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If Allies are earning their Rating by playing fairly, they deserve to be in the Tier they're in. They earn their Rewards. It doesn't matter if an 8 Mil is in the same Tier as a 3 Mil. If both Allies earned their right to be there, it's fair. War Rating is based on cumulative Wins and/or Losses. There is no way of stopping people from starting a lower-Rated Ally and playing in a smaller Ally. I'm not sure if you're concerned about the system or personally offended that both Allies are at the same stage, but the bottom line is the War Rating reflects the skill in War. Not the Ally Rating. I can assure you if a 3 Mil Ally wins enough times, they will meet a 10 Mil Ally. Based on how they do, they will either win or lose, and that's fair because they have earned their Rating to Match them. I think you're either investing too much pride into the Ally Rating, or wearing too many hats. Lol. Either way, I don't agree that the system is unfair. Skill is reflected in how well they do, not what their Rating is. You can't say an 8 Mil Win is worth more than a 3 Mil Win because that all depends on how they've earned that Win. It's not by default. They don't stumble on the Rating, unless they're hopping and using a pre-existing Rating, in which case they won't maintain it unless they have the skills regardless. I'm sorry, but there is nothing stopping Allies of lower Ratings from working their way up the Tiers. That's fair.
No an 8mil win is not worth more than an 3mil win....
If a 3 mil ally can get to tier 5 only facing 3 mil allies does that show it is better than an 8mil ally that can only male it to tier 7 facing 8mil allies????
I think not.....
If both allies folowed the same road the ally with the higher war rating will have proved itself better.
But atm they are on different roads...
When you are weak and can only complete heroic difficuly you get one set of rewards....
Once you get stronger and can do master you get greater rewards....
Once you progress more you get uncollected and get more rewards....
However in war atm as lower weak ally its like you are competig against heroic but getting master difficulty rewards.....
While a stronger ally is competing at master difficulty but getting only heroic rewards....
Eventually the weak may face a really strong opponent but meanwhile it has been on the easy road getting rewards easier...
I am sorry but if an ally cant beat mine it doesnt deserve to be above me.....
My 3mil ally could not beat my 8mil ally and therefore does not deserve to be above me...
Hardly seems fair....
. I can assure you if a 3 Mil Ally wins enough times, they will meet a 10 Mil Ally..
I have provided evidence that contradicts that so far.
I have provided evidence to support my claim.
Saying that it happened in the past is not good enough.
My claim
Is that matchmaking has changed and is now unfair.
I will only believe you once i see proof.
And even if they do once season about all the wins amd season points along the way?? If they faced 2-5mil allies along the way to tier 4 and won 12 wars before this happened they already a big step infront of the stronger ally who has won 1 lost one or even won 2 lost one down much lower due to multiplier.
another thread of someone trying to convince gw that there is a problem, look at 3/4 of the threads in this forum, they are the same thing, he never changes his stance maat, yes it's clearly exploitable and probably the reason kabam have kept it quiet, until this thread very few people realised, your bubble analogy was good maat, i agree with DNA this is probably because of the people who complained in forums about unfair matchups against much higher ranked alliances, when they had earnt their way their to fight them. Probably by spending and punching above their weight, and in my opinion it was time for them to be beaten and settle to where they actually belong. Personally I think the war rating only metric was the fairest in the game but it definitely caused a few complaints, I don't think there is a better or fairer option, with this coming to light I think personally the current system is less fair, but that is my opinion. gw I'm confused you say you have fought alliances with 2-3 times your war rating? I didn't think that was possible with the current system, as DNA said kabam have changed the metrics several times and so selling your 2/3*s may advantage you now, but maybe a bad idea in tHe long run
@Speeds80 i agree with everything you say there....
It maybe possible to fight much stronger allies up in top tiers where there is such a small pool of alliances fighting for matchups. Small allies couldnt survive up here.
But would not happen every time.
My alliance struggles against spenders because we dont spend much.
My 8 mil ally "could" compete against a 20mil ally if we spent alot.... but we never will...
War rating only allies will naturally fall into place with other evenly matched opponents....
It will take a while for the current "bubbles" to dissolve and everything to fall as it should.
But kabam need to do something here
@Kabam Miike
Gw plays in a lower tier maat, he's In a very relaxed alliance, I've got nothing against the guy and his opinions, he knows the game quite well I'm just saying don't waste your energy arguing with him as he never ever changes his stance. His position is clear, he likes the fact you can't face an alliance 3 times your size, my personal opinion is if you get there you've earnt it.
his comments on it being more to do with average rating than alliance rating probably come from his alliance not being full at times, so for example if his alliance only has 20 people in at the time, and his alliance is 5m (purely fictional example) I'm assuming he means sees matchups in outliers that he doesn't see when facing opponents with a similar number of members, so for example he fights a 9m alliance with 30 people, so their alliance rating is 80% higher but their average rating is only 20% different. (Again all just numbers for easy examples) and this is what I assume he is saying, I just wonder if the 2-3 times war rating examples are recent or before this current system. As it has clearly changed several times. My alliance is an upper/middle of the road 12m alliance 1500 war rating and we don't seem to face anyone less than 10 or more than 14, but I guess there are a lot of alliances in that kind of region. Thanks DNA for your work, great as usual, my alliance ran 2 wargroups last season and finished near the middle of gold 2, (3 groups when aq wasn't running ) we have figured with similar wins/ losses as last season but 3 groups we should make it into gold 1, currently in tier 7 though so this makes me think we need to hit tier 6 before season starts to have a better chance of this, it looks like it will be close and it does make me think that the tiers are too big, if we can run 2 groups and not use many items at all and finish in gold 2 easily, it seems like a lot more effort to only just make it out of the bracket/ possibly fail
@Speeds80 thanks for that info.... ur experiemce certainly matches mine.....
Both my allies ran 3 bgs last season and both of us finished gold 3....
My 8mil at 168 amd my 3mil at around 1400.
Speeds80 wrote: »
I don't sell Champs. I've fought Allies larger than ours, yes. Fair is fair. If an Ally fights and wins, they've earned their Rating and Rewards, plain as simple. The real issue is people take offense to the fact that smaller Allies could be in the same Bracket, but they wouldn't be had they not earned it.
On a personal note, we fight hard. The Wins we pull in are earned fairly with organization and teamwork. Do we win everytime? No. However, if anyone implies we are punching above our weight, they are wrong. We put the work in for our Wins.
Did they just delete my second comment? I can't see it anymore
Irregardless, I've said what I had to say and I'm not interested in another semi-personal banter. I disagree that the system is broken or unfair. That is my stance.
No I completely agree with what you've said there gw, I actually think it's fairer for small alliances to be able to fight much stronger alliances if they have earnt their way there, and the problem is that they then complain at how much stronger their opponent is, and this is what I believe has lead to this somewhat exploitable situation (if this theory is true) if kabam are using prestige as the factor instead of alliance rating that would be fairer but the fact I haven't seen what I used to see (7m alliances with better prestige than mine because they have all sold champs makes me think alliance rating maybe being used now)
if their War ratings are similar then they both deserve to be there as the high numbered alliance obviously hasn't been doing well, and the smaller alliance has been doing well, and may have actually got to a place where they need to lose a few and settle where they should be, but I feel like we are well off topic as this matchmaking criteria should probably be in its own thread. now anyway, I think the point that probably should be being discussed are whether there should be more tiers in the gold categories,
The point I'm making is it's impossible to have a system that is based on War Rating and Ally Rating indefinitely. It may be that an element is at play that tries to Match in the same Ally range, or it may be that this is the result of increased activity because Allies were running constant Wars through Seasons. One thing has been consistent, save for a few cases of mismatch, and that's the War Rating being in range. As far as I know, that's the largest deciding factor, and because it's based on Wins and Losses, it's inevitable that Allies will face larger ones eventually, if they gather enough Wins. The real issue for me would be the Top Tier pecking off much lower Allies during Seasons just to get constant Wars in, but I haven't seen it thus far. The War Rating range has been somewhat in proximity. Mind you, there have been a few random cases of a varied range, but I think that may have been more of a system default than a planned change.
Yes war rating is used
Yes it is always an even match
That is not in question
The point is alliance rating is also used.
Amd it is a factor that can be manipulated and exploited.
But in tiers 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, you have allies with ratings from 500k to 15mil.
A 2 mil ally can climb all the way to tier 5 fighting only other 2 mil allies and win easily
Where as a 10mil ally may only get to tier 10 cus it is fighting stronger opponents....
So wat if wen the 2mil alliy gets to tier 4 it now has to fight an 8mil ally cus there are no 2 mill allies left in tier 4.... it has had an easy run and scored alot of points to get there.
It will lose go back to toer 5 or 6 amd get matched against another 2 mil ally and begin to float around here
Whilst a stronger ally is floating around tier 9 dojng the same thing cus it is fighting tougher opposition.
If the 2 mil ally fought 8 mil alies it never would have got that high. Therefore does not deserve to be that high.
@Speeds80 it seems they did delete your post. Probs for talking bout gw.
Which shows they are reading this.
So kabam how about a response???
How about some info on this???
I have yet to see a 2 Mil Ally in Tier 5. I think you're exaggerating the data.
It would have to be one hell of an Ally to be able to traverse that high being that small. There may be similarities in Rating at certain Tiers, but Allies will still reach points they can't get past. Rating is no longer a metric that counts towards scoring. That's what you're noticing. The scoring is based on performance.
gohard123 Posts: 925 ★★★
almost 3 pages of only 2 people going back and forth
I was merely stating that i believe it would be possible with matchmaking the way it is....
Also a 2mil ally could have 30members that sell champs and have a small overall rating but a high level of strength in top champions. Meaning they will crush all other 2-4 mill allies they verse. It would take a stronger opponent to stop them. Undercurrent matchmaking this would not happen until they have climbed very high. If it happens at all. Meanwhile having scored easy wins exploiting matchmaking along the way
I enjoy the way @GroundedWisdom you only reply to certain parts of what i say. You have made some claims in what you are saying yet have been unable to provide evidence.
You tell me my evidence is wrong because you "think" think something different happens.
I think you need to collect evidence before making anymore claims and trying to refute my evodence.
Great you have the opinion he current system is right... i dissagree but good for you. But can you provide me with evidence to back up your claims?
This is an example of the situation we have atm
Alliances in "bubbles" fighting similar allies only.
Yes when an ally reaches the top of its bubble it will begin to fight allies in the next bubble... but will never fight an ally 2 bubbles higher. And after it loses one or two it wil be back in its own bubble.
An alliance at the top of 2-4 mil bubble is not going to be a stronger or better alliance than one in the middle of the 7-10 mil bubble my anymeans.
Yet will be rewarded better.
It is a moderate oversimplification, but the more I study the problem the more I believe you are on to something here. I assumed that the striation would eventually break up after enough wars are fought and at the top of your "silos" it has to, given how match ups work (at the very top of each finger of your diagram the number of alliances that could be there is small enough that the match making system diverges from the normal war rating/alliance rating one we've been discussing to guarantee eventually finding a match, the details of which are a bit sketchy and may have changed after season one because it caused a problem in tier 1) but it does now occur to me that before that happens the segregation in alliance rating can create semi-stable divergences in war rating.
Or to put it another way, when you say a 2 million win isn't worth as much as an 8 million win, I think you and I might differ on precisely in what way that's true, but I'm increasingly convinced that is true in a technical rating sense.
@Kabam Miike I believe this is definitely worth bringing to the developer's attention. The short summary of the problem is this. Start with @Maat1985 's diagram above. Consider that when you match by war rating and alliance rating, in any tier where there are enough alliances the net effect is that all alliances only fight alliances of similar alliance rating. That means in effect it is almost like all the three million alliances are playing a different game than the eight million alliances, and getting ranked separately. The alliances are not actually being ranked against each other. To become the top ranked three million alliance, you only have to beat all other three million alliances. You don't have to beat any four million alliances, because you are never matched against them.
Mathematically speaking, that significantly impairs the ability for war rating to properly assess and rank all alliances. Even though I believe Kabam added alliance rating to match making to address complaints, I believe it has to be removed. I can't yet prove the problem @Maat1985 specifies is widespread, but the system is definitely vulnerable to it. I'm convinced this is a more significant problem than I initially believed it to be.
@DNA3000 i agree my diagram is an oversimplification.
I lt was just something i put together to hopefully better illustrate my point.
I am hoping now that my 3mil ally will be able to string some good wins together now after recruiting some skilled players with newer weaker accounts. I plan to see hw high we can climb whilst still fighting similar rated allies.
With any luck this will help find some answers.
Some input from some lower rated allies who are sitting higher up in tiers would be good. Although most of them probably dont want to as they are enjoying the fruits of this problem.
LilMaddogHT Posts: 818 ★★★★
While I'll agree that the war matching system is not perfected, it is improved from what is was when Season 1 started.
We are a 6m ally participating in 1 BG wars in tier 3. We ended season 1 in Gold 2. Regardless of ally or war rating, all I will say is that, if you win wars, you will climb in war rating AND tier - there is no argument against that. At some point you will climb to a point where you will win about 50/50 of the wars and I believe that is where you belong until you can improve your skill, AW strategy, attack champs, and/or defense champs which will make you climb higher. Oh, you can spend too to help climb (whether it's spending your time to gain in-game resources or your money from your wallet to buy it).
@LilMaddogHT to a point you are correct..... eventually everyone slots into a place that they fit..... noone can argue that.
The issue here is that a 3mil allies mostly fight other 3mil allies whilst 8mil allies fight mostly other 8mil allies.
So they are essentially playing in different leagues yet being ranked together....
6mil ally in tier 3 is interesting. Quite high for a low rating ally.
What is the rating of most allies you fight?? I would guess mistly between 5 and 8????
So whilst we are stick down low maybe we should look at doing 1 or 2 bg wars in an attempt to climb.....
Get to a higher tier say 6 or 7 and then begin doing 3bg wars and we should be able to maintain it once we are there....
My point is we improved our champs.... and our rating grew as a result.... at the same time we also improved our skill and organisation....
But instead of growing we fell... cus we met harder competition... we could have maintained tier 6 or 7 wen we were weaker.... we wanted to go higher.... so we pushed and grew.... but instead we just faced stronger opponents....
5mil we were happy in tier 7 fighting other 5mil allies for a 50/50 ratio... then we decided to recruit some stronger players so we could grow... we became 8mil... we started facing 8mil allies. We perform better but so do they....
We should have stayed weaker we would have been getting better rewards...
If you want to go that route, it's legal. You still have to be able to maintain whatever Bracket you land in.
This is crazy wen u do this math on season score....
Yeah of course. I feel cus matchmaking is the way it os it is much easier to maintain any tier as opposed to climbing....
There is no such thing as a perfect system. If people are looking hard enough, they're going to find a way to work it. In terms of Allies playing honestly and going up in Brackets, that is fair regardless of their Rating. They earn it. I'm not entirely sure why you're pointing out ways to manipulate it, but wherever there is a system, people will try. It's fair for those who play honestly. I'm sorry if you feel a certain way about the Tiers being proportionate to Rating, but I disagree. If an Ally earned their Rating, they deserve to go up. You can try to climb using 1 BG, but when you Match 3, you will be met with different Allies with the skill and means to maintain whatever Tier you switch over in, and you won't be able to stay there and accumulate Points unless you have the ability to do so. The system may not be perfect, but it's fair. You keep what you kill.
are you missing my point????
We were weaker and didnt foght wars as well and we were higher......
We grew stronger and got better at wars and then we fell.....
We got stronger and better.....
We are struggling more than we we were weaker and not as good....
Simple if 3mil allies only match agains allies 2-5 mil then they should be on a seperate leaderboard, ranking and reward structure then
8mil allies that match agianst 7-10 mil allies....
Just because a 3 mil ally can beat a 4 mill does not mean they deserve more rewards than a 8mill ally that beats 9 mil allies but loses to 10mil allies....
People say you want more rewards.... get better... get stronger.... improve your skill... improve your communication...
We did all that...
It didnt work....
We just fell behind cus all we got was tougher competition...
I know we are better at wars now.... but we get less rewards...
I will push my less skilled and less organised 3mil ally up.... and then we will see....
Atm lower ally with less skill and organisation is getting more rewards for me.....
Gunna keep going and see how high we get before it chamges

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Actiu and Alegre Design Unveil TNK Flex & eFit
Actiu, through its Research and Development team, together with Alegre Design, has created eFIT, a chair designed for millennials, in constant search of design and functionality; and TNK Flex, a chair that can anticipate the user's needs and that is able to adapt itself to the user's movements and morphology.
TNK Flex is an operational and executive chair which anticipates, in an intuitive way, the needs of the user, adapting itself to the morphology and movements of the human body and adjusting the backrest and seat as if it were a second skin. "The seat has been designed based on a similar technology employed in the lorry cabins: a suspended seat that provides a feeling of weightlessness," explained Marcelo Alegre, designer Alegre Design. "The contact area with the user is provided by air chambers in the foam of the seat which favours compression and decompression, so that the seat houses, absorbs and adapts its shape to the specific needs of the user, creating a sense of balance and well-being.
"From this comfortable and stable seat of the user, we have created an intelligent backrest, in an orbital way that brings the back home automatically adjusting all movements without the user having to activate any mechanism."
eFit features a flexible, breathable backrest which responds to the movements of the back through a dynamic lumbar system, supporting this area in a way that relieves the upper part of the back and neck.
Efit is highly customizable, such as its single colour design (black or white), fully upholstered backrest - an option for improved comfort - or matching casing and upholstery. All this to respond to the needs of a connected, free and spontaneous generation that know how to make it their own and make it fit in all kinds of workspaces, be they traditional offices, home offices or coworking spaces.
Website actiu.com
Category Furniture Manufacturers
Filed under Furniture Design
Last updated Nov 20, 2016 4:14 am EST
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3rd Annual C-IDEA Design Award: Call for Entries


text:
Apple reportedly switching to OLED iPhone screens in 2018
By Ryan Whitwam 11.27.2015 :: 5:20PM EDT 11.27.2015
RyanWhitwam
Apple has always used LCD display technology in the iPhone, but reports are now claiming the technology giant is planning a switch to OLED screens. Apple is reportedly meeting with suppliers to lay the groundwork for the switch, which could happen in 2018. That would be the iPhone 8 generation.
The current iPhone 6s Plus has a 1080p LCD, the highest among Apple's smartphones. Android devices have moved to 2560 x 1440 LCDs in some cases, but these panels tend to be noticeably dimmer and use more power than lower resolution screens. OLED displays have the advantage here as the light is produced by the pixels themselves rather than a backlight.
An iPhone with an OLED screen would have several improvements compared to today's LCD iPhones. The colors would be much more vibrant, for example. OLEDs also have perfect black levels and contrast because black pixels are simply off. This could allow for improved battery life in dark interfaces. OLED panels are flexible too, which has allowed Samsung and LG to sell curved smartphones.
The problem (and the reason Apple is said to be meeting with suppliers so early) is that Samsung is the only company that can produce OLED panels in significant volume. All of its high-end phones have Super AMOLED screens, which are the best displays available on a phone right now. LG is expected to expand production of OLEDs, which it has used on a handful of phones so far. Japanese display makers JD and Sharp might see their orders from Apple fall as Samsung and LG start supplying Cupertino with AMOLEDs.
Apple ships more than 200 million iPhones every year. We might see a situation where some variants of the iPhone come with OLED panels and cheaper ones still use LCD. They've got a few years to work out the details anyway.
More in Apple
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ABC Green Lights New Show About Illegal Immigrants Called 'Sanctuary Family'
Leah Barkoukis
@LeahBarkoukis
ABC is developing a comedy series about illegal immigrants called "Sanctuary Family." The story follows a husband and wife who bicker over the chaos that is created when their illegal immigrant nanny and her family take up residence with the couple.
"The differences both families have aren't as significant as their similarities," the network said in a statement, Fox News reported.
The project is the latest in a series of shows that center around immigration.
This is the latest project about immigration to go into development at the broadcast networks in recent weeks. Gina Rodriguez has set up Latino-led series at CBS and The CW. At CBS, drama "Have Mercy" centers around a Latina doctor who is unable to practice when she immigrates to Miami. She begins work as a nurse's assistant, but risks everything when she opens a makeshift clinic in her apartment to serve the community. At CW, dramedy "Illegal" follows a 16-year-old American high school student named Rafael who discovers he is in fact undocumented.
Meanwhile, Fox is developing "In the Country We Love," based on the memoir of the same name by "Orange Is the New Black" star Diane Guerrero. That project was set up at CBS last year, with Guerrero attached to star as an attorney who begins defending undocumented immigrants for free, with Guerrero also attached as an executive producer. Finally, CBS is developing the comedy "Welcome to Maine," which follows a ninth-generation Maine family and a recent immigrant and his daughter who must all learn to embrace change when they share the same workplace in a tiny rural town. Greg Garcia serves as executive producer on the project. (Variety)
The leftward move by the network comes after executives canceled the conservative-friendly "Last Man Standing" show with Tim Allen, which was one of ABC's best-rated shows, averaging 8.1 million viewers a week. Only ABC's "Grey's Anatomy" and "Modern Family" surpassed the series in ratings.
The executives' decision to green light "Sanctuary Family" also comes after President Trump announced he would end the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program with a six-month delay.


House Speaker Michael Madigan says an out-of-state family funeral will prevent him from attending the highly publicized budget summit with Gov. Bruce Rauner on Wednesday.
The Chicago Democrat said in a statement Saturday that Revenue and Finance Committee Chairman John Bradley of Marion will represent House Democrats at the meeting in the Republican governor's Springfield office.
In response, Rauner's spokesperson told NBC Chicago that the governor has rescheduled the meeting.
"Out of respect for the Speaker's family obligations and to help facilitate the attendance of all four legislative leaders, we are rescheduling the meeting as outlined yesterday for December 1 in Springfield. Our thoughts and prayers are with the Speaker and his family at this time," said Catherine Kelly, the governor's spokesperson.
Rauner announced Friday night that he believes the meeting should be open to the public for opening statements by him and other leaders but then private for budget negotiations. It was originally pitched as a public meeting.
The first-year executive and Democrats who control the Legislature have bickered over a state budget, which should have taken effect July 1.
Madigan's statement said he continues to "support an open and public discussion" on the issue.


On behalf of Kring & Chung, LLP posted in Publications on Tuesday, January 19, 2016.
2015 was another busy year for the California Legislature when it came to adopting new employment related laws that are effective in 2016. While this list is not exhaustive, it provides an overview of the key legislation employers in California should be aware of.
AB 987 - Reasonable Accommodation & Retaliation - This law makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employer to retaliate or otherwise discriminate against a person for "requesting" an accommodation for a physical or mental disability or religious belief or observance, regardless of whether the request was granted.
This bill was sponsored by the California Employment Lawyers Association (CELA) and is in direct response to a recent California Court of Appeal decision, Rope v. Auto-Clor System of Washington, Inc., 220 Cal. App. 4th 635 (2013). According to the Committee analysis, CELA states that, as a result of the Rope decision, courts have dismissed cases where an employee was fired or otherwise discriminated against in retaliation for simply making a request for reasonable accommodation for a disability or religion.
AB 1509 - Whistleblower & Retaliation - This law expands on existing laws to prohibit employers from retaliating against an employee when the employee's family member (who also works for the same employer) engages in whistleblowing. Whistleblowing occurs when an employee suffers adverse employment actions for complaining about unsafe conditions, violations of state or federal laws, or wage theft.
A business necessity. A "business necessity" is defined as an overriding legitimate business purpose such that the factor relied upon effectively fulfills the business purpose it is supposed to serve.
The bill also prohibits an employer from discharging, discriminating or retaliating against, any employee by reason of any action taken by the employee to invoke in any manner the enforcement of the Act. For example, if a female employee asks to see the pay records of her male counterparts in the same position, the employer cannot terminate or retaliated against the female employee for making this request.
While written "gender neutral," this bill was written to address claims that female employees are paid less for the same or similar job performed by males. This bill also makes it unlawful for an employer to prohibit an employee from disclosing the employee's own wages, discussing the wages of others, or inquiring about another employee's wages if the purpose of the disclosure, discussion, or inquiry is to invoke or enforce the rights granted by this bill.
Kring & Chung recently published a more detailed analysis of this bill. Click here to read more.
AB 1506 - PAGA Right to Cure - In a bill helpful for employers, AB 1506 amends the Private Attorney General Act ("PAGA") to allow employers an opportunity to cure several types of itemized wage statement violations before an employee can sue. These violations include a failure to provide employees with itemized wage statements that include the pay period dates or a failure to list the legal name and entity of the payor as often times the employee's employer is not paying the wages, rather another legal entity is.
AB 1513 - Piece Rate - This law significantly affects any employer who has compensated their employees on a piece rate basis for any work performed during a pay period for the last four years. The new law has two main purposes: (1) to set forth "new" requirements for compensating piece rate workers for their non-productive time, including rest and recovery periods, travel time, safety meetings, etc.; and (2) to create an affirmative defense for employers who are currently facing or in the future may face lawsuits for failure to pay piece rate workers for rest and recovery breaks and non-productive time.
This bill requires the itemized wage statements provided to employees, who are compensated on a piece-rate basis, to separately state (1) the total hours of rest and recovery periods, the rate of pay (regular rate of pay), and the gross wages paid for those periods during the pay period; and, (2) the total hours of other non-productive time, the rate of pay, and the gross wages paid for that time during the pay period. The bill also requires those employees to be compensated for rest and recovery periods at the "regular rate of pay" and other non-productive time at the contractual hourly rate in excess of the current minimum hourly wage rate, separately from any piece-rate compensation. The bill defined "other non-productive time" to mean time under the employer's control, exclusive of rest and recovery periods, that is not directly related to the activity being compensated on a piece-rate basis.
The bill further provides that, until January 1, 2021, an employer shall have an affirmative defense to any claim or cause of action for recovery of wages, damages, liquidated damages, statutory penalties, or civil penalties based solely on the employer's failure to timely pay the employee the compensation due for rest and recovery periods and other nonproductive time for time periods prior to and including December 31, 2015, if, by no later than December 15, 2016, the employer complies with specified requirements (basically paying all employees unpaid or underpaid back wages).
Note the bill does not address (1) overtime claims, (2) meal period violations, or (3) claims relating to unlawful employment policies such as failure to advise employees to take their breaks or preventing employees from taking rest and recovery breaks.
Kring & Chung has been heavily involved in assisting contractors, who routinely utilize piece rate to pay its employees, in bringing them into compliance with the requirements of AB 1513.
SB 588 - A Fair Day's Pay Act - Another stab at employers that utilize a piece rate system, SB 588, gives the California Labor Commissioner new mechanisms to collect back wages from employers who have exhausted all appeals for their non-payment of wages and have final judgments owed. The bill would authorize the Labor Commissioner to use any of the existing remedies available to a judgment creditor and to act as a levying officer when enforcing a judgment pursuant to a writ of execution. It requires a business that has an outstanding unpaid judgment against them to purchase a wage bond of $150,000. If it fails to do that, the employer can be subject to a stop work order and a lien at the Labor Commissioner's discretion.
SB 588 also gives the Labor Commissioner the authority to hold individual business owners liable for their company's debts to workers. By applying an existing employment law (Labor Code section 558) to wage claims, responsible individuals can held personally liable. This was done to discourage business owners from closing up their operations and starting a new company and avoiding their debts to employees. The new law also improves collection methods by giving the Labor Commissioner greater flexibility and power in choosing how to secure the assets needed to pay judgments a business owes its employees.
AB 622 - E-Verify - E -Verify is an internet-based system that compares information from an employee's Form I-9 to data from U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Social Security Administration records to confirm employment eligibility. There are very specific rules regarding when, where and how an employer can utilize E-Verify in its hiring practices, which is what this bill is clarifying. AB 622 prohibits employers from using E-Verify in a manner that is inconsistent with federal law.
As indicated in the Senate analysis of the bill, AB 622 limits the misuse of E-Verify by prohibiting "unscrupulous" employers from engaging in unjust E-Verify practices against workers and creates financial civil penalties for employers who maliciously use E-Verify to discriminate against their workforce. The penalty is $10,000 for each violation.
AB 202 - Cheerleaders - While this bill may not be of interest to most of our readers, what is important to note is the Legislature continues to take steps to ensure that employers do not misclassify their workers as "independent contractors" when they are really employees, to avoid having to pay employment taxes. This bill requires professional sports teams to classify professional cheerleaders as employees, not independent contractors.
Proper classification of a person as either an employee v. independent contractor or exempt v. non-exempt is absolutely essential. Misclassification can costs employers hundreds of thousands of dollars, particularly if a class action is filed. Kring & Chung regularly provides classification advice and analysis to its clients. If you have concerns whether a particular person is properly classified, contact an employment attorney at Kring & Chung.
Specifies that an "employee in the construction industry" means an employee performing work - deleting the reference to "onsite work" in the current provisions of the law.
Specifies that the law applies to an employee who works in California "for the same employer" for 30 or more days within a year.
Provides that an employer may use a different accrual method, other than providing one hour per every 30 hours worked, provided that the accrual is on a regular basis so that an employee has no less than 24 hours of accrued sick leave or paid time off by the 120th calendar day of employment or each calendar year, or in each 12-month period.
Provides that an employer may satisfy the accrual requirements of this section by providing not less than 24 hours or three days of paid sick leave that is available to the employee to use by the completion of his or her 120th calendar day of employment.
Provides that an employer is not required to reinstate accrued paid time off to a rehired employee that was paid out at the time of termination, resignation, or separation of employment.
Provides that if an employer provides unlimited paid sick leave or unlimited paid time off, the employer may satisfy a specified written notice requirement of existing law by indicating on the notice or the employee's itemized wage statement that such leave is "unlimited."
SB 579 - Kin Care and School Activities Leave - Changes were made to the Kin Care law to be in accordance with the Paid Sick leave law addressed above. This bill allows employees to use Kin Care for the same reasons that employees can use Paid Sick leave - to care for not only oneself, but a sick "family member," as defined by AB 1522.
The current School Activities leave allows an employee to take time away from work to attend a child's school activities during the work day. This bill now allows a parent employee to take time away from work to find a school or a licensed child care provider for enrollment purposes.
AB 560 - Child Labor - This law adds a section to the Code of Civil Procedure that bars the consideration of a child's immigration status in civil actions involving liability or remedy.
This bills stems from a lawsuit by more than 80 elementary school children against the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) for alleged sexual misconduct by one of the district's former teachers. Many of the victims in the lawsuit were undocumented. During the litigation, attorneys for the children filed motions to preclude inquiry into the immigration status of the children in the case. In response, the attorneys for the LAUSD requested that the court deny the children's motion based on the holding in Hernández v. Paicius, (2003) 109 Cal. App. 4th 425, 460, which held that if a plaintiff is seeking damages for loss of earnings or lost wages, the plaintiff's immigration status is relevant to the determination of the plaintiff's potential for earning money in the future.
Notably, existing law specifies a number of situations where immigration status is not to be considered, however it did not address protections for minor children or personal injury matters. We have seen this problem in California sweat shops were garment manufacturers employ immigrant minor children and yet do not pay them for minimum wages.
Allyson K. Thompson is a Partner with Kring & Chung, LLP's Irvine, CA office. She can be reached at (949) 261-7700 or athompson@kringandchung.com .


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Saphnelo approved in the EU for the treatment of moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus
16 February 2022 07:00 GMT
Saphnelo is a first-in-class type I interferon receptor antibody and the only new medicine in over a decade for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
AstraZeneca's Saphnelo (anifrolumab) has been approved in the European Union as an add-on therapy for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe, active autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite receiving standard therapy.
Saphnelo is the first biologic for SLE approved in Europe with an indication that is not restricted to patients with a high degree of disease activity. SLE is a serious and complex autoimmune condition that can affect any organ, and patients often experience inadequate disease control, long-term organ damage and poor health-related quality of life.1-3 There are approximately 250,000 people with SLE in Europe, and most are women who are diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 45.4
The approval by the European Commission was based on results from the Saphnelo clinical development programme, including the TULIP Phase III trials and the MUSE Phase II trial.5-7 Across clinical trials, more patients treated with Saphnelo experienced a reduction in overall disease activity across organ systems and achieved sustained reduction in oral corticosteroid (OCS) use compared to placebo.5-7 Minimising OCS use while reducing disease activity is an important treatment goal in SLE to reduce the risk of organ damage.8,9 The approval follows the recommendation by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency in December 2021.
Ronald van Vollenhoven, Chair of Rheumatology and Director of the Amsterdam Rheumatology Center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands said, "In Europe, there have been limited treatment options for patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus and many patients face poor outcomes. Anifrolumab targets the type I interferon pathway, which is known to play a central role in lupus pathophysiology. Today's approval is an important step forward in treating this disease."
Mene Pangalos, Executive Vice President, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, said: "Saphnelo is the first new medicine for systemic lupus erythematosus to gain approval in Europe in over a decade and is the only biologic not restricted to patients with a high degree of disease activity. Saphnelo has demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits and we look forward to bringing it to patients as quickly as possible."
The most frequent adverse reactions that occurred in patients who received Saphnelo in the controlled clinical trials included upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, infusion-related reactions and herpes zoster.5-7
Saphnelo was recently approved in the US, Japan and Canada for the treatment of SLE, and regulatory reviews are ongoing in additional countries. The Phase III trial in SLE using subcutaneous delivery has been initiated and additional Phase III trials are planned for lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and myositis. 10,11
AstraZeneca acquired global rights to Saphnelo through an exclusive license and collaboration agreement with Medarex, Inc. in 2004. The option for Medarex to co-promote the product expired on its acquisition by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) in 2009. Under the agreement, AstraZeneca will pay BMS a low to mid-teens royalty for sales dependent on geography.
SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks healthy tissue in the body.13 It is a chronic and complex disease with a variety of clinical manifestations that can impact many organs and can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, rashes, fatigue, swelling in joints and fevers.2 More than 50% of patients with SLE develop permanent organ damage, caused by the disease or existing treatments, which exacerbates symptoms and increases the risk of mortality.13,14
TULIP-1, TULIP-2 and MUSE
All three trials for Saphnelo (TULIP-1, TULIP-2 and MUSE) were randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials in patients with moderate to severe SLE who were receiving standard therapy.5-7 Standard therapy included at least one of the following: OCS, antimalarials and immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil).5-7
The pivotal TULIP (Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway) Phase III programme included two trials, TULIP-1 and TULIP-2, that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Saphnelo versus placebo.5,6 TULIP-2 demonstrated superiority across multiple efficacy endpoints versus placebo with both arms receiving standard therapy.5 In the trial, 362 eligible patients were randomised (1:1) and received a fixed-dose intravenous infusion of 300mg Saphnelo or placebo every four weeks.5 TULIP-2 assessed the effect of Saphnelo in reducing disease activity as measured by the BILAG-Based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) scale.5 In TULIP-1, 457 eligible patients were randomised (1:2:2) and received a fixed-dose intravenous infusion of 150mg Saphnelo, 300mg Saphnelo or placebo every four weeks, in addition to standard therapy.6 The trial did not meet its primary endpoint based on the SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI4) composite measure.6
The MUSE Phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of two doses of Saphnelo versus placebo.7 In MUSE, 305 adults were randomised and received a fixed-dose intravenous infusion of 300mg Saphnelo, 1,000mg Saphnelo or placebo every four weeks, in addition to standard therapy, for 48 weeks.7 The trial showed improvement versus placebo across multiple efficacy endpoints with both arms receiving standard therapy.7
Results from the TULIP-2 Phase III trial were published in The New England Journal of Medicine in January 2020, results from the TULIP-1 Phase III trial were published in The Lancet Rheumatology in December 2019 and results from the MUSE Phase II trial were published in Arthritis & Rheumatology in November 2016.
In SLE, along with the pivotal TULIP Phase III programme, Saphnelo continues to be evaluated in a long-term extension Phase III trial15 and a Phase III trial assessing subcutaneous delivery.10 In addition, AstraZeneca is exploring the potential of Saphnelo in a variety of diseases in which type I interferon (IFN) plays a key role, including lupus nephritis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus and myositis.11
Saphnelo
Saphnelo (anifrolumab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type I IFN receptor, blocking the activity of type I IFN.7 Type I IFNs, such as IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-kappa, are cytokines involved in regulating the inflammatory pathways implicated in SLE.16-21 The majority of adults with SLE have increased type I IFN signalling, which is associated with increased disease activity and severity.16,22
AstraZeneca in Respiratory & Immunology
Respiratory & Immunology, part of BioPharmaceuticals, is one of AstraZeneca's main disease areas and is a key growth driver for the Company.
AstraZeneca is an established leader in respiratory care with a 50-year heritage. The Company aims to transform the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by focusing on earlier biology-led treatment, eliminating preventable asthma attacks and removing COPD as a top-three leading cause of death. The Company's early respiratory research is focused on emerging science involving immune mechanisms, lung damage and abnormal cell-repair processes in disease and neuronal dysfunction.
With common pathways and underlying disease drivers across respiratory and immunology, AstraZeneca is following the science from chronic lung diseases to immunology-driven disease areas. The Company's growing presence in immunology is focused on five mid- to late-stage franchises with multi-disease potential, in areas including rheumatology (including SLE), dermatology, gastroenterology, and systemic eosinophilic-driven diseases. AstraZeneca's ambition in Respiratory & Immunology is to achieve disease modification and durable remission for millions of patients worldwide.
AstraZeneca (LSE/STO/Nasdaq: AZN) is a global, science-led biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the discovery, development, and commercialisation of prescription medicines in Oncology, Rare Diseases, and BioPharmaceuticals, including Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, and Respiratory & Immunology. Based in Cambridge, UK, AstraZeneca operates in over 100 countries and its innovative medicines are used by millions of patients worldwide. Please visit astrazeneca.com and follow the Company on Twitter @AstraZeneca.
For details on how to contact the Investor Relations Team, please click here. For Media contacts, click here.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/lupus/facts/detailed.html [Last accessed: February 2022]
2. American College of Rheumatology. Guidelines for referral and management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 1999; 42: 1785-1796.
3. Touma Z, et al. Current and future therapies for SLE: obstacles and recommendations for the development of novel treatments. Lupus Sci Med. 2017; 4: e000239.
4. Cornet A, et al. Living with systemic lupus erythematosus in 2020: a European patient survey. Lupus Sci Med. 2021; 8: e000469.
5. Morand EF, et al. Trial of Anifrolumab in Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(3):211-221.
6. Furie R, et al. Type I interferon inhibitor anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus (TULIP-1): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Rheumatol. 2019; 1 (4): e208-e219.
7. Furie R, et al. Anifrolumab, an Anti–Interferon‐α Receptor Monoclonal Antibody, in Moderate‐to‐Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017; 69 (2) :376-386.
8. Al Sawah S, et al. Effect of corticosteroid use by dose on the risk of developing organ damage over time in systemic lupus erythematosus-the Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Lupus Sci Med. 2015; 2 (1): e000066.
9. Kabadi S, et al. Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with long-term corticosteroid exposure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2018; 27 (11): 1799-1809.
10. ClinicalTrials.gov. Subcutaneous Anifrolumab in Adult Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Tulip SC). Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04877691 [Last accessed: February 2022]
11. AstraZeneca plc. Saphnelo (anifrolumab) approved in the US for moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Available at: https://www.astrazeneca.com/media-centre/press-releases/2021/saphnelo-approved-in-the-us-for-sle.html [Last accessed: February 2022]
12. The Lupus Foundation of America. What is lupus? Available at: https://www.lupus.org/resources/what-is-lupus [Last accessed: February 2022]
13. Bruce IN, et al. Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the systemic lupus international collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 1706-1713
14. Segura BT, et al. Damage accrual and mortality over long-term follow-up in 300 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a multi-ethnic British cohort. Rheumatol. 2020; 59 (3): 524-533.
15. ClinicalTrials.gov. Long Term Safety of Anifrolumab in Adult Subjects With Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (TULIP SLE LTE). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794285 [Last accessed: February 2022].
16. Lauwerys BR, et al. Type I interferon blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand? Rheumatol. 2014; 53: 1369-1376.
17. Sarkar MK, et al. Photosensitivity and type I IFN responses in cutaneous lupus are driven by epidermal-derived interferon kappa. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77: 1653-1664.
18. Jefferies CA. Regulating IRFs in IFN Driven Disease. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 325.
19. Mai L, et al. The baseline interferon signature predicts disease severity over the subsequent 5 years in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021; 23: 29.
20. López de Padilla CM, et al. The Type I Interferons: Basic Concepts and Clinical Relevance in Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Gene. 2016; 576 (101): 14-21.
21. Rönnblom L, et al. Interferon pathway in SLE: one key to unlocking the mystery of the disease. Lupus Sci Med. 2019; 6 (1): e000270.
22. Crow MK. Type I Interferon in the Pathogenesis of Lupus. J Immunol. 2014; 192 (12): 5459-5468.
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In 1999 Destiny's Child released their sophomore album, The Writing's on the Wall. The album earned Destiny's Child six Grammy nominations and went eight times platinum in the United States. On this album Destiny's Child took more control in the production and writing process.
Nearly 15 years later in 2014, Danish DJ duo Borneland took an equally creative approach on their remix of "Bug-a-Boo". On the original track, you can hear interpolations of Toto's "Child's Anthem". But the remix goes in a different direction. The infectious bassline gives the track an evolved sound.
From the moment you hear Beyonce sing, "You make me wanna…" you'll be hooked on this track. What makes this remix even more impressive it was Borneland's first official release.
The first release often ends up completely different from the original idea, due to the fact that one has so many expectations… All these imaginations, combined with perfectionism, one ends up spending too much time on details and the original idea disappears – this is a shame! To avoid this (unnecessary) "first-time-nervousness", we chose to start out with something as silly (to us at least), but classic, as a different version of "Bug a Boo" by Destiny's Child.
As a matter of fact, did you know that Beyoncé, LeToya, LaTavia and Kelly Rowland did exactly the same thing in the making of their single? Try listening to the original "Bug a Boo"- single and you will find clear references to Toto's classic from 1978 "Child's Anthem".


Pumpkin Palooza with Mr. Clean & Giveaway!
This post is sponsored by Mr. Clean. All opinions are mine alone.
This past weekend was one of the best ever! We hosted a pumpkin carving party for a few of our friends, and it was so much fun. We carve pumpkins the weekend before Halloween every year. I switched out our regular all-purpose cleaner for the Mr. Clean Multi-Surface Concentrate Cleaner for a week before our party. I like to prep for parties for the entire week beforehand. We are so busy, it is easier to clean a little bit each day than to clean everything in one day.
I used the Mr. Clean on nearly every surface. Counters, floors, doors, tables, you name it. I am super happy with both the results and the scent. It has a fresh, lemon scent that I love and everything was super clean for the party.
I had purchased a total of 7 pumpkins for the party. Five were for carving and two were for painting. Izzie and her cousin are a little too young to participate in the carving, so we had them painting their little pumpkins. They were so cute (and messy)! In the past, we've carved a total of maybe 2 or 3 pumpkins for Halloween. We had never carved 5 at once … and, wow! I could not believe the amount of pumpkin guts that were piled on the table!
There were two piles that size on the table!
We made some tasty, tasty treats for the party. Of course, we roasted the pumpkin seeds in pumpkin seed oil, honey, and salt. They were delicious! Will and I made caramel apples, which I heard were delicious. I'll just have to take everyone's word on that, since I am allergic to apples. I can vouch for the caramel cream sauce! That was delicious, and we used the leftover caramel cream sauce on popcorn. It was so sticky and tasty.
Last, but certainly not least, we had some pretty amazing apple cider floats. I'd never made floats like this, but they were so good! In our pumpkin tureen, I mixed equal amounts of apple cider and ginger ale. We took vanilla bean ice cream and placed a few scoops in the Halloween cups, then we spooned the cider and ginger ale mix over the ice cream. We finished it off with a drizzle of caramel sauce.
Mr. Clean was kind enough to supply some gift packages of Mr. Clean Multi-Surface Concentrated Cleaner for our friends! It couldn't have been more perfect, because our friends use Mr. Clean, too.
After our friends went home, I was in full-on cleaning mode. I diluted our Mr. Clean cleaner and went to town on the surfaces again. After quickly picking up all the stray pumpkin seeds, I diluted the Mr. Clean cleaner in a spray bottle for our steam mop. We don't use mop solution in our steam mop, so I like to spray the cleaner on the floor and then steam mop it. It cleans and disinfects the floor very well, and it also smells so good!
I've been super pleased with our week-long cleaner switch out. The house went from clean to dirty and right back to clean again!
You can enter using the giveaway widget below. The giveaway will be pretty quick, so I can mail out the package in time for Halloween. You can enter the giveaway until Wednesday night. Good luck to all who enter!


text:
La chiesa di Santa Giustina è un luogo di culto cattolico situato nella frazione di Santa Giustina nel comune di Stella, in provincia di Savona. La chiesa è sede della parrocchia omonima facente parte del vicariato di Albisola-Varazze della diocesi di Savona-Noli. La chiesa è ubicata lungo la Strada statale 334 del Sassello, in prossimità del ponte sul Sansobbia.

Storia

Esisteva già un qualche edificio religioso in piena epoca altomedievale.

Dal Cinquecento in poi si iniziò a preferire il tracciato a fondo valle, con il conseguente sviluppo dell'attuale abitato e l'abbandono della vecchia chiesa con annessa locanda e ostello per i viandanti che ben presto andarono in rovina. Una nuova chiesa fu realizzata nell'attuale centro storico della frazione e dedicata alla Madonna dei Sette Dolori e a san Giacomo. Essa è oggi trasformata in abitazione privata.

Il territorio rimase comunque sempre diviso tra la parrocchia di San Bernardo (riva destra del Sansobbia e di San Giovanni (riva sinistra) fino all'erezione a parrocchia di Santa Giustina nel 1853. È in quegli anni che si costruisce l'attuale edificio.

Nella memoria storica del paese si ricorda ancora che i boscaioli e i contadini ogni volta che scendevano a valle portavano con sé sui carri alcune pietre destinate alla realizzazione della chiesa. Ancora oggi sono festeggiati con solenne processione sia san Giacomo che santa Giustina.

Descrizione

L'edificio è a navata unica, con linee semplici e privo di pitture paretali o affreschi. Un organo a canne, opera di Giovanni Battista Dessiglioli (1901), si trova sopra la balconata che sovrasta l'unico ingresso, in controfacciata. L'altare maggiore ha un profilo semplice così come il coro ligneo.

Sono conservate all'interno due statue lignee ottocentesche di San Giacomo e Santa Giustina e due piccoli crocifissi processionali. Da notare alcune ceramiche dell'artista contemporaneo Tony Salem e una tela cinquecentesca di Luca Cambiaso.

Da vedere inoltre il curioso ritratto con cornice di reperti fossili (prima cappella a sinistra) di Don Deogratias Perrando (1817-1889). Naturalista autodidatta fu parroco di Santa Giustina per molti anni. Si occupò di geologia e paleontologia raccogliendo molti fossili nella zona, oggi conservati al museo di storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova e nel Museo Perrando di Sassello.

Note

Bibliografia
 Gabriella Airaldi, Santa Giustina de Danavete, in Bollettino storico-bibliografico subalpino, a cura della Deputazione subalpina di storia patria Anno LXXIII - Secondo semestre, Tip. Sociale, Pinerolo 1975, p. 597 sg.

Voci correlate
 Diocesi di Savona-Noli
 Santa Giustina (Stella)
 Stella (Italia)

Altri progetti

Giustina
Stella
Giustina

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Jill, I appreciate this reminder to value hard-won self-knowledge. It's hard work to do so.
I just love the emphasis on listening to our intuitive, essential self and paying attention to those hunches and writing down what we REALLY Know. If we followed this inner wisdom on a regular basis, what a difference it would make in the quality and satisfaction of our lives!
I have chosen your post, Taking Action on What You Know, for the #JournalChat Pick of the Day on 2/20/13 for all things journaling on Twitter; a link will be posted on the social networks, on my blog and website Refresh with Dawn Herring, and in my weekly Refresh Journal: http://tinyurl.com/azvuseo.
#JournalChat Live is every Thursday, 5 EST/2 PST, for all things journaling on Twitter; our topic this week is Your Journaling: Work Wisdom.
Thanks again for this thorough expounding on this vitally important topic!
Dawn, thank you so much for reading, and what an insightful comment. I'm honored to be your Pick of the Day! It's great to reconnect with you. I love that you celebrate the value of journaling!
This so fits into the "It's all about the energy" concept. Sometimes of course those diversions have gold in them… at least for me. My workflow can be very nonlinear, and the less I am on my case, the more I can extract a nugget of goldness out of most anything. For me, this often takes the form of a real life example form someone else's "drama" – including YT clips. So I save them to a playlist and keep letting them serve me.
Having said that, I am thrilled to be in the structured flow of the writer's circle. Thanks so much for your welcome and support this morning!
Yes, great point, Roxanne! My process is often nonlinear, too, and sometimes my energy may be flowing away from something I'm working on, in a good way. This has a very different feel to it, though — for me, it feels like there's "room" for it in the process, like it's part of the process, rather than like it's tearing me away from the process, if that makes sense!
Thanks for reading, and we're so glad to have you in the Writer's Circle!


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'Trade Policy Review Body – Jamaica', Issue 1, pp. 7–21
'Trade Policy Review Body – Trinidad & Tobago', Issue 1, pp. 22–37
'Trade Policy Review Body – Mali', Issue 1, pp. 38–45
'Trade Policy Review Body – Burkina Faso', Issue 1, pp. 46–60
'Trade Policy Review Body – Uruguay', Issue 1, pp. 61–73
'Trade Policy Review Body – Indonesia', Issue 1, pp. 74–91
'Trade Policy Review Body – Hong Kong, China', Issue 1, pp. 92–98
'Trade Policy Review Body – Canada', Issue 1, pp. 99–109
'Japan – Measures Affecting Agricultural Products – Report of the Panel', Issue 1, pp. 113–246
'Trade Policy Review Body – Argentina', Issue 2, pp. 7–25
'Trade Policy Review Body – Togo', Issue 2, pp. 26–43
'Arbitral Awards of the Iran–U.S. Claims Tribunal – The Islamic Republic of Iran, and the United States of America', Issue 2, pp. 47–164
'The Claims Resolution Tribunal for Dormant Accounts in Switzerland–Rules of Procedure for the Claims Resolution Process', Issue 2, pp. 167–191
'Trade Policy Review Body – Guinea', Issue 3, pp. 7–27
'European Communities – Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas – Recourse to Article 21.5 by Ecuador – Report of the Panel', Issue 3, pp. 31–136
'European Communities – Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas – Recourse to Article 21.5 by the European Communities – Report of the Panel', Issue 3, pp. 137–154
'Arbitral Awards of the Iran–US. Claims Tribunal – Ministry of Industries of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the United States of America', Issue 3, pp. 157–177
'Arbitration Rules – American Arbitration Association—Commercial Dispute Resolution Procedures', Issue 3, pp. 181–204
'American Arbitration Association—Construction Industry Dispute Resolution Procedures', Issue 3, pp. 205–227
'American Arbitration Association—National Rules for the Resolution of Employment Disputes', Issue 3, pp. 228–246
'Japan – Measures Affecting Agricultural Products—Report of the Panel', Issue 4, pp. 7–140
'Japan – Measures Affecting Agricultural Products—Report of the Appellate Body', Issue 4, pp. 141–185
'Center of Conciliation and Arbitration of Tunis—Regulations for Mediation Conciliation and Arbitration', Issue 4, pp. 189–199
'Tokyo Maritime Arbitration Commission (TOMAC)—The Rules of the Small Claims Arbitration Procedure', Issue 4, pp. 200–203
'American Arbitration Association—Commercial Dispute Resolution Procedures', Issue 4, pp. 204–208
'Trade Policy Review Body – Egypt', Issue 5, pp. 7–18
'Trade Policy Review Body – The United States', Issue 5, pp. 19–31
'Trade Policy Review Body – Bolivia', Issue 5, pp. 32–44
'Australia – Subsidies Provided to Producers and Exporters of Automotive Leather – Report of the Panel', Issue 5, pp. 47–161
'Arbitral Awards of the Iran–U.S. Claims Tribunal – Aram Sabet, Karim Sabet, Reja Sabet, Claimants And The Islamic Republic of Iran, Bonyad-E-Mostazafan, Respondents', Issue 5, pp. 165–225
'"Legislation under Consideration by the Congress of the United States of America Regarding the Protection of Databases"', Mitch Glazier, Issue 6, pp. 7–31
'"Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN): The Short Version"', Esther Dyson, Issue 6, pp. 32–44
'"Establishing a Legal Framework for Electronic Commerce: The Work of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)"', Gerold Herrmann, Issue 6, pp. 45–57
'"The Role of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in the Development of Electronic Commerce"', Roberto Blois, Issue 6, pp. 58–64
'Brazil – Export Financing Programme for Aircraft – Report of the Panel', Issue 6, pp. 67–183
'Brazil – Export Financing Programme for Aircraft – Report of the Appellate Body', Issue 6, pp. 184–246
'Index – Volume 11 (1999)', Issue 6, pp. 247–249


Angaangaq Angakkorsuaq, shaman, healer, storyteller and carrier of the Qilaut (winddrum) is a Kalallit Elder whose family belongs to the traditional healers of the far North from Kalallit Nunaat, Greenland. Angaangaq, whose name means "The Man Who Looks Like his Uncle" is an internationally respected Elder for the native communities of the Circumpolar Arctic, North and South America and Europe. Uncle, as he is frequently called, bridges the boundaries of cultures and faiths in people young and old. His work has taken him to five continents and over 50 countries around the world.
Angaangaq is a keynote speaker at international conferences on climate change, environmental and Indigenous Issues. He speaks on panels for the United Nation environmental protection Agency, the panel on Religion and Spirituality and The permanent forum on Indigenous Issues as well as the panel for Unesco's oceans, Fishers and Hunters. He is associated with the United Religions Initiative in alliance with the United Nations, the Club of Budapest International, The Masters Group, the Earth Restorations Corps, and serves on the special advisory council to the Jane Goodall Institute. Angaangaq's work is acclaimed in promoting interracial and intercultural harmony.


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Artful Science: Rethinking how the young learn
Anthropologists who study socialisation tend to do so in order to compare modes and values of child-rearing or to examine the role of language in child-rearing. Rarely have anthropologists attended to the ways in which children learn to discern, appreciate, and take part in forms of artful representation. Anthropologists have given only slightly more attention to the extent to which children and young people learn key science concepts and representational modes in their own cultural settings. Th
Banking Correspondents
revised 7/17/12
Sri Lankan air force plane crashes
At least four killed as an air force transport plane crashes near the Sri Lankan capital. Rough cut (no reporter narration) Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe More updates and breaking news: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and international news. For over 160 years, Reuters ha
1.8 Enter aspirin!
Aspirin is able to release part of its ester group (Figure 15) in a hydrolysis reaction. Look again at the structure of aspirin, 2.8, and identify this group on the molecule. It is known as an acetyl group and accounts for aspirin also being called acetylsalicylic acid. The acetyl group on aspirin is fairly easily removed and can be available for forming another ester with an —OH group on another molecule; in this case, part of the structure that makes up the inside of the cavi
Crazy Rich Indians: An Inside Look at the Burgeoning Bollygarchs
India is the world's fastest-growing economy and could remain so for 20-30 years. Can it succeed at shrinking its great wealth disparity?
2.8 Why do (only some) teams succeed?
Clearly, it is not possible to devise a set of rules which, if followed, would lead inexorably to team effectiveness. The determinants of a successful team are complex and not equivalent to following a set of prescriptions. However, the results of poor teamworking can be expensive, so it is useful to draw on research, experience and case studies to explore some general guidelines. What do I mean by 'team effectiveness'? – the achievement of goals alone? Where do the achievements of individu
Variations on the Memory of Slavery: Lessons from Black French Activists (audio)
Présidence/Chair : Myriam Cottias (CNRS, France)
Speaker : Abdoulaye Gueye (School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies – University of Ottawa)
Investigating fungi: the wood-wide web
How fundamental are fungi to a forest's eco-system? And how can they be utilised to reclaim barren land and grow sustainable plantations for economic markets? In this album, scientists from the UK and Malaysia explore how fungi form constructive and cooperative partnerships with other plants and trees, and how such symbiosis can be used for economic and environmental benefit. In the audio track, Professor David Robinson of The Open University delves deeper into the techniques scientists use to l
Clemson Forever
This video is designed to introduce the Clemson Forever brand for Clemson University's fundraising area, known as Clemson Development. Launched in 2014, Clemson Forever aims to inspire donors strategic plan; to provide exemplary stewardship of those gifts; to powerfully express gratitude and the impact of the gift. This vision reaches to all areas of philanthropy: annual donors, major donors, planned giving, and corporate and foundation gifts. The Clemson Family gives back to ensure Clemson is
School governors need to be involved in the monitoring and evaluation of primary schools. But what areas should you be monitoring and how can you ensure that monitoring is effective. This unit will help you assess these matters and also look at the kind of evidence you should be sourcing, and how that evidence should be evaluated.
Les cellules souches et le clonnage thérapeutique - Laure Coulombel
Une conférence de l'UTLS au Lycée
Les cellules souches et le clonnage thérapeutique par Laure Coulombel (INSERM, département cellules souches)
Lycée Nazareth Haffreingue (Boulogne sur mer 62)
King Lear to In the loop : fiction and British politics
On 11 December 2009, Nottingham University's Centre for British Politics held a conference at the British Academy that drew together politicians, writers and academics to explore the interaction of British politics and fiction. In addition to the conference several video interviews were conducted with some of the speakers on the day. In this interview taken at the Fiction and British Politics Conference in London, writer Laurence Marks discusses his political screenwriting with Maurice Gran,
Author(s): Marks Laurence
Vormelek : Opleidingscentrum
De roep van de elektrotechnische sector naar jonge talenten blijft zeer groot. Vormelek wil bijdragen aan de kwaliteit van de diverse opleidingen én aan het aantal jongeren dat voor elektriciteit kiest.
In eerste instantie heeft Vormelek een …
Christopher Columbus in a Nutshell
This is a brief, animated video that gives an overview of the life of Christopher Columbus and his voyage. Discusses the facts and myths about the Columbus voyage. (01:32)
1L Faculty Advising Session: Intellectual Propery
Elephants Can Paint, Too!
This video segment from Between the Lions is based on an edited version of the published book "Elephants Can Paint Too!" The clip compares the art done by elephants with art done by real kids in Thailand. Each elephant student gets a paint brush, and there are many ways for elephants to hold the brush in its trunk. Some elephants drag the paint on the paper, others dab, some paint for a few minutes, others paint for an hour. Some elephant students like to paint dots, some p
In lesson 4 of One Minute Romanian you will learn how to say you don't understand something. Remember - even a few phrases of a language can help you make friends and enjoy travel more. Find out more about One Minute Romanian at our website - http://www.oneminutelanguages.com. One Minute Romanian is brought to you by the Radio Lingua Network and is ©Copyright 2008. Author(s): No creator set
New Brachytherapy Suite at Duke Cancer Center
People with gynecologic and prostate cancers can now receive high-dose, targeted radiation therapy in a few hours in a dedicated brachytherapy suit at the Duke Cancer Center. Having advanced imaging and treatment planning technology in one convenient location minimizes the need for an overnight hospital stay, as well as the discomfort and safety concerns typically associated with delivering high-dose radiation. For more info: http://bit.ly/1yPhkHt
2.2 Vibrant civil societies and a networked globe
One thing is common to all three attempts to find a route to a sustainable economy and society: in different ways they all assume that people will get actively involved in making human societies more sustainable. But this transformation will not take place through the corporate world's promises, by local protectionism, a return to 'strong states' or the publication of numerous indicators. Any of the three positions outlined above requires interactions and feedbacks created by a vibrant


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This component comprises a small button that will expand drastically into a larger popup on mouse hover. The expanded element can contain whatever kind of content you migth want. The component is a great way to pack content

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This course will cover how Yoga and Permaculture practices can support each other in a symbiotic way through the ethics and principles of both.
Human relationships with nature will be examined through a Vedic lens, looking at the history of yogic, ayurvedic, and ecological practices in ancient India, as well as the relationship with Divine Mother as union with Mother Nature.
Participants will gain practical tools that they can apply in their daily lives to rekindle and strengthen their connection and understanding of nature and the divine.


John Dunaway, 27, protesting that he "needed clothes for rehab," was arrested for theft of more than $500 from a Meijer store. When Dunaway was taken into custody, officers also found drug paraphernalia and "a controlled substance" (which was not identified).
Officers had been summoned to the store by an employee who had seen Dunaway trying to hide merchandise on his person. Shoplifting was a crime with which Dunaway was already familiar since he had been cited a number of times for previous theft attempts at the same Meijer location.
Officers confronted Dunaway, who appeared nervous. When taken into the store's administrative offices, Dunaway was searched. Officers found cologne and other items totaling more than $500 in retail value. Officers also noted that some of the stolen items were tainted with Dunaway's blood, but no explanation as to why Dunaway might have been bleeding was mentioned.
When questioned about why he stole the goods, Dunaway claimed he was going into rehab and needed new clothes, and that he intended to pay for everything, but didn't have any money. In a search outside the store (in some undisclosed location, either a car or living area), police also found syringes, Xanax pills, and spoons prepared to be used for liquifying powdered drugs for injection.
Dunaway appears to be on his own, as no family has come forward.
Xanax, the only drug specifically mentioned in this story, is a "benzodiazepine," and is prescribed for anxiety and insomnia. Like so many prescription drugs, there is a high demand, and due to its addictive strength has been linked to celebrity deaths such as Michael Jackson and Whitney Houston. For more information about Xanax, check out Narconon.org.
The crimes committed by the offender described in this article highlights the seriousness of the prescription drug problem. People are willing to commit crimes to fuel their addiction, and even shoplifting, considered a "petty" crime by many, provides the fuel to maintain an addict's habit with goods to sell for cash which can then be sold to buy the drug.
If you or someone you know shows signs of addiction, you can get help by contacting Advanced Recovery Systems. They offer help on insurance options, types of programs, counseling, and levels of treatment (detox to outpatient), and other information you need to get help today.


Gameboy Advance Emulator GBA allows to install many games on PC and let enjoys your games. It is available for Android, OS X, Windows, Linux. GBA emulator brought you by Nintendo and allows to run GBA games. However, GBA Emulator is limited of use and still available. Find the download link of GBA emulator for pc. There are many emulators of Nintendo. But we have shared some best out of the emulator. So let's begin!
mGBA is one of the great emulators for installing the game. It provides many features which are very helpful. Also, supports the cheat code to pass many levels. Even it has a wide range of game collection. Besides, it activates ROM patches. So, click here for download the emulator.
Higan emulator is another supporting emulator for installation of games. It supports all type of hardware. It is easy to handle the way the user wants. It is best for game emulator Sega Master, Gameboy Color, Famicom, etc.
However, the user may find few audio lags, but overall it is the good one. If you are interested in downloading click here.
Visualboy emulator is the old one than other but still now the unique one. During the earliest period, it had some lag. But now it has updated and allowed games to download.
It has some benefits such as cheat code, recording, screenshot, etc. it supports both new and old devices of PC. So, click here for download.
GBA emulator for PC would allow the user to have the particular famous games still they want. Download from our website to have the right one emulator.


This half day learning group workshop focuses on understanding eating disorders by looking at unhealthy strategies towards personal image and weight control. The course identifies the scale of the problem, the types of disorder, the warning signs, various methodology of treatment and includes a group assignment to provide evidence of learning for any relevant elements of competence.
Staff who support service users in their own homes or in acute or long term mental health care who suffer from life threatening eating disorders.


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Home > Rano Kau volcano, Easter Island
Rano Kau volcano, Easter Island
Art photography by Yann ARTHUS-BERTRAND of Rano Kau volcano in Rapa Nui national park, Chile, Easter Island. The Pacific Ocean's assaults have carved out high cliffs and turned the volcano into a type of citadel.
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This volcano located in the southwest of the island last erupted 150.000 to 210.000 years ago. The Pacific Ocean's assaults have carved out high cliffs and turned the volcano into a type of citadel. This is where the Pascuas, the original inhabitants of the island, built a village. Traces of this village can still be seen towering above the ocean at 250 m, on the edge of the caldera. They called it Orongo and it was the site of ceremonies and initiations linked to the Bird Man cult. This cult which succeeded the cult of the giant statues came to an end in the 1860s when almost the whole of the island's population was deported and enslaved or struck down by illnesses imported by boat crews and missionaries. The Christianisation of the survivors brought an end to this Polynesian culture that had invented a form of writing, rongo-rongo, that no-one can decipher today. At the end of the 19th century, there were only 200 inhabitants. There are now about 4.000 people living on the island on a permanent basis with the arrival of new inhabitants, at the start of this XXIst century. Tourism (over 50.000 visitors a year) poses new threats to the island listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1995.
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Global powerhouse DJ & Producer, formerly known as announces today his return to the world stage with a 2022 World Tour and full length album slated for Spring. This announcement follows the release of Jeffrey's newest single with Mexican duo ANG titled, "Sink or Swim" ft. Sarah De Warren via Hardwell's Revealed Recordings.
Having toured across China earlier in 2021 (being one of the only western artists to do so) and playing across North America including tour stops at Los Angeles' Exchange nightclub, New York's LAVO, and DC's Soundcheck in addition to Jeffrey's residency at Marquee in Las Vegas, Jeffrey will be kicking off his 2021 tour with performances across the U.S. and South America. Notable performances include a headlining performance at the infamous electronic dance cruise, Groove Cruise during the weekend of January 20th-24th alongside acts such as and Markus Schulz and Ultra Music Festival in Miami during the weekend of March 25th- 27th with more tour dates yet to be announced.
In addition to Jeffrey Sutorius' upcoming tour, Jeffrey is set to release a brand new full length album in late March. The album will have a number of features and collaborations including new material with singer/songwriter Jonathan Mendelsohn (known for his work with Hardwell, Brennan Heart, and Blasterjaxx) along with a few surprise tracks fans may not expect to hear from the trance artist! Keep your eyes peeled for the album drop earlier next year and a tour stop near you!
2022 World Tour Dates:
1/13/22 – Dallas, TX – It'll Do
1/15/22 – TBA – TBA
1/20 – 1/24/22 – Orlando – Groove Cruise
2/5/22 – Medellin – One Carnival Place
2/12/22 – Buenos Aires – Paradise Garage
2/26/22 – Tempe, AZ – Shady Park
3/25 – 3/27/22 – Miami, FL – Ultra Music Festival
Connect with Jeffrey Soturius:
Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Spotify
About Jeffrey Sutorius:
The invigorating, award-winning DJ has the remarkable skills to take his crowd on an energetic journey that has all the feels. Jeffrey was the DJ, producer, and former front man for Dash Berlin. He is highly aware that his success comes hand in hand with the love of his fans who have always supported him and remained loyal throughout his career. This heartwarming and lasting support is one of the key drivers of his journey. The DJ has a preference for emotional, energizing quality dance music and loves to bring that across on stage.
Whilst Jeffrey Sutorius' music resonates strongly on some of the scene's biggest labels. It's perhaps his own label BODYWRMR, launched at the beginning of 2019, where fans have grown a deeper connection with the artist and his vision. From welcoming the likes of HALIENE, Marco V, Rave Republic, Roxanne Emery and Luke Bond to the BODYWRMR imprint, Jeffrey Sutorius also presents a musical journey through the label that is the very essence of what his passion with electronic music is all about. Having started his 2021 with a 14-date tour across China in January, Jeffrey Sutorius is now looking forward to once again being able to share the music he is so passionate about with the crowd he is forever grateful to and loves. Jeffrey Sutorius is using the time to work on his new album, as well as a string of forthcoming solo and collaboration singles releases that are sure to excite fans for the year ahead!


As I celebrate the writing of my 200th blog, I lament the disappearance of the thinker and the demise of critical thinking. A fitting metaphor for this is the up-coming sale or auction on May 7 of Rodin's "The Thinker" - that abiding icon and representation of the highest faculty of humankind. It seems as if we pay mere lip-service to thinking than cultivate it as a value. Our lower and high schools and our tertiary institutions all claim the teaching of critical thinking as their goal but appear to do to the contrary. Rather than prepare students to think and analyze, our places of learning seem to be producing individuals who are dependent on others to do the thinking for them. Critical thinking has given place to dogmatism, patriotism, nationalism, popularism, emotionalism, and sensationalism. The result is intolerance, bigotry, wars, a reckless consumerism resulting from unchecked propaganda, and the gradual dismantling of democracy and of individual freedom. No longer is the ability to think critically a requirement for leadership. Oratory, popularity, physical appeal (based on western notions of beauty), rather that depth of thought, are preferred. Another logical corollary of the death of critical thinking and the displacement of the thinker is the substitution of the individual for faceless institutions, corporations, and systems. We (the individuals) become society (further subdivided in to groups of upper, middle, and lower class) subject to the dictates of other faceless institutions (banking, insurance, industry, etc) among whom no responsibility or accountability exists. The death of critical thinking and the disappearance of the thinker invariably results in the disappearance of the individual.


This article will show you how to filter SharePoint Org Chart by department using filtration rules and root ID. This applies to SharePoint 2010, SharePoint 2013/2016 and SharePoint Online.
First, let's filter items so the structure will be shown starting from the head of department. You should use the "Root ID" field, inside the "Filtration" tab in Org Chart settings. After installing and setting up Org Chart properly, go to the page where Org Chart is. Open Org Chart settings by clicking on the gear icon and then "Settings".
To be able to use this feature, you need to know the item ID of the specific item you want the root of the tree to be. This item is going to be the root of your chart, and Org Chart will show only those who are under this.
Note that the Root ID field needs to be filled with the Item ID of the corresponding item.You can learn more about what is Item ID here.
Similarly, you can set up Org Chart to show only employees in the "Marketing Department" of our company.
Inside of Org Chart settings, go to the "Filtration" tab. There you'll find a couple fields you'll have to fill if you want to filter your chart to specific results.
So, you can use all these properties to filter items accordingly. In this article items will be filtered using the "Department" property of "itemData" object to filter and show only employees in the "Marketing Department".
As stated before, you can use other properties and values to filter the items to be shown according to your needs and requirements.
That's it. You're now able to filter Org Chart according to your needs. This is really useful to maintain a clean chart to everyone which will be easier to visualize the structure and find employees quickly in the tree.


Feisty, smoky, earthy, and tropically tempting with Latin flair.
Place the bell pepper at the bottom of a highball glass, fill the glass with crushed ice, add the tequila, mescal, juices, and simple syrup, and stir to combine. Add a mound of crushed ice, sprinkle with the spice mix, garnish with the pineapple leaf, and serve with a swizzle stick.
Add a spicy kick to any cocktail with this sweet concoction: In a medium pot over medium heat, combine 3 cups of sugar and 1 1⁄2 cups of water and stir until dissolved. Remove from the heat, add 1⁄2 of a seeded and thinly sliced habanero chile, cool, and strain, discarding the solids. Keep syrup refrigerated, covered, for up to 3 weeks.


^ B. A. Cohen, T. D. Swindle, D. A. Kring (2000). "Support for the Lunar Cataclysm Hypothesis from Lunar Meteorite Impact Melt Ages". Science 290 (5497): 1754–1755.
^ William K. Hartmann, Cathy Quantin, and Nicolas Mangold (2007). "Possible long-term decline in impact rates: 2. Lunar impact-melt data regarding impact history". Icarus 186: 11–23. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.009.
^ L. A. Haskin, R. L. Korotev, R. L. Rockow, B. L. Jolliff (1998). "The case for an Imbrium origin of the Apollo thorium-rich impact-melt breccias". Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 33: 959–979.
^ S. J. Mojzsis (2001) (英語). Lithosphere-Hydrosphere Interactions on the Hadean (>4 Ga) Earth. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUFM.U52A0009M 2009年2月26日閲覧。.
^ Gogarten-Boekels, M., Hilario, E. and Gogarten, J. P. (1995). "The effects of heavy meteorite bombardment on the early evolution - The emergence of the three domains of life". Evol. Biosphere 25: 251–264. Boussau, B., Blanquart, S., Necsulea, A., Lartillot, N., Gouy, M. (2008). "Parallel adaptations to high temperatures in the Archaean eon". Nature 456: 942–945.
^ a b c R. Gomes; H.F. Levison, K. Tsiganis & A. Morbidelli (2005). "Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" (PDF). Nature Vol. 435. エラー: 不正なDOI指定です. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7041/pdf/nature03676.pdf 2009年2月26日閲覧。.
^ T. Nakano (1987). "Formation of planets around stars of various masses. I - Formulation and a star of one solar mass". Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices 224: 107-130. ISSN 0035-8711. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987MNRAS.224..107N 2009年2月26日閲覧。.