text:
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids After Menopause?
Diet for Women With Fibroids
Foods That Fight Fibroids & Endometriosis
Nutrition for Cysts
Signs of Uterine Fibroids and Polyps
What Are Uterine Fibroid Cysts?
Flaxseed for Fibroids
By Christine Garvin
Maintaining a healthy reproductive system is important to the overall health of a woman, but fibroids -- which are found on the uterus -- can cause health problems. Though fibroids do not normally cause excessive symptoms, they can be irritating and at some points painful. The reduction of fibroids is in the interest of those who suffer from them, and flaxseed may play a role in this function.
Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that, the majority of the time, appear on the uterus. Most of the time, fibroids don't cause problems, according to Dr. Scott C. Goodwin in his book, "What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Fibroids," though in some women, they cause bleeding, pain, pressure, bloating, sexual problems and complications during pregnancy. Fibroids may grow slowly or rapidly and sometimes shrink spontaneously. It has yet to be determined what causes fibroids, but diet may play a role.
There are a variety of treatments available to deal with fibroids, some less invasive than others. Goodwin notes that if your symptoms are tolerable, modify your diet, including reducing red meat intake, hydrogenated oils and processed foods. Also, begin an exercise program if you are not on one, and institute stress-reduction techniques such as tai chi or meditation into your daily routine. Birth control pills are also sometimes used to reduce fibroids, as is ibuprofen. Finally, some women have surgery to remove fibroids or their uterus.
Flaxseed is an important food to eat when dealing with fibroids, notes Eve Agee, Ph.D., in her book, "The Uterine Health Companion," because omega-3 fatty acids may help with the reduction of tumors. She notes that some research has indicated the decrease of tumors in animals who were given omega-3 fatty acids, and other research indicated flaxseeds can help shrink tumor growth in women with breast cancer. She recommends eating plenty of flaxseeds, along with other omega-3 fatty acid-rich foods such as walnuts and wild cold-water fish, for three months to see if your fibroid symptoms ease.
Though fibroids are usually not life-threatening, work with your doctor to determine the best course of action to reduce your fibroids. Set up a schedule with your doctor to monitor fibroids over time. The multi-pronged approach is the best way to work with fibroids, including dietary, exercise and lifestyle changes, along with medication if necessary.
"What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Fibroids"; Scott C. Goodwin, M.D.; 2003
"The Uterine Health Companion"; Eve Agee, Ph.D.; 2010
Christine Garvin is a certified nutrition educator and holds a Master of Arts in holistic health education. She is co-editor of Brave New Traveler and founder/editor of Living Holistically... with a sense of humor. When she is not out traveling the world, she is busy writing, doing yoga and performing hip-hop and bhangra.
Signs of Fibroid Shrinkage
How to Shrink Fibroid Cysts Naturally
Are There Certain Foods to Eat to Avoid Fibroids?
Signs & Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts After Menopause
Can Omega 3 Shrink Fibroids?
Fibroids & Magnesium


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Q: Symfony2 - Create a Doctrine filter to select current user data I'm building a Saas / Multitenant application using Symfony 2. I've created a Doctrine event-subscriber to add and update the owner of a row, the user who created it, the user who modified it, timestamps and so.
And now I need to implement some kind of filter so when a user is logged in, he only can see data from his company. My first though was using a Doctrine preLoad event, but this event doesn't exist... As far as I know, I must use Doctrine filters, isn't it? If so, how can this filter access user data to read the company id? Must I inject it using the Dependency Injection? Is there any standard way to accomplish my goal?
UPDATE
What I'm looking for is to create some kind of Doctrine plugin/hook so everytime I call any function that fetch data from the database (find, findOneBy, etc), and the entity I'm fetching implements a particular interface, an extra 'AND company_id=:id' SQL sequence is added to the generated query, so neither the controller or the model receives data from other companies.

A: For this you can use a DoctrineFilter
Link from official doc Doctrine2 SQL Filters
namespace Rwmt\Bundle\RwmtBundle\DoctrineFilters;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetaData,
    Doctrine\ORM\Query\Filter\SQLFilter;

class MultiTenantFilter extends SQLFilter
{
    public function addFilterConstraint(ClassMetadata $targetEntity, $targetTableAlias)
    {
        // Check if the entity implements the MultiTenant interface
        if (!$targetEntity->reflClass->implementsInterface('Rwmt\Bundle\RwmtBundle\Entity\MultiTenant')) {
            return "";
        }

        return $targetTableAlias.'.tenant_id = ' . $this->getParameter('tenantId');
    }
}

And to set the parameter tenantId used in the filter you must enable the filter and set the parameter
$filter = $em->getFilters()->enable('multi_tenant');
$filter->setParameter('tenantId', $tenant->getId(), 'integer');

As for the MultiTenant interface is just something for the entities to implement
namespace Rwmt\Bundle\RwmtBundle\Entity;
use Rwmt\Bundle\RwmtBundle\Entity\Tenant;

interface MultiTenant
{
    public function setTenant(Tenant $tenant);
    public function getTenant();
}

A: Filtering in Doctrine2 is simple.  Just assign a filter function to a variable, then send that variable as a parameter through the filter() method included in the ArrayCollection class.
$closure = function($list_item) use($user) {
        return $list_item->belongsToSameCompanyThatEmploys($user) === true;
};
$filtered_array_collection = $arrayYouWantToFilter->filter($closure);

In this example, you'd have to have previously defined a method belongsToSameCompanyThatEmploys($user) in list_item's class that returns true if it belongs to the same company that the user works for.
UPDATE You need to also indicate that the filter function should use the local variable  user, since it won't otherwise due to having its own scope.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I would like to personally invite you to come and visit us at Crown Peak Baptist Church. We have many ministries to offer for all ages. There is always something exciting happening here and we want you to be a part of it. Please explore our web page and see all that we offer. If you have any questions please go to the "About Us" page and e-mail myself or any of the others and we will do our best to answer them. There are also many links on our pages that may help you to get answers to your questions. Please check them out.
If you have questions concerning the saving grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, please contact us as well. The Bible does have the answers for us today and we need to seek His Holy Scriptures. God desires a personal relationship with each and everyone of us and He achieves this relationship through the death, burial, and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ. As we surrender our life to Him, we learn to walk closer to Him in a one on one relationship. Through Jesus we have a peace beyond comprehension, a life more abundant, a joy in the good and bad times, and an unending, unconditional love from God as He adopts us into His family as sons and daughters. WOW! There is so much that we can learn about Him. Please contact us with any questions.


The award-winning duo of educators, Damien Carney and Sue Pemberton create the eye-catching work behind all of Joico's collections and now they're sharing some of their coloring and styling secrets with you!
"Damien & Sue are just as hilarious as they are smart. I learn so much from them!" – Kate B.
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Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, superstitions, and so forth, common to a particular population, that comprise the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group. Scholars who study folklore are often called folklorists. Much of folklore study has been academic, classifying material and identifying original forms. Applied folklorists, on the other hand, use folklore and other traditional cultural material to address social problems.
As the world is increasingly globalized, preservation of traditional folklore and the ongoing development of new materials are important ways in which unique cultural expressions can be maintain and their wisdom transmitted to future generations.
Folklore generally refers to the body of material, in a variety of forms, that expresses the traditions of a particular culture. There is no clear-cut definition of the term "folklore," mainly because academics of different disciplines study the same material from completely separate perspectives. Scholars of literature focus primarily on structure, narrative style, content, and genre, while anthropologists view folklore as a means to understand the views of a culture. Thus, the founder of French folkloristic study, Arnold van Gennep, believed folklore was the key to understanding the creative force within small groups of societies. Both paradigms raise the question of whether folklore can be viewed as a common phenomenon and therefore broken into broad categories, or as specific cultural artifacts of a given society.
Folklorists tend to bridge both worlds, as, for example, Dan Ben-Amos attempted to create a comprehensive understanding of folklore for all disciplines by arguing that folklore is either "a body of knowledge, a mode of thought, or a kind of art." While this thesis may not be as inclusively used as Ben-Amos hoped, modern scholars usually view folklore as both literature and unique cultural phenomena. Folklore "remains wholly within the control of its practitioners. It is theirs to remember, change, forget…is that which is at once traditional and variable."
The term "folklore" was coined in 1846 by the Englishman William Thoms, who wanted to use an Anglo-Saxon term for what was then called "popular antiquities." The concept developed as part of the nineteenth-century ideology of romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological goals. Johann Gottfried von Herder first advocated the deliberate recording and preservation of folklore to document the authentic spirit, tradition, and identity of the German people; the belief that there can be such authenticity is one of the tenets of the romantic nationalism that Herder developed.
Only in the twentieth century did ethnographers begin to attempt to record folklore without overt political goals. Standards of identification were devised, and every example was classified by place and date, with a view to determining the original forms as well as patterns of distribution. Later developments, based on "performance" analysis, regarded each form as an event that emerges from the interaction between performer and audience and which fulfills a particular role or function in the social group.
While the study of folklore remained strong in academic communities, it was not until the mid-twentieth century that the discipline grew beyond "pure" research, to emerge as a movement that incorporated application and problem solving as one of its aims. In 1939, folklorists Benjamin A. Botkin and Alan Lomax coined the phrase "applied folklore," akin to "applied anthropology" and other applied social sciences, as the study concerned with the use of folklore and traditional cultural materials to address or solve real social problems.
Botkin's development of the approach emerged from his work on the collection by the Federal Writers' Project of oral narratives of former slaves, when he worked for the Library of Congress. He saw the dissemination of these materials as having the potential to improve race relations in the United States and to combat prejudice. The Abolition movement had similarly used the oral narratives of escaped slaves, such as those collected by William Still in his Underground Railroad Records, to draw support for their cause. Botkin's landmark work, Lay My Burden Down (1945) was the first American book to treat oral testimonies as historical evidence, and it was another thirty years before this became accepted practice. Botkin also worked with Quaker activist Rachel Davis DuBois to develop public programs to improve race and ethnic relations by incorporating cultural practices and materials into neighborhood events, such as festivals and block parties.
In the 1960s, other American folklorists began to apply knowledge gained from folkloric sources to address social issues, most notably drawing on folk medicine in the teaching and practice of holistic and cross-cultural approaches to medicine and public health. Folklorists also began to work as consultants in city planning, gerontology, economic development, multicultural education, conservation, and other fields.
An outgrowth of applied folklore was the early 1970s movement known as "public folklore," generally credited to Archie Green, the American Folklore Society, and the creation of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress. The movement was initially called "public sector folklore." Soon after its creation, the Smithsonian Institution, the National Endowment for the Arts, and other non-profit institutions vested large interest in folklore.
Public folklorists are engaged with the documentation, preservation, and presentation of traditional forms of folk arts, craft, folk music, and other genres of traditional folklife. They work in "folk arts in the schools" programs, presenting master traditional artists to primary and secondary schools in demonstrations and residences. They develop apprenticeship programs to foster the teaching of traditional arts by recognized masters. They also present traditional music on radio programs such as American Routes on Public Radio International. Occasionally they produce documentary films on aspects of traditional arts, and also sponsor performance artists who sing, dance, and dramatically present oral folklore to schools and communities. Public folklorists have also become involved in economic and community development projects.
As the modern world becomes more industrial and moves farther away from traditional lifestyle communities, the folklorist is in a unique position to help integrate older traditions into modern life as well as continue to collect previously lost genres of folklore.
There are numerous different types of folklore, ranging from such diverse examples as jokes and riddles, to animal tales and even some rites of passage. Many genres overlap, and sometimes the distinction between one type and another can be quite arbitrary.
Nearly every culture that has existed has its own set of lore, and one of the broadest categories is those of ethnic or national folklore. For example, the Arthurian legends can be viewed as both an example of English and Welsh ethnic folklore; urban legends and tall tales are almost exclusively American; fairy tales are the result of German ethnic tradition; while the Arabian Nights can be viewed as a regional Middle Eastern tale. The following is a list of the most common types of folklore, listed from the most general to those that are more specific.
A legend is typically a romantic adventure story told in an historical context, usually believed to be true. It is typically concerned with heroes and villains, epic battles, and great feats of courage. Usually the hero is an iconic symbol of a particular ethnicity or nationality.
Legends are usually set in places and times long past, evolving as they are passed down from one generation to the next, originally in the form of oral tradition. However, when writing became an important archival and artistic method, legends were reproduced time and again, changing with each author or writer's own background and perspective, surpassing cultural and national boundaries. More recently, through the media of film and television, legends have become perhaps the most long-lasting and popular of all types of folklore.
The Arthurian tales of Great Britain are an excellent example of the cross-cultural nature of legends. King Arthur, the symbol of chivalry and the representation of the "noble knight," began with early British writers who believed Arthur to be a real, historical figure. Although there is no historical account of King Arthur to verify such claims, that did not stop British writers throughout the ages from using him in various works, marking his place among the most popular of British folklore. Twentieth-century cinematic versions of Arthur, however, place greater emphasis on Camelot, the Knights of the Round Table, Guinevere, Sir Lancelot, and the Excalibur sword, with little being said of Arthur's role in the equally popular Holy Grail legends.
Not all legends, however, are culturally diffused on such a scale. The legends of the French warrior Roland, the Sumerian prince Gilgamesh, and the character Sinbad of the Arabian Nights legends all are important literary figures that have not been adapted and circulated to the extent of King Arthur. These and others have remained within certain groups of people, and have not been included in the broader literary or cinematic world.
Myths share many common characteristics with legends in that they usually depict events of long ago and persons of epic proportion. However, myths have two distinguishing features. First, myths usually incorporate forces beyond the physical world, such as deities and supernatural powers. Second, they can be etiological, explaining the origins of such things as the world and humankind. Myth more often than legend involves archetypal characters, as the literary scholar Joseph Campbell claimed. So basic is the idea of the journey of a hero to an underworld, in an attempt to attain powers that he can bring back to save his world from an evil, that the paradigm has appeared again and again in all forms of literature for thousands of years.
The structure and use of myth usually overlaps with religion, as both attempt to detail the metaphysical, and to explain how and why things are the way they are. In fact, every religion has its own mythology: for Christians, the New Testament represents the oral traditions of Jesus Christ and the missionary movement of his apostles after his crucifixion; while the stories of Siddhartha's attainment of enlightenment is the central mythology for Buddhists.
The label of myth implies a fictitious story, but that is because historically myth has been used to describe any figurative story that does not pertain to the dominant beliefs of the time, and therefore does not carry the same status as those dominant beliefs. Thus, Roman religion is called "myth" by modern Christians. Some of the most famous myths in Western culture come from ancient Greece and usually involve gods or demi-gods, and the origins of such things as fire (the story of Prometheus) and the presence of evil in the world (the story of Pandora's box).
Another distinguishing feature of myths is the non-human creatures that are incorporated into the narratives. The dragon is perhaps the most popular—a large, serpentine beast that has wings and breathes fire. Others include the centaur, chimera, elf, fairy, gnome, griffin, leprechaun, pegasus, pixie, sphinx, unicorn, and troll.
A folk song may be defined as "a song belonging to the folk music of a people or area, often existing in several versions or with regional variations." Folk songs are perhaps the most culturally diffused of all types of folklore. Musical traditions and styles were culturally traded long before the rise of written works and the advent of recording technologies.
The earliest festivals revolved around harvests, honoring of the dead, or celebration. The communal activity was often accompanied by music, dance, and storytelling, the most common place and time of folklore transmission. Often the festival itself was based on a particular folkloric belief or tradition, such as the Dionysus festivals of ancient Greece. One of the most famous and widely celebrated festivals is that of Halloween. Although its origins lie in Pagan rituals to ward off evil spirits that arose once a year along with the tradition of All Hallow's Eve, it has come to be a largely secular, children's holiday of dress-up and scary stories. This is not uncommon as Thanksgiving, Guy Fawkes day, and New Year festivals have changed meaning and celebratory style over the years.
Superstition is the belief in the causality of seemingly unrelated events and actions, known to anthropologists as "sympathetic magic" in that it is the belief that the actions of a person can influence events beyond the boundaries of time and space. It is a tradition rooted in the belief of larger, metaphysically controlling forces in the universe, whether a particular version of God or just the idea of luck.
Famous examples of superstition include bad luck resulting from breaking a mirror, opening an umbrella inside, or spilling salt, a fear of the number 13, and even the theater tradition of referring to Shakespeare's Macbeth as "the Scottish Play" to avoid bringing on the curse associated with the play.
Fairy tales are universally seen as fictitious, often beginning with the phrases "Once upon a time" or "In a land far, far away," and recounting stories of heroines in danger, princes in disguise, magic, adventure, and anthropomorphic animals and creatures. Conceived in Germany around the seventeenth century, the fairy tale is a type of folklore that has changed dramatically over time. Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm, known as the Brothers Grimm, started to collect orally transmitted German tales in the early seventeenth century, publishing the first series as Kinder- und Hausmärchen ("Children's and Household Tales") in 1812. These early fairy tales were vastly different from the children's tales of today. Most were dark stories revolving around such moral lessons as obeying your parents and rejecting evil.
The familiar fairy tale Hansel and Gretel may primarily be one of mundane instruction regarding forest safety or secondarily a cautionary tale about the dangers of famine to large families. However, its latent meaning may evoke a strong emotional response due to the widely understood themes and motifs such as "The Terrible Mother," "Death," and "Atonement with the Father." There can be both a moral and psychological scope to the work, as well as entertainment value, depending upon the nature of the teller, the style of the telling, the ages of the audience members, and the overall context of the performance.
The popularity of the Walt Disney Company lies in its reproductions of such classical fairy tales as Beauty and Beast, Snow White, Cinderella, and Sleeping Beauty, adding a musical component to the genre.
Like myth and legend, epic poetry deals with heroes of long ago, supernatural powers, deities, and grandiose battles. The main difference between them is that epic poetry tends to be the end result of a series of oral traditions. Epic poetry as a form of literature consists of a novel length poem, originally sang in ceremony. It involves the author's invocation of a muse, or God to speak through the author. The most famous of epic poets, ancient Greece's Homer, was believed to have produced such classics as the Iliad and the Odyssey by condensing long-standing Greek myth, legend, and tradition into a structured narrative. Virgil's The Aeneid brings together the traditions of Greek and Trojan legend as well as Roman belief to detail the founding of Rome, and John Spencer's The Faerie Queen bridges Arthurian legend, Protestant ideology, and British lore into a classical work of fiction. John Milton's Paradise Lost not only uses the dogma of the Bible, but also incorporates Puritan traditions and beliefs, and most modern-day conceptions of Satan and the Garden of Eden story come more from Milton's interpretation than the Bible.
The majority of evolution in epic poetry comes from translation. Epic poetry is not as easily disseminated and used in an existing culture; rather it acts as its own cultural artifact that may inspire new forms of lore and fiction, while the original work is hardly changed in the way other forms of lore are. However, change does occur and is due mostly to the variations of numerous translations, depending upon the translator's bias, and the difference between the phonetics and semantics of languages.
An urban legend is perhaps the newest form of folklore to emerge, and one of the most unique. While it can be found in most industrialized countries, one of its distinguishing factors, it is most widespread in America. Urban legends are typically a collection of oral stories passed around from person to person, never as a firsthand account of events; typically the stories are related as happening to someone three or four times removed in association to the storyteller. Most urban legends are merely variations of similar stories, characteristically with a twist at the end, some unforeseen event that is either ironic or supernatural. The driver who picks up a hitchhiker who vanishes before the trip is complete and is revealed to be a ghost is a classic example, as is the story of a recently escaped serial killer or mental patient, sometimes with a hook for a hand, who terrorizes a young couple parked in a car in a wooded, deserted area.
Such stories often mask a current of morality—underage sexual activity being coupled with violence and tragedy, perhaps due to early America's more conservative, morally strict society.
↑ Dan Ben-Amos, "Toward a Definition of Folklore in Context," Journal of American Folklore, 1971.
↑ Henry Glassie, The Spirit of Folklore Art (New York: Abrams, 1989).
↑ Folk Songs. Answers.com. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
↑ Festivals and Feasts. Historychannel.com. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
↑ John Chapman – A Gentle Hero. Johnny Appleseed Trail Association. Retrieved April 5, 2007.
↑ Jan Harold Brunvand, The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends and Their Meanings, (Norton: New York, 1981).
Baron, Robert, and Nicholas R. Spitzer, eds. Public Folklore. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992.
Botkin, B. A. Lay My Burden Down. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945.
Feintuch, Burt, ed. Conservation of Culture: Folklorists and the Public Sector. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1988.
Goldstein, Diane. Once Upon a Virus: AIDS Legends and Vernacular Risk Perception. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2004.
Green, Archie. Torching the Fink Books: And Other Essays on Vernacular Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Hufford, Mary, ed. Conserving Culture: A New Discourse on Heritage. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
Jones, Michael Owen, ed. Putting Folklore to Use. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1994.
Mayor, Adrienne. Bibliography of Classical Folklore Scholarship: Myths, Legends, and Popular Beliefs of Ancient Greece and Rome. Folklore (April 2000). Retrieved April 5, 2007.
This page was last modified on 17 April 2017, at 23:27.


text:
Dollars and Dissent: What Regime Changes in MENA Countries Mean for Investors
Portfolio > ETFs > Broad Market
By Savita Iyer-Ahrestani
April 01, 2011 at 08:00 PM Share & Print
The original version of this story was published on Investment Advisor
Few would disagree that the uprisings that ousted the leaders of Tunisia and Egypt, and the effect they have had in spurring dissent in the rest of the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region, have underscored the pressing desire of the people there for democracy, transparency and the right to a more equitable life. But everything that has transpired, and more importantly, the speed at which it has transpired, has also shown that the road to democracy is rough, rocky and unpredictable, and as these countries chart their course to get there, the global economy and the financial markets will be fraught with uncertainty.
As this issue of Investment Advisor goes to press, the Egyptian stock market—the oldest, largest and most diversified in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region—remains shut and some fear the country may even be disbarred from the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. While Egypt's prime minister-designate has named a caretaker cabinet to guide the country in its path toward free elections, violence in Libya is escalating to the point of civil war; oil market uncertainties continue to dominate the headlines; and the recent protests in the Persian Gulf state of Bahrain include a sectarian aspect that threatens to involve other countries in the region, not least Saudi Arabia, where there is a cyber-movement toward inciting protests on March 11.
The ongoing geopolitical problems have repercussions both in the short term and in the long term. Oil, of course, is central to the story, particularly with Libya in chaos and Saudi Arabia on the brink. A disruption in oil production from Libya alone would not be detrimental, says Joseph Tanious, a market strategist for JP Morgan Asset Management, since the country is only ranked 18th in a list of world oil producers, but if the troubles were to spread to Saudi Arabia, the situation could take a turn for the worse.
"MENA produces 35% of the world's oil and Saudi Arabia is the region's biggest oil producer," Tanious says. "Even as each MENA country is unique and complex, they have a lot of similarities, like high inflation and high unemployment among a young population, so the risk of contagion is strong."
That risk and the way in which it plays itself out is coming to bear on the region's political stability and fiscal flexibility.
"What's important now is seeing how MENA sovereigns cope with changes once they have been set, and whether new governments have the wherewithal to carry on with reforms," says Mike Noone, associate director covering the MENA region at Standard and Poor's in London. "There is going to be pressure from the public on the governments because expectations are high and public demands for improvements in the standard of living, as well as increased demand for food subsidies will place fiscal pressure on these governments. There is going to be a new administration in Egypt later this year, so we'll have to see how they deal with all this. Even though there may be experienced people from before, coping with all the changes will be a big challenge."
How governments respond to the demands of protesters is also extremely important, Noone says. While the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have low debt burdens and oil revenues, and can deliver on subsidies and social spending, things are not so clear-cut for oil importers, he says. Egypt, for instance, has a fiscal deficit officially forecast at between 8.2% of GDP and 8.4% of GDP for this fiscal year ending June 30, "so it could be very difficult for them to find the cash to meet demands unless they cut capital spending," he says.
At a turbulent time, foreign investors are looking to the governments of the MENA countries to take the right course of action. Undoubtedly, the instability in the region has impacted foreign investment in the short term, but the need for fundamental changes that lead to greater stability in the long term is what the investors interviewed for this article are more focused on and are hopeful for.
The speed at which the MENA "revolution" has gained momentum was unprecedented and completely unexpected. But the paradigm shift it could result in would be invaluable for foreign investment going forward, and those governments that are able to effect those changes are the ones that will inspire investor confidence in the future.
Monem Salam, director and vice president of Islamic Investing and manager of the Amana Funds, Saturna Capital
There is an old Middle Eastern adage, says Monem Salam, director and vice president of Islamic Investing and manager of the Amana Funds for Bellingham, Wash.-based Saturna Capital, which states that every new leader ends up being worse than the first one. It has been proven right at different points in history in different parts of the world, but Salam is hopeful that this time, the countries of the MENA region will prove it wrong.
"In Ireland, there was a ballot, in Egypt, they took to the streets, but this is all about the feelings that have come to the fore in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis," Salam, (left), says. "What's important is that the average age of the person who protested in Egypt and across the rest of the region is the same as the generation of baby boomers was in America when they were out on the streets. Their protests led to great things for America, and in the same way, we think that this can happen for the MENA region, too. We are very optimistic that the younger generation can lead the way to a much-needed change."
Change, Salam says, is inevitable, even in the GCC countries. Those governments may have money to spend, but appeasing their populations through food subsidies and other measures is only a quick fix to a longer-term problem that has to be resolved, he says.
Salam would expect to see a lot of volatility in the short term, but he hopes that macro level changes in the MENA region, when they happen, will give him a greater opportunity to invest in it. The Amana funds have only invested peripherally in MENA ("We preferred to buy companies in Turkey that have distribution in MENA, for instance, because Turkey is more liquid and less volatile," he says.) and its emerging markets exposure is currently in Southeast Asia and Latin America. But looking ahead, "I do think there will be value [in MENA] and opportunities in the long term, once calmer heads prevail," Salam says.
Larry Seruma, chief investment officer and managing principal, Nile Capital Management
Through the Nile Pan Africa Fund, Larry Seruma, chief investment officer and managing principal, Nile Capital Management, invests in all African stock markets from Cairo to Capetown, looking for growth businesses that are trading at value prices.
He believes he'll be able to find what he wants in Egypt, a market that he is committed to as a long-term investor and one in which he thinks individual companies offer potential against a broader, more positive macro backdrop.
"When the Egyptian market opens, we expect to see selling pressure that will create more value opportunities for long-term investors," Seruma, (left), says. "Before the crisis, Egypt's market traded in line with other emerging markets, which are now trading at 11 times P/E. When Egypt's market opens, it may trade between 7 times P/E."
Seruma gives the example of Commercial International Bank (CIB), a stock that traded at 2.85 P/B before the uprising began in Egypt. Investors may have an opportunity to buy it at 1.5 times P/B or below when the market opens, he says. He also likes Orascom Construction, which gets half of its revenues from construction and the other half from fertilizers, an industry that is now experiencing high prices, a dynamic that is benefiting Orascom. "Over the last two years, Orascom has traded at an average multiple of 15 times P/E, but it may trade much lower when the market opens," Seruma says.
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While he has no choice but to wait for the Egyptian stock market to open, Seruma, like any other investor, is waiting for the dust of the uprisings to settle, and to get a clear picture of what the new government will look like. But he is confident that things are going to turn out well in Egypt.
"The revolution in Egypt happened at a time when the economy was strong and Egypt has retained the quality and the strength of both people who could be potential leaders in the transition period and institutions that had been built up," Seruma says. "I do think that what has happened in Egypt will prove itself to be beneficial going forward and we will see stronger and stronger institutions there that are good for the long-term investor who can set valuations in that context."
Sven Richter, managing director and head of frontier markets, Renaissance Asset Managers
The problems in the MENA region have naturally led to a knee-jerk withdrawal of investment funds from those countries and from emerging and frontier markets in general, but Sven Richter, managing director and head of frontier markets for London-based investment management firm Renaissance Asset Managers, believes that those investors who are able to take a step back and distinguish between different markets can, at times like these, actually find great investment opportunities at good prices.
Richter, (left), is particularly bullish about Africa. Countries like Nigeria and Ghana—both oil producers—stand to gain from the higher oil and gas prices, for instance. And a predominantly agricultural country like Kenya will, in the longer term, benefit from the higher food prices that are also a consequence of the MENA problems, Richter says. In fact, the African continent represents more than half of the world's unused farm land, and there has already been a great amount of investment into this by countries like China and South Korea. Africa also has great infrastructure needs and investments into this sector will create more growth opportunities going forward.
"There is a tremendous opportunity in Africa and it is important for investors to distinguish between different markets and be aware of the relative risks and rewards in each one," he says.
While African countries as a whole will suffer from short-term market sell-offs, the long-term potential these markets offer will become apparent in due course, Richter says. Even in Egypt, there could be opportunities to be had once the stock market opens up again. Egypt was underweight in Renaissance's $5.7 million Pan-African Fund, he says, because the firm felt Egyptian stocks in the period prior to the troubles were too expensive.
"We still have those assets but we were lucky to be underweight," he says. "The decision on what we do with them will depend on where things trade when the market opens up, and if things are very cheap, we could even add to our exposure."
But for Richter, every investment in Egypt—and in the MENA region in general—will depend on what happens at the macro level and how individual governments cope with issues that are evidently not going to go away. Governments have a real chance to address genuine concerns from populations that want better opportunities and a greater chance to be a part of their nations' growths, he says, and there is no other option for them but to find ways to answer those demands. These needs have been clearly expressed in Tunisia, Egypt and now in the Middle Eastern countries, but they will also start to sound in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.
"We will have to monitor every country carefully and see how each government is handling things, but it's clear that people everywhere are asking to participate more in their country's growth," he says. "We will see greater democracy, even in places like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and a move to bring about a deeper, more fundamental change that will ultimately only help to make these countries stronger and more attractive as investment destinations."
Kevin Daly, portfolio manager, Aberdeen Asset Management
The MENA region is a relatively small component of the emerging market fixed income universe, but investors like Kevin Daly, a portfolio manager who helps oversee about $6 billion in emerging market bonds at Aberdeen Asset Management in London, were still quick to exit their holdings in assets like Egyptian T-bills when troubles began in the country.
"We were getting attractive yields of around 10% and the currency was relatively stable, but when the problems started, yields on those instruments increased, the currency weakened and it is potentially susceptible to further weakness so we pretty much closed out all our exposure in early February when things were heating up," Daly, (left), says.
Most of the MENA markets don't offer the kind of investment opportunities that Aberdeen is looking for, Daly says (the firm's Africa exposure is concentrated in South Africa and it has some holdings in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well), but it is invested in the external debt of Jordan and Bahrain.
"For now, it does not look as though those governments will topple, but of course there is still some risk of a regime change," Daly says.
In the near term, then, Daly is staying away from MENA and whether Aberdeen chooses to invest there in the future will depend on the kinds of opportunities available but also, with respect to Egypt in particular, what successive governments will look like.
The MENA crisis has in general been negative for the debt of most frontier markets, which are either in the region or will likely suffer from the spillover effect of higher oil prices, says Daly.
"Having said that, we are unlikely to see further downside pressure on frontier market credits unless the situation spills into Saudi Arabia, which we see as a very low probability," he says.
Savita Iyer-Ahrestani is a freelance writer and regular contributor to Investment Advisor and AdvisorOne.com based in New Jersey.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


'Studying as a postgraduate in the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies was an incredibly enriching experience. It was a real privilege to be taught by a diverse range of academics with such commitment to teaching and research. During my MA in Art Gallery and Museum Studies I had the opportunity to work as an intern at the Henry Moore Institute, conducting research for an exhibition on the history of the sculptor's education. Working with archives for the first time was a revelation, which led me to identify an absence in the literature that I decided to pursue as a PhD. Continuing as a research student in the School opened up an amazing array of opportunities, from organising conferences, workshops and research trips to teaching undergraduate students. After completing my doctorate in 2012, the School was instrumental in supporting my transition to post-doctoral research, firstly with the Museum of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cambridge and now at the Henry Moore Institute in Leeds'.
'In the first few weeks of the MA in Art Gallery and Museum studies you're asked to put on an exhibition at the University's Stanley and Audrey Burton Gallery. You're given a collection of objects and have to think about interpretation and marketing. We worked closely with the gallery, but it was great to be thrown in at the deep end. A real turning point for me came during the work placement with Pavilion, a small organisation who commission art to be exhibited in disused heritage spaces in Leeds. I enjoyed working as part of a small team to realise ideas, especially as I was given opportunities to take the lead and gain experience in different areas of the project'. The MA opened up lots of different career paths and led to my role at Kettle's Yard, Cambridge'.
"The reputation of the course was the main factor in my decision to apply, but I also really wanted to stay in Leeds––it's a great city in which to live and study. Leeds has an interesting and diverse arts scene, from larger organisations like The Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Henry Moore Institute and The Hepworth Wakefield, to those that support emerging and local talent for example the Tetley and other more DIY groups.
For more alumni information see previous stories in our news section and the alumni pages of the School website.


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Mike Sussman: 5 Access Control Technologies to watch in 2014
Author: SuperUser Account/02 April 2014/Categories: Blog
Last year saw a big rise in integrated systems in the security sector and 2014 looks set to follow this pattern with a number of technologies and trends coming to the fore. With integration of different security, IT and building services coming together, Mike Sussman, Chairman of the Access Control section for the British Security Industry Association, discusses how 2014 looks set to be a year of evolution rather than revolution.
Near Field Communications (NFC)
A technology that has been promising to do big things for some time is Near Field Communications (NFC). Whilst the technology for it has been available for some time, NFC's success will be determined by the tipping point from the number of enabled mobile devices and the public's willingness to use them to gain secure access to secure doorways. However the use of NFC has also been spurred on by a number of new compatible stand-alone locks which are especially well suited to access control using a smart device.
At the moment NFC is more popular in the consumer market. For example, landlords can send a key to the smartphone of a tenant which can then be activated or revoked as necessary (without the inconveniences of having to immediately issue traditional metal keys). History has shown us that public acceptance of a technology will push its adoption in the commercial market too, as experience of the technology and trust in its ability is cemented. NFC offers exciting possibilities for securing access and the signs are that the market is poised to increase adoption very soon.
Cloud-based Security
The adoption of cloud-based security is another area that has gained enormous ground in recent years and looks set to continue vehemently in 2014. It's fair to say there were concerns over the security of using the cloud voiced by some commentators and potential users when cloud-based access control was first muted.
However, these were largely quashed by a wider acceptance of online use of services such as banking or retail, which have demonstrated that using IP needn't compromise vital security. As well as ease of use and installation, cloud-based services also rapidly roll out updates (which is particularly useful in an emergency situation) ant there is no need to store large servers onsite (which could be attacked or hacked directly) – freeing space and resources.
The momentum of security integration is unlikely to slow in 2014 – in fact it will continue to be a key market driver moving forward. The benefits are unquestionable, with the drive for efficiency savings being the core proposition. It enhances security reaction times – for instance if a door is forced the combined system will sound an alarm, lock-down key areas and direct the security team to the location of the potential incursion. Integration makes installation and upgrades easier and more cost-effective and it makes full use of legacy and existing systems. There is a massive growth in the use of BACnet protocols as well, which are adding a new level of software integration which is helping to move away from the remaining proprietary software that was once commonplace in the security industry.
There has been some debate within the security industry lately about the effectiveness and convenience of using passwords (both for physical to premises and logical access to IT systems). Integrated security systems allow authorised users to minimise the security details they have to memorise and are likely to gain further interest this year because of this advantage. The ability of integrated systems to intelligently provide access also means that workforce management is much easier using integrated security. From managing working hours to activating buildings services only when they are needed (and thus saving energy and resources), integration is providing intelligent solutions that will save real money in 2014.
The increase in mobile working and the use of smart devices will also continue to steer security demands, offering convenient and secure access to integrated systems. However mobile devices, by their highly portable nature, also pose a potential risk of unauthorised misuse. Accordingly though, mobile device manufacturers have beefed up handset security and this has offset many of the potential concerns – in some ways echoing developments in the security industry itself. Long promoted as convenient and highly secure, biometrics recently got further mainstream consumer adoption with inclusion of fingerprint readers on iPhones late last year.
This use of biometrics has wider repercussions too. As with mobile devices, experience shows that consumer adoption helps to facilitate business use so I would expect biometrics to find even greater popularity in 2014. The quality and accuracy of biometrics have rapidly improved in recent years, moving on from fingerprint readers and now readily incorporating facial recognition (which is very well suited to 'clean' areas) and moving towards previously niche and more complicated systems such as palm vein and heartbeat recognition readers.
Security Legislation
As well as the technology, legislation is moving forward to meet the demands of the security industry. In 2014 we will see the publication of IEC 60839, entitled, 'Alarm and electronic security systems Electronic access control systems. System and components requirements' – which aims to update the standard to take into account the latest integrated systems. It is being published at the IEC level (World standard) and also published by BSI as a EN (European) standard. As with all new standards, IEC 60839 will have a profound impact on the security industry in 2014 – pushing providers further towards modern integrated systems and ensuring that they adhere to the developing needs of all customers that rely upon them.
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Tags: BSIAsecuritytechnologyinnovationmike sussmanaccess control2014integrationbuilding servicesnear field communicationscloud-based securitybiometricslegislation
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Dutch Studies
European Union facing multiple challenges
At two recent Center for European & Russian Studies events, leaders in European politics and civil society affirmed the resilience of the European Union in the face of multiple, complex challenges.
Mayday demonstration in Hamburg, Germany, 2015. (Photo:Rasande Tyskar/ Flickr, cropped. CC BY-NC 2.0.
"I can hardly think of a moment when someone was not making a speech saying that Europe was at yet another crossroads." David O'Sullivan, Ambassador of the EU to the United States
By Peggy McInerny, Director of Communications
UCLA International Institute, May 20, 2016 — David O'Sullivan, Ambassador of the European Union (EU) to the United States, gave a spirited defense of the achievements and durability of the EU in a talk at UCLA on May 11. The event was organized by the Center for European & Russian Studies and cosponsored by the Burkle Center for International Relations and the Consulate General of Poland in Los Angeles.
The EU is currently facing several major challenges: the global refugee crisis, a difficult recovery from the fiscal crisis of 2008, security crises to the East and South, and the potential exit of the United Kingdom from the EU. Yet O'Sullivan argued that the European Union had a history of overcoming crises, emphasizing that all of its 28 current member states had benefited enormously to date from their membership.
Origins and development
"I think it's terribly important," said the EU ambassador, "to remember what inspired the original creation of the European Union and why people felt that twice in the 20th century… European civil wars — and I choose my words very carefully because they were European civil wars — plunged the rest of the world into a global conflagration. And we wanted to make sure that that would never happen again."
Today's European Union began as the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951. According to O'Sullivan, the community was an attempt to prevent a future war in Europe because it meshed the national industries on which the machinery of war then depended. Founded by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Luxembourg, the Community over the course of 50 years grew into the EU. Along the way, the European Economic Community (EEC) was created in 1957 to integrate the economies of the same six countries, expanding in 1973 to include the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland and Denmark.
These interlocking institutions effected the reconciliation of Germany and France, which O'Sullivan reminded the audience had previously fought three wars (the Franco-Prussian War, WWI and WWII) in succession. The EEC became the European Community (EC) under the 1993 Maastricht Treaty and was ultimately absorbed into the European Union under the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009. The euro became the common currency of the Eurozone, comprised of a large subset of EC (now EU) members in 2002 (excluding United Kingdom and Denmark). And EU membership expanded to include most of the nations of Central and East Europe in 2004, 2007 and 2013.
Today, said O'Sullivan, the EU represents the world's largest economy and one of its largest trading blocs. In addition to reconciling Germany and France, he said the EU had rebuilt a competitive, more efficient and open market in Europe; steered the relatively nonviolent transition of East and Central European nations toward democracy and free markets after the collapse of the Soviet Union; created a successful common currency (despite the recent financial crisis, the euro prevented competitive currency devaluations from arising after the 2008 crash); and the consolidation and defense of human rights within and beyond Europe. And the EU both delivers the vast majority of development aid and is the source of the majority of humanitarian assistance in the world.
Challenges past and present
"I can hardly think of a moment when someone was not making a speech saying that Europe was at yet another crossroads," remarked O'Sullivan. Among the serious crises of the past, he cited De Gaulle's removal of France from the decision-making process in Brussels for six months in 1965; the 1975 referendum held in the UK to confirm its membership, initiated just two years prior; the so-called "Euro sclerosis" of the late 1970s; and the unemployment crisis of the mid-1990s (when the unemployment rate reached 21 percent Europe-wide).
O'Sullivan acknowledged that the 2008 banking crisis and resulting Euro crisis had been difficult and taken several years to fix. "The EU discovered structural flaws in the architecture of its economic and monetary union," he said. Consequently, it established a banking union, a common system for winding up banks in serious financial difficulty and the European Financial Mechanism (which will serve as a bailout fund for future acute debt situations). And it increased macroeconomic surveillance to ensure members' adherence to the agreed government deficit limit of three percent. Today, the EU has returned to positive economic growth, which is expected to increase in 2017.
The ambassador described the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014 as a "shock to the system" for Europeans who believed they were building a Europe "where military conflict would never again be used to resolve frontier issues." Calling the situation deeply disturbing, O'Sullivan said the annexation and intervention in Eastern Ukraine by Russia had torn up the rule book that Europe had painstakingly created, particularly the Helsinki Accords of the 1970s. "It puts security back on the agenda in Europe in ways that frankly, we never expected," he said. Despite expectations to the contrary, the EU has successfully implemented strong sanctions against Russia without losing either trans-Atlantic or intra-European unity.
With respect to the refugee crisis in Europe, O'Sullivan insisted that only a pan-European solution would work. "The frontline states can't carry the brunt of the response," he remarked. And he insisted that EU's agreement with Turkey to hold refugees for processing, together with attempts to better manage Europe's borders and help frontline states process applicants, were necessary measures to restore control to a situation that had long been chaotic.
From left: Kate O'Sullivan; EU Ambassador to the United States David O'Sullivan;
Director of the Center for European & Russian Studies Laure Murat; Associate Vice Provost Gail Kilgman;
and Consul General of Poland in Los Angeles Mariusz Brymora. (Photo: Peggy McInerny/ UCLA.)
Die Zeit publisher throws cold water on Brexit
At a separate meeting on May 11, Die Zeit publisher Josef Joffe argued against the potential exit of the United Kingdom from the EU and predicted that the country would vote in favor of remaining a member. Joffe, who is also editor of the German weekly, spoke at a Center for European & Russian Studies event that was cosponsored by the Burkle Center for International Relations and the Center for Global Management of the UCLA Anderson School of Management. In addition to his Die Zeit affiliation, Joffe is Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and Fellow at the Hoover Institution, both of Stanford University, where he has been a visiting professor of political science since 2004.
Brexit part of a second revolt against globalization in the West
Joffe characterized the Brexit movement (which supports a British exit from the EU) as part of a "second revolt against globalization, defined as the accelerating movement of goods, services, capital and people across national borders — plus, of course, plummeting transportation and communications costs."
The first revolt against globalization, he said, occurred in the United States and Europe from the mid-19th century until roughly World War II. "What we are living through now happened in analogous ways 150 years ago," he said. "Wealth grew by leaps and bounds, but so did resentment against what was happening."
Like today, significant reductions in the cost of communications and transport coincided with a huge influx of immigrants into the United States from the second half of the 1900s through the 1930s. Those conditions gave rise to the populist People's Party [as well as the Know Nothing movement], which pushed back against the elites in favor of the average man. "[U.S. presidential candidate] Donald Trump is not a new phenomenon," he remarked.
Today, a second populist protest against globalization is sweeping the Western world, he said. This revolt combines leftist ideas with nativist, nationalist and protectionist ideas. "All these parties are national socialist," said Joffe. "The right wing is nationalist, and the left wing is redistributionist." And its leaders — among them, Trump, U.K. Independence Party leader Nigel Farage (who spearheaded the UK Brexit campaign), French National Front Party leader Marine Le Pen, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and Polish President Jaroslaw Kaczyński — all employ the same kind of demagoguery.
"The common thrust of all [of them] is to pull up the drawbridges, widen the moats and raise the walls of the nation state that have been battered by globalization," he remarked. These forces, he said, seek ethnic, cultural, economic and even strategic isolationism from "undesirables — that is, immigration from undesirable cultures and creeds."
Joffe judged the first wave of globalization more merciless and brutal than the wave that is occurring in the West today, largely due to the welfare state and its ability to reduce the impact of economic dislocation and downward mobility. The brutal responses to the first wave of globalization — which he identified as fascism, communism and Nazism — all promised people protection against the outside world plus a redistribution of resources domestically. "I don't think that outcome is in any way plausible or likely [today]," he commented.
With respect to the demonization of free trade by anti-globalization forces, Joffe later asked, "What if the real enemy is not free trade but technology?" Perhaps, he mused, the consequences of free trade are not driving the current reaction to globalization and immigration, but the disruptive technology that is upending economic arrangements and people's individual lives.
Refuting the Brexit argument
Joffe asserted that the UK was highly integrated into the EU, which remains the largest market for its manufactured exports. The newspaper publisher discounted the arguments that an exit would rid the UK of onerous labor regulations, reduce its monetary contributions to the European project and give it greater access to non-EU markets. The UK, he pointed out, already has the lowest level of labor regulation of any EU member state. And in order to continue to access the unified European market, the UK would then have to join the European Economic Area — for a fee that would nearly equal its current EU contributions (and without a voice in its governance).
Brexit sign. (Photo: Paul Lloyd/ Flickr, 2016; cropped. CC BY-NC-SA 2.0.
As for the "keep-out-the-foreigners" argument, he noted that the UK was not a signatory of the Schengen Agreement of 1985 and thus already controlled its national borders. And Joffe warned that should the UK move to limit immigration from EU members, it may provoke those countries to take action against the two million British citizens living on the European continent.
Prime Minister Cameron has already used the threat of a potential U.K. exit to wrest significant concessions from the EU, said Joffe. Those concessions include an agreement with the EU that the goal of "ever closer unity" does not apply to the UK, as well as relief from paying work benefits for new immigrants for a period of four years. Finally, Joffe stressed the long-term gains in trade and economic growth that the UK had derived from EU membership.
Should the UK vote to leave the EU, Joffe predicted that it would experience a stock market crash; a currency devaluation; the departure of Prime Minister Cameron from power; an "ever closer union" between France and Germany; and a successful second referendum in Scotland in favor of leaving the United Kingdom. Without free trade, he commented, the UK will simply end up with low-productivity firms at home.
Germany and the refugee crisis
Asked to comment about German Chancellor Angela Merkel's handling of the refugee crisis in Germany, Joffe said, "I think Merkel has been very, very adroit." At first, he explained, she took the moral high road, accepted refuges without limit and sought to make amends for Germany's racist past. "Then she realized," he continued, "that with 1.2 million refugees in the country just last year, it was putting enormous strains on the political system."
In what Joffe termed a brilliant tactical move, Merkel managed to retain her openness to refugees and avoid closing Germany's borders by waiting for countries further south along the Balkan route to close theirs (as Hungary, Austria and others subsequently did). She then negotiated an agreement with Turkey on behalf of the EU in March 2016 that further de-escalated the situation. Under that agreement, Turkey receives monetary support, travel privileges and other perks from the EU in return for holding Syrian and other refugees in Turkey while their applications to the EU are processed.
"So for the time being," he commented, "the crisis that really threatened to blow up in her face… is contained." He conceded, however, that "the Turks have in their hands the power to regulate the flow of refugees at will… and it's a very unpleasant position to be in."
All non-captioned photos in text by Peggy McInerny/ UCLA.
Published: Friday, May 20, 2016
• Center for European and Russian Studies • 11367 Bunche Hall• Los Angeles• CA• 90095-1446
• Email: cers@international.ucla.edu • Campus Mail Code: 144603 • Tel: (310) 825-8030 • Fax: (310) 206-3555 •


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TI-89 & TI-92 programs
Where is VLC 1.0.6?
VLC 1.0.6 was announced two weeks ago (at the time of writing this piece), and a few people ask where to get this new version.
The short answer is, you can get it at the usual location:
ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/vlc/1.0.6/
So what do have there? We have three files:
vlc-1.0.6.tar.bz2
The source code for VLC media player version 1.0.6.
vlc-1.0.6.tar.bz2.asc
A digital signature of the first file, which proves that the file was originated from the VideoLAN project.
vlc-1.0.6.tar.bz2.sha512
The SHA-512 fingerprint of the first file, which can be used to detect (unlikely) errors during the file transfer.
So how do you proceed from there? Well, you need to download the source code, unpack it, configure it, compile it, link it, install it and then you can use VLC. If you know how to that, anyway. As the VideoLAN main page notes:
VideoLAN (...) produces free and open source software for multimedia.
The VideoLAN projects is made of
writing code, implementing new features and fixing bugs;
polishing localizations or adding new ones;
testing the unreleased software and filing bugs;
writing the documentation (volunteers needed).
The result of all their work is collected by the release manager, who is responsible for making the source code file above available, and announcing it.
Most importantly, the release manager is responsible for ensuring that the release makes any sense, i.e. that it will be useful to some people. So (s)he will look at the list of known bugs and unfinished work items. Once the severity of remaining bugs is deemed low enough, and the quantity of new features and bug fixes makes it worth the effort, a release is made.
Most users of VLC however won't use the source code release. That's where the VLC packagers come into play. Those cool guys/gals take the source code, munge it and make easy to install VLC binary packages out of it.
There are several packagers. Out of a single VLC source code release, many different binary package are made. Also, not all types of binary packages are necessarily built for every version, such as those counter-examples:
VLC 0.9.10 was only targetted for MacOS X.
VLC 0.9.0 and 0.9.1 did not ship on Windows due to stability problems.
VLC 1.0.4 was only targetted for Linux (they were no major differences from 1.0.3 on other systems).
Some packagers are members of the VideoLAN project, and they publish their work on the VideoLAN website. This includes most notably the Windows ("Win32") package and the three MacOS X packages (PowerPC, 386, x86-64).
Other packagers are actively cooperating with the project but publish their work in other places as adequate. For instance, the Debian and Ubuntu packagers publish their VLC packages via those distributions respective websites.
And then there are even packagers working in their own corner, with hardly any cooperation. The "Portable" versions of VLC fall in this category.
Back to the point... where are the VLC 1.0.6 binaries that you can install? That depends on the package...
The VideoLAN project does not make Linux binaries at the moment. Linux distributions are expected to integrate their own VLC package. As an example, you can already find VLC 1.0.6 in Debian Sid and in Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid).
Unfortunately, the situation is not always so bright. Most Linux distributions do follow the VLC release schedule but use their own. This is a major problem for their users, as they experience already fixed bugs, or worse, security vulnerabilities. This is also a major problem us, as it is a cause for bad publicity, and waste of effort in support queries and untimely bug reports.
All variants of Ubuntu from 2009 and earlier ship old versions. So does the so-called stable Debian Etch, which still includes the ridiculously old and -paraxodically- unstable VLC version 0.8.6. In both cases, the provided VLC packages suffer from known published security vulnerabilities.
There is no VLC 1.0.6 for MacOS X because there are no active MacOS X packagers at the moment. This is no big news. I already mentioned it a year ago, and it suddenly became big news last Christmas on many Information Technology websites.
The two active MacOS X guys then announced their new project, Lunettes, which uses the LibVLC media engine, but is not VLC media player.
That may have precipited the demise of VLC on MacOS, as nobody would want to work on an abandoned "legacy" project.
There used to be developers and packagers doing VLC for Windows as part of, or in connection with their day job. Unfortunately, they both quit the project several years ago.
The VideoLAN project still supports Windows thanks to the efforts of several volunteers, but the situation is less than ideal.
Currently, there is simply no time to dedicate on VLC 1.0.6 for Windows, in addition to the upcoming VLC version 1.1.0. Security-concious users can install VLC prerelease version 1.1.0-pre3 which is quite stable and addresses the recently published security vulnerabilities.
It is understood this is inconvenient. But you need to keep in mind that VLC is an almost exclusively volunteer effort, and there are no warranties. The VideoLAN project would welcome any help in this area, and in many others as well: browser plugins, documentation, core, etc.
Copyright © 2004-2019 Rémi Denis-Courmont.
Page last updated on 25/08/2019.


text:
local torch = require 'torch'
local table = require 'std.table'

local M = {}

function M.chars_to_ints(text)
  local alphabet = {}
  local probs = {}
  local encoded = torch.Tensor(#text)
  for i = 1, #text do
    local c = text:sub(i, i)
    if alphabet[c] == nil then
      alphabet[#alphabet+1] = c
      alphabet[c] = #alphabet
      probs[c] = 0
    end
    encoded[i] = alphabet[c]
    probs[c] = probs[c] + 1/#text
  end

  return alphabet, encoded
end

function M.ints_to_one_hot(ints, n_symbols)
  local height = ints:size()[1]
  local zeros = torch.zeros(height, n_symbols)
  local indices = ints:view(-1, 1):long()
  local one_hot = zeros:scatter(2, indices, 1)
  return one_hot
end

function M.chars_to_one_hot(alphabet, text)
  local ints = torch.Tensor(#text)
  for i = 1, #text do
    local c = text:sub(i, i)
    ints[i] = alphabet[c]
  end

  return M.ints_to_one_hot(ints, #alphabet)
end

function M.one_hot_to_ints(one_hot)
  local _, ints = torch.max(one_hot, 2)
  return ints:view(-1)
end

function M.ints_to_chars(alphabet, ints)
  local decoded = {}
  for i = 1, ints:size(1) do
    decoded[i] = alphabet[ints[i]]
  end

  return table.concat(decoded)
end

function M.one_hot_to_chars(alphabet, one_hot)
  return M.ints_to_chars(alphabet, M.one_hot_to_ints(one_hot))
end

return M

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This Suffolk house was re-roofed and had the chimneys rebuilt, restoring them to how they would have looked when the property was first built.
All the existing roof tiles were stripped off and set aside for re-use. The broken or damaged tiles were replaced with second-hand tiles to gain a match.
We have had the privilege of being invited back to this property over the past few years for various projects, including decorations, alterations and refurbishments on numerous occasions.


text:
College ran riot in rout of Warriors
Preston's College's Daniel Miller throws down a two-handed slam dunk
Published: 07:58 Thursday 26 February 2015
Preston's College basketball team led from tip to buzzer as they posted a resounding 117-37 victory at home against Kendal Warriors in National League Division Four.
Guard Anthony Stanhope led the team with a superb shooting display as he finished with a game-high 23 points, three rebounds, two assists and two steals in little over 20 minutes of action. Melkisedek Moreaux closely followed with 22 and Kyle Carey 18.
The home team jumped out early on the visitors and established a commanding 17-point lead as the first quarter drew to a close.
By the end of the second quarter that ballooned into a 46-point lead.
Indeed as the first half came to a close the team were in front 67-19 with England Under-18s standout Carey hitting a buzzer-beating three of his own to further sink the dagger in the hearts of Kendal.
As the fourth quarter started and with the result no longer in doubt at 91-29, coach Malcolm Leak started rotating his bench players and throwing various defensive rotations at Kendal.
The scoring kept apace as the home side throttled the visitors with their defensive intensity as they restricted them to just 18 second-half points.
As the buzzer sounded the team had registered the highest points total this season whilst setting a new record for fewest points allowed.
Leak said: "We made extra passes and got our shooters set to score. We'll take the win and focus on our next game and prepare with the same energy and attitude we have done all season."
Stanhope said: "I think it's really down to my team, they really looked for me throughout and got me the ball in spots that I could score.
"I think that it was a great team effort with good energy from start to finish. The crowd and the good atmosphere really helped us out."
The win sees Preston consolidate their fourth spot in the league with a 9-6 record, with a game in hand over fifth-placed Gateshead.
Next up for the side is a road trip to Leeds to take on the struggling Tigers.
With an top-three finish and automatic chance of making the play-offs now a distant memory, the team now hope that they can rely on results in other conferences going their way and hope to sneak the one spot that is on offer as the best fourth-placed finisher in the country.
"If we come in fourth and don't make the play-offs that will give me more inspiration in the summer to come back stronger and recruit harder," added Malcolm.
In other action, Preston's College Under-18s t took care of business, seeing off Sefton Stars 84-31 with Melkisedek Moreaux underlying his scoring performances of late with 24 points.
The win maintains their 100% standing in the NW Conference with a 13-0 record with only three games remaining.
However, two of them are against arch-rivals Myerscough College who are also unbeaten and so it could well come down to the last game of the season to decide who lifts the U18 crown.
"I think we haven't shown our best punch yet, right now we haven't hit them with our best punch, " said Leak.


text:
Trump Threatens To Limit Aid To Puerto Rico, Citing Pre-Hurricane 'Disaster'
Elections, Live News Events, Politics, World News / Donald Trump, hurricane irma, hurricane season, puerto rico / By mar / October 12th 2017 October 12th 2017
President Trump began Thursday on Twitter by appearing to tell Puerto Rico that the federal relief effort after its worst hurricane in a century had a pending expiration date. "Electric and all infrastructure was disaster before hurricanes. Congress to decide how much to spend," he tweeted. "We cannot keep FEMA, the military, and the first responders … in P.R. forever!" San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulin Cruz responded with a scathing letter to Trump, saying he was "incapable of empathy" and condemning Puerto Ricans to a "slow death." On Thursday, the House will vote on a $36.5 billion emergency spending bill for the areas hit by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria that includes $5.05 billion in loans for Puerto Rico.
San Juan mayor says Trump is "incapable of empathy and frankly simply cannot get the job done" in Puerto Rico https://t.co/WG6NF6DSbR pic.twitter.com/SzGxNniftR
— CNN (@CNN) October 12, 2017


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text:
Chesto Means Business
New York-Boston rivalry endures in tech sector, too
By Jon Chesto Globe Staff,April 16, 2019, 8:12 p.m.
The Red Sox-Yankees rivalry that resumed on Tuesday isn't quite what it used to be, with both teams off to what charitably can be called slow starts to their 2019 seasons.
For a real NYC-Boston competition, let's head to the tech sector instead.
Accounting giant PwC's latest quarterly venture capital report came out last week, and Metro New York again trumped Boston by dollars raised and volume of VC deals. The PwC-CB Insights report shows startups in New York raised $4.5 billion compared to $2.8 billion in New England during the quarter, a fairly typical result. Total deals: 205 versus 131. (Both metros take a back seat to San Francisco.)
Of course, the New York metro area dwarfs Greater Boston in terms of size. It stands to reason there would be more deals, and more money changing hands. But it wasn't that long ago when New England — Greater Boston, for the most part — frequently beat New York on both measures. That dynamic shifted significantly amid the emergence of a new wave of Internet companies — a sector that favors New York, the country's media capital. PwC says New York started to consistently beat New England on VC deal volume in 2012, and on dollars raised in 2015.
The strength of the local VC community is an important tech bellwether. However, it's not the only one. Along comes site selection firm Hickey & Associates with a new report ranking global innovation hubs. Boston won this competition; New York was fourth after San Francisco and Los Angeles.
The Hickey ranking takes per-capita measures into account, giving smaller cities like Boston more of a chance. Our edge primarily came from patent activity. We aren't far from New York in measures of absolute R&D employment and investments, but we easily pull ahead on a per capita basis for both.
David Hickey, the firm's managing director, says Boston seems to be chipping away at New York's East Coast supremacy. (Hickey is based in New York, but his firm finally opened its own Boston office last month.)
Both cities were ostensible winners in high-profile corporate relocation contests. General Electric moved to Boston, and Amazon later decided to split its HQ2 offices between New York and D.C. Amazon's commitment to New York didn't last long, though: The Seattle-based company bailed on the big city after a political backlash imperiled subsidies it had been promised. (GE's Boston move hasn't quite worked out as planned, either, but that's a whole other story.)
Relocation specialist John Boyd says he sees an opening for cities such as Boston and Montreal to exploit the implosion of the New York-Amazon deal. Boyd, who is based in New Jersey, says he has heard from a few clients seeking reassurances that their own New York incentives aren't in danger. The city, Boyd notes, has become the epicenter for the US progressive movement, raising some concerns about anti-business sentiment there.
Plus, Boston real estate will always be less expensive: Boyd points to $70-per-square-foot as the typical rent for office space in the Back Bay, compared to $125-per-square-foot in Manhattan.
Still, Amazon says it will continue to add jobs in New York, even without HQ2. And Google and Facebook are charting major expansions there that overshadow what those companies are doing in Cambridge.
Advocates for the tech sector in Boston aren't sweating. Tom Hopcroft, president of the Mass Technology Leadership Council, points to recent state employment figures as evidence: New York is nearly three times the size of Massachusetts by population, but its tech sector is less than 25 percent larger than ours based on employment numbers. We continue to punch above our weight class, as Hopcroft puts it.
So, to mix sporting metaphors, let's get back to the baseball diamond. These latest reports underscore one thing: Even if the Red Sox languish in the American League for now, the state's tech sector will remain a championship contender.
Jon Chesto can be reached at jon.chesto@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @jonchesto.


text:
Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. v. Republic of Slovenia, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/24, Decision on the Treaty Interpretation (June 12, 2009)
Charles N. Brower
Jan Paulsson
David A. R. Williams
Treaty Interpretation
I. THE PARTIES AND THE NATURE OF THEIR DISPUTE
CLAIMANT: HRvATSKA ELEKTROPRIVREDA, D.O.
1. The Claimant, Hrvatska elektroprivreda, d.d. ("HEP"), is the national electric company of Croatia. It was formed in July 1990 pursuant to the 1990 Electricity Act by the consolidation of 119 formerly independent electricity organisations. In 1994 HEP's status changed from a state-owned company to a joint-stock company. From 1994 to the present 100% of the stock in HEP has been owned by the Government of Croatia 1
RESPONDENT: THE REpUBLIC OF SLOVENIA
2. The Respondent, the Republic of Slovenia ("Slovenia"), came into existence on 25 June 1991 when the Slovenian parliament declared independence from the former Socialist Federal Republic ofYugoslavia.2
More in ICSID
Principles of Investment Arbitration Planning in Latin America - WAMR -2020 Vol. 14, No. 1
More by Charles N. Brower
"Autonomous" versus International: The European Union's Conversion from Vertical Confederation to Horizontal Empire-Building - Chapter 76 - Reflections on International Arbitration
Adel A Hamadi Al Tamimi v. Sultanate of Oman (ICSID Case No. ARB-11-33) Award
PDF | November 2015
https://arbitrationlaw.com/sites/default/files/free_pdfs/adel_a_hamadi_al_tamimi_v._sultanate_of_oman_icsid_case_no._arb-11-33_award.pdf
Allegations of Corruption in the Underlying Claim: What Remedies are Available to the Arbitral Tribunal? - WAMR 2015 Vol. 9, No. 3


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