44%) or a traditional desktop or laptop computer (46%), while more than 90% of the wealthiest respondents have adopted both of these technologies.
Higher-income respondents are also more likely to own multiple options for online access. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of respondents making more than $100,000 per year have home access to broadband internet, a smartphone, a traditional computer, and a tablet. A little less than 1 in 5 (18%) lower-income respondents said the same. A quarter (26%) of lower-income respondents said that they rely on smartphones for internet access, a number that has doubled since 2013 (12%). Reliance on smartphones can make online tasks that are not optimized for smartphones, like doing homework and applying for jobs, more difficult.
The full report can be found here.
Library Journal survey finds that public library circulation has dipped slightly (0.5%) for the first time since 1999
On April 26, 2019 / Public, The LRS Number
Image credit: Library Journal
Library Journal recently released the results of its annual materials survey tracking circulation statistics in public libraries nationwide.
Materials circulation in public libraries decreased by half a percent (0.5%) in 2018, falling, though only slightly, for the first time since 1999. Two in 5 (40%) survey respondents reported that they saw their circulation decrease. Nearly 3 in 5 (57%) items circulated in 2018 were books, 1 in 10 (9%) were ebooks, and about a third (31%) were other media like audiobooks, DVD/Blu-ray, music CDs, and streaming media. Book and ebook circulation both increased from 2017 to 2018, while netted media circulation decreased.
Like in previous years the majority of materials circulated were fiction (64%). Nonfiction made up a little over a third (36%) of items circulated. Half (51%) of items circulated were adult materials, 2 in 5 (41%) were children's materials, and about 1 in 12 (8%) were items for young adults.
The fiction genres that respondents cited as their top 5 most popular print book circulators were mystery/suspense (95%), general fiction (81%), thrillers (72%), romance (63%), and Christian fiction (41%). The genre order changes slightly for ebook circulation – mystery/suspense is still the most popular (84%), but romance moves up to second (79%), thrillers remain in third (77%), and historical and literary fiction, not present in the print top five, are tied for fourth (both at 35%).
In print nonfiction, cooking reclaimed its top spot as the most popular circulator in 2018, with 4 in 5 (82%) respondents ranking it in their top 5. Rounding out the most popular print circulators were biography/memoir (74%), self-help/psychology (50%), history (48%), and medicine/health (40%). Like in the fiction rankings, nonfiction genre popularity changes for ebook circulation. Biography/memoir (89%), self-help/psychology (67%), and history (61%) are still popular, while cooking drops to 6th place (29%). Current events/politics (46%) and fitness/weight loss (33%) are more popular in ebook format than in print.
University of California System opts out of more than $10 million contract with scholarly publisher Elsevier
On April 11, 2019 / Academic, The LRS Number
The University of California System is made up of 10 schools and over 100 libraries, including several prestigious research universities, such as UC-Berkeley. Inside Higher Ed reports that the UC System "accounts for almost 10 percent of the research output of the United States." And, Elsevier is an information and analytics company that distributes many prestigious academic journals, such as the Lancet, through their online databases including ScienceDirect and Scopus.
Many universities and academic libraries view providing access to scholarly journals through online databases as an essential service to promote research and scholarly communication. The open access movement has been growing, but authors are typically still required to pay an additional fee to have their article be open access. Elsevier's pricing to publish open access ranges from $150-$5,000 per article. Since the UC-System is a large and research-driven system, the decision to break with Elsevier could potentially be the beginning of a larger change in scholarly publishing and access.
The UC-Elsevier Negotiating Team was made up of six members, including one university librarian. In an open statement, the team explained that the primary reasons for turning down the Elsevier contract were higher costs, reduced rights, limitation on institutional support for authors, and excluded journals. The Los Angeles Times reported than in addition to the high cost of the UC contract with Elsevier, the system was also negotiating to have "universal free access to articles written by UC researchers and professors."
The UC-System is not alone in their decision. Inside Higher Ed recently reported that Norway joined Sweden and Germany in opting out of their contracts with Elsevier. Norway's negotiating authority also wanted an agreement where they could freely publish their own research articles for public access.
To read the full Los Angeles Times article, click here.
To read the full Inside Higher Ed article click here.
CUNY Open Education Resource program saves students $9.5 million on textbook costs
On March 25, 2019 / Academic, The LRS Number
In 2017, the City University of New York (CUNY) and State University of New York (SUNY) systems received funding to adopt Open Education Resources (OER) for many courses offered. This funding was awarded in response to librarian requests at both institutions and was adopted in 2,800 Zero Textbook Cost (ZTC) courses impacting 76,000 students and resulting in $9.5 million saved on textbook costs. CUNY recently published the results of a survey their students to see what they thought about using the OER materials for their coursework.
The materials for ZTC classes were entirely digital which marks a change in the typical paper textbooks that students previously used for class. However, three-quarters (76%) of the students surveyed rated their ZTC materials easier to access than materials for prior courses. Out of these students, 4 in 10 (40%) cited the convenience of being able to use their ZTC materials anywhere, at any time, from any device as why they are easier to access. Almost a quarter (23%) said that all their materials being online or on Blackboard make them easier to access, and about 1 in 8 (12%) cited the fact that all the materials are free as why they are easier to access.
Using digital materials did not seem to impact students' learning. One in five (20%) survey respondents accessed their ZTC course materials before the semester started, indicating high engagement with learning resources. Two-thirds (66%) of the respondents said that they feel they learn as well with digital materials as with print, and two-thirds (65%) also responded that they completed all of their readings for the course. Nearly all (95%) respondents said that they would recommend taking a ZTC course to other students.
EdBuild finds a $23 billion funding gap between white and nonwhite school districts
On March 5, 2019 / School, The LRS Number
Image credit: EdBuild
EdBuild, a research organization that promotes equity in public schools, recently released the results of their analysis of 2016 public school funding on the national and state levels. The purpose of the analysis was to examine this funding based on racial and socioeconomic characteristics.
They found that, despite decades of desegregation efforts, more than half of students still attend schools that are located in either predominantly white (26%) or predominantly nonwhite (27%) school districts. Nationwide, white school districts received $23 billion more in funding in 2016 than school districts that mostly served students of color. This means that the average white school district received $13,908 for every student, while nonwhite districts received $11,682 per student.
The racial divide becomes more apparent in racially concentrated high-poverty school districts. Of all the students in the U.S., 1 in 5 (20%) are enrolled in a high-poverty nonwhite school district, while only 1 in 20 (5%) are enrolled in a high-poverty white school district. High-poverty nonwhite districts tend to be larger than their white counterparts, serving an average of 10,500 students compared to an average of 1,500 students. There are 6 times more predominantly white school districts than nonwhite districts in the U.S., offering white districts more opportunity for funding advocacy in state legislatures.
Racial disparities also exist in our home state of Colorado. Nearly a third (31%) of students are enrolled in racially isolated school districts. About 1 in 10 (12%) Colorado students are enrolled in a high-poverty nonwhite district, while only 1% of students are enrolled in a white district with the same financial issues. On average, nonwhite districts have 16% less funding than white districts. This means that a Colorado student attending school in a high-poverty nonwhite district receives $2,770 less than a student in a high-poverty white district.
United Kingdom anticipates 9 million lonely people by 2030 and intervenes with reading
On February 20, 2019 / The LRS Number
The British government has been prioritizing addressing loneliness, including appointing a Minister of Loneliness. A recent report on social issues and reading, titled "A Society of Readers," was produced by the non-profit The Reading Agency and the think-tank Demos. According to the report, in 2014 there were about 5 million people over the age of 60 lonely in the U.K., and they project that number will reach 9 million by 2030. In the U.S., there are currently about 47.8 million lonely adults over the age of 45, based on an Association of Retired Persons report. Currently, the overall size of the U.S. population is about five times the size of the United Kingdom.
As part of addressing this challenge, libraries in the U.K. began supporting a new program called "Reading Friends" in June 2017. The program was developed by The Reading Agency with the goal to "empower, engage and connect older people who are vulnerable and isolated, people with dementia and [caregivers] by starting conversations through reading."
The program works with libraries and other non-profits to match volunteers and members of the community to build relationships using reading. Groups and partners meet regularly to read together in libraries, assisted living facilities, and community centers. In 2017, the program reached 624 participants and included 104 volunteers. The evaluation of the first year found that 88% of the participants agreed that the program had "increased opportunities for social contact." Eighty-eight percent of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the program "added purpose to their week."
The "Society of Readers" report also reviewed many studies on the relationship between aging, reading, loneliness, social isolation, and dementia–many of which found evidence that suggests that people who read fare better than their peers. This study on aging and leisure activities, including reading, and this study on cognitive activities and aging from a neurological perspective, may be of particular interest to the library community.
To read the full "Society of Readers" report, click here.
Pilot to Measure Social and Emotional Learning at Denver Public Library
On February 8, 2019 / Uncategorized
By Hillary Estner, Katie Fox and Erin McLean
Why evaluate?
How can you measure relationship-building abilities? How can you understand which of your library's programs best support users' development of skills like problem-solving? How can you determine whether the youth who come to your library need help learning how to ask a question?
At Denver Public Library (DPL), we wanted to answer these questions, which address a vital set of skills called social and emotional learning, or SEL. A key goal of our public library, like many libraries, is to provide experiences that positively impact participant learning and growth. Particularly with our youth participants, we hoped that library programs fostered SEL, but we had not yet found a way to measure it.
In summer 2017, at the urging of the executive level of our library, we launched a pilot project to explore methods of evaluating youth outcomes from library summer programming, with a focus on SEL. We partnered with the Colorado State Library's Library Research Service, and the three of us—a reference librarian, branch librarian, and research analyst—set out to measure SEL.
Who participated?
While we assessed several components of the library's summer programming, here we will focus on a collaboration with the Denver Public Schools program, Summer Academy. DPS offers Summer Academy to students whose reading scores are below grade level and students in the English Language Acquisition program. Youth who were invited to Summer Academy were also invited to participate in the library programming. Library programming participants attended literacy instruction during the morning and two hours of library enrichment in the afternoons for four weeks.
Library programming participants were split into two groups based on age, with one group of youth entering first, second, and third grades in the fall and the other entering fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. For both classrooms, typically the youth had some unstructured time at the beginning of the library-led programming, which often was time playing outside or LEGO® free time. After that unstructured time, participants in the younger classroom had a choice of two structured activities which had a clearly defined end product. Participants in the older classroom had several self-directed activities they could choose from and often ended up designing their own projects that did not have a defined end result.
How did the evaluation work?
We knew SEL would be challenging to measure, so we tried several strategies. Library instructors facilitated individual smiley face surveys about specific activities, youth created end of summer reflective projects to share their experience, and our team observed four days of the program, focusing on SEL behaviors. Unfortunately, the smiley face surveys did not work because it was challenging to consistently administer them, and participants reported that every activity was fun and easy. Our observations indicated that these reports were not always accurate–we saw youth struggle and disengage at times. The youths' responses to the reflection prompts were largely positive and vague.
It is very possible that the youth we were working with were too young to share an opinion that was not positive. For example, in response to reflection questions about what they liked and disliked about the program, one youth wrote "I liked everything," and drew hearts. Another limitation of this assessment was that the participants, particularly the younger age group, were still developing their reading and writing abilities. While we tried to minimize this issue by using smiley faces for response categories, it was still a problem.
Observational rubric
The observational behavior rubric was the most challenging and fruitful component of our project. After reviewing the literature, we were not able to find a freely available observational behavior rubric focused on SEL, so we developed our own. We initially observed youth with some key social and emotional behaviors in mind, and through the process of coding these observations, we developed a coding scheme and observational rubric.
To create our coding scheme and rubric, we first identified three key areas of SEL, according to the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). We chose to focus on self-management, relationship skills, and decision making. We used a behavior rubric that the Logan School for Creative Learning generously shared with us as a model to get started.
After our initial design, we tested and refined the rubric repeatedly so that we could code consistently. For example, under the category of self-management, the rubric included both "dis-engagement" and "engagement." Engagement included behaviors like listening, being on task, task-completion, observing peers or teachers, and being responsive to directions. The relationship skills category included behaviors like "kind comment," "unkind comment," and "friendly chatting with peers or instructor." The responsible decision making category included behaviors like "letting someone else do it for you," "pride in work," and "helping peers."
Ultimately, coding our observations yielded preliminary, but valuable, results which are being used to inform youth programming and staff training.
Of the thirty-three enrolled students, twenty-six were in the younger group and seven were in the older group. We received nineteen consent forms for the younger group and six for the older group. There was inconsistent attendance, so the amount of time we were able to observe each participant varied. We observed seventeen participants in the younger group, and five in the older group. Due to the small sample size for the older group, as well as the open-ended design of their program, we decided to only analyze the data for the younger group.
Through analyzing our observational data, we found that during certain activities we saw more youth showing specific social and emotional skills and behaviors. For example, during the complex activity of making a solar-powered toy bug, youth participants were more frequently engaged in positive problem-solving and decision-making than during the simpler activity of painting a tree and attaching buttons to make a "button tree."
Youth also displayed the highest rates of positive relationship skills–such as friendly chatting and sharing–during slime and leaf imprint activities, which are both open-ended, exploratory activities (projects with multiple ways to successfully complete the task). Participants also had the highest rate of positive self-management during these two activities. We saw an even higher percentage of positive relationship skills during unstructured activity time, often LEGO® time.
Our sample per activity was quite small (sometimes we observed as few as three students completing an activity), so we are cautious about drawing overarching conclusions. Nonetheless, these results yielded helpful information about which types of activities could provide environments that foster SEL, which can inform our design of programs tailored to SEL skills.
We want the library community to benefit from our experience trying to measure SEL, and in particular we want to share our observational behavioral rubric as a free tool for organizations to use to conduct their own evaluation. For a copy of our rubric, click here. You may use and modify the rubric as long as you cite us. For more information about this project, please contact Katie Fox at Library Research Service.
Download Rubric
Ithaka S+R report shows that ebook spending is rising in academic libraries, while print spending declines
On January 30, 2019 / Academic, The LRS Number
Image credit: Ithaka S+R
Ithaka S+R recently published the results of their Library Acquisitions Patterns project, which examined purchasing trends in U.S. academic libraries. Their analysis focuses on print books, journals, and ebooks purchased at 124 participating academic institutions.
Total materials spending by the participating academic libraries rose by about 8% between 2014 and 2017 to over $313 million. One-time resources (single books and ebooks) accounted for about 1 in 5 (16-21%) information materials purchased from 2014-2017, while ongoing materials like journals made up most of the remaining materials (70-76%). However, library spending is not rising as quickly as the prices for these materials – the average cost for an ongoing resource was well over a third (37%) higher in 2017 than in 2014.
Spending on print books declined by 12% during the four years tracked in this study, which was reflected to some extent in each disciplinary field. Spending on print books in STEM disciplines dropped by a quarter (25%), which was the most prominent reduction. Spending on print books in humanities and social sciences dropped by much less over the same period (7% and 8%, respectively).
Spending on ebooks rose by 9% from 2014-2017, although ebooks still only make up around 1% of total library materials spending. Ebook purchasing increased the most for social sciences materials (by 7%) and humanities materials (by 2%). Like with print book purchasing, ebook purchasing for STEM disciplines dropped by about 8% from 2014-2017.
GOBI Library Solutions was the largest vendor of print books and ebooks to the participating academic libraries during the time of the study, providing three-quarters (75%) of print books sales to the libraries by 2017. Amazon was the second largest vendor, hovering just below a tenth of libraries' print book sales (8.2% in 2014 to 7.1% in 2017). GOBI was also the dominant vendor of ebooks to the libraries, providing 9 in 10 (90%) ebook sales. The next-largest ebook vendors to the participating libraries were Springer (1.8%) and ProQuest/Coutts (1.5%).
You can find the entire report here.
GAO report estimates that food insecurity is on the rise among college students
Image credit: Government Accountability Office
The Government Accountability Office (GAO) recently released a report estimating the prevalence of food insecurity among college students in the United States. The report authors reviewed 31 studies to determine what is known about the extent of food insecurity on college campuses, and analyzed the most recent National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS) data to estimate the number of college students at risk for food insecurity.
The studies that the GAO reviewed estimated that food insecurity could affect a wide range of college students – from 1 in 10 (9%) to over half (50%). Twenty-two of the 31 studies reviewed estimated that over a third (33%) of college students were experiencing food insecurity. Several studies estimated that students at 2-year colleges were more likely than those at 4-year institutions to be food insecure.
The report authors also identified risk factors that are commonly associated with food insecurity and analyzed NPSAS data to determine how common those risk factors are among undergraduate students. The seven risk factors identified are:
Having a low income
Being a first generation college student
Receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits
Being a single parent
Being homeless or at risk of homelessness
Being a former foster youth
Having a low income was the most common risk factor and affected about 2 in 5 (39%) undergraduates. Three-quarters (75%) of low-income students also experienced additional risk factors – of the low-income students, about a third (31%) are first-generation college students, a third (31%) receive SNAP benefits, and a quarter (25%) are single parents. Risk factors were more prevalent among students attending two-year institutions than their counterparts attending 4-year institutions. The number of college students experiencing one or more risk factors has increased (from 28% to 39%) since 1996, meaning that more students are at risk of being food insecure.
Academic libraries, like public libraries, are well-positioned to help address food insecurity among college students. They can distribute information clarifying which students are eligible for SNAP (which can often be confusing), create library guides pointing students to research and resources, and set up displays with information about food resources on campus.
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