text:
\section{Introduction}

Studying  algorithmic problems in group theory could be traced back to Max Dehn.  In 1911, Dehn highlighted the $word$ $problem$ alongside two other problems: the Conjugacy Problem and the Group Isomorphism Problem. Since then, studying the algorithmic aspects of different problems has been an active field in combinatorial and geometric group theory. Algorithmic results on solvable groups were for a long time the real jems of combinatorial group theory, revealing interesting relations with computational commutative algebra and number theory. Researchers started looking again at the general classes of solvable groups, but this time from asymptotic, geometric, and computational perspectives.

In a recent work  Myasnikov $et$ $al$ \cite{myasnikov} consider the following three algorithmic problems related to Geodesic Problem in free solvable groups .

{\bf { \em The Geodesic Problem (GP) :}}  Let $X=\{ x_1, \dotsc,  x_m \}$ be a set of generators for a finitely generated group $G$ and $F(X)$ be the free group generated by $X$. Let $\mu : F(x) \rightarrow G $ be the canonical epimorphism. For a word $w \in F(X)$ represented in the alphabet $X^{\pm1}$ we denote by $|w|$  the length of $w$
  (number of generators used in a reduced presentation of $w$).  We define the Geodesic Length $l_X(g)$ of $g \in G$   with respect to the set of generators $X$ as follows

$$l_X(g):=min\{ |w|  \mid w \in F(X), \mu(w)=g \}$$

A word $w \in F(x)$ is called a {\it geodesic word} if $l_X(\mu(w))= |w|$.  The Geodesic Problem relative to $X$ is the following problem: given a word $g \in G$ find a {\it geodesic word} $w \in F(X)$  such that $g=\mu (w)$ in $G$.

{\bf{\em The Geodesic Length Problem (GLP) }}Let $G$ be a finitely generated group and $X$ be a set of generators of $G$. Given a word $w \in F(X)$ find $l_X(\mu(w))$.

{\bf{\em Bounded Geodesic Length Problem (BGLP) }}   Let $G$ be  a finitely generated group  with a set of generators $X$. Given a word $w \in F(X)$ and $k \in \mathbb{N}$ determine if $l_X(\mu(w)) \leq k$.

The hardness of $BGLP$, $GLP$ and $GP$ in a given group $G$ is discussed in \cite{myasnikov}. It is shown that each problem in the list is polynomial time {\it Turing reducible} to the next one. In the same paper $NP$-completeness of  $BGLP$ in free matabelian groups of arbitrary rank is proved.

We need to remind  some definitions from Complexity Theory.

{\bf{\em Polynomial-time Reducibility}} Problem $P$ is  Polynomial-time reducible to problem $Q$ if whenever $P$ has a solution,  such a solution can be obtained from a solution of $Q$ in polynomial time.

{\bf{\em Class NP}} Class $NP$ is the class of all decision problems for which the ''yes"-instances are recognizable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine.

{\bf{\em NP-complete}} A problem $P$ is $NP$-complete if it is in class $NP$ and any other problem in class $NP$ is reducible to $P$ in polynomial-time. In other words, $P$ is at least as hard as any other problem in the class $NP$.

{\bf{\em  NP-hard  }} A problem $P$ is $NP$-hard if any $NP$-complete problem is polynomial time {\it Turing reducible} to $P$.

In a more recent paper \cite{elder}  Elder and Rechnitzer show that  for a finitely generated group $G$ these three problems are equivalent, i.e.,  they are reducible to each other in polynomial time.

  Motivated by some applications in group-based cryptography(see \cite{gp cryp}),  we construct a  2-approximation polynomial time deterministic algorithm for the Geodesic Problem in free metabelian groups. (Theorem 3.1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the idea of finding a good approximation to the optimal solution of  computationally hard problem is used in infinite group theory.  We  show that
 the Geodesic Problem in the restricted wreath product of a finitely generated group with a finitely generated abelian group
containing  ${ \mathbb {Z}}^2$ is $NP$-hard and  there exists a Polynomial Time Approximation Scheme for this problem. These approximation algorithms have an important role in solving the Conjugacy Problem in the so-called  $length$-$based$ $attack$ in  group-based cryptography( \cite{gp cryp}).
 We also show that  the Geodesic Problem in the restricted wreath product of two finitely generated  non-trivial abelian groups  is $NP$-hard if and only if the second group contains ${ \mathbb {Z}}^2$ (Theorems 2.3 and 2.4). This answers a question from \cite{myasnikov}.

We wish to thank A. Myasnikov and B. Shepherd for making many very helpful suggestions. We also thank L. Babai for showing that the TSP in virtually cyclic groups is in P, and S. Arora for giving a hint how to extend his polynomial time approximation schemes for the construction of Euclidean Traveling Salesman Tour to the construction of Traveling Salesman Path.

\section{Geodesic Problem In  Restricted Wreath Product  }

The results in this section are obtained by combining known results from group theory and computer science. Theorems 2.3, 2.4 and 2.6 are not hard to prove but the statements are interesting since they introduce the idea of Polynomial time Approximation Algorithm into infinite group theory. Furthermore,  they answer open questions and have never been formulated elsewhere.

Let us first agree about notations.  Let $A$ and $B$ be groups. Let

$$D:=\{ f:B \to A | |supp(f)| <  \infty \}.$$

 For $b \in B$ we  define the following action on $D$ :

\begin{align*}
&\hat{b}: D \to  D \\
& f(.) \mapsto f(b^{-1}.)
\end{align*}

We have an embedding $B \hookrightarrow Aut(D) $ by identifying $b$ with $\hat{b}$.

 The restricted wreath product $G=A \wr B $ is  the restricted semidirect  product $D \rtimes B$  consisting of all pairs $(f,b)$, $f \in D$ and  $b \in B$ with the operation

$$(f,b)(f',b'):=(fb(f'),bb').$$

For any $a \in  A$, let  $f_a \in D$  be the function that maps identity to $a$ and everything else to identity.  The map $a \mapsto (f_a,1 )$ gives the inclusion $A \hookrightarrow G$. We identify $a\in A$ with $(f_a,1)\in G.$ We also have the natural inclusion of $B$ in $G$ by $b \hookrightarrow (1,b)$.

We denote by  $f^b=b^{-1}fb$ the conjugation by elements of $B$ . Then

\begin{equation}
f_a^{b}=b^{-1}f_ab=(1,b^{-1})(f_a,1)(1,b)=(b^{-1}(f_a),b^{-1})(1,b)=(b^{-1}(f_a),1).
\end{equation}

Thus, $D \lhd G$. We also notice that  $b^{-1}(f_a)$ is the function that maps $b^{-1}$ to $a$ and everything else to $1$.

Now let $A$ be a finitely generated  group and $B$ be a finitely generated abelian group.
Let $S_A=\{ a_1, \dotsc,  a_t \}$ and $S_B=\{ b_1, \dotsc,  b_r  \}$ be the sets of generators of $A$ and $B$ respectively.  Then  $S_G=S_A  \cup  S_B$ generates $G$(see \cite{parry } ).

Let $F=F(S_G)$ and  $g \in F $ . $g$ can be expressed as follows
\begin{equation}
g=b_1^{n_{11}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{1r}}c_1b_1^{n_{21}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{2r}} c_2 \dotsm b_1^{n_{k1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{kr}} c_k b_1^{n'_{1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n'_{r}},
\end{equation}
where $c_1,\dotsc , c_k\in A$.

We note that $b_1^{n_{11}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{1r}}$ and $b_1^{n'_{1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n'_{r}}$ might be identity.

Let  $h_i=b_1^{n_{i1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{ir}}$ for $1 \leq i \leq k$ and $h'=b_1^{n'_{1}} \dotsm b_r^{n'_{r}}$.
 Then, $g=h_1c_1\dotsm h_kc_k h'$. We can rewrite $g$ as follows (using the fact that $B$ is abelian)

\begin{align}
 \nonumber g=& (h_1c_1h_1^{-1})(h_1h_2c_2h_2^{-1}h_1^{-1})(h_1h_2h_3c_3h_3^{-1}h_2^{-1}h_1^{-1})  \\
  \nonumber    &\dotsm  (h_1h_2 \dotsm h_k c_k  h_k^{-1} \dotsm  h_2^{-1}h_1^{-1}) h_1 \dotsm h_k h'     \\
                         & = c_1^{h_1^{-1}} c_2^{h_1^{-1}h_2^{-1}} \dotsm c_k^{h_1^{-1} \dotsm h_k^{-1}} h' h_1 \dotsm h_k  .
\end{align}

Let  $w_i=h_1^{-1} \dotsm  h_i^{-1}$ for $1 \leq i \leq k$ and $b=h' h_1 \dotsm h_k$. Then, $g=c_1^{w_1} \dotsm c_k^{w_k}b$. Since $c_i^{w_i} \in A$ is the function that maps $w_i^{-1}$ to $c_i$ and any other element of $B$ to the  identity, if $w_i \neq w_j$, $c_i^{w_i}c_j^{w_j}=c_j^{w_j}c_i^{w_i}$.  On the other hand, we can assume that $w_i \neq w_j$ for $i\neq j$. To see this suppose that there exist $w_i$ and $w_j$ such that $w_i=w_j$ and $i < j$. Also assume that $j$ is the smallest index satisfying this property. Then, we can flip $c_i^{w_i}$  over $c_{i+1}^{w_{i+1}}, \dotsc ,c_{j-1}^{w_{j-1}}$ :

\begin{align}
\nonumber  g &= c_1^{w_1} \dotsm c_i^{w_i}c_{i+1}^{w_{i+1}} \dotsm c_j^{w_j} \dotsm c_k^{w_k}b\\
\nonumber     &=  c_1^{w_1} \dotsm a_{i+1}^{w_{i+1}} c_i^{w_i}\dotsm c_j^{w_j} \dotsm c_k^{w_k}b\\
\nonumber     & \vdots \\
\nonumber     &=  c_1^{w_1} \dotsm c_{i+1}^{w_{i+1}}\dotsm  c_i^{w_i} c_j^{w_j} \dotsm c_k^{w_k}b \\
                         &=  c_1^{w_1} \dotsm c_{i+1}^{w_{i+1}}\dotsm  (c_ic_j)^{w_j} \dotsm c_k^{w_k}b.
\end{align}

since we are looking for the  minimal number of the generators needed to present $g$ and  $|c_ic_j|_{A} \leq |c_i|_A+ |c_j|_A$, we don't lose anything in terms of the minimality  of $|c_i|_A$. Therefore, we can assume that $w_i \neq w_j$, for all $ i \neq j$.

Now, we consider the Geodesic Problem for $g$ with respect to the set of generators $S_G$.
 Suppose that we know how to solve the Geodesic Problem in $A$ with respect to $S_A$, i.e, we know the Geodesic Length of $c_i$ with respect to $S_A$ denoted by $|c_i|_A$.

For $g=b_1^{n_{11}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{1r}}c_1b_1^{n_{21}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{2r}}c_2  \dotsm b_1^{n_{k1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n_{kr}}c_kb_1^{n'_{1}}  \dotsm b_r^{n'_{r}}$ we denote by $l$ the following sum:

\begin{equation}
l=\sum_{i=1}^{r}n_{1i}+ \dotsb  +\sum_{i=1}^{r}n_{ki}+\sum_{i=1}^{r}n'_{i} + \sum_{i=1}^{k}|c_{i}|_A.
\end{equation}

We want to relate this sum to a path in the Cayley graph of $B$. For the moment let assume  that $B$ is free and consider $C={ \mathbb {Z}}^r$ viewed as the Cayley graph of $B$ with respect  to the set of  generators $S_B$.  Let  $v_0$ be the vertex of $C$ corresponding  to identity. Let $x=b_1^{x_1}  \dotsm b_r^{x_r}$ and $y=b_1^{y_1}  \dotsm b_r^{y_r}$ be two vertices in $C$. The  Manhattan distance between $x$ and $y$ is defined as

\begin{equation}
d(x,y)=\sum_{i=1}^{r}\arrowvert x_i-y_i \arrowvert .
\end{equation}

In other words, $d(. ,.)$ is the restriction of the distance induced by $\mathcal{L}_1$-norm on $\mathbb {R}^r$ to ${ \mathbb {Z}}^r$ .

\begin{definition}
 Let $S=\{w_1, \dotsc , w_m , b\}$ be a set of elements of $B$ such that $w_i \neq w_j$ for $i\neq j$.  We say  $l$ is a walk on $S$ with end point $b$ if $l$ is a path of the form  $v_{0}, w_{i_1}, \dotsc,  w_{i_m},b,$ where $w_{i_1}, \dotsc,  w_{i_m}$ is a permutation of $w_1, \dotsc , w_m$.  We call such $l$ minimum if it has the minimum length with respect to $d(.,.)$ among all such walks.
\end{definition}

\begin{lemma}
\cite{parry }  \label{geo word}
Let $g=a_{i_1}^{w_1} \dotsm a_{i_k}^{w_k} b \in F$ where $a_{i1},\dotsc , a_{i_k}\in A$,  $w_1, \dotsc w_k \in B$ and $w_i$ are all different. Any {\it geodesic word} $g'$ such that $g'=\mu(g)$ corresponds to a minimum walk in $C$ on $S=\{w_1, \dotsc, w_m , b\}$ with end point $b$.
\end{lemma}

\begin{corollary}\label{reduction}
 If we know how to solve Geodesic Problem in $A$, solving Geodesic Problem in $G=A \wr B$ is equivalent to finding a minimum walk on a finite subgraph of  the Cayley graph of $B$.
\end{corollary}

 {\bf{\em The Traveling Salesman Path Problem in ${ \mathbb {Z}}^r$($TSPP$) \cite{grid} :}}
 Given a set of points $\{ s, w_1, \dotsc, w_n, t\} \subset { \mathbb {Z}}^r$ with two distinguished points $s,t$  and a metric on ${ \mathbb {Z}}^r$, find a minimum path of the form $s,w_{i_1}, \dotsc,  w_{i_n}, t$  where $w_{i_1}, \dotsc,  w_{i_n}$ is a permutation of $w_1, \dotsc , w_n$ .

 It has been shown that the Traveling Salesman Problem in ${ \mathbb {Z}}^r$ with Manhattan distance is $NP$-hard for $n\geq 2$ (see \cite{grid}) . From that, one can easily conclude the $NP$-hardness of $TSPP$ in ${ \mathbb {Z}}^r$.

\begin{theorem}
 Geodesic Problem in $G=A\wr B$ is $NP$-hard where $A$ is a finitely generated non-trivial group and $B$ is a finitely generated abelian group containing ${ \mathbb {Z}}^2$.
 \end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Without loss of generality we can assume that $B$ is free. In order to show $NP$-hardness of the Geodesic Problem in $G$, we will reduce the problem of finding a minimum walk on a finite set of  $C={ \mathbb {Z}}^r$, viewed as the Cayley graph of $B$, to the Geodesic Problem in $G$. Let $v_0, w_1, \dotsc, w_k,b$ be $k+2$ different vertices in $C$(we can always assume that $v_0$ is one the points). We want to find a minimum walk on $S=\{w_1, \dotsc, w_k,b\}$ with endpoint $b$.  Now consider the following Geodesic Problem in $G$. Fix $a \in S_A$ and Consider $g=a^{w_1}a^{w_2} \dotsm a^{w_k}b$ . Assume that we know how to solve the Geodesic Problem for $g$. Thus, we can find a { \it geodesic word} $g'$ representing $g$. By lemma \ref{geo word}  g corresponds to a minimum walk $v_0,w_{i_1},w_{i_2}, \dotsc, w_{i_k} b$ on $S$. Thus, if we know how to solve  Geodesic Problem in $G$, we will be able to solve the minimum walk problem in C in polynomial time which is a contradiction. This proves the $NP$-hardness of the Geodesic Problem in $G$ .
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}
The Bounded Geodesic Length Problem($BGLP$)  is the decision version of the Geodesic Problem. An immediate  consequence of the previous theorem is that  if $BGLP$ for $A$ is in class $NP$ then it is  $NP$-complete for $G$.
\end{remark}

\begin{theorem}
If Geodesic Problem in $A$ is polynomial and $B={\mathbb Z}\times {\mathbb Z}_{k_1}\times \dotsb \times {\mathbb Z}_{k_t}$, then Geodesic Problem in $G=A\wr B$ is polynomial.
 \end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
 A polynomial time algorithm to solve $TSP$ in the Cayley graph of $B={\mathbb Z}\times {\mathbb Z}_{k_1}\times \dotsb \times  {\mathbb Z}_{k_t}$ with the degree of the polynomial equal to $k_1\dotsm k_t$ can be constructed as in \cite{Rothe}.  The statement of the theorem follows now from Lemma 3.1.
There exists even better algorithm for TSP in $B$ with the degree of the polynomial independent of $k_1\dotsm k_t$ \cite{Babai}.
\end{proof}

Theorems 2.3 and 2.4 imply the following result that answers an open question from \cite{myasnikov}.

\begin{corollary}
Let $G=A \wr B$ where $A,B$ are finitely generated non-trivial abelian groups. Then the Geodesic Problem is $NP$-hard in $G$ if and only if $B$  contains ${ \mathbb {Z}}^2$.
\end{corollary}

We proved that Geodesic Problem in $G=A \wr B$ is $NP$-hard if $B$ contains ${\mathbb Z}^2$. So trying to get an approximative solution would be natural as the next step. Indeed, for applications a solution that is close to an optimal one
very often is as good as the optimal solution.

{\bf{\em Approximation Algorithm}}.   Let denote by $OPT$ the optimal solution of an minimization problem $P$ . An algorithm $A$ approximates problem $P$ within a factor of $\rho \geq 1$ if  $f (A)/OP T  \leq \rho$, where $f (A)$ is the solution given by $A$ .

{\bf{\em  Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme  }}.  A $PTAS$  or $Polynomial$-$Time$ $Approximation$ $Scheme$ for a problem is a family of polynomial-time algorithms such that for any given constant $c$, there is an algorithm in the family that approximates the problem within a factor of $(1 + 1/c)$. The running time of the algorithm might depend on $c$, but for each fixed c, it is polynomial in the size of the input.

We state the main result of this section in the next theorem.

\begin{theorem}
Assuming that  the Geodesic Problem in A is solvable in polynomial time, there exists a $PTAS$ for the Geodesic Problem in $G$.
\end{theorem}

In order to prove the theorem  we need the following result.

 \begin{proposition}\cite{arora}
 There exists a $PTAS$ for TSP in $R^d$ with $Euclidean$ norm which generalizes to other $L^p$ norms for $p\geq 1$. A randomized version of the algorithm gives an approximation within a factor of $(1+1/c)$ of the optimal tour  in ${\mathcal{O}}(n(logn)^{({\mathcal{O}} (\sqrt(dc) ))^{d-1}}$. If we derandomize the algorithm, we multiply the running time by ${\mathcal{O}}(n^d) .$

  The same is true if instead of a TSP tour we consider a TSP  path \cite{arora1}.
\end{proposition}

The theorem is a consequence of corollary \ref{reduction} and the previous proposition. Let $|S_B|=r$ and $g = a_1^{w_1} \dotsm a_k^{w_k} b$. We need to solve the $Traveling$ $Salesman$ $Problem$ walk in the subgraph of $C$ induced by $\{ v_{0},w_1, \dotsc, w_k, b \}$. we consider $C$ with Manhatan distance. The $ PTAS$ finds a word $g'=a_ {i_1} ^{w_{i_1}}a_ {i_2} ^{w_{i_2}} \dotsm a_ {i_k} ^{w_{i_k}}b$ such that $\sum_{j=1}^{k}d(w_{i_j},w_{i_{j-1}})+ \sum_{j=1}^{k} |a_{i_j}| \leq (1+1/c) l_{S_A, S_B}(g)$,where $l_{S_B ,S_A} (g)$ is the Geodesic Length of $g$ with respect to $S_B$ and $S_A$. If we use a randomized version of the algorithm the total running time is

$${\mathcal{O}}(k(logk)^{({\mathcal{O}} (\sqrt(rc)))^{r-1}} + (\text{time needed to find {\it geodesic words} representing } a_i)$$

\section{Geodesic Problem In Free Metabelian groups}

Let $F=F(X)$ be a free group of rank $r$.  Denote by $F'=[F,F]$ the derived subgroup of $F$ and by $F''=[F',F']$ the second derived subgroup of $F$.  Let $G=F/F'$ and $H=F/F''$. $G$ is a free abelian group of rank $r$ and  $H$ is a free metabelian group of rank $r$.

 In \cite{myasnikov} the authors show that $BGLP$ is $NP$-complete for free metabelian groups of arbitrary rank. Since  $BGLP$  is polytime reducible to the $GLP$, $GLP$ is  $NP$-hard in free metabelian groups. In this section we show that there is a $2$-approximation for the Geodesic Problem in $H$. First, we need to remind some definitions.

 {\bf{\em Flow}}.  Let $\gamma=(V,E)$ be a directed graph with two distinguished verices: a source $s$ and a sink $t$.  A flow on $\gamma$ is a function $f : E \rightarrow  \mathbb{R}$ such that

\begin{equation}
\sum_{e:o(e)=v}f(e)-\sum_{e:t(e)=v} f(e)=0  \hspace{1 cm}  \forall v \in V -\{s,t\}.
\end{equation}

The number $f^*(v):= \sum_{e:o(e)=v}f(e)-\sum_{e:t(e)=v} f(e)$ is called the net flow at $v$. The condition above is the same as $f^*(v)=0$ for $v \neq s,t$ and is usually referred to as { \it Kirchhoff} law. We call a flow $f$ circulation If $f^*(v)=0$  also for $s$ and $t$.  In this discussion we only consider $\mathbb{Z}$-flows, e.i., $f: E \rightarrow { \mathbb {Z}}$

Let $p$ be a path in $\gamma$  from $v_1$ to $v_2$ and let $\pi_p : E \rightarrow { \mathbb {Z}}$ be such that $\pi_p(e)$ is equal to the number of times that $p$ passes through $e$ counted $-1$ when $p$ takes $e$ backward. $\pi_p $ satisfies the flow condition for $v_1$ as source and $v_2$ as sink . Thus, any path in $\gamma$ induces a $\mathbb{Z}$-flow on $\gamma$.

 Let $w \in F$ and let $p_w$ be the path labeled by $w$ in $\gamma$ Cayley graph of $G$ . We denote by $\pi_w$  the flow induced by $p_w$ in $\gamma$.

 Let $\mu' : F(X) \rightarrow H$ be the canonical epimorphism. We identify $X$ with its image under $\mu'$($\mu'$ is one to one on $X$). An expression of $l_X(\mu'(w))$ for an arbitrary word $w \in F$ has been given in  \cite{myasnikov} . Before presenting our result we need to remind the definition of  two problems.

{\bf { \em Minimum Steiner Tree Problem:}}  Given a graph $\gamma=(V,E)$ and a subset $V_1 \subset V$, find a minimum subgraph(subtree) such that covers all vertices in $V_1$.

{\bf { \em Minimum group Stiener Tree Problem:}} Given connected components $C_i$ of $\gamma$, find a minimum subgraph that makes the subgraph $\cup C_i$ connected.

Let  $w \in F$ and $\pi_w$ be the flow induced by $w$ in $\gamma$.  We define $supp(\pi_w)=\{e \in E | \pi(e)\neq 0\}$. A minimum Group  Steiner  Tree for $w$ is a minimal Group Steiner  Tree for the connected components of the subgraph induced by $supp(\pi_w)$ in $\gamma$.

\begin{proposition}
 \cite{myasnikov}  Let $\gamma$ be the cayley graph of $G$ with respect to the set of generators $X$. then for $w \in F$ we have

\begin{equation} \label{geo}
 l_X(\mu'(w))= \sum_{e \in  \text{supp}(\pi_w)} \pi_w(e)+2|E(Q)|,
\end{equation}

where  $\pi_w$  is the path induced by $w$ in $\gamma$ and $Q$ is a minimum group steiner tree for $w$ in $\gamma$.
\end{proposition}

In the expression for $l_X(\mu'(w))$ we can evaluate $\sum_{e \in  \text{supp}(p_w)} \pi_w(e)$ in polynomial time. The time-consuming part is finding $Q$.  Unfortunately, there has been no $PTAS$ known so far for the $Group$ $Steiner$ $Tree $ problem. Nevertheless, in the same paper a similar statement to the $PTAS$ result for $Euclidean$ $Traveling$ $Salesman$ $Problem$ is proved for $Minimum$ $Steiner$ $Tree$ $Problem$.

 \begin{proposition}
 \cite{arora} There exists a $PTAS$ for the Euclidean Minimum Steiner Tree in $R^d$ which generalizes to other $L^p$ norms for $p\geq 1$. A randomized version of the algorithm gives an approximation within a factor of $(1+1/  c)$ of the optimal tree in  ${\mathcal{O}}(n(logn)^{({\mathcal{O}} (\sqrt(dc) ))^{d-1}}$. If we derandomize the algorithm, we multiply the running time by ${\mathcal{O}}(n^d) $.
\end{proposition}

\begin{theorem}
There is a $2$-approximation algorithm for the Geodesic Problem in the free metabelian group of arbitrary rank $r$.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
Let $C_i$ be the connected components of the subgraph induced by $supp(\pi_w)$ in $\gamma$.  We choose an arbitrary point  $y_i$ in each  $C_i$.  Let $Q_1$ be the $(1+1/c)$-approximation of the Minimum Steiner Tree Problem for $\{ y_i \}$. So $ |Q_1|/(1+1/c)$ is the optimal value for this problem.   We denote by $Q^*$ the optimal solution for the Minimum Group Steiner Tree on $C_i$.  $Q^*  \bigcup (\cup C_i) $ is a connected subgraph of $\gamma$ containing $\{ y_i \}$(see Fig. \ref{fig} ). Thus

\begin{equation}
\frac{|Q_1|}{(1+1/c)}  \leq |Q^*  \bigcup (\cup C_i)| = |Q^*| + \sum |C_i|.
\end{equation}

So

\begin{equation}
|Q_1|-|Q^*| \leq 1/c |Q^*|+(1+1/c)\sum |C_i|.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[ph]
\centerline{\psfig{file=Image1.eps,width=4.5in}}
\vspace*{8pt}
\caption{\label{fig}}
\end{figure}

If we use $Q_1$ instead of $Q^*$ in formula \ref{geo}, we get an approximation $l'(w)$ for $l(w)$ such that

\begin{align}
   \nonumber  \frac{l'(w)-l(w)}{l(w)} & = \frac{(\sum_{e \in \text{ supp}(\pi_w) } \pi_w(e)+2|Q_1|)-(\sum_{e \in \text{ supp}(\pi_w) } \pi_w(e)+2|Q^*|)}{\sum_{e \in \text{ supp}(\pi_w) } \pi_w(e)+2|Q^*|)} \\
    \nonumber                                     &=\frac{2(|Q_1|-|Q^*|)}{\sum_{i } |C_i|+2|Q^*|)}\\
                                                             & \leq  \frac{2(1/c |Q^*|+(1+1/c)\sum |C_i|)}{\sum_{i } |C_i|+2|Q^*|)}.
\end{align}

If we choose $c$ such that $1/c < \frac{1}{\sum |C_i|)}$, then

\begin{align}
    \nonumber  1/c |Q^*|+ 1/c \sum |C_i| & < 1/c |Q^*|+1  \\
                                                                     &\leq 2 |Q^*|.
\end{align}

 The last inequality is satisfied since $ |Q^*| > 0$, otherwise there is nothing to prove. This implies

\begin{equation}
 \frac{1/c |Q^*|+(1+1/c)\sum |C_i|}{\sum_{i } |C_i|+2|Q^*|)} <1.
 \end{equation}

 So

\begin{align}
   \nonumber  \frac{l'(w)-l(w)}{l(w)} & \leq  \frac{2(1/c |Q^*|+(1+1/c)\sum |C_i|)}{\sum_{i } |C_i|+2|Q^*|)}\\
                                                             &  < 2.
\end{align}

which proves that $l'(w)$ is a $2$-approximation of $l(w)$.

\end{proof}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Japanese destroyers truly made their mark during the war in the Pacific. Fast, heavily armed and manned by well-trained crews, they took part in some of the most memorable surface and air-sea battles of the Pacific War, but also in hundreds of lesser known actions. Those workhorses of the Imperial Navy were employed in a wide variety of roles – from direct action against enemy fleet to escort duties and even pure transport tasks. Commander Hara Tameichi rightly observes that it was the destroyers that bore the brunt of the fighting at sea, and very few among them were as good as the Kagero class warships.
Origins of the Kagero class
The Washington Treaty of 1922 seriously curtailed Japanese fleet expansion plans. In the eyes of the Japanese commanders the restrictions placed on the development of battleships and heavy cruisers, as well as the parities in numbers of capital ships in service with major naval powers were unfair and put their country at a disadvantage compared to Britain or the United States. They therefore began to look for alternative ways to offset the U.S. lead in the construction of battleships, which the Japanese admiralty considered to be the key factor in naval warfare. Being unable to match the numbers of American capital warships (due in no small part to a huge gap between the two countries' industrial potentials) the Japanese looked for other ways to keep up with the U.S. and to secure eventual victory in the "decisive battle", since they firmly believed that the war with the United States will be won or lost in one massive confrontation of the two fleets with the battleships playing the leading role. Any and all ideas that could potentially erode the U.S. advantage were therefore welcomed by the Japanese admiralty. One of them was the development of a force of light warships, including the destroyers.
Believing that heavily armed, long-range destroyers would make a formidable weapon against the U.S. Navy, the Japanese admiralty quickly gave a green light to the construction of this class of warships and pressed on with the development of offensive weapons and intensive crew training (including workups in night-time tactics and torpedo attacks). One of the results of that effort was the development of the superb and deadly "Long Lance" torpedo.
The turning point in the development of Japanese light warships was the introduction of the Fubuki class destroyers. In the late 1920s no other ship of that type could match the Fubuki's offensive punch. They were the quintessential offensive weapons and solid platforms for heavy torpedo armament, manned by crews well-versed in night attack tactics. But they did have weak spots. The topside weight of their powerful armament made them rather unstable and they did not fare too well in adverse weather conditions. During exercises in 1935 several Fubuki class destroyers sustained serious structural damage after an encounter with a heavy storm. The quest for an ideal destroyer was therefore not over. The designs that followed Fubuki (Hatsuharu, Shiratsuyu and Asashio class) were not problem-free either: there were issues with their stability and propulsion systems. However, the next generation of destroyers would prove to be a fully mature design: the Kagero class warships incorporated all of their predecessors' advantages and none of the shortcomings.
As early as 1935 the Imperial Japanese Navy made plans for the construction of at least six Destroyers Type A, which were subsequently revised to include 15 units. By the time the 3rd Naval Armaments Supplement Program was approved by the Diet in 1937 the number of Type A vessels to be built grew to eighteen. When the lead ship of the Kagero class was laid down in September 1937 the Japanese believed they had at last found a perfect combination of firepower, speed and range to gain a critical edge in the fight against the U.S. Navy. There is little doubt that the Kagero class destroyers did live up to the expectations of the Japanese naval commanders.
Characteristics of the Kagero class
The Kagero class destroyers were big, fast and heavily armed (key technical specifications are summarized in Table 1). The destroyer's hull design incorporated the lessons learned from the construction of Kagero's predecessors, which eliminated many of the shortcomings of the Fubuki class warships. The hull featured a double bottom design (with some of the space used as fuel tanks) and was divided into 19 watertight compartments, which improved the ship's survivability. Kagero had all the characteristic features of contemporary Japanese destroyer designs: slender lines, 127 mm main guns mounted in a single forward and two aft turrets, relatively small superstructure, two smoke stacks and a raised forecastle running along one third of the ship's length. The destroyer's designers were ever mindful of the Fubuki's Achilles' heel and went to great lengths to ensure the Kageros were stable and robust. Welding was widely used in the construction of the ship, which significantly reduced her overall weight. Smaller, lighter superstructure (made of duralumin) provided for improved stability as did the relatively low-placed center of gravity.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You are here: Home / Business / Harkin says give low income Americans money for new cars
Harkin says give low income Americans money for new cars
Reports say General Motors plans to temporarily close most of its American factories for up to nine weeks this summer as the automaker struggles to overcome slow sales and financial troubles. In a conference call with reporters this morning,
Iowa Senator Tom Harkin referred to the move as a "summer vacation" for G-M workers but quickly changed his tone. "I just think that this illustrates the dire straights our automobile manufacturing industry is in this country," Harkin says. "I still believe one of the best things we can do is to provide a demand pull. We've got all these cars sitting out there but no one's buying them."
Harkin, a Democrat, says he'd support a program in which low-income Americans were given the money to buy new vehicles. He calls it Cash for Clunkers and suggests it would be a way to get gas-guzzling, air-polluting old vehicles off the roads.
"Low-income Americans mostly are the ones who are driving those cars," Harkin says. "They can't afford to buy a new car. They can't afford to get the credit. Even if they could come up with a small down payment, they can't get the credit to buy a new car. And then you provide the demand pull. You get a couple million new cars off the inventory list. This might stimulate G-M to start and run its plants more this summer."
He says a similar program was successful in Germany.
Filed Under: Business, Politics / Govt Tagged With: Democratic Party, Tom Harkin, Travel


text:
HomePeopleWho is Tracy Tutor's Sister, Kristin Tutor-Eberts?
Who is Tracy Tutor's Sister, Kristin Tutor-Eberts?
CheChe People 0
Who is Tracy Tutor?
Tracy Tutor's Sister, Kristin Tutor-Eberts; who is She?
Who is Kristin Tutor-Eberts' Husband?
Tracy Tutor is an American actress, author, real estate agent and reality television personality born on August 11, 1975. She is a main cast member on the real estate reality television program, Million Dollar Listing Los Angeles, appearing in that capacity since its tenth season in 2017. Tracy began her career as an actress, appearing in the late 1990s films Exposé and No Vacancy. In 2020, Tutor released her book Fear Is Just a Four-Letter Word: How to Develop the Unstoppable Confidence to Own Any Room, which was listed by the Wall Street Journal as a bestseller. In the early 2020's, Tutor co-founded UN'SWEET zero wine, a sugar-free wine company
Kristin Tutor-Eberts is an interior designer by profession. She is the director of Eberts Concept Mentor.
She graduated from Southern California University. Initially, she worked in stage design as a production assistant in films like Spartan and The Entire Ten Yards.
In 2006, she began her clothing store business and later moved to build her career as an interior designer and real estate agent.
She has followed the footsteps of her family who has a long history of doing business. Her father Ronald N. Tutor is a civil and building contractor in the United States who has passed down the skills to his daughter as well. She also previously run a clothing store.
Besides being an interior designer, she is also a top-notch real estate agent who also featured in Million Dollars Listing Show Los Angeles.
Christopher Eberts, a film director family is the husband of Kristin Tutor-Eberts. He is known for his works in movies like Lucky Number, Slevin, Balck Water Transit Lord of Battle, and more.
He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He graduated with a BA degree in English, Film, and Communication from McGill University.
Before beginning his career in the film and television industry, he worked in the Merchant Banking Division of Salomon Brothers in New York City for four years.
Tracy Tutor, the sister of Kristin Tutor-Eberts was previously married to Jason Maltas for 13 years and shares two daughters with him. They lived in Brentwood, Los Angeles. In February 2018, Tutor filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences". Maltas "initially made appearances on the Million Dollar Listing franchise, but they were short-lived because the couple was already struggling". Tracy later confessed during the eleventh season of Million Dollar Listing premier that the hardest part of the divorce was not getting enough time with her kids. Her sister and sister-in-law are both interior designers, and her former husband is a residential contractor. As of 2022, she is in a relationship with celebrity personal trainer, Erik Anderson, who alongside Tutor, have been recognised by multiple media outlets for their fitness attributes throughout the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic
The Asher House Girlfriend, who is She?
Who Is Donte Philip Spector? Age, Parents, Siblings, Wife, Children And Net Worth


text:
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There is a large parking lot in front of the restaurant that serves other businesses in Lamp & Lantern Village as well.
We are proud to offer many celebration packages to enhance your special evening, including roses and balloons.
Located close to Chesterfield Mall just 2 miles from I-64, The Melting Pot is an elegant, yet approachable addition to Chesterfield's food scene. In our relaxed, welcoming setting, families feel at home and long-lost friends have the opportunity they need to reconnect. Our crave-able menu selections will leave you begging for more, whether you choose 1, 2, 3, or 4 courses. Dip artisan breads into bubbling cheese. Enjoy handmade salad dressings on crisp greens. Cook tender strips of steak or pieces of shrimp with your cooking style and sauces. End your culinary journey with one of our famous fondue desserts, which include fresh fruits and melted, gooey chocolates. We have a large wine room to display our award wining wines (recipient of the Wine Spectator Restaurant Award for over 12 years). Enhance your special dining experience with one of our celebration packages, including roses, balloons and more. For occasions that matter, we're proud to be your go-to spot.
If you're going to go, get the cheese and chocolate. Skip the actual entrees. They aren't good enough to be worth the money.
Only minus is they sat us at a table next to a crying baby. Somewhat ruined what was supposed to be a double holiday celebration meal.
Well we never got any refills for drinks. We felt like the waitress was rushing us to move through courses. So it wasn't that enjoyable. It used to be a lot better.
overall, it was good, but they forgot about the add on that I added when booking via the app.
We made a reservation expecting a nice quiet and romantic night out. We were placed at a table near the bar and the kitchen. The kitchen/people in the kitchen were extremely loud and interfered with our table conversation. It was disappointing considering what we were expecting. However, the food was very good.
Hostess' were not welcoming at all. Neither one made eye contact besides when asking how she could help. We didn't even get a smile or eye contact when we left.
We felt rushed, two people flew over to our table and looked shocked (for an awkward 10 seconds) that we were still sitting and chatting. The place was empty so it wasn't like they needed to clean up right away, they stared at us awkwardly and took some of our dishes away. Food was delicious as usual, but we will not be going back to this location. Hostess are the first and last part of the "experience" and it was a total mood killer.
Waited a really long time between salad and entree. We watched the broth boil down for 30 mins before we finally asked for our waiter. The manager finally came over to serve the entree. We had to take the dessert to go. I was disappointed, for the price this was a "would never do again." In the waiters defense he was informative and pleasant, just non existent.
I love this place!!!!!! The food is amazing and the service is always great. Nice for a date because it's cozy with dim lighting. Very nice atmosphere.
Always the family's favorite place for a celebration!
High quality food, fun experience. Slow and steady meal - loved it!
Very expensive for what you actually get to eat. The meat was boiled in a broth and then we dipped it in a sauce . Would rather have the meat grilled .
Great food and service. The family night was fun and our kids really enjoyed it.
Great place to go with friends or on a date. The food is great and so much fun to dip.
The Melting Pot is a very unusual and entertaining experience. You start by picking a cheese fondue, that is prepared at the table right in front of you. They had multiple selections that all sounded outstanding and our spinach artichoke was delicious. Then, you get a salad choice (again, several good options). We both chose the pick-4-options entree, and here's where it went from a perfect score down to a very good one. The steak was not the best. We each had a piece that had too much connective tissue to eat the entire bite, and they are already small bites, so they should have trimmed around that piece instead of serving it to us. Dessert was also a fondue, and we chose the custom blend and it was OUTSTANDING. It is expensive for the portion sizes that you get, but the selections are very good and there is plenty of variety. We did choose to add extra berries, and it was rather expensive for the very few berries they added to the selection. Overall very good and we would recommend it to others. It just wasn't a 5 star experience for a few easy to fix reasons. A lovely anniversary dinner.
Excellent! Will be going back soon!!! Had an amazing waiter!
We finally ate dinner there for our 48th anniversary.
Jeff our waiter was excellent in all aspects of the meal.
He explained all tbe options we had with every course.
The food was excellent and interesting.
We enjoyed ourselves tremendously, and we will be back.
Amazing. They never disappoint; I would be there every weekend if I could but I don't have that kind of money!! HA!
Even though I gained 3 pounds, 10/10 enjoyed.
An amazing experience, with outstanding service. Can't wait to go back.
Fun birthday dinner for our daughter!
A fantastic meal. A great dining experience. The food is fantastic the service is excellent. There are menu options for every taste. Parking is free and ample.
We all had a great time! The food was great, the service was good. The table was not ready at our reservation time, so we got out a little later than I thought.
Been here about a half dozen times in less than a year and have never had to wait 30 minutes for a server to show up to the table, after asking who our server was 20 minutes into waiting . Worst service tonight. May not go back for a long time which is sad because I've been a long time fondue goer with every state I've lived in.
What a wonderful experience. What a enjoyable way to be able to socialize and prepare your own food. The evening was just perfect. Everything was delicious , from the cheese fondue, the main course,to the chocolate fondue.Of course the dessert was probably my favorite. I would recommend The Melting Pot to anyone who wants to have a enjoyable evening out with friends or a romantic dinner for two.
Our waiter was amazing!! He clearly had some allergies and wasn't feeling very good but he was still super funny and accommodating to all of our requests. He had it a wonderful experience!
Excellent customer service, beautiful atmosphere and great memories. Our waiter was excellent! It was an experience I won't forget.
Love going to the Melting Pot - always a great evening!
We love the melting pot. It's a little pricey so we don't get to go as often as we'd like but you definitely get your money's worth.
Service and food was tremendous. We were seated right away. Our waiter was tremendous. We were very pampered. I felt as if the waiter read our table very well and became a nice part of the the evening. Everything was great!!
The atmosphere was fun. We had the most wonderful server, Adam! He was very attentive and informative as this was our first time doing a four course meal here!!! He made our anniversary dinner very special! I would love for him to be our server again!!!! Will definitely be coming back!!!! Thank you so much!!!! The food was wonderful as well.
The Melting Pot is a great fun night out with family or friends. The servers are spectacular and readily explain everything that you need to know. There is a good variety of selections. The only thing to keep in mind is that it is somewhat expensive and probably something that you would not do frequently. The basic course includes salad, cheese fondue, meat/seafood fondue and then chocolate fondue. It is essentially a bundled meal. In the end there is too much food so you may want to delete some of the items, like the salad and concentrate on what you really enjoy. Again it is a fun place to go.
I really enjoy the Melting Pot. This last visit the music was a little loud. My guest and I could hardly hear one another unless we were speaking loudly and one of the nice things I have always liked is the quiet ambiance. The food was delicious. The server make excellent suggestions. Will definitely return.
homemade pepper ranch dressing. For our main entree we chose the chicken, steak and pork it was delicious. To finish it off we had the flaming turtle dessert and we couldn't imagine a better choice :-) thanks for a great evening and we will definitely be back.
The food was EXCELLENT, the service spot in.....and our server was so nice and friendly. It was my son's birthday, and he was given chocolate strawberries to take home. How sweet! We've eaten here on several occasions, and you never fail to delight us.
Excellent service. Knowledgeable, courteous staff. I do wish the service was a bit faster. It took longer than it should've.


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Innovation Districts
Creative Clusters
Business Incubators
Startup Competitions
Coding Classes
Navigation - Select Page -	St. Louis	Innovation Districts	Creative Clusters	Business Incubators	Startup Accelerators	Venture Capital	Startup Competitions	Coworking Spaces	Coding Classes
Presented by Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL)
6 WashU faculty-founded startups show velocity for university business creation
Tanya Yatzeck 3 Minute Read
In late 2015, when asked what responsibilities universities have to the startup community, Associate Provost and Associate Vice Chancellor for Innovation and Entrepreneurship at Washington University Dedric Carter said, "I think we have to be good stewards of the fundamental knowledge we find here and be willing to work with people that want to create value from their knowledge."
"We started a quick-start license here, and there's a small handful of universities that have that. Really, it's about lowering the barriers so people can translate the work, take some of the fruits from the large research labors and turn them into practice."
You don't have to look far to find results proving Carter's thesis in WashU faculty-founded startups. As St. Louis' startup scene accelerates, it's more likely than ever that research begun at WashU will evolve into profitable businesses. Here are six businesses founded in the last few years by WashU faculty that are growing, improving the world and finding success.
Fimbrion Therapeutics
Founders: Scott Hultgren, The Helen L Stoever Professor of Molecular Microbiology; Jim Janetka, Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics; Dr. Thomas Hooton of the University of Miami
Fimbrion Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company that aims to treat and prevent Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) using an innovative approach that selectively targets pathogenic bacteria rather than using antibiotics.
On October 25, 2016, Fimbrion announced a joint project with the Discovery Partnerships with Academia (DPAc) team at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), a science-led global healthcare company to develop the small molecule drug, known as a mannoside, to accomplish this goal.
"We are fortunate to be at an institution like Washington University, where the OTM (WashU Office of Technology Management) has been instrumental in negotiating license agreements to help us advance Fimbrion," Dr. Hultgren said.
Applied Particle Technology
Founders: Pratim Biswas, PhD, the Lucy and Stanley Lopata Professor and chair of the Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering; Jiaxi Fang, PhD; Tandeep S. Chadha, PhD (in progress), Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering
Applied Particle Technology is a provider of innovative, cost-effective air treatment and filtration systems. APT received an Arch Grants birth in June 2015 along with $50,000 in capital funding.
Also that year, APT was a finalist in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Clean Energy Competition, and placed second in the WashU Olin Cup competition in 2014, winning a $50,000 opportunity investment for the company.
Applied Particle Technology founders Jiaxi Fang, Tandeep Chadha and Prof. Pratim Biswas
Cellatrix
Founders: Dr. Abdel Kareem Azab, Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology
Cellatrix is a biotechnology company focused on the development of science, research involving both basic and translational approaches and drug development for the ultimate goal of patient care.
"Cutting Edge Science: Personalized Drug Screening for Multiple Myeloma," in the ADC: Review, the Journal of Antibody-drug Conjugates described a new test developed by Cellatrix that helps to predict the best cancer treatments for individuals.
"The new test is unique in many ways. The screening method suggests which commonly prescribed multiple myeloma drug, or combination of drugs, a physician should consider first for a particular patient. In addition to suggesting the optimal drug and drug combination, the novel test also suggests the optimum dosage."
Courier Therapeutics
Founders: Drs. Alexander S. Krupnick, MD and Associate Professor of Surgery and Daved Fremont, Professor of Pathology and Immunology
Courier Therapeutics is developing an immunotherapy technology that revolutionizes cancer therapy. It functions by activating the innate and adaptive immune system, augmenting and dramatically improving current existing immunotherapy protocols. The platform can specifically target the immune systems which activates anticancer immune cells which would otherwise be inaccessible.
Founder: Dr. Nancy Tye-Murray, Professor of Otolaryngology and Brent Spehar, Otolaryngology Research Professor
clEAR is an acronym for "customized learning: Exercise for Aural RehabilitationTM". clEAR, LLC uses games to teach hearing-loss patients to recognize speech and to improve hearing.
In a recent article describing the program in Hearing Review, Tye-Murray wrote, "clEAR has a proprietary recording and editing system that allows the hearing care professional to use a personal computer microphone to record the voice of a patient's frequent communication partner speaking the training stimuli."
Accuronix Therapeutics
Founders: Drs. William Hawkins, Neidorff Family and Robert C. Packman Professor of Surgery and Robert Mach, Britton Chance Professor of Radiology at University of Pennsylvania
With an initial focus on pancreatic cancer, Accuronix Therapeutics develops novel therapies that selectively target cells and deliver cytotoxic payloads, thereby increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity risk for difficult-to-treat types of cancer. Accuronix announced an initial raise of $625,000 in January of 2016, with Biogenerator and the state-funded Missouri Technology Corporation as lead investors.
Dennis Schafer, President and CEO of Accuronix, told EQ in March 2016, "Our mission as a company is to develop new and effective cancer drugs. The technology we're using to do that is a platform technology—it has the potential to be used in a number of drugs."
Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL)
Tanya Yatzeck
Tanya Yatzeck is a freelance writer for EQ STL, the Sam Fox School of Art at Washington University and a variety of entrepreneurial blogs, websites and publications. In 2014 she founded the Olin Business School EMBA Blog where she profiles EMBA students and fellow Alumni. She is also a Program Manager in IT at Enterprise Holdings.
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St. Louis Business Journal December 19, 2020 < 1 Minute Read
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St. Louis Business Journal December 15, 2020 December 15, 2020 < 1 Minute Read
Maybe St. Louis's Next Homegrown Unicorn Will Stay Home
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I just wanted to write and tell you how your books have changed my life. I am a 26 yr old single mom of 2. I love your book the, Automatic Millionaire. I find that it helps to have everything set up automatically. I have direct deposit. I have set up all my bills to be paid automatically. Right now, I have all my bills charged to one credit card every month. I do this because I earn rewards points. These rewards points will be redeemed for gift certificates towards clothing for back to school shopping in August. My bill is always paid in full every month. I have also had my employer set up an automatic deduction every pay period to send money to my savings at my credit union. At my credit union, I have set up about 9 savings accounts. Each one is for something different like: emergency fund, vacation fund, school shopping, summer camp, holiday, car fund, house fund, my personal fund, and birthday fund. I decided on how much I need every year for those goals, and I allocate $25-$50 a month towards each thing. It is empowering. I feel more in control. I plan to buy my first home early 2009. I plan on taking trips with my kids because of my savings. Saving automatic has saved my life. Without it, I probably wouldn\'t have saved at all. I feel better in the midst of these tough economic times. I just want to add that I have been able to save a lot more because I have gone through my budget line by line and cut out all the excessive spending. I pack our lunches everyday and I cook dinner every night. I use gift cards from my rewards points to go to the movies. Life is great.


text:
Cambs Times > News > Traffic & Travel
Station on track for December opening
Updated: 10:49 AM August 31, 2021
Network Rail hopes trains will be able to start calling at the station in Soham from December 2021. - Credit: Network Rail
A key milestone in the development of a new railway station was completed over the bank holiday weekend, connecting it to the wider signalling network.
The completion of signalling work at a new station in Soham is an important milestone in the construction process to allow future train services to call there safely.
From December this year, Greater Anglia's Ipswich to Peterborough service will be able to stop at Soham.
It will mark the first time a timetabled passenger train has called at the town for 56 years.
Funded by the Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Combined Authority (CAPCA), the completion of the station and the arrival of the first passenger train will mark the culmination of a long campaign to reintroduce services for the Soham community.
Mayor of CAPCA, Dr Nik Johnson, said: "This is part of a general move for smarter and greener ways to get around Cambridgeshire.
"It gives Soham people access to more job and leisure opportunities, helping them to leave the car behind and putting Soham squarely on the business and tourism map."
Network Rail, along with their contractor, J Murphy and Sons, has worked diligently to deliver this key milestone despite Covid-19 restrictions.
Together with Greater Anglia, the final stages of the station include completing the station itself, essential track, safety and train testing.
There will also be driver training to ensure everything is ready for services to call at the station.
Greater Anglia Managing Director, Jamie Burles, said: "We are looking forward to adding another station to our network, making it even more convenient for people to catch the train.
"Soham station will be served exclusively by our new trains which have gold standard accessibility and all the mod cons modern rail travellers expect.
"Rail is the most sustainable way of travelling after walking and cycling.
"We're pleased to be making it even easier for more people with the Soham station opening."
Network Rail hopes trains will be able to start calling at the station from December 2021.
To find out more about the construction process, visit Network Rail's website.
Greater Anglia
Soham News
Ely News


The R&S®NRVD performs power, level and voltage measurements from DC to 40 GHz.
The R&S®NRVD performs power, level and voltage measurements from DC to 40 GHz. It operates like two independent R&S®NRVS power meters in one instrument performing simultaneous measurements and exchanging data with each other. The two channels can be set separately so that two completely different measurements can be carried out at the same time. The two measured values can also be related to each other for readout of reflection coefficient, SWR or return loss, for instance.
Measurement results are displayed with selectable resolution on a five-digit LCD with adjustable backlighting. The values measured in the two channels or one measured value plus an additional item of information are displayed.
The NRVD measures pulse-modulated RF signals like the NRVS. Additionally, the modulation depth of amplitude-modulated signals can be determined from the power variation. After entering the source matching, the expected uncertainty for thermocouple power sensors can be displayed.
It supplies a highly accurate, low-distortion 50 MHz signal of 1 mW (0 dBm) power for checking the sensors.
Each measurement channel has an analog output wiht selectable scaling for connection of a recorder or for control purposes. Simple automatic test routines can be implemented with the aid of the trigger input and the ready output. Another input serves for taking up the frequency-proportional DC voltage from a sweep generator for tracking frequency-response correction.


text:
Home » Writers' careers
Writers' careers
John le Carré didn't invent the spy novel – he joined a tradition and made it new again | John le Carré | The Guardian
John le Carré didn't invent the spy novel – he joined a tradition and made it new again | John le Carré | The Guardian website
I can still remember the strange thrill I experienced on first reading The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, John le Carré's third novel, published in 1963, and the one that made his name and brought him lasting international success. Read more
The Talented Ms. Calloway - Los Angeles Review of Books
Thu, 17/12/2020 - 12:08pm — Chris Holifield
The Talented Ms. Calloway - Los Angeles Review of Books website
CAROLINE CALLOWAY'S CAREER so far has been indicative of many publishing trends. With help from her parents, she paid to develop her craft as a writer, studying at NYU and then art history at Cambridge. She started building her online presence by purchasing an initial bank of Instagram followers. Read more
'My ties to England have loosened': John le Carré on Britain, Boris and Brexit | John le Carré | The Guardian
'My ties to England have loosened': John le Carré on Britain, Boris and Brexit | John le Carré | The Guardian website
I have always admired John le Carré. Not always without envy - so many bestsellers! - but in wonderment at the fact that the work of an artist of such high literary accomplishment should have achieved such wide appeal among readers. Read more
John le Carré remembered by writers and friends: 'He always had a naughty twinkle in the eye' | John le Carré | The Guardian
John le Carré remembered by writers and friends: 'He always had a naughty twinkle in the eye' | John le Carré | The Guardian website
Tom Stoppard, playwright Read more
Novelist William Boyd Looks Back to the Past
Novelist William Boyd Looks Back to the Past website
William Boyd was 16 in 1968, the year his new novel, Trio, is set. It was a moment of change and social revolution, but Boyd's impetus to write the novel-which centers on a shoot in Brighton, England, for a fictional film titled Ladder to the Moon-was driven by his teenage recollections of an era that was much less political.
100 years of Agatha Christie: a retrospective on the Queen of Crime - The Boar
100 years of Agatha Christie: a retrospective on the Queen of Crime - The Boar website
2020 hasn't been the greatest year but, if you're a fan of crime fiction, it does come with an important anniversary. In October 1920, the world had the first opportunity to read a murder mystery by a new writer called Agatha Christie. Read more
Our gravest danger
Our gravest danger website
One weekend five years ago my wife and I were invited to dinner by some friends in north London. Let's call them Sam and Nadia. Nadia is originally from Bulgaria. Read more
I Spent Nearly Two Decades Writing and Editing My Book. It Finally Found a Publisher. | Jane Friedman
I Spent Nearly Two Decades Writing and Editing My Book. It Finally Found a Publisher. | Jane Friedman website
When I dipped my bicycle tires into the Atlantic Ocean in Yorktown, Virginia, in early November 2000, my yelp for joy was followed by a lengthy sigh.
At last, I had finished my absolutely-must-do, solo, cross-country trek of 4,250 miles. Completion liberated me to focus solely on conservation and energy articles for newspapers, magazines and online publications. Or, so I thought. Read more
Hilary Mantel on How Writers Learn to Trust Themselves | Literary Hub
Hilary Mantel on How Writers Learn to Trust Themselves | Literary Hub website
Interviews seldom offer the chance to say anything worth hearing, no matter how well-prepared the interviewer. You are invited to rehash your material, saying it again in worse words. "What did you mean when you said....?" etc. Or "Why did you write this book?" It isn't enough to say that you wrote it because it's your job and you thought readers would like it. Read more
Pandemic taking mounting toll on author incomes, SoA survey finds | The Bookseller
Pandemic taking mounting toll on author incomes, SoA survey finds | The Bookseller website
The Society of AuthorsThe British authors' organization, with a membership of over 7,000 writers. Membership is open to those who have had a book published, or who have an offer to publish (without subsidy by the author). Offers individual specialist advice and a range of publications to its members. Has also campaigned successfully on behalf of authors in general for improved terms and established a minimum terms agreement with many publishers. Recently campaigned to get the Public Lending Right fund increased from £5 million to £7 million for the year 2002/2003. Regularly uses input from members to produce comparative surveys of publishers' royalty payment systems. http://www.societyofauthors.org/' third survey of the financial impact of Covid-19 on author incomes has found that the pandemic is taking a rising toll on earnings, with 65% of authors, illustrators and literary translators now saying they have suffered a loss of income, up from 57% when the last survey was conducted in May. Read more
'A book is the only place in which you can examine a fragile thought without breaking it, or explore an explosive idea without fear it will go off in your face… It is one of the few havens remaining where a man's mind can get both provocation and privacy.'
— Edward P Morgan
'The e-book revolution'
Jeanne Fredericks Literary Agency Inc.
Publish your own ebook
Simon & Schuster Is Up for Sale - The New York Times
Breakthrough in libraries campaign
Mylibreto: Spanish Start-up Offers Social Analytics Tool - Publishing Perspectives
Literary Hub Is a New Home for Book Lovers - WSJ
Ebooks outsell paperbacks
UK sales of translated fiction grows by 5% | The Bookseller
First & last pages | Factsheets
Ngram wows them all
On Becoming a (Self) Publisher | Publishing Perspectives
Writers and depression
Bryson Agency Australia Pty Ltd


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Mangled Anthems
Christina Aguilera's been singing the Star Spangled Banner at public functions since she was a kid, but evidently hasn't learned the words yet. She flubbed the fourth line of the national anthem sung at the start of the Super Bowl. Should a singer do something like that to the Indian national anthem, she would have a dozen criminal cases filed against her in far flung courts ruled by attention-seeking magistrates.
We take our national symbols seriously. Three years ago, Sania Mirza was accused of insulting the national flag because she put her bare feet up while resting after a Hopman Cup match, and a photographer clicked a low angle shot that suggested the feet were in close proximity to an Indian flag placed on an adjoining table. This was enough for a criminal charge.
There's a folded khadi flag in a cupboard in our home, which used to be flown during Independence Day and Republic Day in the idealistic days of the 1950s. Somewhere down the line, the government forbade citizens from hoisting flags because of the potential insult to the nation, should they be flown upside down. It took a petition filed by Naveen Jindal and a Supreme Court verdict to reverse the idiotic policy, but those who inadvertently put the green above the saffron can expect to be hauled off to jail.
All of which makes a Borat-like performance impossible in India. I mean, a guy could pretend to sing the Kazakh national anthem to the tune of Jana Gana Mana at a public function, but once the film was released (abroad that is, it would be banned in India) PILs, extradition demands, and death threats would inevitably follow. Luckily there are places where expression is freer, and so we have Sacha Baron Cohen's fabulous mangling of the Star Spangled Banner to laugh at. The horse rearing and falling at the end of the sequence, which can be seen here, is an unexpected bonus. Like the bird flying to the centre of the frame and diving straight down into the water at the end of Barton Fink.
Labels: Cinema, music, politics
Jobs, Zuckerberg and biopics
Investigating vegans
Hitting Refresh
Thin (and flimsy) is in
The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival
What's inhuman?
The Kiran Nadar Museum


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The Queen's Head is a pub at 8 Flamborough Street, Stepney, London E14.

It is a Grade II listed building, built in the late 18th/ early 19th century.

References

External links

Grade II listed pubs in London
Pubs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Grade II listed buildings in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Discern and Learn
Creating joy before and after the holidays
Sara Knuth
How to create joy in the classroom as holiday break approaches
For most Colorado schools, the countdown to holiday break is on. With classrooms filled with students who are ready for break, how can teachers make the most of the time and create joy in the classroom?
Shawna Lyons, a Regis University affiliate faculty member who helped write the University's classroom management course, has tips to help calm students and focus them on classwork — before and after the holidays.
Before holiday break
In the days before the break, Lyons recommends giving students a voice in how they learn.
"Student choice and voice is a big part of the classroom environment," she said. "We're constantly making sure that we surround kids in current learning, but I think them having some choice and voice this time of the year helps with that."
It's also important to remember to stick with the classroom routine, she said.
"When students lose that routine or the rituals they do every day, that's when we see them get antsy or have some behaviors," she said. "They really like to know what's next. My one piece of advice would always be: Don't forget those daily routines are important," especially on days when special events are taking place.
Returning to the classroom
After the holidays, the long stretch of class before spring break might feel daunting. Lyons encourages teachers to think back to the beginning of the school year.
"I always tell teachers that it's important when you're welcoming them back, go back to those relationships that you built with students. Sometimes, those get lost over the break, or you get new students," Lyons said. "That's when those warm-up games and team-building activities are important once again."
Create joy the rest of the school year
Throughout the school year, Lyons recommends that teachers emphasize social and emotional learning.
"Social and emotional learning is a big piece, and I think sometimes it gets pushed aside because we are focused on the standards and the rigor and the testing that goes on at the end of the school year," she said. "Just make sure to not only put aside a part of the day for that social and emotional aspect, but also embed it in the entire day, the entire curriculum. That could look like students doing mindfulness and mindful activities, doing community team-building, taking some time for reflection."
Remember to have fun
"I always tell teachers that it's OK to say, 'Drop everything and have fun,'" Lyons said. "If ... you feel like you're in quicksand, it's OK to say, 'We're going to turn on the music and dance for five minutes. We're doing to play a game for five minutes. We're going to walk outside and do something silly for five minutes' … I'm not saying for a long time. It's OK to take five minutes and drop everything and have fun."
When holiday break arrives, Lyons had one more important recommendation for teachers: Delete the email app on your phone.
"Take your email off your phone during your break, get outside, even if it's cold. Even if it's just a few minutes, get outdoors every day," Lyons said. "Make sure during this break that you take the down time, and continue to take down time when school starts back."
Are you ready to rise to the challenge of acting as an advocate, a resource and an inspiration for students and your colleagues alike? Explore opportunities to lead with a graduate degree in education from Regis University.
Become a Regis Ranger
Moving Forward, Together, In Gratitude
How teachers can collaborate this year
Regis University's Regi explains mascots
The Marketing Degree that Goes Beyond the 4 Ps


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Israel received Kolchuga-M passive radar system from Ukraine
14:52 (GMT+0000) December 30, 2018
Photo by Kerri-Jo Stewart
Israel's company Airsom Ltd. has received Ukrainian-made Kolchuga-M passive radar system, according to ImportGenius website.
According to the import/export tracking website ImportGenius, Israel has received new-generation long-range passive radar complex, called the Kolchuga-M.
The notice by the ImportGenius said that in March 2018, a subsidiary of the State Company "Ukrspetsexport" State Enterprise "Ukroboronservis" sold to the Israeli company Airsom Ltd. (P.O.B. 32307 Tel-Aviv 6132201, 5 Kineret St. Bnei-Brak) passive radar system Kolchuga-M.
The Kolchuga is a passive electronic support measures makes it possible to spot ground and surface targets and trace their movement within a radius of 600 km and air targets at the 10 km altitude – up to 800 km, which makes an effective early warning air defense system.
The notice by the ImportGenius
The Kolchuga station is equipped with five meter-, decimeter-, and centimeter-range aerials, which provide for high radio sensitivity within a 110dB/W – 155 dB/W swath, depending on the frequency.
According to the GlobalSecurity.org, the 800-km detection range has been achieved only by the Ukrainian Kolchuga. The best the U.S. AWACS can do is 600 km, while the ground-based complexes Vera (Czech Republic) and Vega (Russia) can reach out up to 400 km – half what the Ukrainian complex can reach. The Kolchuga's lower limit of the working frequency range is 130MHz and is the lowest of all analogs. For the AWACS it is 2,000 MHz, for the Vera it is 850MHz, for the Vega it is 200MHz.
The Kolchuga mobile passive electronic long-range monitoring radar system could be used during exercises of the Israeli Air Force.
Tags: IsraelUkraine
The U.S. Department of Defense awarded Lockheed Martin a $32.9 million hybrid cost-plus-fixed-fee and firm-fixed-price modification to previously-awarded contract...


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"The Politics of Removal": Dressing Up French Unemployment
by Wolf Richter • Jan 31, 2013 • Comments Off on "The Politics of Removal": Dressing Up French Unemployment • Email to a friend
Ugly unemployment numbers are politically inconvenient in democracies. Red-faced politicians have to come up with excuses, and entire elections can be lost over them. So, every country has implemented inscrutable statistical systems to make unemployment look better, or less disastrous, regardless of what realities on the ground may be.
France, which has one of the most generous (and expensive) unemployment compensation systems in Europe, does that too. But it also has an administrative tool at its disposal: removing tens of thousands of people every month from the unemployment compensation rolls for spurious reasons. There is even a term for it: the "politics of removal."
Like every country, France has a slew of reports that attempt to shed light on, or obfuscate its unemployment fiasco. The two most mediatized: the survey-based report by Insee, which includes the headline unemployment rate; and the report by the unemployment office, Pôle Emplois, which is based on the number of people receiving unemployment compensation. And that raw number is a huge deal in France.
So, when Pôle Emplois released the December numbers on Friday, Labor Minister Michel Sapin—he who let it slip during a radio interview that France was "totally bankrupt"—stepped into the limelight. And patted the government on the back: after 20 consecutive months of sharp deterioration, unemployment had deteriorated again, but only a little bit.
"I can see the sign of an economic activity that isn't as degraded as some say," he mollified his jittery compatriots. And with regards to the economy: "We're not in a collapse," he said confidence-inspiringly. The "cumulative employment policies" undertaken by the government might even lead to a rebound in the second half, he ventured.
Why his morose optimism? Pôle emploi reported that at the end of December, there were 3,132,900 people receiving unemployment compensation in continental France—not counting the overseas departments. A mere 300 more than in November. Not bad, in a year when 284,600 unemployed had been added to the rolls—a 10% jump.
Including the underemployed, the number rose by 10,200 in December to 4,627,000 people. An all-time record. Those unemployed for over three years exceeded the half-million mark. Another all-time record. "This stability is significant," Sapin explained.
Alas, it would have been even worse: the number of people removed from the rolls for administrative reasons had jumped by 25%. It had the effect of beautifying the unemployment situation. The "politics of removal," critics call that practice.
On average, 41,300 people per month were yanked off the list in 2012, and 8,000 were added back to the list the following month. But it wasn't just another new thing that François Hollande's government finagled to put lipstick on a dire situation. In 2007, 50,000 people were removed every month, according to a report that Jean-Louis Walter, the mediator of Pôle Emploi, will present to Sapin on January 31.
It's not just a statistical game: unemployment compensation to these people is also cut. So Walter advocates limiting the abuses of these removals. And he wants to eliminate one category that made up 15% of the removals: failure to show up for an appointment at the unemployment office. "To systematically consider the failure to appear as a refusal to fulfill one's obligations," he said, is exaggerated, in particular for such sporadic and involuntary reasons as someone being "ten minutes late for a meeting."
Part of the problem is that it's difficult to reverse that decision. Once the perpetrator who was "ten minutes late for a meeting" is pulled off the list, he'd have to explain by registered mail why he was late. There are "legitimate" reasons for missing a meeting at the unemployment office, such as a court appearance. But it's the employment office that decides, and the Kafkaesque appeals process is stacked against the applicant. Complaints of abuses have been endless—such as a guy having been pulled off the list though he made it to the meeting, but the counselor didn't!
Walter wants a fairer scale of penalties and a better process. The system should be reformed for pragmatic and human reasons, and people should be removed "only for just cause," he said. But reform would also "address the 'politics of removal' that are used to limit the explosive rise of the unemployed."
If implemented, the reform may lead to higher unemployment numbers that surely will inspire Sapin to come up with even more elegant verbal gyrations to explain them.
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A new bugfix release can be downloaded. This was necessary due to a change of the Youtube API so that version 1.0 was no longer able to download videos. You can grab the new version in the downloads section.


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Icons August 2019
Sir Ben Kingsley: Tender is the Knight
Sir Ben Kingsley's combustible blend of sensitivity and strength makes it impossible to ignore his work. From where does he draw such presence and potency? The answer lies in the darker fringes of human experience.
Kevin Hart has conquered stand-up and comic acting in a vertiginous rise, writes Tom Chamberlin, and now he's ready to take on the kind of serious, dramatic roles that will distinguish him as one of Hollywood's leading men.
Icons February 2019
A Singular Woman: Julianne Moore
Julianne Moore has earned her eminent position in Hollywood, and from there can look down on the cultural landscape – the Time's Up and Me Too movements, and the changing dynamics between men and women. She speaks to Tom Chamberlin.
Icons May 2016
The Forgotten Prince
George, Duke of Kent, was every bit as stylish and even wilder than his more celebrated older brother, Edward VIII. Why is so little attention given to a dapper, mercurial royal figure whose death in a suspicious air crash in 1942 only adds to the mystique?


People do not see opening up about one's mental health problems as taboo; rather they try to help each other.
In recent years, India has witnessed, the growing number of patients, especially in the mental health sector. People do not see opening up about one's mental health problems as taboo; rather they try to help each other.
Dr. Vikram Patel, joint director of London's Center for Global Mental Health and who is also a part of the panel that advises the Indian Health Ministry on mental health-related issues, agrees that perceptions about mental health have changed in India.
The Indian government knows and has increased the budget for mental health awareness in the country.
The government plans to create more shelters and halfway houses for those with mental illness. There is also a serious attempt to ensure that the confidentiality of those suffering from a mental illness is protected at all cost.
Psychiatry is an emerging field in India and anecdotal reports suggest that there are not more than 5,000 psychiatrists in India, which means there is just one psychiatrist for 200,000 to 300,000 people.
Accounting to the number of people dealing with mental health problems and government's attempts to help these people, there is a huge demand for qualified doctors, trained psychiatric social work, clinical psychology, psychological counseling, medicine (including psychiatrists) and psychiatric nurses.
Many celebrities have opened up about their lives, when they had to deal with mental depression and anxiety, on camera. This has in a way helped people to speak out and seek help, instead of dealing alone.
Moreover, in villages and small towns, this was earlier considered as witchcraft or a taboo, people hide it and let the inside demon kill them little by little every day. But today, the government is also trying to create awareness and ways to deal with the issue, and also to help others suffering via movies, advertisements and short films.
Suicide is the second biggest cause of death in India, among those between 15 and 29 years (after road accidents for men and childbearing for women).
Good mental health is an essential ingredient in our well being. In its mental health action plan for Europe, WHO recognized that "Mental health and well-being are fundamental to quality of life, enabling people to experience life as meaningful and to be creative and active citizens.
There is competition in schools to come first in the class, to top the board exams, to get the best college, to get the best job, best life partner, to get the best of everything is what driving people to push their limits and before they can realize their time gets over.
This competition has become more of a parameter to judge a person's character, caliber and stature than the satisfaction it should provide to the person.
The fear of failure is driving people more into mental tension and trauma.
In the long run, some people forget to live their life and simply exist till they are declared dead and their pulse stops supporting them.


Earlier this year the World Jewish Congress and Israel's Permanent Mission to the United Nations hosted more than 2,000 dignitaries, public officials, NGO representatives at the UN headquarters for the second Ambassadors Against BDS summit.
The opening session of the conference was held in the iconic General Assembly Hall of the United Nations.
One of the speakers at the UN conference was comedian Elon Gold, whose performances we have shared with you on Jewish Humor Central.
At this session, after remarks supporting Israel and acknowledging the presence of Natan Sharansky and Israel's permanent representative to the United Nations Danny Danon, Gold launched into a stand-up routine about the unique characteristics of Israeli speech patterns and mannerisms.


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Oakland's first LGBT 'Co-Munity' center opens
OAKLAND, Calif. Amber Lee/KTVU - It's a historic night in Oakland on Thursday. The city's first LGBTQ had its grand opening.
Until now, it was the only major city in the state without one.
The center is located inside a building on Lakeshore Avenue.
The founders say it's much needed to serve a growing population.
The two men who founded the Oakland LGBTQ Community Center call it a beacon of light.
"We're a major city. We should have a major center and now we do," says Joe Hawkins, co-founder of the center.
Hawkins and Jeff Myers, both long time Oakland residents used tens of thousands of dollars of their own money to open this center.
"No one had taken the initiative. It's really that simple. To start something , you have to want it bad enough, you take the initiative . we wanted it bad enough," says Hawkins.
They say after the presidential election, minorities whether it be by race, gender or sexual orientation, experienced a hostile political climate.
The co-founders say this center will offer safety and free services.
"I wanted a place to go to where I feel home, a place I can come to talk to people who understand me in this environment. There's a lot of hate," says Jeff Myers, co-founder of the center.
The men say since last November, hate crimes in California are up by 11 percent.
"The top two categories: African Americans and LGBTQ people. We are the biggest targets of hate," Hawkins.
Members of the LGBTQ community and their supporters came to see the new facility.
Among them was Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf.
She says this center is overdue but timely.
"I invite every Oaklander to come to this center and find out how you can support this community right now
One sponsor donated $10,000 on this night.
The founders say the center will rely on donations. it is staffed with volunteers .
Supporters say the center represents more than gay pride.
"It's not to show we're a different community. It's to show this is part of the community," says Manifair Hwang, a supporter.
The grand opening coincides with Oakland Pride which will be celebrated this Sunday. The center opens its doors to offer services Monday.
Hawkins say when he helped start Oakland Pride in 2009, it was his goal to open a LGBTQ Community Center.
To donate, click here.


Events West Tours & Travel is ready to assist you with all of your San Francisco tour, San Francisco transportation, San Francisco cruises and San Francisco event needs.
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We provide logistical support, destination management and event management services that deliver a memorable and relaxing San Francisco experience.
Be sure to ask us about our incredible dinner cruise on San Francisco Bay, and learn why businesses trust Events West with their crucial event and transportation management!


Great investigative reporting often turns into bad, hard-to-read articles. At best, stories like these are boring; at worst, they are impossible to understand. Sadly, these stories can have little or no impact, meaning months of difficult investigative work is largely wasted.
It's not difficult to figure out if your story is understandable — if your grandmother can't understand it, you have failed. And complex subject matter is no excuse. While writers like to blame readers for not understanding or caring about their work, lack of clarity is always the writer's (and their editor's!) fault. One of the main elements of journalism is to make the important interesting, and the solution is better storytelling. So, tell stories in a way that helps impose order on messy realities and inspires empathy in your readers.


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About INALLIANCE
Newsletter & Annual Report
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Local Agency Resources
Sacramento Regional Transit District
Sacramento Regional Transit District (RT) operates 97 bus routes and 36.87 miles of light rail covering a 418 square-mile service area. RT's entire bus and light rail system is accessible to the disabled community. Also, RT provides a door-to-door transportation service (in accordance with its responsibilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act) for Sacramento area residents who are unable to use fixed-route service.
Paratransit, Inc., is a private nonprofit corporation dedicated to providing transportation services to individuals with disabilities, the elderly, and related agencies throughout the Sacramento County area.
The City of Sacramento Taxi
This link is to http://www.thecityofsacramento.com, a listing of Sacramento area taxi cab companies as you might find them in a phone book. If you need help accessing a taxi cab in Sacramento, please ask your INALLIANCE staff for assistance.
Yuba-Sutter Transit
The Yuba-Sutter Transit offers scheduled local fixed route service from 6:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. weekdays and from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on Saturdays. No service is available on Sundays. Six routes provide service to Yuba City, Marysville, Linda and Olivehurst. Buses operate every 30 to 60 minutes. Convenient timed transfers are available at Yuba College; the North Beale Road Transit Center; the Yuba County Government Center; Alturas and Shasta Streets; and, the Walton Terminal (Sam's Club/Sunsweet).
Dial-A-Ride is Yuba-Sutter Transit's complimentary paratransit service under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Passengers with disabilities that prevent them from using Yuba-Sutter Transit's urban fixed route bus system may apply for ADA status to receive priority service on Dial-A-Ride.
Dial-A-Ride offers curb-to-curb shared ride service to eligible passengers anywhere within the cities of Yuba, Marysville, Linda and Olivehurst. This service is available from 6:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. on weekdays and from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on Saturdays. No service is provided on Sundays.
Yuba-Sutter Cab Service
The Yuba-Sutter area hosts a number of cab companies. For a full listing, please visit http://www.visityubasutter.com and click on the transportation link. For further assistance in accessing cab service in the Yuba-Sutter area, contact your INALLIANCE staff.
People First of California, Inc.
It is the mission of People First of California, Inc. to help start, inform and support local chapters so that we, and all people with developmental disabilities are able to speak for ourselves, know our rights and responsibilities, and are respected, valued members of our communities.
Alta California Regional Center
Alta California Regional Center creates, and maintains partnerships to support all persons with developmental disabilities, children at risk, and their families in choosing services and supports through individual lifelong planning to achieve satisfying lifestyles in their own communities.
Access Leisure – Programs for Persons with Disabilities
The City of Sacramento, Access Leisure, offers a variety of adapted sports programs such as wheelchair basketball, wheelchair softball, power soccer, Access Aquatics and even a cheerleading team. They also offer information on where you can participate in wheelchair tennis, adapted waterskiing, white water rafting, dance, drama, the arts, adapted downhill or cross country snow skiing, and adapted weight training for adults.
Disabled Sports USA
DS/USA now offers nationwide sports rehabilitation programs to anyone with a permanent disability. Activities include winter skiing, water sports, summer and winter competitions, fitness and special sports events. Participants include those with visual impairments, amputations, spinal cord injury, dwarfism, multiple sclerosis, head injury, cerebral palsy, and other neuromuscular and orthopedic conditions.
Your donations can make a world of difference in the life of the people we serve.
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Another buyout-boom deal is facing new pressures.
Cengage Learning, the educational publisher bought in a 2007 buyout for over $7 billion, is attempting to hire restructuring advisers, WSJ is reporting.
The textbook publisher then known as Thomson Learning was bought by Apax for $7.75 billion from Thomson Reuters, a price that was $2 billion above what some had expected the unit would bring in.


I am still surprised to learn that even some of my closest fellow netaudio enthusiasts never heard the name of Hanne Adam or her musical solo project 'adamned.age'. To me, Hanne is one of the most important and creative figures of an ever evolving scene, that still hasn't reached it's limits – and so hasn't Hanne. When I first discovered her music, I was attracted by the fine sound design art that runs through all of her works. While cold at first glance, all her compositions are never repellent, in fact they contain a common hypnotic element that opens the door to deeper and deeper explorations that will never let you go again. Like every great composer Hanne is an extremely fine observer, an attribute she also lives out in her work as a photographer.
Together with her 'partner in crime' Tanja Dovens, better known as 'Die Minimalistin' to some lovers of fascinating drones and soundscapes, she is a part of Berlin's 'Urban Exploration' scene, where she haunts in abandoned places in the eastern part of the city, which by now haven't been found by investors or carpetbaggers to turn those pearls into money making appartments or expensive spas for the upper class of Germany's lavish reborn capital. The pictures Hanne takes as well as the feelings she carries home convert to sounds, melodies and compositions that give these places an everlasting memorial far beyond the mere photographic moment.
But there is another driving, darker force behind Hannes Adam's music and her often abstact and bleak sound design: Pain, whether physical or emotional, has been a constant companion on her path through life and art. "Music sometimes was the only language that gave that pain a voice, the only thing that literally kept me in this life", she confessed during a conversation we had in November 2009. It is in these precious moments of composing, of feeling that special occasion when a very private emotion transforms into a sound, when Hanne enters into a world without constant struggle and forgets about the defeats she suffers against enemies she can't win against in her real life. It might be considered a sweet irony of her life that it is this pain, that actually leads her to her highest artistical summits. And her wise smile showed me she knows about this antagonism very well.
It is my pleasure to witness one of the most precious jewels of today's netaudio scene coming together with one of the most caring netlabels around for the best release adamned.age had so far. Enjoy every sound, beat and emotion this musical giant has for you.


have you assigned correctly the unit in Automation Builder during configuration of your HW ?
If with the connection of pin 18 to gnd the error led goes off on the AI563, the HW part of the cabling seems to be in place. Now you have to reset the error in Automation Builder by logging in the CPU and clear all alarm.
Ok thank you so much.,,.!!! Really you save me with my analog module,, thanks for your time.,.,!!!
The sms fw is in the plc, Is save update the fw? Because the sms is visible only when put LOGIN to search the errors sms in tne plc.,, there are problems with my plc if decided not update de fw,?