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Corporate-Wide Settlement Agreements - Publication Date
Ashley Furniture Industries, Inc. - 06/08/2016
•Standard Number(s)
1953.23(a)
IN THE UNITED STATES OF APPEALS
MAX EUBANK ROOFING COMPANY, INC. and THE
NATIONAL ROOFING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION,
Petitioners,
v.                                                              No. 94-40793
THE UNITED STATES THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ADMINISTRATION,
BELDON ROOFING AND REMODELING CO.,
Petitioner,
THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,
BRUTON/GOMEZ & COMPANY, INC.,
LYDICK-HOOKS ROOFING OF LUBBOCK, INC.,
JOHNSON ROOFING COMPANY, INC.,
The Petitioners in the above-captioned cases have sought judicial review of a revised asbestos standard for construction work issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) on August 10, 1994. 59 Fed. Reg. 40964, to be codified at 29 C.F.R. 1926.1101. In addition, the National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), on behalf of its members, has filed an application with OSHA asking that the agency reconsider certain aspects of the revised standard insofar as that standard applies to roofing work. NRCA's application represents the interests of all of the petitioners in these cases.
OSHA has reevaluated the rulemaking record and has determined that certain provisions of the revised standard should be changed and that other provisions should be clarified. Accordingly, in order to resolve the issues raised by these petitions and by NRCA's application for reconsideration, the parties to these cases hereby agree to the following terms and conditions.
1. A new paragraph 1101(g)(11) will be added to the standard to read as follows:
(11) - Alternative methods of compliance for installation, removal, repair, and maintenance of certain roofing materials. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer who complies with all provisions of this paragraph (g)(11) when installing, removing, repairing, or maintaining intact roof cements, mastics, coatings, or flashings which contain asbestos fibers encapsulated or coated by bituminous or resinous compounds shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. If an employer does not comply with all provisions of this paragraph, or if during the course of the job the material does not remain intact, the provisions of paragraph (g)(8) apply instead of this paragraph.
(i) Before work begins and as needed during the job, a competent person who is capable of identifying asbestos hazards in the workplace and selecting the appropriate control strategy for asbestos exposure, and who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate such hazards, shall conduct an inspection of the worksite and determine that the roofing material is intact and will likely remain intact.
(ii) All employees performing work covered by this paragraph (g)(11) shall be trained in a training program that meets the requirements of paragraph (k)(8)(vi) of this section.
(iii) The material shall not be sanded, abraded, or ground. Manual methods which do not render the material non-intact shall be used.
(iv) Material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall be lowered to the ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist. All such material shall be removed from the roof as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift.
(v) Where roofing products which have been labeled as containing asbestos pursuant to paragraph (k)(7) of this section are installed on non-residential roofs during operations covered by this paragraph (g)(11), the employer shall notify the building owner of the presence and location of such materials no later than the end of the job.
2. Paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(E) will be amended to read as follows:
Asbestos-containing material that has been removed from a roof shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground. Unless the material is carried or passed to the ground by hand, it shall be lowered to the ground via covered, dust-tight chute, crane or hoist:
(1) Any ACM that is not intact shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift. While the material remains on the roof it shall either be kept wet, placed in an impermeable waste bag, or wrapped in plastic sheeting.
(2) Intact ACM shall be lowered to the ground as soon as is practicable, but in any event no later than the end of the work shift.
3. Paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(D) will be amended to read as follows:
When removing built-up roofs with asbestos-containing roofing felts and an aggregate surface using a power roof cutter, all dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected by a HEPA dust collector, or shall be HEPA vacuumed by vacuuming along the cut line. When removing built-up roofs with asbestos-containing roofing felts and a smooth surface using a power roof cutter, the dust resulting from the cutting operation shall be collected either by a HEPA dust collector or HEPA vacuuming along the cut line, or by gently sweeping and then carefully and completely wiping up the still-wet dust and debris left along the cut line. The dust and debris shall be immediately bagged or placed in covered containers.
4. In order to comply with the requirement of paragraph 1101(g)(1)(i) for HEPA vacuuming, employers shall collect dust and debris using a HEPA vacuum where the source of the dust and debris is accessible and non-intact ACM. The accumulation of dust and debris on a built-up roof does not require HEPA vacuuming under paragraph 1101(g)(1)(i) in the absence of any indication that non-intact ACM is the source of the dust and debris. Similarly, the prohibition against dry clean-up of dust and debris containing ACM and PACM in paragraph 1101(g)(3)(iii) only applies when the source of the dust and debris is accessible and non-intact ACM.
5. Paragraph 1101(g)(1)(i) will be amended to read as follows:
Vacuum cleaners equipped with HEPA filters to collect all debris and dust containing ACM and PACM, except as provided in paragraph (g)(8)(ii) of this section in the case of roofing material.
6. The requirement of paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(B) that wet methods be used where feasible does not require ACM on sloped roofs to be wetted when the competent person determines that wetting the shingles would create slipping and falling hazards.
7. Paragraph 1101(h)(1)(iii) will be amended to read as follows.
During all Class II and III work which is not performed using wet methods, provided, however, that respirators need not be worn during removal of ACM from sloped roofs when a negative exposure assessment has been made and the ACM is removed in an intact state.
8. A new paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(H) reading as follows will be added:
Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, removal or repair of sections of intact roofing less than 25 square feet in area does not require use of wet methods or HEPA vacuuming as long as manual methods which do not render the material non-intact are used to remove the material and no visible dust is created by the removal method used. In determining whether a job involves less than 25 square feet, the employer shall include all removal and repair work performed on the same roof on the same day.
9. Paragraph 1101(f)(2)(ii) will be amended to read as follows:
Basis of Initial Exposure Assessment: Unless a negative exposure assessment has been made pursuant to paragraph (f)(2)(iii) of this section, the initial exposure assessment shall, if feasible, be based on monitoring conducted pursuant to paragraph (f)(1)(iii) of this section. The assessment shall take into consideration both the monitoring results and all observations, information or calculations which indicate employee exposure to asbestos, including any previous monitoring conducted in the workplace, or of the operations of the employer which indicate the levels of airborne asbestos likely to be encountered on the job. For Class I asbestos work, until the employer conducts exposure monitoring and documents that employees on that job will not be exposed in excess of the PELs, or otherwise makes a negative exposure assessment pursuant to paragraph (f)(2)(iii) of this section, the employer shall presume that employees are exposed in excess of the TWA and excursion limit.
10. Paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(B) will be amended to read as follows:
Wet methods shall be used to remove roofing materials that are not intact, or that will be rendered not intact during removal, unless such wet methods are not feasible or will create safety hazards.
11. Paragraph 1101(g)(1)(ii) will be amended to read as follows:
Wet methods, or wetting agents, to control employee exposures during asbestos handling, mixing, removal, cutting, application, and cleanup, except where employers demonstrate that the use of wet methods is infeasible due to, for example, the creation of electrical hazards, equipment malfunction and, in roofing, except as provided in paragraph (g)(8)(ii) of this section; and
12. Paragraph 1101(g)(1)(iii) will be amended to read as follows:
Prompt clean-up and disposal of waste and debris contaminated with asbestos in leak-tight containers, except in roofing operations, where the procedures specified in paragraph (g)(8)(ii) apply.
13. The introductory sentence of paragraph 1101(g)(8)(iii) will be amended to read as follows:
When removing cementitious asbestos-containing siding and shingles or transite panels containing ACM on building exteriors (other than roofs, where paragraph (g)(8)(ii) of this section applies) the employer shall ensure that the following work practices are followed:
14. Paragraph 1101(k)(8)(vi) will be amended to read as follows:
The training program shall be conducted in a manner that the employee is able to understand. In addition to the content required by provisions in paragraphs (k)(8)(iii)-(v) where applicable, the employer shall ensure that each employee is informed of the following:
15. Paragraph 1101(k)(6)(ii) will be amended to read as follows:
The warning signs required by (k)(6) of this section shall bear the following information.
CANCER AND LUNG DISEASE HAZARD
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
In addition, where the use of respirators and protective clothing is required in the regulated area under this section, the warning signs shall include the following.
RESPIRATORS AND PROTECTIVE
CLOTHING ARE REQUIRED IN THIS AREA
16. Negative Exposure Assessment: The asbestos rulemaking record contains many personal breathing zone and area samples collected pursuant to OSHA's 1986 asbestos standard showing worker exposures during removal from roofs of built-up roofing (BUR) containing asbestos felts, asbestos-cement (A/C) shingles, and asbestos-containing transite panels. Some of these data are summarized in a document entitled "'Objective Data' Demonstration for Certain Roofing Materials and Operations Under OSHA's 1994 Asbestos standard," submitted by NRCA on December 14, 1994 (hereinafter referred to as the "NRCA Objective Data Demonstration"). The data also are representative of other roofing materials, such as asbestos-containing asphalt shingles and asphalt felt underlayments. These data consistently show exposures below the TWA and excursion limits specified in the revised standard. The data were collected by a number of different roofing contractors and represent a range of variables that can affect exposure levels during roof removals, including asbestos content of the material, the climatic conditions to which the material was exposed over its lifetime, and the age of the material. Moreover, because the 1986 standard did not mandate that roofing removal work be conducted in accord with specific work practices intended to minimize the concentration of airborne asbestos, the monitoring data collected under that standard should generally reflect higher asbestos exposures than are likely to occur when the work practices required under the revised standard are followed.
OSHA concludes that the monitoring data in the rulemaking record, including the data summarized in the NRCA Objective Data Demonstration, show that employee exposures during roof removal work will consistently be below the TWA and excursion limit when proper work practices are followed during removal of intact asbestos-containing roofing material. Accordingly, without determining whether the data meet the criteria for "objective data" in paragraph 1101(f)(2)(iii)(A), OSHA concludes that employers may rely on the data in the rulemaking record to make negative exposure assessments for roof removal, repair, and maintenance operations when: (1) the removal practices strictly adhere to the work practices required by the provisions of 1101(g)(8)(ii), as amended and interpreted by this agreement; (2) all workers engaged in the removal are trained in accordance with the provisions of 1101(k)(8); and (3) before removal begins, a competent person assesses the job and determines that the roofing material is "intact" within the meaning of 1101(b) (see Appendix A, Section 6 of this Agreement).
An OSHA compliance officer may determine that a negative exposure assessment is not justified if the required work practices are not being followed or if the employees performing the removal work are not trained in accordance with the standard. Moreover, if OSHA field data or other information, weighed against the data in the rulemaking record, show that exposures during particular roof removal operations in which the required work practices are used are likely to exceed the TWA or excursion limit, OSHA reserves the right to reconsider, after providing NRCA an opportunity to comment on such field data or other information, whether roofing contractors can continue to make negative exposure assessments for such particular roof removal operations based solely on the data in the rulemaking record.
17. Paragraph 1101(1)(2) will be amended to read as follows:
Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equipment, and contaminated clothing consigned for disposal shall be collected and disposed of in sealed, labeled, impermeable bags or other closed, labeled, impermeable containers, except in roofing operations, where the procedures specified in paragraph (g)(8)(ii) apply.
18. The requirement of paragraph 1101(g)(7)(iii) that impermeable dropcloths be placed on surfaces beneath all removal activity does not apply to the removal of asbestos containing roofing material from a solid substrate underneath the material.
19. The reference in paragraph 1101(g)(7)(iv) to "paragraph (g)(3)(i) through (v)" will be corrected to read "paragraph (g)(1)(i) through (iii)," and the reference in paragraph 1101(o)(3) to "paragraph (p)(3)(i) and (ii)" will be corrected to read "paragraph (o)(3)(i)."
20. The amendments and additions to the language of the standard contained in this agreement shall be published in the Federal Register as soon as practicable as part of a document containing general corrections and clarifications to the standard. The amendments and additions shall become effective immediately upon publication in the Federal Register. Before publication, employers engaged in roofing work may rely on the provisions of this agreement as an expression of OSHA's enforcement policy, and OSHA will not issue citations to any employer who is acting in accordance with this agreement.
21. The statements in Appendices A and B to this agreement accurately reflect the meaning of the standard insofar as roofing operations are concerned. The interpretations set forth in Appendix A shall be published in the preamble of the Federal Register notice described in paragraph 20 of this agreement. The interpretations described in Appendices A and B shall be published in an informational document describing how to comply with the OSHA asbestos standard in roofing operations involving asbestos-containing materials. Such informational document shall either be published by OSHA, or be published by NRCA after review by OSHA of the contents. The parties hereby agree to use their best efforts to ensure the publication of the informational document as soon as practicable, but in any event no later than August 10, 1995. Prior to publication as provided above, employers engaged in roofing work may rely on the interpretations set forth in this agreement, including Appendices A and B, as an expression of OSHA's enforcement policy, and OSHA will not issue citations to any employer acting in accordance with such interpretations
22. The date by which the employee training required by paragraph 1101(k)(8) must be completed for employees engaged in roofing work covered by the standard is extended to September 30, 1995.
23. Within ten days of the date the amendments and additions to the standard are published in the Federal Register pursuant to paragraph 20 of this agreement, the Petitioners in the above-captioned cases shall file motions with the Court to withdraw their petitions. Within ten days of the date of execution of this Agreement, the Petitioners will file a joint motion on behalf of the Petitioners and OSHA asking the Court to sever these cases from the cases in which other petitioners are challenging the asbestos standard and to hold briefing in these cases in abeyance until the Petitioners file motions to withdraw their petitions for review in accordance with this paragraph. Should the Court deny that motion and should any of the Petitioners file a brief challenging any aspect of the standard, this Agreement shall be null and void.
24. OSHA will not, in the Federal Register document referred to in paragraph 20 of this Agreement, change the language of the standard or announce any interpretation of the standard, so as to impose additional or more stringent requirements on installation, removal, repair, or maintenance of asbestos-containing roofing material without the consent of the Petitioners.
25. This Agreement does not affect NRCA's status as an Intervenor in the case involving a Petition by the Building and Construction Trades Department, AFL-CIO. Should any other party that has petitioned for review of the asbestos standard challenge the roofing provisions of the standard, or should any party petition for review of the amendments and additions to the standard promulgated pursuant to this agreement, OSHA will not oppose intervention by NRCA in that case.
26. In the event that any party seeks judicial review of any provision of the standard as it applies to roofing operations, including any of the amendments, additions, and interpretations published pursuant to this agreement, OSHA will not, in defending the standard against such a challenge, make any reference to this agreement or represent in any fashion that petitioners endorse the standard, or accept the need for, appropriateness or feasibility of any provision of the standard, including the amendments, additions, and interpretations published pursuant to this agreement. In the event a reviewing court overturns any such provision, amendment, addition, or interpretation, OSHA will keep such provision, amendment, addition, or interpretation in effect during any subsequent rulemaking or other administrative proceedings with respect to any such provision, amendment, addition, or interpretation, unless otherwise ordered by the reviewing court.
27. By entering into this Agreement, the parties do not concede the validity or invalidity of any claim or argument that any party could have raised in litigation. Nothing in this agreement constitutes an admission by petitioners, or by any member of petitioner NRCA, that a significant risk of material health impairment exists in roofing operations not in compliance with the provisions of the standard affecting such operations, including the amendments, additions, or interpretations adopted pursuant to this agreement, or that such provisions are feasible or reasonably necessary or appropriate to protect worker health.
28. This settlement agreement is intended for the benefit of and may be relied upon by (a) each of the parties to this agreement and their respective successors and assigns; and (b) every employer subject to federal OSHA jurisdiction (whether or not a party to this agreement) that installs, repairs, removes, or maintains asbestos-containing roofing materials.
29. Within 30 days of the date of execution of this Agreement, OSHA will provide copies of this Agreement to the Administrators of State Plans approved by OSHA under Section 18 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, and will notify them that the additions, amendments, and interpretations of the standard set forth in this Agreement, including the provisions of paragraph 16 relating to the making of negative exposure assessments, constitute a Federal program change requiring such States to submit program change supplements pursuant to 29 C.F.R. 1953.20 and 1953.23(a). When it provides copies of this Agreement to State Plan Administrators, OSHA will inform them that any amendment to a State asbestos standard that permits employers to make negative exposure assessments in circumstances consistent with paragraph 16 of this Agreement, and that is otherwise consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, shall be deemed to be "at least as effective" as the Federal program change.
30. The Compliance Directive issued by OSHA relating to the standard shall include the substance of the following paragraphs of this Agreement: paragraph l, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 16, and paragraph 3, 6, 7, and 9 of Appendix A. Nothing in the Compliance Directive shall be inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Agreement.
31. All parties shall bear their own costs and attorney fees.
32. The individuals signing this agreement on behalf of the parties hereby certify that they are authorized to bind the respective parties to the terms of this agreement.
Agreed, this 15th day of March, 1995.
THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
By --------------------------------------------
Joseph A. Dear, Assistant Secretary Occupational Safety and Health Administration
MAX EUBANK ROOFING COMPANY, INC., and THE NATIONAL ROOFING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
Arthur F. Sampson, III, their Attorney
BELDON ROOFING AND REMODELING COMPANY
R. Gaines Griffin, its Attorney
BRUTON/GOMEZ & COMPANY, INC.
Richard J. Hatch, Jr., its Attorney
LYDICK-HOOKS ROOFING OF LUBBOCK, INC.
Don Graf, its Attorney
JOHNSON ROOFING COMPANY, INC.
By ---------------------------------------------
Robert E. Holden, its Attorney
Interpretations to be Published in
the Federal Register Preamble and the
Roofing Industry Informational Document
Pursuant to Paragraph 21
of this Agreement
1. Employees working on jobs covered by new paragraph 1101(g)(11) and no other jobs that are covered by the asbestos standard are not subject to the special training requirements for Class II, III or IV work specified in paragraph 1101(k)(8)(iii)-(v). Workers on jobs covered by new paragraph 1101(g)(11) must be trained in the following topics:
* Identification and Recognition of Asbestos-Containing Roofing Materials
* identification of asbestos
* Uses in roofing, past and present
* Characteristics of asbestos
* Potential Health Effects of Asbestos
* Nature of asbestos related disease, including latency and medical tests for identifying asbestos diseases
* Routes of exposure
* Dose response relationships
* Relationship between cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure and availability of smoking cessation programs
* Federal OSHA Construction Asbestos Standard
* Overview of standard
* Discussion of alternative methods for handling intact asbestos roof coatings, mastics, cements, and flashings
* Discussion of PEL and significant risk
* Intact versus Non Intact Materials
* Definitions
* How to recognize non intact material
* Procedures to be followed when material is found or becomes non intact
* Appropriate Work Practices
* Applying mastics, cements, coatings
* Manual methods for removing materials
* Clean up and waste disposal
2. Competent persons supervising jobs covered by new paragraph 1101(g)(11) and no other jobs that are covered by the asbestos standard are not subject to the special training requirements for Class II, III or IV work specified in paragraph 1101(o)(4). Competent persons on jobs covered by new paragraph 1101(g)(11) must be knowledgeable in the following topics in addition to the topics covered in worker training under paragraph l of this Appendix A:
* Methods of Determining Presence of ACRM
* Understanding and Interpreting Air Monitoring Data
* Some states, building owners, etc. require air monitoring on all ACM projects
* Understanding a negative exposure assessment
* Notification Requirements - Commercial/Industrial Work Only
3. Under new paragraph 1101(g)(11)(iii), manual methods which "do not render the material non-intact" include (but are not limited to) the use of spud, spade, flat-blade or slicing tools, such as axes, mattocks, pry bars, spud bars, crow bars, shovels, flat-blade knives, and utility knives, to slice, cut, strip-off, shear-under, or pry-up the material.
4. The interpretations of paragraphs 1101(g)(1)(i), (g)(3)(iii), and 1101(g)(8)(ii)(B) of the standard, as set forth in paragraphs 4 and 6 of this agreement.
5. Work on jobs covered by new paragraph 1101(g)(11) is not Class I, II, or III work and is therefore not included under paragraph 1101(m)(1)(i) in the determination of which employees are covered by the medical surveillance provisions of the standard unless during such jobs employees are exposed at or above the TWA or excursion limit or wear negative pressure respirators.
6. Materials, such as roofing materials, which are separated into pieces in the process of removal or repair are not considered to be "non-intact" solely because the material has been cut, sliced, pried, or otherwise separated into smaller units for the purpose of removal. The condition of the smaller units or pieces of removed roofing (for example, a 2 foot by 2 foot section) must be evaluated against the definition of the term "intact" in paragraph 1101(b) of the standard in order to determine whether the roofing material has been rendered "non-intact" by a removal or repair operation. For example:
a. Built-up roofing (BUR) that has been cut into smaller sections (e.g., using a power roof cutter) and pried up from the roof is not deemed to be "non-intact" solely because it has been separated into pieces. If the pieces of removed BUR have "not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise deteriorated so that [they] are no longer likely to be bound with [their] matrix," then they are "intact" as defined in paragraph 1101(b) of the standard. On the other hand, the dust created by the destructive force of the cutting blade of a power roof cutter-would be considered "non-intact."
b. The same interpretation applies to other roofing materials which are typically removed by dividing them into smaller units. For example, roof mastics and cements are usually pried, chipped or scraped off; asphalt felt underlayments are sliced and rolled-up or sometimes scraped-off or chipped-off; and flashings are sliced into manageable units and then pried-up. The fact that roofing materials have been removed in this fashion does not by itself render them non-intact under the standard. Rather, the removed pieces of roofing must be evaluated to determine whether they are "intact" as defined in paragraph 1101(b) of the standard.
c. Likewise, although asbestos-cement (A/C) shingles are pried up by hand and removed as individual units of roofing, occasionally incidental breakage of the shingles will occur even during careful removal procedures. Such incidental breaking does not in and of itself render the material non-intact under the standard; the question is whether the shingles (whether broken or not) have been crumbled, pulverized, or otherwise are not likely to be bound with their cementitious matrix as a result of the removal operation. The same interpretation applies to incidental breakage of other asbestos-containing roofing materials during removal or subsequent handling.
7. When power roof cutters are used in the removal of intact built-up roofing containing asbestos felts, paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(C) requires that the machine be continuously misted during use unless the competent person determines that misting substantially decreases worker safety. Paragraph (g)(8)(ii)(D), as revised by paragraph 3 of this agreement, specifies circumstances when the dust resulting from such cutting must be a HEPA dust collector or HEPA vacuuming. Except for these requirements, wet methods, HEPA vacuuming or HEPA dust collection, and leak-tight bagging or wrapping are not required when intact asbestos-containing roofing is removed by methods that do not render the material non-intact or create dust.
8. New paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(H), although located in the section of the standard addressing methods of compliance for Class II work, also applies to Class III and Class IV roofing operations.
9. Paragraph 1101(g)(8)(ii)(G) requires isolation or shutdown only of air intakes in the regulated area, unless the competent person determines that existing conditions (e.g., wind speed, and proximity and orientation of the intakes to the air flow) warrants isolation or closure of some intakes outside the regulated area. OSHA intends that the competent person may choose from various forms of "isolation" to satisfy this provision of the standard, depending on the circumstances of each particular job, including the following: (i) the use of 20 foot "buffer zones," subject to the exercise of good judgment by the competent person based on site-specific conditions, as discussed in the August 10, 1994 preamble, 59 Fed. Reg. at 41006; (ii) the use of HEPA filters; (iii) the use of horizontal or vertical extensions that relocate the opening of the air intake outside or above the regulated area or away from or above a nearby upwind source of asbestos fiber emissions; or (iv) covering the intake with plastic sheeting or another kind of barrier.
a Roofing Industry Informational Document
of this Settlement Agreement
1. Power roof cutters are not "high speed abrasive disc saws" under paragraph 1101(g)(3)(i).
2. The requirements of paragraph 1101(g)(2) apply only where the PELs are exceeded or are expected to be exceeded.
3. Roof re-covering work not involving the removal or disturbance of ACM does not constitute "encapsulation" or "renovation" work subject to the standard.
4. Roofing materials are not "surfacing material" as defined in paragraph 1101(b) or otherwise subject to the requirements of the standard governing Class I ACM.
5. The same methodology is used to determine whether a material contains more than one percent asbestos and is therefore "ACM" as defined in paragraph 1101(b) of the OSHA asbestos standard as is used under the EPA Asbestos NESHAP, 40 C.F.R. 61.141.
6. Under paragraph 1101(e)(2), the regulated area need not encompass the entire roof, and "demarcation" methods other than warning tape can satisfy the standard, including, for example, posting warning signs on roofs with only one or a few points of access (provided, of course, the competent person supervises access as required).
7. The negative exposure assessment determination in paragraph 16 of this agreement.
8. The interpretation of paragraph 1101(g)(7)(iii) of the standard as set forth in paragraph 18 of this agreement.
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Our Ping G410 Crossover vs. G410 hybrid test took place on the course at Moor Allerton in Leeds.
We followed that up with some launch monitor testing using their Flightscope in their indoor fitting studio.
It made sense to put the new Crossover up against the new G410 hybrid to see what the performance differences were.
Both clubs are essential long iron replacements but one is obviously a lot more like an iron than the other.
But which will suit your game?
The Ping Crossover has undergone a fairly significant overhaul over the past few years.
It started off as a black hitting thing which worked a treat but just looked a bit odd.
Then with the G400 Crossover it started to look a bit more like a proper golf club but was really bulky.
So now we've got a much sleeker-looking utility iron which will suit the eye of the better player much more.
The new G410 hybrid looks very similar to the G400 hybrid – one of the best clubs in my bag – but Ping say it is a touch larger.
So with the Crossover we've got something which is really new and the hybrid something which is looking to carry on being really, really good.
Despite being smaller in size to the G400 Crossover, Ping say they have packed in a bit more forgiveness.
The hot managing steel face is more thinner and more flexible offering more ball speed.
We've also got something Ping are calling an internal rib structure which ensures a solid sound and feel.
With the G410 hybrid Ping have gone a bit larger than the G400 to offer a bit more forgiveness, higher MOI and confidence at address.
There's also a maraging steel face which is thin and flexible to offer more speed.
Ping say you'll get a better fit with the G410 hybrid thanks to an eight-way adjustable hosel.
As well as adjusting the loft by 1.5˚ either way it's also possible to flatten the lie angle.
Next articlePing reveal G410 irons – but how do they perform?


Please see Dr Hau's comments and updates on hair loss, such a common problem in Hong Kong with high level of work stress.
Please click the picture for details.
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I highlighted several of this year's journey runners in the July 10 entry. The one with whom I could identify most closely was 26-year-old Jen Pharr Davis, who was seeking to set a new women's speed hike record on the Appalachian Trail. She not only set a new record and exceeded her own expectations, she also did it with humility, quiet determination, and virtually no self-promotion.
I admire a gal like that!
In this entry I'll update a few of the long trail and transcontinental journey runs, hikes, and walks that I mentioned two months ago. One of the athletes has successfully completed her goal, one has finished the first of two separate phases, and several are still out there "nibbling at the elephant." I'll also tell you about one more AT runner that I didn't know about until this week -- he's starting in Maine in a few days.
On August 16 Jen successfully completed the 2,175-mile trail after speed hiking (and probably doing some running) for 57 days, 8 hours, and 35 minutes, for an average of almost 38 miles a day. The previous female record was 87 days. Her own pre-hike estimate was 60-80 days, but half way through she saw she could do it faster -- and by gosh, she did!
Jen's new husband, Brew, crewed for her so all she had to carry was a day pack with the food, fluid, and gear she'd need each day. At the end of each day Brew carried in whatever gear was needed to spend the night on the trail unless they were staying in a motel or someone's home. She was accompanied on the trail several days in New Jersey, North Carolina, and Georgia by David Horton (not sure if anyone else hiked/ran with her or not) and also received some support from her father and from Warren Doyle, who has hiked the AT more times than anyone else.
Even though Jen was sponsored by Diamond Brand Outdoors (shoes, socks, energy bars, etc.) and had a trail blog on the Blue Ridge Outdoors web site, she pretty much flew under the radar the whole hike. I enjoyed the blog entries she and Brew wrote every few days but wished I had information about trailheads and distances so I could "follow" her on my maps and meet her when she was in the Roanoke area. Our home was far enough out of the way that she and Brew were unable to take us up on our offer of "room and board," but they thanked us for the offer. I know from my own AT run/hike how difficult it was to determine where I would be and when, let alone make contacts with folks along the way, so I completely understand.
Jen in the rugged Presidential Range of the White Mountains in July; photo from web site blog above.
I haven't seen the Trail data since she finished, either, but Warren has mentioned it frequently on the Backcountry.com web site during Karl Meltzer's AT speed attempt as he compares Karl's progress with Jen's (more about that below). I hope Jen will include that information when she publishes articles about her hike and/or writes her book (her intention, according to the newspaper article cited in the opening quote).
AT thru-hikers and runners need lots of calories!! From Jen's blog on web site above.
David Horton commented in a post to one of the internet ultra lists that he thinks Jen's achievement is the greatest ultra performance that he has seen by a woman. He's been around for a long while and has seen many notable achievements, so that's very high praise. Only four men have ever done the AT faster than Jen: David Horton, Scott Grierson (who was two days slower than Horton in 1991), Pete Palmer, and Andrew Thompson. Even Karl Meltzer may not be able to beat her time. We'll know in a few days.
Jen has definitely raised the bar for any other women who want to challenge the AT record! Congratulations, Jen, on your awesome accomplishment.
Karl began his quest to beat Andrew Thompson's AT record on August 5, hoping to finish a southbound run/hike in 47 days. That's not going to happen. Karl pretty much knew it after all the trouble he had with weather (lots of rain) in Maine and New Hampshire. He developed trench foot and strained one or more tendons in his leg(s) when he compensated for his sore feet while continuing to put in lots of miles in northern New England, the most challenging part of the AT. He wasn't able to average as many miles as he wanted the first two weeks and lost more time on Andrew's record when he wisely took several days off (or with low mileage) to heal his injuries. Although frustrated, he and his sponsor, Backcountry.com, made the decision to continue on.
As of today (September 18, Day 45), Karl has covered 1700 miles and has only 475 more to go. He hopes to be done in ten or twelve more days. Today he's running through the very scenic Grayson Highlands / Mt. Rogers area in southern Virginia and should cross into Tennessee tomorrow. He has a beautiful sunny day today. I hope he gets to "play with the ponies," one of the highlights of an AT trek.
It took over a minute for Karl to get across busy Hwy. 220 in Daleville on a weekend morning.
Some AT road crossings aren't any fun, but at least you can see the cars coming at you here.
Some folks who have been commenting on the Where's Karl? web site feel the need to denigrate and taunt Karl because he's behind schedule. Most (like me) are supportive and believe that what Karl's doing is even more impressive than quitting when he saw he wasn't going to meet his time goal. He could have cut his losses and tried again next year, like many top runners do in races that aren't going so well. But he chose to finish what he started, regardless of the time it takes. He knows it took Andrew Thompson two or three attempts to finish in record time. Such a feat doesn't always happen on the first try.
Karl and crew are using this as a valuable learning experience for his next attempt to break the record. This is his first time on all or most of the AT. It's very different from the trails he's used to running out West. If he has some or all of the same crew members next year, they'll also be much more familiar with both Karl and the roads/trailheads. Yes, he could run into nasty weather again next time that might sabotage his effort, or develop other injuries, but I'm sure he's learned a lot about proper foot care in a multi-week event and a whole heap of other good information that will serve him well next time.
On the other hand, I can't blame him if he decides once is enough on the Appalachian Trail because it's so hard to RUN much of it! You can read a lot more about Karl on his own web site at this link and read his thoughts about the AT trek before he began.
It's been fun for me to follow Karl's progress on the Where's Karl? web site because there are usually several updates each day and a mileage, elevation, and time tally at the end of each day. Even though the Spot GPS often doesn't work because of the heavy leaf canopy, I can still see where he is on the Google map often enough to have a good feel for his location. That's what I missed the most during Jennifer Pharr Davis' trek -- factual information about location and distances.
Sometimes Karl's crew has trouble with internet access in the mountains and isolated back roads. They are also very busy all day long. Four or five Backcountry.com employees have rotated one- or two-week shifts crewing for Karl. When they overlap for a day or two, or if Karl's dad or wife or someone else like ultra runner John DeWalt is there to crew, they can sometimes run with him. All were chosen by the company in part because of their trail running ability. They all seem to be good cooks, too!
in the RV at the Daleville, VA trailhead while waiting for Karl to come in for lunch.
The crew members also help Karl determine how far to run each day, drive and maintain the RV, purchase food and supplies, prepare the meals, do laundry, crew as often as the route allows and Karl needs them, help keep Karl going in any way they can (patching feet, caring for his dog Binger, keeping him supplied with ice cream, humoring him, etc.), find doctors and medical supplies as needed, try to keep the whole world updated several times a day, and on and on and on.
Considering all the various tasks, it's a wonder anyone has covered the Trail in three months or less with fewer crew members. Just ask Jonathan Basham, Brew Davis, or Diana Shivers how difficult it is to crew solo. With all the time it took me to finish the AT (148 days), I think Jim was more fatigued at the end than I was!
Sometimes Karl runs/hikes alone, sometimes he has company. Billy Simpson, an ultra runner Karl knows from Hardrock and other ultras, has been accompanying him on the trail for part of the way. Billy hiked the Trail last year so his familiarity has been helpful. David Horton also came out to run with him for several days when he was in central Virginia, and other runners farther north accompanied him briefly. I'm sorry I'm not fast enough to keep up with him, or I would have asked to run a segment when he was near Roanoke recently.
Karl (yellow shirt) shows his appreciation to Greg Goodson before they part.
after his crewing stint. That's Billy Simpson in the foreground.
I like most everything about the Where's Karl? web site except the snarky comments some people are making. A few letters are even taunting in nature. Maybe that spurs Karl on. His crew told me Karl takes time out a couple evenings a week to read the comments and usually just laughs off the negative ones. He really enjoys the positive comments and all the folks who've stopped by the RV at trail heads to encourage him with words and signs and goodies to eat.
The main complaints people mention in the web site comments are about the "spotty" Spot coverage, inadequate updates (give me a break!!!), the level of commercialism, and the home page banner, which is "over the top" in more ways than one.
Warren Doyle has been particularly vociferous about the banner, especially the part that states when "uber ultra-runner Karl" breaks the record he'll "rule the AT as the guy who conquered it." That doesn't sit well with a lot of AT hikers. I'm guessing it's kind of embarrassing for a guy like Karl, too. Jim and I don't know him well, but we've talked to him at races and he's one of the nicest guys you could meet. Warren also harps on the fact that the banner hasn't changed since it's obvious Karl won't be setting a record this year, pointing out every couple of days how far ahead Andrew and Jennifer were at that point. Warren's a Konstant Kritic and I've lost respect for him because of his mean-spiritedness. Of course, the anti-Warren contingent is equally vocal, leading to lots of trash talk from both sides.
Sounds just like the current political rhetoric and denigrating between the two major parties less than two months before the presidential election!
stop to talk with Billy (white shirt) and Sarah at the Daleville trail head.
I can vouch for how expensive a journey run can be, even when done in less than half the time it took me. I can also understand the lure to Karl of being sponsored so he didn't have to bear the brunt of the cost. He's between a rock and a hard place (kinda like every day on the Trail!).
I had the opportunity to see Karl and his crew a few days ago when they were in the Roanoke area. I knew where he was starting that morning and the mileage he'd be running before I saw him at the Hwy. 220 / Daleville trail head, but I didn't know what time he'd be starting or how fast he'd be going. Consequently, I arrived almost three hours before he did. I didn't want to miss him!
One good thing about the, um, colorful blue Where's Karl? RV is that it is easy to spot! Billy drove it by the parking area a couple times as the crew was running errands in the area before they pulled in next to me. I got to spend about an hour talking with Billy and the two Backcountry.com crew members before Karl arrived at lunchtime. Sarah McConkle was in her first full day of crewing. After lunch, she'd be taking Greg Goodson to the airport to fly back West. There's a photo of them farther up this page.
Karl looked tired as he sat inside the camper eating lunch for a few minutes; it was a very humid, hot day in the low 90s and he'd already run 22 miles from Bearwallow Gap before I saw him. Hopefully there were more breezes up on the ridges of Tinker and Catawba Mountains during the 20-mile roadless section Billy ran with Karl after lunch. That's a very scenic section of Trail (the views of Carvin's Cove and Catawba Valley are beautiful from Tinker Cliffs and McAfee Knob) and I was glad Karl was there on a clear day so he could see the views.
Karl was hot and tired but ate a hearty lunch, with Binger at his feet.
I came bearing Klondike ice cream bars for Karl and the crew. He ate one at lunch with a sandwich and some pizza. Sarah had already joked that the crew no longer tries to count the calories Karl consumes every day -- they now count the hours he spends eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner! He had the opportunity for both mucho calories and time that evening, when he and the crew dined at the Home Place all-you-can-eat restaurant in Catawba, a thru-hiker tradition.
I tried to stay out of the way so Karl's crew could attend to his needs the 10-12 minutes he was there, but I did talk to him some. I also talked to Sarah about crewing the next day, when Karl would be going over Dragon's Tooth. One of the little dirt roads Greg had chosen as a crewing point wouldn't have accommodated the RV (the last time I was there I either had to ford a rough stream or cross a very narrow and rickety wooden bridge marked "Private"). I was able to show Sarah other trailheads along the next day's route that should have been suitable for RV crewing.
Karl (gold shirt) hits the trail from Daleville to Catawba as Billy says goodbye to Greg.
That was Greg's last day on the crew.
I applaud Karl's effort to finish what he started. David Horton articulated the point well in a comment on the Where's Karl? web site on September 11: "I think he [Karl] will finish even though he knows he is not going to get the record. It is a very difficult thing to continue when you can't achieve the goal you so much desired. It is a testament to his strength that he is going on and a testament to the toughness of the AT that he is unable to complete it as fast as he desired."
Well said, David, and well run, Karl. I hope I have the opportunity to play Trail Angel on the AT again for Karl in the future, whether he is heavily sponsored or not.
Though the way it's been recorded on this site is deceiving, that's a total of 54 days 21 hours and 12 minutes. Unofficially, Karl's is the fourth fastest thru-hike of the Appalachian Trail.
Most ultra runners I know are honorable, admirable people. So far, there isn't much money to be won or earned in the sport so they don't have to be as cut-throat with the competition as in many other sports. Many ultra runners will literally give you the shirt off their backs during a race if you're in trouble. Often the ones who cross the line first will stay or come back to watch the last ones cross the line. Most of the fastest runners aren't braggarts. They respect the efforts of their fellow competitors. They offer advice if asked and give encouragement to their peers.
If you've read my tribute to my running "heroes" you already know how much I respect and admire David Horton. Here's another example of how classy this guy really is (despite his jokes and teasing).
after they finished the 25th edition of Horton's Mountain Masochist 50-miler last November.
David also happily ran along with Jennifer Pharr Davis as much as possible as she set a new women's record. And even though I wasn't going fast when I ran/hiked the AT in 2005 (and even though David was very busy getting ready to run the PCT, running and setting a record out there, and recovering from it that summer), he sent me more encouraging e-mails than anyone else!
Instead of criticizing Karl like Warren Doyle feels so obligated to do, David was out there helping Karl get on down the Trail. According to the crew, David first arrived on a particularly bad day for Karl and really lifted his spirits. David's like that. I've known him for sixteen years and I can vouch that he's one of the most positive, happy people around. If he's not out setting his own record somewhere else next year, you can bet he'll be helping Karl again on the AT.
Jim and I don't think we've ever met ultra runner Ben Davis of Fairfax, VA. We recently read that he is beginning a southbound AT trek this weekend to honor victims of Lou Gehrig's disease, also known as ALS. Jim and I know of a middle-stage victim of this incurable disease in our running club. ALS strikes without warning, gradually rendering its victims unable to speak, swallow, move, and breathe. Average life expectancy after diagnosis is only two to five years.
"Not a year ago, I was impacted by two different men who were diagnosed with ALS. Both have since passed away. I was inspired by the courage they both exuded despite their diagnosis. It truly makes you wonder how any one of us would handle such news. Because of their inspiration, this fall I will go on leave from my job to run from Maine to Georgia along the Appalachian Trail, 2175 miles, on September 21. For 60+ days, each day being dedicated to a specific ALS hero, we will share their brave and inspiring stories. Our website will tell the untold, in an effort to ignite our community to realize how fragile life really is."
Ben and his crew are hoping to raise $1 million for the families of ALS. He is seeking both sponsors and donations. His tentative 62-day itinerary is posted on the web site and he'll also be using a Spot GPS tracker and Google Maps like Karl and his crew have been using (with mixed success). Ben's main pacer is Rick Cheever, who we met last winter at Across the Years. Ben is encouraging others to run with him, come out to see him and the crew, and send e-mails with stories about people with ALS. He'll be in our area the weekend of the Mountain Masochist race, so we'll probably miss seeing him come through.
Doug is an ultra running acquaintance of ours from North Carolina who is running and walking across the country by himself with the help of relatives, friends, and strangers he has met along the way who have generously helped him by giving him food, transportation, and lodging. He stays in a variety of places at night, from motels to people's homes to a tent. His route was determined before he left home, but where to eat and sleep has been very flexible. His wife spent a few days with him recently; that really perked him up!
Doug began his journey on July 15 in Ocean Isle, NC and by today, Day 56, has gone approximately 1,300 miles (11 miles west of Ft. Scott, KS). That's an average of 23+ miles a day, including several rest days -- so he's actually going farther each day when he's running and walking. Usually he's alone but sometimes running friends and other people accompany him. He plans to run 3,236 miles to Mission Beach, San Diego and hopes to finish by Christmas.
Doug is able to post entries several times a week about the trek on his web site so folks can follow his adventures and leave comments. It's interesting to read about the people he meets and the impressions he has of the places where he's been so far. It's not always easy for him to find vegetarian food; there have been some interesting stories about getting the calories he needs. He dedicates each day on the road to someone he knows, lending a very human touch to his journal. He also has photos of his journey.
Lisa, an elite ultra runner and coach, has successfully completed the first part of her two-part run/bike trek to raise money for AIDs orphans in Africa. She calls it the "Death Valley 810."
In Part I, Lisa ran from Las Vegas (NV) to the start of the Badwater race in Death Valley (CA) in early July. She arrived the day before the start of the official race and completed 135 miles on the Badwater course (described in my last entry) within the 48-hour limit to buckle; runners can take up to 60 hours, but don't receive buckles over 48 hours. Then she ran and hiked to the summit of Mt. Whitney -- for a total of 302 running miles with an elevation gain from 292 feet below sea level in Death Valley to 14,496 feet above sea level on top of Whitney.
Yes, that's a nun with her! That's Sister Marybeth, who is also a runner. She accompanied Lisa for some miles from Vegas to Death Valley and did a great job crewing during the race. She also climbed to the top of Mt. Whitney.
The second part of Lisa's journey will be the non-stop 508-mile Furnace Creek bicycle race through Death Valley in October. Lisa has already raised $400,000 toward her goal of $500,000 for AIDS orphans. Congratulations, Lisa!! You're well on your way to completing both your distance and fund-raising goals.
The Running America '08 team began their transcontinental run on September 13 at Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco. They hope to cover the 3,106 miles to New York City by the end of October. After six long days on the road, they plan to spend tonight in Fallon, NV.
This run is a major production. If folks think Karl Meltzer's AT run has too much hype and too many crew members, they should NOT click on the "cast and crew" tab on this site!! An eight-person film company is involved, as well as some major sponsors like Super 8. It's not a charity run. Charlie and Marshall are running to set a record, make a movie, and spread good will across America.
Both Marshall and Charlie have their own runner support crews, a total of nine more people who are apparently along for the entire trip. Marshall's wife is crew coordinator, runners' advocate, and communications person. There is a sports medicine doctor, nutritionist/EMT, massage therapist, and Charlie's crew chief, who is a sports and fitness trainer. There are also two drivers and an "environmental director" to "reduce the expedition's impact on the environment." There must be at least two RVs involved; by Day 6, Charlie is having multiple physical problems and is behind Marshall. Motels are also listed most nights in the itinerary.
I'm not done yet. There is a third well-respected adventure/journey runner besides Charlie and Marshall who is also along: Jesse Riley, Marshall's crew chief, has organized several amateur and professional stage races across the U.S., Canada, and Australia. He has run many multiday races and has run solo across the U.S. and Australia. His "bio" on the "cast and crew" link is very impressive.
Wow. That's quite a crew! There are several other links at the top of the web site's home page where you can learn more about Charlie and Marshall, see the itinerary, track their progress via Spot (which should work better on the open roads than on the AT), sign up to run with them, read the blog entries from each day (so far, they've been written by Charlie, not a crew person), and leave comments. I'm hoping for photos, but haven't seen any yet. Maybe we'll have to wait for the movie!
I planned to follow more journey runs this summer than I've had time for (I do have a life of my own!). They are fun to read.
If these journals and blogs aren't enough to keep you busy, follow this link to John Wallace, III's web site, which tracks mostly transcontinental runs across the U.S. Some are solo, some are with two or more people. Some are supported, some unsupported. John has links to five runs/walks that were completed in 2008 and more links for ones still in progress. He also has a pretty thorough compilation of 210 completed transcon journeys. It's interesting to compare them.
Peter Bakwin started a new site this year that tracks speed records for over twenty different trails (Appalachian, Pacific Crest, Long, John Muir, etc.) and several mountains around the world (e.g., Colorado's 14ers, Kilamanjaro, Adirondack 46 Highest). Most journey runners/hikers aren't interested in, or capable of, setting a new record, but they are interesting to read about and might be just the inspiration someone needs to try to beat a record somewhere.


It is sometimes necessary for an adult to restrain a violent child in order to protect the child from himself or to protect other children from the violence. Restraint refers to the use of physical methods to stop a child from moving freely and may be done in a variety of methods.
Prior to attempting to restrain a violent child, it is important that adults receive training from an appropriate agency. Agencies that provide restraint training include state school districts, foster parent agencies, hospitals and public juvenile detention facilities. Proper training teaches adults when and how to restrain a child properly. Proper training is necessary because children who are restrained initially typically react with a greater display of violence, which could cause an untrained adult to be harmed. Additionally, training helps assure the child is restrained in a manner consistent with keeping the child from being harmed and keeping the adult free from liability.
Most jurisdictions do not allow the use of artificial or chemical restraint aids by nonprofessionals. Examples of artificial restraints include: ropes, chains, cages, lap belts and straps. Examples of chemical restraints include the misuse of prescribed or non-prescribed medication with the intent of rendering a child unable to move. Chemical methods of restraint that are not allowed include pepper spray, mace or other chemical poisons. These artificial and chemical methods are not to be used except by specially trained professionals, such as medical and law enforcement personnel.
Prior to using a physical restraint method against a child, it's important to document the behaviours that caused the need for physical restraint. Documentation should also include the method of restraint used and the outcome. It is critical that copies of the written documentation be provided to appropriate supervisory personnel and regulatory agencies immediately, as soon as the child and others present are safe from the immediate threat of violence.
During the physical restraint process, it's important not to place a child in a position that causes breathing to become difficult or impossible. It is critical that the person who is restraining the child does not place the child's face down onto any surface that could affect breathing. Pressure or weight should never be placed on the child's chest while restraining him.
Sarah Scott has been writing for a variety of publications since 1994. Scott majored in English at California State University in Sacramento. She has worked as a teacher and tutor and enjoys teaching others. Her experience includes news copy, online articles, technical manuals as well as printed business advertisements.
How long does an adoption dissolution take?


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Get Facebook off Your Google Search NOW!
Social media has fundamentally changed the way that we communicate as a society. So why is it surprising that Social Media has changed the way recruiters and hiring managers screen candidates for job positions? There is so much information out there on candidates, allowing companies to learn more than what is shared on a resume.
In my opinion, a perfect Google Search will produce your LinkedIn Profile at the very top. (or near the top) This is what you want employers to see and go to if they are looking to learn more about you. Once you have a full LinkedIn profile established for a few weeks or so it will pop up on your Google search.
Facebook should not pop up in your Google search and if it does, you should turn this off. My Facebook page does not appear in my Google search because I adjusted this setting in Facebook and you can too! I advise the job seekers I work with to always turn this setting off so that employers will not be directed to your Facebook Page from your Google Search.
You can find this under Facebook Privacy Settings, on the bottom of the list you will see "Do you want other search engines to link to your timeline?" you would then uncheck "Let other search engines link to your timeline". Do this today, and also go through the other privacy settings as well to make sure you are only sharing information with your friends and family, not the entire planet.
It takes a few weeks for your Facebook Page to disappear from your Google search but it's worth the wait. Remember to review and adjust the privacy settings on any social networking website you use because chances are you don't even realize how much information about yourself you are exposing to the world on a daily basis.
Director of Online Career Services at Berkeley College and VP of Marketing for The NJ Association of Colleges and Employers.
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Taimur, Kareena And Saif Ali Khan Say "Hello!" From Tuscany
And this family belongs to the latter category, who squeezed in a quick getaway to spend some quality family time together amidst professional commitments.
It's that time of the year again when Pataudis- Kareena Kapoor Khan, Saif Ali Khan with their adorable son Taimur- dash off to their vacation, and this time the location is Italy.
Speaking about father's wedding, Sara had earlier revealed on Karan Johar's show that Amrita Singh (Saif Ali Khan's first wife) dressed her for Saif's wedding to Kareena.
Kareena Kapoor and Saif Ali Khan posed for a few photos and the caption read, "Soaking in the sun". The family is certainly giving some major summer vacation goals to all.
2 killed, several injured as Sudan military storms Khartoum sit
The TMC said it would not use force to disperse the protesters and has not issued a statement about Monday's protest. The sit-in has lasted weeks as civilians and military officials argue over the makeup of a transitional government.
The wedding picture of Said-Kareena made its way on social after seven-long years and photos make their way much to the excitement of the fans.
Sara also said, on the show, that it was not awkward for her when Saif married Kareena. Saif sported an orange tee with blue denim and had his sweater tied around his waist. Kareena herself says, "Look, you have a great mother".
According to a Mumbai Mirror report, Saif Ali Khan and Kareena Kapoor Khan have apparently booked two tickets for India V/S Australia ICC World Cup match, which is scheduled to take place on June 9, 2019. On the work front, Saif will resume the shoot for "Laaal Kaptan", and Kareena will be seen in "Good News" opposite Akshay Kumar. Also, she will be seen in Irrfan Khan starrer "Angrezi Medium".
China to compile hit list of 'unreliable' foreign entities in trade war
Considering this is a retaliatory move, it may mean that blacklisted companies will not be allowed to operate in China. That prompted Beijing to hit back with additional levies on the majority of US imports on a $60 billion target list.
Bruins rout Blues, take 2-1 lead in Stanley Cup Final
Staying disciplined was coach Craig Berube's focus given the charged atmosphere that delivered on all the hype. Louis couldn't kill off a single Bruins power play, which paved the way for the first blowout of the series.
Federer reaches French Open fourth round, Pliskova out
The Swiss moves into the quarterfinals for the fifth time in his career, and first time since reaching the final in 2017. They were playing their fourth-round match Sunday on neighboring Court Suzanne Lenglen.
China to issue white paper on trade talks with U.S. on Sunday
That might be an "over-interpretation", Wang said, adding that China welcomed foreign firms that operate within the law. Nonetheless, they've become China's most important weapon in its ever-worsening trade conflict with the U.S.
UK's May Hopes Trump's Visit to UK to Strengthen Bilateral Cooperation
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, a veteran socialist, denounced the president's "entirely unacceptable interference in our democracy".
New video surfaces of crushed climbers dangerously jam-packed on Mount Everest
A go fund me page has been set up for a rescue bid for the Irish climber but it is a well meaning but futile gesture. Some have also described conditions on the mountain as chaos , saying there are too many people climbing it.
Sudanese military closes Al Jazeera office, revokes media credentials
Talks between the TMC and opposition and protest leaders in the Alliance for Freedom and Change movement have ground to a halt. For weeks, demonstrators have camped out in front of Khartoum's army headquarters to pressure the generals to yield power.
Woman Dies While Photographing Waterfall at Lake Tahoe
A woman who died at a USA tourist spot was not taking selfies at the time of her death. Even bodies of water that might not seem threatening are extremely cold from snowmelt.
Taliban talks with U.S. in deadlock
He said "the Islamic emirate is not seeking to monopolize power but it wants all Afghans to have their real role in "government". The Taliban, overthrown by US-backed forces weeks after the September 11, 2001 attacks, refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate.
Watch the Ford v. Ferrari Trailer and Get Pumped
The film is being helmed by James Mangold , the director of arguably one of the best superhero films ever ( Logan ). He's got Christian Bale and Matt Damon starring, and the first trailer has roared from the starting line.
Watch Pocono 400 Online, On TV
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series drivers are set to compete in Sunday's Pocono 400 at Pocono raceway . Clint Bowyer , Erik Jones and Brad Keselowski will round out the top five.
Keep Calm: JK Rowling Releases Four More HARRY POTTER Books
The wizarding world didn't show signs of ending as spin-off film series Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is still ongoing. Pottermore announced the upcoming release of four new Harry Potter books - Harry Potter nonfiction eBooks, that is.
Drake trolls KD with 'Home Alone' hoodie in Finals Game 2
Thompson added the Warriors may have gotten too much time off after sweeping the Western Conference finals. Raptors - 101: Leonard 34, VanVleet 17, Lowry 13, Siakam 12, Green 8, Ibaka 7, Powell 7, Gasol 6.
The Trump Baby blimp will fly over London once again
Several public protests are being planned including one due to start at 11am on Tuesday morning in Trafalgar Square. They must wait for final approval from the Metropolitan Police, who are expected to give their decision on Monday.
Trump urges Britain to go for no-deal Brexit
This visit will have more pageantry than the USA president's last trip to the United Kingdom in July 2018. Mr Khan likened Mr Trump to a number of far-right leaders - such as Marine Le Pen in France.
Suspect in US shooting resigned before killing 12
In addition to two.45-caliber handguns recovered, police say he also had extended ammunition magazines and a silencer device. Police and Craddock exchanged fire in a protracted gun battle, but Mr Cervera said he was unsure how many rounds were fired.
John Bercow: I'm staying put as Commons Speaker until Brexit is decided
Speaking to the Guardian after his Washington speech, Bercow said , "I've never said anything about going in July of this year". He said he would like to be remembered "as a backbenchers' champion".
Research Analysts Offer Predictions for Canadian Natural Resources Ltd's FY2020 Earnings (CNQ)
Another way to determine the effectiveness of a company's distributions is by looking at the Shareholder yield (Mebane Faber). Some investors will be trading with a shorter-term plan, while others may be focused on a longer-term investment time frame.
Texas woman accused of setting stepdaughter's face on fire
Police said that Jimenez told officers that the injury to the child had been the result of an accident lighting a candle. Grand Prairie police said that Dalia Jimenez, 20, was arrested and charged for intentionally harming her stepdaughter.
United Kingdom should be ready to leave European Union without a deal, says Trump
Asked if that included healthcare, he replied: "I would think so". "We do more together than any other nations in the world". He will also attend D-Day commemorations in Portsmouth before departing the United Kingdom for France on Wednesday evening.
'Career of lies': Deontay Wilder savages Anthony Joshua after shock loss
The Brit was knocked down four times before his seventh-round stoppage at the hands of the Mexican at Madison Square Gardens. Andy Ruiz Jr . just pulled off one of the greatest upsets in boxing history with his 7th round TKO of Anthony Joshua .
Nadal wins 90th Roland Garros match to reach quarter-finals
And second-seeded Rafael Nadal ended the run of Paris debutant Juan Ignacio Londero with a typically dominant 6-2 6-3 6-3 victory. Wawrinka edged Stefanos Tsitsipas 7-6 (6), 5-7, 6-4, 3-6, 8-6 in an epic 5-hour, 9-minute match at Roland Garros Sunday.
Liberty breezes to 6-1 victory over Tennessee | State National Sports
Red Sox stave off sweep at Yankee Stadium
Tiger Woods: Hank Haney got what he deserved
British tycoon charged with spanking fitness teacher in US
Samsung Galaxy M40 - The punch hole king
Love Finds Ali Wong And Randall Park In 'Always Be My Maybe'
Apple expected to kill off iTunes
Purged no more: North Korean official appears at show
Sridevi's daughter Janhvi Kapoor's shorts make Katrina Kaif 'worry' for her
Trump state visit: baby blimp to fly over London once again
Boeing notifies FAA about improperly made parts on 737 Max
Measles cases triple globally, Africa worst affected
United Kingdom auto production nearly halves in April following Brexit factory shutdowns
China To 'Fight At All Costs' For 'Reunification' With Taiwan: Defence Minister
Virginia Beach Police Vow To Never Name Yesterday's Shooting Suspect Again

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Theater Around The Bay: Praise For Saturday Write Fever!
Just in case you missed it, Saturday Writer Fever got some awesome praise this past weekend from no less than the San Francisco Chronicle!
Many thanks to writer Benjamin Wachs and photographer Jason Henry for coming out to capture last month's event!
Excited to join us for the next one? Well, you're in luck- it's coming up on Saturday! Find out more about it HERE!
Thanks, as always, to all of our friends and collaborators! We couldn't do it without you!


Our current theory is that we should be able to get a pair of decently-priced plane tickets at the very beginning of September, which still resembles summer closely enough to be touristable.
So we know what to do when we get there, I took advantage of my Google Maps API key and set up London 2006. If you're not Kiesa or I, you can't actually change anything on the back end, but feel free to click at random.


This belt buckle combines premium quality and elegant style. Showcase the Indian Motorcycle brand with a pin that is sure to be seen. Perfect to top up your basket and take advantage or FREE UK shipping on orders over £30!
Check out our full range of Personal Accessories, Gifts and Collectables from Alba Customs.


text:
Junior High students in Monza build their own Ubuntu computers
Last November, the Confalonieri Public Junior High School in Monza, Northern Italy set up a really interesting and original optional course for its students. When I heard about it on an Italian mailing list I contacted the two teachers who run the course, Fabio Frittoli and Francesco De Gennaro (quoted below as F&F for brevity) to know something more.
Stop: What's the course subject?
F&F: The course consists of five afternoon meetings, during two hours each, in which the students build one computer per participant with these characteristics:
CPU: AMD Sempron 140
RAM: 2 GB DDR2 800
Motherboard: Asrock m68 with integrated audio, video and Ethernet ports
DVD burner
Mid tower case
the Free as in Freedom Ubuntu operating system
Stop: How many students participated?
F&F: We had 16 students of the Third Classes (13 yrs old) and 20 of the Second Classes (12 yrs old), including several foreign students and one with a minor cognitive handicap.
Stop: How much did they pay to attend?
F&F: Two hundred Euros per student, which the School used to buy the hardware online. The extra work hours of the teachers are paid directly by the School.
Stop: A course like this for students in that age range is really unusual, at least here in Italy. Why did you set it up?
F&F: For several reasons. First of all, we wanted to involve students who have little attitude for abstract studies, that is boys and girls who aren't interested in theoretical courses like the European Computer Driving License. We wanted to give them a chance to show what they're capable of with a //practical// activity which could also help them to figure out if this could become their job in the future. Eventually, some participants attended for this very reason, while others came just out of personal interest in computers.
Stop: What are the other reasons?
F&F: We wanted to teach them that to do something well you can't do without skills like: being able to listen, studying Italian and English well enough to understand instruction sheets, following complex procedures step by step plus order, cleanness and correct choice of tools.
Last but not least, we think that the "use and discard" attitude towards objects seen as unmodifiable, finished monolothic products must be rejected, in order to make everybody an active and conscious participant to technological progress. We all need to teach to young people that high-tech objects are made of single, discrete components that people can assemble or reuse by themselves, or recycles separately.
Stop: How did it go?
F&F: The November course was a great success! Some of the kids were so interested that they would almost stick their whole heads inside the cases, in order to look "under the hood". Fearing that students so young could damage some component, we had bought some extra parts, but so far we haven't needed them. All the students, including the most rebellious ones, worked in couples (each couple built assembled computers) in a very ordered and collaborative way, surprising even us, our teachers.
Stop: Why?
F&F: Because… we really were used to see them behaving in quite a different way! This course proved how much good, personality-wise, building something with your own hands can do. Courses like ours can turn into enthusiast, proactive students even kids who during theoretical lessons tend to shut their brains down or to disturb the rest of the class. The pleasure of discovering how some object works and what's inside it still exists, and is the same we enjoyed when we were kids. Unfortunately, practical activities in Italian public high schools are becoming every year more difficult to implement, especially considering the last "reform".
Stop: Let's talk a bit about the software part. Regular readers of Stop!/Zona-M already know that Ubuntu is a free operating system that's a pleasure for everybody to use and that it is great for schools, but why did you chose it?
F&F: First of all, we wanted to save money and educate our students to act legally: we could not induce them to install programs without respecting their license! Besides, we wanted to fight the myth that other operating systems are more difficult to use and less featured or visually appealing than Windows.
Stop: Congratulations, especially because there seems to be little interest in our central government to make Free Software widely known in Italian Public Schools. But did the kids like Ubuntu or not?
F&F: They were very skeptical at the beginning. Some explicitly said that as soon as they could bring their finished computer home they would replace Ubuntu with a pirate copy of Windows. Eventually only a few students did actually did it. Most of them saw the real potential of Ubuntu, namely: its visual effects, the amount of software easily installable from the Internet, the ease of use and how much customizable Ubuntu is… and continue to use it today.
Stop: Is there anything that could or could have gone better?
F&F: It would be good to have more support (probably from some third parties, even if we have no idea who they could be) for the configuration problem that the students could face at home, right after the course. That's why, in the second edition scheduled for March 2010 we will spend more time to explain how to connect to the Internet from Ubuntu via Ethernet or Wi-Fi cards.
« Italian entrepreneur fights proprietary file formats in Public Administrations
Again on public or private water (this time in Rome) »


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Home » animation » Beauty and the Beast: The IMAX Edition (review)
Beauty and the Beast: The IMAX Edition (review)
Mon Jan 21 2002, 02:38pm | 0 comments
Tale as Old as Time
Remember when you were kid, and movie screens were still huge, before they turned into little more than oversized TVs on a wall? And remember how everything seemed ever huger than it was, from your down-on-the-floor child's point of view? Remember those early trips to the theater as a munchkin, when movies were monumentally enormous and powerful and you sat and watched with your eyes wide and your jaw dropped open?
Go see Beauty and the Beast: The IMAX Edition and be reminded.
On a normal-sized screen, and even on video on a television (Disney: DVD, please!), Beauty and the Beast isn't merely one of the best animated movies ever made, it's one of the best movies ever made, period. There's nothing — not a single thing — wrong with it. Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's songs are perfect, with their clever, perceptive lyrics ("Bittersweet and strange, finding you can change, learning you were wrong") and catchy, eminently singable tunes. The animation is gorgeous. The story is classic. The voice performances are spot-on. I question the humanity of someone who doesn't love this film without reservation — it's one of those deal-breakers for me, like The Princess Bride: If you don't worship this film, I despair of us ever being friends.
Did I say what a tremendous impact this film had on me? I remember the first time I saw it, during its initial release, at a sold-out late-night showing, not a child in sight, and I was not the only adult sniffling back tears of joy, thunderstruck by the sheer wonderfulness of this movie.
And that feeling came rushing back, times ten, when I saw the film again in IMAX. Unlike the grainy blown-up-to-IMAX-size "Sorcerer's Apprentice" bit in Fantasia 2000, this new edition of Beauty and the Beast is crisp and crystal clear in its enlarged format — the Disney team has done an extraordinary job of making the film look its very best. When Belle (the voice of Paige O'Hara) does her Sound of Music homage ("I want adventure in the great wide somewhere"), you are right there on that verdant mountainside with her. When the Beast (the voice of Robby Benson) battles Gaston (the voice of Richard White) on the parapets of his castle, you feel like you might fall right off into the yawning abyss below. When the camera swoops down past the chandelier to zoom in on Belle and the Beast waltzing in the ballroom, you might just want to cover your face with your hands and bawl like a baby at the pure perfection of what you're seeing, completely dominating your senses on that enormous screen, with that incredible sound. The Disney team has never captured such magic onscreen (except maybe… well, I'll get to that in a minute), and to immerse yourself in it as IMAX allows you to is almost too much pleasure to bear. This new edition of Beauty and the Beast is a thoroughly stunning, emotionally overwhelming reminder of the power of film.
As if experiencing the movie itself again on a big screen — on a really big screen — weren't enough to draw us back into the theater, Disney has restored a song, "Human Again," that was cut from the original version. It wasn't necessary. While the new tune doesn't detract from the film, it's easy to see why it was eliminated in the first place: it doesn't add anything, either. Though there is some very witty animation late in the song.
Almost — almost — best of all, Beauty and the Beast: The IMAX Edition opens with a trailer for next year's Disney IMAX offering: The Lion King. And it's the same trailer as for the original release: the entire opening scene, the "Circle of Life" sequence, which may be the greatest, most beautiful opening bit of any film ever. "Circle of Life" in 70mm made me cry uncontrollably; in IMAX, it reduced me to a quivering mess. I can't wait for next January.
Beauty and the Beast IMAX (rerelease) (2002) | directed by Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise
US/Can release: Jan 01 2002
UK/Ire release: Jan 04 2002
MPAA: rated G
BBFC: rated U (contains mild violence and threat)
viewed at a public multiplex screening
official site | IMDb | trailer
animation | classics | comedy | family/kids | fantasy | girls/women | musical | reviews | romance
Alan Menken | Beauty and the Beast | Disney | Fantasia 2000 | Howard Ashman | IMAX | Lion King | Paige O'Hara | Princess Bride | Richard White | Robby Benson | Sound of Music


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A twist on a festive favourite, we crafted our mulled cyder as the perfect antedote to cold wintery evenings. Warming and spiced, our mulled cyder has become an Aspall tradition on Bonfire Night.
Aroma of sweet spices with cinnamon, clove and ginger notes and a long spicy aftertaste.
Delicious served warm with a slice of orange. Chilled it makes a lovely aperitif or partner for rich cheesecake or steamed pudding with custard.
We're sorry but our Mulled Cyder has sold out! Why not try one of our other cyders?


text:
<?php
/**
 * This script merges all data sources into one file while performing:
 *  - removing of duplicity
 *  - canonizing names (some organisms have more than one latin name, one is prefered)
 *  - fetch EOL ID
 *
 * After running this script the data can be reviewed and fixed (missing names and organism not found through API search)
 *
 */

use NatureQuizzer\Tools\BioLibNames;
use NatureQuizzer\Utils\Normalizator;
use Tracy\Debugger;

ini_set('memory_limit','1024M');

include_once __DIR__ . "/../../app/bootstrap.php";

Debugger::enable(Debugger::DEVELOPMENT);

function getLanguage($data, $languageCode)
{
	$temp = array_filter($data, function ($item) use($languageCode) {return isset($item->eol_preferred, $item->language) && $item->language == $languageCode; });
	if (count($temp) > 0) {
		return Normalizator::normalize(reset($temp)->vernacularName);
	}
	return NULL;
}

function processScientificName($value)
{
	preg_match('#(\w* \w*)#su', $value, $matches);
	if (count($matches) >= 2) {
		return Normalizator::normalize($matches[1]);
	}
	return NULL;
}

function loadFiles($files)
{
	$output = [];
	foreach ($files as $file) {
		foreach (explode("\n", file_get_contents(__DIR__ . '/' . $file)) as $line) {
			$output[] = $line;
		}
	}
	return $output;
}

$animals = loadFiles(['sources/input.txt']);

$bioLibNames = new BioLibNames();

$output = [];
foreach ($animals as $czechName) {
	$output[] = [$bioLibNames->getData($czechName), $czechName];
}
file_put_contents(__DIR__ . '/sources/input_with_latin_names.txt', implode("\n", array_map(function ($line) { return implode(';', $line); }, $output)));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Upright Cleaners are the most used make of vacuum, and they are good for cleaning large, clear carpeted floor surfaces. Upright cleaners have a pump that is attached above the suction usage in addition to a bag is fixed on the handle which is waist-high. These kinds of cleaners normally have mechanisms such as mechanical beaters and also rotating brushes to aid equally distribute grime and debris. You will find principally 2 types of upright machines: single motor and double motor. Singular motor upright vacuums provide a beater scrub that may be influenced by the hoover motor via strap, and on a two motor upright cleaner, the unit and beater scrubbrush are driven by two individual motors.
Canister Vacuums are practical for hard-to-reach places including staircases, pieces of furniture, and also upholstery. They include a cylindrical model that houses an electric motor and dust bag in another canister compartment which is then hooked up to the hoover head by a hose. In most cases, upright machines appear to have been shown to be very good at washing dirty carpets in unbiased tests, but as canister cleaners usually are lighter in weight, they are offering increased maneuverability.
Battery Driven Vacuums have become efficient for swift clean up of spills and mess, and are excellent for vacuuming the internal parts of vehicles as well as sailboats. These are sometimes battery or electrically powered, but they have restricted suction abilities.
AI bots Cleaners are autonomous, small vacuums that move an area and vacuum until they take care of the entire region. Several robotic floor cleaners can be very sophisticated and supply capabilities such as scheduling opportunities, separate memory, and self-charging bases. Despite the fact that these types of vacuum cleaners are strictly made to supplement a typical, human-operated machine for instance a cylinder and upright, they really are suitable for constant and even week by week touch-up cleanings in the middle ordinary vacuum sessions.
Stick Vacuums are handy and also light weight, additionally they are effectivly used for light cleaning of places similar to hard surfaces or carpet. They might be adaptable, rather low-cost, and make use of plenty of the equivalent accessories as upright machines.
Drum Vacuum cleaners are mainly found in industrial applications. A unit head sits atop an industrial drum and this drum is commonly used as the garbage and also recovery reservoir. electric powered and compressed air drum vacuum cleaners are the most frequent types.
Back-Pack Cleaners, just like Drum Cleaners, are used in professional and industrial places. They're effectively like canister floor cleaners, although you can get ties that really help hold the container on a user's back, which at the same time permits swift clearing of big areas.
Overall , in addition to finding a device dependent on your precise cleaning needs, don't forget to also consider some essential attributes of a cleaner such as the air flow, filtration system, and included attachments.
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text:
Sony CEO Confirms They're Working on the Next PlayStation Console
Sony CEO Confirms They're Working on the Next PlayStation Console
PlayStation PlayStation 5 sony
We've had months of leaks and rumours that indicated Sony was working on the next PlayStation console. Some leaks even listed the specs of the PlayStation 4's successor, while others pointed to a 2019 release date.
What we've not yet had is official confirmation from Sony that the company was working on a new console. That all changed when Sony Interactive Entertainment President, Kenichiro Yoshida, confirmed the news to the Financial Times yesterday.
Related: PlayStation 5 Backwards Compatibility Hinted at in a Sony Patent and Rumours
At this point, what I can say is it's necessary to have a next-generation hardware.
According to the Financial Times, Yoshida's comment was in response to a debate about how Sony is planning to respond to the $70bn global smartphone gaming market, and the "shifting habits of its customers."
In some ways, Sony has been slower than Microsoft to adjust to changes in the market. Cross-play functionality being one example. Xbox announced on Monday that it would begin public testing on Project xCloud in 2019; a streaming service that enables cross-play across multiple platforms. Another example is Xbox's backward compatibility that is a much better service than Sony's PlayStation Now.
That being said, when you're as far ahead in console sales as Sony is over Microsoft, you can afford to hold back on features. According to the latest PlayStation 4 sales, it sold over 80 million units and hold the record as Sony's fast-selling console.
In the Financial Times article, Yoshida pointedly avoided calling the next PlayStation console the PlayStation 5. Now that the news is out, we can expect a grand announcement from Sony about the PS4 successor.
PlayStation 5 Gets its First Official Mention in a…
PlayStation Team Was Largely Left out of the Sony…
First Details of Next-Gen PlayStation 5 Console…
Sony Announces New Boring Limited Edition Days of…
The PlayStation 5 Won't Get Released in the Next 12 Months
Sony Mobile Exiting South Africa
Sony's God of War Documentary, "Raising Kratos" is…
Sony and Microsoft are Partnering on a Game…
Sony Teases 7 More Years of Marvel Movies and TV
Don't Believe Rumours That Sony Interactive…
PlayStation 5 Price Mentioned by Sony's Mark Cerny…
Sony CEO Jim Ryan Details Next-Gen PS5 Release Plans…
Valve Introduces Two New CS: GO Maps Into Casual Matchmaking and More
New Intel Core i9-9900K Gaming CPU and South African Pricing


The Supreme Court decision overturned two lower court decisions holding that California's kangaroo ban interferes with federal support of Australia's wildlife management plans. Legislation allowing kangaroo products made by Adidas and other companies passed the state Senate earlier this year. Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger is being urged by Viva! to veto the legislation if it passes the Assembly.
Viva! opposes kangaroo products because hunters can mistakenly shoot endangered species, and claims that the trade is cruel as kangaroos are sometimes shot during night hunting parties, and many are clubbed to death as babies. It also claims that other species of kangaroo are anything but abundant, with official Australian Government figures showing there are fewer than half as many kangaroos overall as there were in 2001*. Despite fears that such a dramatic decline in numbers could lead to extinction for some species, the commercial kill quota remains high at 3.6 million.
David Beckham ditched his controversial kangaroo skin football boots for synthetic ones in 2006 following a four year campaign by Viva!. The move came after the group sent him disturbing footage of kangaroo slaughter.
"Every year, millions of kangaroos are shot in the wild, at night – unmonitored and out of sight of any witnesses", says Viva! campaigns manager Justin Kerswell. "Over hunting and drought has seen kangaroo populations collapsing. California's long standing protection is vital to stop this apparent drive to extinction for these beautiful animals. This is an important victory for wildlife, but we will be keeping a keen eye on developments – urging Governor Schwarzenegger to terminate any further plans that might put kangaroos in jeopardy.
For further information contact Justin Kerswell on 0117 944 1000 or email justin@viva.org.uk. Or see www.savethekangaroo.com .
Notes for Editors: Images of kangaroos and kangaroo shooting are available from Viva!.