40 - basic APNG encoder and muxer with default extension "apng"
185 MP3, AIFF, and OMA files), FLAC header, and the AVI "junk" block.
215 more consistent with other muxers.
267 become the default at the next libavformat major bump.
278 - Matroska muxer can now put the index at the beginning of the file.
503 - accept + prefix to -pix_fmt option to disable automatic conversions.
567 options. All non-global options are reset after an input or output filename.
570 will now work properly (notably -ss and -t options).
573 specifiers section in the avconv manual for details.
577 apply to the next input or output file.
582 each stream in the first input file.
586 of colon.. This is done for consistency with other options.
588 output stream from the third input audio stream.
591 subtitle streams in the first input file.
606 syntax is deprecated and will stop working soon.
608 output file. This is consistent with how all the other options work.
611 name, similarly to the AVOptions/map/codec feature above.
612 * -metadata can now be used to set metadata on streams and chapters, e.g.
613 -metadata:s:1 language=eng sets the language of the first stream to 'eng'.
614 This made -vlang/-alang/-slang options redundant, so they were removed.
618 and -aq is now an alias for -q:a.
620 uses stream specifiers. Use -bsf:v/a/s instead of the old options.
623 * -intra option was removed, use -g 0 for the same effect.
624 * -psnr option was removed, use -flags +psnr for the same effect.
625 * -vf option is now an alias to the new -filter option, which uses stream specifiers.
626 * -vframes/-aframes/-dframes options are now aliases to the new -frames option.
627 * -vtag/-atag/-stag options are now aliases to the new -tag option.
657 - Video Decoder Acceleration (VDA) HWAccel module.
666 AVCodecContext deprecated. Codec private options should be used instead.
667 - Properly working defaults in libx264 wrapper, support for native presets.
798 - floating-point sample format support to the ac3, eac3, dca, aac, and vorbis decoders.
1188 .. And lots more new enhancements and fixes.
1240 pgm). Renamed old PGM to PGMYUV.
1253 - ARM optimizations (Lionel Ulmer <lionel.ulmer at free.fr>).
1263 - added MPEG demuxer (MPEG-1 and 2 compatible).
1295 this +codec ;) (JuanJo).
1309 missing. MSMPEG4 support is complete.
1311 can decode ffmpeg MPEGs :-)).
1312 - added libavcodec API documentation (see apiexample.c).
1325 of AVI and ASF to DIV3.
1327 (default=log). suppressed redundant -hq option.
1338 multistream support to ffmpeg.
1342 mmx/see optimization). Enable multiple image size support in ffserver.
1371 real time at low resolution.


text:
Q: Enable Automatic Migrations in mvc I am creating a MVC application where I add new classes very often. As the classes are related to each other and the test data in the the tables already created are of no interest I prefer to go with AutomaticMigrations.
i use the following command to set the database to the initial state.
Update-Database –TargetMigration: $InitialDatabase

But the problem is that it doesn't work always. What could be the possible reasons that it goes wrong? I am not familiar with Code First Migrations.
The error is mostly thrown during the runtime stating the DbContext was changed. I make sure there are no dependencies in the existing tables with the dropped tables before enabling the Migrations. I also get an error that states
Either the parameter @objname is ambiguous or the claimed @objtype (COLUMN) is wrong.

I am looking for general help on the topic.

A: For automatic migrations first you should set Database Initializer in your Database Context constructor.
public class YourDBContext: DbContext
{
    public YourDBContext(): base("ConnectionString")
    {
         Database.SetInitializer<YourDBContext>(new CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<YourDBContext>());
    }

You can also create custom Database initializer implementing CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<YourDBContext> with overridden seed method to provide initial data.
Second you should enable automatic migrations using command in Package Manager Console Enable-Migrations -EnableAutomaticMigrations
Then using Update-Database command in Package Manager Console will apply to database all the pending changes that you have made after last migration.
Update :
Use Verbose with update database command to see what script is generated
Update-Database –Verbose

A: If you want general help, I think Microsoft's documentation is fairly good for starters. They also have some good tutorials to get you started correctly from the beginning.
For your current issue, could you elaborate on the exact issue? The error message shows something you'll need to fix yourself and is not necessarily an issue with EF.
Update:
Modify the custom DbContext's constructor with following line:
Database.SetInitializer<MyDbContext>(null);

A: You should use DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges if you always want to recreate the db rather than targeting the initialdatabase migration. More on the topic on the asp.net website
In your context's constructor, e.g
public class SchoolDBContext: DbContext
    {
        public SchoolDBContext(): base("SchoolDBConnectionString")
        {
         Database.SetInitializer<SchoolDBContext>(new DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<SchoolDBContext>());
        }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Warfare History
10 Most Bizarre Duels in History
Alexander Meddings - September 25, 2017
Roughly contemporary illustration of a game of billiards. Georgian Gentlemen
Melfant and Lenfant
France again, and this time we have a case of mortal combat quite naturally arising from a game of billiards. The combatants were two men called Melfant and Lenfant (or L'enfant sauvage to his friends) who found themselves embroiled in a somewhat heated match of the popular parlor game in their home commune of Maisonfort on September 4, 1843.
Tailoring their mode of combat to fit the occasion, both men agreed that they would stand 12 paces apart in a garden and throw billiard balls at one another. But rather than hurling them simultaneously—which, you know, would have been ridiculous—they decided they would draw lots to decide on the order of play. Melfant won, and taking the red ball in his hand he warned his opponent that he would fell him with the first throw.
A man of his word, Melfant lobbed the billiard ball straight into Lenfant's forehead, fracturing his skull and killing him instantly. His victory was short-lived, however, as he was soon arrested and led away to prison.
He was tried for wilful murder but convicted, perhaps quite leniently, only of manslaughter. Nothing is known about what happened to him afterward, but if he ever left prison you'd imagine he found it difficult to find people to play billiards with.
J. Mund's artistic impression of the Burr-Hamilton Duel. Wikipedia
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton
The most famous duel fought in American history was that between Aaron Burr, Thomas Jefferson's Vice President, and former Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. There was little love lost between the two. Hamilton had unsuccessfully campaigned against Burr when running for governor of New York in 1804, and a series of vitriolic aspersions Hamilton cast on Burr's honor over the past 15 years led to the Vice President challenging Hamilton to a duel.
Hamilton held strong beliefs against dueling. Just three years before he'd lost his son to duel fought in defense of his father's honor. Nevertheless this time he agreed. The date was set to July 11, 1804, and because the penalty for dueling in New York was death, the appointed place was the dueling grounds near Weehawken, New Jersey. Inauspiciously for Hamilton, the spot wasn't far from the site of his son's death.
What happened next is a matter of controversy as both men's spotters had their backs turned so, under testimony, they could swear they'd "seen no fire". Honouring the agreement, Hamilton fired his shot into the trees above Burr's head, discharging his pistol and thereby fulfilling his duty. Burr, perhaps mistakenly believing the shot to have been a near miss, then took aim and shot Hamilton in the ribs. Hamilton collapsed, and Burr slowly and regretfully made his way towards him (suggesting aiming to kill may not have been intentional) before being led away behind an umbrella by his party.
Hamilton lay slumped, and when physician David Hosack reached him was only able to utter, "This is a mortal wound, doctor", before falling unconscious. He awoke sometime later to inform Dr. Hosack that his gun was still loaded, and should be emptied lest it causes harm, and that the present judge, Nathaniel Pendleton, knew he didn't intend to fire at Burr. He was taken to New York where he died the next day, in his friend's home and surrounded by his loved ones.
Burr was tried for murder but acquitted. Other charges led to him being arrested for treason. On the run from the law and heavily in debt, he fled to Europe where he spent most of his time in England and Scotland under aliases. Ultimately he would return to New York, but his political life was done. He lived a privately secluded life until his death on Staten Island on September 14, 1836, the day of his divorce.
You May Also Interested:
The Duel that Almost Undid the 16th President of the United States
Andrew Jackson Wins a Duel in Kentucky
Musical Duel: Beethoven vs. Steibelt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Like many towns in our area, Bear, Delaware has come a long way since its beginnings as a small rural farming area, with a growing population and clusters of homes and businesses popping up everywhere.
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That's why you'll want to turn to the best and most affordable skip hire company in Lewisham for assistance.
In today's evermore globalised economy, more and more consumers and governments alike are putting pressure on companies to develop greener and more environmentally-friendly approaches to business. The best skip for hire companies in the Lewisham area are primed and ready for this green revolution, offering clients a green approach to waste management. They ensure that any and all waste that they receive is recycled or otherwise disposed of in as green and eco-friendly a fashion as possible.
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4:1 Now when Mordecai became aware of all that had been done, he tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes. He went out into the city, crying out in a loud and bitter voice. 4:2 But he went no further than the king's gate, for no one was permitted to enter the king's gate clothed in sackcloth. 4:3 Throughout each and every province where the king's edict and law were announced there was considerable mourning among the Jews, along with fasting, weeping, and sorrow. Sackcloth and ashes were characteristic of many. 4:4 When Esther's female attendants and her eunuchs came and informed her about Mordecai's behavior, the queen was overcome with anguish. Although she sent garments for Mordecai to put on so that he could remove his sackcloth, he would not accept them. 4:5 So Esther called for Hathach, one of the king's eunuchs who had been placed at her service, and instructed him to find out the cause and reason for Mordecai's behavior. 4:6 So Hathach went to Mordecai at the plaza of the city in front of the king's gate. 4:7 Then Mordecai related to him everything that had happened to him, even the specific amount of money that Haman had offered to pay to the king's treasuries for the Jews to be destroyed. 4:8 He also gave him a written copy of the law that had been disseminated in Susa for their destruction so that he could show it to Esther and talk to her about it. He also gave instructions that she should go to the king to implore him and petition him on behalf of her people. 4:9 So Hathach returned and related Mordecai's instructions to Esther.
4:17 So Mordecai set out to do everything that Esther had instructed him.
John 10:10: The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.


Take two (2) capsules daily in divided doses with meals, or as recommended by a healthcare practitioner.
Vegetable cellulose (capsule), microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable stearate, rice flour, silica, maltodextrin, chlorophyllin.
Caution: Individuals consuming more than 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D (from diet and supplements) should periodically obtain a serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D measurement. Vitamin D supplementation is not recommended for individuals with high blood calcium levels.
When using nutritional supplements, please consult with your physician if you are undergoing treatment for a medical condition of if you are pregnant or lactating.


The crew of Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarine USS Columbus (SSN 762) was welcomed home by friends and family awaiting their return at the historic submarine piers on Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Sept. 1.
Columbus successfully completed a six-month Western Pacific deployment while conducting operations in support of national security.
About 70 percent of the crew rotated out of the Columbus following her last deployment, but that didn't stop the crew from coming together to complete the mission said Machinist Mate (Weapons) Master Chief (SS) Leonard Anderson, a native of Oakland, California and Columbus chief of the boat.
During the six-month deployment, Columbus performed three national tasking periods, two theater operation periods, and a multinational exercise. Columbus also enjoyed four port visits, including Singapore and Guam.
While on deployment Columbus traveled over 34,000 nautical miles crossing the equator twice making 135 Columbus crew members new shellbacks.
After all the Columbus accomplished on deployment, the crew was happy to be home and reflected on what made the deployment successful.
Columbus is one of the most advanced undersea vessels in the world, and its missions include deployment of special forces, minelaying, precision land attack, or anti-submarine or surface warfare while remaining undetected.
Posted on September 4, 2017 with tags US Navy, USS Columbus.


Last Saturday, two momentous events occurred.
Firstly, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a globally respected Nobel-Peace-Prize-winning international scientific institution, released a summary, vetted line-by-line by all of the world's governments, of what may be the most thoroughly researched and meticulously reviewed report ever produced in human history: its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), a 1,000-page tome six years in the making, authored and edited by 259 scientists from 39 countries, contributed to by over 600 scientists from 32 countries, reviewed by over 1,000 experts from 55 countries, all volunteering their time, citing vast mountains of evidence from over 9,000 scientific publications, drawing on petabytes of computer model data, which comprehensively documents to an unprecedented degree of certainty and precision, albeit almost certainly underestimating due to the conservative nature of the IPCC process, how fossil fuel burning and other human activities are generating heat-trapping greenhouse gases, warming the planet, disrupting the global climate, acidifying the oceans, overwhelming natural cycles, causing at an accelerating rate increasingly detectable and serious impacts on human societies and ecosystems, locking in catastrophic environmental changes that are probably irreversible for centuries, rapidly approaching extremely dangerous thresholds including feedbacks which would further amplify the warming, and ultimately threatening all of our futures unless we act now to drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions and leave most of the Earth's fossil fuels in the ground – in short, a golden opportunity for journalists to remind the public about the gravity of the situation we find ourselves in.
Secondly, the Hawthorn and Freemantle teams faced off in the Australian Football League's annual Grand Final.
I was being sarcastic a moment ago – I've never understood what all the fuss is about football. I know the game fascinates many people, but is it really more important than global warming? As Ron Weasley from Harry Potter might say, we need to sort out our priorities.
On page 5 was an ad for oil and gas industry jobs. On page 7, an ad for Origin Energy and news about a proposed freeway. On page 12, news that Obama is moving toward auctioning Arctic oil drilling rights and Canada continues to push for approval of the Keystone XL tar sands oil pipeline. On page 17, an ad for a website selling cars. And on the back page, an airline ad. And that's just a daily snapshot of the ongoing expansion of the fossil fuel economy, on the most embarrassing day for such announcements. Do people have no sense of irony?
Worse, The Age is perhaps the best of Australia's mainstream media. I haven't bothered to buy copies of the more populist newspapers, but it wouldn't surprise me if they buried the IPCC story in the back pages or failed to mention it at all. If they did mention it, I doubt the coverage was particularly positive. The Murdoch media have, as usual, run a campaign of articles manufacturing doubt about climate change science in the leadup to the release of AR5.
Australian Financial Review Weekend covered the story in a ludicrously biased way. The front page mentions climate, but only in the context of solar power. Other stories the AFR judged important enough to appear on its front page included house prices, Australia's relations with Indonesia, and the Grand Final. On page 2, wine and Labor Party factions. On page 3, an article on government plans to open up unconventional gas reserves and exploit rising gas prices to oppose anti-coal-sea-gas groups, a car ad, and the Grand Final again.
Not until page 4 did the AFR finally report the AR5, with the headline "Hunt claims vindication on carbon tax". According to Environment Minster Greg Hunt, the AR5 supports the Liberal government's plan to repeal the fixed carbon price introduced by the previous government, because international offsets would have allowed emissions to continue rising after the transition to emissions trading scheduled for 2014 or 2015. That much is true, though in my opinion it would have made more sense to fix the policy than scrap it entirely. Hunt then falsely claimed the government's proposed Emissions Reduction Fund will "ensure Australia meets the emissions reduction targets by 2020". This is false, because the Fund is voluntary and its budget is capped at an amount considered insufficient by everyone except the government, and consequently may also result in emissions going up, not down. Moreover, the government's 2020 target of a 5% reduction is pointlessly weak and in no way supported by the AR5. Hunt has since clarified that the government will neither raise the target nor introduce new measures.
The article also quoted Des Moore from the Institute for Private Enterprise (a right-wing think tank associated with the Institute for Public Affairs), who argued there is no point in Australia acting without an international agreement, which is unlikely. In reality, we cannot afford to throw up our hands, so we need to act unilaterally to help kickstart global action.
To the AFR's credit, it also included an opinion piece by Shadow Environment Minister Mark Butler criticizing the government. However, the AFR included no comment from the Greens, the only party who advocate deep emissions targets and accept the AR5's implication that most of the Earth's fossil fuels must be left in the ground to avoid dangerous climate change.
On page 6, news about the Australian government's ongoing attempts to systematically shut down climate change programs. On page 17, an allegedly neutral news article about the evils of "green tape".
On page 21, a comment piece by Mark Lawson insinuating that the IPCC is somehow part of a grand conspiracy to protect jobs in climate research, environmental lobby firms, carbon trading, green energy, and government. In reality, the IPCC does not do its own research or modelling, it has few full-time staff, its reports are simply a synthesis of scientific evidence published in peer-reviewed journals and fully referenced to original sources, authors are not paid for IPCC work and are employed by a wide variety of government and non-government scientific bodies from around the world, skeptics can and do sign up as reviewers, all communications made in the review process are logged, the IPCC process has been endorsed by independent reviews, and most governments are doing all they can to expand the fossil fuel industry so it would be in their interests to block any political activism from the IPCC. Why would the Abbott government, elected on a platform of climate deregulation, participate in a conspiracy to protect climate jobs?
Lawson went on to claim the AR5 does not satisfactorily explain the slower atmospheric warming trend of the last 15 years. In reality, this 15-year trend is not considered long enough to be scientifically meaningful, and was only mentioned in the report because of public interest. It is a cherry-picked short-term trend, no more meaningful than the 1992-2006 period which showed a much faster warming trend than average. Moreover, the atmosphere is only one part of the climate system; most of the heat from global warming goes into the oceans. What is important is the long-term trend over multiple decades and the consistent evidence of warming trends across the climate system.
Lawson is incorrect to describe the 15-year trend as a "pause" in global warming. Despite natural influences having a net cooling effect on the climate (such as an unusually low solar minimum and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation going into a cooling phase), the Earth has continued to warm (albeit the atmosphere is warming at a slower rate). The rate of warming remains within the range of model projections. It appears the increasing greenhouse effect is masking the cooling that otherwise would have occurred naturally, implying that when natural factors inevitably shift back into a warming phase, global warming will speed up. Most importantly, the heating of the oceans, the rise of the seas, and the melting of ice have not slowed – in fact they have accelerated, in the latter case faster than any model predicted.
On page 36 of the AFR, Business Council of Australia CEO Jennifer Westacott called for the Abbott government to restart the mining boom by fast-tracking fossil fuel exports through planning approvals. Fossil fuel exports are Australia's largest contribution to climate change and set to grow exponentially if present proposals are approved. On page 53, an article about the election of coal mining billionaire Clive Palmer. On page 54, Warwick McKibbin framed climate change denial and advocacy of urgent action as two "extreme views" (arguably a key aim of denialism is to enable this inane comparison). His piece reads as though from an alternate universe, claiming his two extremes "dominate the policy debate" and "the former Labor/Green Coalition government swung too far to the climate alarmist position" (presenting no evidence for these astounding statements). It's ironic that on very back page of the AFR was an article about extreme weather titled "Australia: A disaster waiting to happen".
The AFR was at it again yesterday with an article arguing the way to solve global warming is to invest in R&D, ignoring the reality that we do not have time to wait for new technologies to be invented.
Deniers have also seized on the AR5's reduced minimum estimate of climate sensitivity. It's worth noting this is based on a single piece of evidence, the aforementioned 15-year trend. The median estimate of 3°C per doubling of CO2 has not changed, and is probably an underestimate because of unmodeled amplifying feedbacks which could come into play. Even if the low estimate, 1.5°C per doubling of CO2, proves correct against all odds, under business-as-usual the Earth would still reach global temperatures not seen during the existence of the human species. And in a demonstration of the IPCC's conservatism, despite deciding to include an outlier low estimate for climate sensitivity it decided not to include outlier high estimates for sea level rise.
On a similar note, leading denier Bjorn Lomborg has cited AR5's low-end temperature projections as evidence that climate change won't be so bad. He failed to mention that those low projections are for emissions scenarios in which we urgently implement policies to rapidly cut emissions and leave most fossil carbon in the ground, the very actions which he argues against. We are tracking the highest emissions scenario, for which AR5 projects global warming of 3.2-5.4°C above preindustrial by 2100 and roughly 3-13°C by 2300.
I could go on. There have been an endless number of articles published and claims made in a storm of denialist activity around AR5. The media coverage has been similarly bad in the US and UK, with many headlines emphasizing the supposed slowdown of warming. But you get the picture. The deniers inhabit an alternate universe.
Thank you for this insightful update.


text:
Man can't remember much from being attacked in Castro; police investigating
SAN FRANCISCO (KTVU) - San Francisco police are investigating a case where an assault victim is trying to piece together what happened to him.
Tommy Castellani says he can't remember much except waking up in the hospital with severe injuries after being attacked less than a week ago in the Castro.
Castellani was found by a bus stop near the busy intersection of Castro and Market.
Police say they'll be looking at surveillance video from nearby businesses as part of their investigation.
"I just remember waking up in the hospital and them telling me my jaw was fractured in a couple of places and my nose was broken," said Castellani.
He says he underwent surgery at SF General Hospital so doctors could put titanium plates into his broken jaw," My whole face was really swollen. My face was black and blue.
Now five days later, there are still bruises.
"I don't remember what happened. I remember singing karaoke and waking up in the hospital," said Castellani.
The 45-year-old says he does remember being at The Cafe, a popular club, on Market Street.
He suspects he may have gotten into a verbal confrontation with someone.
"I had three drinks. I have a big mouth. I was hoping it wasn't some gay bashing or some random attack in the Castro," said Castellani.
"It was a disturbing scene," said Antonio Stanley who had just gotten off work at a nearby bar. He says he found his friend Castellani lying on the sidewalk.
Stanley says police officers at the scene told him it appears Castellani was beaten with his own bicycle helmet and that more than one person may have been involved.
"I don't care if there was so sort of confrontation between them. No one in the world deserves to get hurt and put into the hospital like that," said Stanley.
Police say 911 dispatch did receive several phone calls reporting a fight involving a group of people on Thursday, August 11, shortly before 2:30 a.m. as many of the area's bars and clubs were closing.
Police say investigators are still determining if the attack on Castellani was part of that incident and they're checking surveillance video.
"There are several businesses so we'll be looking at pulling that video to see if that incident was captured on video. We're also looking for witnesses," said San Francisco Police Captain Dan Perea.
Castellani says he's speaking out because he doesn't want whoever did this to him to do it to someone else.
"This is way over the top ...way over the top. You could have killed me," said Castellani.
He says nothing was taken from him so he doesn't think robbery was the motive.
Castellani says initially he thought his job as a security guard at a nearby bar may have been a factor in the attack. But, he says he can't recall any incident that would escalate into this violent attack.
He says he'll recover physically from this attack and he won't allow it to stop him from living his life.
Netflix will release a new movie every week in 2021
Pence rules out invoking 25th Amendment on Trump


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The new customer experience requires businesses to transform their people, process and technology from lead-to-cash. Delivering quotes and invoicing customers are critical steps in the quote-to-cash process.
We regularly hear from customers that they need help optimizing their quote-to-cash processes. Although, sometimes they might not know exactly what to call it.
Instead they may say things like, "I need better and more accurate quoting", "I need to reduce billing administration overhead", "I need to have a single view of my business" or "My team needs transparency when a customer has a question about billing".
They often are still using Excel, home-grown solutions or other disconnected front and back office processes and systems.
Most companies today are looking for an "all-in-one" solution for their business. It is no longer acceptable to run a business on multiple disconnected software platforms.
The solution? Salesforce CPQ + Billing can bring it all together to transform your quote-to-cash processes.
Guided selling tools available in Salesforce CPQ can help your sales team quickly search your product catalog to find the right product or combination of products. Next, rules based product selections ensure sales is always correctly bundling products with add-on warranties or services. Then, sales reps are empowered to apply pre-approved discounts or volume-based pricing to put the best pricing offer in the quote.
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Flexibility to amend or modify contracts is important. It's easy to add upgrades or other add-ons to Contracts once they are in Salesforce. Modifications like returns, swaps or cancellations are simple and easy. And for businesses using a subscription-based model, renewals can be completely automated.
Simplify order capture by generating the order directly from the quote. All of the details from the configuration and pricing and any modifications made are automatically and accurately transferred to the order. You also have the flexibility to split the quote into multiple orders or by line item. And it can all be connected to your back office system with ERP integrations.
Salesforce Billing can automatically schedule invoices based on orders. You can manage various recurring billing programs, such as trials, refunds and discounts. Integration of all current payment methods and leading payment gateways means customers are able to electronically pay invoices, reducing time from lead to cash and improving your cash flow.
With a full audit trail of every action within Salesforce, including recorded e-signature approvals, you can reduce the time and effort required to answer any customer inquiries, meaning all issues can be handled quickly and professionally.


Actually, a DUI can affect your life working in greatly. You will lose your present job and find it hard to find another job. You might unavoidably require disclosing your DUI to your present employer since you are required to appear before the court ordered classes on alcohol education during the working hours. This leads to the loss of jobs and loss of income as a result, no matter how competent you are at your job. But, if you choose a lawyer who specializes in criminal law, you will be able to prove your innocence in court. A Criminal Defense lawyer professional can fight for your rights and draw a conclusion to the case. They can be found at Lotze Mosley LLP.


text:
MSU poultry scientist recognized for research
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MISSISSIPPI STATE – A Mississippi State University poultry sciences associate professor was recognized by the National Chicken Council for his research contributions.
Alex Corzo received the council's Broiler Research Award for research work that has positively impacted the broiler industry. An eight-year veteran of the university, Corzo is a scientist with the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. His research is focused on how poultry absorb nutrients and use dietary ingredients.
"Dr. Corzo's research has a direct impact on the poultry industry because it allows them to develop feed alternatives that provide all nutrients at lower costs," said George Hopper, MAFES director.
Most recently, Corzo has examined the use of distilled dried grains with solubles, a byproduct of ethanol production, as an alternative feed ingredient for poultry. Corzo is dedicated to helping the poultry industry find efficient, nutritionally sound ways to feed chickens.
"Approximately 70 percent of the cost of raising chickens is the feed," Hopper said. "Dr. Corzo continues to look at ways to reduce these costs by finding alternative feeds. His work with distilled dried grains with solubles has found a market for what is, essentially, a waste product."
Poultry is important to the state as its No. 1 crop, generating $2.29 billion in production in 2010. Approximately 1,400 farms are in operation, mostly throughout the southern portion of the state.
Corzo earned a bachelor's degree from the Universidad de La Salle in Bogota, Colombia. He obtained a master's at Oklahoma State University and a doctoral degree at Auburn University.
In his short career, he has been invited to speak in 13 different countries, co-authored a book chapter, and written 79 peer-reviewed manuscripts. In addition to his research, Corzo teaches undergraduate and graduate courses at MSU.
The National Chicken Council is a non-profit trade association representing the U.S. chicken industry.
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https://extension.msstate.edu/news/feature-story/2011/msu-poultry-scientist-recognized-for-research


BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--AirFox, the company making mobile data and internet more affordable for millions of people, today announced it closed its $6.5 million ICO pre-sale weeks earlier than scheduled. The ICO will open at 10 a.m. ET on September 19, 2017. AirFox will use the ICO funds raised to further develop and launch its new blockchain consumer platform, AirToken (AIR), in order to tokenize mobile access by unlocking mobile capital from the smartphone for the underserved and underbanked prepaid mobile subscribers in emerging markets.


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LaLiga2Other stadiums
Number of teams: 20 (last 3 descend)
Champions League: 4 teams
Winner of league: plays for Supercopa de España with the winner Copa del Rey
1. FC Barcelona Barcelona Camp Nou 99 354
2. Real Madrid Madrid Santiago Bernabéu 81 044
3. Atlético Madrid Madrid Wanda Metropolitano 68 000
4. Real Betis Sevilla Estadio Benito Villamarín 60 720
5. Valencia CF Valencia Mestalla 55 000
6. Athletic Bilbao Bilbao San Mames Barria 53 332
7. Sevilla FC Sevilla Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán 42 500
8. Espanyol Barcelona Barcelona Estadi Cornellà-El Prat 40 500
9. Deportivo La Coruña La Coruňa Municipal de Riazor 34 600
10. Celta Vigo Vigo Estadio Balaídos 32 500
11. Real Sociedad San Sebastián Estadio Anoeta 32 076
12. UD Las Palmas Las Palmas Estadio Gran Canaria 31 250
13. Málaga CF Málaga La Rosaleda 30 044
14. Levante UD Valencia Ciudad de Valencia 25 354
15. Villarreal CF Villarreal El Madrigal 23 000
16. Deportivo Alavés Vitoria-Gasteiz Estadio de Mendizorroza 19 840
17. Getafe CF Getafe Coliseum Alfonso Perez 17 300
18. Girona FC Gerona Municipal de Montilivi 9 286
19. Leganés Leganés Estadio Municipal de Butarque 8 138
20. SD Eibar Eibar Estadio Municipal de Ipurua 6 285
Modernization of the Sevilla FC stadium done in three stages
Sevilla - Estadio R. S. Pizjuán
02.11.2016: In 2015 the Sevilla FC stadium - Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán - underwent major modernization. Even though the stadium does not resemble modern arenas, which are being built nowadays, the renovation did improve the stadium facilities. Architects of new arenas typically deal with retractable roofs or moveable pitches, whereas the owners of the Andalusian club had different plans, given their financial possibilities. It was only the main stand that was covered by roof prior the modernization and this has not changed after it.
Remembering the former stadium of Barcelona - Les Corts
Les Corts (1922 - 1957)12.05.2016: Camp de Les Corts was the home ground of FC Barcelona from 1922 to 1957, when the club moved to the Camp Nou, where they have been playing ever since. During the first ten years of its existence the Spanish club was moving from one place to another. They have finally settled at Camp del Carrer Indústria in 1909. As they were enjoying more and more success and were drawing a greater number of supporters the club decided to build a new stadium – Les Corts.
Atlético Madrid is to move to a new stadium in 2017
Madrid - Estadio La Peineta01.05.2016: Estadio La Peineta, originally planned to provide venue for the Olympics, will become the new home ground of Atlético Madrid in 2017. A new, giant arena, which will have a capacity of 74,000 seats, is now being built at the site of the original athletics stadium. Only the frame of the main stand of the original stadium will remain at the new one. The original Estadio la Peineta, built in 1994, was supposed to be the main venue for the 2016 summer Olympics, or the 2020 summer Olympics. However, in neither year Spain was awarded the Olympics. The 2016 Olympics will take place in Brazil and the 2020 Olympics were awarded to Japan.
Stylish stands at Mestalla in Valencia
Valencia - Mestalla14.04.2016: The symbol of the city of Valencia is a bat, and a bat is also to be found in the crests of Valencia CF and Levante UD respectively, both playing in the Spanish 1st league. And since its last modernization in 2014, a bat has also been a part of the Valencia stadium. On that occasion, Estadio Mestalla was covered with new, mostly orange seats and all over the East Stand black seats create the image of a bat, with white letters V C F in the middle.
The new San Mamés is the pride of the Basque Country
Bilbao - San Mamés Barria29.03.2016: REMINDER | Estadio San Mamés, the home ground of the Spanish club Athletic Bilbao, can be seen in all its splendour from September 2014. Figuratively speaking, it is a grandson of the old stadium of the same name, where the club had played their home matches for nearly a hundred years. Unfortunately, the old stadium could not offer such comfort as modern stadiums can. The new San Mamés is a truly worthy successor to the old one. The project to build a new stadium for one of the most successful clubs in the history of Spanish league was approved in March 2006.
The future of Valencia's Mestalla still uncertain
Valencia - Nou Mestalla15.12.2014: The new Valencia owner, Singapore billionaire Peter Lim, has withdrawn a previously made statement about the completion of construction of Nou Mestalla, which is again far from being finished. At present, the Spanish club are facing enormous financial problems, so the new Mestalla has stopped being a priority. When will Valencia fans watch matches at a new stadium? They have been waiting for it for seven long years and it seems that they will wait for at least five more years, having only a stadium under construction to pass by.
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Marco de Jong has been named the Arts Student of the Year by the Auckland University Arts Students' Association. Art movements that had this goal— Dadaism , Surrealism , Russian constructivism , and Abstract Expressionism , among others—are collectively referred to as the avante-garde arts. CC grants encourage arts education, folk arts, and local arts development in Wisconsin. For me, one of the most noticeable pieces of clothing that affect my movement and comfort are pants. ARTS enables rapid project changes and short project times to be realized without compromising quality or quantity.


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The hunger tony scott music
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L'élevage canin est l'activité agricole de conduite de la reproduction de l'espèce Canis lupus familiaris ou chien en vue de la production et de la commercialisation de chiots. L'élevage de chiens doit être pratiqué avec des chiens de race afin de faire du LOF.

Un éleveur de chiens de race tend à ce que les chiens produits se rapprochent le plus possible du standard de la race qu'il élève. Il vise également à augmenter la qualité de sa production en faisant réaliser des contrôles vétérinaires sur ses reproducteurs.

En France, est considéré comme élevage canin, l'activité qui consiste à détenir une femelle reproductrice et donnant lieu à la vente d'au moins un chiot depuis .

Description

Les éleveurs de chiens inscrits à un livre généalogique et titulaires d'un affixe doivent respecter les consignes des associations nationales ou internationales qui édictent des standards et des recommandations d'élevage.

Les animaux produits peuvent avoir plusieurs destinations et peuvent être produits comme :
 chien de compagnie
 pour l'agrément et la compagnie
 pour le loisir sportif ou des sports canins : agility, canicross, canicyclocross, flyball, mondioring, obéissance, obérytmée, traîneau, pulka, poursuite sur leurre, racing, etc
 chien d'utilité
 pour l'utilisation : recherche en décombres, travail à l'eau (sauvetage), recherche de stupéfiants, recherche de matières explosives, pistage, cavage, etc
 pour le travail : attaque, défense, guerre, guide d'aveugle, assistance aux personnes dépendantes, etc
 chien reproducteur
 pour la reproduction chez d'autres éleveurs

 chien de laboratoire

L'éleveur peut faire réaliser des examens cliniques et génétiques afin de s'assurer de la conformité de sa production en termes de garantie de la santé des chiots produits et pour éviter qu'une maladie génétique ou "tare" se propage parmi les sujets de la race.

En France : installation classée pour la protection de l'environnement

Selon la législation française, les élevages de chiens, à l'exclusion des établissements de soins et de toilettage et des rassemblements occasionnels tels que foires, expositions et démonstrations canines, sont des installations classées pour la protection de l'environnement (ICPE). En effet, ce type d'installation est concerné par la rubrique 2120 de la nomenclature des installations classées () :
 Les installations ayant plus de 250 chiens âgés de plus de 4 mois sont soumises à autorisation préfectorale.
 Les installations ayant de 101 à 250 chiens âgés de plus de 4 mois sont soumises à enregistrement.
 Les installations ayant de 10 à 100 chiens âgés de plus de 4 mois doivent être déclarées.

Les autorisations ou les enregistrements sont délivrées sous la forme d'arrêtés préfectoraux afin d'imposer aux exploitants le respect d'un certain nombre de prescriptions techniques permettant de limiter leurs impacts environnementaux, notamment les prescriptions techniques d'un arrêté ministériel daté du  ou celles d'un arrêté ministériel daté du .

Afin de limiter leur impacts environnementaux, les exploitants des installations soumises à déclaration doivent quant à eux respecter les prescriptions techniques d'un autre arrêté ministériel daté également du .

L'instruction des demandes d'autorisation et d'enregistrement ainsi que le contrôle du respect des prescriptions techniques par les exploitants sont réalisés par l'inspection des installations classées.

Équipements nécessaires

En ce qui concerne l'installation d'un chenil, la loi fixe les normes minimales :
 de ventilation (renouvellement d'air de  cubes par heure pour un chien de grande taille, de  cubes par heure pour un chien de petite taille) ;
 de chauffage (température supérieure à  l'hiver et absence de condensation) ;
 de conservation des aliments ;
 d'abreuvement (prévoir un système d'adduction d'eau potable protégé contre le gel) ;
 de nettoyage, désinfection, désodorisation, désinsectisation et dératisation des chenils ;
 d'isolation sonore et thermique.

L'hygiène du chenil est également réglementée par la loi, notamment en ce qui concerne l'obligation de disposer d'une infirmerie séparée interdite au public (ou, dans le cas contraire, de faire hospitaliser les animaux malades chez le vétérinaire).

Confort minimal
L'arrêté ministériel du  précise quant à lui les conditions minimales de confort à respecter pour l'élevage, la garde et la détention des animaux domestiques. Il s'applique à tous les détenteurs d'animaux de compagnie, le non-respect de ces exigences étant désormais assimilable à de mauvais traitements. Il rappelle notamment que tout propriétaire et, a fortiori, tout éleveur, est tenu de fournir à ses chiens alimentation, abreuvement et soins de santé compatibles avec leur bien-être et les impératifs biologiques de leur espèce.

Il précise les conditions d'hébergement :

 chaque chien doit disposer d'une surface minimale de  et avoir accès à des zones ombragées ;
 la clôture périmétrique doit être haute de plus de  ; le sol sera fait de matériaux durs et présentera une pente d'évacuation s'il est imperméable ;
 les murs et cloisons seront recouverts de matériaux imperméables, durs, résistants aux chocs et à surface lisse sur une hauteur minimale de  ;
 l'aire de couchage doit être saine, sèche et sous abri pour les chiens détenus en plein air ;
 la niche doit être étanche, protégée des vents, de la chaleur et du froid par des matériaux isolants, surélevée du sol et orientée vers le sud ;
 l'entrée de la niche doit être constituée d'une surface imperméable d'au moins  ou d'un caillebotis.

Les chenils détenant des animaux destinés aux laboratoires font l'objet d'une réglementation particulière et plus stricte concernant les systèmes de ventilation et de surveillance ainsi que le personnel et sa formation (arrêté ministériel du  fixant les conditions d'agrément, d'aménagement et de fonctionnement des établissements utilisateurs, éleveurs ou fournisseurs d'animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques et leurs contrôles).

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Annexes

Articles connexes

 Chiot, Chien, Vieillesse du chien
 Canis lupus
 Chien domestique (Domestication)
 Bâtard
 Chien sauvage et Chien paria
 Bien-être animal
 Identité : Société d'Identification Électronique Vétérinaire (identification canine par carte)
 Alimentation : Gamelle, Nourriture pour chien
 Jeux : Jouet pour chien, Sifflet à chien
 Promenades : Promeneur de chien, Laisse à enrouleur
 Santé : Santé du chien, Vétérinaire et Comportementaliste
 Amélioration des Races :
 Fédération cynologique internationale : approches, techniques, philosophies et divers outils utilisés pour la sélection des races canines ainsi que pour l'entraînement et l'éducation des chiens.
 Société centrale canine (amélioration des races de chiens en France)
 Certificat d'Études Techniques de l'Animal de Compagnie option « chien » : cours à l'attention des éleveurs et futurs éleveurs canins, l'examen final peut permettre l'obtention du certificat de capacité, obligatoire pour les personnes vendant plus d'une portée par an (en France).
 Cynologie et Liste des races de chiens

Liens externes
 Site de la Fédération Cynologique Internationale
 Les écoles du chiot
 Vidéo sur l'apprentissage à l'école du chiot

Installation classée pour la protection de l'environnement
Éleveur de chien

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Earn $1,000 Just for Drinking Coffee? There's a Catch
A marketing campaign aimed at coffee consumers promises to give $1,000 to a person who refrains for a month from buying from "corporate coffee shops" and instead visits only local coffee shops.
The 'World's Longest Hair Competition'
Women from Lithuania competed for a title of who had the longest hair. The winner got an all-expenses-paid trip to the European Parliament in Strasbourg or Brussels.
Gerber Launches Search for 2019 Spokesbaby
Gerber has opened its search for its 2019 spokesbaby. Parents and legal guardians of children between 1 and 4 years old can enter the contest by posting a recent photo of their baby on Instagram with the hashtag #GerberPhotoSearch2018. Submissions will be accepted until Oct. 20.
Drake University Crowns 'Most Beautiful Bulldog'
See who won hearts – and the crown – at Drake University's 38th "Beautiful Bulldog Contest."
NBC/WSJ Polls: Clinton Leads Trump in New Hampshire; Tied in Nevada
Democrat Hillary Clinton has jumped out to a nine-point lead in the battleground state of New Hampshire, while she's tied with Republican Donald Trump in Nevada, according to two new NBC News/Wall Street Journal/Marist polls. In New Hampshire, Clinton gets the support of 45 percent of likely voters, and Trump gets 36 percent. Libertarian Gary Johnson is at 10 percent...
Clinton, Trump Go On Swing-State Campaign Blitz
Donald Trump campaigned Friday in North Carolina and Pennsylvania while Hillary Clinton was in Ohio. With the election less than 3 weeks away, the candidates are battling it out for the key swing-states. NBC News' Brian Mooar reports.
Gaston of "Beauty and the Beast" Wows in Push-Up Contest
An epic "Beauty and the Beast" character push-up contest was captured on video by a tourist at Disney World on Jan. 2. "He looks like he's struggling," Gaston says as he's cheered on by onlookers. The video was posted to YouTube and has 2 million views and counting. Watch the movie character Gaston in action on Today.com.
Longwood Gardens Boasts 'Best Restroom' in America
Looking for the best public restroom in the country? Look no further than Chester County's Longwood Gardens.


This page displays sold house prices for Patrick Road in Reading.
Patrick Road in Caversham, Reading consists predominantly of terraced houses. Properties on Patrick Road typically have values around £350,000 - £450,000, with larger terraced houses and townhouses valued at around £500,000.
Map showing Patrick Road in Reading.


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NGI The Weekly Gas Market Report | Earnings | Infrastructure | NGI All News Access
4Q2019 Earnings: Southern Company's Future Riding on Natural Gas, Nukes and Renewables, CEO Says
Atlanta-based Southern Co. sees natural gas providing a U.S. energy bridge stretching beyond 2050, combined with a growing portfolio of both nuclear and renewable resources.
Southern retired 2,000 MW of coal-fired generation in 2019 while growing renewables to more than 12% of its power sources, CEO Tom Fanning said during a conference call with analysts Thursday. While reducing its revenues from coal-fired generation to 14% of overall revenues, Southern reduced its carbon footprint 44% from 2007, he said.
Natural gas remains part of the Southern strategy, although Fanning is lukewarm toward major new gas pipeline projects because of the current societal noise surrounding environmental concerns and anti-fossil fuel movements.
"We participated in a gas pipeline with Kinder Morgan and got a really good outcome there, and we have done some other things around the margins," said Fanning, who sees two issues to consider when planning new pipeline projects. "One is the environmental pushback, which is tough, and the other is the long-term question about natural gas in the system.
"We absolutely believe in gas. I used to say when we bought Nicor that natural gas was the bridge to 2050, and now I really believe gas will go beyond 2050. In order to achieve low to no, or net zero, carbon by 2050 we are going to have to find a way to keep gas in play and deal with the carbon additives, given how cheap and plentiful it is."
Southern helps run national and international research centers for coal capture and sequestration with a focus on coal, but Fanning thinks in the future the focus will shift to natural gas as well.
Southern has been successful in a number of smaller gas pipeline lateral additions to existing pipelines important to the company's generation mix, according to CFO Drew Evans. "We're really pleased with those investments, and see them as important pieces of our infrastructure," he said.
Gas holdings in Southern's utility portfolio in the Midwest and Southeast are increasing their net rate base 10% annually for gas, compared to 5% annually for the electrics, mostly through modernization of distribution and transmission systems, Evans said.
Southern reported 4Q2019 earnings of $440 million (42 cents/share), compared with $278 million (27 cents) for the same period in 2018. For full-year 2019, earnings were $4.74 billion ($4.53), compared with $2.23 billion ($2.18) in 2018.
ISSN © 1532-1231 | ISSN © 2577-9877 | ISSN © 1532-1266 |
Related topics: Coal Coal-Fired Evans Fanning Southern


The Department of State's first chief special agent, Joseph "Bill" Nye, served from 1917 to 1920.
Just over a century ago, in 1916, then-U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing created the Department of State's first security office in recognition of the fact that the United States was transforming into a global power during the World War I era. Secretary Lansing referred to his security team as the Secret Intelligence Bureau, a lofty name for a single Foreign Service officer overseeing a handful of federal investigators on loan from the U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Post Office Department.
The new office's mission was to prepare classified security reports and investigate covert activities within the United States such as espionage, passport fraud and sabotage of U.S. industry and transportation by the European powers then engaged in World War I.
In early 1917, as the United States prepared to enter the war, Congress granted the State Department legal authority to hire its own federal agents. Secretary Lansing then took the next step toward creating a security service: he appointed the department's first chief special agent, a former Secret Service investigator named Joseph M. Nye.
Over the following decades, those earliest beginnings—a handful of investigators primarily based in New York—evolved into the Diplomatic Security Service.
Today, DSS is an integral part of the State Department, serving as its security and law enforcement arm. The men and women of DSS facilitate our work not only in Washington, D.C., and New York City, but in 29 other U.S. cities and at 275 U.S. diplomatic missions worldwide. DS personnel include more than 2,000 special agents, 220 security engineering officers, 160 security technical specialists, 100 diplomatic couriers, 120 Navy Seabees, 1,000 uniformed protective officers and guards, and more than 37,000 foreign guard and surveillance detection personnel.
We protect people, property and information. We are members of the Foreign Service, and we take seriously the fact that we live and work with those we enable and protect. DSS special agents, security engineers, diplomatic couriers and others risk their lives to provide a secure environment for the conduct of American diplomacy.
We are members of the Foreign Service, and we take seriously the fact that we live and work with those we enable and protect.
We've been using the phrase "a tradition of vigilance" to mark our centennial. Vigilance means more than just keeping our eyes open. Ideally, we are not just watchful or simply observant. We have to be ready to take action, often in dangerous or fast-evolving situations that directly threaten the safety of Americans. As the people who represent our nation conduct their essential work throughout the world, we know that danger could strike at any time. We expect it. We prepare for it. We plan for it and equip ourselves for it.
Over the past decade and a half, DSS has protected American diplomacy in increasingly challenging environments. We have supported frontline diplomacy in Iraq and Afghanistan, responded to the upheavals of the Arab Spring, coordinated multiple evacuations, and experienced scores of attacks on our embassies and missions—far too many of them deadly. Since the 9/11 terror attacks, there have been more than 290 significant attacks against U.S. diplomatic facilities and personnel. In that time, more than 90 security professionals—Americans and our foreign partners—have lost their lives protecting American diplomats.
In this photo taken during the early 1960s, Director of Security John Reilly (right) holds the cavity resonator listening device found a decade earlier inside a carved wooden image of the Great Seal of the United States that had been presented by Soviet officials to the U.S. ambassador to the USSR in 1948.
An unidentified special agent points to where the bug had been placed in the carving. Joseph Bezjian, an Office of Security technical officer, discovered the bug with the aid of Ambassador George Kennan in 1952.
Every U.S. diplomatic mission in the world operates under a security program designed and maintained by the Diplomatic Security Service. DS personnel protect the Secretary of State wherever he or she may be, as well as foreign ministers and other high-ranking dignitaries visiting the United States. We also protect American athletes at international sporting events. We investigate passport and visa fraud and monitor insider threats and cybersecurity, as well as cyber infrastructure.
As DS meets the evolving security needs of the Department of State, the challenge of finding and vetting high-caliber personnel also increases. Each year, DS investigators conduct more than 30,000 background security clearance investigations for U.S. government employees.
In addition to state-of-the-art training for our own DS personnel to be leaders in their fields, every year we also train thousands of other members of the U.S. Foreign Service. As we have learned over past decades, and continue to learn, security is not just the responsibility of a few elite special agents. Soon every member of the Foreign Service heading overseas will receive some level of DS training. Recent attacks in the United States and Europe drive home the fact that even locations traditionally thought "safe" carry an inherent level of risk in the modern world of globally connected extremist groups.
Not that many years ago, being a DSS special agent meant wearing a suit and earpiece while discreetly carrying a weapon. But times and threats change. Today DSS operates on tactical, operational and strategic levels that were unimaginable a generation ago.
Tactically, we're located at U.S. embassies and missions around the world; in our domestic field offices, resident offices and headquarters; and as liaisons across federal agencies. Operationally, we have a presence within FBI field offices, joint counterterrorism task forces, the National Counterterrorism Center, Department of Defense geographic combatant command headquarters, the Joint Interagency Task Force and Special Operations Command. At the strategic level, we have a presence in and regular interaction with the National Security Council, FBI headquarters, the Joint Staff and the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
Over the decades, we have developed security partnerships across the Defense Department, throughout federal agencies and, significantly, with literally hundreds of international organizations and foreign governments. Not just office calls, these are deep, multigenerational relationships around the globe, where DSS special agents and subject-matter experts work side by side with counterparts, rolling up their sleeves and doing the tough, critical business of security.
Using the latest advances in technology, including personnel emergency tracking devices, remote monitoring of U.S. diplomatic facilities and other communications systems, the DS Command Center is a critical component during the planning and execution of national security missions overseas. The Command Center serves as the conduit of information to the bureau, enabling it to make timely and well-informed decisions.
We also have long recognized that those who target the United States overseas do not focus exclusively on the U.S. government. American businesses and private-sector groups also work in dangerous environments. For more than three decades, Diplomatic Security's Overseas Security Advisory Council has worked closely around the globe with the U.S. private sector—companies, non-governmental groups, faith-based organizations and academics—on real-time threat reporting, sharing information and in-depth security assessments.
Although there is no way to definitively know what threats we might face, from what actors, or even where such attacks might unfold, DS is prepared to be at the forefront of protecting Americans and American interests wherever they are challenged, just as we have done for the past century.
Senior Foreign Service Officer Bill A. Miller was appointed principal deputy assistant secretary for Diplomatic Security and director of the Diplomatic Security Service in April 2014, following an assignment as deputy assistant secretary for high-threat posts in the Bureau of Diplomatic Security. On Jan. 20, he became acting assistant secretary for Diplomatic Security, upon the departure of Greg Starr.
A member of the DSS since 1987, Miller has also served in Cairo, Baghdad, Islamabad, Jerusalem and Manila. Prior to joining the Foreign Service as a DSS special agent, Miller served as a U.S. Marine infantry officer. He was honored as the 2004 Diplomatic Security Service Employee of the Year for his service in Iraq. Miller is a recipient of the Department of State's Award for Valor, several Superior Honor Awards, the Department of Defense Joint Civilian Service Commendation Award and the Marine Security Guard Battalion's award as RSO of the Year.
The U.S. Department of State has had a security office, including special agents, for more than a century. The Bureau of Diplomatic Security (DS) and the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) however, were both created in 1985 and codified under U.S. law in the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986.
Ever since, there has been significant overlap and confusion about the difference between DS and DSS.
In the simplest terms, a Senate-confirmed assistant secretary of State heads the State Department's Bureau of Diplomatic Security. The bureau is responsible for overseeing State Department law enforcement, security and protection programs abroad and at home. DS also works with policymakers on diplomatic security matters, including responding to queries from Congress.
DSS, by comparison, is the day-to-day law enforcement and security operation within DS. Under the 1986 omnibus law, DSS must be headed by a career Senior Foreign Service or Senior Executive Service officer with demonstrated experience in security, law enforcement and public administration. The director of DSS also serves as principal deputy assistant secretary of State for DS, and is responsible for recruiting and overseeing the State Department's special agents, security engineering officers, security technical specialists, diplomatic couriers and numerous other security professionals and support personnel.
In other words, DS promotes the mission, while DSS are the people who carry out that mission.
As the law enforcement and security arm of the U.S. Department of State, DS is responsible for providing a safe and secure environment for the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. As a federal law enforcement organization, DSS implements the State Department's worldwide law enforcement and protective security mission.
In common usage, and in the conduct of diplomacy, there is no hard and clear line separating the two. Trying to define the boundaries of that line has, over the past three decades, led to many animated and passionate discussions among Diplomatic Security professionals and our numerous federal and international partners. We are all proud members of DS.


The Yellowstone Insider calls it a miserable existence.
Some 100 bison have been quarantined for up to four years after wandering out of Yellowstone National Park. It was feared they carried brucellosis, a disease carried by bison and elk that can cause cows and cattle to become ill and miscarry. The state of Montana and cattle ranchers worry the bison will infect their herds.
Science and the ranchers differ. While ranchers claim a bison connection, research suggests it's very unlikely that bison can transit brucellosis to cattle. The more likely suspect is elk. But it's harder to slaughter elk: there's almost 10,000 of them, and they are less manageable than bison.
Montana is still looking for a home for the captive bison separated from their Yellowstone herd. Potential new homes include a ranch owned by Ted Turner, American Indian tribal land at Fort Belknap, and several zoos across the country.