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St. Nicholas Orthodox Church - New Castle PA
In about 1890 the first group of immigrants known as Rusyns, an ethnic group from the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary in Central Europe, settled on the South Side of New Castle, Pennsylvania. This is some dispute on the origin and actual heritage of the Rusyns, who are sometimes referred to as Carpatho-Rusyns or simply Ruthenians. Today, most people identifying themselves as Rusyns reside in the Slovak Republic, Ukraine, or Poland. Most of those who came to New Castle worked in the Aetna Iron Works (Aetna Furnace), a plant on the west bank of the Shenango River that produced iron bars and nails for construction.
Most of the Rusyns that immigrated to the United States settled in western Pennsylvania and brought their own distinct brand of the Eastern Orthodox religion. With married priests within its ranks the Eastern Orthodox Church was often at odds with the mainstream Roman Catholic authorities in the United States. On a larger scale the Eastern Orthodox Church had been at odds with the Roman Catholic Church since a schism (concerning the authority of the Pope) dating back to the 11th Century. This was essentially a battle between the East and the West – the Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox (also known as Greek Catholics) against the Latin-speaking Roman Catholics.
In 1910 the Rusyns, and other closely associated people, founded an Orthodox congregation in New Castle they called St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church. It's likely the congregation – associated with the Orthodox Church – had issues obtaining an official charter due using the word "Catholic," when they were not associated with the Roman Catholic Church. Soon after its establishment the St. Nicholas congregation purchased a small wooden frame church, built by the Welsh Congregational Church, at the corner of South Mill and East Reynolds Streets.
The New Castle News of Saturday, February 12, 1910, reported, "A deal was consummated Friday whereby the old Welsh Congregational church property at South Mill and Reynolds street was disposed of to the Greek Catholic church. The consideration was in the neighborhood of $5,000. Since the erection of the new edifice on East Reynolds between Mill and Jefferson streets, the Welsh Congregation has had no use for the old property and some time ago decided to dispose of it."
The new St. Nicholas congregation was initially served by the Reverend John Danilovich until 1917, when the Reverend Myron Volkay arrived to succeed him. In 1918, as part of a building program, the small church was left in place and used as the foundation as a larger brick church and adjoining rectory were built around it. The old wooden building was essentially encased in brick and enlarged to the rear.
An article in the New Castle News of Saturday, August 31, 1918, explains more about the remodeling effort: "Three bells costing $2,000 have been ordered for the church tower and are expected to be here for the Monday morning service, but owing to freight shipping conditions, they may not arrive in time. A handsome new model altar and some fifty or sixty handsome oil paintings for the interior of the church have also been ordered and will be put in place in the church as soon as they arrive… The remodeling of the former church building and the erection of the parish home has been accomplished at a cost of approximately $26,000… The congregation will also spend at least $12,000 on the interior decoration of the church edifice."
A high mass and dedication and blessing of the cornerstone was held on Monday, September 2, 1918, and overseen by the distinguished Reverend Canon Valentine Gorzo (1869-1943) from McKeesport. The New Castle News of Wednesday, September 3, 1918, mentioned that within the cornerstone "…were placed a list of the priests present, newspapers, religious and other articles of value to future generations, the members of the parish were addressed in their native tongue by the Very Reverend Peter Tarnovsky of Cleveland. Rev. Fr. F. F. O'Shea followed with an address in English, in which he spoke of the fact that the Catholic church holds its unity of faith, even though in different languages, rites and liturgies."
Immediately following the dedication ceremony at the church a congregational parade around the south side was undertaken, followed by a picnic outing at Dewey Park on the west side. Meanwhile, the remodeling of the church continued, which included the addition of beautiful new pews in April 1919.
Much of the effort of the early expansion was led by church members such as Stephen Teplica Sr., who was born in the same small town of Nizne Repase in the modern-day Slovak Republic, and the Reverend Myron Volkay, who transferred to Pittsburgh in early November 1918 and converted to the mainstream Roman Catholic Church. Over the next two years the church was served by four different reverends to include George J. Chegin, Nicholas Duda, Ernest Suba, and Alexander Papp.
The church was officially chartered in early 1920. The New Castle News of Tuesday, January 27, 1920, reported, "Charter for St. Nicholas Greek Catholic church was placed on record at the register and recorder's office this morning. The incorporaters are George Kalleson, John F. Hromyak, John Brunko, George Klenadich, Vasco Hromyak, E. Horvat, John Tinko, George Warso, Andy Hriee."
Sometime in 1920 the helm of pastor was taken over by the Reverend Stephan Varzaly (1890-1957), who left Austria-Hungary (hailing from the modern-day Slovak Republic) in 1920 to come to New Castle and was soon followed by his family. He led the church for the next eleven years or so and later became a leading activist for the Rusyn cause in the United States. Subsequent priests who guided the church over the next three decades included Joseph Milly, Michael Hrabar, Philip Grusheizky, George Maley, Andrew Sabak, Stephen Kolcon, Andrew Pankov, and Daniel Donovan.
It was under the guidance of the Reverend Daniel Donovan, who served as pastor from 1955-1957, that the blessing of the Iconostasis, a large traditional screen or wall of icons and religious paintings, took place on Sunday, October 7, 1956. The New Castle News from Saturday, October 6, 1956, explained, "According to Canon Law, an Orthodox Church may not be consecrated without an Iconostas. Thus, the blessing is actually the summit and completion of the local St Nicholas church. It is proper only for the bishop to bless the Iconostas since he is the highest superior of the diocese." The Bishop Orestes P. Chornock (1883-1977) of Bridgeport, Connecticut, presided over the blessing.
Bishop Chornock, who battled Roman Catholic Church authorities for many years, helped found the breakaway American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese of the U.S.A (ACROD) back in 1938 – of which St. Nicholas eventually became a member. This must have happened in the late 1950's because that's when "Greek Catholic" was generally replaced with "Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Catholic" in the Church's name – i.e. St. Nicholas Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Catholic Church. In later years the church, whose parishioners increasingly came from different ethnic backgrounds, dropped the moniker of "Carpatho-Russian" to become known simply as St. Nicholas Orthodox Church.
Donovan departed in May 1957 and subsequent pastors included the Reverend Michael Hutnyan from 1957-1959, Charles Panchisin from 1959-1962, and John Stefanik from 1962-1968. When Stefanik departed abruptly in March 1968 to take up another post in East Chicago, Indiana, the congregation was apparently without a regular pastor for some time. In the early summer of 1969 the youthful Reverend Richard G. Salley, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, arrived from an assignment in Indiana Harbor, Indiana, to take over as pastor. Salley, who became very active in civic affairs, has guided his faithful flock in New Castle ever since.
The Orthodox congregation of St. Nicholas remains strong to this day. Current parishioners celebrated the 100th anniversary of their church during a ceremony and mass led by the Reverend Salley and other dignitaries on Sunday, October 31, 2010. Salley celebrated forty-six years of faithful service to St. Nicholas Orthodox Church in May 2015.
My maternal great grandparents John and Mary (Brinczkova) LaPatka, immigrants from Austria-Hungary who settled in Chewton in 1901, and their children attended this Orthodox church for many years. The photo above depicts their daughter Irene LaPatka, on the day she married an Italian named George DeMarc of West Pittsburg. George & Irene (my grandparents) are standing in front, while their siblings Pauline LaPatka & Charles DeMarc Jr. (obscured) are in back. (Nov 16, 1946) Full Size
A copy of my maternal grandmother Irene LaPatka's baptism certificate from St. Nicholas. (1945) Full Size
(Mar 2013) Full Size
Thank you for this tremendous site. I was born in Jameson Hospital in 1951 and attended St. Nicholas with my parents George and Mary (Flyak) Kovacs and grandparents Peter and Susan (Duda) Kovacs and Michael and Martha (Lison) Flyak. Peter, who died in 1926, made the wooden knocker used in Good Friday services. My relatives are buried in the St. Nicholas Cemetery on Copper Road off of Route 422. Martha Lison was born and raised in Nizne Repase, Slovakia, and Michael Flyak lived nearby. There's a great website (www.cisarik.com/cemetery-niznerepase.htm) that shows pictures of Nizne Repase including the cemetery with its rather elaborate markers for Lisons, Teplicas, and many others.
I moved to Cleveland with my parents and sister Marilyn in 1966 but remain interested in Lawrence County. We lived on Cascade Street across from Blair Strip Steel and as kids used to explore the old cement factory behind Blairs. I recently discovered from aerial views that there were two more cement factories north of County Line Road by the limestone quarries. I found out that Lehigh Cement bought them from their New Castle owners and abandoned them in the depression. I'd love to know more about these impressive structures and how cement was made there. Our house and neighboring houses were originally cement company houses – there were even cement curbs marking the boundaries. Memories, memories…
— Richard Kovacs · 06/19/2012 02:58 PM · #
(EDITOR'S NOTE) Richard, Thanks so much for the post and the compliments. Small world. My maternal great grandmother Maria "Mary" (Brinczkova) LaPatka was also born in Nizne Repase back in 1882 and her future husband, Jan "John" LaPatka, was born nearby in Olsavica. They met in Pittsburgh and moved to Chewton. They attended St. Nicholas Church and were later buried in St. Nicholas Cemetery. In fact six relatives of mine from the LaPatka family are buried at the cemetery as well… I'll try to find out more about the cement plants you mentioned. Thanks for taking the time to post your comments! Jeff
— Jeff Bales Jr · 07/29/2012 01:22 PM · #
It's evident that the church cornerstone visible in the wedding photo above is different from that on your color photo; presumably the wedding photo shows the original cornerstone. Any chance it can be made out more clearly from your original photo, perhaps scanned at higher resolution?
(I ask because I am working for over 20 years on a history of the Carpatho-Rusyn immigrant settlement of the entire state of Pennsylvania, and these little details are of great interest.)
— Rich Custer · 03/09/2013 11:04 AM · #
(EDITOR'S NOTE) Rich, It appears that your assumption is correct. A closer look at the old photo reveals what looks like five rows of text, vice the four in the newer photo. I know that according to the New Castle News within the original cornerstone was placed, "…a list of the priests present, newspapers, religious and other articles of value to future generations…" If it is a new cornerstone these days I suspect the old stone was removed and opened – perhaps during the 100th anniversary in September 2010. I'll see what I can find out. Not sure I'll be able to get a clearer view of the stone from the old photo but I'll see what I can do. Thanks so much for your inquiry! Maybe we will solve this mystery yet. Jeff
— Jeff Bales Jr. · 03/11/2013 02:41 PM · #
I am doing a lot of research on my gyneology. My father left SE Poland in the 1940's and I believe I may be related to Stephen Varzaly. Historical records indicate that in 1921 Stephen Varzaly left Austria-Hungary to come to St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church in New Castel, Pa. His wife and "six" children followed. Note that Stephen had seven children, not six. I am trying to figure out which child stayed behind in the Slovakia area. The seven children's names were: Eugene Varzaly, Stepen Varzaly, George Varzaly, Adela Varzaly Matiak, Dolores Varzaly Amman, Martha Varzaly Gaydos and Maria Louisa Varzaly Lazor. I suspect it was Maria Lazor that stayed behind but I would love to confirm that with decendents of the Varzaly family. Regards, Ed Lazor
— Ed Lazor · 10/24/2013 02:43 AM · #
My father, Rev. Andrew I. Sabak, served the New Castle Church 1945-1949 as his first parish after ordination as seen above with his name on the baptismal records extract. However, neither he nor Father Varzaly and other priests who were very proud of being Carpatho-Russians (as seen on the cornerstone) would recognize the recent word "Rusyns", which word did not exist back then. Father Varzaly was extremely pro-Russian, as were the bulk of our people from current-day Slovakia and Ukraine.
— Andrew Sabak · 01/31/2014 06:15 PM · #
I am doing gynecology search. My grandfather's name is Julis Gorzo the son of Rev. Valentine Gorzo. I would like to know if he married his son and you could tell me when and if he did, how could I get a copy of the marriage license?
— Doris Aguilar (Gorzo) · 02/03/2014 10:45 PM · #
My maternal grandparents came from Nizne Repase and went to St. Nicholas. They were Joseph and Maria Flack ( were original Flyak but the Ellis Island people Americanized their name ). They lived at 417 E. Reynolds St. My paternal grandparents were from Spisska Nova Ves ( Samuel and Maria Boratko ).
— Eugene ( Gene ) Boratko · 02/11/2014 12:03 PM · #
I amgiving a presentation to the Carpatho-Rusyn Society of Youngston on the C-R churches of Lawrence and Merer counties in PA and Mahoning and Trumbill counties of Ohio. I am seeking information on Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church of New Castle (founded in 1909).
— john schweich · 02/16/2014 09:55 PM · #
HELP ! I would appreciate any information you might have on my patriarchal grandmothers roots from NIZNE REPASNE
Not sure if the spelling is correct but the surnames are BRINCKO, LISON/LESON, lAGONA/LAGANOVA.
— DAVID · 06/16/2014 12:39 PM · #
Wow, so many great posts.
1) Jeff, thank you for the kind words. I have seen the LaPatka family markers in the cemetery.
2) Rich Custer, thank you for working on a history of the Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants. I will be crediting your fine work in my family memoirs.
3) Ed, I had good luck accessing digital records (not the original handwritten documents) from Ancestry.com's Family Search (Mormon LDS records) of baptisms in the Greek Catholic Church in Slovakia. The church placed a 100 year block on the original documents. Even though the ones I requested are older, there are still records on the same film roll within the 100 year period, so you cannot access any of them! But you can see the digital records that were typed into a computer by an archivist. It shows the names, dates, events, etc. For some reason my maternal grandmother's digital record is missing and I asked them to check the film roll for it, but all of her siblings are there.
4) Andrew, you are correct that in our youth we were considered to be American Carpathian Russians and members of the Orthodox Christian Greek Catholic Church, usually stated, I believe, as St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox American Greek Catholic Church.
The term 'Carpatho-Rusyn' and its Latinized name 'Ruthenian' have early roots. Friends of mine whose family came from the same region in Slovakia as my grandparents insist that we are Ruthenian, not Russian. That sentiment evidently has spread.
The state of Kievan Rus' was established in 882 CE by Varangians (Swedish Vikings) who invaded the area. Russia, which the Varangians settled in 862—the beginning of Russian history—is derived from 'Rus'. Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongol invasion of the 1240s. Area Slavic states became part of the Golden Horde Empire, parts of which lasted until 1480. One of the impacts of the Mongol invasion was the separation of Russia and Ukraine into separate countries.
Carpatho-Rusyns refused to adopt the name Ukrainian in the early 20th century. Poland and Czechoslovakia banned the term Rusyn in 1945, but today Slovakia, Ukraine, Poland, and Hungary officially recognize Rusyns as an ethnic minority. Evidently, our European relatives asked that they be called Rusyns.
A 1911 Austria Hungary map clearly shows a fairly broad area of present-day Slovakia that includes Nizne Repase as being Ruthenian, not Russian or Ukrainian. It's believed that a state of Ruthenia did briefly exist.
Fr. Varzaly objected to the Holy See intending that new Greek Catholic priests no longer marry, and he held a preference for bringing St. Nicholas under the Patriarch of Constantinople (not under the Patriarch of Moscow).
5) Doris, all marriage records in Pennsylvania are kept by the counties (Marriage License Clerk in the County Courthouse).
http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/vital_records/8736/pennsylvania_marriage_and_divorce_records/524158
New Castle is in Lawrence County. Call the Marriage License Clerk at (724) 658-2541. Or you may go to Ancestry.com and use their 2 week free access—you'll need to give them a valid credit card number first in case you run over the free period. You can find the marriage records in their data base or in the Family Search (Mormons LDS) data base that Ancestry makes available.
6) Eugene, my Aunt Anne Flyak Chuba told me that Flyak is the Hungarian (Magyarized) spelling and that the true spelling was 'Flak'. I've seen it spelled that way in Greek Catholic Church records from Slovakia, but I've also seen it as Flyak and Flack. (Although Slovakia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary for nearly 1,000 years, Magyarization came mostly after 1849 with the formation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. I no longer have access to the church records, but a look back at names before 1849 may show its real spelling. They go back to the early 1600s, as I recall.)
7) David, my grandmother, Martha Lison (Marta Liszony in Hungarian, as Magyarized) was born in Nizne Repase, Slovakia in 1905. She died in Youngstown, Ohio in 1989. Her mother was Martha Kascak and her father was Peter Lison. Her siblings were all born in Nizne Repase, as follows: 1883-Joannes, 1886-Petrus, 1888-Maria, 1889-Catharina, 1894-Stephanus, 1895-Anna, 1898-Georgius.
Joannes (John) must have died young; Peter had two sons and four daughters; Mary Brincko had three sons and two daughters; Catherine Brincko had two sons and four daughters (Catherine Sopkovich, Julia Lamski, Margaret, and Mary Shields); Stephen must have died young; Anna Hnatt (an earlier Anna had died at birth) had two sons and four daughters; and George had one son and four girls. I have a photo of my grandmother and her two Youngstown sisters at the time of my mother's wedding in 1948.
8) It's genealogy, not gynecology!
This is a reply to Ed Lazor. Father Varzaly was my maternal grandfather. In 1920 he emigrated to the United States on assignment to St. Nicholas Greek Catholic Church in New Castle, Pennsylvania. My grandmother was prepared to make the trip with him with two boys (Eugene, Stephen) but she discovered she was pregnant. After Adele (Adeline) was born in 1921 my grandmother and the three children who were born in Fulianka followed. Three more kids (George, Delores and Martha) were born in New Castle. The family moved in 1932 to the parish of Saint Michael's Greek Catholic Church in Rankin, Pennsylvania where the 7th child, Maria Louisa (Mary Lou) was born. (She married Joe Lazor, nephew of Metropolitan Theodosis and brother of Very Rev. Paul Lazor who served as Dean of St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary) Here is the link to the Wiki article on Father Varzaly: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Varzaly
— Valerie Gaydos · 11/20/2015 12:18 PM · #
I am requesting to speak with Father Sally about my family situation.
He knows my family very well and I am in desperate need of his help.
He can call me at either 724-658-8365 or 724-498-2964.
— Art Hazimanolis · 05/20/2016 05:48 PM · #
Hi Father Salley,
I was wondering if you could help me find family history on how Archbishop Nicholas T. Elko is related to my father….Andrew Baka. . My dad, mom, and brother are buried in St. Nicholas Cemetery.
My dad left me a cross with Christ and the skull and bones symbolizing Adam's sins and I think rosewood on background. I'm interested in family. My dad and his parents were from Tubetown section of Mahoningtown. I married and live in Erie but faithfully visit the cemetery about four times a year.
Thank you for all of your service and dedication to the church and community.
Unfortunately, I don't have much information. My grandparents were Andrew and Mary Kolesar Baka.
— Barbara Jaruszewicz · 07/06/2017 01:36 PM · #
My grandfather and his brothers came from Nizne Repase, which I visited on 2006. I still have 2nd cousins living there. My cousin Maria Teplicova of Nizne Repase has a best friend whose last name is Lisonova, the female version of Lison. Could be a distant relative of Martha Lison. I grew up in St. Nicholas church and remember the Flyaks and someone named Olga Lazor both names mentioned above.
— Linda Teplica · 05/18/2018 01:00 PM · #
The term Rusyn isn't new; it applied to our ancestors since at least the mid-1800s. In America, Rusyns are often referred to as Carpatho-Rusyns to indicate where in Europe they come from. Europeans already know, so they simply say Rusyns. Ruthenian is a broader term which includes Lemkos, Hutsuls, Rusyns, and other Subcarpathian peoples.
The term Subcarpathia is often used by scholars to describe a portion of Transcarpathia that emcompasses Ruthenians, although technically it refers to the lowland areas west, north and east of the Carpathian Mountains. Our people were from the southern slopes, the lowlands of which make up the Pannonian (or Hungarian) Basin.
In a highly researched and detailed book titled "The Rusyns of Hungary" by Maria Mayer, the author describes the efforts in the latter half of the 19th century by Russians and Subcarpathian Russophiles to convert our Rusyn ancestors from their traditional Greek Catholic faith to Eastern Orthodoxy in a Pan-Slavic movement.
St. Nicholas Church was founded as a Greek Catholic church — not an orthodox church — by Rusyns in 1910. Greek Catholics had been in full communion with the Holy See of Rome since the Union of Uzhhorod in 1646, in which our priests were granted the right to marry and the Old Slavonic Liturgy and Cyrillic alphabet and other concessions were agreed to. Interestingly, it was the Jesuits who convinced the Holy See to grant these concessions in order to prevent wholesale conversion to the Eastern Orthodox faith.
Our poor ancestors tired of excessive demands placed on them by the Greek Catholic priests (to cook and clean for them and donate more money), so many converted to Eastern Orthodoxy, both before and after the turn of the previous century. The issues followed them to America. When Rome reneged on key provisions of the Union of Uzhhorod — new priests in America must be celebate, Liturgical Latinisation, among others — America's Greek Catholic priests began looking to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy, too.
St. Nicholas eventually converted to Eastern Orthodoxy under ACROD. Rev. Varzaly supported ACROD, even serving as treasurer; but many years after leaving St. Nicholas, he became disenchanted with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodoxy), believing the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian Orthodoxy) would better serve our people. ACROD remained with Constantinople but St. Nicholas became Russian Orthodox in name.
Many Americans these days are unaware of Rusyn ethnic identification and say our people are Russian or Ukrainian. The unfortunate term Russian Orthodox somewhat masks our distinctly Rusyn identity. Russians have long been trying to pull together all the nationalities from the original Kievan Rus' federation, including ethnic Rusyns. Equally concerning is that the Ukrainians say Rusyns are really Ukrainians. The various Subcarpathian ethnic groups experienced different governance and customs over many centuries. There's a strong movement underway to recognize Rusyns as the distinct ethnic group they are, whether or not they reestablish a Ruthenian nation, as briefly existed at the end of World War I.

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Choosing A Domain Name: A few tips
A Domain name is an identification string (a sequence of characters) that is used to identify one or more Internet Protocol addresses. Choosing a domain name for your website, be it personal or business, is an important process, as when someone thinks of your website they'll immediately think of it by its name, as such, it is important to choose the same or similar name for both your website and your domain.
Choosing a domain name that helps people remember and find it easily is an important point. The other things to remember when giving a name to your domain are:
Easy to spell:
More often then not if the name of your domain has a confusing spelling, then people will find it difficult to find your website, and may soon lose interest in searching for it. As such, ensure that the domain name is easy to spell and remember.
Shorter Name:
Ensure that your domain name is short, as it will be easier for your visitors to remember and to type, as well as publicize about it to others. While sometimes a longer name is easier to remember, it is preferable to go for a shorter name as long as the name isn't an obscure one, for example something like "gaepw.com", which will make it harder for people to remember, and as such should be avoided.
Use of Hyphens:
Using Hyphen in the name of your domain does make it a clever domain name as it will help the search engines easily distinguish your site from others of similar name, it also has some disadvantages where the visitors may easily forget the correct placement of the hyphens. Because of this, if you do place a hyphen in your domain name, ensure that it is placed in a manner that is easy to remember.
Use of plurals and singulars while Choosing a domain name:
When giving a domain name for your website, ensure that the name makes sense in its plural or singular form. Also if possible purchase both the singular and plural forms of your domain name, so as to ensure that the visitors are redirected to your website, regardless of whether or not the name name they typed was the singular or plural form of your domain name. For example: if your domain name is "game.com", and you have purchased both "game" as well as "games", then if one were to type "games.com" one would still be directed to your website. But if possible simply avoid names that have a singular/plural form.
Keyword while Choosing a domain name:
Choose a domain name that has many keywords related to your site. If your site is about beaded jewelery, then ensure that your domain name contains "bead" in it. This will help your visitors to properly understand and remember your site.
Use Domain Name Tools:
Use tools like "Domain Name Generator", "Domain Name Searcher" and other similar tools to ensure that your domain name does not clash with existing ones.
The above are few tips that can help you choose a domain name for your website. Following these tips will help you create unique and clever names from which choosing a domain name that suits your tastes will be easy.
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Oil inventories are dropping, federal regulations are dissipating, and OPEC members are committed to limiting production.
The year ahead holds immense promise for oil companies.
Oil field services are getting expensive, labor is in short supply, and higher prices could limit demand growth. Exploration and production companies will struggle to compete in 2018.
The energy business is finally getting back to normal.
After three and a half years, the oil glut produced by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in the United States is shrinking. Inventory at the Cushing, Okla., trading hub fell to 51.4 million barrels, the lowest level since March 2015, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Shrinking inventories have triggered higher prices. In June 2017, the price for West Texas Intermediate crude was $42.53 a barrel, but this year begins at about $60.
Most analysts predict WTI will average $55 a barrel in 2018, a price high enough for the best wells to make money, but low enough to keep producers from drilling second-tier wells. Prices are nowhere near June 2014's $107, but are far better than the $26 barrel of February 2016.
President Donald Trump's administration, meanwhile, is promoting U.S. "energy dominance" by slashing regulations.
The Bureau of Land Management on Thursday repealed its rules for hydraulic fractured wells on federal land, leaving only state regulations in place. The federal Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, responsible for offshore wells, is rolling back safety regulations put in place following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico.
"It's time for a paradigm shift in the way we regulate," said Scott Angelle, the director of the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement.
While these changes should boost U.S. oil profit margins, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries holds the real key to keeping prices high. And its 14 members along with Russia appear committed to keeping 1.8 million barrels a day off the market in 2018.
Saudi Arabia needs high prices to generate value for the shares it is selling in Aramco, the country's national oil company. Other cartel members need high prices to cover government budgets.
That leaves American shale drillers to meet new global demand. The U.S. added 1 million barrels a day of new production in 2017 and exported 954 million barrels a day of it, according to the EIA.
In early 2018, oil producers are expected to break the American record of 10.4 million barrels a day pumped in November 2017.
Higher production comes from more drilling and longer wells, though, which means higher costs.
"It will be interesting to see how cost inflation plays out against productivity gains in 2018," said Jessica Brewer, principal upstream analyst at research and consulting firm Wood Mackenzie. Drillers have already captured most of the easy savings, and per-barrel production costs are likely to rise.
Oil field services firms heavily discounted their work following the 2014 bust, and now that prices are rising, so will the cost of their services as they expect their cut.
More drilling also requires more workers, but companies are finding it hard to lure people back to the oil industry after three years of layoffs and pay cuts. Midland and Odessa, at the center of the Permian Basin, have unemployment rates of 2.6 percent and 3.4 percent respectively, and they need more workers.
"This has been an unusual year from the standpoint that it's been steady in terms of growth," Willie Taylor, CEO of Workforce Solutions Permian Basin, told my colleague at the Midland Reporter-Telegram. "We're placing 300, 400 a month out of our offices."
The other dangers of higher prices, of course, include producers getting over-excited and creating another glut, or running up prices so high they hurt demand. This time around, investors who were burned by past boom-and-bust cycles, are pressuring executives to prioritize profits over barrels.
"The shale hype seems to be over, with CEOs and management teams being held strongly accountable to deliver positive cash flow over production growth," said Chris Midgley, global head of analytics at S&P Global Platts. "Planned capital investments across oil over the next couple of years of around $300 billion show that the industry is not underinvesting and is on target."
If all market players stay on target, 2018 could be a stable and profitable year for the oil industry. But when has that ever happened?
U.S. producers are like race horses, their instinct is to compete by pumping more oil. If they can squeeze more crude out of each well for the same cost, that could create another glut.
Russian oil companies have also made their displeasure with the current production quotas clear. While President Vladimir Putin has committed them to at least another six months of restraint, they will eventually balk at letting U.S. exporters gain global market share at their expense and flood the market with cheaper oil.
The fundamental problem of excess oil production capacity remains, and that will cap how high prices can go and limit profits. The oil business may be looking up in 2018, but that doesn't mean it will be easy.


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Otah & Friends: Camp Stardust
Otah & Friends is a family entertainment brand featuring original characters inspired by Singapore's wildlife. Following three successful runs at Gardens By The Bay and Suntec City, Otah & Friends is back with its fourth edition – Camp Stardust!
A forest adventure awaits you at Camp Stardust! Complete exciting challenges and navigate mazes with Otah, while collecting courage badges to become a Stardust Scout! Keep a lookout for our new character Sambal, who will be making his
debut!
Look forward to elaborate multi-room sets, imaginative storytelling and interactive game technology, designed to encourage family bonding and to introduce values education through play.
Venue: Exhibition Gallery, Basement Level, National Museum
Hours: During school holidays season: 10am – 7pm daily
Outside school holidays season: 1pm – 7pm on weekdays (closed on Tuesdays), 10am – 7pm on weekends & public holidays
Admission: $24 per pax for a regular ticket (2 – 4 pax)
Suitable for all ages, but please note that children under the age of 12 will require an accompanying adult
Tickets available HERE
When: 15 Nov 2021 - 20 Mar 2022, 55 minutes per session
By: National Museum of Singapore


Drink More Good Cucumber Mint Earl Grey Syrup starts out as raw organic cane sugar and distilled water. We combine them to make our syrups, then infuse the essence of locally sourced and organic herbs and spices until the flavor profile is just right. Our Cucumber Mint Earl Grey syrup is made with Common Ground Farm cucumbers and mint and organic earl grey tea.
To use, simply mix 1 oz. of DMG Cucumber Mint Earl Grey Syrup with 12 ozs. of seltzer water over ice and gently stir. Cut the recipe in half and try a flavored seltzer instead of a soda!


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Next:COUNTER-TERRORISM: The Baghdad Test
Naval Air: P-3s Pile On The Pirates
January 5, 2010: Three more American P-3 maritime reconnaissance aircraft have been sent to the Seychelles islands, to search for pirates. Beginning last Summer, the United States has had one P-3 and at least one Reaper UAVs operating from the Seychelles islands, to search for Somali pirates operating far from their bases. One of these Reapers has been seen carrying a large pod under one wing. This appears to be a reconnaissance camera pod, that can take digital photos of large areas of water, over a hundred kilometers from the aircraft. Ideally, you want a maritime reconnaissance aircraft to carry a surface search radar, but this pod does not appear to be a radar. Moreover, a surface search radar would require much more electricity than a camera pod.
Since late last year, Somali pirates have been operating as far east as the Seychelles, which are a group of 115 islands 1,500 kilometers from the east African coast. The islands have a total population of 85,000 and no military power to speak of. Except for a small coast guard, they are defenseless against pirates. So are many of the ships moving north and south off the East Coast of Africa. While ships making the Gulf of Aden run know they must take measures to deal with pirate attacks (posting lookouts 24/7, training the crew to use fire hoses and other measures to repel boarders, hanging barbed wire on the railings and over the side to deter boarders), this is not so common for ships operating a thousand kilometers or more off the east coast of Africa. Ships in this area were warned late last year that they were at risk. Now, the pirates are out in force, demonstrating that the risk is real.
An increasing number of mother ships, usually captured fishing trawlers (able to stay out for weeks at a time, and carry speed boats for attacks) are traveling farther from the coast in the search of victims. The P-3s can search large areas of the high seas in search of these mother ships, which warships are now hunting down. There are also several non-U.S. P-3s operating from Djibouti, which is one of Somalia's western neighbors.
But there are some problems. The American built P-3C maritime reconnaissance aircraft is getting old. The average age of the U.S. P-3Cs is 28 years. The P-3 entered service in 1962. The current version has a cruise speed of 610 kilometers per hour, endurance of up to 13 hours and a crew of eleven. The 116 foot long, propeller driven aircraft has a wingspan of nearly 100 feet. The P-3C can carry about ten tons of weapons (torpedoes, mines, or missiles like Harpoon and Maverick).
The 63 ton P-3 is based on the 1950s era Lockheed Electra airliner. The last P-3 was built in 1990. A more likely replacement for these elderly search planes, are UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), like Global Hawk or smaller aircraft like Predator and Reaper. These UAVs typically stay in the air for 24 hours, or more, at a time. What maritime reconnaissance aircraft need, more than anything else, is endurance or, as the professionals like to put it, "persistence."
A fully equipped, for maritime patrol, Reaper costs over $20 million each. Such a reaper can spot ships below night and day, and has cameras that can zoom in on any ship or speedboat for a detailed video close up. A P-3 aircraft can only stay in the air for half as long as a Reaper, but carriers more sensors and weapons. A P-3 also requires a larger ground crew, and more maintenance after each flight.
Nevertheless, the demand for Reapers in Afghanistan, and the skill and experience of the P-3 crews, makes the P-3 the most effective, and available, maritime recon aircraft for the anti-piracy patrol.
AIR DEFENSE: The Perils Of Popularity
COUNTER-TERRORISM: The Baghdad Test
Naval Air: Current 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999


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Motivation supporters help disabled children in Uganda go to school
To mark International Day of People with Disabilities, Motivation today launches our UK Aid Match All-Stars Appeal, which will support disabled children in Uganda to go to primary school.
The UN's theme this year is 'the future is accessible'. Sadly this sentiment does not apply to 91% of disabled children in Uganda who currently miss out on primary education due to discrimination.
Stigma around disability denies disabled children a chance to learn, socialise or even join in with their communities.
Without vital schooling, disabled children are left with low confidence, limited job prospects and little hope of becoming independent. But when disabled children – like Waldah – are included at school, it makes all the difference to their lives.
Waldah is the only disabled child at her school in Uganda, but her teacher Qasasa works hard to make sure she can join in:
Waldah is really good. She takes a longer time to learn, but the end result is very good… She has improved so much through playing with the other children.
After having a chance to join school, Waldah has built confidence, become more mobile and started making friends. Her mum, Lucy, is thrilled with her progress:
Waldah has changed completely – she couldn't speak three years ago but now she can speak! She can walk and she can really sing. She is eating independently, and her communication is good.
Motivation's All-Stars Appeal will use sports and games to break the stigma around disability and ensure all children can be included – in school, on the playing field and in community life.
The appeal aims to raise £240,000 and all public donations between 3 December 2019 and 3 March 2020 will be doubled by the UK government.
With donations doubled, Motivation can create sports clubs that will give disabled children the confidence to play shoulder to shoulder with non-disabled peers. We can provide teacher training to create schools where differences are embraced and everyone has the chance to learn. We can train sports coaches to mentor disabled children and teach them about their rights.
We are delighted that our appeal is supported by Jordan Jarrett-Bryan, Channel 4 presenter, former wheelchair basketball star, disability sport mentor and Motivation supporter. He said:
I know what it's like to be excluded because of how disability is perceived. At 13 I was told that I couldn't be part of my football team anymore – it was crushing. I couldn't join in with my friends and for the first time it felt like my disability was holding me back. But when I discovered wheelchair basketball everything changed: it totally restored my belief in what I could do with my life.
So I'm delighted to support Motivation's All-Stars Appeal and help give disabled children in Uganda the chance to be champions too. By using sport and play to break local stigma around disability, Motivation will ensure all children can go to school and build positive futures. This appeal is a great chance to make real change.
Jennifer Browning is a former Paralympian for Team USA and a Motivation Trustee. About the appeal, she said:
All children have dreams, ambitions and a desire to succeed. We believe that disabled children should be given an equal chance to show what they can do when given a chance to join in. We know that sports and play can provide an inclusive environment, so that disability is no longer seen as a barrier to achievement.
Public donations will help disabled people across the developing world become mobile, independent and empowered. Match funding from the UK government will support Motivation's All-Stars project in Uganda to level the playing field and ensure all disabled children are included.
Read more about Waldah, her mum, Lucy, and her teacher, Qasasa.
Read more about UK Aid Match.
For further information please contact Anna Reeve, [email protected], 0117 944 9845.
We're grateful to everyone who supported Motivation's All-Stars Appeal. You will be helping us to level the playing field for generations of disabled people.
Published: 3rd December, 2019


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Act 1: Scene 1, Part 1
Act 2: Scenes 1 & 2
Full Play
Full Play Summary
Berniece
Boy Willie
Wining Boy
Doaker
August Wilson Biography & Background on The Piano Lesson
Summary Act 1: Scene 1, Part 1
Note: The action of the play takes place in the kitchen and parlor of Doaker's sparsely furnished home in 1930s Pittsburgh. The old, upright piano, its legs decorated with mask-like totems in the manner of African sculpture, dominates the parlor.
Summary: Act 1: Scene 1, Part 1
The play opens at dawn. Wilson calls for a portentous "stillness" akin to the gathering of a storm. Boy Willie knocks at the door and calls for his Uncle Doaker. Doaker lets him in, and Willie enters with his more taciturn partner, Lymon. The two have come from Mississippi in a rickety truck to sell watermelons. Lymon plans to stay in Pittsburgh.
Against Doaker's admonishments, Willie calls for his sister Berniece. He has not seen her in three years, having spent time on the Parchman Prison Farm. She enters on the stairs and chides her brother for making so much noise. Willie then asks his uncle for a drink for they all have cause to celebrate: the Ghosts of the Yellow Dog have drowned Sutter in his own well. As we learn later, the Sutter family owned the Charles during slavery.
Berniece refuses to believe such foolishness. Suspicious, she asks how the boys procured their truck. Lymon bought it, needing a place to hide from the sheriff and Jim Stovall. Berniece presses him to explain and we will learn Lymon's story later. She wants them out of her house as soon as possible. Indeed, she is surprised they have not woken her daughter, Maretha. Willie immediately calls Maretha down. Berniece returns upstairs in frustration.
Changing the subject, Willie asks about Doaker's brother and ex-recording star, Wining Boy. In his middle age, Wining Boy has become a wanderer, returning to his family when broke.
Lymon then asks about the piano. Apparently Willie intends to sell it and, with the profits from the watermelons as well, use the money to buy Sutter's land. Sutter's brother has presented himself as eager to sell to Willie owing to their families' shared history. Willie is all too aware that he is trying to cheat him but is bent on starting his own farm.
In any case, Doaker is sure Berniece will not part with the piano. While Maretha is taking piano lessons, Berniece has not touched it since Mama Ola died. For her, it has blood on it. In this sense, the piano has becomes a taboo object for her, or something sacred. Indeed, Avery Brown—a preacher courting Berniece who followed her to Pittsburgh when her husband Crawley died—tried to get her to sell her piano to a local white man collecting instruments and help him start his church, but Berniece refused. Willie schemes to get in touch with the prospective buyer himself.
Suddenly Berniece cries out off-stage: "Go on get away." Willie rushes up, passing her has she enters. Berniece claims she has seen Sutter's ghost, dressed in a blue suit and holding the top of his head to keep it from coming off. Staring at her, he called Boy Willie's name. Willie is incredulous, thinking that his sister is imagining things. It remains unlikely that Sutter could find his way to Pittsburgh and travel so far in the first place. Berniece is convinced that her brother pushed Sutter into the well. She orders the men out anew, blaming Willie for Crawley's death. Willie protests, saying that Sutter is not looking for him, but for the piano, and Berniece should get rid of it. Utterly exasperated, she goes upstairs with Doaker to wake Maretha.
Analysis: Act 1: Scene 1, Part 1
The Piano Lesson begins with a quotation from Skip James, a Mississippi blues musician discovered in the 1930s: "Gin my cotton Sell my seed Buy my baby Everything she need." In some sense, this epigraph condenses what most critics identify as the central thematic conflict of the play: the question of what to do with one's legacy. This conflict over legacy appears as the choice between forging ahead and climbing the economic ladder or attending to the memory of past injustices. Thus, early in the scene, Boy Willie will repeat Skip James's refrain in describing his plans to start his own farm: "Gin my cotton. Get my seed." With his scheme, Willie would achieve the economic self-sufficiency only recently made possible for blacks in America. Implicit in this self-sufficiency, as the song makes clear ("Buy my baby/ Everything she need"), is a concept of masculinity: as his brash posturing suggests, the farm will make Willie more of a man. Indeed, in buying the land his family once worked on as slaves, Willie will later imagine himself as the son following in and surpassing his father's legacy, as the heir avenging his ancestors.
Willie's ascension to the position of landowner, however, is contingent on the sale of an heirloom that incarnates his ancestral history, which is stained with the family's blood under Berniece's vigilant protection. As we learn soon after this scene, this history begins with slavery. In this light, the Skip James lyrics become a double entendre: "Sell my seed/Buy my baby." The trauma at the heart of this family history is precisely the traffic in human flesh echoed in the song, the sale of the totemic figures depicted on the piano's legs. This sale rent the Charles family in two, splitting it between slave owners. Thus piano's recovery at one level symbolizes for the ensuing generations the avenging of this sale, the recovery and reunion of the ones lost. Carved in a vaguely African manner, the lost figures also clearly represent a connection to a lost mother Africa. With this in mind, the sale of the piano, a sale that would reduce it to capital, becomes a turn away from the past and its traumas in the name of advancement. Thus Willie's insistence on economic advancement will often appear as a denial of the suffering and blood that stains the family history. Throughout the play, the past will weigh heavily on even the apparently easy-going dialogue.
It is not for nothing that the preservation of this past falls upon Berniece, along with the figure of the dead Mama Ola, pictured as conscientiously polishing it every day. The rather unfortunate gendered division of labor the play presents in managing the family legacy will become clear in the siblings' ultimate reconciliation. The distinction is between the son who would literally use his legacy as capital and the daughter who cannot use her legacy at all. Berniece leaves the piano untouched. As we will learn, she has not passed on its history either. As the stage notes underline, she is above all a woman in mourning, unable to work through the family's many traumas, traumas that—as the Berniece's memory of Mama Ola suggests—persist across generational lines. Berniece will constantly order the constantly forward- looking Boy Willie and all the "confusion" he brings out of her house.
With all these conflicts over legacy, this scene can only be haunted. Along with the totems staring out at the household, two other ghosts appear explicitly. The Ghosts of the Yellow Dog, the ghosts of Willie and Berniece's murdered father and his hobo companions, and the ghost of Sutter lurking upstairs. Sutter's ghost will literally weighs down on the household throughout the play, having comes to avenge its death or perhaps even reclaim the piano and the family it once owned. A showdown between them seems imminent.
As we will see, unnamed ghosts haunt this scene as well. These ghosts include, for example, the siblings' father or their grandfather and Boy Willie's namesake, Willie Boy and sculptor of the piano. The effects of these ghosts manifest themselves in the ambiguity among the agents and actors of the play, an ambiguity produced in the way the past haunts the present. We are unsure whether the ghosts or Willie kill Sutter. As the argument between Berniece and Willie indicate, it is unclear whether he comes for his murderer or for the piano that records his crimes.
Next section Act 1: Scene 1, Part 2
The Piano Lesson (SparkNotes Literature Guide)
Ace your assignments with our guide to The Piano Lesson!
Popular pages: The Piano Lesson
Berniece CHARACTERS
Important Quotes Explained QUOTES
Full Book Quiz QUICK QUIZZES


It has been so good hearing from everyone this week!
Today was the typical halfway point kinda day (if ya know what I mean). It was also different because we did not have to travel at all, BLESSED. That means less dirt in between our toes, but sadly less smiling faces that we pass while traveling. This morning we also changed things up and had an adult conference rather than splitting up in groups and going hut to hut or construction.
The day was filled with dancing (mostly by Ashley Guy… what's new?) and Al's classic sermon. While the majority of the team was focused in the church, a few strong men were slaving away diggin' up dem holez DIGGIN' (get it? From Holes the movie?). Winding down the day with Pasta and no bake oatmeal cookies (yumm), we got together in our small groups and like always got to break down the happy's and crappy's of our day, but mostly happy's.
Waking up with sand fleas was for sure not the highlight of my day. But, as I continued on with my day, I could not help but to be thankful for the little things. Playing with the orphans for the hour between VBS's was the best part of my day. I can't help but be selfish with how much I love to hold them and just love on them in general. Prayers are in need for the sand fleas and as the mission trip is coming to an end, that I continue to have energy. Miss & love all my friends (who are not already here) and my family.
HIIIIIIIII my beautiful peeps! 🙂 So, today along with the rest of the week has been oh so amazing. God is great and has done some amazing work in all of our hearts. The people here are so sweet and I am so thankful God chose me to love on them. But you already know my favorite part……the BABIES! I have hugged and kissed so many cuties this week! It is so heart breaking to hold them and have them latch on even tighter when it is time to put them down.
They genuinely love anyone who will just spend time with them; anyone who will just hug them; anyone who will just hold their hand. The feeling is indescribable. I met my one little man, Jerry. Jerry is the youngest of the orphans at the mission -2 years. He is so special to my heart. He brings me so much joy. I look forward to my time with him as well as all the orphans every single day. I've also gotten to know a mission kid the past few days. Izzie is the most outgoing little 4 year-old I have ever known. She has a heart of gold and brings everyone so much joy, especially in the mornings. Izzie is my SPIRIT ANIMAL.
Even through the struggles of Pat the Rat, mosquitos, hot water, and blisters, I could not imagine spending my spring break anywhere else with anyone else. God is fearlessly working in Haiti. I have learned so much this week and am so thankful I get to be a small part of God's work.
Like I can't tell y'all how much I miss y'all, seriously so so so so much… also everything I do here, I just think about how much I can not wait to tell you both all about it. I've grown so much here spiritually and in maturity. I've gained a greater understanding of what blessings I have in my life and what they truly mean. I cannot begin to thank y'all for not only what you've blessed me with growing up, but the way you've raised me and shown me grace. No matter how much glory I give you, it all goes to God and through him that you are both my greatest blessings.
Y'all I have had such joy in my heart this week. Small baby Haitian's or elderly Haitian's melt my heart with their big smiles and shiny white teeth. We know that I'm such an affectionate human, but the affection of the Haitian's cant even compare. I literally walk up to a group of children in the street and their arms open wide.
Although my heart is filled with so much joy there's been times of weakness. There's snoring… ya… y'all know its very difficult for me… but you know what, God has been so good and eventually I've been so exhausted I sleep right through the roars. There's also been a rat. I'm sure y'all have read his name is Pat. I've seen him four times now, but again God has blessed me with comfort and peace to not be afraid while I'm sleeping.
Mom, HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!!!!!!!!!! HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!! HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!
I love you so much best friend, and I really wish I were there to celebrate with you and dad. You are so special and you deserve the best day!
So just want to let you both know I'm alive and doing so well and love Jesus more than ever. He is so good!!!!!!!!! Ok can't wait to see y'all and tell you both about this amazing journey. Hope all is well, tell Will, Sam, and Jayden I say hello! Love you all very much, see you soon. ❤ XOXOXOXOXO Go Kappa.
Ham, Spam, Give me some lamb…of God.
Hit, fit, sit… with God daily.
God, God, God… with God.
Feel free to leave comments. Comments will be read at dinner each night.
Oh my goodness seeing all of you guys pictures is killing me! I wish I was with y'all. I have been praying so hard for you guys this week as you spread the news in Haiti. For all of last years crew just remember we are called grape vines not peanuts and that God treasures his crop! Squeeze all those beautiful people for me.
Or leave it! I love you!
As your week has quickly come to an end, I'm sure you feel that you have accomplished so so much, yet so so little at the same time. Each one of you have made such an impact in these children's lives. God chose each of you to do his handiwork and from the pictures, y'all have done an amazing job. The saying all good things must come to and end,……..Well the trip has come to and end but what all of you did for Gods people in Haiti will never end. They will always remember and practice the good that you have done. Jesus provided you an amazing opportunity and you should be very proud of yourselves. I'm so ready to see my Ashley Kate ! But I'm thankful that she and everyone else wanted to take time to spread God's word.
Now as all of you travel back home we will be praying for safety and good health!
What exciting things God continues to do through those connected with TTU Wesley! I think about the many, many students who have made the trek to Haiti over the past several years with Al at the helm, and I have to say how incredibly proud and humbled and blessed I am to be the one he chose to be his wife. Especially when he looks so cool in stolen Ray Bans.
I know this trip every year is hard physically and mentally, but he is obedient to the call God has given him, and he rocks it!
Maddi, I pray you are loving your time in Haiti. To get to go twice in 8 months is nothing short of a miracle! Just like you are! I hope Pat isn't getting anywhere near you!! Spring break sure is quieter here without you, but I know you are where God wants you to be. I'm so proud of you! Give all those sweet kids big hugs!
Praying for protection over all of you physically, mentally, and spiritually as your time in Haiti is past the half-way point. It can be exhausting and a struggle at times, but continue to keep your eyes on Jesus and His goals for this trip.
Hello Team! I hope all is well and no one has gotten eaten alive by bed bugs (cough cough cody). Wow you have come so far congrats! Ive loved keeping up with the blogs. I hope everyones butts arent too sore from the tap tap, but even if they are the lord is still good! Kristen, i love that you went to the beach with magdalie I fell in love with that little girl. Keep it up in the clinic guys, Lindsey your hair rocks. Jacob and scott, sounds like you killed it with animal noises at VBS praise God! Bread and randy your daily updates give me life. I shall pray for the roosters to be silent and for pat to stay hidden. My friends that I didnt mention by name, i cant wait to hear all of your stories and see your sick tanlines. I LOVE YALL STAY SAFE HUG BABIES AND BE THE FACE OF JESUS YOU ONLY HAITI ONCE UNLESS YOUR EMILY AND HAITI 4 TIMES. P hunt and arujo keep it real homies and sally keep the sass on a resonable level. Ok bye for real i love yall.
hello party people. this blog has blessed me much this week and I am so excited about the ways God is moving in and through you guys! I know that Haiti is the actual best place and also one of the few places that you might see me cry in front of people because help, I'm feeling. I very very very much love to read the posts of people who are first timers, it's so beautiful to read about the joy experienced in serving and loving God's people. also how cool is it that God has each of y'all there for a very specific reason and knew it before we were even a thought in this world, mad crazy. I pray that He receive glory in all that you do this week, much bless fam.
SHOUT OUT TO AL AND MADDI FOR KEEPING THE MARTIN NAME STRONG I WAS FIVE KINDS OF EXCITED TO SEE MADDI WAS GOING, WHOOOP.
also Khalil, I sent you a snapchat the other day because I forgot you were in Haiti, so look forward to that. ALSO HELLO RANDY BLESS YOU. ALSO HELLO EVERYONE I LOVE ALL OF YOU. PLEASE HUG THE PUPPIES FOR ME I MISS THEM.
That's all love you, bye.
(whoever reads this, you must sing it to the tune of Adele's "Hello" song) Hello, its me, I was wondering how you are in Haiti? Hello, its me, you are over half way done in Haiti. Hello, can you hear me? I am in Lubbock…do you miss me? There is a mission trip between us and its two thousand miles. Hello, from the other side, I must have prayed for you a thousand times, to ask God to protect you and sustain you. I can't wait to see you when you get home. Hello, from the outside, I have tried to tell you how proud I am of each of you, for loving on the people of Haiti. Hello, how are you? Its typical of me to check on you, I hope that your well and healthy. Did you ever make it out of that town where nothing ever happens, except for wild wesley dances. Hello, its no secret, that your time in Haiti is running out. Hello, its me and I love you all.
Oh Penny! I just read this and you are so funny!! I LOVE this!! Blessings to you in the sand storm capital and can't wait to see you in MAY!!!!
The best way I could ever start my birthday was to wake up and find a message and birthday wishes from my girl! I do miss you so much and wish you were here, but I know nothing can compare to the things you are experiencing there in Haiti.
I knew you would be head over heels for those babies and I'm so overjoyed that you are loving on the often overlooked elderly.
Our whole family can't wait to hear all about your journey and we love hearing the blog posts every day (Hey you're a blogger now!) We love seeing all of the pics. Aunt Di had the idea to put one as a screen saver to remind her to pray for you guys everyday.
It such a blessing to hear how God is working in and through each one of you, even through the snoring, sand fleas, rats and shoveling. God is good and mighty to save. In His great mercy and grace when you are blessing these precious Haitians, you are the ones receiving an even greater blessing.
I wish I knew everyone one of you personally. You sound like such an amazing group. Even though I don't and can't put a name to the faces in the pictures, know that I am still praying for each of you to have energy, encouragement and boldness.
Keep sending pictures – the highlight of my day!
We love you, Claire. Looking so forward to seeing you at Easter. Btw, Daddy Bill went home from the hospital on Monday.
I cannot wait to see my Sara's face and squeeze her tight! Ashley, Gabby, Mia and Claire you will all get a great big hug as well. Blessings to all and safe travels back home. You are missed.
Proud Aunt!! Love you Sara! Sending prayers daily.
You all are doing an incredible job spreading God's love through all of your words and actions! We continue to pray for your safety, health and reprieve from sand fleas! Hey- Marissa try to get into one of the pictures so we can see you! We are so proud of you and miss you so much but we are blessed to have you be a blessing to others. Everyone hang in there! You are doing an incredible job!
Thank you to the Wesley Foundation for giving these young adults to opportunity to serve and spread the word of God to many who are in need. I pray that this message continue and that they reach out to those in need locally as well. I am so proud of this group of students for their time and caring spirit. Blessings to all.
It has been such a joy to see all the pictures, hear all the stories, and laugh at the adventures of Brad and Randy each day. Ashlee, we have loved seeing the smile on your face even though you are not here with us. We are so proud of the work this team is doing and we know God will continue to work through you during the last two days. Ash, here is one of your Nena's favorite verses for your last few days. Isaiah 40:29-30 "Even youths grow tired and weary, and young men stumble and fall; but those who hope in the LORD will renew their strength. They will soar on wings like eagles; they will run and not grow weary, they will walk and not be faint." Love you lots!!
I hope you're sleeping well at night despite Pat's antics and that despicable rooster.


Aashiq Awaara Lyrics – Badshah : This is an amazing Punjabi duet sung by Badshah & Sunidhi Chauhan. Its music and lyrics both are contributed by Badshah. This song belongs to his music album O N E.
If you find any mistake in lyrics of AASHIQ AWAARA LYRICS – Badshah | Sunidhi Chauhan song please let us know in comments.


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Home Football Most Points Scored In A Football Game By One Team latest 2023
Most Points Scored In A Football Game By One Team latest 2023
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Basketball: 5-Player Schemes Promote Winning Ideals
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When one equates the strategies used in football with those used in basketball one can conjure up a better approach to the game. In football, every player has a function and when carried out properly, you have positive results. Lineman block protecting the passer or open holes for the running back. Receivers and tight ends block down field or run pass patterns seeking space and separation. All these assignments are diligently synchronized for optimum results. And if the timing is perfect, a trap-block becomes a big gain or a well-timed break by a receiver becomes a first down reception.
In basketball, such diligence is sadly lacking. It's a mish-mash of ideas, each player skimming alone, not knowing the intentions of his teammates. What would happen if each player knew what the other four players were going to do, where they were going to be at any moment in the play? What would be the result? What's more, how could this be done.
To understand my apotheosis, let's look at the various aspects of the game. In basketball, the objective is to score more points than your opponent. To do this requires having a higher shooting percentage, and/or much better rebounding stats, and/or lesser numbers in the turnover department. A major factor in these numbers is how well a team creates space. Space is how a team establishes passing, shooting and driving lanes. When there's space, passing is on target and shooting rhythms result in higher percentages. Space also allows for a more controlled shooting stance which also ups percentages. When faulty, turnovers result and shooting percentages go down. Creating space should be the objective of every player on the team whether they are directly involved in the play or not.
To create space, several factors need to be put into play, namely movement, balanced offensive threats and dictating defensive alignment. When there is movement, the defense is more focused on guarding their man rather than helping teammates. This movement stretches the defense enough to where space is created. Even fake movement or the threat of movement keeps the defense preoccupied negating a sagging defense and rebounding opportunities.
If only a few players are offensive threats, the defense hones in on these players stifling their effectiveness. Thus, it is imperative to have a balanced offensive strategy that involves all five players. When all five players act as integral participants in passing, rebounding, screens, shooting and drives to the basket, then the defense must guard against multiple threats, not just a few. Likewise, such a strategy allows less skilled shooting players to perform specific functions at which they can excel. They feel they have purpose.
Any offensive strategy has a counter defensive strategy. It could be man-to-man, switching man-to-man, or various zone alignments. By implementing various offensive strategies, especially when successful, one can dictate how the defense counters it. Such manipulation can offer advantages in things such as match ups, better shooting and rebounding opportunities as well as reducing turnovers.
Creating space can also be done by inhibiting or impeding the opponent's movements. Screens are a common method of restricting coverage by a defender. Space can also be accomplished by creating confusion in the opponent's defensive alinements. When they switch on defense, there are minute opportunities to gain an advantage. For instance, in a pick-and-roll situation, the screener can peel off toward the basket creating not only a scoring opportunity, but also mismatches. These might be tall over short, fast over slow, competent over insecure.
Impeding or inhibiting an opponent can also be accomplished by creating traffic congestion. When opponents have to avoid their own teammates to get into the proper defensive positions, it generates momentary shooting, passing, and driving opportunities. This can be accomplished by congregating offensive players in a small area then suddenly dispersing. And if the dispersion is done in a way that creates confusion or switching, then congestion can result and opportunistic space generated
Another way of creating traffic congestion is to incorporate two or three-man screens. If the screeners disburse in multiple directions, the defenders have little time to react and communicate thus not only creating confusion but also court congestion. This allows offensive players to momentarily separate from defenders and with a separation of four to six feet, this is more than enough to safely catch a pass, shoot a basket or drive for a layup. In zone defensives, such screens can negate coverage and likewise open up space.
Another offensive ploy is to stretch the defensive by making them guard more closely. In this way the defensive is not able to sag and help out other defenders. Being a scoring threat is one way. But there are also passing threats, driving threats, and rebounding threats. Keeping your defender preoccupied with these threats either by illusions (fakes) or realistic movements helps the team effort. For instance, jumping, reaching up for a fake pass creates a momentary defensive commitment, one that creates an offensive advantage. Likewise, moving your defender to an uncomfortable area where you have an advantage, let's say for driving or rebounding is another strategy.
Rebounding, especially on offensive, is not given its due importance. Rebounds not only give the offense another chance to score, they also mess with the opponent's alignment. Defenders are out of position and not on their man. This can also result in mismatches all of which allow easy scoring opportunities.
While shooting percentages sit at the top of the stats, one statistic often overlooked is the points scored per possession. A team shooting in the med forties can beat a team shooting over fifty percent if they have an advantage in points scored per possession. Elite teams average around 1.2 points per possession because they are more efficient with the ball, they take good shots, avoid turnovers and get a goodly share of rebounds-thus more possessions. Such a strategy promotes a winning season.
So, in drawing up a scheme, rebounding should be an integral component. By having players positioned for rebounds, either moving through the lane or in it, ups the possibility of getting the rebound. In addition, when shooting opportunities are in sync with rebounding advantage, the point per possession will go up. When such a scheme becomes successful, opponents will counter by placing more emphasis on rebounding thus leaving holes in their defense.
Another factor in rebounding depends on the shooter's touch and the analytics where the ball might fall. With most shooters, missed shots fall in a certain pattern, either close to the rim or further out, either beyond or in front of basket. This analytic is important on 3-point attempts where misses occur 60-70% of the time. Knowing where the ball is likely to land for a given shooter provides the team a decided advantage. Including this factor into rebounding schemes ups the points per possession.
Another component of any offensive scheme is how well the team transitions to defense. A certain number of players should be responsible for down court defense. However, this responsibility can shift depending on the play's parameters. While normally this is the duty of the two guards, certain schemes may have them under the basket. Thus, all five players should be schooled in this transition process and know exactly when and where their responsibility begins. There will always be the gamble whether to crash the boards or play it safe and retreat.
The offense is most vulnerable when there's a defensive rebound or a sudden turnover. Usually a rapid retreat is in order, however, when the opponent's advance is momentarily delayed by blocking passing lanes or forcing a backward dribble, the rest of the team can get back and set the defense. So periodically teams should implement this delaying strategy.
Being aware of the aspects of time and timing is another factor that determines the success of a team. A college team is allotted a 30-second shot clock while the pros get only 24-second. In college, a team is given 10-second to avoid a back-court violation while the pros are given 8-seconds. Both are given 5-seconds to make a out of bounds throw-in. Both have a 3-second lane violation rule. Working within these time restrictions become part of offensive strategies. Taking too long hurries the setup while shooting too early may overlook weaknesses in the defense.
Timing is an aspect reflecting how well players and their strategies mesh together. In football, it the dominate factor in the success of a play. A defensive lineman need only be delayed a fraction of a second to help the running back break free. The same goes for passing plays where the timing between the quarterback and the receiver must be precise. Such timing is set by the structure of the play. In football, there are also option reads that restructure the play based on opponent's coverage.
In basketball, such precision is rare. Timing is induced only after teammates become uses to each other's tendencies. This could take a good part of the season, especially if it is not induced through well-timed structured plays. As I mentioned earlier, if every team member knew where his teammates would be at any given moment and where they were headed, positive results would occur. Likewise, when each player knows what his function or responsibility is then there's a collective effort that supports the objectives of the team.
These functions or responsibilities include the following.
Establishing passing, shooting and dribbling lanes
Inhibiting defensive movement
Stretching the defensive
Creating rebounding opportunities
Maintaining defensive transitions
Optimizing use of time and timing
How does one establish this precision where all five players are moving in concert? In football, the play and snap count are called in the huddle. The snap count sets up the timing as to when the play is to commence. Football plays have numerous options and are flexible to counter defensive schemes. For instance, the blocking back has the option to block the first defender breaking through or he can run out in the flat and act as a safety valve receiver. Another example, on passing plays, if the defender is on the inside, the pass is thrown to the outside. If the defender plays way back, its set up for a buttonhook short pass with the receiver coming back for the ball. The quarterback reads the opposition and selects the best option.
In basketball, similar play calling strategies can be applied. Each player serves a function, which can and does change as the play unfolds. A shooter can become the one that lures a defender out of position. Later he can become a screener, then switches to becoming a rebounder. Still later he might take on defensive responsibilities. In this strategy, each of the five players has an ever-changing function, one which promotes optimum basketball analytics. Mainly a higher point average per possession.
So how does one get the players synchronized putting the play in motion. In football, the quarterback communicates the snap count. In could be on hut, or hut-hut, or some other pre-determined signal. In basketball, some other means must be established to signal the start of the play. Vocal calls are impractical because of the court distance and crowd noise. Likewise, hand signals are not viable as they can be picked up by the opposition.
There is a snap count device on the court that could be used. It's visual, highly precise and can be observed from any place on the floor. This device is the shot clock. It college ball it's expires at 30-seconds and in professional ball, at 24-seconds. The snap count could be predetermined by a signal from the bench or by some other means, such as hand signals or code names. Whatever the means, all five players would know the play and at what time it should start.
If all five players commence play simultaneously, the defense will know it's a set play and seek indicators on how to defend it. To disguise such an examination, players should vamp prior to the start with movement. Such movement helps in setting up the defense and probing for weaknesses. Such movement can also move defenders into a complacent state where they think the have the offence covered. Then boom, the offence does something different, in a faster and synchronize fashion, surprising the opponent. It's then that you have the defense thinking, "What happened!"
As in football plays, there are numerous options to the play, however, in this basketball strategy, these options are predicated not on what the defense does, but on how your "read" teammate reacts to the defense. Each player is assigned "read teammate" whose actions dictate what option will be initiated. Let's say on a given play the small forward "read" is the power forward. If the power forward moves baseline, the small forward's assignment is to screen the shooting guard's defender opposite the ball for a backdoor run. However, if the power forward holds for a pass from the point guard, then the small forward fakes a run toward the basket, then screens the defender of the shooting guard who then drives down the middle looking for a pass from the power forward. Other players would be given assignments based their "read's" action.
This is a simplistic example, however, when all five players are involved in such a scheme, it promotes open shooting lanes, stretches the defense, positions rebounders, inhibites defensive movement and maintains defensive transitions. More importantly, it creates a synergy that promotes higher average points per possession. That's because the team is more efficient with the ball, they setup good open shots, teamwork avoids turnovers, plus they get a higher share of rebounds-thus more possessions.
This game strategy promotes winning ideals where a mediocre team can compete with a strong opponent and win.
Such a strategy has several caveats. For one, basketball is a game of strong egos. From sandlot to hardwood, it has always been a game of one-on-one. For many players, out foxing, out shooting, out dribbling their defender overrides the team concept. This ego driven philosophy severally weakens the a 5-player strategy. It also weakens the spirit of players who become observers rather than involved participates. In this respect, if the game plan isn't ego driven by all 5-players having a purpose, it's doom to fail.
An additional problem, most players prefer the free-flowing serendipity type game where instincts overrule metrics and analytics. This is how they learned the game. This is how they were coached growing up, with little regard for team strategies. Coaches and training camps concentrate more on individual techniques rather than on team play
One must also consider the length of the play. In both college and pro ball, a possession will last 10 to 15-seconds max after crossing the half-court line and prior to a shot or the shot clock running out. This length requires constructing plays that bypass weak shooting opportunities to set up better ones. Plays this long might necessitate changing function from shooter to inhibitor, to enticer, to rebounder, to transitioning defender.
There is also the problem of interchangeability. When players get injured, have foul problems, or have a bad shooting night, this necessitate changes. This means players must learn multiple offensive positions.
Another problem is remembering an array of plays, assignments and options. This problem is exacerbated by the play's ever-changing dynamics and how opponents defend. How does one memorize all of these moves, their options and implement them?
The answer to the above question is quite simple. You only memorize the moves dictated by your "read" teammate. Let's say the power forward. the "read" for the small forward, fakes a screen on the point guard's defender then peels off to the base line. This movement leaves the small forward with two options, either move down the lane awaiting a pass or move to screen the shooting guard's defender. Other players would implement similar moves based on their "read" teammate.
The play's objective is to create a strategically balanced offense, one that incorporates all five functions, with some players assigned to inhibiting defensive movement, others to enticing defenders out of position, and still others responsible for rebounding and transitioning to defensive. Such a strategy creates space for remaining players to pass, drive and shoot.
When implementing such plays, it's a good idea to practice them in short segments, then add moves as earlier segments are perfected. Using consistent and memorable terminologies is also an important factor in teaching players this strategy. Shorthand terms work best. Likewise, ways of signaling the play and snap count should be addressed where both fake and real signals are incorporated. Having multiple people on the bench giving signals is one way to confuse opponents trying to pick up signs. You will find that each new play is a variation of an earlier play and that the primary changes will be the "read" teammate and option moves. While one play may prove highly successful, overuse may encourage viable defenses. Therefore, it's good to change up plays to keep the opponent off guard or free style it for a possession or two.
Mapping out such plays can be done with software that incorporates video so that the various options can be seen, learned and implemented. Video makes teaching this complex strategy easier as players see the play evolve with regard to space and time. One such program, which is in 3-D is http://www.tactic3d.com/basket/basket-software-playbook.html. Other programs can be found online by searching for: Animated basketball video playbook software.
In conclusion, when all five players are involved in the offense, each performing a vital function, shooting percentages go up, rebounds increase, and turnovers diminish. More importantly, players become more proactive playing as a team, becoming facilitators rather than observers. In addition, the key analytic, points per possession, becomes a competitive metrics that wins more games, even over more talented opponents. This is a strategy that promotes winning ideals.
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