Calligraphy is a beautiful and exquisite form of writing which requires minimal tools other than the best calligraphy pen and some ink to create decorative lettering and symbols. While it may be a delicate art that can only be finessed and perfected with both practice and patience, having the right calligraphy supplies before you get started can really help. The better your calligraphy pen, the more impressive will be your end results. In case you are wondering what the difference is between a calligraphy pen and that fountain pen you already have at home from your graduation day, essentially it's all about the nib. That's the element that stylistically creates the different strokes and angles for your lettering. So let's take a look at some of our recommendations for best calligraphy pen that will have you creating professional looking manuscripts and documents and elaborate pieces of artwork.
Pilot produce exceptional writing instruments and this fountain calligraphy pen from their Metropolitan collection is an excellent example of their craftsmanship which will certainly enable you to enhance your penmanship. This Pilot MR pen has been designed with writing performance in mind and has also been built to last with a durable brass barrel and sleek premium finish.
It's a very timeless and elegant looking nib pen that's beautifully engineered with plenty of sophisticated features. Available in four stylish colors, black, burnished silver, champagne or gold, it also makes a wonderful present for a graduation or work promotion. The fountain pen from their range comes with a fine nib which is perfect for practicing more intricate style calligraphy lettering and is supplied with 1 Pilot black ink cartridge and one pilot press plate converter. It's a beautiful tool for anyone who loves to write and is affordably priced. Make sure you also check our guide to the best bolt action pens.
We've picked out a 2-pack of pens next from the popular brand Tombow. Their Fudenosuke Brush set features both a soft and a hard tip and features an easy to use and flexible brush tip which is perfect for beginners to the art of calligraphy who are perfecting their lettering and drawing technique.
With the two tips, you can easily create the extra fine, medium as well as coarse strokes that different font styles require by adjusting the pressure on the nib. The pens are already filled with water-based pigmented black ink so are ready to use immediately. The ink runs smoothly and consistently, and the pens are lightweight and easy to handle plus inexpensive too. You can achieve good contrast between those up and down strokes and as a beginner, grow in confidence using these Tombow Fudenosuke lettering pens. Be sure to also check out our list of the best fountain pens for more great items like this.
Our next calligraphy pen set is from the Sheaffer Viewpoint range and is a blister pack of two pens. Featuring classic stainless steel nibs which are easy to clean and maintain, these pens have a fine nib which is great for delicate and intricate lettering styles. Included with your purchase Sheaffer has also added two of their classic black Skrip ink cartridges.
These fountain calligraphy pens conveniently feature a window in the barrel so that you can easily monitor and change your ink when required. The pen is available in a striking range of bold and contemporary colors which are bound to add a splash of vibrancy to your desk space and everyday writing experience. They represent fantastic quality as well as great value for money and are perfect for a whole range of versatile handwriting projects. With a rubberized traction grip, the Sheaffer Viewpoint calligraphy pen is easy to hold and handle and won't slip when you are attempting a delicate up to downstroke. From entry level up to experienced users, these pens are a fantastic creative choice for any budding calligrapher. Our handy guide to the best EDC pens features more great products like this.
Up next we have an exquisite designer gift set from Scribe Sword which is a beautifully presented pointed calligraphy pen. It's both beautiful to look at and exceptional to use. With superior, quality craftsmanship and a strong focus on design, this brushed stainless steel mounting pen in blue features sumptuous polished accents. It's all presented in an executive style stitched case which will look wonderful on your desk. The stainless steel nib effortlessly glides across the paper to deliver beautiful brush strokes, consistent lines, and just the right ink flow. Supplied with a precision machined medium thickness nib, you can create optimal lines and reproduce a host of popular and intricate fonts.
Everything you require is included in this presentation gift set including full instructions and a generous supply of ink. You receive six international six ink cartridges in classic black that have an airtight snap seal so that the ink is conserved and doesn't dry out. Tastefully designed, this Scribe Sword Fountain Pen sets combines the antique style of writing with a sleek and modern designed pen for exceptional writing experience. This high-quality set makes a truly thoughtful and beautiful gift idea. Love this product? Check out our review of the best writing pens for our top picks.
We're back with Tombow now, and we're taking a look at their flexible brush tip calligraphy style pen which makes trying out new lettering a breeze. Made from resilient and hard wearing flexible nylon tips, this dual tip marker features both a flexible as well as a firm tip on either end. The water-based ink is blendable, odorless and non-bleeding as well as being both acid-free and non-toxic too so if you have younger members of the family looking to try out their calligraphy skills for the first time, the Tombow 56621 Dual Brush Pen is a wise choice.
You do get the best of both worlds with this Tombow dual brush pen. The flexible tip end can be used as a paintbrush to achieve a range of different brush stroke thicknesses and so is perfect for lettering as well as illustration work. The nylon fibers are resilient and can withstand pressure without breaking. The tips are also self-cleaning too so you can bend and mix colors without being concerned about ruining or staining your marker tip.
That opposite end features a fine bullet tip which gives a strong and firm finish for consistent and fine lettering which is better suited to writing, completed intricate design or drawing embellishments. More than just a writing tool, this Tombow dual brush pen is a fully creative tool to support all your artistic endeavors. Find more great products like this by checking out our guide to the best 3D pens.
Specially designed for Calligraphy, this unique Itoya Doubleheader Marker is perfect for unleashing your creativity and bringing that special finishing touch to a whole host of lettering projects. The advanced double headed design delivers two highly chilled pen points to work with. There's a think 1.5 mm end which is excellent for smaller and more intricate designs, along with a thicker 3.0 mm end that can administer bold and distinctive lines and lettering.
Available in a choice of colored inks, the ink supplied is all water soluble and acid-free so these Itoya doubleheader makers can be used by the younger members of your family too, introducing them to the wonderfully creative world of calligraphy. Don't forget to also check our guide to the best mechanical pencils.
You don't need to be a fan of calligraphy to have heard of Parker. The iconic company, established back in 1888 is globally recognized for its exceptional range of writing instruments, and with their Parker Jotter Fountain Pen, they have reimagined their original Jotter dies as an exquisite fountain pen. This modern looking fountain pen brings a whole new refined sensibility to the art of fine writing.
Comprising of a beautiful stainless steel barrel, this is a stylish pen with a streamlined and contemporary silhouette and high shine trims. With a feather-shaped nib, you can create gorgeous lettering and lines, and the medium width ensures lots of flexible control and execution of up and down strokes.
It comes with one large cartridge of blue water-based ink and is packaged in a distinctive Parker presentation box making it ideally suited to give as a gift. A couple of color options and finishes are available, so there is bound to be one that suits the personality and style of the special writer in your life. This would also make a refined and memorable gift for a graduate or to celebrate a promotion or landmark event. You may also like to check our guide to the best tactical pens.
We're back with popular calligraphy and writing supplies brand Sheaffer next and looking at their beautiful teal colored Fountain pen which comes with a user-friendly and versatile medium nib. Operating now for over 170 years, you can be assured of style, quality as well as a luxury when you purchase a pen from this favorite brand.
The Sheaffer Calligraphy Viewpoint pen is a great pen for beginners through to more experienced calligraphers and can be purchased either as a single pen, a mini kit or a maxi kit. Sheaffer color code their nibs so you can instantly pick out the correct one for the project you are working on. Fine is pink, Medium is Teal, and Lime Green is Broad. With the mini and maxi kits, you also get full how-to instructions in case you are new to calligraphy and delicate writing techniques. Sheaffer also offers a 1-year warranty with all purchases.
With a view window on the barrel of the pen, you can easily see the status of your ink, ready to exchange your cartridge when necessary. These bright and modern pens make an excellent addition to your calligraphy pen collection and are suitable for a wide range of writing and creative purposes, adding a sophisticated touch to a scrapbook, journal or writing birthday and wedding invitations.
This Joy Calligraphy Pen from LAMY is an exquisite writing tool that is bound to inspire the handler to create beautiful, inspiring lettering and words. Handwriting is the hallmark of the writer and an expression of their personality and to do justice to that, you need a tool that feels natural in your hand and allows that creativity to flow. With this LAMY fountain pen, you can achieve just that thanks to its ergonomic design which comfortably fits in hand.
Constructed out of shiny black plastic, this pointed pen is perfect for all kinds of handwriting from invitations and place cards, to menus and certificates. It's a very modern and streamlined looking silhouette of a pen with that attractive and slim stainless steel nib which is perfect for all your lettering requirements. It comes supplied with one blue T10 ink cartridge. It's a beautiful writing tool which is comfortable and natural to use and achieves consistent writing results.
Our next fountain calligraphy pen is from Sailor, and it's the Fude De Mannen in Bamboo Green. It's an elegant and striking looking and performing pen that has a specially designed nib, ideal for creating those intricate calligraphy style letters and fonts. Even if you are new to this art form and just getting started putting pen strokes to paper, the Sailor Fude De Mannen is an excellent choice. Currently, in Japan, these style of fountain pens are growing in popularity over the traditional brush pen for calligraphy.
With a practical and comfortable ergonomic grip, you have much more control and precision over the pen and the strokes you can make across the paper. The pen can be supplied with either a high angled "Watatake" nib (55-degrees) for fine lettering, and low angled "Kon" nib (40-degrees) for more bold lettering. The line weight and fonts you can create are related to the angle you use.
The name itself is a play on words as when spoken out loud in Japanese Fude apparently sounds like "brush pen" and Mannen "fountain pen" so it's a homage to blending both of those popular characteristics into the one popular pen. The longer length style of the pen being representative visually of a brush too. It also comes supplied with two sailor ink cartridges. Overall this pen provides a considerable amount of artistic scope to really develop your creative calligraphy skills and to draw some exquisite illustrations.
If you are looking for a gift idea for someone creative in the family, then this Kentaur Calligraphy Fountain Pen Set will make a truly personal and memorable gift. It's a fully comprehensive kit that includes everything the budding new calligrapher requires to get started with their creative pastime.
The set features an elegantly styled blue metallic fountain pen body with three separate interchangeable nibs along with seven different ink cartridges in various colors. The nibs provided are 1.1mm / 1.5mm / 1.9mm and are the best combination for achieving the western calligraphic styles. If you're not sure what those even are, a hand instruction and practice booklet is included so that you can practice those different nib techniques to create different styles of lettering.
The ink supplied with this kit is Austrian Calligraphy ink and come in black, blue, red, green and also a striking purple so that you can add lots of intensity and variety to your penmanship or any drawings you are creating. Overall, the Kentaur kit represents excellent value and is a great starter kit for a novice to calligraphy, right through to more experienced writers.
Here at Gear Hungry, we like to the hard work so that you don't have to. Our team of researchers is dedicated to honing down all the products out there on the market place into one comprehensive and representative list of the best that category currently has to offer, be that Calligraphy pens or Label makers! We review consumer feedback, combine that with our own knowledge and opinions, to form unbiased buying guides so that you can ultimately make your own decision.
Reviews – always a valuable resource, scouring consumer views from customers who've tried and tested the products and left their honest feedback is a vital part of the research that we do.
Quality – nothing makes it onto our list unless we can be assured that it represents excellent value for money and will deliver a quality user experience.
Brand – it's essential that we put forward an unbiased and representative cross-section of all the best brands in a category and don't just feature the market leaders.
Q: Are fountain pens and calligraphy pens the same?
A: Fountain pens and calligraphy pens are indeed very similar, and you would be excused for getting the two mixed up as the terms are quite commonly interchangeable, however, there are a few but none the less important differences that set them apart from each other.
A fountain pen uses an ink solution that is made up of a solvent and a solute so that you get a consistent solution that has been designed so that it won't clog the fountain pen and it will deliver a smooth and even writing result across the surface of the paper. It's a think ink consistency and not best suited for dipping a nib into, which is generally the process for calligraphy although both fountain and calligraphy pens can be used with appropriate cartridges too.
Calligraphy inks tend to be more highly pigmented with their color being made up, like a paint, from ground up the solid matter as opposed to the diluted or dissolved dye coloring found in a fountain pen. A Calligraphy ink will clog up a fountain pen due to its thicker consistency.
Essentially a calligraphy pen is a subtype of the fountain pen and belongs to the same family in that respect, but each requires different upkeep and care. Most calligraphy pens these days have a plastic ink cartridge along with a metallic nib for writing, or they may be entirely dip-pens which require an inkwell with a repeated dip-wet action of your nib needed. Fountain pens tend to be more expensive and to use calligraphy inks inside them would cause damage.
It's the nib which the two pens have which sets them apart. Fountain pens usually feature a pointed nib made from a material such as steel, gold or rhodium and will come in various sizes from Extra Fine through to Bold. Calligraphy nibs, on the other hand, are characteristically broader with a flat edge which can be used to created varying marks of thickness in the strokes made. This is what makes them more suitable for stylised and unique penmanship. To achieve different style scripts, the pen needs to be held at different angles to create varying stroke sizes and direction. The nib sizes are usually defined as Small through to Large and are reflected by a millimeter measurement.
Q: Can you write calligraphy with a fountain pen?
Felt tip pens – An inexpensive option for a beginner to the craft which is easy to use and don't require messing about with inks either. They're good for practice but certainly not suitable for works of art or any important styles of documents you might be working on.
Fountain pens – These are a popular choice for intermediate and even some more advanced calligraphers. They utilize interchangeable nibs and ink cartridges and can b used to perfect the technique and style.
Dip Pens – A traditional dip pen consists of three component parts; the handle, nib-holder, and shaft. This style of pen is favored by advanced calligraphers but can be used by beginners who execute lots of patience and are looking to practice their style and flair.
Brush Pens – This type of brush will have a thin head made from either nylon or sable hair and is typically short and stiff to provide plenty of control and precision over those strokes. They can be messy though for beginners to use and certainly take plenty of practice and a steady, controlled hand.
Q: Is calligraphy ink toxic?
A: These days most ink, including that designed specifically for use when practicing the art of calligraphy, is, but it's always best to check the brand you are purchasing to be 100% sure.
Q: Can left-handers do calligraphy?
A: Absolutely, yes, left-handers can very much learn the art of calligraphy just the same as right-handers. In fact, one of the most impressive and popular calligraphers in the world, Gaynor Goffe, is left-handed. The main issue you will need to overcome is how to hold that pen at the correct angle to create the strokes. You may also find it useful to purchase a special left oblique nib which will help you with the technique. If you are left-handed and keen to know more about how you should set up your board and hold your pen, the Calligraphy and Lettering Arts Association has some practical tips and advise on this subject matter.
Q: How do you clean calligraphy pens?
A: If you've never used calligraphy pens and nibs before they can take a little getting used to and there are a couple of important maintenance tips you should follow, especially when it comes to cleaning your pen. Let's run through a couple of the key recommendations below.
Remove the manufacturer's oil your new nib will come with before getting started. This is added to help the nib stay nice, but it doesn't mix well with ink. One quick and easy way to get rid of this oil is to pop the nib into a potato then wait fifteen minutes before removing, obviously discarding the potato afterward!
It's a good idea to clean your nib off regularly both during as well as after use. If you are working with thicker, paint like inks, that's particularly important. You don't need any fancy cleaners, just a good old pot of water will suffice to clean those nibs. Gently swish it around in the water and when you're done, squeeze the nib in a dry cloth, pinching it between your thumb and forefinger to remove any excess moisture. Check the nib is dry before you either starting writing again or put it away for another calligraphy session.


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Patriarcato
Simone fu nominato patriarca greco-ortodosso di Gerusalemme nel 1084. Papa Urbano II gli indirizzò una lettera, esortandolo a riconoscere il primato papale per ottenere la riunificazione delle Chiese cattolica e greco-ortodossa. Il Patriarca ecumenico di Costantinopoli, Nicola III Grammatico, mise in guardia Simone contro l'accettazione dell'offerta del Papa, ricordandogli la dottrina ortodossa sull'Eucaristia, il primato e il Credo niceno. Simeone scrisse un commentario sull'uso del pane azzimo nell'Eucaristia nella Chiesa latina in difesa della pratica ortodossa del pane lievitato. Dopo che gli Artuqidi lo costrinsero all'esilio, si stabilì a Cipro.

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni

Patriarchi greco-ortodossi di Gerusalemme

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Chatla Haor, The hidden beauty of Southern Assam
To me, Chatla Haor is one of the best places in southern Assam for photographers and tourists. In fact, this is the birthplace of many photographers (including myself). I am very attached to the place and have had a long-standing desire to tell others about it. Chatla is a seasonal wetland, around 16 km north of the second largest city in Assam, Silchar. It takes hardly 20 minutes to reach there from Silchar. The Ghagra river, a tributary of the Barak river, overflows onto this wetland during the rainy season. When inundated, Chatla has a maximum depth of 10 metres and is spread over 1,800 hectares.
The uniqueness of Chatla is that it is used as farmland during the winter; but between March and April, it gets swamped with water and becomes a huge lake. This place is very famous for its fisheries, it is one of the main suppliers of local fish to Silchar, and supports more than 1,500 fisheries. Although Chatla is home to all types of fishes, the Bhujia fish (a mix of tiny fishes) is its speciality—once you have eaten this dish (properly prepared) you will fall in love with it. During the rainy season, fishermen venture out late in the night to catch fish and return to a temporary market at dawn to sell them. Chatla is also famous for its flora and fauna and many researchers from the nearby Assam University and from abroad have done their research in the area.
According to historians, Chatla Haor was originally a part of the Kachari kingdom. In the absence of heirs from the Kachari dynasty, this territory lapsed to the British Raj under the terms of an agreement executed in 1826. Cachar district was created in the year 1830, after the annexation of Kachari Kingdom by the British. Chatla remained uninhabited until 1963, when refugees from Bangladesh, part of a fishing community called Kaiwartya, whose traditional lifestyle is profoundly associated with water and fish, settled in Chatla. There are many tilas (small highlands) in the region and Harintila was the first village settled by the refugees. After their settlement in the area, the state government assigned land to each family. Today, there are 32 villages in the Chatla area. The residents of Chatla are mainly Bengalis.
During the winter season (October to March) the inhabitants of Chatla engage themselves in the cultivation of different varieties of rice and other agricultural activities. Besides cultivation, the people of Chatla also do cattle and duck farming, the latter of which is a very successful business for the people of Chatla.
From a photographer's point of view, this is the perfect place to learn and practice photography. Chatla has nurtured many photographers, and their works on Chatla have won them laurels and recognition in the country and the world. During the winter, one can shoot the various agricultural activities like rice cultivation, harvesting, preparation of rice from paddy and making of parboiled rice. A photographer who is interested in the lifestyle of people and is comfortable roughing it has many opportunities to do so in Chatla.
As a landscape photographer, I personally began my photography journey at Chatla Haor. I still remember the day. It was a September afternoon when I went to Chatla—equipped with my first camera, which I had bought just a week before the trip—to shoot the sunset. Though those photographs were not that great in terms of composition and framing, the colour and structure of the clouds were great. Later, when I purchased a DSLR, I went there to learn and practice different aspects of photography. For me, Chatla was a school. I learned photography here and polished it in other parts of India. I have so many good (and some not so pleasant) memories of Chatla.
Once, on an early morning shoot, I ventured deep inside a part of the wetland. On my way back, I stepped on what looked solid ground but turned out to be soft mud. I sank almost waist deep and my co-photographer had to help me free myself. On another occasion, during the rainy season, we were returning home by boat after an evening shoot, when suddenly a strong wind built up. Within 15 minutes, our boat was being tossed around dangerously. Luckily, our experienced boatman took us to a place of safety. On the good memories side, my first international recognition as a photographer and one of the top photographic awards I have won was for a photograph of Chatla titled "Golden Hour". The photograph was clicked in September 2014, but it continues to impress—in December 2017, I got a national level award for it. Other photographs taken in Chatla were also featured in various national magazines and calendars.
I would suggest to every landscape and travel photographer that they visit Chatla at least once, preferably in September/October. During those months, the Chatla sky turns into a stunning canvas painted with an amazing range of colours and hues—red, yellow, orange, magenta, golden, and many other shades I cannot even think of names for. I think my photographs shared in this article reflect the beauty and drama of this wetland. According to my own belief, Chatla produces the most colourful sunset in India.
The place is easily accessible from the town of Silchar. From the town, you can take a public bus or a shared private vehicle, or even hire an autorickshaw and get down in Silcoorie Camp (it costs about 15). From there you can take an autorickshaw ( 10) to Chatla, or hire an auto for 50 and go inside Chatla. From Silcoorie Camp, it takes hardly 5 to 7 minutes. You will get down where the road ends. From there, if it is the rainy season, you can hire a boat from here ( 200) and explore the water body. For tourists, the boat ride will be very enjoyable. Photographers looking for good shots can take pictures from the boat itself, or ask the boatman to take them to one of the many tilas (highlands) dotting the area if they want to take photos off dry land. Photographers interested in night photography will also find good opportunities—since Chatla is some distance from the town, and the area is not very developed, there is no light pollution.
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So I thought id write a quick article about the pros and cons of travelling alone, and how anyone can do it.
Travelling alone means you are the boss. You are in charge. When you want to do something then dammit you can go and do it. If you get bored somewhere then just move on. If you want a lazy day doing nothing except reading a book or watching TV then awesome, go for it.
My point is you can do what you want when you want (within reason) and you don't have to think of anyone else. It may sound selfish but this sort of freedom is one of the real draws of travelling for me.
Nothing helps your self confidence than being alone and needing to do everything for yourself. Cooking all your food, booking all your accommodation or travel. Planning your trip for yourself. You suddenly realise how capable you really are.
Spending so much time alone you learn a lot about the person you are. It allows you to process your own thoughts. I've also found that since travelling I enjoy journeys a lot more. I don't tend to get bored anymore as I can entertain myself. I've been able to make monumental decisions and plans from just being by myself for a while.
When your travelling alone all the emphasis is on you to meet people. You have no safety blanket of that group of friends or partner you are normally with. If you want company then you have to go and find it. I've met so many interesting people and had some fantastically random nights just from speaking to someone when I wanted company.
Now for a few of the draw backs.
Travelling alone can become very lonely. You may struggle to meet people or have someone there when you need them. I remember getting to Melbourne and learning my Dog had died back home. I hadn't met anyone yet but all I needed was a hug. That was difficult.
Now I have people who I can reminisce with about my trips. The trouble? They are all over the world. Ill occasionally meet up with people I met on my trips and have a great walk down memory lane, but these are few and far between. When you have experienced some great things alone, you often have to rely on your own memory when wanting this nostalgia.
We all need a swift kick up the backside sometimes. When travelling alone, you are the person who needs to be both wielding and receiving the boot. This isn't easy at all. When I've been travelling in a group and I've been struggling my friends provided the motivation to get up and keep going. When alone its a much harder and slower process.
A lot of hotels, cruises, tours etc have single occupancy charges. I hate this! With a passion, but its often the case. The same can be said with splitting taxis, parking etc when travelling. You can often save a fortune travelling in a group or pair.
I've had to take some really awkward selfies when alone. You will end up taking lots of photos, none of which will include you. This can be solved by asking a stranger to take a photo of you somewhere, however if your as precious and protective of your camera as I am this isn't always an option!
There are different ways of travelling in a group and also travelling on your own. The approach I usually take is to meet established groups of people and hang about with them until I find its time to move on.
I have never really travelled with an established group of friends before so I cant really offer any advice to that, I have however travelling in a pair one or twice and this throw up its own pros and cons. The main con being the lack or freedom and having to consider and plan around someone else's feelings and plans.
However when in a pair there is also the constant company, this can again be amazing but also grating. Pick the person you are with wisely if your travelling in a pair. You will see the best and worst of that person very quickly and it can make or break friendships and relationships.
Travelling in organised tours also throws up its own pros and cons. The main con being, you cant chose who your with or what you do. I've done tours where I've been the only English speaker or haven't really clicked with anyone else doing it. This can make the tours really restrictive and suffocating. On the flip side, I've done tours where the tour content was a bit rubbish however the people I've met on them were so awesome that I fondly remember the tour as being amazing. Its a bit of a gamble really.
The best advice I can offer is to go alone. You will get the chance to meet people and join a group and travel with others when you want to.


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How artists use technology to erase Africa's online borders
When a democracy's next-door neighbor is a dictator, that can make international work complicated – even online. In some African countries, artists who talk about freedom of speech and information face unique challenges and threats. Let's hear about some of those challenges and aspirations first-hand.
Paulius Ilevičius
The Invisible Borders Trans-African Photographers Organisation (Invisible Borders) is an artist-led organization that uses photography and the arts to challenge the misconceptions and gaps existing between the 54 countries of Africa. NordVPN is proud to help support and secure their noble mission by providing them with VPN service.
In every country, the artists who work with Invisible Borders face different situations when it comes to online freedom and freedom of speech. While some countries are safe, others' complex political and social climates pose threats to their activities. We asked what challenges Invisible Borders face in their operations, how they mitigate them, and how VPNs help their operations.
NordVPN: How would you describe the internet freedom situation in Africa?
Invisible Borders: We can only speak of this from first hand knowledge accrued during some of our travels in countries of the continent. What we know is that freedom and its restrictions thereof, are often tied to specific political events or periods of tensions more than they are often permanent. We have seen this in Egypt and perhaps across countries of Northern Africa during the historic Arab Spring. The same goes for the South of Cameroon during the "Anglophone Crisis", or "Ambazonian war", wherein the government restricted internet access to discourage citizen journalism.
Fighting citizen journalism through the truncation of internet and telecommunication access is steadily becoming a trend in the continent. Yet, on a few occasions, this strategy was put to better use by the government, as was the case when internet access was blocked off in the far-north-west region of Nigeria as a way of fighting the terrorists organisation known as Boko Haram.
N: What digital struggles and cyberthreats do you usually encounter in your activities? How do you solve them?
IB: As an organisation whose core ideology is hinged upon the notion of movement and connecting audiences and administrators through the unbridled potential of cyberspace, we often find that this comes with some challenges. Since the inception of the project in 2009, we have used the internet for the hosting and dissemination of our projects. We have a score of interlinked blogs, websites and subdomains. We give access to administrators and participants to these blogs who, in turn, access these sites from different locations in the world. As a result, we are always battling spam, and hacks of our internet platforms.
Cameroun | Emeka Okereke | IBLM 2018
N: Which topics do you find the most dangerous to tackle?
IB: On our blogs, we have written and posted photographs conveying highly opinionated points of views about certain governments – to the extent of calling out specific political personalities and leaders. On a few occasions, we have been asked to take down the information. While I will not say that those threats are life threatening, it indeed calls for caution. We will not be surprised if, one of these days, we are surprised by a more severe threat. So as we grow our platform, we are mindful not to throw all caution to the wind.
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N: What online threats did you encounter during your road trips across Africa?
IB: During our 2018 Road Trip from Lagos to Kigali, we wrote an article about a certain state in the east of Nigeria. This article critiqued how images are used by politicians as a way of affecting the gaze of the everyday person. We didn't receive any threat, but we got a response from the spokesperson of the government asking that we reconsider our article – in other words, suggesting that we pull it down. Of course, we didn't.
Beautiful Obstacle, En route Addis Ababa | Ethiopia | Emeka Okereke | IB 2011
N: Which social groups in Africa are the most vulnerable to online or digital restrictions to their freedom of speech?
IB: I will say that the youths of today, especially those who only recently came to the realisation of the potency of their subjectivity. They are the ones at the forefront of some of the epochal protests taking place in the continent today. Many of them have turned into citizen journalists using their various audiences and platforms on social media to speak out. Some of them have groomed themselves into seasoned bloggers, writers, photographers, filmmakers and social media activists/influencers.
N: What struggles do the artists you represent encounter in the online world? What platforms do they use to share their work? Do they face any cyberthreats?
IB: We do not know so much about the extent to which the artists are affected. However, it is noteworthy that we live in an information era, where the data is a raw material and commodity at the same time. I think it is important to educate the artists about the imminent threat they face when engaging with cyberspace. If their work is relevant, it most certainly will come under threat sooner or later.
Rwanda | Emeka Okereke | IBLM 2018
N: Does your organization or the artists you work with use a VPN? If so, how does it help?
IB: We have been using VPN within the organisation. It helps a lot. Many of our artists and administrators are connecting to our online platforms from different countries with their own specific internet policies.
What we see, beyond of course exposing our platforms to hacked passwords, is that we get flagged a lot as a security measure by these internet platforms. This goes as far as locking an administrator out, for which he or she will need to be given access again by a super-admin of the organisation. While this is, in general, for safety, it can become cumbersome for our workflow. VPN helps us to have control over the security measures by having the option to choose which country to "log in" from.
N: What are the best ways to transfer your message or work to your target audience?
IB: The online platform has been a very important space for us. Our work is hosted in blogs, website, and web/mobile apps. Of course, we are firmly plugged into the art world whereby we have exhibitions in such places as the Centre Pompidou in Paris and Venice Biennale. Yet, cyberspace affords us an opportunity to connect beyond the esoteric confines of the art/intellectual world.
Homeward | Mali | Charles Okereke | IB 2010
N: Do you target and reach Western audiences?
IB: Our aim is to reach everyone across the globe. We say that what we do, or our aim, is to "put knowledge in the air". Also, the idea of the "West" is changing and becoming more complex. For instance, there is a strong and steadily growing Diasporan West. That too is West; our work resonates with these categories. Yet, we hope it will go beyond without, of course, needing to derail its ideological premise.
N: What other security measures, apart from VPNs, do you employ when working in Africa?
IB: We are constantly researching how to better protect our platforms from hackers and what apps and plugins to use for the early-detection and prevention of hackers. We are also slowly experimenting with best practice for password sharing as our workforce expands. For instance, we would love to implement NordPass for password protection and sharing. But we saw that the service does not have features for Teams and business as does 1Password.
(Editor's note: NordPass has since launched a B2B version, too. Check it out here.)
N: The internet is helping make information borderless, but it also raises privacy issues. Do mainstream social media platform privacy or censorship concerns affect your activities?
IB: The best way to assess this reality is to realise that we are living in what Shoshana Zuboff calls the 'Age of Surveillance Capitalism'. The real fight is not against the technology or even the algorithm, per say. What is of utmost importance today is to be informed and conscious of how we use these platforms.
Of course, the privacy policies of such mammoth data hogs like Google and Facebook are a major source of concern for us. But, we also know that what they are commodifying is the people's innate urge to connect with one another – to be together apart, so to speak. So going forward, we are taking our research and our understanding of the internet and cyberspace seriously. This is one of the reasons we have moved away from using WhatsApp, and instead, adopted telegram. We are even considering moving to signal if and when the features are right for us.
"Their decision to restrict the internet, in the long run, is counterproductive for them as they have only succeeded in awakening the people's consciousness to the fact that it is not just rumours. That, in essence, the government can block or monitor internet activities."
N: Do you consider the internet a safe space? Do you and your artists feel safe there?
IB: Yes and no. I think, as with many overlapping, intertwining spaces, the answer is somewhere in between – a kind of sweet spot.
Imaginations | Douala, Cameroon | Lilian Novo Isioro | IB 2012
N: What do you think about the internet restrictions during the Nigerian protests? How do you think this situation will be handled?
(In October, Nigerians protested against police brutality and were concerned about possible internet shutdowns. These concerns were fuelled by a spike in connection shutdowns during anti-government protests throughout Africa)
IB: It is indeed telling of the power of subjectivity. The government has never considered the internet a serious space of connection, hence why most of the administrative departments of the country are not duly digitized. However, with the protest, they got a glimpse of the potency of the internet space.
Their decision to restrict the internet, in the long run, is counterproductive for them as they have only succeeded in awakening the people's consciousness to the fact that it is not just rumours. That, in essence, the government can block or monitor internet activities. I believe that going forward people will start educating themselves on how to guard against this intrusion.
N: How, if at all, will this situation impact your own activities?
IB: It would have impacted some of our artists and administrators working out of Nigeria. But, we are aware of it. Simply bringing VPN into the equation mitigates, to a sizable extent, any losses that could have been suffered by this.
How NordVPN makes your activities safer
Internet freedom and privacy are our core values, so we are always glad to encourage and help the others to achieve and protect these principles. Thus, we continuously support organizations fighting for online freedom and making the internet free and open for everyone.
Providing safety for activists, journalists and whistleblowers has always been one of our goals. NordVPN has lots of handy features to help you operate in areas with higher risks and low freedom of speech indexes:
Our Kill Switch function instantly cuts down your internet connection in case you lose VPN connectivity so that no data would leak;
Obfuscated servers will hide the fact that you use a VPN;
Onion Over VPN feature provides you with additional layers of encryption and anonymity.
The Threat Protection feature will help you to identify malware-ridden files, block trackers, ads and dodgy websites.
Let's stay protected and put our best efforts to protect our goals from cyber disruptions.
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Paulius Ilevičius is a technology and art enthusiast who is always eager to explore the most up-to-date issues in cybersec and internet freedom. He is always in search for new and unexplored angles to share with his readers.
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Politics and International Relations (1)
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (2)
PS: Political Science & Politics (1)
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (1)
Boydell & Brewer (9)
Race, Ethnicity, and Politics section of the American Political Science Association (APSA) (1)
World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (1)
St Andrews Studies in Scottish History (9)
Advances in Personal Relationships (1)
Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics (1)
Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology (1)
Systematics Association Special Volume Series (1)
Cambridge Handbooks (2)
Cambridge Handbooks of Linguistics (1)
Cambridge Handbooks of Psychology (1)
Edited by Katie Stevenson, Michael Brown
Book: Medieval St Andrews
Published by: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp vii-viii
Medieval St Andrews
Church, Cult, City
Print publication: 17 February 2017
St Andrews was of tremendous significance in medieval Scotland. Its importance remains readily apparent in the buildings which cluster the rocky promontory jutting out into the North Sea: the towers and walls of cathedral, castle and university provide reminders of the status and wealth of the city in the Middle Ages. As a centre of earthly and spiritual government, as the place of veneration forScotland's patron saint and as an ancient seat of learning, St Andrews was the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland.
This volume provides the first full study of this special and multi-faceted centre throughout its golden age. The fourteen chapters use St Andrews as a focus for the discussion of multiple aspects of medieval life in Scotland. They examine church, spirituality, urban society andlearning in a specific context from the seventh to the sixteenth century, allowing for the consideration of St Andrews alongside other great religious and political centres of medieval Europe.
Michael Brown is Professor of Medieval Scottish History, University of St Andrews; Katie Stevenson is Keeper of Scottish History and Archaeology, National Museums Scotland and Senior Lecturer in Late Medieval History, University of St Andrews.
Contributors: Michael Brown, Ian Campbell, David Ditchburn, Elizabeth Ewan, Richard Fawcett, Derek Hall, Matthew Hammond, Julian Luxford, Roger Mason, Norman Reid, Bess Rhodes, Catherine Smith, Katie Stevenson, Simon Taylor, Tom Turpie.
Miscellaneous Endmatter
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp 400-400
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp xiii-xiv
List of Illustrations, Charts and Tables
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp ix-xii
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp i-iv
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp v-vi
Print publication: 17 February 2017, pp xv-xviii
The Scientific Potential for Astronomy from the Antarctic Plateau: A Report prepared by the Australian Working Group for Antarctic Astronomy
Michael Burton, D. K. Aitken, D. A. Allen, M. C. B. Ashley, M. G. Burton, R. D. Cannon, B. D. Carter, G. S. DaCosta, M. A. Dopita, M. L. Duldig, P. G. Edwards, P. E. Gillingham, P. J. Hall, A. R. Hyland, P. J. McGregor, J. R. Mould, R. P. Norris, E. M. Sadler, C. H. Smith, J. Spyromilio, J. W. V. Storey
Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 11 / Issue 2 / August 1994
Our knowledge of the universe comes from recording the photon and particle fluxes incident on the Earth from space. We thus require sensitive measurement across the entire energy spectrum, using large telescopes with efficient instrumentation located on superb sites. Technological advances and engineering constraints are nearing the point where we are recording as many photons arriving at a site as is possible. Major advances in the future will come from improving the quality of the site. The ultimate site is, of course, beyond the Earth's atmosphere, such as on the Moon, but economic limitations prevent our exploiting this avenue to the degree that the scientific community desires. Here we describe an alternative, which offers many of the advantages of space for a fraction of the cost: the Antarctic Plateau.
By Michael B. Abramowicz, John R. Allison, Kevin Emerson Collins, Christopher A. Cotropia, James E. Daily, John F. Duffy, Bronwyn H. Hall, Christopher M. Holman, F. Scott Kieff, Josh Lerner, Gerard N. Magliocca, Michael J. Meurer, Kristen Osenga, Arti K. Rai, Bhaven N. Sampat, Pamela Samuelson, Jason Schultz, Ted R. Sichelman
Edited by Michael B. Abramowicz, James E. Daily, F. Scott Kieff
Book: Perspectives on Patentable Subject Matter
Print publication: 28 November 2014, pp vii-viii
By Naila A. Ahmad, Dua M. Anderson, Jennifer Aunspaugh, Sabrina T. Bent, Adam Broussard, Staci Cameron, Rahul Dasgupta, Ravinder Devgun, Ofer N. Eytan, Sean H. Flack, Terry G. Fletcher, Charles James Fox, Mary Elise Fox, Scott Friedman, Louise K. Furukawa, Sonja Gennuso, Stanley M. Hall, Hani Hanna, Jacob Hummel, James E. Hunt, Ranu Jain, Joe R. Jansen, Deepa Kattail, Alan David Kaye, David J. Krodel, Gregory J. Latham, Sungeun Lee, Michael G. Levitzky, Alexander Y. Lin, Carl Lo, Hoa N. Luu, Camila Lyon, Kelly A. Machovec, Lizabeth D. Martin, Maria Matuszczak, Patrick S. McCarty, Brenda C. McClain, J. Grant McFadyen, Helen Nazareth, Dolores B. Njoku, Christina M. Pabelick, Shannon M. Peters, Amit Prabhakar, Michael Richards, Kasia Rubin, Joel A. Saltzman, Lisgelia Santana, Gabriel Sarah, Katherine Stammen, John Stork, Kim M. Strupp, Lalitha V. Sundararaman, Rosalie F. Tassone, Douglas R. Thompson, Nicole C. P. Thompson, Paul A. Tripi, Jacqueline L. Tutiven, Navyugjit Virk, Stacey Watt, B. Craig Weldon, Maria Zestus
Edited by Alan David Kaye, Louisiana State University, Charles James Fox, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana, James H. Diaz, Louisiana State University
Book: Essentials of Pediatric Anesthesiology
Published online: 05 November 2014
Print publication: 16 October 2014, pp ix-xii
By Christopher R. Agnew, Jody L. Davis, Chelsea N. Ellithorpe, Paul E. Etcheverry, Robin Goodwin, Jeffrey D. Green, Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Heather M. Helms, Michael Ioerger, Elizabeth Keneski, Leanne K. Knobloch, Benjamin Le, Justin J. Lehmiller, Timothy J. Loving, Erina L. MacGeorge, Stephen R. Marks, Robert M. Milardo, Chelsea A. Reid, Çağla Sanrı, H. Colleen Sinclair, Erin C. Wehrman, Eric D. Widmer
Edited by Christopher R. Agnew, Purdue University, Indiana
Book: Social Influence on Close Relationships
Print publication: 09 October 2014, pp viii-x
By Marc Alexander, Joe Bray, Beatrix Busse, Patricia Canning, Ronald Carter, Jonathan Charteris-Black, Billy Clark, Tracy Cruickshank, Barbara Dancygier, Alan Durant, Catherine Emmott, Olga Fischer, Joanna Gavins, Alison Gibbons, Christiana Gregoriou, Geoff Hall, Craig Hamilton, Patrick Colm Hogan, Lesley Jeffries, Manuel Jobert, Rodney H. Jones, Marina Lambrou, Benedict Lin, Bill Louw, Dan McIntyre, Michaela Mahlberg, Jessica Mason, David S. Miall, Sara Mills, Marija Milojkovic, Ruth Page, David Peplow, Mick Short, Paul Simpson, Violeta Sotirova, Gerard Steen, Peter Stockwell, Michael Stubbs, Michael Toolan, Katie Wales, Sara Whiteley
Edited by Peter Stockwell, University of Nottingham, Sara Whiteley, University of Sheffield
Book: The Cambridge Handbook of Stylistics
Print publication: 08 May 2014, pp ix-xv
Contributor affiliations
By Frank Andrasik, Melissa R. Andrews, Ana Inés Ansaldo, Evangelos G. Antzoulatos, Lianhua Bai, Ellen Barrett, Linamara Battistella, Nicolas Bayle, Michael S. Beattie, Peter J. Beek, Serafin Beer, Heinrich Binder, Claire Bindschaedler, Sarah Blanton, Tasia Bobish, Michael L. Boninger, Joseph F. Bonner, Chadwick B. Boulay, Vanessa S. Boyce, Anna-Katharine Brem, Jacqueline C. Bresnahan, Floor E. Buma, Mary Bartlett Bunge, John H. Byrne, Jeffrey R. Capadona, Stefano F. Cappa, Diana D. Cardenas, Leeanne M. Carey, S. Thomas Carmichael, Glauco A. P. Caurin, Pablo Celnik, Kimberly M. Christian, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Adriana B. Conforto, Rory A. Cooper, Rosemarie Cooper, Steven C. Cramer, Armin Curt, Mark D'Esposito, Matthew B. Dalva, Gavriel David, Brandon Delia, Wenbin Deng, Volker Dietz, Bruce H. Dobkin, Marco Domeniconi, Edith Durand, Tracey Vause Earland, Georg Ebersbach, Jonathan J. Evans, James W. Fawcett, Uri Feintuch, Toby A. Ferguson, Marie T. Filbin, Diasinou Fioravante, Itzhak Fischer, Agnes Floel, Herta Flor, Karim Fouad, Richard S. J. Frackowiak, Peter H. Gorman, Thomas W. Gould, Jean-Michel Gracies, Amparo Gutierrez, Kurt Haas, C.D. Hall, Hans-Peter Hartung, Zhigang He, Jordan Hecker, Susan J. Herdman, Seth Herman, Leigh R. Hochberg, Ahmet Höke, Fay B. Horak, Jared C. Horvath, Richard L. Huganir, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Beata Jarosiewicz, Frances E. Jensen, Michael Jöbges, Larry M. Jordan, Jon H. Kaas, Andres M. Kanner, Noomi Katz, Matthew S. Kayser, Annmarie Kelleher, Gerd Kempermann, Timothy E. Kennedy, Jürg Kesselring, Fary Khan, Rachel Kizony, Jeffery D. Kocsis, Boudewijn J. Kollen, Hubertus Köller, John W. Krakauer, Hermano I. Krebs, Gert Kwakkel, Bradley Lang, Catherine E. Lang, Helmar C. Lehmann, Angelo C. Lepore, Glenn S. Le Prell, Mindy F. Levin, Joel M. Levine, David A. Low, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Jeffrey D. Macklis, Margaret Mak, Francine Malouin, William C. Mann, Paul D. Marasco, Christopher J. Mathias, Laura McClure, Jan Mehrholz, Lorne M. Mendell, Robert H. Miller, Carol Milligan, Beth Mineo, Simon W. Moore, Jennifer Morgan, Charbel E-H. Moussa, Martin Munz, Randolph J. Nudo, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Theresa Pape, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Kristin M. Pearson-Fuhrhop, P. Hunter Peckham, Tamara L. Pelleshi, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Thomas Platz, Marcus Pohl, Dejan B. Popović, Andrew M. Poulos, Maulik Purohit, Hui-Xin Qi, Debbie Rand, Mahendra S. Rao, Josef P. Rauschecker, Aimee Reiss, Carol L. Richards, Keith M. Robinson, Melvyn Roerdink, John C. Rosenbek, Serge Rossignol, Edward S. Ruthazer, Arash Sahraie, Krishnankutty Sathian, Marc H. Schieber, Brian J. Schmidt, Michael E. Selzer, Mijail D. Serruya, Himanshu Sharma, Michael Shifman, Jerry Silver, Thomas Sinkjær, George M. Smith, Young-Jin Son, Tim Spencer, John D. Steeves, Oswald Steward, Sheela Stuart, Austin J. Sumner, Chin Lik Tan, Robert W. Teasell, Gareth Thomas, Aiko K. Thompson, Richard F. Thompson, Wesley J. Thompson, Erika Timar, Ceri T. Trevethan, Christopher Trimby, Gary R. Turner, Mark H. Tuszynski, Erna A. van Niekerk, Ricardo Viana, Difei Wang, Anthony B. Ward, Nick S. Ward, Stephen G. Waxman, Patrice L. Weiss, Jörg Wissel, Steven L. Wolf, Jonathan R. Wolpaw, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Ross D. Zafonte, Binhai Zheng, Richard D. Zorowitz
Edited by Michael Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
Book: Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
Published online: 05 May 2014
Print publication: 24 April 2014, pp ix-xvi
Edited by Michael E. Selzer, Stephanie Clarke, Leonardo G. Cohen, Gert Kwakkel, Robert H. Miller, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
Taphonomy of the Ediacaran Fossil Pteridinium Simplex Preserved Three-Dimensionally in Mass Flow Deposits, Nama Group, Namibia
Mike Meyer, David Elliott, James D. Schiffbauer, Michael Hall, Karl H. Hoffman, Gabi Schneider, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Shuhai Xiao
Journal: Journal of Paleontology / Volume 88 / Issue 2 / March 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 October 2015, pp. 240-252
Ediacara-type fossils are found in a diverse array of preservational styles, implying that multiple taphonomic mechanisms might have been responsible for their preservational expression. For many Ediacara fossils, the "death mask" model has been invoked as the primary taphonomic pathway. The key to this preservational regime is the replication or sealing of sediments around the degrading organisms by microbially induced precipitation of authigenic pyrite, leading toward fossil preservation along bedding planes. Nama-style preservation, on the other hand, captures Ediacaran organisms as molds and three-dimensional casts within coarse-grained mass flow beds, and has been previously regarded as showing little or no evidence of a microbial preservational influence. To further understand these two seemingly distinct taphonomic pathways, we investigated the three-dimensionally preserved Ediacaran fossil Pteridinium simplex from mass flow deposits of the upper Kliphoek Member, Dabis Formation, Kuibis Subgroup, southern Namibia. Our analysis, using a combination of petrographic and micro-analytical methods, shows that Pteridinium simplex vanes are replicated with minor pyrite, but are most often represented by open voids that can be filled with secondary carbonate material; clay minerals are also found in association with the vanes, but their origin remains unresolved. The scarcity of pyrite and the development of voids are likely related to oxidative weathering and it is possible that microbial activities and authigenic pyrite may have contributed to the preservation of Pteridinium simplex; however, any microbes growing on P. simplex vanes within mass flow deposits were unlikely to have formed thick mats as envisioned in the death mask model. Differential weathering of replicating minerals and precipitation of secondary minerals greatly facilitate fossil collection and morphological characterization by allowing Pteridinium simplex vanes to be parted from the massive hosting sandstone.
The Great Cretaceous Walk: An Ichnological Survey of Lower Cretaceous Strata in Victoria, Australia and Implications for Gondwanan Paleontology
Anthony J. Martin, Thomas H. Rich, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Michael Hall, Lesley Kool, Peter Trusler
Journal: The Paleontological Society Special Publications / Volume 13 / 2014
Base Band Data for Testing Interference Mitigation Algorithms
Jon F. Bell, Peter J. Hall, Warwick E. Wilson, Robert J. Sault, Rick J. Smegal, Malcolm R. Smith, Willem van Straten, Michael J. Kesteven, Richard H. Ferris, Frank H. Briggs, Graham J. Carrad, Malcom W. Sinclair, Russell G. Gough, John M. Sarkissian, John D. Bunton, Matthew Bailes
Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 18 / Issue 1 / 2001
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013, pp. 105-113
Digital signal processing is one of many valuable tools for suppressing unwanted signals or inter-ference. Building hardware processing engines seems to be the way to best implement some classes of interference suppression but is, unfortunately, expensive and time-consuming, especially if several miti-gation techniques need to be compared. Simulations can be useful, but are not a substitute for real data. CSIRO's Australia Telescope National Facility has recently commenced a 'software radio telescope' project designed to fill the gap between dedicated hardware processors and pure simulation. In this approach, real telescope data are recorded coherently, then processed offline. This paper summarises the current contents of a freely available database of base band recorded data that can be used to experiment with signal processing solutions. It includes data from the following systems: single dish, multi-feed receiver; single dish with reference antenna; and an array of six 22 m antennas with and without a reference antenna. Astronomical sources such as OH masers, pulsars and continuum sources subject to interfering signals were recorded. The interfering signals include signals from the US Global Positioning System (GPS) and its Russian equivalent (GLONASS), television, microwave links, a low-Earth-orbit satellite, various other transmitters, and signals leaking from local telescope systems with fast clocks. The data are available on compact disk, allowing use in general purpose computers or as input to laboratory hardware prototypes.
By C. Alan Anderson, Celso Arango, David B. Arciniegas, Igor Bombin, Robert W. Buchanan, C. Robert Cloninger, Joshua Cosman, C. Munro Cullum, Felipe DeBrigard, Steven L. Dubovsky, Robert Feinstein, Lynne Fenton, Christopher M. Filley, Laura A. Flashman, Morris Freedman, Oliver Freudenreich, Kimberly L. Frey, Lauren C. Frey, Kelly S. Giovanello, Deborah A. Hall, John Hart, Kenneth M. Heilman, Katherine L. Howard, Robin A. Hurley, Daniel I. Kaufer, Sita Kedia, James P. Kelly, B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, Benzi M. Kluger, David G. Lichter, Deborah M. Little, Deborah M. Lucas, Thomas W. McAllister, Mario F. Mendez, Doron Merims, Steven G. Ojemann, Fred Ovsiew, Brian D. Power, Bruce H. Price, Gila Z. Reckess, Martin L. Reite, Matthew Rizzo, Donald C. Rojas, Michael Henry Rosenbloom, Elliott D. Ross, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Stuart A. Schneck, Jonathan M. Silver, Mark C. Spitz, Sergio E. Starkstein, Katherine H. Taber, Robert L. Trestman, Hal S. Wortzel
Edited by David B. Arciniegas, C. Alan Anderson, Christopher M. Filley
Book: Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry
Published online: 05 February 2013
Print publication: 24 January 2013, pp vii-x


Unleash the adventurous explorer hidden inside yourself. Do you have the skills it takes to survive a journey into unchartered waters? Learn about various explorers, from Norsemen to early European colonists, and discover the skills and tools they used to shape a new world. At week's end, put your abilities in reading maps and using navigational tools to the test as you take a "daring voyage" on the skipjack, Dee of St. Mary's.


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Koupéla är en stad och kommun i Burkina Faso och är administrativ huvudort för provinsen Kouritenga. Staden hade 28 151 invånare vid folkräkningen 2006, med totalt 58 411 invånare i hela kommunen.

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The project was a renovation or a small brick bungalow to a five bedroom family home with multiple living spaces located on Sydney's North Shore.


There was a flurry of M&A activity in the security industry in the first half of 2017 as more companies looked to move into the market and those already in the space looked to double down.
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Legislator comes out in support of stricter seat belt laws
COLCHESTER – A Vermont legislator who previously opposed more stringent seat belt laws says a recent series of deadly crashes has changed his mind.
Republican Rep. Pat Brennan tells Vermont Public Radio he plans to introduce a bill next year that would make seat belt violations a primary offense. The change would give police officers the authority to pull people over solely because they aren't wearing their seat belts.
As the chairman of the House Committee on Transportation, Brennan says he previously opposed making the violation a primary offense because he felt it was government overreach. That was before eight highway fatalities were reported in the same week in August.
Now, he says, there comes a time when legislators have to help people who "can't look out for themselves."


Merck More than a Mother" engages policy makers and fertility experts to define interventions to improve access to regulated fertility care in Africa and Asia.
"Merck More than a Mother" initiative in partnership with Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE), conducted a panel to address challenges and solutions to improve access to regulated fertility care in Africa and Asia. The high-level panel discussion of policy makers and international fertility experts held during the 7th annual Congress of ASPIRE in Malaysia also focused on exploring opportunities to collaborate with Asian Fertility Societies in order to build cost effective and safe fertility care capacity in Africa and developing countries.
Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia and Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare meeting before the 'Merck More than a Mother' event held during 7th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction Congress (ASPIRE 2017) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia, cuts the ribbon to mark the official opening of the 7th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction Congress (ASPIRE 2017) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Looking on are Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare; Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State for Health, Uganda; Hon. Zuliatu Cooper, Minister of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda; Prof. Oladapo Ashiru, President of Africa Fertility Society; Prof. Tzeng Chii-Ruey, President of ASPIRE; Dr. Surinder Singh, Congress President; Dato' Dr. Prashant Nadkarni; and Prof. P C Wong with Scientific Chairs and other ASPIRE officials.
After the success of the collaboration between "Merck More than a Mother" and Indian and Indonesian fertility experts to provide practical embryology training, Merck will connect Africa with Asia to provide more opportunities for building capacity and interventions to empower infertile women and couples.
Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia accompanied by Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare and other dignitaries.From left to right: Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State for Health, Uganda; Dr. Kamini Rao, Chairperson of International Institute for Training and Research in Reproductive Health- IIRRH, India; Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, Immediate Past President of ASPIRE & President Elect of Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecological Societies of India; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda; Hon. Joyce Lay, Member of Parliament, Kenya. 2nd row (L-R): Prof.Joe Leigh Simpson, Immediate Past President of International Federation of Fertility Societies; Prof. Oladapo Ashiru, President of Africa Fertility Society and Hon. Zuliatu Cooper, Minister of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone.
"Through 'Merck More than a Mother' we empower an underprivileged segment of women. Women who couldn't bear children and for this they are discriminated and mistreated by their husbands, families and communities. In some cultures, childless women still suffer discrimination, stigma and ostracism. This is unacceptable and has to change through our campaign," emphasized Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare.
Watch below the stories of women who have suffered as a result of the infertility stigma.
Group photo of the "Merck More than a Mother" high level panelists (left to right) Prof. Oladapo Ashiru, President of Africa Fertility Society; Dr. Ivan Sini, Chairman of Indonesian Reproductive Sciences Institute; Hon. Julieta Kavetuna, Deputy Minister of Health and Social Services, Namibia; Dr. Kamini Rao, Chairperson of International Institute for Training and Research in Reproductive Health, India; Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State for Health, Uganda; Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare;Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia;Hon. Zuliatu Cooper, Minister of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing, and Urban Development, Uganda; Hon. Joyce Lay, Member of Parliament, Kenya; Prof. Joe Leigh Simpson, Immediate Past President of International Federation of Fertility Societies joined by Prof. Tzeng Chii-Ruey, ASPIRE President; Prof. P C Wong; Dato' Dr. Prashant Nadkarni, Scientific Chairs; Dr. Surinder Singh, Congress President and Ms. BoonHuey EE, Managing Director, Merck Malaysia.
Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia and Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare accompanied by (from left to right) Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State for Health, Uganda; Dr. Kamini Rao, Chairperson of International Institute for Training and Research in Reproductive Health, India; Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, Immediate Past President of ASPIRE & President Elect of Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecological Societies of India; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing, and Urban Development, Uganda; and Hon. Joyce Lay, Member of Parliament.
High level panellists during the "Merck More than a Mother" event: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah (center) of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation; Malaysia with Dr. Rasha Kelej (left), Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare with (from left to right) Dr. Ivan Sini, Chairman, Indonesian Reproductive Sciences Institute; Hon. Julieta Kavetuna, Deputy Minister of Health and Social Services, Namibia; Dr. Kamini Rao, Chairperson of International Institute for Training and Research in Reproductive Health, India; Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State for Health, Uganda; Hon. Zuliatu Cooper, Minister of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda; Hon. Joyce Lay, Member of Parliament, Kenya; Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, Immediate Past President of ASPIRE & President Elect of Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecological Societies of India and Prof. Joe Leigh Simpson, Immediate Past President of International Federation of Fertility Societies.
The high-level panel discussion included: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia; Hon. Sarah Opendi, Minister of State of Health, Uganda; Hon. Zuliatu Cooper, Minister of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone; Hon. Betty Amongi, Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Uganda; Hon. Julieta Kavetuna, Deputy Minister of Health and Social Services, Namibia; Hon. Joyce Lay, Member of Parliament, Kenya; Dr. Ivan Sini, Chairman, Indonesian Reproductive Sciences Institute; Dr. Kamini Rao, Chairperson of International Institute for Training and Research in Reproductive Health; Prof. Oladapo Ashiru, President of Africa Fertility Society, Nigeria; Dr. Jaideep Malhotra, immediate Past President, ASPIRE India; Prof. Joe Simpson, Immediate Past President, International Federation of Fertility Societies; and Dr. Rasha Kelej, Chief Social Officer, Merck Healthcare.
Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess Azizah of Pahang, Founder and Life President, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, Malaysia, emphasized at the high level panel that she strongly supports Merck More than a Mother campaign to support all infertile women, not only in Africa but all over the world. "Infertility is a global issue, all childless women face different kinds of social suffering and mistreatment everywhere in the world," she said.
Minister of State for Health of Uganda, Hon. Sarah Opendi emphasized: "In Uganda, between 15-20% of couples fail to conceive. Fertility clinics in the country to address this problem are few and expensive. Together with "Merck More than a Mother" and as Merck More than a Mother Ambassador; we are together with Merck creating awareness that infertility can be prevented and that to improve access, fertility care can be integrated into the existing public reproductive healthcare services which will be cost effective as the infrastructure is already there. In addition we are building a hospital for Women Health where an IVF center will be established to provide couples with affordable and effective treatment with the support of the Merck Embryologist Training Program".
"This a historic achievement for Africa, as Merck More than a Mother will do the same in Liberia where currently there are no fertility care facilities and infertile couples have to get treatment abroad too," Zuliatu Cooper added.
"Merck More than a Mother" is championed by the First Ladies of Central African Republic and Sierra Leone, Madam Brigitte Touadera and Madam Sia Koroma respectively. It was first implemented in Kenya in 2015 followed by Uganda, Nigeria, Tanzania, Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire and Central African Republic in 2016 and in Liberia and Sierra Leone in 2017.
Through 'Empowering Berna', "Merck More than a Mother" supports infertile women who can no longer be treated by empowering them socially and economically to lead independent and happier lives.
Over 1,000 infertile women in Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Liberia and Cote D'Ivoire who can no longer be treated have been empowered through the "Empowering Berna" project.
Watch below video on the stories of infertile women from Liberia, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria and Cote d'Ivoire before and after they enrolled in "Merck More than a Mother's" Empowering Berna project.
"Merck More than a Mother" also provides training programmes for embryologists in Africa to improve access to cost-effective fertility care. In addition, it supports governments to define policies to regulate ART, address the need for interventions to break the stigma around infertile women and raise awareness about infertility prevention and male infertility and the necessity for a team approach to family building among couples.
The training of African embryologists has already started in Indonesia and India and is benefitting eight participants from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Nigeria and Ghana. "Merck More than a Mother" will also support fertility training for healthcare providers in Sierra Leone and Liberia to establish a fertility experts' platform that will enable childless couples to be treated in their home countries for the first time.
Watch the videos below of the 'Merck Africa Embryology Training Program' in India and Indonesia as trainees from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana and Nigeria share their experience.


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Set Your DVR: Tennis Great Althea Gibson – An American Master
The story of Althea Gibson, the unlikely queen of the segregated tennis world during the 1950s, premieres on Friday September 4 at 9pm on PBS during the U.S. Open. Althea Gibson is an icon, one of the greatest athletes of our time, and a true American hero who paved the way for players like Serena …
Set Your DVR: Tennis Great Althea Gibson – An American Master Read More »
#NYFW: The Season's Most Stylish Athletes
Leave a Comment	/ General, Pretty Chic, Pretty Trendy, Running, Serena Williams, Tennis / By Pretty Tough
If it's September, you can be pretty sure of two things: Serena Williams will compete at the U.S. Tennis Open after which she will make an appearance at New York's Fashion Week. Williams, who won her 6th U.S Open title and 18th Grand Slam single last weekend, has fans on and off the court. One of the most recognized …
#NYFW: The Season's Most Stylish Athletes Read More »
Contenders for the 2014 Australian Open
Leave a Comment	/ Grand Slam, Maria Sharapova, Serena Williams, Tennis / By admin
Once the U.S. Open has come and gone, the average tennis fan turns attention toward the Australian Open. There's great tennis going on at smaller events between now and December, but Grand Slams draw the most attention, and that's why we're already excited for Melbourne! In looking toward the women's tournament at the Australian Open, …
Contenders for the 2014 Australian Open Read More »
Serena Williams Back on Top after U.S. Open Win
Leave a Comment	/ Serena Williams, Tennis / By admin
Serena Williams had a bit of a rough patch earlier this summer when she made offensive remarks about the Steubenville Rape Case, had a Twitter battle Maria Sharapova, and shockingly lost in the fourth round of Wimbledon. This weekend, Williams reinstated her reign as the best tennis player in the world with a win in the U.S. Open. Williams had a …
Serena Williams Back on Top after U.S. Open Win Read More »
Serena Stunned at Wimbledon
Leave a Comment	/ Grand Slam, Serena Williams, Tennis / By admin
The carnage at Wimbledon continues: Top seeds Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, Maria Sharapova were all ousted in the first week of the tournament. On Monday, it was defending champion Serena Williams' turn. The overwhelming favourite to lift a sixth Wimbledon title suffered a shock fourth-round defeat when she was beaten 6-2 1-6 6-4 by Germany's …
Serena Stunned at Wimbledon Read More »
U.S Open Champ Serena Williams is Simply the Best
Leave a Comment	/ Grand Slam, PRETTY, Serena Williams, Tennis, TOUGH / By admin
Wow. Just wow. Serena Williams is simply the best. Many are even referring to the last few months as the "Summer of Serena." Not only is she surviving, but at 30 years of age she is thriving. Coming back from the brink of defeat, the fourth-ranked Williams showed her mettle and won the 2012 U.S. …
U.S Open Champ Serena Williams is Simply the Best Read More »
Shocker: Serena Ousted in First Round of #FrenchOpen
The 2012 French Open got an infusion of drama late Tuesday when 13-time Grand Slam title winner Serena Williams suffered a stunning first-round loss to 111th-ranked Virginie Razzano of France. The 4-6, 7-6 (5), 6-3 upset was Williams' worst Grand Slam defeat in 47 appearances. It looked like Williams, the tournament's fifth seed, had the …
Shocker: Serena Ousted in First Round of #FrenchOpen Read More »
Serena Williams wins 500th career match in second round of Australian Open
Following a 6-3 6-2 victory over Tamira Paszek , Serena Williams defeated Barbora Zahlavova Strycova of the Czech Republic 6-0 6-4 in the second round of the Australian Open. With the victory, Williams notched her 500th career win, an achievement she now shares with her sister Venus Williams. The win improved her record to 500-104 …
Serena Williams wins 500th career match in second round of Australian Open Read More »
Nike Tennis 2012 Australian Open Lookbook
Leave a Comment	/ Maria Sharapova, Pretty Chic, Pretty Hot, Pretty Trendy, Serena Williams, Tennis / By maddy
The 100th Australian Open, which kicked off Monday in Melbourne, marks the start of the 2012 Grand Slam season and Nike's sending three ladies – Maria Sharapova, Serena Williams and Li Na – in fresh new gear. Sharapova hit the court wearing the Nike Maria Statement Slam Dress in white and neon green featuring high …
Nike Tennis 2012 Australian Open Lookbook Read More »


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package org.wso2.carbon.identity.application.authentication.framework.config.model.graph.js.base;

import org.wso2.carbon.identity.application.authentication.framework.context.AuthenticationContext;

/**
 * Interface for JavaScript Authentication Context Wrapper.
 */
public interface JsBaseAuthenticationContext {

    AuthenticationContext getWrapped();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Gnanam Elanjelian, http://corporatedir.com/company/kamdhenu-rural-infra-llp. Designation Partner at KAMDHENU RURAL INFRA LLP.
Elanjelian Kandaswany Swamy, http://corporatedir.com/company/kamdhenu-rural-infra-llp. Designation Partner at KAMDHENU RURAL INFRA LLP.
Located at A-12, PL- 6 & 7 SEC - 5, GAURI CO OP HSG SOC NEW PANVEL Raigarh MH 410206 IN, , . https://corporatedir.com/company/kamdhenu-rural-infra-llp.
Kamdhenu Rural Infra Llp was registered at Registrar of Companies Mumbai on 09 January, 2018 and is categorised as Limited liability partnership firm.
Kamdhenu Rural Infra Llp registered address on file is A-12, PL- 6 & 7 SEC - 5, GAURI CO OP HSG SOC NEW PANVEL Raigarh MH 410206 IN, - , , .
Kamdhenu Rural Infra Llp currently have 2 Active Directors / Partners: Gnanam Elanjelian, Elanjelian Kandaswany Swamy, and there are no other Active Directors / Partners in the company except these 2 officials.
Kamdhenu Rural Infra Llp is involved in Community, Personal & Social Services Activity and currently company is in Active Status.


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Q: How to login using android-simple-facebook? I need to get the basic user data, like Name, Email Address, Profile Picture, Birthdate etc.
I want to get this data from Facebook by offering users a login through Facebook in my android app instead of asking them to enter it manually.
I want to use android-simple-facebook https://github.com/sromku/android-simple-facebook for this purpose.
Can please someone give me a step by step instructions as to how to do it. The readme at their github account is too vague, to understand every step clearly.

A: I also had the same problem in doing this in Simple Facebook. So I just made a Helper class and use its method setLogin where I want to login.
    public class FacebookHelper {

public OnLoginListener onLoginListener = null;
Button btnFacebook;
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
Context mContext;

public FacebookHelper(Context mContext) {
    this.mContext = mContext;
}

public void setLogin() {
    // Login listener
    onLoginListener = new OnLoginListener() {

        @Override
        public void onThinking() {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        }

        @Override
        public void onException(Throwable throwable) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Toast.makeText(mContext, throwable + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                    .show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onFail(String reason) {
            Toast.makeText(mContext, reason + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                    .show();

            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        }

        @Override
        public void onLogin() {

            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            publishPhoto();
        }

        @Override
        public void onNotAcceptingPermissions(Type type) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Toast.makeText(mContext, type + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        }
    };

}

public void publishPhoto() {

    // set privacy
    Privacy privacy = new Privacy.Builder().setPrivacySettings(
            PrivacySettings.ALL_FRIENDS).build();

    Feed photo = new Feed.Builder()
            .setName("Name")
            .setDescription("Description")
            .setPicture(
                    "http://www.bcre.com/images/laguna_beach_california_2592.jpg")

            .setPrivacy(privacy).build();

    SimpleFacebook.getInstance().publish(photo, true,
            new OnPublishListener() {

                @Override
                public void onException(Throwable throwable) {
                    mProgressDialog.dismiss();
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, throwable.getMessage(),
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }

                @Override
                public void onFail(String reason) {
                    // mProgressDialog.dismiss();
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, reason, Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                            .show();
                }

                @Override
                public void onThinking() {
                    mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(mContext);
                    mProgressDialog.setTitle("Please Wait");
                    mProgressDialog.setMessage("UpLoading.....");
                    mProgressDialog.setCancelable(false);
                    mProgressDialog.show();
                }

                @Override
                public void onComplete(String response) {
                    // mProgressDialog.dismiss();
                    // Toast.makeText(mOCParksContext, response,
                    // Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            });

}

}
and then to call its methods just do this on your click. and initiating the objects in some override methods
mFacebookHelper.setLogin();
    mSimpleFacebook.login(mFacebookHelper.onLoginListener);

    @Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    mSimpleFacebook = SimpleFacebook.getInstance(this);
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    mSimpleFacebook.onActivityResult(this, requestCode, resultCode, data);
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In the past, Congress has requested tax returns from the IRS on a limited basis to inform policymaking. When the IRS was discovered to have engaged in targeting of conservative non-profit groups, congressional investigators requested the returns of all known affected parties but not of specific individuals. The law is specific on public disclosure of tax returns or information about them by Congress or the executive branch, which can also request them, without a majority vote - it's explicitly illegal.


Fire is the great fear of all home owners, and in the aftermath of these unfortunate circumstances, the rebuilding process can be a long and arduous one. If your roof has suffered from the effects of fire, call Roofing White Plains today. We can bring you the best quality repairs that will reverse the damage to your roof, and providing you with a stable, sturdy and once again attractive roof to assist in your rebuilding efforts in the wake of these events.
When we undertake a fire damage repair service, the first step is to get as much information as we can. This involves a full and close inspection of your roof, from foundation to surface to ensure that we know every last bit of damage received. This will not only keep our roofers safe, but will allow us to deliver a complete roofing repair that will have your roof stable and secure again. Simply refinishing your roof is the act of putting a bandage on a wound that needs to be amputated. Only by strengthening the foundation can your roof be solid again.
The next step in our damage reversal process is to ensure that your foundation for your roof is addressed. Repairs placed upon weakened supports will only last for a small amount of time before the weakened wood gives way to wear and the elements. Our professional roofers will ensure that your roof's foundation is strong and that it will hold up to the effects of wind, water, and other measures. When choosing Roofing White Plains you are choosing a company that will give you complete care from the inside out to ensure that your roof stands up against the outside world.
After the foundation has been addressed, and your roof is once again stable, the refinishing process can begin. This will bring back the original look of your roof and put the finishes touches on our service. It is after this process that the handiwork of our roofing company comes to full fruition, and you will truly be able to see the results from the state that your roof was in before, to its renewed condition. We bring you a thorough and attentive service that will reverse the signs of damage before your eyes, and give you back your original roof.
In the wake of incidents such as fire, you can take comfort in seeing your repair crews on site, and knowing that the work to pick up the pieces has begun. This is one of the reasons why we maintain such high quality services and speedy response time. When your home is struck with an incident such as this, having the right company at your side will make the issue that much easier to deal with, and White Plains Best Roofing brings this helpful comfort to you. From New York City, to Westchester, White Plains and beyond.


Aside from fashion, I LOVE food and enjoy cooking and trying out new recipes whenever I have time. I want to be able to share my latest creations with everyone, so I'll be doing some food posts every now and then. Sometimes they'll be my own recipes and other times, I'll take them from somewhere/someone else. I hope you enjoy them!
Mix the ground turkey meat (I used half regular and half all-white meat so it was a bit leaner) with a bit of garlic powder, salt and pepper to taste, and 5-7 drops of hot sauce. Divide into two equal patties. Heat grill pan to medium-high heat and cook both sides for about 5 minutes each. Add American cheese (as many slices as you'd like) for the last 2 minutes. Serve on toasted bun with frisee lettuce, sliced tomato, and caramelized onions.
Chop half an onion. Heat olive oil (enough to cover the bottom of the pan) to medium heat (you don't want to burn the onions). Add onions. Cook for about 10 minutes. Add salt and a pinch of sugar. Let it cook for another 20 minutes.
Heat oven to 450 degrees. Cut 2 clean, scrubbed, Yukon Gold potatoes in long slices to form wedge-shaped potatoes. Mix wedges in a little bit of olive oil, Kosher sea salt, and pepper. Place on baking sheet and bake in the oven for about 20 minutes.
Previous Wedding Inspiration: The Dress!
I'm going to try this recipe real soon and test it out. Good job! The photo is mouthwatering.