This way of thinking is, nevertheless, discredited by the lives, noble characters and achievements of the Prophets 'alayhimus salām. The character and conduct of the Prophets of Allāh 'alayhimus salām make it quite clear that the secret of their victory and weapons with which they successfully fought their enemies were faith and obedience to Allāh ta'ālā.
I have been sent to bring the good morals to perfection.
Allāh ta'ālā had assembled all the excellencies and virtues of character and habits in the Prophet sallallāhu 'alayhi wasallam.
Allāh ta'ālā says: "O Prophet! We have surely sent you a witness, a bringer of good tidings, a warner and a protector for the Ummīs. You are my chosen servant and messenger. I have named you the 'Trusting', (since you trust Me in every matter). You are neither rough mannered, nor hard-hearted, nor do you uproar in the market place. You never requite evil for evil, but you forgive and overlook. Allāh will not give you death till He has brought the astray ummah on the right path through you and has given light to blind eyes of the unbelievers; and has opened their deaf ears and closed hearts."
Heraclius said, 'Does he break his promises?' I replied, 'No. We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.' I could not find an opportunity to say anything against him except that.
Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following. 'I asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact all the Messengers come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. I questioned you whether anyone else amongst you has claimed such a thing, and your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following the previous man's statement.
Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. I further asked whether this man was ever accused of telling lies before he said what he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allāh. I, then asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor who followed him. And in fact all the Apostles have been followed by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was anybody, who after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them completely. I asked whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the negative and likewise the Apostles never betray.
The noble and graceful character of Rasūlullāh sallallāhu 'alayhi wasallam is in total conformity to all the natural needs of man. His perfect human nature, sublimity of character, long suffering and forgiveness, magnanimity and grace, valour, benevolence, trust in Allāh ta'ālā, modesty, honesty, humility, purity of heart, self denial and forbearance, devotion and piety, fear of Allāh ta'ālā, mercy, compassion and generosity in all he is a perfect and beautiful example and a complete code of life for all.
For rulers and heads of states, the life of the Chief and King of the Arabs holds a perfect example. For the poverty stricken, the life of the one in whose house the fire was not lit for two months holds an example. For the warriors and conquerors, the life of the Warrior of Badr and the Conqueror of Makkah holds a beautiful example, who forgave even his bitterest enemies. For those who have turned their backs on this world, the life of the Lone worshipper in the solitude of the cave of Hira is an example. For the labourers the one who laboured strenuously in the digging of the trench before the Battle of Khandaq is an example. The orphans can find solace if they look at the Orphan of Āminah. The businessmen may inculcate honesty and piety within them, by looking at the life of the one who handled business in Syria. For the imām and judges, the great Imām and Judge of Masjidun Nabawi, who pronounced justice, without distinguishing between strong and weak is a worthwhile lesson.
In a nutshell, there remains no facet of the life which has not been covered by the noble life of Rasūlullah sallallāhu 'alayhi wasallam and in which there is not a beautiful example to follow.
We must all study this great life which is a beacon light for every human, and imitate this greatest personality in every mode of our lives. May Allāh ta'ālā enlighten our hearts with the love of His Rasūl sallallāhu 'alayhi wasallam. Āmīn.


90 percent of the 76 hectares of land owned by the Natori City Agricultural Corporation was damaged by the March 2012 tsunami. Immediately following the earthquake came huge waves of mud that engulfed the land, turning once cultivated fields into piles of rubble and debri. The 'Koutani' (ploughed valley) became a 'wasteland'. It was a period of great hardship and we had just begun to agonize over ways the land could be restored to its former condition when in May of the same year, (legwear maker) Tabio Corporation asked us if we would be interested in planting cotton. The suggestion was based on the hope that cotton could be planted despite the heavy salination of the land. Because we are a corporation and have employees, we needed to consider whether there was a sound financial basis for this. But on the other hand it was agricultural land that couldn't be used for anything so we decided it was best for us to act and do something. Planting cotton meant that we had to begin by removing all the rubble and debri and then turning the land. Getting the land back to a state where it could be used again was the first step so before money and profits, we just gave it a go.
Initially we talked about just using a small piece of land to try it out. It all had to be done by hand and it was our first time so it was a bit of an experiment. We sowed seeds on just one field. After a month we were able to confirm that the seeds had all sprouted and were thriving so we began cultivating a total area of 40 acres.
The idea was proposed to us, we took it up, and we had carried out the initial steps, but I didn't really get enthusiastic until I saw all those green shoots sprouting up out of what had been a wasteland. If we were going to do it properly we had to push forward with a proactive mindset or we wouldn't get the results we wanted. We needed to take ownership of it, establish it as a business objective, apply governance, and take control. From then on, we grabbed the bull by the horns and took cotton on with full commitment.
A farmer's biggest joy is harvesting his crops. The harvesting of cotton begins after the cotton has blossomed and the cotton balls have opened. The harvested cotton is so warm and as white as snow. I was a victim of the disaster and somehow seeing this cotton made me very emotional. Around these fields there were people that lost their lives in the tsunami and thinking about that brings me to tears.
The catastrophic nature of the March 11 disaster will never be forgotten and it is our hope that the cotton we produce here honors the lives of those lost in the tragedy. In some places people have planted cherry blossom and other trees in memory of lives lost. For me, the growing of this cotton carries the same emotion.
Now in our second year, we consulted our staff and decided to expand the cultivated area to 1 hectares, an amount that is manageable and for which we can still take full responsibility. At any rate, not getting results would be showing a discourtesy to both the project and the cotton itself. We are therefore reviewing our last year and making changes to areas that need improvement.
A year after the tragedy 70 percent of the farmland has been restored. Thanks to everyone's hard efforts we were able to plant rice for the first time in two years. We are a rice-producing agricultural community and being able to plant rice gave us a sense of contentment and peace of mind. Last year, at a time when we just needed to get going and get the land back to a useable state, cotton gave us courage; gave us the motivation to keep going. Without hard work the land would have remained a wasteland. We needed to accept what had happened and figure out how to move forwards. The people that could needed to work, needed to stay positive, and motivate each other. Considering what we've been through we're a pretty energetic bunch (laughs). You never know, maybe the cotton gave us this energy. Either way the cotton project has led to interaction with an array of people and endowed upon us a fortune that can only be felt and not seen.


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Yangtze River
The Yangtze River is the world's third longest river after the Nile and Amazon Rivers. With a length of 6,300 km, the Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the People's Republic of China. It is also considered the longest river to exclusively flow within the borders of a single nation. The Yangtze River Basin extends for about 3,200km (west to east) and over 1,000km (north to south) and drains an area of about 1,808,500 sq. km, which accounts for about one-fifth of the land area of China. The Yangtze is considered the world's 6th largest river by discharge having an average discharge volume of 30,166 m3/s. The Yangtze River Basin provides support to approximately one-third of the population of the People's Republic of China.
Origin of Name
The lower 2,884km course of the river from the city of Yibin to its mouth at Shanghai is named "Chang Jiang" which means "Long River". The 2,308km stretch of the river from Yibin to its confluence with Batang River is named "Jinsha Jiang" which means "Gold Sands River". The 813km stretch of the river from Yushu to its confluence with Dangpu River is named as "Tongtian River", while the official headstream of the river is named as "Tuotuo River". During 1800, the English cartographers named the entire river "Yangtze" which means the "child of the ocean".
The Yangtze River
The Yangtze River originates from the Jari Hill, in the Tanggula Mountain range in the central portion of the Tibetan Plateau and stands at an elevation of 5,170m. The discovery of the source of the Yangtze River is quite recent, having only been discovered in the late 20th century. The Yangtze River flows through 11 Chinese provinces including Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai. The entire course of the Yangtze River is divided into three parts: the Upper Course, the Middle Course, and the Lower Course.
In the Upper Course, the Yangtze flows across the Tibetan Plateau and descends through deep valleys in the mountains, located to the east of the plateau. The 2nd source of the Yangtze is the Ulan Moron River, which originates from the snowmelt waters on the slopes of the Tanggula Mountain in the southern part of the Province of Qinghai. From the joining of this stream along with several others, the Yangtze River then flows in the eastward direction through a large valley. On reaching the eastern parts of the Tibetan Highlands, the character of the river changes sharply. At this point, the river's stretch is referred to as Jinsha, where it descends from a high elevation by winding its course to the south of the Bayan Har Mountains and forming a narrow valley. The Yangtze River continues to move in a southeasterly direction through very steep passes. In this region, the Yangtze River flows side by side with two other great rivers – the Mekong and the Salween Rivers.
In the Middle Course, the Yangtze River flows for about 1,010km between the Yibin city in the eastern part of the hilly Sichuan Province and the Yichang city in the western part of the Hubei Province. In this course, the elevation of the river drops from more than 5,000m to less than 1,000m. After entering the Sichuan Basin, the river flows through Mount Wushan thereby creating the spectacular Three Gorges region.
Qutang Gorge, one of the Three Gorges along the Yangtze River.
In the Lower Course, after exiting from the Three Gorges region, the Yangtze River then enters a network of lakes, marshes, and river channels that have developed on the extensive lowland plains. The largest of these lakes is Dongting Lake, which is situated on the boundary between the Hubei and Hunan Provinces. China's biggest freshwater lake – Lake Poyang merges with the river at the northern edge of the Jiangxi Province. The Yangtze River then flows through the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu, where it receives inflows from several small lakes and rivers. The Yangtze River finally drains into the East China Sea near the city of Shanghai.
Located at the heart of the Jiangnan region, the Yangtze River Delta covers an area of about 100,000 sq. km. The fertile delta region supports more than 115 million people and helps in the cultivation of cotton, grains, tea, hemp, etc. It is estimated that the Yangtze River Delta region generates more than 20% of the GDP of the People's Republic of China.
Tributaries of the Yangtze River
The First Bend of the Yangtze River.
Throughout its course, the Yangtze River is fed by more than 700 tributaries. Of all these tributaries, there are 8 tributaries, which are considered the largest of all the tributaries of the Yangzte River. These 8 tributaries are further divided into the left and right tributaries. The left tributaries of the Yangtze River include the Yalong River, Min River, Jialing River, and the Han River. The right tributaries of the Yangtze River include Wu River, Yuan River, Xiang River, and the Gan River.
Characteristics of the Yangtze River
The areas that are situated to the north of the river face a dry climate with lower temperatures and less rainfall. The areas that are situated to the south of the river experiences a warm and humid climate with adequate rainfall. The average annual rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin is about 1,100mm. In the middle and lower courses of the river, most of the precipitation falls as rain, while in the higher upper reaches, the precipitation falls as snow.
Luxury cruise ships sailing on the Yangtze River.
The Yangtze River floods every year during the summer months, but the waters of the rivers are kept in check by the numerous dykes, that have been constructed to contain the waters of the river. The river is so wide that the ocean-going vessels can travel up to 1,600km inland without any navigation obstacles. The entire river is flanked by several important industrial units, which play an important role in the economic growth of the river valley. The Yangtze River functions as one of the major navigable rivers of China and also one of the busiest waterways in the world.
Finless porpoise in the Yangtze River.
The Yangtze River is considered to be one of Asia's as well as China's most species-rich rivers. More than 416 species of fish have been recorded from the Yangtze River Basin, of which 362 species are exclusively freshwater species. About 178 fish species are endemic to the Yangtze River basin. Besides fishes, the Yangtze River is also home to the Yangtze River dolphin, the narrow-ridged finless porpoise, Chinese alligator, Chinese giant salamander, Yangtze giant softshell turtle, etc. Numerous freshwater crabs including the Chinese mitten crab have been recorded in the Yangtze River basin.
The Yangtze River plays an important role in the cultural origins of southern China and Japan. Human activities were first started in the Three Gorges area about 27,000 years ago. During the 5th millennium BC, the Yangtze River served as a major population center of the Majiabang and Hemudu cultures. The middle Yangtze valley served as home to the people belonging to the Neolithic cultures. The lower Yangtze region was occupied by the Gouwu and Jiangsu tribes. The Yangtze served as the site of naval battles during the Jin-Song wars. The naval Battle of Tangdao also took place in the Yangtze River. For several years, the Yangtze River functioned as the backbone of the inland water transport system of China.
Diptarka Ghosh July 7 2021 in Bodies of Water

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are tons of different "meat of the month" style clubs out there. However, Carnivore Club has managed to stay at the top when it comes to sending artisanal meats.
Snack Box: A smaller version of their popular box that's packed with four to six different meat snacks (e.g. jerky and biltong).
Classic Box: The most popular Carnivore Club box that includes four to six premium handcrafted cured meats (e.g. salamis, prosciuttos and bacon).
With both of these boxes, you have the option to have them delivered every month, every two months, every three months, or even just once to try it out.
We've scoured the web to bring you the highest saving coupon codes around. All You need to do to activate them is click and input them in the "coupon" section as you're checking out.
These codes may be deactivated at any time so act quick! If any do not work for you, please let us know in the comments below and we will update them as quickly as we can.
If you like meat, you're going to love Carnivore Club. When we reviewed their Classic Box, I was pleasantly surprised to find out how much I liked it. I'm not a huge meat eater but I really enjoyed the quality of their meats. They paired well with red wine!
Maybe you're not looking to buy Carnivore Club for yourself and you'd rather gift it to someone else. In that case, I'd say it's a great idea. Grillers, hunters, and meat lovers of all kind will appreciate the variety of quality meats. Remember, these aren't "grocery store" meats, they're artisanal so you're really not going to find them elsewhere.
Have a question about Carnivore Club? Leave a comment below and we'll answer it as soon as we can!


BONN, GERMANY - Media OutReach - 2 October, 2018 - DHL eCommerce, a division of the world's leading logistics company Deutsche Post DHL Group (DPDHL), announced today a strategic alliance with ChannelAdvisor, a leading provider of cloud-based e-commerce solutions. Through the partnership, brands and retailers can easily expand internationally by reaching foreign markets and delivering to customers around the world, with seamless connection to DHL eCommerce fulfillment and shipping.
"ChannelAdvisor's strategic alliance with DHL eCommerce gives us the opportunity to work with one of the largest global logistics providers," says Paul Colucci, Vice President, Global Business Development, ChannelAdvisor. "By combining ChannelAdvisor's industry-leading e-commerce platform with DHL's leading logistics capabilities, DHL eCommerce customers will be able to reach new consumers on marketplaces, while continuing to offer the best-in-class fulfillment and shipping they expect. It's essential that brands and retailers diversify their digital and multi-channel strategies to succeed in today's evolving industry, and we are honored to be selected by DHL eCommerce to help its customers accelerate their sales strategies and meet demands."
Partnering up with ChannelAdvisor emphasizes Deutsche Post DHL Group's objective to be the leading global provider in e-commerce logistics. DHL eCommerce is part of Deutsche Post DHL Group, established in 2014 as part of the Group's growing focus in e-commerce logistics solutions. Along with its sister divisions DHL Express, DHL Supply Chain and DHL Global Forwarding, the Group offers end-to-end solutions for e-commerce retailers.
ChannelAdvisor (NYSE: ECOM) is a leading e-commerce cloud platform whose mission is to connect and optimize the world's commerce. For nearly two decades, ChannelAdvisor has helped retailers and brands worldwide improve their online performance by expanding sales channels, connecting with consumers around the world, optimizing their operations for peak performance and providing actionable analytics to improve competitiveness. Thousands of customers depend on ChannelAdvisor to securely power their sales and optimize fulfillment on channels such as Amazon, eBay, Google, Facebook, Walmart and hundreds more. For more information, visit www.channeladvisor.com.


Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to Blackening The Sun by Undercroft. Please check back for more Undercroft lyrics.
... will decide my final place of rest !
... will be seen from the seas to the deserts !
And the abyss child will creep from the other side !
When the sun will be black !!!
Their rotten christian faith !!!
For i'll long the force !!!
Rising the buried plagues !!!
... blackening the sun !!!
Oh! Will decide my final place to rest !!!


Native juniper berries, which give mother's ruin its unique flavour, are being saved from extinction. Michael McCarthy raises a glass to the Ice Age evergreen that put the UK distillery industry in high spirits.
Gin drinkers, raise your glasses – the juniper, with its fragrant fruit, has been revived in Britain. Juniper berries are the essential flavouring ingredient in that clear spirit, whose evil reputation once gave it the name of mother's ruin, but which is now seen more benignly as the interesting part of a gin and tonic.
But the bushes that bear the aromatic berries have been disappearing across Britain, and in southern England have been in danger of extinction in the wild.
Now, however, the wild flower conservation charity Plantlife has just completed the first phase of a major project to revive the fortunes of Juniperus communis, with 300 juniper seedlings growing at nine sites where existing juniper bushes were old and incapable of reproducing, a conservation success that has never before been achieved on this scale.
Juniper is a fascinating plant in that it is one of only three native British conifers – the others are the yew and the scots pine – and it was one of the first trees to colonise Britain after the last Ice Age.
Juniper numbers have fluctuated but on the whole declined over a long period, with many southern English counties having lost 60 to 70 per cent of their populations. Without action, the shrub (it's generally shrubby-sized) was facing extinction here in the next 50 years, so in early 2010, Plantlife launched a conservation project and survey to help to save the species in the English lowlands. It has involved trialling new techniques to build up the most important populations across the chalk and limestone country of lowland southern England.


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Hidden Consciousness
by Mohammad Ehsaei and Hossein Rezvani
Salsali Private Museum (SPM) is pleased to announce the solo exhibition by renowned Iranian artist Mohammad Ehsai.
The exhibition will open on 2 November 2014 and end on 15 January 2015 and will showcase the unique carpets designed by Ehsai.
Rendered in bold and gestural lines, Mohammad Ehsai's calligraphic forms border between what is real and imaginary, understood and abstract. Colorful lines that were once words can now, from afar, be mistaken for a variety of forms.
In the Ehsai's latest show at Salsali Private Museum, he presents a series of paintings which explore the abstract formation of words and viewer's role in their metaphorical and physical de-construction. These works are the patterns of the design of the Carpets that have been created in collaboration with the Hamburg-Tehran based, Iranian Carpet Designer Hossein Rezvani, who received various awards including the Red Dot Design award.
Based on the Ehsai´s drawings, Rezvani´s Atelier in Iran has hand-knotted the 09 carpets by using the finest wool and silk. This is the first time that Ehsai has designed objects for an art exhibition. These carpets are vibrant in energy and determined in form. They are knotted according to traditional Persian style, while incorporating Ehsai's vibrant and abstract contemporary calligraphic forms. Some of them take the form of colorful geometric shapes, while others look like biomorphic creatures that rhythmically move from one end to the other of each carpet. Ehsai refers to these works as one which alludes to the performance of life – for that he states, "Life is a performance". His aim through these paintings is to draw from the audience a sense of discourse and a physical need to free ourselves from negative connotations, while also being empowered through multiple layers of meaning.
Master calligrapher and artist Mohammad Ehsai was born in Iran in 1939, where he lives today. He graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran University in 1971, where he later joined the newly established visual art department.
As an artist and educator, Ehsai was excited about the process of self-discovery. He was curious to experience new sensibilities and search for future directions. Inspired by different modern art movements and trends in mass production, such as the Bauhaus and its associated schools, and Swiss and their International Typographic Style, Ehsai was eager to be unique, experimental, and expressive. The Bauhaus style analyzed form in terms of basic geometric elements. Such an approach was understandable by the abstract and geometric language used in the Islamic art and calligraphy. He was also at ease with the use of new material and technology encouraged by modern movements.
Ehsai is commissioned by collectors and patrons across the world. His calligraphic murals appear on important architectural structures and spaces. Ehsai's works are in several private collections around the world and numerous public collections, including the British Museum, London and the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art.
As Founder of SPM, I am proud to host this unique show which transforms the Iranian contemporary calligraphy into the creation of objects such as a hand-knotted carpet. I would like to thank Mr. Ehsai for granting this platform of cooperation to the younger generation of Iranian Designers such as Hossein Rezvani and share his vast knowledge with them.
I shall extend my appreciation to Ms. Mehrnoush Fattolahi, Tehran based curator and art advisor, who supported SPM with her vision, created the Idea of this project and co-curated the show Hidden Consciousness.


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Network of Women
Kroll powers sound decisions for clients ‐ and this requires a diverse and engaged team of employees. The Kroll Network of Women (NOW) was launched in 2012 to attract, develop and retain women at all levels of the firm. Kroll CEO, Noah Gottdiener, outlined his vision of providing a supportive environment for women in a message to the firm:
"As a firm that aims to provide trusted advice to clients, there is no diminishing the importance of people to our success. You ‐ the employees of Kroll are critical. Developing a diverse and engaged team of employees not only makes good business sense, but it's the right thing to do. So it is in this spirit that we launched the Kroll Women's Initiative to offer special resources in such areas as recruitment, training, marketing, business development, networking and communications.
We have an extraordinary group of women at Kroll. I look forward to serving as a supporter and advocate for them and for this initiative, which will galvanize women at the firm and set the stage for future generations of women to grow and succeed here."
Rebecca Levy co-chaired the Women's Bar Association Gala in Boston. The event was a big success, attracting over 700 attendees, and Becca was also recognized in the WBA Chronicle, a magazine that's distributed at the Gala and other WBA events throughout the year.
Rebecca Levy
Director, Expert Services,
Loredana Drovetto joined American Appraisal in 1985 as an executive assistant and found many opportunities to grow professionally. She became a part of Kroll through our acquisition and today, she's Managing Director and CEO of Fixed Asset Management and Insurance Solutions (FAMIS).
Loredana Drovetto
Managing Director –
CEO of the Italian FAMIS Operations,
This is a fascinating client base – the individuals we work with are intelligent, driven – and tax is an important factor to the way they run their business. Our relationship is with the founders/principals of the business or their CFO/CEOs, which keeps us on our toes!
Marie Barber
Managing Director, Tax Services,
Being in business development, for me, the thing that keeps my engine turning at full speed is all of the untapped connections and 'what ifs' in our business. The possibilities and open goals at Kroll really are plentiful and here for the taking.
Rebecca Fuller
Managing Director, Valuation Services,
Litigation Coordinator Mumbai, India, New Delhi, India


International alt-rock star Sarah Bettens is breaking new ground with her latest CD, Never Say Goodbye, which is the first international release from her own label, Cocoon Records. The acoustic album includes a unique mix of three new songs, favorites from her last two solo records, and covers of songs by iconic artists like Bonnie Raitt and Julie London. People who've heard the CD have been hitting fan chat rooms to profess how amazing Sarah's voice sounds on the new record, as if all of the arrangements had been custom written for her voice.
Sarah's last solo CD, Shine, was produced by Brad Wood (Sunnyday Real Estate, Placebo, Smashing Pumpkins, Ben Lee) and produced a number of stand-out hits, including "Daddy's Gun", "I Can't Get Out", and "Put It Out for Good". "Daddy's Gun" remains in heavy rotation on MTV/Logo America's New, Next, Now. Shine also made news when the Belgian newspaper DeMorgen purchased 150,000 copies of the CD to be distributed in the paper — and the newspaper sold out immediately.
Shine was the follow-up to Sarah's hugely successful debut solo effort Scream, which earned her a European Border Breakers Award for Best New Artist. "Come Over Here", the sultry single off the Scream album, is one of the singles on the compilation CD Revolutions released by Music With a Twist/Columbia Records. The song was also a Top 5 alternative hit on Studio Brussels, and popular Dutch remixers Kraak & Smaak released a remix of the song. Sarah's heartfelt song, "I'm Okay" from the Scream album was also licensed by ABC TV/online.
Sarah continues to make a name for herself as a major headliner throughout the world. She's performed at dozens of key European festivals in addition to headlining a South African tour and a European theatre tour. In North America, Sarah has been one of the headliners at the Michigan Womyn's Festival, has performed with the Yellow Umbrella Tour, which raises awareness about cervical cancer, and has performed at a number of other arts festivals in major cities throughout North America.
Sarah is no newcomer to the rock world. She first earned notoriety as the lead singer of K's Choice, which has earned Gold and Platinum records in continental Europe and whose international radio hits include "Not An Addict," "Believe" and "Almost Happy". She was tapped to write the theme song for Pepsi's Generation Next campaign and has worked with corporate sponsors, from Levi's to Nike. With K's Choice, Sarah has headlined European festivals, toured throughout the U.S. and been featured in Rolling Stone, Vogue, Chicago Sun-Times and Billboard. Now as a solo artist, Sarah continues to make headlines with cover features in French Muse, Curve and The Advocate.


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SASA has been involved in various aspects of variety work from its earliest days. Initially limited to important Scottish crops of the early 20th century such as turnips, swedes, fodder grasses, clover and of course potatoes, the enactment of the Plant Varieties and Seeds Act in 1964 encouraged the development of private sector plant breeding by introducing Plant Breeders Rights to the UK. Accession to the EEC in 1972 saw a further increase in the need for variety testing with the predecessor of SASA becoming one of the UK test centres for potatoes, cereals, fodder crops and vegetables. Further rationalisation in the 1980s, aimed at removing duplication of effort within the UK, resulted in SASA being the sole UK test centre for vegetables. (UK variety testing is co-ordinated by the Plant Variety Rights and Seeds Office (PVS), which is part of the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) based in Cambridge). SASA also tests a number of what are known as "Agricultural" crops, covered by different legislation than vegetables and in the case of potatoes, requiring further agronomic tests called Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trials.
SASA Variety Testing also undertakes a programme of Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB) funded Independent Variety Trials (IVT) for potatoes which provides "independent resistance data for pests, diseases and pathogens deemed to be of high importance/threat to our national potato crop".
As a result of its long involvement with DUS, VCU & IVT, SASA Variety Testing has built up a unique series of well-characterised reference collections of its test crops stretching back more than 40 years and constituting a very substantial genetic resource. We also host the Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme which functions as a "safety-net" for locally adapted and traditional Scottish genetic resources by storing this material and making it available both to the original donors in case of harvest failure, as well as the wider research and breeding communities.
Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) Testing
DUS testing is a way of determining whether a newly bred variety differs from existing varieties within the same species (the Distinctness part), whether the characteristics used to establish Distinctness are expressed uniformly (the Uniformity part) and that these characteristics do not change over subsequent generations (the Stability part). DUS tests exist so that new varieties can legally gain access to their market via the UK National List and/or for the granting of Plant Breeders Rights, a form of intellectual property rights designed to safeguard the substantial economic investment involved in modern plant breeding.
A DUS test is usually conducted in the field or glasshouse over two successive growing seasons. During this period a number of mainly morphological characteristics are recorded both on the new (or candidate) variety and on similar varieties in what is known as "Common Knowledge". Differences, if they exist, are established by observation and measurement using internationally agreed protocols. SASA Variety Testing staff are closely involved in the design of these protocols by regularly meeting with colleagues from other countries within the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) based in Geneva and the Community Plant Variety Office, a European Union Agency based in Angers, France.
SASA is the UK DUS testing centre for vegetable species and offers DUS tests in the following:
Beetroot (including Leaf Beet & Chard)
Broccoli (including sprouting types)
Vegetable Kales
Onion & Shallot
Radish (including Oriental types)
Turnip Rape
See the related links box for more information about DUS.
Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) Testing of Potatoes
In addition to the DUS test, new varieties of some species of economically important plant species are also required to undergo Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) Testing before inclusion on the UK National List. Variety Testing at SASA, in conjunction with colleagues at NIAB in Cambridge, conduct VCU tests on potato candidates. Whereas DUS characteristics focus on morphological characteristics, VCU concentrates on agronomic characters - with an emphasis on resistance to diseases and defects important in potato production in the UK.
VCU tests fall into four categories:
Factors in the physical environment – e.g. susceptibility to damage
Resistance to harmful organisms – e.g. Blackleg (see image), Common Scab or Leafroll
Quality – e.g. crisping / French-fry quality
See Disease Testing and New Varieties pages or related links box for more information.
Independent Variety Trials (IVT)
In addition to DUS and VCU trials, SASA Variety Testing, in collaboration with its partners Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), James Hutton Limited (JHL) and SAC Consulting Ltd., undertake Independent Variety Trials (IVT) on behalf of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). The potato Industry considers it very desirable to compile a comprehensive, independent data set of varietal ratings for diseases considered to be of most importance for UK potato production. To this end, AHDB Potatoes fund a set of tests for some diseases not covered by the official National List programme but nevertheless fully integrated with the statutory testing system. A full list of the disease resistances tested can be found on the potato disease testing page.
Agents/breeders of varieties entering the second year of UK National List are invited to enter their varieties for IVT testing. In addition, agents/breeders of varieties found on the European Union Common Catalogue intended for production in GB are also invited to enter their varieties. The results of all tests are published on the AHDB Potatoes' Potato Variety Database hosted by SASA.
Disease Testing
Dry Rot (NL test): (Fusarium coeruleum and F. sulphureum, separate test conducted for each pathogen): tubers are wounded and inoculated with a suspension of spores and incubated at 12-15oC. The degree of internal rotting is assessed.
Foliage Late Blight (NL test): greenhouse-grown plants at or near flowering are sprayed with a known R-gene complex isolate(s) of Phytophthora infestans. Leaf area blighted is scored after 7 days incubation.
Foliage Field Late Blight (IVT test): test plants grown in small field plots are exposed to spores of known R-gene complex isolate(s) from adjacent infected plants of a susceptible variety. Leaf area blighted is assessed on at least 3 ocassions.
Tuber Late Blight (NL test): the rose-end of field-grown tubers is sprayed with a known R-gene complex isolate(s) of Phytophthora infestans. The number of blighted tubers is counted after 10-14 days incubation.
Common Scab (NL test): tubers are planted in pots containing artificially infested compost and kept dry during tuber initiation. Severity of common scab is assessed on daughter tubers.
Powdery Scab (NL test): tubers are planted in pots in compost infested with scab peelings and kept wet during tuber initiation. Severity of powdery scab is assessed on daughter tubers.
Blackleg (NL test): tubers are inoculated at heel end with Pectobacterium atrosepticum and planted in an irrigated field trial. The incidence of blackleg is assessed at least 3 times during the growing season.
Black Dot (IVT test): tubers are planted in a greenhouse in pots filled with a compost infested with mycelia and spores of Colletotrichum coccodes. The severity of black dot is assessed on daughter tubers after 6 weeks incubation.
Black Scurf (IVT test): tubers are planted in a greenhouse in pots filled with a compost infested with mycelia of at least 3 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani. The severity of black scurf is assessed on daughter tubers.
Silver Scurf (IVT test): tubers are planted in artificially infested compost of Helminthosporium solani and planted in a polytunnel. The severity of silver scurf is assessed on daughter tubers after 4-5 months incubation at 12-15oC.
Skin Spot (IVT test): tubers are dipped in a suspension of spores and mycelia of Polyscytalum pustulans and planted outdoors in compost in pots. The severity of skin spot is assessed on daughter tubers after 5-6 months incubation at 5-8oC.
Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera spp.) (NL test, Separate tests are conducted for G.rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 and G.pallida pathotypes 2/3 and 1): tubers are planted in pots in compost infested with a standard concentration of PCN eggs. Cyst multiplication on roots is assessed. View
Damage, external (splitting) and internal (bruising) (NL test): a standard force is applied to the heel end of field grown tubers. Tubers for 'splitting' test are stored at 4-6oC and the incidence of splitting at the point of impact is recorded. Tubers for 'bruising' test are stored at 9-11oC and the depth of damage at point of impact measured.
Tuber Quality
External tuber defects: The weight of tubers >35 mm and < 35 mm is recorded in kg, unmarketable tubers are divided into 10 categories: growth cracks, greens, mis-shapes,mechanical damage, cutworms, common scab >25% surface area covered, late blight, wet rots and other faults. The weight of each category is recorded in kg.
Internal tuber defects: The number of tubers with hollow heart, internal blemishes or other defects is recorded by cutting, initially, 25 tubers. If any faults are found in this sample, a further 25 tubers are cut.
View the official Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) protocols and procedures documents on the Gov.uk website.
Disease, pest and damage susceptibility ratings obtained during National List Trials for new varieties are available on the AHDB Potatoes' Potato Variety Database together with results from Independent Variety Trial tests. Additional information on these varieties may also be found on the European Cultivated Potato Database.
Varieties added to the UK National List in 2015
Libertie
Mayan Rose
Variety Collections
In order to satisfactorily perform DUS trials which, it will be recalled, are essentially a series of comparisons; a substantial collection of reference varieties must be assembled and held viable and ready to be incorporated into plots in the field. Over the forty-plus years of variety testing at SASA and its antecedents, very substantial collections have been amassed and maintained here. Stored in conditions of low temperature and humidity and regularly monitored for viability, these reference collections, as well as providing the foundation for DUS trials, also represent a very significant crop genetic resource relevant to the UK's commitment to international treaties such as the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
As well as the crops DUS tested at SASA, we also hold small collections of other vegetable species including tomato, parsley, spinach and cauliflower. However it is in our main test species that our collections are notable for their range, the top five (as of early 2017) are:
Pea: 4261 accessions
Cabbage: 2664 accessions
Carrot: 1527 accessions
Potatoes: 1187 varieties (maintained as tubers)
Onion: 1047 accessions
Radish: 759 accessions
Scottish Landraces
A landrace is a locally adapted variety of a domesticated species of plant (or animal) which over time has become well adapted to its local environmental conditions. Although landraces have a distinct identity, they are genetically more diverse than commercial cultivars as they have not been produced by breeding (deliberate crossing of specific characteristics), but are maintained by continual regeneration of seed by local farmers. Populations of the same landrace grown in different localities will often have slightly different identities due to a variation in the balance of individual plants within a population.
Landrace seed may or may not be sold commercially and the harvested product may have multiple uses such as food or forage. Landraces may be cultivated using traditional or modern methods and are often grown as mixtures.
Where are landraces grown in Scotland?
Landraces are almost entirely grown outwith the Scottish mainland. In the Outer Hebrides, substantial areas of small oat (or Corce Beag in the gaelic), rye and bere barley landraces can be seen, often grown together in mixtures. In the Northern Isles you can find Shetland cabbage, Shetland oats and bere barley - on Orkney as well as Shetland.
Bere barley, small oat and Shetland cabbage are probably the oldest surviving agricultural plants in Scotland, the cereal landraces having been considered the main crop for the Hebrides in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and Shetland cabbage (or kale) known on Shetland since the time of Cromwell.
Why do we want to conserve landraces?
The Scottish Government has a commitment to conserve its plant genetic resources as a signatory to international treaties such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) 2004.
Landraces have become very rare, and like rare animal breeds, represent genetic resources of unknown diversity. In mainland Scotland landraces were replaced, firstly by traditional or primitive varieties in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and more recently by modern varieties produced by plant breeders in the latter half of the 20th century. There is therefore a need to collect landrace seed, record their morphological and molecular characteristics and make the germplasm available to the plant breeding community.
As landraces are variable locally adapted populations, they may have a role to play in producing varieties adapted to climate change.
Continued growing and regeneration of landraces plays an important role in maintaining sensitive habitats such as the machair of the Western Isles.
As part of Scotland's agricultural heritage landraces obviously have cultural value.
The survival of landraces is dependent on a continual cycle of regeneration and sowing; if seed harvest fails, the landrace will be lost unless a sample of the population has been conserved in ex situ storage. For this reason the Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme was set up at SASA in 2006
Camacho Villa, C.T., Maxted, N., Scholten, M., and Ford-Lloyd, B. (2006) "Defining and identifying crop landraces", Plant Genetic Resources, 3(3), 373-384, available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PGR200591
Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme (SLPS)
The Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme was launched by SASA in August 2006 to provide a safety net for the continued use of Scottish landraces by safely storing seed produced by each grower ex-situ in SASA's freezers. In the event of poor harvest, a grower can request some of his or her seed already stored at SASA. With the consent of the donor, the stored seed can also be made available for research, breeding and education.
As landrace populations may be selected over many years for growing in a specific locality, they are not always suitable for growing in other places, Bere Barley from Orkney, for example, does not grow particularly well in South Uist. One of the aims of the SLPS is to prevent the loss of locally adapted landraces by removing the need for growers to source seed from other areas.
The SLPS holds collections for six Scottish landraces:
Bere Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Small Oat (Avena strigosa)
Hebridean Rye (Secale cereale)
Shetland Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
On receipt at SASA, each collected or donated seed sample is registered, examined for seed health and tested for germination. The growers are informed of the results and consent is sought for general distribution of seed. Seed is then cleaned, dried and stored at 22oC and a sub-sample is removed for safety duplication.
A minimum seed quantity is required for participation in the SLPS in order for it to fulfill all the functions of the scheme: emergency regeneration, re-supplying the donor, general distribution for bona fide research, breeding and education reasons, morphological and molecular characterisation and monitoring the germination and vigour in store.
Bere Barley
Bere Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
The six-rowed spring barley called 'bere' has been dated back to the 8th century and is likely to have been introduced by the Norse (Jarman, 1996). It has been used both as food (bread) and beverages (beer, ale, whisky) as well as feed. Historically associated with Scotland, there was no evidence of any cultivation on mainland Scotland at the time of the compilation of the National Inventory (Scholten et al. 2004). On the Outer Hebrides, bere barley was rarely grown for human consumption and its cultivation had decreased to an estimated six to twelve crofters. In 2006 however it was observed here in several fields mixed in with oat and rye. Very few crofters grew it as single stand.
On the Northern Islands, Shetland cereal cultivation has seen a steep decline as sheep production increased, with the consequence that both bere and Shetland oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) cultivation almost ceased a few years ago on both island groups, but for a couple of farmers. A project was initiated to encourage and increase the cultivation of heritage crops such as bere and small oat. The project, run by the Shetland Organic Growers Group, was targeting 15 farmers to grow 4 hectares of cereals in 2004.
Orkney is the only location where bere barley is still grown for human consumption; i.e. for bere meal production, used for making traditional biscuit (bannock) for tourists. Meal is ground at the Barony Mills in Birsay.
Some farmers also grew bere for animal feed. Bere's nutritional value has recently been investigated by the Agronomy Institute at Orkney College UHI (Theobald et al 2006) as part of a wider project into its marketing potential. The two traditional beverages associated with bere; beer and whisky, have both been reintroduced successfully in 2006: ale by an Orkney brewery, beer by a Shetland brewery and whisky from a distillery on Islay. In 2012 a limited edition Arran Malt was produced in conjunction with the Agronomy Institute at Orkney College UHI, using Orkney bere. For more information see the Agronomy Institute website.
Results from a recent PhD project (Southworth 2007) indicated that there were three significantly different and isolated sub-populations of bere being grown Scotland: the Shetland islands, the Orkney islands and the Western Isles (outer Hebrides).
The greatest proportion of genetic diversity was found within populations, probably resulting from geographically isolated founding populations diverging over a long time. However, exchange of seed between growers may also have contributed to high variation within populations. The greatest diversity was found in the Western Isles.
There is a clear need for in situ and ex situ conservation both within each of the sub-populations and of individual populations in each island group.
Jarman, R.J. (1996) "Bere barley: a living link with the 8th century", Plant Varieties and Seeds, 9(3), 191-196.
Southworth, C. (2007) The use of microsatellite markers to differentiate UK barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties and in population genetic analysis of bere barley from the Scottish islands, PhD thesis Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh.
Theobald, H.E., Wishart, J.E., Martin, P.J., Buttriss, J.L., and French, J.H. (2006) "The nutritional properties of flours derived from Orkney grown bere barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)", Nutrition Bulletin, 31(1), 8-14, available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2006.00528.x.
Bere barley accessions 35.34 KB
Small Oat/Shetland Oat & Common Oat
Small Oat or Shetland Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.)
Small, black or bristle oat (Avena strigosa) is a historical crop of marginal soils that has largely disappeared from Northern Europe (Weibull et al. 2001). Formerly widely grown on the poorer soils in the UK, and included in plant breeding programmes in Wales, cultivation of the small oat has now almost ceased (Chater 1993, Scholten et al 2004).
The major remaining area of cultivation in the UK are on the Uists and Benbecula in the Outer Hebrides where over 300 hectares are planted every year with mixtures of small oat, rye and bere barley. Smaller areas of cultivation are scattered over Lewis and Harris, Tiree and Islay. The use of mixtures is an ancient agricultural strategy to safeguard crop yields in a highly risky growing environment.
On the Hebrides A. strigosa it is known as small oat, black oat or, in Gaelic, Corce beag, in contrast to Avena sativa (common oat) which is called big, mainland or white oat.
Its cultivation on the Hebrides is for the production of winter feed for animals and is restricted to very light, highly alkaline machair soils. The alkalinity and nutrient deficiencies, such as manganese, make it difficult to grow common oat without additional nutrients. In contrast, the small oat yields well under these conditions without the need for additional nutrient. The small oat has survived thanks to its adaptation to very marginal growing conditions.
Cultivation of low input local cereal varieties (landraces) make an important contribution to biodiversity conservation of the machair, a man-made habitat unique to the British Isles. A large part of the machair is protected with a Western Isles Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) which advocates support for the local cereal varieties.
On the Northern Isles A. strigosa is called Shetland oat or aets. On both islands groups it is used as winter feed. However, in Shetland, the oat straw is primarily used for making traditional straw baskets called 'kishies', thatching and for the backs of traditional Orkney chairs. The Shetland Organic Producers Group included it in their heritage cereals program and it can also be seen on the Burland Croft Trail, among other Shetland local varieties and rare breeds.
On Orkney its occurrence is associated with the traditional Orkney chairs for which the black oats provide strong straw of a beautiful color.
Chater, A.O. (1993) "Avena strigosa Schreb., Bristle Oat and other cereals as crops and casuals in Cardiganshire, V.C. 46", Welsh Bulletin of the Botanical Society of the British Isles (BSBI), no 55, 7-14.
Scholten, M., Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B. (2004) UK Inventory of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, University of Birmingham available from: http://www.brockwell-bake.org.uk/pics/UK_inventory.pdf
Scholten, M. (2007) "Uist cereals attract research interest. Part 1: Small oat", Am Pàipear, March.
Scholten, M., Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B., and Green, N. (2008) "Hebridean and Shetland Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), and Shetland cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) landraces: occurrence and conservation issues", BIOVERSITY/FAO PGR Newsletter, 154, 1-5, available from: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/PGR/article-issue_154-art_1-lang_en.html.
Weibull, J., Johansen Bojensen, L.L., Rasomavicius, V. (2001) "Avena strigosa Schreb. in Denmark and Lithuania", BIOVERSITY/FAO PGR Newsletter, 131, 1-4, available from: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/PGR/article-issue_131-art_66-lang_en.html.
Small oat & common oat accessions 29.25 KB
Hebridean Rye
Hebridean Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Rye has never been an important crop in the UK compared to other cereals. Perceval (1946) observed that "no well-marked races of rye are met with and the number of constant varieties is small". The Hebridean rye is the least known of the Scottish landraces, although historical references document rye cultivation on the islands. However, it's origin is unknown.
The rye is grown in a mixture with oat, in order to safeguard a harvest in dry years. The ratio oat to rye was usually given as 40 to 60 but also as 30 to 70 on the lighter soils in South Uist. No common or local names were encountered for the local rye.
The first two accessions of rye in the SASA landrace collection have been collected as a mixture with Small Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) whereas the final two accessions are pure.
Percival, J. (1946) Agricultural botany : theoretical and practical, 8th ed., London: Duckworth.
Rye accessions 6.69 KB
Shetland Cabbage
Shetland Cabbage / Kale: the oldest Scottish local vegetable variety?
Shetland cabbage or Shetland kale, a landrace of unknown origin, has been grown on the Shetland Islands since at least the 17th century (Fenton 2007). First used as a vegetable, it was then widely grown as winter feed for cattle and sheep. The last 30 years however, has seen a steep decline in the use of this landrace
Seed of Shetland cabbage is not sold commercially and the survival of this and other landraces is entirely dependent on saved seed from growers. Community Action plans, such as that for Yell have advocated support for Shetland cabbage.
The life cycle has been well documented (Fenton 1978, Anderson 2001). Traditionally a plantie crub or crö, a small circular stone-walled enclosure, was used for raising cabbage seedlings (Anderson 2001), which were then transplanted into larger kale yards, also often with protective stone walls. These structures can be seen all over the islands though many have now been abandoned or are used for other purposes.
Shetland cabbage seed was collected in the 1980s and deposited at the vegetable genebank at Warwick HRI in Wellesbourne where some accessions were found to show Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) resistance.
Then in the mid-2000s as the Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme was being set up, further material was obtained and conserved at SASA which now holds around 50 accessions from a wide range of locations in Shetland and Foula.
Characterisation of accessions, collected on the Shetland mainland and the neighbouring islands shows wide morphological variation within and between accessions for traits such as foliage colour, head formation, head density and powdery mildew resistance.
Here's a reference to the kale and the crö in the first verse* of "Probably still the most famous poem in the Shetland dialect", "Auld Maunsie's Crö " by Basil R. Anderson:
Oot-ower apon a weel-kent hill,
Whase watters rise ta grinnd a mill,
Auld Maunsie biggit him a crö,
Ta growe him kale for mutton brö –
Fir Maunsie never tocht him hale,
Withoot sheeps' shanks an cogs o kale.
* View the full 12 entertaining verses along with some translation.
Anderson, L. F. (2001) The Bressay Plantie Crubs, Bressay: Bressay Local History Group.
Crute, I.R. and Pink, D.A.C. (1989) "The characteristics and inheritance of resistance to clubroot in Brassica oleracea", Aspects of applied biology, 23, 57-60.
Fenton, A. (1978) The Northern isles: Orkney and Shetland, Edinburgh: John Donald.
Fenton, A. (2007) The food of the Scots : Scottish Life and Society : a compendium of Scottish ethnology, Edinburgh: John Donald.
Lever, L. A. (2006) A survey of Landraces on the Sheland Islands, MSc. thesis School of Biosciences,University of Birmingham.
Scholten, M., Maxted, N., Ford-Lloyd, B., and Green, N. (2008) "Hebridean and Shetland Oat(Avena strigosa Schreb.), and Shetland cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) landraces: occurrence and conservation issues", BIOVERSITY/FAO PGR Newsletter, 154, 1-5, available from: http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/PGR/article-issue_154-a....
Shetland cabbage accessions 108.57 KB
There are no wheat landraces currently grown in Scotland. An old traditional variety 'Red Standard' obtained in 1950 is currently maintained in the SASA genetic resource collection
wheat accessions 9.74 KB
For further information please see The European Cultivated Potato Database - a resource for potato breeders, scientists and farmers.
potato accessions 9.1 KB
Requests for further information and seed
Genetic Resources, SASA, Roddinglaw Road, Edinburgh, EH12 9FJ, UK
genetic.resources@sasa.gov.scot
Seed of Landraces is limited and will only be supplied for bona fide research, plant breeding or educational purposes. A standard Material Transfer Agreement must be signed by the recipient in advance of seed being supplied.
Scottish Landraces - Useful Links
UK Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
UK Plant Genetic Resources Group
Agronomy Institute for Northern Temperature Crop Research (Orkney College)
European Co-operative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR)
EU Commission Directive 2008/62/EC of 20 June 2008 on the marketing of seed and seed potatoes of agricultural conservation varieties


Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood is an enjoyable expansion, with it being every bit as polished as Heavensward and A Realm Reborn, and like the previous expansion – Heavensward- Stormblood offers a good array of new features.
The primary new features are the addition of two new jobs: Samurai (Melee DPS) and Red Mage (ranged magic DPS), an increased level cap from 60 to 70, the addition of swimming and diving, new beast tribes and Primals, a new residential district (although houses cannot be purchases until patch 4.1), a massive PVP update, expanded item inventory, new main story, and most importantly of all several battle system changes.
Let's start with Stormblood's main story. Stormblood's story revolves around liberating Ala Mhigo and Doma from more than twenty years of Garlean occupation. The story spans two continents with the fight to free Ala Mhigo taking place on Eorzea and the fight to free Doma taking place on Othad. Personally, I felt Stormblood's story to be rather poor in comparison to Heavenward's –the first expansion- as Stormblood lacked that personal touch, now that isn't to say the story didn't pull a few heart strings, but I just didn't feel as emotionally attached to what was happening in Stormblood. The overall story also felt rushed, which in my opinion was due to the size of the expansion, while I'll try not to reveal too much, the Othad portion of the story jumped from relaxed to assaulting Doma in almost breakneck speed.
Now, with my issues with the story laid out I will say the expansion's main characters do help elevate the story. The main antagonists: Acting imperial viceroy of Doma – Yotsuyu, Imperial viceroy of Ala Mhigo and crown prince of the Garlean Empire – Zenos yae Galvus, and Ala Mhigo collaborator Fordola, are all well fleshed out. Zenos is also an impressive main enemy, he rules with an iron fist and has no issues killing his own men to secure a victory, he is a great enemy to the warrior of light (your character) as he someone that your character could potentially become. I will say Yotsuyu is also an interesting character but explaining why would a massive spoiler.
In terms of the main protagonists, Lyse very much takes centre stage. The expansion focuses on the growth of Lyse as she goes from a character who is worried about living up to her sister and father, to being a key part of Ala Mhigo resistance. As you journey the characters that accompany you and Lyse change, although I will say the expansion was at its most interesting when the team consisted of Lyse, Alisaie and you. Speaking of Alisaie, she proves to be a far better travelling companion than her brother Alphinaud, as Alisaie offers a calming wisdom that keeps everyone in check. While in Othad your main allies are Gosestu, Yugiri and Lord Hein, these three only really hang around for the Othad portion of the expansion, but the time spent with them is memorable, especially scenes involving Gosestu.
Now, let's talk about the lands you visit. In Stormblood there is a total of seven new zones: The Fringes, The Peaks, The Lochs, The Ruby Sea, Yanxia, The Azim Steppe and Kugane. There are three zones in Ala Mhigo, three zones in Othad and one zone in Hingashi. The three zones in Ala Mhigo, which are The fringes, The Peaks and The Lochs are all desert/rocky landscapes with the Garlean technology and scars of war dotting the lands. The three zones in Othad are rather varied with The Ruby Sea being an island chain with underwater quest hubs, Yanxia is farming land that shows signs of Garlean conflict, and The Azim Steppe is a vast expanse of grassland where various Xaela Au Ra factions call home. Finally, in Hingashi there is Kugane; Kugane is Stormblood's main hub and it's a neutral city that acts as the only port in Hingashi open to foreign vessels. Kugane is reminiscent of Japan's closed door policy during the country's Edo period.
Of the new zones, two stood out for me: The Ruby Sea and The Azim Steppe. The Ruby Sea was an interesting zone as it highlighted the expansion's swimming and diving features with a good portion of the zone taking place underwater, the underwater experience offered some great lore and questing experiences. The Azim Steppe was by far my favourite of the new zones, the zone's story made the zone feel alive as you experienced the different cultures of the various Xaela tribes and took part in a battle that determined which faction ruled above all others.
Now let's look at the new jobs: Red Mage and Samurai. From the start of the expansion until I finished the story I played the Red Mage, the new job impressed me with its versatile nature of going from ranged magic attacks to jumping in close to an enemy and launching a barrage of melee attack before jumping away and continuing with ranged magic attacks. The Red Mages ability to perform actions quickly also made it stand out with the job being able to perform instant casts of its various abilities when the Dualcast trait activates. The Red Mage also offers healer support in the form of healing and resurrection abilities; while they aren't as effective as a healer's abilities they are useful, especially when a healer needs a bit of help.
In regards to the Samurai, I didn't play a lot of it, but my opinion hasn't changed since my Stormblood preview, it feels a bit stagnant and I can best describe the job as an easier to play version of the Monk. With that said the Samurai is proving just as popular as the Red Mage.
In terms of combat, Stormblood offers some much-needed battle system changes. The changes see abilities being moved, culled or merged with existing abilities. For example, the Paladin's Rampart is no longer a Paladin exclusive ability, but it is now a tank role ability. In terms of merging abilities, this involves upgraded versions of existing abilities becoming one, for example, the Red Mage's Jolt I and Jolt II exist as just Jolt with the power of the ability increasing when you unlock the next highest version of Jolt, i.e. Jolt II.
The battle system's biggest change is the job gauge. The gauge is unique to each job with the gauges offering key job specific information, for example, the Red Mage's job gauge shows how much white and black mana you have collected in an effort to show you when you can best use your melee attacks. The job gauges are an impressive quality of life addition to the game as job specific information is now in your face and not hidden at the top of your screen under status effects.
In terms of instanced content, Stormblood offers eight new four player dungeons and three new eight-player trials. The new dungeons, five of which are levelling and three for max level, all offer a vibrant array of locations from the ship graveyard of "The Sirensong Sea" to the Edo period builds of "Kugane Castle". In terms of dungeon difficulty, they were challenging, but like any instance, once you learn the mechanics they become a breeze. Since I'm discussing dungeons I have to give a shout out to the second boss in "Bardam's Mettle", it is an unexpected treat that took me by surprise.
Regarding the three new trials, they are primarily Primal focused and as such offer a far greater challenge when compared to the expansion's dungeons. Trials are essentially a one boss dungeon without any trash, the fights in each trial requires a large amount of teamwork and concentration as bosses throw wave after wave of powerful spells. When taking part in a trial, prepare to wipe a lot even in their normal/levelling incarnations. In terms of the trial, I enjoyed the most, it would be "The Royal Menagerie", I don't want to give any spoilers away, but there is a stage transition that requires you be alert and constantly click on a highlighted portion of the screen, failing to do so can lead to death.
So, if PVE content isn't your thing, how is PVP in Stormblood? Well, the battle system changes I mentioned earlier do changes PVP. The primary change is that when you visit a PVP area you enter PVP mode, this new mode changes your traits and hotbars to their PVP variants. The PVP hotbar reduces the number of abilities to just twelve with seven job-based actions, a choice of two additional situational actions (MP recovery, HP recovery, sprint etc.), and a choice of three traits (increased HP, increased damage, increased MP regeneration).
The PVP changes mean that PVP is a more accessible experience with Stormblood as it creates a level playing field for both newcomers and veterans alike.
Instances down? Well why not attempt to climb a tower.
So, outside of PVP, instances and the story what can you do? Well, there are the usual suspects of exploring, gathering and crafting, but the one side activity that caught my eye this expansion was the sightseeing log, in particular, the ones in Kugane. For those who don't know the sightseeing log involves going to a specific location, usually only accessible via flying and using /lookout. Now, in Kugane the logs are in tough to reach location and while in all other zones you can just fly to the location, flying is not permitted in Kugane, and as such to reach the locations you need to go through a rather long and I must say an enjoyable set of jumping puzzles, also seeing 20+ players attempting to scale an inn is both as awesome and as hilarious as it sounds.
Now, the most important part of any MMORPG is the user interface, mess it up and it can ruin a game, so in Stormblood, how is the UI? Well honestly there is next to no UI changes, the changes to the UI are mostly quality of life changes, for example, the class/jobs tab on the character sheet is now divided into categories and easier to read. Of course, the major change is the job gauge, but I think I already said enough about that earlier in this review.
Now, let's talk issues, the most prominent of which is the game's servers. During peak times the queue to enter the game can range from thirty minutes to two hours, and during these peak hours, the game's instance servers can potentially crash leaving dungeons, trials and single player trials inaccessible. The two previously mentioned issues meant that levelling or proceeding through the story became a bit of a lottery, thankfully just over a week after early access launched there have been some improvements, but the instance servers are still prone to breaking at peak times.
In terms of graphics, Stormblood offers a good mixture of designs and colour, especially in Othad zones, whose rich colours and far eastern designs makes them stand out from the world around them. In terms of audio, the music is still as strong as ever and the voice acting continues to go from strength to strength, although I do wish more scenes were voiced.
Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood is an enjoyable expansion. While the story does falter at times the overall experience is solid and a worthy investment.
For more information on Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood, visit eu.finalfantasyxiv.com/stormblood/.


text:
Home >> Oaksure Security >> Security Equipment
Why manned guarding is ineffective
Relying on security guards to protect a vacant property may seem like an effective solution when a building is only expected to be empty for a short while, but compared to live-in guards this can be a costly and ineffective option.
Static security guards are usually scheduled to make regular patrols at set intervals around pre-planned routes. This is predictable for people seeking to breach security and unstimulating for the guards making it less likely for them to be able to notice changes or damages in the building. In many cases these patrols are not carried out as scheduled and there have been attempts at designing technology to ensure that patrols are undertaken when agreed.
Static security guards do not have an interest in inspecting the building beyond the remit of their patrol. Even if a building is protected by 24hr manned guards it still assumes the appearance of a vacant building and therefore becomes a target for those who seek to exploit empty property. If static security guards are not on-site 24hrs then there is always a window where an intruder can enter the site.
Manned guarding cannot completely prevent squatting
Ordinary static security guards do not occupy a building when they provide security so the vacant property continues to be vulnerable to the threat of squatting. If it is not possible to prove unequivocally that there has been a case of breaking and entering or damage done to the property then it will require a case at county court to establish rights of possession. There are cases where static security guards are off duty or merely outside in the local area and squatters take possession of a property. If a property is occupied by guards temporarily living in the property then it is easy to prove who is an intruder. This is true even if there is temporarily no guard on-site because the possessions and possession of keys of the guards living in the building provide immediate proof.
The solution to the problems of Static Security guards
Live-in guards provide very effective solutions to the problems of traditional security guards. Each live-in guard has a vested interest in securing and maintaining the properties they protect because some of their possessions are kept within the building and it is also where they live and sleep. These guards move around the building in irregular and unpredictable ways that are impossible for intruders to predict. The vacant property is their temporary residence so they have an intimate awareness of the building that manned guards never develop. They therefore notice quickly when there are changes, damages or security threats. While a building is protected in this way it appears occupied to the outside world and never becomes a target for those who seek to take possession or steal from the property.
Live-in guards are more effective at deterring vandalism, damage and theft
When a property is lived-in, it appears to be in use and this can act as a moral deterrent to potential vandals and thieves who are more unlikely to cause trouble and damage to the places which are occupied and where other people live. This can be clearly seen by comparing the number of vacant buildings that are vandalised with the proportion of occupied buildings. Some vandals also respond negatively to empty but guarded buildings, expressing their resentment at a building being left unused through violence and damage.
Live-in guards are far more cost-effective
Security guards cost around £12 per hour per guard. To have one of these guards on-site for 24 hours a day can cost around £8,000 per month plus VAT.
To reduce the cost, guards are often hired in shorter shifts, which means the property is left without protection. In such a case, employing security guards for two 5 hour shifts per day can still cost around £3,000 per month.
The alternative is to use Oaksure live-in guards who are SIA qualified and provide 24 hour security with protection by occupation at a charge of only £200 per month per property. Oaksure provides more effective security at a tiny fraction of the cost of manned guards.
Save With Oaksure
Telephone or email us with any questions regarding security for your property
We do not recommend leaving any property vacant
The security equipment and additional services we offer should only be sought in conjunction with occupation of the property by Oaksure guards.


text:
// CTK includes
#include "ctkPushButtonPlugin.h"
#include "ctkPushButton.h"

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ctkPushButtonPlugin::ctkPushButtonPlugin(QObject* pluginParent)
  : QObject(pluginParent)
{
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
QWidget *ctkPushButtonPlugin::createWidget(QWidget* parentForWidget)
{
  ctkPushButton* newWidget =
    new ctkPushButton(parentForWidget);
  return newWidget;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
QString ctkPushButtonPlugin::domXml() const
{
  return "<widget class=\"ctkPushButton\" name=\"PushButton\">\n"
         "</widget>\n";
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
QIcon ctkPushButtonPlugin::icon() const
{
  return QIcon(":/Icons/pushbutton.png");
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
QString ctkPushButtonPlugin::includeFile() const
{
  return "ctkPushButton.h";
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool ctkPushButtonPlugin::isContainer() const
{
  return false;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
QString ctkPushButtonPlugin::name() const
{
  return "ctkPushButton";
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Walter's FMS | Scam Review. Warning Contains Red Flags! | Super Wealthy Affiliates.
"Free Money Making System" This review contains Warnings/ Red Flags!
Walter's FMS (Free Money Making System) is a brand new trading tool that advertises significant returns from online investments. The software is developed by Walter Green, who doesn't seem to have a reputable image in the financial Online Trading World. I am going to guide you through this as best as I can.
Up to now it hasn't had any success and has caused quite a lot of new traders to quit. The money claims they shout about are simply not true. Nobody should be making big money making claims especially false ones.
Suffice to say I Do Not Recommend Walter's FMS (Free Money Making System) and you can find out why below. So let's dig in and Find out more about Walter and his infamous FMS.
So is Walter's FMS (Free Money Making System) a fake trading system? Or has it been designed by con-artists with the intention of robbing unsuspecting traders? Lurking around those especially that are new to this kind of thing? Why are people are quitting this Trading system?
My team and I have watched the video until the end. "Wow does it sound enticing?" "Yes, it does!" I mean who doesn't want to earn a quick buck. They go on to say that you can earn thousands a day and even millions. Short to say if it was that true then we would all be millionaires wouldn't we. As the old saying goes "If it sounds too good to be true then it is!"… FACT!
Just before I get into this review why don't you check a system that has worked for me and countless others? A better system. Not only that it's also a place where you can meet up with people interested in this kind of money making systems but you will get guidance for the right systems.
Join me here Now! Earn money online without all the scams lies and B.S. The one place that I earn 4K to 6K a month +. OR go Ahead and Read My Free Money Making Guide if You Like.
Walters FMS is linked with some really bad brokers. It is run by Online Marketers who are clever enough to dupe you into their (Free Money System) greedy for your investment not only that they are also greedy for your information which they will finally sell onto other scammers and low life traders. You will be stuck on that list forever. Which in turn you will end up with countless spam messages and scam callers.
WARNING Spam Callers and Scammers: This is enough to drive you insane. Believe me, I know. I gave out my mobile number and email address. Lucky for me It's a mobile/Cell, I use just for testing this kind of thing. I am highly shocked by how quick they share my details.
You can bet on my phone I have between 10 to 15 scam callers a day on that phone. Unlucky for them mind. I never answer it. They want to waste my time I shall waste their time. So if you do go ahead and give out any details use a new email that you don't need and give another TMobile/Cell number out.
Just don't give out much more than that. These scam traders are so clever and good with their words they will have your details and money before you even know what's going on. They do target anyone but mostly the older Generation.
These kinds of systems remind me of this guy Lol Fabulous actor Leonardo Di Caprio but the "Wolf Of Wall Street" is a true story. The only people making money is the Scammers Aka Walter's FMS (Free Money Making System) are the only people making money "NOT YOU!"…. Period! You may think that it is easy to sign up and since it is free, you will lose nothing. You are absolutely wrong it is not easy to use and it certainly is not free at all.
The so-called broker will take $250 as your first deposit and when you place trades using the signals produced by this so-called app which they say is easy to use but it is not, the broker will then place trades in the opposite direction. Walter's FMS is designed to make you lose and you will be shocked to know that it is the broker who is actually pocketing the funds you lost in trading.
Just like the Giphy above. Thats basically what they will be doing to you. A big Middle Finger Up to you. They will be laughing all the way to the bank and you will be even more broke than when you started out. Use your Due diligence. Here is a few other scam trader's I have just written about. With Fake Testimonials.
Just click on the links to read more about them. My Cash Formula Scam Review and Explode My Pay Day Scam Review!
Their promo video starts off with big money making claims and absolute B.S… There are claims that you can earn your first $5000 within 24 hours of getting started. How crazy is that? Any reputable company or trader will tell you that is insane and absolute lies. They are trying to dupe new Beginners into this kind of trading by insane claims of making big money here. Total B.S, again.
Online trading is a risky business even if your well prepared there will always be risks of losing. Even more risky for any new beginner. This software itself isn't real. That is there to execute you losing and the so-called brokers winning. You are then put with offshore brokers. Their intention is to make you sign up with a mysterious broker so any amount you lose in trading can be claimed by that broker.
All these people who are linked to Walter's FMS are only after your investment funds. The software will execute you losing trades. Then, in turn, lose money from your account until your account is depleted and their pockets are filled. Heading your way to be more broke than you was before. All these so-called Brokers unregulated brokers may I add, that are linked to Walter's FMS are only there to deplete your Accounts/Investment Funds!
Beware Fake Actors Fake Testimonials.
Fake Actors Means Fake Money Earnings.
Let's take a look at the video. Walter Green is, in fact, an actor that has been at the core of several investment scams. . The sad truth is that Walter Green is a known scammer. It all began three years ago with his Millionaire Blueprint scam that thousands of people have lost a lot of money to this scamster. Even regulators from different countries have since warned against Walter Green and his systems.
Walter's FMS is just a copy of this old scam "Millionaire Blue-Print", it even uses the same video. Walter Green is an actor. He isn't even a real person. Within minutes he portrays himself as something of an Adonis amongst online income generators. In fact, he wastes no time in telling you that he has created 152+ new millionaires, earning $189 million in pure profit in the last 90 days. This is all total B.S.
Check the image out below. Walter Green the Green machine is the same actor that was used in the Fraud system Millionaire Blue-Print.
Please be careful. Do not part with your money. This will just lead you to been scammed you will lose your more money and you will not get a refund. Your data will be shared with other fraudsters and scammers. Believe me, I know because they have already shared mine. Well, the one I set up for this kind of thing. I am now contacted daily by different scam sites daily and they are a right pain in the Backside!
How to Make Money Online The Legit way!
Watch the Free Video Walkthrough Now! By Kyle The co-Founder at Wealthy Affiliate. Click the Play button and it will open in a new window taking you direct to the Video course home Page. It's totally FREE TO JOIN!
/With all the tools and resources. I am able to use. I have built out my Own Online Businesses and with the FREE JAAXY LITE KEYWORD SEARCH TOO. Gives me the options to reverse engineer my competition. All the training I have and need keeps me ahead of the competition and our training is updated constantly.
That is what keeps us all above the competition. I earn 6K a month+ and that continues to grow every week.
Not only that I personally like to take care of any of my referrals. I do earn a commission if you join. You can read that in my Affiliate Disclosure page right HERE!
I like to take care of you and I will endeavour to help anyone that joins via any of my links. I will give you one on one Mentorship too. So you will never be left in the dark and I will help you always 100%.
If you have any questions or queries or you just want to find out more then please drop me a comment below. Looking forward to meeting you!
Thousands and even millions a day should immediately raise a red flag warning to any sensible person.
Unfortunately, a convincing video presentation and copy intended to stimulate the greed gene that most people have in their DNA can push the red flag down to where it can no longer be seen. After all, people are still falling for the Nigerian scam some 25 years after it made its first appearance.
For those reasons, warnings like yours are timely and valuable.
Walter's Free Money Making System sounds like it fits all the criteria for a scam.
And it's appalling (but good to know) that they quickly on sell your valuable contact information to other low-life scammers like themselves.
Also good to know is that it's the broker who's pocketing your money. I remember an old saying that the only way to double your money is to fold it over and put it back in your pocket!
Thanks again, Deborah for this detailed and timely warning.
Isn't it just sad that these scammers just feed off the vulnerable? We all know what it's like. What do we all type in our keyboard? How to earn money online quick or for free.
Is there any wonder so many people fail at Affiliate Marketing. I literally spend 16 hours a day just reviewing a sales video. They are all the same and it totally hurts my brain. I also sign up for these products.
I have a spare Cell/mobile and I use an email address that I don't have a use for. Nobody would actually believe the rounds my Personal details do. That would be sold on for years to come. That is just so sad.
Yes and as the saying goes your right fold your money in half or keep it in your pocket.
Thank you for passing by and I will certainly be catching up with you in Wealthy Affiliate. Realtime that is.
Without the scams and B.S.
Thank you, Phil, for your invaluable comment. Yes, scams are rife nowadays. I like the saying of folding over the note and putting it back in your pocket. Great to meet you and thank you again.
Wow! I have to say I am really grateful for the exposition, as a newbie in the affiliate market, it is wonderful that nice reviews like this come my way as they really are an eye opener. Now that there is a large number or chunk of scammers out there who come with a lot of 'too good to be true stories' what can unsuspecting folks do? What are the real legitimate programs out there?. Cheers.
As you can see the #1 recommended tools I use are Jaaxy and of course Wealthy Affiliate. I combine these two together. I call them my most favourite platforms for the simple reason its how I earn 6K+ a month. That income grows every day.
As you can see now you are a member of Wealthy Affiliate. Via my personal profile. The amount I make.
I couldn't be without Jaxxy it's how I reverse engineer all my competition. I also love helping so all my Referrals have my 100% attention. One on one mentorship. I like to take care of my referrals and I will guide them as best as I can.
Hopefully to build an online Empire as I have. Without all the B.S. and scams.
Looking forward to catching up with you In Wealthy Affiliate.
It totally makes sense too to be wary of the scams too. If I can help at least one person not get scammed or at least be guided in the right direction. Then my job is done. That makes my day for sure.


See a separate page for postdoc positions.
There are two Ph.D. student positions available at the Laboratory for Education and Research in Secure Systems Engineering (LERSSE). Ph.D. students are accepted with full support in the form of research assistantships and positions are available for starting in September of every year. Application deadline is in December of the previous year.
We welcome you to read more details about individual projects.
Besides usual training in computing, we are particularly interested in those applicants who have background or interest in applying methods of social science, cognitive science, psychology, and HCI to the domain of computer security.
LERSSE graduates commonly go on working for top hi-tech R&D and consulting companies in North and South America, Asia, Europe, and Middle East.
The University of British Columbia (UBC), established in 1908, is one of Canada's leading research universities and is consistently highly ranked, including the most recent rank of 22nd in the world by Times Higher Education. UBC attracts 54,000 students from across Canada and 140 countries around the world.
Vancouver, Canada, is the great place to live, study, and work. It consistently ranks in the top 4 cities in the world. A survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has found that Vancouver is the world's best place to live.
LERSSE does not usually accept applicants for Masters program, unless the candidate is exceptionally bright and mature. If you believe you are such a person, you are welcome to apply. Support for Masters students is usually not provided.
Follow these instructions to apply.


text:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace PropertyGridHelpers.Controls
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Control Combo box which is used to select multiple elements of a
    /// flag Enum.
    /// </summary>
    /// <seealso cref="System.Windows.Forms.CheckedListBox" />
    /// <seealso cref="CheckedListBox" />
    public class FlagCheckedListBox : CheckedListBox
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="FlagCheckedListBox" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        public FlagCheckedListBox()
        {
            // This call is required by the Windows.Forms Form Designer.
            InitializeComponent();

            // TODO: Add any initialization after the InitForm call
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases unmanaged and - optionally - managed resources.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing"><c>true</c> to release both managed and unmanaged resources; <c>false</c> to release only unmanaged resources.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Component Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes the component.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            //
            // FlaggedCheckedListBox
            //
            CheckOnClick = true;
        }

        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds the specified value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="v">The value.</param>
        /// <param name="c">The caption.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public FlagCheckedListBoxItem Add(
            int v,
            string c)
        {
            var item = new FlagCheckedListBoxItem(v, c);
            Items.Add(item);
            return item;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds the specified item.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="item">The item.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public FlagCheckedListBoxItem Add(
            FlagCheckedListBoxItem item)
        {
            Items.Add(item);
            return item;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Raises the <see cref="CheckedListBox.ItemCheck" /> event.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ice">The <see cref="ItemCheckEventArgs" /> instance containing the event data.</param>
        protected override void OnItemCheck(
            ItemCheckEventArgs ice)
        {
            base.OnItemCheck(ice);

            if (ice == null) return;

            if (isUpdatingCheckStates)
                return;

            // Get the checked/unchecked item
            FlagCheckedListBoxItem item = Items[ice.Index] as FlagCheckedListBoxItem;
            // Update other items
            UpdateCheckedItems(item, ice.NewValue);
        }

        // Checks/Unchecks items depending on the give bit value
        /// <summary>
        /// Updates the checked items.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
        protected void UpdateCheckedItems(
            int value)
        {
            isUpdatingCheckStates = true;

            // Iterate over all items
            for (int i = 0; i < Items.Count; i++)
            {
                FlagCheckedListBoxItem item = Items[i] as FlagCheckedListBoxItem;

                if (item.Value == 0)
                {
                    SetItemChecked(i, value == 0);
                }
                else
                {

                    // If the bit for the current item is on in the bit value, check it
                    if ((item.Value & value) == item.Value && item.Value != 0)
                        SetItemChecked(i, true);
                    // Otherwise uncheck it
                    else
                        SetItemChecked(i, false);
                }
            }

            isUpdatingCheckStates = false;
        }

        // Updates items in the CheckListBox
        // composite = The item that was checked/unchecked
        // cs = The check state of that item
        /// <summary>
        /// Updates the checked items.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="composite">The composite.</param>
        /// <param name="cs">The cs.</param>
        protected void UpdateCheckedItems(
            FlagCheckedListBoxItem composite,
            CheckState cs)
        {
            // If the value of the item is 0, call directly.
            if (composite?.Value == 0)
                UpdateCheckedItems(0);

            // Get the total value of all checked items
            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < Items.Count; i++)
            {
                FlagCheckedListBoxItem item = Items[i] as FlagCheckedListBoxItem;

                // If item is checked, add its value to the sum.
                if (GetItemChecked(i))
                    sum |= item.Value;
            }

            // If the item has been unchecked, remove its bits from the sum
            if (cs == CheckState.Unchecked)
                sum &= (~composite.Value);
            // If the item has been checked, combine its bits with the sum
            else
                sum |= composite.Value;

            // Update all items in the CheckListBox based on the final bit value
            UpdateCheckedItems(sum);
        }

        private bool isUpdatingCheckStates;

        // Gets the current bit value corresponding to all checked items
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the current value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int GetCurrentValue()
        {
            int sum = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < Items.Count; i++)
            {
                FlagCheckedListBoxItem item = Items[i] as FlagCheckedListBoxItem;

                if (GetItemChecked(i))
                    sum |= item.Value;
            }

            return sum;
        }

        Type enumType;
        Enum enumValue;

        // Adds items to the CheckListBox based on the members of the enum
        /// <summary>
        /// Fills the enum members.
        /// </summary>
        private void FillEnumMembers()
        {
            foreach (string name in Enum.GetNames(enumType))
            {
                object val = Enum.Parse(enumType, name);
                string caption = Converter == null ? name : (string)Converter.ConvertTo(val, typeof(string));
                int intVal = (int)Convert.ChangeType(val, typeof(int), CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);

                Add(intVal, caption);
            }
        }

        // Checks/unchecks items based on the current value of the enum variable
        /// <summary>
        /// Applies the enum value.
        /// </summary>
        private void ApplyEnumValue()
        {
            int intVal = (int)Convert.ChangeType(enumValue, typeof(int), CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);
            UpdateCheckedItems(intVal);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the enum value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The enum value.
        /// </value>
        [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
        public Enum EnumValue
        {
            get
            {
                object e = Enum.ToObject(enumType, GetCurrentValue());
                return (Enum)e;
            }
            set
            {
                if (value != null)
                {
                    Items.Clear();
                    enumValue = value;              // Store the current enum value
                    enumType = value.GetType();     // Store enum type
                    FillEnumMembers();              // Add items for enum members
                    ApplyEnumValue();               // Check/uncheck items depending on enum value
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets the converter.
        /// </summary>
        /// <value>
        /// The converter.
        /// </value>
        public EnumConverter Converter { get; set; }
    }
}


text:
Bulliard ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Christine Bulliard-Marbach (* 1959), Schweizer Politikerin (CVP)
 Jean Baptiste François Bulliard (1752–1793), französischer Arzt und Botaniker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Zelená Hora  est une commune du district de Vyškov, dans la région de Moravie-du-Sud, en République tchèque. Sa population s'élevait à  habitants en 2020.

Géographie
Zelená Hora se trouve à  au nord de Vyškov, à  au nord-est de Brno et à  au sud-est de Prague.

La commune est limitée par la zone militaire de Brezina à l'ouest, au nord et au nord-est, par Pustiměř au sud-est et au sud, et par Radslavice au sud-ouest.

Histoire
La première mention écrite de la localité date de 1720.

Notes et références

Commune dans le district de Vyškov