2018-01-05 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=54352901&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US9179109(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset" by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2018-01-05 US case 8:18-cv-00014 filed litigation https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/litigation/California%20Central%20District%20Court/case/8%3A18-cv-00014 Source: District Court Jurisdiction: California Central District Court "Unified Patents Litigation Data" by Unified Patents is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2018-12-17 PTAB case IPR2019-00446 filed (Pending) litigation https://portal.unifiedpatents.com/ptab/case/IPR2019-00446 Petitioner: "Unified Patents PTAB Data" by Unified Patents is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A doorbell system can include a remote computing device and a doorbell that has a camera. The doorbell can enter a camera sleep mode wherein the camera is configured not to record. The remote computing device can be used to override a power setting of the doorbell to enable the doorbell to record a video. Then, the remote computing device can receive the video that was recorded by the doorbell.
The entire contents of the following application are incorporated by reference herein: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/158,750; filed May 8, 2015; and entitled DOORBELL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS.
Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to doorbells. Certain embodiments relate to doorbell communication systems.
Videos recorded by doorbells can be displayed on remote computing devices. Thus, a user of a remote computing device can see and hear a visitor that is located near a doorbell. In some embodiments, the doorbell can send a notification to the remote computing device when the doorbell detects a visitor. The user can then start two-way audio and/or video communication with the visitor.
In some embodiments, a user of a remote computing device might want to start a live video and/or review old videos from the doorbell without waiting for a notification from the doorbell. For example, a user might want to see the weather outside of her home or might want to see if there is a package on her porch. Thus, the user can start a live video even when no visitor is present.
In several embodiments, methods may include using a doorbell system. The doorbell system can comprise a remote computing device and a doorbell. The doorbell can have a camera. The method may include entering a camera sleep mode wherein, the camera is configured to not record, opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device; overriding, by the remote computing device via a wireless communication, a power setting of the doorbell to force the doorbell to exit the camera sleep mode and enter a camera recording mode, wherein the camera recording mode consumes more power than the camera sleep mode; and receiving a first video, by the remote computing device, from the doorbell at least partially in response to remotely overriding the power setting of the doorbell.
Some embodiments may include one or more of the following features. For example, methods may further comprise displaying the first video on the remote computing device during the camera recording mode, wherein the doorbell enters the camera recording mode without detecting a visitor and without detecting a press of a button of the doorbell. After the overriding, methods may include sending, at least partially by the remote computing device, a signal to the doorbell that causes the doorbell to enter the camera sleep mode. The wireless communication and the signal may be sent via a server. Methods may include exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device. Methods may include automatically overriding the power setting of the doorbell in response to opening the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
In several embodiments, methods may include using a doorbell system. The doorbell system can comprise a remote computing device and a doorbell having a camera. Methods can comprise entering a camera sleep mode in which the camera is configured to not record; exiting the camera sleep mode and entering a camera recording mode in response to receiving, by the doorbell, a first wireless communication session from the remote computing device; and receiving, by the remote computing device, a first video recorded by the camera of the doorbell.
Some embodiments may include one or more of the following features. For example, methods can comprise exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode within a predetermined time from a termination of the first wireless communication session. Receiving the first video may be at least partially in response to the doorbell receiving the first wireless communication session from the remote computing device. The method may include starting the first wireless communication session and thereby causing the entering of the camera recording mode in response to opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device prior to selecting a button of the doorbell control application to view the first video. Receiving the first video with the remote computing device may be in response to opening the doorbell control application prior to selecting the button to view the first video. Terminating the first wireless communication session may be in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
In several embodiments, methods comprise starting the first wireless communication session and thereby causing the entering of the camera recording mode in response to opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device. Embodiments can include receiving the first video with the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application and then erasing the first video from the remote computing device in response to closing the doorbell control application without selecting a first button of the doorbell control application to view the first video. Embodiments can include saving the first video on a data storage system that is located remotely relative to the doorbell and the remote computing device. Embodiments can include sending the first video from the data storage system to the remote computing device after erasing the first video from the remote computing device in response to selecting a second button of the doorbell control application; and then displaying the first video on the remote computing device. The data storage system may comprise a server. Methods can include associating a date with the first video on the server and displaying the date of the first video on the remote computing device (e.g., while the first video is displayed).
In several embodiments, methods can include using a doorbell system. The doorbell system can comprise a remote computing device and a doorbell having a doorbell camera. Methods can comprise opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device; sending, automatically, a first signal from the remote computing device to the doorbell in response to opening the doorbell control application; and exiting, in response to the first signal, a camera sleep mode in which the doorbell camera is configured to not record, and entering a camera recording mode, wherein the camera recording mode consumes more power than the camera sleep mode.
Several embodiments include exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode, which can be in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device. Embodiments can include recording, by the doorbell, a first video in response to the first signal. The recording may be prior to a user selecting a button on the remote computing device. The button may be configured to cause the doorbell control application to display the first video. Embodiments can include receiving, with the remote computing device, the first video prior to selecting the button. Embodiments can include recording, by the doorbell, a first video in response to the first signal. In response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device, the first video may be automatically erased from the remote computing device without displaying the first video on the remote computing device.
In several embodiments, a first video may be recorded by the doorbell in response to the first signal. The recording may be prior to a user selecting a button on the remote computing device. The button may be configured to cause the doorbell control application to display the first video. Methods may include receiving, with the remote computing device, the first video; and in response to not selecting the button, automatically erasing the first video from the remote computing device without displaying the first video on the remote computing device.
In several embodiments, methods may include using a doorbell system. Doorbell systems may comprise a remote computing device and a doorbell having a doorbell camera. Methods may include sending a first signal from the remote computing device to the doorbell in response to waking the remote computing device prior to opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device; and exiting, in response to the first signal, a camera sleep mode in which the doorbell camera is configured to not record and entering a camera recording mode. The camera recording mode can consume more power than the camera sleep mode.
In some embodiments, methods comprise recording, by the doorbell camera, a first video in response to the first signal. Methods may include recording the first video with the doorbell camera and receiving the first video with the remote computing device prior to opening the doorbell control application. The first video may be displayed with the remote computing device while waiting for a live video from the doorbell. Methods may include recording, by the doorbell camera, a second video in response to the opening the doorbell control application; and displaying at least a portion of the first video on the remote computing device while waiting to receive the second video with the remote computing device. Methods may include displaying the second video with the remote computing device after the remote computing device receives the second video and before the remote computing device finishes displaying the first video such that the first video is configured to provide preliminary information while the doorbell system waits for updated information of the second video.
Several embodiments may include one or more of the following features. Methods can include recording, by the doorbell camera, a first video; recording, by the doorbell camera, a second video; sending the second video, rather than the first video, to the remote computing device in response to the second video being more recent than the first video; and displaying at least a portion of the second video on the remote computing device while waiting to receive an even more recent video with the remote computing device. The even more recent video may be a live video. Methods may further comprise ending the display of the portion of the second video and then displaying the live video in response to the live video being ready to display. The doorbell system may send the second video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application. The doorbell system may send the even more recent video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application.
In several embodiments, a doorbell system may send the second video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application. The doorbell system may send the even more recent video to the remote computing device in response to a user selecting a button of the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
FIG. 5 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell and a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 6 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell, a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, and a data storage system, according to some embodiments.
FIGS. 7 a-7 d illustrate a diagrammatic view of a doorbell, a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, and a data storage system server, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 8 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell and a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 9 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell and a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 10 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell and a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 11 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a doorbell and a doorbell control software application running on a computing device, according to some embodiments.
The user interface 240 can include a connectivity indicator 248. In some embodiments, the connectivity indicator 248 can indicate whether the computing device is in communication with a doorbell, the Internet, and/or a cellular network. The connectivity indicator 248 can alert the user if the computing device 204 has lost its connection with the doorbell 202; the doorbell 202 has been damaged; the doorbell 202 has been stolen; the doorbell 202 has been removed from its mounting location; the doorbell 202 has lost electrical power; and/or if the computing device 204 cannot communicate with the doorbell 202. In some embodiments, the connectivity indicator 248 alerts the user of the computing device 204 by flashing, emitting a sound, displaying a message, and/or displaying a symbol.
In some embodiments, if the doorbell 202 loses power, loses connectivity to the computing device 204, loses connectivity to the Internet, and/or loses connectivity to a remote server, a remote server 206 sends an alert 232 (e.g., phone call, text message, image on the user interface 240) regarding the power and/or connectivity issue. In several embodiments, the remote server 206 can manage communication between the doorbell 202 and the computing device 204. In some embodiments, information from the doorbell 202 is stored by the remote server 206. In several embodiments, information from the doorbell 202 is stored by the remote server 206 until the information can be sent to the computing device 204, uploaded to the computing device 204, and/or displayed to the remotely located person via the computing device 204. The remote server 206 can be a computing device that stores information from the doorbell 202 and/or from the computing device 204. In some embodiments, the remote server 206 is located in a data center.
Electrical wires 304 can electrically couple the doorbell 202 to the electrical system 312 of the building 300 such that the doorbell 202 can receive electrical power from the building 300. The building can include a door lock 250 to lock the door 254.
The electrical components of the doorbell 202 (e.g., the camera assembly 208, the memory 492, the chip 480, the speaker 488, the converter 494, the microphone 484, the lights 458, the rectifier, the proximity sensor 500, the communication module 504, the heating element 508, the electrical connectors 510, the thermometer 512, the image analysis system 520, and the battery 462) can be electrically coupled to a printed circuit board ("PCB") 516 and can receive electrical power from the PCB 516.
In some embodiments, the user interface can include an area for displaying an advertisement 258.
Communication systems can also provide a secure and convenient way for a remotely located individual to view an area near the doorbell 202 on demand. For example, communication systems can use a computing device to enable a remotely located person to see and/or hear the weather around the doorbell 202, check on the status of a package delivery, look for people prowling around, etc. Viewing by a remotely located person can occur via the Internet, cellular networks, telecommunication networks, servers, and wireless networks.
Leaving the camera on all the time just in case the user wants to see a video can waste substantial power. In order to reduce power consumption, the doorbell 202 may be able to enter a camera sleep mode 704. While the doorbell 202 is in the camera sleep mode 704, the camera may not be able to record a video, but the power consumption is very low, or maybe even zero. In some embodiments, the remote computing device 204 may send a signal 604 to the doorbell 202 that overrides the sleep mode (e.g., changes a power setting 702) to cause the doorbell 202 to "wake up." Waking up the doorbell 202 can cause the doorbell 202 to enter a higher-power mode that may enable the camera to record. This overriding can enable the video feed to start. The signal 604 can be sent when the user selects a button on the remote computing device 204 or when the user opens a software application. In some embodiments, a remote computing device can display a live video from the doorbell camera in response to a user opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, software can start the video feed on demand. For example, a user of the computing device 204 might wonder what is happening near the security system 202. The user can open the software application (e.g., an "app") on the computing device 204 and instruct the application to show live video and/or audio from the security device 202 even if no event near the security system 202 has triggered the communication.
Several embodiments include "on-demand" service. For example, a user can initiate communicate via a doorbell 202 and/or can initiate live video from the doorbell 202 by pressing a button 260 on a user interface 240 (shown in FIG. 2). Pressing the on-demand button 260 again can terminate the communication and/or the live video. Referring now to FIG. 5, the doorbell 202 may have several power settings 702, e.g., camera sleep mode 704, camera recording mode 706, standby mode. Different power settings 702 may be configured to use different amounts of power, for example, the camera recording mode 706 may consume more power than the camera sleep mode 704. During the camera sleep mode 704 the camera can be configured to not record or to turn off completely which may allow the camera sleep mode 704 to use no power.
In some embodiments the doorbell system 200 may enter a camera sleep mode 704 wherein the camera is configured to not record. When the user 712 opens a doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204, the power setting 702 of the doorbell system 200 may be overridden by the remote computing device 204 to force the doorbell system 200 to exit the camera sleep mode 704 and enter a camera recording mode 706 via a wireless communication 230. Overriding the power setting 702 of the doorbell system 200 may cause a first video 708 to be sent from the doorbell 202 to the remote computing device 204.
In some embodiments, the user can cause the remote computing device 204 to override a power setting 702 of the doorbell 202 to, for example, force the doorbell 202 to exit the camera sleep mode 704 and enter a camera recording mode 706. The user may cause the remote computing device 204 to override a power setting 702 of the doorbell 202 by opening a doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204, closing the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204, or pressing a button 212 on the remote computing device 204. Thus the doorbell 202 may enter the camera recording mode 706 without detecting a visitor 388 and without detecting a press of a button 212 of the doorbell 202.
In some embodiments, the doorbell 202 may wake up from the camera sleep mode 704 and enter the camera recording mode 706 when the user selects a button 212 on the remote computing device 204. The doorbell 202 may enter a camera sleep mode 704 in response to a user again selecting a button 212 on the remote computing device 204 or in response to the user selecting another button on the remote computing device 204. In several embodiments, the power setting 702 of the doorbell 202 may be automatically overridden, i.e., without the user pressing a button on the remote computing device 204. The power setting 702 may be automatically overridden when the remote computing device 204 is turned on, causing the doorbell 202 to exit the camera sleep mode 704 and enter the camera recording mode 706. Likewise, the power setting 702 can be automatically overridden by the user closing the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204, causing the doorbell 202 to exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704. In some embodiments the doorbell 202 can be configured to exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704 within a predetermined time from a termination of the first wireless communication session. In some embodiments the doorbell 202 can be configured to exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704 in response to the remote computing device 204 being turned off or the remote computing device 204 losing its connection with the doorbell 202.
The remote computing device 204 may override the power setting 702 of the doorbell 202 via a wireless communication 230. After the power setting 702 has been overridden, a signal 604 can be sent, at least partially by the remote computing device 204, to the doorbell 202. The signal 604 can cause the power setting 702 of the doorbell 202 to change. The signal 604 can, for example, cause the doorbell 202 to enter the camera sleep mode 704. The wireless communication 230 and the signal 604 may be sent via a server 206.
At least partially in response to remotely overriding the power setting 702 of the doorbell 202, the remote computing device 204, may receive a first video 708 from the doorbell 202. The first video may be a live video or a pre-recorded video. Some embodiments can be configured to automatically display the first video 708 on the remote computing device 204 during the camera recording mode 706. In some embodiments the first video 708 can be displayed on the remote computing device 204 in response to the user pressing a button 612 on the remote computing device 204 or selecting a button 608 in the doorbell control application 600. In some embodiments the first video can be displayed when the user opens the doorbell control application 600. In several embodiments the first video can be displayed when the doorbell 202 enters the camera recording mode 706 without detecting a visitor 388 and without detecting a press of a button 212 of the doorbell 202.
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a doorbell system 200. In some embodiments the doorbell system 200 may enter a camera sleep mode 704 wherein the camera is configured to not record. Upon receiving a wireless communication session 230 from the remote computing device 204 the doorbell system 200 can wake up, e.g. exit the camera sleep mode 704, and enter a camera recording mode 706. The remote computing device 204 may then receive a first video 708 recorded by the camera 208 of the doorbell 202.
The user 712 may start the first wireless communication by selecting a button 612 on the remote computing device 204 and/or a button 608 on the doorbell control application 600. In some embodiments the first wireless communication session may be started by the user 712 opening a doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204 prior to selecting a button 608 of the doorbell control application 600 to view the first video 708. In some embodiments the first wireless communication session may be started automatically when the remote computing device 204 is turned on.
In some embodiments the remote computing device 204 may receive a first video 708, recorded by the camera of the doorbell 202. The first video may be a pre-recorded video or may be a live video. The remote computing device 204 may receive the first video 708, at least partially, in response to the doorbell 202 receiving the first wireless communication session from the remote computing device 204. The remote computing device 204 may receive the first video in response to the user 712 opening the doorbell control application 600 prior to the user 712 selecting the button 608. In some embodiments the remote computing device 204 receives the first video 708 in response to the user 712 selecting a button 612 on the remote computing device 204 or a button 608 on the doorbell control application 600. In some embodiments the remote computing device 204 may receive the first video 708 at predetermined times.
Saving videos on a remote computing device 204 can adversely affect how the remote computing device 204 runs and/or fill up the storage of the remote computing device 204. Videos may be erased from the remote computing device 204 to, for example, free up memory space. In some embodiments the first video 708 may be erased from the remote computing device 204 in response to closing the doorbell control application 600. The first video may be erased from the remote computing device 204 in response to the user 712 selecting a button on the remote computing device 204 or the doorbell control application 600. The first video may automatically, without instruction from the user 712, be erased after a predetermined time, when a second video is ready, or when the remote computing device 204 is turned off or enters a power saving mode. In several embodiments, the first video 708 may be saved on a data storage system 710 that is located remotely relative to the doorbell 202 and the remote computing device 204. Saving the first video on the remote data storage system 710 allows the first video to be stored for later viewing without interfering with the running of the remote computing device 204. When the user 712 instructs the remote computing device 204 to display the first video, the first video 708 can be sent from the data storage system 710 to the remote computing device 204 and displayed on the remote computing device 204 even after erasing the first video 708 from the remote computing device 204. The user 712 can instruct the remote computing device 204 to send the first video 708 by selecting a second button 610 of the doorbell control application 600. The data storage system 710 may comprise a server 720. A date 718 and/or a time may be associated with the first video 708 on the server 720 and the date 718 and/or time may be displayed when the first video 708 is displayed on the remote computing device 204.
Referring now to FIGS. 7 a through 7 d, in some embodiments the doorbell 202 can be configured to changed power settings 702 in response an elapsed time. For example, the doorbell 202 may be configured to exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704 within a predetermined time 724 from a termination 722 of the first wireless communication session. Terminating the first wireless communication session may be in response to closing the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204 or in response to turning off the remote computing device 204. In some embodiments the doorbell 202 can be configured to exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704 in response to the user 712 selecting a button on the remote computing device 204.
Referring now to FIG. 8, software can automatically cause the doorbell system 200 to change power settings 702. For example, the user 712 opening a doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204 may cause the remote computing device 204 to automatically, i.e. without the user instructing, send a signal 604 from the remote computing device 204 to the doorbell 202. In response to the signal 604 the doorbell system 200 may exit a camera sleep mode 704 and enter a camera recording mode 706.
There may be a time delay between the user 712 instructing the remote computing device 204 to show a video and a live video being displayed on the remote computing device 204. The delay may be caused by the limitations of some Internet, cellular networks, telecommunication networks, or wireless networks. The delay may also be caused by the time it takes for the system to "wake up" and begin recording and transmitting the video. Even a delay of several seconds can seem like a long time for a user to wait after selecting a button to view an on-demand video.
In some embodiments the doorbell 202 can start the process to send live video in response to the user 712 opening the doorbell control application 600 or in response to the user 712 waking up and/or turning on the remote computing device 204. This may reduce the time delay between the user 712 instructing the app to display a live video, and the displaying of the video on a remote computing device 204.
A first signal 604 may be automatically (without instruction from the user 712) sent from the remote computing device 204 to the doorbell 202 in response to opening the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204. In response to the first signal 604, the doorbell may exit a camera sleep mode 704 in which the doorbell camera is configured to not record and enter a camera recording mode 706. The camera recording mode 706 may consume more power than the camera sleep mode 704. The camera sleep mode 704 may consume zero power.
In response to the first signal 604, a first video 708 may be recorded by the doorbell 202. The recording may be prior to a user 712 selecting a button 608 on the remote computing device 204. The remote computing device 204 may receive the first video 708 prior to the user 712 selecting the button.
The doorbell control application 600 may display the first video 708 on the remote computing device 204 in response to the remote computing device 204 receiving the first video 708. The user 712 selecting the button 608 may cause the doorbell control application 600 to display the first video 708.
The doorbell may exit the camera recording mode 706 and enter the camera sleep mode 704 in response to closing the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204. In response to closing the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204 and/or not selecting the button 608 the first video 708 may be automatically erased from the remote computing device 204 without displaying the first video 708 on the remote computing device 204. The first video 708 may be automatically erased from the remote computing device 204 without displaying the first video 708 on the remote computing device 204 after a predetermined time.
In several embodiments, a signal 604 can be sent from the remote computing device 204 to the doorbell 202 in response to waking the remote computing device 204 prior to opening a doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204. The first signal 604 may cause the doorbell 202 to change power settings 702.
The first signal 604 may be sent in response to, for example, turning on the remote computing device 204. The doorbell may exit a camera sleep mode 704 in response to the first signal 604 and may enter a camera recording mode 706.
Some embodiments may include one or more of the following features. For example, the doorbell camera may record a first video 708 in response to the first signal 604. The remote computing device 204 may receive the first video 708 prior to opening the doorbell control application 600.
The doorbell camera may record a second video 714 in response to the opening the doorbell control application 600. At least a portion 709 of the first video 708 may be displayed on the remote computing device 204 while waiting to receive the second video 714 with the remote computing device 204.
The second video 714 may be displayed with the remote computing device 204 after the remote computing device 204 receives the second video 714 and before the remote computing device 204 finishes displaying the first video 708.
Referring now to FIG. 10, the first video 708 may be configured to provide preliminary information 902 while the doorbell system 200 waits for updated information 904 of the second video 714. At least a portion of the preliminary information 902 may be displayed on the remote computing device 204 while waiting for the updated information 904. Remote computing device 204 may be configured to display the first video 708 and second video 714 in such a way that they appear to be the same video, i.e. the user 712 may not notice the switch between the first video 708 and the second video 716.
In several embodiments the doorbell camera may record a first video 708 and a second video 714. The first video and the second video may be sent to the remote computing device 204. In some embodiments the second video 714, rather than the first video 708 may be sent to the remote computing device 204 in response to the second video 714 being more recent than the first video 708. The second video may be a live video. The doorbell system 200 may send the second video 714 to the remote computing device 204 in response to opening the doorbell control application 600.
Referring now to FIG. 11, in some embodiments the doorbell camera may record a first video 708, a second video 714, and a third video 716. At least a portion 709 of the first video 708 may be displayed on the remote computing device 204 while waiting to receive the second video 714 or the third video 716 with the remote computing device 204. At least a portion 715 of the second video 714 may be displayed on the remote computing device 204 while waiting to receive a third, even more recent video 716 with the remote computing device 204. The third even more recent video 716 may be a live video 716. The display of the portion 715 of the second video 714 may be ended and the live video may be displayed in response to the live video being ready to display. The doorbell system 200 may send the second video 714 to the remote computing device 204 in response to opening the doorbell control application 600. The doorbell system 200 may send the even more recent video 716 to the remote computing device 204 in response to opening the doorbell control application 600. The doorbell system 200 may send the even more recent video 716 to the remote computing device 204 in response to a user 712 selecting a button 608 of the doorbell control application 600 on the remote computing device 204.
receiving a first video, by the remote computing device, from the doorbell at least partially in response to remotely overriding the power setting of the doorbell.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the first video on the remote computing device during the camera recording mode, wherein the doorbell enters the camera recording mode without detecting a visitor and without detecting a press of a button of the doorbell.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the overriding, the method further comprises sending, at least partially by the remote computing device, a signal to the doorbell that causes the doorbell to enter the camera sleep mode.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the wireless communication and the signal are sent via a server.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically overriding the power setting of the doorbell in response to opening the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
receiving, by the remote computing device, a first video recorded by the camera of the doorbell.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode within a predetermined time from a termination of the first wireless communication session.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein receiving the first video is at least partially in response to the doorbell receiving the first wireless communication session from the remote computing device.
10. The method of claim 7, further comprising starting the first wireless communication session and thereby causing the entering the camera recording mode in response to opening a doorbell control application on the remote computing device prior to selecting a button of the doorbell control application to view the first video.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising receiving the first video with the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application prior to selecting the button to view the first video.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising terminating the first wireless communication session in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
displaying the first video on the remote computing device.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the data storage system comprises a server, and the method further comprises associating a date with the first video on the server and displaying the date of the first video on the remote computing device.
exiting, by the doorbell, in response to the first signal, a camera sleep mode in which the doorbell camera is configured to not record and entering, by the doorbell, a camera recording mode, wherein the camera recording mode consumes more power than the camera sleep mode.
16. The method of claim 15, further comprising exiting the camera recording mode and entering the camera sleep mode in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising recording, by the doorbell, a first video in response to the first signal, wherein the recording is prior to a user selecting a button on the remote computing device, wherein the button is configured to cause the doorbell control application to display the first video; and receiving, with the remote computing device, the first video prior to selecting the button.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising recording, by the doorbell, a first video in response to the first signal, and in response to closing the doorbell control application on the remote computing device, automatically erasing the first video from the remote computing device without displaying the first video on the remote computing device.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising recording, by the doorbell, a first video in response to the first signal, wherein the recording is prior to a user selecting a button on the remote computing device, wherein the button is configured to cause the doorbell control application to display the first video; and receiving, with the remote computing device, the first video, wherein in response to not selecting the button, automatically erasing the first video from the remote computing device without displaying the first video on the remote computing device.
exiting, by the doorbell, in response to the first signal, a camera sleep mode in which the doorbell camera is configured to not record and entering a camera recording mode, wherein the camera recording mode consumes more power than the camera sleep mode.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising recording, by the doorbell camera, a first video in response to the first signal.
22. The method of claim 21, further comprising recording the first video with the doorbell camera and receiving the first video with the remote computing device prior to opening the doorbell control application.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising displaying the first video with the remote computing device while waiting for a live video from the doorbell.
displaying at least a portion of the first video on the remote computing device while waiting to receive the second video with the remote computing device.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising displaying the second video with the remote computing device after the remote computing device receives the second video and before the remote computing device finishes displaying the first video such that the first video is configured to provide preliminary information while the doorbell system waits for updated information of the second video.
displaying at least a portion of the second video on the remote computing device while waiting to receive an even more recent video with the remote computing device.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the even more recent video is a live video, wherein the method further comprises ending the displaying of the portion of the second video and then displaying the live video in response to the live video being ready to display.
28. The method of claim 26, further comprising the doorbell system sending the second video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application.
29. The method of claim 26, further comprising the doorbell system sending the even more recent video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application.
30. The method of claim 26, further comprising the doorbell system sending the second video to the remote computing device in response to opening the doorbell control application, and the doorbell system sending the even more recent video to the remote computing device in response to a user selecting a button of the doorbell control application on the remote computing device.
DefenDoor by Glate LLC-Downloaded on Dec. 11, 2014 from https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/85455040/ defendoor-a-home-security-system-that-syncs-with-y.
Kevo Lock-Installation guide-Downloaded on Oct. 10, 2014 from http://s7d5.scene7.com/is/content/BDHHI/ Kwikset/Website%20Content/Kevo/installation-guide.pdf.
SmartBell on Kickstarter-Downloaded on Feb. 28, 2014 from http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1256599792/ smartbell-wi-fi-doorbell-for-video-chats-to-ios-an.


New research published in the Journal of Orthopedic Research this month reports on the potential for lithium chloride to be used as a treatment for osteoarthritis.
Lithium chloride is best known as a mood stabilizer, used for the treatment of bi-polar disorder. Researchers at Queen Mary University of London, in collaboration with researchers from the University of Otago, New Zealand, have been investigating the benefits of lithium chloride for osteoarthritis. Using experimental models of osteoarthritis the researchers investigated the long-term effects of dietary lithium on cartilage health in rats. The researchers were able to achieve therapeutic levels of lithium in the blood of rats who were fed a high lithium diet. This high lithium diet did not negatively affect joint health in the rats, who were maintained on the diet for a total of 9 months.
In an experimental model of cartilage degradation, the researchers were able to demonstrate that lithium inhibits cartilage degradation, preventing mechanical deterioration, by inhibiting signaling of the pro-inflammatory molecule, IL-1b.
The researchers are the first to show that lithium is able to prevent the mechanical degradation of articular cartilage mediated by the inflammatory molecule, IL-1b. These results are promising, not only demonstrating safety of dietary lithium, but also the ability to prevent damage to cartilage that is associated with osteoarthritis.
The researchers stress, however, that use of lithium should be carefully monitored for potential negative side effects, and that future studies should aim to decipher the safest and most effective ways to use lithium as a treatment for osteoarthritis.
Thompson, CL, Yasmin H, Varone, A, Wiles, A, Poole, CA, Knight, MM. "Lithium chloride prevents interleukin- 1β induced cartilage degradation and loss of mechanical properties" Journal of Orthopedic Research, DOI: 10.1002/jor.22913.


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Isaac Brekken/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images
What Does Jay Z Think Of 'Lemonade'? The Album's Themes Seem To Feature Him Heavily
By Zoe Balaconis
On Saturday night, Beyoncé released her long-awaited, stunningly gothic, mixed-media poem meets manifesto meets ultimatum meets confession meets celebration, Lemonade. The visual accompaniment to her new album is a dizzyingly surreal journey through layers of meaning — it grafts the stages of betrayal and forgiveness over images that recall an entire history of black pain and love, from Nefertiti, to the Black Lives Matter movement, to Beyoncé's own home movies. The lyrics openly address marital strife and cheating, which, naturally, has piqued fans' interest in the state of Jay Z and Beyoncé's relationship. So what does Jay Z think of Lemonade? Despite the bad name it gives him, like most fans, he probably thinks it's amazing. How can he not?
Though there is so much more in the cinematic accompaniment to unpack, there are moments of Lemonade that feel very pointed and very personal. In "Anger," Beyoncé yells, "If you try this shit again, you're gon' lose your wife." Later, in "Apathy," she's moved on a bit, and casts off the wonderfully line: "Ashes to ashes, dust to side chicks." She even outs a side chick by name (or pseudonym?) when she sings, "He better call Becky with the good hair."
Not long after Lemonade was released on HBO, fashion designer Rachel Roy posted a photo of herself and some friends squeezed into the back of a car on Instagram. She captioned it: "Good hair don't care, but we will take good lighting, for selfies, or self truths, always. live in the light #nodramaqueens." That hashtag could not save her. A slew of fans rained down accusations and worse, which resulted in her freezing all of her social media accounts and canceling a public appearance. The BeyHive is fierce, and if anyone even hints at being the cause of Beyoncé's pain, they're toast. That has been confirmed. (Though what's strange is that the BeyHive hasn't yet targeted or threatened Jay Z, who also cheated. Of course, only Roy has been targeted, because double standards are still alive and well.)
But, let's go back in time a bit to put the pieces together. Roy has had a long relationship with Jay Z. She's the ex-wife of one of his ex-best friends and business partners, Damon Dash. Dash and Jay Z have had a turbulent relationship, marked by betrayals and rivalries, in business and in love. Roy and Dash were married in 2005 but it ended in a very messy divorce about eight years later. Their split was less than a year before the now-famous incident that caught the tension between Roy and Beyoncé on camera.
In May 2014, after a Met Gala party, a security camera captured Solange Knowles battering Jay Z in front of Beyoncé (battering is really too nice a word). That night, the sisters had allegedly confronted Jay Z about his friendship with his friend's ex, Roy. An insider told told Hollywood Life, "Solange was defending Beyoncé in the elevator because Solange finds Jay's friendship with Rachel to be WAY too close for comfort and it makes Solange very uncomfortable. Beyoncé also confronted Rachel and said, 'Don't talk to my sister like that,' after [Rachel] confronted Solange." Roy's poorly-timed comment (there's no evidence she actually is Becky) fanned the fire, though that does not mean she should be threatened or judged. Again, two people make infidelity happen.
As for the present, Jay Z and Beyoncé's relationship has seemed to weather that particular storm. While a lot of attention has been paid to the emotions of jealousy and anger on the album, many sleuths are overlooking the ending, which is a bittersweet and all-too-real ode to moving on, rising above a fray, and forgiveness. Turns out that, under all the bad, there's still some good; lemonade out of lemons, and all that. Scandal is always titillating, but when it comes to Lemonade, searching for biographical clues and chinks in a celebrity marriage really seems to miss so much of the point. There is autobiography here — that's clear. But it's art. Art is never a one-to-one equation. As for Jay Z, who knows his opinions of Lemonade. He's always been supportive of collaboration and pushing the envelope. He must think it's pretty good — he released it on his streaming service, after all.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Infectious Disease Informatics and Biosurveillance
Research, Systems and Case Studies
Carlos Castillo-Chavez
Hsinchun Chen
William B. Lober
Mark Thurmond
Daniel Zeng
Part of the Integrated Series in Information Systems book series (ISIS, volume 27)
Pages i-li
Informatics Infrastructure and Data Sources
Real-Time Public Health Biosurveillance
Henry Rolka, Jean O'Connor
Designing Ethical Practice in Biosurveillance
Jeff Collmann, Adam Robinson
Using Emergency Department Data For Biosurveillance: The North Carolina Experience
Anna E. Waller, Matthew Scholer, Amy I. Ising, Debbie A. Travers
Clinical Laboratory Data for Biosurveillance
Eileen Koski
Biosurveillance Based on Test Orders from Veterinary Diagnostic Labs
Loren Shaffer
Surveillance Analytics
Markov Switching Models for Outbreak Detection
Hsin-Min Lu, Daniel Zeng, Hsinchun Chen
Detection of Events In Multiple Streams of Surveillance Data
Artur Dubrawski
Algorithm Combination for Improved Performance in Biosurveillance
Inbal Yahav, Thomas Lotze, Galit Shmueli
Modeling in Space and Time
Daniel A. Ford, James H. Kaufman, Yossi Mesika
Surveillance and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases using Spatial and Temporal Lustering Methods
Ta-Chien Chan, Chwan-Chuen King
Age-Adjustment in National Biosurveillance Systems
Steven A. Cohen, Elena N. Naumova
Modeling in Immunization and Biosurveillance Research
C. Raina Macintyre, James G. Wood, Rochelle Watkins, Zhanhai Gao
Natural Language Processing for Biosurveillance
Wendy W. Chapman, Adi V. Gundlapalli, Brett R. South, John N. Dowling
Knowledge Mapping for Bioterrorism-Related Literature
Yan Dang, Yulei Zhang, Hsinchun Chen, Catherine A. Larson
Social Network Analysis for Contact Tracing
Yi-Da Chen, Hsinchun Chen, Chwan-Chuen King
Emergency Response, and Case Studies
Multi-Agent Modeling of Biological and Chemical Threats
Kathleen M. Carley, Eric Malloy, Neal Altman
Integrated Health Alerting And Notification
Linh H. Le, Debra L. Sottolano, Ivan J. Gotham
Design and Performance of A Public Health Preparedness Informatics Framework
Ivan J. Gotham, Debra L. Sottolano, Linh H. Le, Michael J. Primeau, Loretta A. Santilli, Geraldine S. Johnson et al.
System Evaluation and User Technology Adoption
Paul Jen-Hwa Hu, Daniel Zeng, Hsinchun Chen
Syndromic Surveillance for the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit Meeting
Yasushi Ohkusa, Tamie Sugawara, Hiroaki Sugiura, Kazuo Kodama, Takushi Horie, Kiyoshi Kikuchi et al.
This book on Infectious Disease Informatics (IDI) and biosurveillance is intended to provide an integrated view of the current state of the art, identify technical and policy challenges and opportunities, and promote cross-disciplinary research that takes advantage of novel methodology and what we have learned from innovative applications. This book also fills a systemic gap in the literature by emphasizing informatics driven perspectives (e.g., information system design, data standards, computational aspects of biosurveillance algorithms, and system evaluation). Finally, this book attempts to reach policy makers and practitioners through the clear and effective communication of recent research findings in the context of case studies in IDI and biosurveillance, providing "hands-on" in-depth opportunities to practitioners to increase their understanding of value, applicability, and limitations of technical solutions. This book collects the state of the art research and modern perspectives of distinguished individuals and research groups on cutting-edge IDI technical and policy research and its application in biosurveillance. The contributed chapters are grouped into three units. Unit I provides an overview of recent biosurveillance research while highlighting the relevant legal and policy structures in the context of IDI and biosurveillance ongoing activities. It also identifies IDI data sources while addressing information collection, sharing, and dissemination issues as well as ethical considerations. Unit II contains survey chapters on the types of surveillance methods used to analyze IDI data in the context of public health and bioterrorism. Specific computational techniques covered include: text mining, time series analysis, multiple data streams methods, ensembles of surveillance methods, spatial analysis and visualization, social network analysis, and agent-based simulation. Unit III examines IT and decision support for public health event response and bio-defense. Practical lessons learned in developing public health and biosurveillance systems, technology adoption, and syndromic surveillance for large events are discussed. The goal of this book is to provide an understandable interdisciplinary IDI and biosurveillance reference either used as a standalone textbook or reference for students, researchers, and practitioners in public health, veterinary medicine, biostatistics, information systems, computer science, and public administration and policy. Integrated Series in Information Systems (IS2) strives to publish scholarly work in the technical as well as the organizational side of the field. This series contains three sub-series including: expository and research monographs, integrative handbooks, and edited volumes, focusing on the state-of-the-art of application domains and/or reference disciplines, as related to information systems.
1.Dept. Mathematics & StatisticsArizona State UniversityTempeUSA
2.Eller College of ManagementUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUSA
3.Health Sciences CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA
4.School of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. Medicine & EpidemiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisUSA
5.Eller College of Management, Dept. Management Information SystemsUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUSA
Copyright Information Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
Publisher Name Springer, Boston, MA


A friend of mine, and yes, I do have a couple, and I recently discussed the pros and cons of working with today's youth. It is her belief that there is very little that can be successfully accomplished. Being teenagers, coming from, and returning to negative influences and environments, and the fact that the reasoning portion of their brain does not mature until the mid twenties is tantamount to failure.My twist is that maybe what is said to them is not relevant at this point of time in their lives, but, that maybe in the future, they will remember something that was said to them, and it will make a difference in their choices. Yes, there are times that trying to make a difference in their lives seems fruitless, but there are also times that one can see the small changes they are making that are the first footsteps in their ability to learn and grow. I tell them that, as all humans, we all will continue to make mistakes during our entire lifetime. These mistakes, if we learn from them are the lessons of life, and unless we accept these facts , we will never grow. Taking responsibility and learning from these mistakes is the supreme objective. It is a process, not an end goal. By taking accountability, we strengthen our character, our morality, and our self respect. No matter what is said or done, ultimately, it will be their choice to continue along the path that has obstructed their potential, or make the changes necessary to succeed. Any takers?


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NewsIberia Parish
Mother hopes to erase mental health stigma after daughter's death
She will be participating in the Bayou Side 5k in New Iberia.
NEW IBERIA, La. — Englyn Madisyn Roberts had just turned 14 when she died.
Her mother, Brandy Roberts, hopes events like the Bayou Side 5k can raise awareness of mental health illness. Her family and friends are participating in the event.
"Her friends, my family, coworkers, nieces, nephews, sisters, brothers, they're all to support in her memory," said Roberts.
She says awareness, is crucial to end the stigma and start a conversation, especially among young people.
"I know that they have this thing called the snitch rule," she said. "They don't want to snitch on their friends when their friends confide in them and this is not the time to not be a snitch. If somebody is reporting that they want to self-harm or hurt themselves, or that they're having thoughts about it, that they need to speak to a licensed professional or someone that can actually do something about it."
She says, unfortunately, the cases of loss or self-harm are coming closer to everyone's door, and it isn't until it's too close that some realize.
"You hear of these people and you feel sorry for them, but you never think it's going to happen to you," Roberts added. "And now, it's like almost every week you're hearing something about a teenager or someone close by. It has to stop."
She says she sees herself becoming a mental health advocate after the loss of her 14-year-old daughter.
"I don't want another parent to have to go through the pain and the loss of the questions that we have unanswered because you don't get that back."
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Never know when the shield day comes, right? So take these templates right now than seek them in fear and panic later. With such a wide range of variants, you have a chance to choose anything, which fits your design ideas. Mix with eye-seducing lettering, modify the colors for the delicious look – product or stationery design, clothing, branding, logos, and web – so many high-quality templates for so many purposes!


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Review: Edinburgh Fringe Festival, Brexit, Pleasance Courtyard
Afshan D'souza-Lodhi August 23, 2018 Edinburgh FestivalFestivalOff West EndReviewsTheatre78 views
Most of the country is still confused about Brexit and this play doesn't help with the matter at all. Set in the year 2020 after the Tories have voted in their new leader Adam Masters (Timony Bentinck), Brexit gives us a storyline about manipulation and ever-changing political titles. In the wake of politicians quitting, Masters decides to pit both sides of the Brexit debate against each other instead of dealing with Brexit head on. Waiting for something more topical to take up the front page in the news cycle, Masters hopes that the debate between Simon Cavendish (Hal Cruttenden), Secretary of State for International Trade, and Diana Purdy (Pippa Evans), Secretary of State for Exiting the EU, doesn't cause him problems in parliament. While no real politicians are depicted in the play, it does not take a lot of effort to see the similarities between our own government and that on stage.
While there are some clever quips in the script and the smarminess of the acting adds to the credibility of the characters, the many countless scene changes leaves the audience wondering if this is written for TV rather than stage. It feels like an episode of a longer series, where there are long and slow scenes with nothing happening in between quick scene changes – something that would work in the world of the screen, but get lost on the stage. Written by Robert Khan and Tom Salinsky, there are some clever jokes in the dialogue and some thought definitely went into the symmetry of the staging, but overall there is no drive, nothing to make this a dramatic play. The stakes are not high enough, and this is Brexit we're talking about!
Joining Cruttenden, Bentinck and Evans is Jo Caulfield as Chief EU Negotiator Helena Brandt and Mike McShane as Senior Political Consultant Paul Connell. With such a stellar cast, I was expecting more.
This painstakingly long play (running at 75 minutes) is saved only by its one-liners and gags that the audience seems to love. The play gives not too subtle nods at the current government and perhaps this is what makes it a play to watch right now. But perhaps it'll run its course in the coming months when Brexit becomes something we do not want to laugh about.
Brexit is playing Pleasance Courtyard as part of the Edinburgh Fringe Festival until 26 August 2018. For further information and tickets, click here.
Photo: David Burns
Hal CruttendenJo CaulfieldMike McShanePippa EvansRobert KhanTimony BentinckTom Salinsky
Previous ArticleReview: Edinburgh Fringe Festival, Basecamp, C Venues
Next ArticleReview: Freak, Cecil Sharp House
Afshan D'souza-Lodhi
Afshan D'souza-Lodhi was born in Dubai and is of Indian/Pakistani descent. Afshan writes plays, prose, performance pieces and occasionally passive aggressive tweets. She has received theatre commissions from Royal Exchange Theatre, Z-arts and Eclipse Theatre. Afshan has written articles for Vada Magazine, The Body Narratives and now for A Younger Theatre. Follow her on twitter @ashlodhi or visit her website, one she hardly ever updates www.afshanlodhi.com


Congestion at boat ramps across Kentucky is on the rise with the increased participation in competitive bass tournaments. Concerns from both recreational and tournament anglers stresses the importance of the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources' online Tournament Fishing Schedule site. This voluntary fishing tournament scheduling system was developed in 2005 to help solve congestion problems both at boat ramps and on the water. Use of this site has fluctuated over the years, but remains low. It is becoming critical that tournament organizers use this system to help ensure a better day on the water. Tournament organizers can use it to tell if a ramp is over capacity on a certain day, and then shift elsewhere if necessary to avoid the frustration of a traffic jam at a ramp. In addition, recreational anglers can also use the site to locate ramps that may be less crowed during tournament hours.
Tournament Organizers – Please spread the word about this helpful scheduling system.
All tournaments with more than 100 boats are required to register with the Division of Law Enforcement at least 15 days prior to the event. For information and application materials, contact the Division of Law Enforcement at 1-800-858-1549.
In addition to the requirements from the Department of Fish and Wildlife, there are requirements for tournaments held at Kentucky State Parks. If you are planning a tournament out of a State Park ramp, click here for important information.
Tournament anglers and organizers participating in summer bass tournaments should be extra aware of proper bass handling needs. KDFWR recommends that all bass anglers and tournament organizers review the B.A.S.S. sponsored manual, "Keeping Bass Alive", at the link below. KDFWR Fisheries Division endorses these procedures and recommends that all bass tournament sponsors and anglers adopt these as standard practices in their June – August tournaments when water temperatures are high.
These simple procedures can significantly increase the survival of tournament caught and released bass and will keep next year's winning sack alive.


We believe in advancing dermatology through innovative medical solutions for people with skin health needs. One of the ways we do this is by inviting dermatologists and other doctors to submit project entries to the SKINPACT Awards. We then provide an element of financial support for the winning projects, giving a considerable boost to many worthy skin health initiatives.
The SKINPACT Awards aim to inspire dermatologists, other healthcare professionals and scientific societies to develop and help implement projects that progress dermatology and support a sustainable dermatology community.
We launched the SKINPACT Awards at the 2015 World Conference of Dermatology in Vancouver, and will be focusing on different regions each year: Latin America in 2016, Asia Pacific in 2017, North America in 2018, and Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) in 2019. You can see the shortlisted and winning projects from 2015 to 2017 on the SKINPACT Awards website.
Click here to check-out The SkinPact Awards Worldwide Timeline.
Submit a project: We invite dermatologists from the scheduled region to submit initiatives in one of two categories - Community Leadership or Excellence in Education - at the SKINPACT Awards website.
Evaluation: A panel of expert dermatologists shortlist five projects in each category and decide on one project in each category that will receive their Expert Panel Award.
Online voting: The international dermatology community then has the chance to vote online for the five chosen projects.
Funding: Each winning project (experts and community vote) in each category - so four projects in total - is awarded $US10,000 to support their work.
For more information, please visit the SKINPACT Awards website or follow us on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn or YouTube.


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: 2017 Torre a Cona Chianti Colli Fiorentini
2017 Torre a Cona Chianti Colli Fiorentini
SKU #1473459 Jancis Robinson
Scented clay, leather and red cherry. Crisp acidity and chewy tannins. Bright enough. Drink 2020 - 2023. (TJ) (1/2020)
Hollywood: 9
- The most widely planted grape in Italy is Sangiovese, a high-acid grape with moderate to high tannins, apparent earthiness and subtle fruit. It is thought to have originated in Tuscany and its name, which translates to "blood of Jove," leads historians to believe it may date all the way back to the Etruscan period, though historical mentions only go as far back as the early 1700s. Though planted all over modern Italy, the most significant wines made from Sangiovese still come from Tuscany: Chianti and Brunello di Montalcino. Sangiovese must make up 75% of a blend from the Chianti DOCG t be labeled as such, traditionally allowing for Canaiolo, Trebbiano and Malvasia for the remainder, though more recently small proportions of Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot have been allowed. In Brunello di Montalcino the wine must be made entirely of Sangiovese. Prugnolo is Montepulciano's name for Sangiovese, and it is used there for the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano wines. In the DOC of Carmignano Sangiovese can be blended with 20% Cabernet Sauvignon. There are also Super Tuscans, IGT wines that blend Sangiovese with large proportions of Cabernet or Merlot. Elsewhere in Italy it is a workhorse grape, though it does find some success (though not the longevity) in the Montefalco and Torgiano wines of Umbria as well as the foundation of Rosso Piceno and a significant element of Rosso Conero from the Marches. Like Nebbiolo, Sangiovese has struggled to find footing outside of Italy, though in recent years California wineries have been having better fortune with grape plantings in the Sierra Foothills/El Dorado County, as well as Sonoma County and the Central Coast.
- Once named Enotria for its abundant vineyards, Italy (thanks to the ancient Greeks and Romans) has had an enormous impact on the wine world. From the shores of Italy, the Romans brought grapes and their winemaking techniques to North Africa, Spain and Portugal, Germany, France, the Danube Valley, the Middle East and even England. Modern Italy, which didn't actually exist as a country until the 1870s, once produced mainly simple, everyday wine. It wasn't until the 1970s that Italy began the change toward quality. The 1980s showed incredible efforts and a lot of experimentation. The 1990s marked the real jump in consistent quality, including excellence in many Region that had been indistinct for ages. The entire Italian peninsula is seeing a winemaking revolution and is now one of the most exciting wine Region in the world.
- Chianti is the most famous wine name in Italy is not the name of a grape but actually a region. Chianti lies in the 35 miles of hills between Florence and Siena, a complex geological region as well as geographically. The extraordinary geography makes grape growing a very challenging feat with multiple exposures and soil types on the same estate. The region comprises 9 different communes not dissimilar to Bordeaux wherein each commune has a particular characteristic that shows in the wine. The wine is made predominantly Sangiovese, the grape must comprise at least 80% of the blend. Chianti Classico is the "classic" region, though many other nearby regions now use the name "Chianti" to make similar wines. The "Gallo Nero" or Black Rooster on many of the Chianti Classico bottles is a private consortium of producers who try and control the direction of production and quality amongst their members.


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It's No Surprise Women Aren't Into the 'Female Viagra' Addyi
You can't drink before taking it? Really?
https://www.flickr.com/photos/iloveblue/
Yasmin Tayag
The five-year buildup leading to FDA's approval of Addyi — also known as "female Viagra" — has been anticlimactic. Physicians across the United States have had the option to prescribe the libido-boosting drug over the past month, but if prescription rates are any indication, women are simply not interested. But given the drug's wealth of side effects, low efficacy, and restrictions on alcohol, it really isn't that surprising.
Over the past few weeks, only 227 prescriptions for Addyi have been issued.
In contrast, as Bloomberg points out, over half a million patients requested Viagra prescriptions when it was first released in 1998. It's not really a fair comparison: They are two very different drugs. And if patients don't know this going in, they certainly would realize it after a consultation with their doctor.
While Viagra has immediate effects, Addyi is a daily drug — costing $20 to $26 a pill — that's meant to boost a woman's sex drive over time.
It's not especially effective at doing this, either: Clinical trials have shown that only 10 percent of patients find it more helpful than a placebo.
On top of its low effectivity, Addyi can potentially cause serious side effects, such as severely low blood pressure and fainting. Because of these risks, Addyi comes with a strict no-alcohol policy — which, for anyone wanting to perk up their sex life, is a total buzzkill.


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/ TOP STORIES
Binay eyes Erap as running mate
posted June 06, 2015 at 12:01 am by Vito Barcelo
VICE President Jejomar Binay said on Friday he may asked former President and incumbent Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada to be his running mate in 2016 in a reversal of roles during the 2010 presidential election.
"It is no longer Erap-Binay, it is now Binay-Erap," Binay said in a radio interview in Naval, Biliran. "We call that BEST. Do you know what BEST means? Binay-Estrada."
Meeting of the minds. File photo shows Vice President
Jejomar Binay with Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada after a
closed-door meeting at the Manila City Hall last May 27.
DANNY PATA
Binay said he met with Estrada and had a one-hour closed-door meeting at the Manila city hall last week, but both denied that their meeting was in preparation for the 2016 elections.
The Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), headed by Estrada, and the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban), headed by Binay, signed a coalition agreement on April 4, 2012 for the 2013 elections, forming the United Nationalist Alliance (UNA).
Binay is now considered the official standard bearer of UNA and he said there is a search committee that is considering a number of possible running mates.
"The elections are still far away and we still have to discuss the mechanism for choosing our candidates," Binay said.
The Binay camp had earlier indicated that it was hoping Senator Grace Poe would run as the Vice President's running mate, but the senator declined the offer even as she considers running for president herself.
Binay's spokespersons later denied the they offered Poe the spot on the slate. "There was never an offer. It was a reply to questions from media if (Grace Poe) was being considered. Of course, the polite answer of the VP is yes," said UNA interim president and Navotas Rep. Tobias Tiangco.
Joey Salgado, Binay's spokesperson for media affairs, said Poe was only one of several personalities being considered to be the UNA's vice presidential candidate next year, but "no offer was made formally or informally."
Estrada and Binay are known to be close to the Poe family since the senator's deceased father Fernando Poe Jr. was known to be a close friend of Estrada while Binay served as his campaign manager when the actor ran for president in 2004.
But their relationships appear to be souring recently, especially after Poe signed a Senate document recommending the filing of corruption charges against Binay.
The Binay camp later challenged Poe's eligibility to run for president after she herself indicated in her certificate of candidacy in 2010 that her residency in the Philippines would not suffice to meet the 10-year requirement in the Constitution.
In an apparent bid to mend fences, Binay's daughter, Makati Rep. Mar-len Abigail Binay called for a ceasefire in the word war with Poe and lamented that the question on Poe's residency was being used to fuel a "personal war" between her father and the senator.
The congresswoman said the issue can only be resolved in court and lamented the verbal joust among lawyers who have various opinions.
"That will lead to nothing, except fuel the rift between my father and Senator Poe," Abigail said.
The congresswoman also clarified that his father has nothing to do with Tiangco's revelation of the supposed residency issues. .
Poe also said she does not have any personal quarrels with the Binay family although they have been hurling hurtful allegations against her.
"I merely answered the accusations hurled against me by their spokesperson because people have a right to know who I am. I don't hide anything from them," said Poe.
Poe insisted she has not forgotten the relationship between the Binay and Poe families and reiterated that she has not even decided with finality whether to run for higher office in 2016.


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Why is Thiago Silva song called that?
The song is produced by 169 and samples Ruff Sqwad's "Pied Piper". The song title refers to Brazilian footballer Thiago Silva. Complex magazine ranked the song at number 10 on their list of "Grime's Most Impactful Songs of the 2010s".
Who made the Thiago Silva song?
Thiago Silva/Composers
Who did Dave bring out at Coachella?
"Spike from London" rapped along to 'Thiago Silva' impeccably at this weekend's California festival. A fan brought out on stage by Dave at Coachella for a rapturous performance of 'Thiago Silva' has been revealed to be the son of director Richard Curtis.
How long is Thiago Silva's contract?
Chelsea defender Thiago Silva has signed a one-year contract extension with the club until the end of the 2022/23 season.
Why is Thiago Silva song called that? – Related Questions
How much does Thiago Silva earn per week?
Chelsea FC Players Contract, Salaries and Market Values 2022
Weekly Wage
Thiago Silva 37 £110,000
Hakim Ziyech 29 £100,000
Denis Zakaria 25 £90,577
Mason Mount 23 £90,000
How much was Thiago Silva earning at PSG?
12 million EUR (2013)
Thiago Silva / Salary
What is Thiago Alcantara salary?
Thiago Alcántara do Nascimento signed a 4 year / £41,600,000 contract with the Liverpool F.C., including an annual average salary of £10,400,000.
Who is the highest payment in Liverpool?
1 – Mohammed Salah £350,000 weekly
Signing a new deal in the summer of 2022 the Egyptian international surpassed Van Dijk to become the club's top earner, and also the club's highest-paid player in history when he signed a new three-year deal that will keep him on Merseyside till at least 2025.
Who is the highest paid Player at Liverpool 2022?
Who is Liverpool's Highest-Paid Player? Highest Liverpool Players Salaries? Mohamed Salah signed a new contract in the summer of 2022. Salah is now the highest-paid player at Liverpool earning £350,000 per week.
Who is the highest paid player in Liverpool in 2021?
Who is the highest paid star at Liverpool? Egyptian striker Mohamed Salah leads the way at Liverpool after signing a new contract, with a weekly wage of £350,000, or £18.2m a year, according to capology.com. That puts him ahead of Virgil van Dijk and Thiago.
Who is Man U highest paid player?
Ronaldo is the highest earner at United with an annual wage of £26.5million with David de Gea (£19.5million) and Jadon Sancho (£18.2million) completing the top three.
Who is the highest paid player at PSG 2022?
12 highest-paid football players in the world in 2022
KYLIAN MBAPPE (PSG) – $62 MILLION/YEAR.
Lionel Messi (PSG) – $41 million/year.
Neymar Jr (PSG) – $36.5 million/year.
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United) – $36 million/year.
Oscar (Shanghai SIPG) – $34 million / year.
Andres Iniesta (Vissel Kobe) – $31 million / year.
Who is Chelsea's highest paid player?
The highest earner of 2021/22 was Belgian striker Romelu Lukaku.
Why did Roman sell Chelsea?
Almost nobody in football had heard of Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich before he acquired Chelsea in 2003, but he became the most successful and controversial Premier League owner of the last two decades before the U.K. government forced him to sell the club because of his links with Russia president Vladimir Putin.
Who is the highest paid player in England?
Top 10 highest paid players in Premier League 2022-23
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United) – £480,000 p/w.
Kevin De Bruyne (Manchester City) – £400,000 p/w.
David De Gea (Manchester United) -£375,000 p/w.
Mohamed Salah (Liverpool) – £350,000 p/w.
Casemiro (Manchester United) – £350,000 p/w.
Who is the richest footballer in Chelsea 2022?
Raheem Sterling is the highest paid player at Chelsea with a £325,000 a week salary.


February 16, 2019 - The match was played in Buenos Aires on Saturday 16 February 2019, and kicked off at 23:40pm SA Time.
The Lions have never won in Buenos Aires since the Jaguares joined Super Rugby in 2016, but this year it was the 1st fixture for both teams in the competition, and the Lions decided to pick their strongest available side and targeted the game for a win. This stratgegy clearly paid off, as they managed to win the match 25-16, with Marnus Schoeman scoring a hat-trick.
The Lions took an early 5-0 lead in the match, when Marnus Schoeman powered over for a try from a driving maul in the 3rd minute, but then the Jaguares hit back with a converted try of their own and two penalties to make it 13-5 in the favour of the home side.
Ten minutes before the break, Elton Jantjies reduced the deficit with a penalty, to make the score 13-8, and then the Lions had a monster scrum on the Jaguares try-line, from which Marnus Schoeman picked up and went with the turn on the left hand side to score. Jantjies added the conversion to put the Lions in a 15-13 lead at the break.
In the second half the Lions were the 1st to score when Marnus Schoeman scored his 3rd try, another one from close range with the forwards doing the work. Jantjies added the conversion, to make it 22-13 for the visitors.
The Jaguares then kicked another penalty with about 20 minutes left in the match to put some pressure on the Lions, but about ten minutes later Elton Jantjies kicked a penalty to make it a nine point game again, and then the Lions defended extremely well to the end of the game to get their 1st win in Argentina, the score 25-16 in their favour.
Jaguares: 15 Joaquin Tuculet, 14 Bautista Delguy, 13 Matias Orlando, 12 Jeronimo de la Fuente (captain), 11 Ramiro Moyano, 10 Joaquin Diaz Bonilla, 9 Gonzalo Bertranou, 8 Javier Ortego Desio, 7 Rodrigo Bruni, 6 Pablo Matera, 5 Tomas Lavanini, 4 Guido Petti, 3 Santiago Medrano, 2 Agustin Creevy, 1 Mayco Vivas.
Replacements: 16 Julian Montoya, 17 Juan Pablo Zeiss, 18 Enrique Pieretto, 19 Matias Alemanno, 20 Marco Kremer, 21 Martin Landajo, 22 Juan Cruz Mallia, 23 Matias Moroni.
Lions: 15. Andries Coetzee, 14. Courtnall Skosan, 13. Lionel Mapoe, 12. Harold Vorster, 11. Aphiwe Dyantyi, 10. Elton Jantjies, 9. Nic Groom, 8. Warren Whiteley, 7. Hacjivah Dayimani, 6. Marnus Schoeman, 5. Marvin Orie, 4. Rhyno Herbst, 3. Carlu Sadie, 2. Malcolm Marx, 1. Dylan Smith.
Replacements: 16. Pieter Jansen, 17. Frans van Wyk, 18. Jacobie Adriaanse, 19. Ruan Vermaak, 20. Robert Kruger, 21. Gianni Lombard/Dillon Smit, 22. Wandisile Simelane, 23. Ruan Combrinck.


For a long time, Germany was considered Europe's engine of growth. But now its economy is feeling the strain of a significant slide in exports. The picture does look better on the domestic front, however. Several key sentiment indicators are raising expectations of an economic upswing in the second half of the year.
The German economic engine has been spluttering in recent months. GDP fell in the third quarter of 2018 and increased by a mere 0.02 per cent in the fourth quarter. Germany thus only just avoided a technical recession. The prevailing economic trends are atypical in more than one way. While the industrial sector is in a slump, the service sector seems unusually stable. This is particularly surprising given the fact that domestic demand in Germany has historically tended to be weaker than the export sector. Now it is domestic consumers who are shoring up the economy.
In January 2019, the purchasing managers' index for the German industrial sector fell below the 50-point mark – which separates expansion from contraction – for the first time since November 2014. The situation failed to improve in the months that followed – quite the opposite, in fact. In March, following eight successive periods of decline, the barometer dropped to 44.7 points, its lowest level for six-and-a-half years. Its subcomponent for new industrial orders from home and abroad has also fallen to levels well below 50 points in recent months. March's Economic Sentiment Indicator (ESI) provided further evidence of an ongoing slump in manufacturing. And given that there are no signs yet of a rally in global growth, the situation for German foreign trade is likely to improve only modestly in the near term.
Source: Destatis; as at 2 April 2019.
The recent data highlights what we already know – that the German economy is heavily reliant on exports. When global economic growth is strong and synchronised, there is a lot of demand from abroad for Germany's products. But because the world economy began to cool significantly last year, appetite for German imports has waned almost everywhere. Germany's biggest trading partners are – alongside the US and China – its European neighbours, who are themselves having to contend with a weakening economy.
The rise in protectionism is also having an impact. The customs tariffs and import restrictions threatened by US President Donald Trump are at the centre of the prolonged trade dispute between the US and China. Germany is feeling the impact too as it does a huge amount of trade with both countries. What's more, China is also battling an economic slowdown. Last year, the world's second-biggest economy grew at the weakest rate since 1990. Beijing is seeking to reverse this trend by cutting taxes to reduce the burden on companies and consumers, by increasing spending on infrastructure and by making it easier for small and medium-sized businesses to borrow. The consequences of China's growing pains extend well beyond the borders of the country itself.
Despite all this, there is no reason to be overly pessimistic about Germany. The picture does look much better on the domestic front, after all. The situation in the German labour market, for example, has remained stable in recent months in spite of the weakening economy. According to market research company GfK, German households will see their disposable income rise by nearly 3.5 per cent both this year and next. Because of this, GfK is also predicting a 1.5 per cent rise in consumer spending for 2019 as a whole. This is despite the slightly subdued trend in March, when consumers' income expectations and willingness to make large purchases contracted due to the uncertainty surrounding Brexit and the trade dispute. These factors were reflected in the GfK consumer climate index, which fell by 0.3 points to 10.4 points. But because German consumers are now more optimistic about the economy again, their spending levels remain exceptionally strong overall.
Sentiment has also improved among companies of late. The Ifo business climate index surprised the markets in March with a rise from 98.7 to 99.6 points – the first upswing following six declines in succession. The companies surveyed were more optimistic about both the current situation and the future outlook than in the previous months. The trend in business appears to be mirroring the rest of the leading indicators: whereas the Ifo index for industry fell to its lowest level for around seven years, sentiment in the service sector and in retail improved significantly.
Union Investment's own leading indicators are also pointing to a shift in sentiment. The barometers for the US (ULI), the eurozone (ELI) and China (CLI) have all reversed and started to climb again, . and this trend is likely to continue for the time being. China's extensive economic stimulus package and the major central banks' looser monetary policy will provide support. However, the economists at Union Investment are still predicting that German economic growth in 2019, at 0.7 per cent, will be much lower than in the previous year, not least because of the faltering industrial sector. At the same time, the current strength of the service sector is proving to be a stabilising factor for the German economy. The experts therefore anticipate a much more stable growth rate of 1.3 per cent for 2020.
Unless otherwise noted, all Information and illustrations are as at 25 March 2019.


A recent study indicates pet owners who bring their dogs to work have less stress throughout the day than pet owners whose dogs are at home, and non-pet owners.
Employees with dogs at home experience increasing levels of stress during the workday as the number of hours their pet has been left alone piles up.
Researchers preliminarily concluded dogs in the workplace might alleviate the effects of stress for their owners, and may also contribute to higher job satisfaction for all employees in the organization, regardless of dog or pet ownership.
Because not all employees appreciate the presence of dogs in the workplace, it's important for employers contemplating allowing pets at work to set guidelines and remain sensitive to the needs of non-pet owning workers. Otherwise, dogs in the workplace could actually increase the general stress level among employees.
A recent study looked at the impact of pet dogs in the workplace. Specifically, the researchers – four from Virginia Commonwealth University and one from Wright-Patterson AFB in Ohio -- wanted to find out how the presence of employees' dogs effects stress levels and job satisfaction.
Employee stress levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) and by measuring morning cortisol levels. A VAS is a psychological measurement tool used in questionnaires. It's designed to assess subjective characteristics or attitudes that cannot be directly measured. Study participants give their level of agreement to a VAS question by picking a position (for example, "none," "mild," "moderate," or "severe") on a continuous line between two end-points.
VAS scores were lowest for the DOG group, middle-of-the-road for the NOPET group, and highest for the NODOG group. Interestingly, the stress level of employees with dogs at home increased significantly as the day wore on, indicating working pet owners may grow anxious the longer their dogs are left alone.
Over the course of the workday, stress decreased for the DOG group and increased for the NODOG and NOPET groups. The NODOG group had much higher stress levels than the DOG group at the end of the day. Also, the researchers observed a marked difference in stress patterns for the DOG group depending on whether or not their pets were with them on a particular day. On days when they left their dogs home, the owners' stress level elevated throughout the day very similar to the pattern of the NODOG group.
Employee feelings about dogs in the workplace ranged from mostly positive for those who brought their dogs to work, to mostly negative for non-pet owners who were bothered by noise, disruption or hygiene issues created by the presence of the dogs.
The researchers concluded their preliminary findings demonstrate dogs in the workplace may mitigate the effects of stress for their owners, and may also contribute to higher job satisfaction for all employees in the organization, regardless of dog or pet ownership.
How Attached Are You to Your Four-Legged Companion?
Please… Don't Get a Dog!


Take a break from packing and moving with these quick fun facts about holidays, humor, etc.
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Happy Holidays from all of us here at QuikStor Self Storage!
Halloween is just around the corner! Candy corn, pumpkin spice, and talk of witches and black cats fill the air. Families are putting finishing touches of their Halloween decorations and children are hanging their costumes, ready for the fun-filled night coming this October 31. To add to the celebrations, here are 13 Wicked Halloween Fun Facts about the Holiday.
1. The largest pumpkin ever recorded weighed at 836 pounds! It was grown by Norm Craven who broke the previously held world record in 1993.
2. The mask used by the character Michael Meyers in John Carpenter's 1978 Halloween film is a Captain Kirk mask that was sold in the 70s. The film crew was on a strict budget and purchased the mask as it was the most economically feasible option for them at the time. They manipulated the mask to make it appear as spooky as possible and to separate its likeness from Kirk.
3. Halloween was also once known as All Hallows' Eve, Samhain, Witches Night, Lamswool, and Summer's End.
4. Trick-or-Treating is based on the Celtic holiday Samhain where food and sweets would be put outside to feed the spirits who came out on that night. This would be the last day of the Celtic calendar year.
5. Harry Houdini, the world renowned magician, died on October 31, 1926.
6. Salem, Massachusetts, is the Halloween capital of the world having history in the Salem Witch trials.
7. The record for most Jack O'Lanterns lit at one moment (over 30,000!) is held by Boston, Massachusetts.
8. The Salem Witch Trials took place in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693 and more than 200 "witches" and "wizards" were accused of practicing magic.
9. The most well-known Halloween song is the "Monster Mash" which was sung by Bobby "Boris" Pickett and released in 1962, featuring lyrics on all the famous monsters like Frankenstein and Dracula.
10. Jack-O-Lanterns were originally created from turnips, beets, and potatoes years ago.
11. A survey revealed that 50% of kids prefer to receive chocolate candy when trick-or-treating during Halloween, 24% prefer non-chocolate candy, and 10% prefer gum.
13. Americans will buy 600 million pounds of candy for Halloween.


text:
[The PSOE of San Javier warns of the risk of COVID that the municipality supposes for university exams to be done in person (11/01/2021)
Councilor Pedro Mart nez Gorriz has signed together with the rest of the youth leaders of the PSOE in all the City Councils of the Region a joint declaration requesting the non-face-to-face celebration of the January university exams.
The Socialist Councilor in the City Council of San Javier Pedro Mart nez Gorriz has warned of the risk that this municipality, the seat of teaching of the University of Murcia, represents that in full wave of the coronavirus pandemic, face-to-face exams are maintained of this university center both by students from other municipalities who would go to San Javier and by Sanjaviereños students who would gather at the Murcia Campus and could spread the virus more in our environment, putting at risk also the elderly with whom they live.
For this reason, on behalf of the Municipal Socialist Group in the San Javier City Council, Mart nez Gorriz has joined the Socialist Councilors of the 45 municipalities of the Region of Murcia, responsible for the Youth Area who have signed a joint declaration in which they show their solidarity and support for all university students, adding to their demand to reverse the decision made by the competent authorities to maintain the face-to-face modality in the exams of the January call.
The municipal officials indicate that "there are already 22 of the 45 municipalities that will have restrictions on the mobility of people through the perimeter closure of each of them, due to the high incidence of the pandemic in them", for What "it is difficult to understand that the competent authorities continue to maintain the face-to-face modality in conducting exams, since it involves the displacement of tens of thousands of students from all points of the city.
Regi ne, even, from other Autonomous Communities ".
Likewise, they point out in their statement that this type of exams could cause "the agglomeration of students in the corridors, common areas and other places such as cafeterias or canteens." They make special mention of the problem that causes the movement of public transport to the examination centers, given "the difficulty of many students to travel to the university centers given the lack of public transport and the low frequency of passage of the The same in many of the municipalities and populations of the Region, which, in addition to being a detriment to those who find themselves in need of moving, could become a situation of risk of crowding in buses and trains on the routes with the highest demand ".
Finally, they point out that "in mid-November, by the Technical Health Committee of the University of Murcia, the realization of the exams in their face-to-face modality was already discouraged, recommending that they were developed through a non-face-to-face modality.
Therefore, given the current epidemiological and health situation, we consider that the competent authorities will reconsider the decision adopted and establish the online modality in the realization of ex menes ", as well as providing the educational system with more resources to" guarantee equality in access to the means necessary to carry out the online celebration of exams ", and that the" Report that endorses the realization of the exams in this January call ".
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Source: PSOE San Javier


text:
Q: Circular dependency struct, error redefinition of struct when using forward declaration The following code compiles in C, using ARMCC under Keil, However fails to compile in C++, using G++ under eclipse. The original code had some const keywords but that seems to be causing another, less important issue, so I removed them for now.
struct MENU
{
    struct MENU *   NextMenu;
    struct MENU *   PrevMenu;
    void            (* InitFunction)(void);
};

typedef struct MENU MENU_T;

MENU_T MENU_A; // <- this forward declaration is needed for circular reference between structs
MENU_T MENU_B;
MENU_T MENU_C;

MENU_T
MENU_A = // <- However redefinition error occurs here
{
    .NextMenu = &MENU_B,
    .PrevMenu = &MENU_C,
    .InitFunction = 0,
};

MENU_T
MENU_B =
{
    .NextMenu = &MENU_C,
    .PrevMenu = &MENU_A,
    .InitFunction = 0,
};

MENU_T
MENU_C =
{
    .NextMenu = &MENU_A,
    .PrevMenu = &MENU_B,
    .InitFunction = 0,
};

As far as I can tell, the first line is a declaration and not a definition, so the "error redefinition" should not occur...

A: With MENU_T MENU_A;, you do not "forward declare" a variable named MENU_A, you rather define it. Hence, when you later write MENU_T MENU_A = { ... }, you get an error indicating that you redefine a variable with the same name MENU_A.
For just declaring a variable (without defining it), use keyword extern:
extern MENU_T MENU_A; // declaration of MENU_A, not a definition
extern MENU_T MENU_B;
extern MENU_T MENU_C;

MENU_T MENU_A =
{
    .NextMenu = &MENU_B,
    .PrevMenu = &MENU_C,
    .InitFunction = 0,
};

...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It happened! What a party. Pictures to follow.
The 1966 graduating class of Oak Bay High School, Victoria BC had their 50th Reunion on June 3 and 4, 2016. If you are a member of this class, and have not been contacted, please contact us using the form on the Contact page. If you know of any other graduates, please direct them to this site.
I will then post them to this site for everyone to see.


Q. Why do I see black screenshots?
2 - Try disabling your antivirus software. Sometimes antivirus software can prevent screenshots from happening. If the screenshots start working again when your antivirus software is disabled, then you'll need to re-enable the antivirus software and adjust the settings in your anti-virus software to allow the screenshots, or contact your antivirus software provider for support with this issue.


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