text:
CRIME EPISODES
DICKENS EPISODES
MEDICINE & DISEASE EPISODES
NAPOLEONIC EPISODES
POLITICS EPISODES
QUEEN VICTORIA EPISODES
SCIENCE EPISODES
SOCIAL HISTORY EPISODES
Lady Elizabeth Butler
Famous criminals
William Habron & Charles Peace
Battle of Waterloo (Main Map & Hougoumont Farm)
The 100 Days Campaign
TRANSCRIPT Episode 002 Napoleon and the French Army in 1815
Published by Age of Victoria on 2017-06-20 2017-06-20
What price is too high for ambition? It can be a difficult question. Ambition has driven us throughout history. It can be what makes a person strive for a education or a job. It has built monuments and civilisations. But how far is too ambitious? Does it depend on who you are? Or are the consequences more important? Is it ok to let your ambition kill people? After all just becoming a President or a Prime Minister or a Tsar means you will end up having people killed. Someone has to do that job though. If you exclude one person for being too ambitious, how do you know that the next person will do as good a job as the one you've just excluded. Isn't a certain amount of ruthlessness and ambition exactly what's needed in a great leader? And how do you deal with it when you know you are one of the historical "great men" as they are called. If you are an Alexander or a Caesar, that ambition is going to kill people, but you know that you are cut from another cloth to most people. Because if people like Alexander or Caesar aren't ambitious, then how does civilisation move and evolve? Without Caesar, maybe Rome stays a Mediterranean power, and there is no modern France or Spain or Britain. There's no Constantinople; perhaps even no Crusades or contact with China – so maybe the world never moves past the technology, social structures and populations of 1st century AD. Imagine a world that doesn't change from then and try to imaging what that's like.
The Victorians absolutely had to deal with this ambition problem though. It wasn't an academic issue for them. Cecil Rhodes, Charles Napier, "Chinese" Gordon, Abraham Lincoln were all people who had to put a large dose of ambition and a willingness to see people dead to achieve what they thought were larger goals. Throughout our period, the British Victorians were building an Empire as were the French, Prussians, Russians and North Americans. That often leads to some very uncomfortable questions, about who is building it and why. That leads me to another trait that these great men often have, and that's "they have a self confidence you could bend iron bars around." That's going to be a key to understanding the Age of the Victorians right there, the almost insane self confidence we're going to see again and again. Searching for the source of the Nile, or the Northern Passage, journeying up the Amazon or taking a handful of soldiers and scraped together forces against enormous odds in far flung parts of the world.
And what's the biggest gamble you've ever taken? Have you ever staked it all on a risky throw of the dice? When most of us say we have taken a gamble, we usually mean something mundane like trying a new restaurant or seeing a film or going on a date. Even the big stuff is usually fairly small in the grand scheme of things. Quitting a job, starting a business or moving house is rarely going to kill you, and even if it does that is limited to you and your family. What I think we all have in common is a sense of fear of the unknown and that moment where the urge to jump becomes unbearable.
In 1815, in what has to be one of the great gambles in world history, Napoleon left Elba with a handful of men to reconquer France. Now I can't really imagine how Napoleon felt when he left Elba on 26 February 1815 and landed in France on 01 March 1815. I'm not going through the whole history of Napoleon. I'm going to assume that you know something about his rise from provincial nobody to revolutionary general to 1st Consul to Emperor of the French and master of Europe to exile on Elba. His return started what was known as the 100 days. With just 1,000 men, he invaded France. That has to be one of the most utterly self confident things anyone has ever done. Still, he was not leaping in the dark. The returned Monarchy had quickly wasted any goodwill it had, and it had treated the officers and men of the old Grand Armee disgracefully. The exiled aristocratic class had returned to France and begun the usual aristocratic ways of extraction, and despotism. The old army and people of France were ready for help to fight the tyranny of monarchy. The press reacted in typical style. QUOTE from Le Moniteur Universel 1815 between 9 March 1815 and 21 March 1815
The cannibal has left his lair.
The Corsican ogre has just landed at the Juan Gulf.
The tiger has arrived at Gap.
The monster slept at Grenoble.
The tyrant has crossed Lyons.
The usurper was seen sixty leagues from the capital.
Bonaparte has advanced with great strides, but he will never enter Paris.
Tomorrow, Napoleon will be under our ramparts.
The Emperor has arrived at Fontainbleau. His Imperial and Royal Majesty entered his palace at the Tuileries last night in the midst of his faithful subjects.
Napoleon was like a lot of the "great men" of history – he had a belief in fortune and some greater destiny. He felt he was marked out for greatness. And if you look at him, you can see why. He was unquestionably an intellectual genius who was one of the greatest military commanders in history. At his best he was nearly incomparable. He regularly appears in the top 5 military leaders in history. He also possessed a highly intelligent scientific mind, and a formidable legal brain. It is worth remembering as we evaluate him and Waterloo, that he was also the sole ruler of France at the time, responsible for all civil affairs in her borders and colonies. He also had to deal with all international diplomatic relations, re-order the constitution and economy, re-form and re-supply the military and at the same time fight a campaign against an international coalition determined to use the resources of their combined nations to destroy him. I think you will come to see that the surprise is not that Wellington beat Napoleon, but how amazing it is that the Emperor came so close to actually winning.
I'm going to quickly digress as I think we should put the issue of Napoleon's height to rest. He was 5ft 4 inches in French Imperial measure, which was 5ft 7 inches in British Imperial measure. That made him of average height for France in the early 1800's. A number of modern political leaders are also the same height. For comparison, the Duke of Wellington was probably around 5ft 10inches. A lot of the reason for the confusion was highly effective British propaganda that made him out to be small, physically weak, combined with the mistranslation over the height from French measure to British Imperial. Later on Tolstoy (who loathed Napoleon) called him [quote] "the undersized Napoleon" [end quote] as well as other unflattering descriptions. Dr Alfred Adler, a psychiatrist first proposed the Napoleon complex to describe short men over compensating with aggression, which has set the myth in stone.
Now let's have a look at Europe on the eve of Waterloo campaign in the year 1815. France was without a doubt the great power of the age. She has a population of and was agriculturally rich. Like Britain she was a predominantly agrarian society with the bulk of the population involved in farming or labour. Unlike Britain, France was not a strong naval power. A focus on continental strategy, rather than blue water power projection combined with a series of naval defeats meant France was unable to challenge British naval dominance, which was absolute in 1815. This had a huge impact on French strategy. When naval historians and strategists talk about navies, they will try and define the role of the navy. Navies can be vital in securing trade routes, for costal defence, troop transport, commerce raiding and if capable of long campaigns far from the home base, they can be called Blue Water navies. That means they can project power whether military, commercial or diplomatic, a long way from the home country. That can make them tremendously powerful. The down side is that they are immensely expensive. Just putting a fleet to sea costs more than money; it requires materials to build the ship, often these are hard to obtain. The British had to import timber from the Baltic. It's not just materials to build though, fleets need men and supplies. They need training, secure harbours, support vessels, and as Mahon noted in his immensely influential work "The Impact of Sea Power on History", a huge merchant marine fleet to give depth. They also need an arms industry tailored to their specific needs that can keep replacement weapons and ammunition flowing. The upside of this is that if you have a powerful navy, you can do a lot of things that perhaps your opponent can't. In 1815, Britain had that navy and Napoleon didn't. Not only did Britain have that fleet, but it could do the lot. It was a blue water fleet and could strike anywhere, but it could also protect commerce, transport troops, raid enemy merchants and blockade enemy ports. Lack of a blue water navy had condemned France to a continental strategy, and they missed the opportunity to assume a dominant role in controlling the Mediterranean. The British fleet allowed a global network of trade, colonisation and slavery that brought immense wealth and power to Britain. This in turn meant the French couldn't control trade routes or prevent British troop movements by sea. As soon as Napoleon returned, almost the first thing that happened was that the Royal Navy swept the sea's around France clean of French shipping. Getting supplies and allies from overseas would be an immensely difficult task for the Emperor.
Napoleon paid more than just lip service to the principles of the revolution on his return to France. He instituted important reforms, and established a civilian government. He was the Emperor but his position was precarious so the civil authority had considerable power. Napoleon had to topple the monarchy and set up a new government, then fend off the various invasions. That was not the time for full on ballot box democracy. It is a mistake to view him as a dictator at this stage though. He actually had somewhat less power than he did before his previous exile, and would rely more heavily on the civilian government.
Napoleon in 1815 was not the same Napoleon who had repeatedly thrashed the powers of Europe in 1800-1806. He was older, fatter, slower and less energetic but the Emperor was not to be taken lightly. He was still renowned as a master of war with a glittering list of victories that went from Spain to Russia, from Italy to the Baltic and from the Danube to the Nile. He was not invincible as the disasters in Spain and Russia had proved, but his final defence of France in 1814 had been brilliant. Napoleon in 1815 had a serious problem though. He needed one thing above all else and that was time. He needed it because the powers at the congress of Vienna had declared him an outlaw and would form the 7th Coalition. He had put out peace feelers and appeared to be genuinely willing to work within an international framework. The war was not the Old World of Europe against France, it was against Napoleon. He needed time to get his veteran soldiers to return to the colours. He needed time to levee new recruits. He needed time to re-write the constitution, and completely restructure the economy, he needed time to get his Marshals to return to him and he needed the former prisoners of war who had been returned to be re-enlisted. That was a real problem for Napoleon because he knew that time was a double edged sword. The longer he waited, the more troops and supplies his enemies could put in the field against him.
In an unfortunate stroke of timing, Napoleon had returned to France during the international Congress of Vienna. The former combatants had gathered to create what they claimed would be a new European order of peace and security. It would also just happen to re-establish the old aristocracies, especially in France because hey we've seen what happens when you put the people in charge, they actually want to try to run things and distribute land fairly, have an even handed legal system, abolish privilege and all kinds of non-sense. Luckily we can fix all that and oh crap Napoleon is back. Didn't we just get rid of him?
So the representatives of the European powers assembled at the Congress of Vienna issued a declaration outlawing Napoleon and agreed to place armies of at least 150,000 each in the field to oppose him.
The Coalition Powers agreed on a coordinated invasion of France to start on 1 July 1815.
Britain and Prussia would assemble their armies in Belgium (a territory recently acquired by United Kingdom of the Netherlands)
The Russians would assemble an army and advance through Germany towards the French frontier
The Austrians would assemble two armies and advance on the French frontiers
The troops of Bavaria, Baden, Wurtemberg, and Hesse, would assemble their troops on the upper Rhine under the command of the Prince of Württemberg.
Now try to imagine that you suddenly have to arrange to defend an entire country after you've just overthrown the government. You have to cover the frontiers, plan a strategy and set the victory conditions you want to achieve, create an organisational structure, move troops by horse, cart and foot, and work using only hand drawn maps. If you lose, it might cost you your life and your country could be conquered or broken up. A lot of us struggle to organise an office so try to conceive of the scale of the task that Napoleon has here. When he took over government on 19 March 1815 from the debased and despised Louise XVIII he inherited the standing army of 46,000 combat ready troops. By the end of May Napoleon had managed to raise this to 198,000. Think about how difficult some companies find it to recruit even a handful of low level staff and now scale it up to the massive numbers Napoleon needed. He need boots, uniforms, horses, reserves, gun limbers, carriages, bandages, food, muskets, ammunition, maps and a huge array of other supplies. To give you another idea of the scale of the challenge, remember that Napoleon didn't just have to defeat the British & Prussians in Belgium. He had to prepare for an expected Spanish invasion, an expected British naval landing in Southern France, guard the Swiss Boarder to prevent an invasion, secure the Italian border and the frontiers of the Prussian/German states. The Allies could potentially field 989,000 men against him. It is important to note that the French armies weren't entirely based on conscription, but it became more and more important as the years passed.
I think you are beginning to see that far from some of the Victorian myths of Wellington "The Iron Duke" thrashing Napoleon at Waterloo and stopping the tyrant, in fact it was highly unlikely that Napoleon would succeed.
Napoleon acted with characteristic brilliance. He carefully formed armies and smaller corps to cover the various trouble spots. He had a choice between a protracted defence of France, or to go on the offensive and try to defeat his enemies in detail before they could join up against him. By taking the fight to them he hoped that significant military victories would force them to the peace table. It is important to understand that everything Napoleon now did was to try to turn military advantages into diplomatic victories. It was a huge gamble though. It had failed utterly in Russia where he won battle after battle but his enemy simply refused to negotiate. Now he was fighting an enemy that wanted to destroy him personally. Some of the Coalition, such as Blucher, hated him and wanted him dead. They would no more negotiate with him than the Allies in WW2 would have negotiated with Hitler. It was all or nothing for most of them.
Napoleon made his strategy more difficult to achieve by making some fateful decisions. Ones that would doom him. He appointed one of his greatest and most able Marhals Louis-Nicolas D'Avout as his Minister of War. This was because Davout was incredibly good in the role but more importantly was utterly loyal. He was the only Marshal to remain loyal to the Emperor. His upright character and stern discipline meant he was utterly reliable. He was the right man for the job, but his presence as a marshal in the Waterloo campaign could very well have changed the course of history. Davout was a supreme military commander, arguably as good as Napoleon at the tactical, operational and theatre levels. His army corp was always the most disciplined and well supplied of the French forces.
Had Davout commanded the field at Waterloo instead of Ney, there would have been no blunders with unsupported cavalry charges, nor would the infantry have been allowed to plod in so many of their attacks. If he had commanded at Quatre Bras instead of Ney, he would have understood why the battle was so important and the need for decisive action – something seemingly absent from Ney's rather slow actions of the day. It is one of the great might have been's that Napoleonic history buffs have discussed since then.
The other killer mistake for Napoleon was appointing Joseph Fouché as his Police Minister and de facto spymaster, and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord to Foreign Minister. Both were ruthless, brilliant and utterly self centred with no scruples. Both had betrayed masters before with promises that they were acting in the best interest of France. Frankly, to win the war against the Coalition Napoleon would have done rather well to have had them both imprisoned or shot. Fouche was, as always absolutely loyal to himself. He quickly made himself indispensible but Napoleon both mistrusted and somewhat feared him.
On the upside Napoleon had many of his veterans. He had some capable marshals, who if not of the calibre of Massena, Lannes or Berthier his much missed Chief of Staff, at least included the Bravest of the Brave Marshal Ney and the formidable Marshal Soult. The Marshals are a fascinating group that deserve a podcast series in their own right. I promise I will do some episodes on them as part of the members episodes I have planned. Some of them had amazing careers. Indeed if not for Napoleon, some of them would be historical super stars but with the Emperor present they were always outshone. Soult's position was especially interesting because rather than being given a corp or army command, he was appointed to the role of Chief of Staff. It was a role he was highly unsuited to, despite his strong performance in the Peninsular Wars. He was not tactically brilliant in the field like Napoleon or Massena but he was disciplined, courageous, a capable field commander, and a great organiser of armies. He had won a number of notable victories and had been instrumental in the Emperor's success at Jena. He had previously acted as a Chief of Staff in Spain. As an army commander he was highly respected by no lesser general than Wellington. In 1838 he represented Louis-Philippe at the coronation of Queen Victoria where he met his old adversary Wellington, who is said to have seized his arms and said "I have you at last", a tribute to his difficulties fighting the wily Marshal in Spain. Sadly, unlike Breathier, Soult struggled to translate Napoleon's high level instructions into concrete detailed orders. Poor staff work dogged the campaign. Where Berthier ran a disciplined, efficient staff at a cracking pace, Soult was more leisurely. Berthier would send 3 messengers with the same order to ensure it reached the intended recipient, whereas Soult would only send one. It was also remarked that Soult used low quality horses and officers for the staff, unlike Berthier.
It is unlikely that Berthier would have allowed the debacles of Grouchy or D'Erlon wandering aimlessly at crucial moments.
Marshal Ney was another interesting choice. In his prime before 1812 he had been a fierce fighter and an exceptional winner of battles. After 1812 and the epic retreat from Moscow where he earned the title "Bravest of the Brave" he was not quite the same fiery genius. Napoleon writing with some hindsight said of him [QUOTE] "Admirable for his bravery and stubbornness in retreats, he was good when it came to leading 10,000 men, but with a larger force he was a real fool. Always first under fire, he forgot about troops who were not under his immediate command" [END QUOTE]
When Napoleon marched north to confront the Coalition on 12th June, Marshal Ney went as a civilian and in disgrace having betrayed his Emperor then the Bourbons. He had been enticed by the Emperor to defect, and the troops cheered the decision of the beloved marshal to join the Emperor. Certainly it is likely that Napoleon had one eye on public opinion when he recalled Ney. Still he never really brought Ney back into the inner circle. Napoleon probably never forgave Ney for leading the marshals revolt that originally deposed the Emperor.
Ney was eventually summoned to join the Emperor on campaign. It was at short notice and Ney departed France with only 1 staff officer. Finally at a meeting with the Emperor on the road to Charleroi on the 15 June 1815, he was suddenly appointed to command of the 1st & 2nd Army Corp with 2 regiments of light cavalry of the Imperial Guard and 8 regiments of Kellerman's heavy cavalry. This gave him a command of 50,000 men and 72 guns. These figures would not stay constant as brigades and divisions were abruptly shifted to command area's as necessity dictated. It was a curiously spur of the moment appointment at a crucial moment in the campaign. Ney did not distinguish himself in terms of tactical or strategic ability on during the Waterloo campaign but his bravery was all that could be asked of a hero of France. Sadly, we will see it was an order of Ney's to D'Erlon that probably doomed Napoleon before Waterloo was even fought. In fairness to Ney, being given command of an army on the march on the eve of a critical battle is a hellish task. He would have had to find out where, on the confused roads of Belgium, his troops, officers and supplies were, meet his officers, take control of them and begin his planning. He had to do this with horse messengers and hand written notes. I think for all his faults, history is often unkind to Ney. He was placed in a very difficult situation and the sight of Ney at the end of Waterloo is a display of courage almost unequalled on either side.
The last of the Marshals was Grouchy. He was a brave cavalry leader who had impressed Napoleon at Wagram but had remained an overlooked general. His unexpected elevation to Marshal caused immense jealousy from his subordinates. Grouchy had never been good at getting the best from his officers and this appointment inflamed the hatred that Vandamme already had for his superior. Worse he had no experience of leading infantry or combined forces and his main achievements had always been under the command of the more capable Marshals like Davout or Lannes or when he was directly under the control of the Emperor.
The whole myth of the disciplined British against the brave, dashing but undisciplined French became a Victorian myth but one that perhaps contained a good deal of truth. Certainly there are accounts that suggest that most troops and junior officers were fanatically loyal to the Emperor. A good number were veterans or former POW's who were thirsty for revenge, many the victims of torture. The senior officers were more conflicted and many feared that the Emperors return meant France was destined for yet more wars. I'm not sure if they considered that actually committing wholeheartedly to Napoleon was the best chance for the French Republic to not just survive but thrive. The senior generals and marshals were in some ways disliked. They were seen as old and disloyal. Men who had owed everything to Napoleon yet had betrayed him. The return of Ney and Soult to the cause was welcome, but the army was not exactly a cohesive force. It has constantly been described by historians as being like a fine but brittle sword. It was the best army Napoleon had commanded since 1809 and was filled with veterans, but at the same time it didn't have the deep discipline and trust. It hadn't had much time to practise together to develop real bonds of trust between the men, and the essential small unit cohesion that helps troops know what their fellows are going to do without having to be told.
The French troops were principally unarmoured infantry. Most marched on foot, but there were regiments of dragoons that moved on horse and fought either on foot or mounted to give the benefits of cavalry and infantry. The typical French Infantryman was armed with a musket. Now I know that this might seem primitive compared to the highly accurate rifles and machine guns of later armies, but as historian John Elting wrote: [QUOTE] "In their own time they made and broke empires; they won, and nailed down, the independence of the USA. Together with the Roman short sword and the Mongol composite bow, they rank as the greatest man-killers of all-history." [QUOTE] As the musket was a smoothbore and loaded from the muzzle it was most accurate at up to around 50 yards but could still kill at up to 300 yards. The limitations of the musket were offset by its ability to fire quickly and perform robustly in the field. If well maintained it was extremely reliable, plus its weight and sturdiness meant it could be used in melee with a bayonet or as a heavy club. A blow from the butt of a musket could crush a man's skull. Most Napoleonic infantry carried the 'Charleville' musket (fusil d'infanterie) model 1777 (AN IX), with overall length 151.5 cm, (barrel length 114 cm), triangular bayonet 45.6 cm and a short saber. It fired a French musket ball of .69 calibre using a flint lock. So popular was it that it became the basis for numerous foreign imitations. The French version 1766 was so highly regarded it was the basis of the iconic American Springfield Musket 1795. Keep in mind that ammunition was cast to an approximate size, and there were no interchangable machine parts so standardise replacement parts weren't typically available, making repairs a matter for an experienced gun smith. Powder was variable and Napoleon would refuse to release gun power producers for active service as their work was too valuable.
The flintlock musket revolutionised warfare in comparison to the old matchlock muskets. To utilise it en mass though required mass volley fire to make up for the inaccuracies of the individual. This created a lethal kill zone at around the 50-150 yard mark but it required intense discipline. Debates ranged in military circles over the benefits of whether to fire in line or in column or in half column, whether a firing line of 3 ranks was better than 2. Napoleon and the French adapted many of the best practices from other nations and perfected them. There is a misconception that the French fought in large columns, but this is not true. The French adopted the 2 ranks formation at a tactical level at close range. At a larger level the various lines would often form variations on the Attack Column. The attack column is not the same as the long deep marching column. It was more a rectangle formed by the individual companies of soldiers than a solid mass of men marching in a deep mass as you might see on a parade ground or on the road. The columns were supported by screens of skirmishing troops that picked off enemy officers and covered the advance. A volley might be fired on the way in but it was much reduced from the fire power of the stationary line. Still troops in attack columns could manoeuvre quickly and still deliver a pushing amount of firepower followed by a brutal charge into melee. If the regiments in question were supremely disciplined they might deploy into longer firing lines at close range.
For Napoleon, the attack column was the principle formation of attack as it allowed the French to cross the lethal fire zone of the lines of musket armed conscript troops of most coalition nations, but the crucial element was that the attack was preceded by the great guns of the artillery that would focus on key points of the enemy line, and shock charges of the cavalry to help the attack columns push home their assault at a vulnerable point in the enemy line.
The actual formations varied throughout the Napoleonic wars. The highly trained French army of 1805 was able to adopt various attack columns formations and assault divisions that were beyond the abilities of the army of 1815. The versatile Ordre Mixte was a good example. It had a mass of skirmishers out front, with battalions in a long firing line behind. Behind these were the bulk of the division in attack columns, with elite grenadiers either in reserve or leading the attack. Supported by heavy guns and possibly massed heavy cavalry, these sophisticated formations could devastate most opposition lines. Unfortunately the French army of 1815 simply couldn't train well enough to adopt these more complex formations. Losses of high quality officers and NCO only exacerbated the problem. At Waterloo it is possible that General D'Erlon was reduced to forming his men into four large columns of various battalions. Unwieldy and unsupported, it was highly unsuitable for an assault on an uphill position against a well prepared and supported defensive line. As the French infantry abilities decayed, artillery was called on more and more to shake the enemy lines instead of skirmishers and infantry assaults as was previously the case.
The French also relied more and more on their fantastic cavalry regiments. Napoleon especially love the heavy cavalry. Big men, on big horses with full cuirasses and heavy straightswords. A well timed charge by the Cuirassiers could smash enemy lines or shatter enemy counter attacks. Napoleon greatly valued the heavy cavalry and was adapt with using them. He was careful that his Marshals and Generals ensured that the Heavy Cavalry didn't charge unsupported. The heavies went in under cover of an artillery barrage and usually with horse artillery. The two main occasions where French Heavy Cavalry made mass unsupported charges were at Eylau under Marshal Murat with astonishing success but then Murat is probably the finest cavalry commander who has ever lived and his timing was perfection. The second occasion was at Waterloo where Ney, then Napoleon essentially destroyed the French Cavalry in an epic blunder.
The French also used various light cavalry, dragoons and lancers. Lancers were especially feared as they could under the right conditions reach past the bayonet wall of an infantry square and spear the men. This tactic was especially lethal if the weather was too wet to fire muskets. Dragoons would sometimes find themselves burdened with carbines and bayonets, whilst some light infantry officers and dragoons would be given rifle carbines. Uniform patterns and issue varied widely depending on the time period, the whims of the local colonel, the vagaries of supplies and the interference of various re-organisations. Campaign clothing was often a world away from the formal regulation clothing worn on parade. The organisation of the Imperial Guard was kept separate and it acted in some ways as an independent army which drew higher and pay and was fed the best rations.
Napoleon constantly tinkered with the various units in his armies. He implemented the concept of the army corp system. Basically a corp was a collection of divisions that could function as an independent army. It was designed to be able to attack or defend against huge odds. In some ways the corp system was the key to Napoleon's early victories. Napoleon would increasingly be forced to give his corp commanders more and more operational freedom. He retained overall command and was responsible for the grand strategic use of the various core and for the various theatre strategies. Napoleon also maintained a large personal staff organisation that included interesting dress including some Mamelukes and Guides.
The combined discipline of the French army, the battlefield brilliance of the fighting marshals, and the genius of Napoleon in bringing the maximum force against a limited point of his enemies' lines and shattering them had allowed the French to become in 1805 the finest army in the world. The Emperor focused on fast movement, pinning attacks to the front whilst attacking the flanks and the rear and the ability to move his army corps in a dispersed fashion only to quickly converge at key points. Above all the Emperor was adaptable, expertly selecting the right tools and formations for whatever challenge was presented. He preferred the offensive campaign to allow him to deal early knockout blows against his enemies, overcoming the logistical shortcomings of the French field armies by winning the war before supplies became an issue. Too often the French army relied on the brilliant leadership of Napoleon and the Marshals, combined with the often insane bravery of its troops, to make up for serious organisational difficulties.
Another persistent issue for the French was lack of quality artillery, and woeful production facilities for muskets and ammunition. Training was also of increasingly low quality. This was contrasted with the Britain, where the beginnings of the industrial revolution and a world wide trading network meant that guns and ammunition were relatively plentiful for the period. The French often requisitioned older guns for costal defence and Napoleon focused obsessively on his artillery. He and senior officers had done a vast amount of work to standardise and improve the artillery to make it world class. It suffered dreadfully in Russia and never truly recovered. It seems clear on reflection that British Artillery, especially the Horse Artillery was of a consistently higher quality, but sometime less effective.
Between 1803 and 1807 the French armies were almost all veterans regarded as some of the finest in Europe. General Friant wrote that at Austerlitz [QUOTE] "No sooner had the 15th Legere and 33th Ligne arrived and deployed than they marched on the enemy, nothing could resist their attack, the 15th was directed at the bridge and chased a corps 10 times more numerous than they, penetrated Sokolnitz, intermingled with the Russians, slaughtering with the bayonet all that dared oppose them." [END QUOTE]
Deploying from march into battle formations in the face of the enemy is especially difficult, and to then go straight into an attack is an even more daring manoeuvre. Marshal Davout was both daring and disciplined enough to do it at corp level.
Fighting in the age of musket and sword was a grim and bloody business. Colonel Waller, (British 2nd Division) witnessed a French attack against Picton's "Fighting Division" in 1810 at Bussaco: [QUOTE] "At this moment were seen the heads of the several columns, three I think, in number and deploying into line with the most beautiful precision, celerity and gallantry. As they formed on the plateau, they were cannonaded from our position and the regiment of Portuguese… threw in some volleys of musketry into the enemy's columns in a flank direction, but the (Portugese) regiment was quickly driven into the position … the (French) columns advanced in despite of a tremendous fire of grape and musketry from our troops in position in the rocks, and overcoming all opposition although repeatedly charged by Lightburne's Brigade, or rather the whole of Picton's Div., they advanced and fairly drove the British right wing from the rocky part of this position." [QUOTE]
So many of those fine Frenchmen had died in the march out of Russia that the French Infantry of 1815 wasn't quite of the same calibre, but it was still very high quality and the Imperial Guard were feared across Europe. Now the Emperor was on the move and what a move. He would teach the coalition how the Master waged war. He had achieved the impossible by seizing the throne and assembling the armies. Now he moved so fast that the coalition still believed he was in France, when he was actually marching to divide the British and Prussians. His goal was to destroy the Prussians, then the British before they had time to react. He nearly succeeded.
Join me next time to find out about the famous British army of 1815 under the legendary Duke of Wellington. Before I go though, I hope you are getting a sense of how tough and brave and powerful the French Army under Napoleon really was. The French have been the butt of some appalling jokes, and US President Bush referred to them as "Cheese eating surrender monkeys" This is a gross slur on an extremely brave and hard fighting nation. The French under Napoleon routinely displayed incredible courage under fire, and conquered most of Europe. The repeated charges of the British squares by the French Heavy Cavalry alone was valour of the highest order, and the British respected them immensely for it. Throughout much of her history France was regarded as the pre-eminent military and social power in Europe.
Anyway, that's all for now.
Liked it? Take a second to support Age of Victoria on Patreon!
Categories:	TRANSCRIPTS
Tags: FranceFrench HistoryNapoleonNapoleonic Wars
Yosef	· 2017-10-05 at 15:18
The recording seems to cut off at ~30:35. It just ends abruptly at "Ney did not distinguish himself in terms of tactical or strategic ability on during the Waterloo campaign but his bravery was all that could be asked of a hero of France"
Your podcast's awesome, but could you upload the full audio file?
Age of Victoria	· 2017-10-06 at 13:05
Hi Yosef
Thanks for getting in touch. I'm really glad you are enjoying the show, and I gutted that this has happened. I always listen carefully to the finished file before I upload it. I don't know why the ending has been chopped off.
I am going to review the files this weekend and see what I can do to fix this.
Please accept my sincerest apologies!
TRANSCRIPT: EP014 DARKNESS FALLS: MT TAMBORA PT2
EP014 DARKNESS FALLS: MT TAMBORA PT2 The episode you are about to hear is part 2 on the eruption of Mt Tambora in 1815, and its immense effects around the world that lingered long into Read more…
TRANSCRIPT: EP013 THE VOLCANOES WRATH – THE YEAR WITHOUT SUMMER 1816
Setting the scene Imagine a tranquil pacific heaven. Sandy beaches, warm ocean and gentle breezes. This is in many ways as close to paradise as humans have come. Plenty of fish in the seas. It Read more…
TRANSCRIPT EP012Congress of Vienna in 1814 pt 2 "Turning back the clock"
Congress of Vienna in 1814. The show you are about to hear is part 2 of the Congress of Vienna. It won't make sense if you haven't listened to part 1. I know my shows Read more…
Support AGE OF VICTORIA PODCAST on Patreon!


text:
'It should be Beau we are introducing as President': Biden cries over his dead son as he and his family including Hunter leave Delaware for his D.C. inauguration
Mayor Bill de Blasio claims NYC will run out of COVID-19 vaccines in just TWO DAYS - even though only 52% of its supply has gone into peoples' arms
Ghislaine Maxwell's deposition detailing her sex life will be made public next week - BUT judge rules that any sordid details of 'private intimate contact' between consenting adults must be redacted
Hillary Clinton suggests Trump was 'talking to Putin on day of Capitol riot' and says she would 'love to see his phone records'
FBI arrests Capitol rioter, 22, accused of stealing Nancy Pelosi's laptop from her office to 'sell it to Russian spies' after she went on the run from her mom's house
Rioter who stormed the Capitol while dressed in tactical gear and is part of 'radical' Three Percenters militia is arrested after FBI raid his Colorado home
Tiger King star Joe Exotic's team ready a limo to pick him up from jail in anticipation of a Trump pardon
'People in wheelchairs are having great sex - better sex than a lot of people are having': Toronto to host massive 'world-first' orgy for disabled people
A theatre in the Canadian city will host the 125-person event in August
Ticket price includes interpreter for the deaf and hydraulic lifts
Organizer Stella Palikarova has spinal muscular atrophy
She was fed up with people assuming she had no libido
Co-organizer: 'A wheelchair can become just a big sex toy'
By Imogen Calderwood For Mailonline
Published: 09:04 EST, 8 June 2015 | Updated: 11:48 EST, 8 June 2015
An orgy for disabled people is poised for take-off in Toronto, and it has been described as bringing down 'the Berlin Wall of sex for people with disabilities'.
The event – which could well be a world-first – is a momentous occasion for its organizers and for thousands of members of the disabled community.
The 'Deliciously Disabled' sex night will be hosted in a theatre in the Canadian city, and the organizers are supplying everything necessary to make it an accessible night for everyone.
Scroll down for video
Orgy organizer: Andrew Morrison-Gurza, who has cerebral palsy, is one of the organizers of the Deliciously Disabled orgy that will be held in Toronto in August
Entrance costs $20 – but caretakers get in for free – and the ticket price covers everything from an interpreter for the deaf to hydraulic lifts.
The Masquerade ball-themed event, which is open to both disabled and able-bodied people, has a 125-person capacity with space for 20 wheelchairs.
Andrew Morrison-Gurza, the creator of Deliciously Disabled, who has cerebral palsy, told MailOnline: 'When we talk about disability and sexuality in the same breath (if at all), we often discuss only the obstacles and fail to see the opportunities.
'We don't have a language that celebrates sex and disability, and Deliciously Disabled hopes to do just that.
Top British diplomat in Bali had sleazy phone sex with... Would you plump up your vagina with fillers? Top cosmetic... Female teacher who was wrongly imprisoned for TWO YEARS for... A millionaire who was 'hopeless' at school, a feminist who...
'We want to give people with disabilities the opportunity to be at the forefront of a sex positive party (something that we never see), but also introduce people who do not experience disability to all its deliciousness! This event is working to ensure that disability and sexuality is accessible to everyone.'
'The reaction has been overwhelmingly supportive. People are indeed curious, simply due to the fact that an event like this is unique, and that we as a society haven't been introduced to sex and disability in a positive light.
'Naturally, there have been criticisms from some individuals who have yet to understand and grasp the importance of an event such as this.
'There will always be criticisms for that which people don't understand.
Stella Palikarova, a 35-year-old disability awareness consultant with spinal muscular atrophy, is another mastermind behind the momentous event.
She was driven to come up with the idea after she grew fed up with people assuming there is something wrong with her libido just because she's in a wheelchair.
'The naysayers are just subconsciously hating the fact that people in wheelchairs are having great sex – better sex than a lot of people are having,' she told the Toronto Sun.
'By making this party accessible, we are saying openly that people with disabilities are sexual beings… and not only in more conventional ways.
Sex scene: Toronto, where the disabled orgy will be held in August, at the same time as the city is hosting the Parapan Am Games (file photo)
'This should not be shocking. It should be celebrated.
'But…no progress is ever made without controversy.'
The sex night will be held on August 14 at the Buddies in Bad Times theatre – when the city will also be hosting the Parapan Am Games.
Accessible orgy a go for disabled | Strobel | Toronto & GTA | News | Toronto Sun
Toronto to host massive 'world-first' orgy for disabled people
Nicola Sturgeon extends Scottish lockdown until mid February
Queues at Heathrow airport for rapid coronavirus test
Johnson hails vaccine success as more groups start getting jabs
Ben Affleck looks gaunt as he's seen for this first time since split with Ana de Armas to grab coffee ... after poster of actress was thrown in the garbage can
Retired tennis player Caroline Wozniacki shows off her incredible figure in a plunging black swimsuit as she holidays in the Bahamas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm an Army veteran with 23 years in service. I graduated with a bachelor's degree in finance 9 months ago. I have applied for jobs in the finance field left and right. I sometimes get an e-mail saying that they decided to choose someone else. Or, sometimes, I don't get a response at all. I recently redid my resume. I'm 51 years old. I need to try to find something soon. And, you think that a veteran like myself would get at least some preferential treatment over non-veterans. What on earth is going on?
Have you tried working for a contractor like a shipyard? Idk where you live but perhaps there is a company that developes aircraft or other military equipment. Most of them will hire you over non-veterans since you are probably more familiar with the rules when it comes to quotes, parts and pricing. Just a thought. Good luck!
After years of my family trying to get me to move out of NY I'm finally thinking of doing it. However i cant make any kind of move unless i know i can get a job and how much i can get paid doing it. Ive send my resume with a cover letter asking if someone could tell me how much i could make down there and not one person has reached out. Im an automotive bookkeeper for 20yrs. Unfortunately its considered a specialty and other bookkeeper positions usually dont consider it 'real' bookkeeping so they normally want to start you out as if you have no experience. (Atleaat here in NY) how else can i find out what i could make down there.
If you haven't already, go to the top of the page and click on Jobs & Companies. You can easily search for jobs in the Dallas area there.
Diane Gagne It may be that your resume is not saved in the proper format. Message me and I'll try to help you.
After nearly ten years, I was laid off from my job. The transition out was fine, but now the job hunt begins. I have nearly 10 years doing one thing, being a payroll manager. I want a career change and at 45, Im finding company's are wanting a unique skill set with 'x' amount of years with experience. Tough road ahead for me?
Join LinkedIn. They have many jobs posted for interns right now.
What should I do for get my foot in Transamerica Financial, get a training and gain a new experience?
I'm wondering the same please?
It's been almost two months now that I got laid off. I worked for a bookkeeper for almost 19 years, short of two months! It was extremely shocking for me. I felt like part of the family for so long. My feelings have been up in the Air every since. I am hurt beyond recognition and feel that saying out with the old in with the new could have been one of the major causes for my dismissal. Decrease in office staff was the reasoning, and even though it slowed down, it was unfair to get rid of me. I was always on time, worked the hardest of most, and still got booted. Finding a job with good pay AND BENIFITS ARE HARD IN A SMALL TOWN. I am 59 and struggling to find a good job.
Hi Cheryl Arey I am so sorry to hear this! I know it can be tough and quite a shock. The important thing is you are going to move on. What type of work are you seeking?
If you're interested in working from home here are a few positions I can recommend!
• Convergys - Full and part-time job opportunities with benefits and a Veteran Family program for eligible employees. Click HERE to learn more and apply.
• Concentrix - Customer Support Services offered via Virtual Call Center. Click HERE for more details and application information.
• Sykes - Employees receive paid training, health benefits, monthly bonus incentives, and career advancement opportunities. Click HERE to search for jobs and apply today.
• TeleTech - Offers many customer service jobs at call centers across the U.S., the company also hires at-home workers. Click HERE to search for job openings and application information.
• KellyConnect - technical and customer support jobs. Click HERE to search for job openings.
• TTech - Customer Service phone support. Click HERE for more details.
• Conduent - Customer Service Representatives (Technical Support) - jobs available in a limited number of US states. Click HERE for more details.
• Working Solutions - Click HERE for more information.
• Language Solutions - Interpreter services in a variety of languages. Click HERE for more job details and application information.
Wishing you the best in your job search!


text:
Kremlin Claims That United States is Preparing Invasion
This could be one of the most incredibly bizarre claims out of the Kremlin in years…and that's saying something.
In what could only be described as the third weirdest news of the day, the Russian government is sounding the alarm on a possible American invasion.
Of course, we have President Trump in Vietnam this week, meeting with diminutive despot Kim Jong Un regarding the denuclearization of the North Korean nation, and a reunification of the whole Korea. This in and of itself is absolutely extraordinary, given the six-plus decades in which North Korea's only real interaction with the United States was nuclear saber rattling and amateurish propaganda.
Then, without a doubt, we have Michael Cohen testifying before Congress today, after having been convicted of lying under oath, regarding President Trump's alleged coziness with Russia – a popular democratic conspiracy theory.
Now, the Kremlin is unleashing a little conspiracy theory of their own…this time about purported and upcoming US intervention in Venezuela.
Russian Security Council secretary Nikolai Patrushev claims the US is amassing troops near the Venezuelan border ahead of a military operation in the south American country.
US forces have been deployed to "overthrow the lawfully elected incumbent president [of Venezuela] Nicolas Maduro", he said.
The US has called on Maduro, president since 2013 after succeeding the late Hugo Chávez, to stand down after claiming his 2018 snap election win was marred by vote-rigging.
Maduro's reign has been tainted by a near-complete collapse of the socialist nation's economy.
Not only are Venezuelans suffering from incredibly egregious rates of inflation, but their currency has been so diluted that many are being forced to eat their pets, as well as stray dogs and cats as well.
Related Topics:FeaturedkremlinmilitaryrussiasocialismUSAVenezuela
ICYMI: New Liberal Hate Hoax Uncovered, Makes Smollett Seem Like An Amateur
Ultra-Violent Texas Murders Definitively Linked to Mexican Cartels
Wire15 mins ago
Philadelphia Train Passengers Who Stood by and Watched Alleged Rape Will Not Be Charged
Facebook Twitter Gettr Gab A group of passengers stood by and watched while a man allegedly raped a helpless woman...


I've always been a fan of the lazy Sunday. Lounging in my sweats, drinking cup after cup of coffee, reading the Sunday Styles and tuning into my DVR are my kind of heaven. But lately, Sundays have become...stressful. Instead of catching up on the few shows I might have missed during the week, I find myself faced with the anxiety of somehow attempting to manage all of the shows that take place on Sundays.
But as excited as I am for Girls, there are a few other shows on Sunday that I'm looking forward to. Namely, um, all of my favorite shows! There's Game of Thrones, Mad Men, Shahs of Sunset, GCB, and come next Sunday, Veep. Is it just me, or is that far too much good TV all piled into one night? How am I supposed to come into the office on Monday and gush over power couple Don and Megan, attempt to deconstruct the happenings on Game of Thrones and reenact scenes from Shahs with my coworkers? C'mon, TV networks, let's sprinkle these gems around!
Is anyone else feeling the Sunday TV stress? What are your favorite Sunday shows?
Wanna See a Picture of Brad and Angelina's Engagement Ring?
Which Group of TV Besties Reminds You of Your Friends?


Active members of the military and those who've left the service who receive care through Veteran Health Administration hospitals will be able to view all their personal medical data through the Health Records feature on their iPhones. Apple and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs made the announcement on Monday.
Starting this summer, vets will be able to view an integrated snapshot of records from such providers pertaining to allergies, immunizations, vitals, test results, medications, procedures, conditions, and so on. The data is encrypted.
Following a visit to a VA health care facility, the participating vet's Apple device will automatically receive updated health record information within 24 hours.
The Health app on the iPhone isn't new, nor is the Health Records feature within the app where the data will be stored. It was updated last year to make it simpler for patients to chase down records from disparate medical providers, and keep them in one convenient repository. The feature itself is still technically in beta.
Among the growing list of more than 200 providers in the program are institutions such as Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles, Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Stanford Health Care in Palo Alto, Calif., NYU Langone Health in New York, and Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp are also participants.
The latest announcement brings the VA hospitals into the fold.
To add health data from the VA, vets will sign in with their military credentials inside the Health App, just as people seeking records from other medical providers sign in with the credentials used to access the various institution's respective patient portals. An Apple ID is never used.


text:
Home Local News Mush Hole archaeology revealing much
Mush Hole archaeology revealing much
Local News Jim Windle • August 9, 2017 • Views 270 • Comments off Share
Each little red flag indicates where an artifact was unearthed at the Mohawk Institute front lawn in the Phase 2 test holes. Of 500 test holes dug, there have been 437 finds. Photo by Jim Windle
BRANTFORD – Work has begun after a community group of Residential School Survivors and their families successfully lobbied and received funding and approval for a five acre, quiet and culturally sensitive memorial park on the grounds of the former Mohawk Institute grounds.
Although mandatory archaeological surveys are required in Ontario before a new area is opened for development, federally owned land does not require such a provision. And since federal Canada assumes ownership of reserve lands, a survey was not legally required before the preparations for the park were to begin.
Artifacts uncovered at the former Mohawk Institute represent hundreds if not thousands of years of continuous occupation by successive Native peoples. But most are from the early 1800s and into the 1940s and '50s. Submitted Photo
But Paula Whitlow, curator of the Woodland Cultural Museum, which is overseeing the work, insisted that it be done. She called President of the Ontario Archaeological Society Paul Racher to talk to him about doing the survey. Racher's archaeological firm also did the survey on the downtown YMCA project.
"His company was kind enough to choose us as a community project," says Whitlow. "He put a call out for volunteers to work on weekends and had no trouble finding a crew.
The work began about four weeks ago.
According to Whitlow, if the same intensity of an archaeological survey were done across the street, an Archaeological Survey would have to be done before any plans were made for any area of development. It would also cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
"I requested that a survey be done, because I think it's important that the archaeological record be made," says Whitlow.
"This will be the first former residential school to ever undergo an archaeological survey," she says. "In the end, we hope to have surveyed the full 10-acres of the institute land with an archaeological master plan. We are going to be able to identify out buildings and anything else we might uncover that is relevant to the site, which can help us in any possible future development. We will know where the sensitive parts are and aren't."
Archaeological evidence of former times is popping up everywhere. Of the 500 test holes dug about 10 meters apart on the front lawn of the institute, more than 437 of these holes have offered up some kind of artifact dated back as far as 1832, from the location of the old Mechanics School, the precursor to the Mohawk Institute. Brant's Mohawk Village was there for before that and there has also been evidence of much older occupations that go back hundreds if not thousands of years.
One thing the extensive surveying of the apple orchard grounds will reveal, one way or the other, will be the longstanding rumours and legends of infant burials. It as been said that school staff would bury the remains of the aborted baby's of impregnated girls taken from older students in the third floor infirmary and buried at night under the apple trees.
The removal of the tree stumps to make way for the Survivors Memorial Park is being done with great care with archaeologists and a Six Nations monitor present.
To date there has been no human remains found, however, there is a lot more excavating that needs to be done which may or may not reveal anything.
There is a standard four-phase process in doing an archaeological survey. The first phase is one of simply walking the grounds looking for surface artifacts churned up by frost and thawing every year or by farming.
A phase two is where test probes are put down to see if any artifacts are found.
A phase three is the larger square pits carefully excavated with trowels and brushes every so often apart.
"That is where we are today," says Whitlow. "Should evidence of something significant, like a longhouse, for instance, were discovered, or an abundance of relative artifacts, a phase four would be needed which would be a full excavation of the entire five acres set aside for the park."
A progress report was made to the stakeholders recently, which included representation from the Mohawk Survivors Memorial Park, the Ontario Archaeological society, Six Nations Elected Council and others. HDI has been made abreast as well.
"Thankfully we are all on the same page that we want to preserve all the evidence below ground as well as above ground," says Whitlow.
Whitlow recalls that when they did a partial survey, when Kanata Village was being built in the late 1980s, that archaeologists took some of their excavations fairly deep.
"Joseph Brant's house has not been located yet," she says. "But earlier surveys have mapped the location of several cabins and other buildings."
As for the "Save the Evidence" project at the Mush Hole (Mohawk Institute) building itself, phase two of the interior restorations of the former school is about to begin and Whitlow is expecting more finds when the walls are opened up for rewiring and plumbing.
Past renovations have revealed little treasures squirrelled away by successive years of lonely and afraid children separated from their families, their language and their beliefs. Names written in pencil and messages to one another written in their "secret places" are likely to be discovered as restorations continue.
Work on both projects continues. Archaeological Monitors from Six Nations Elected Council, HDI, and Mississaugas of the New Credit Council are overseeing the work.
0080: Each little red flag indicates where an artifact was unearthed at the Mohawk Institute front lawn in the Phase 2 test holes. Of 500 test holes dug, there have been 437 finds. Photo by Jim Windle


We've partnered to host a free admissions class, just for you.
Learn the 5 qualities that are irresitible to top medical schools.
You will assess your chances of getting into your target schools and whether your candidacy - including your GPA, MCAT, letters of recommendation, exposure to medicine, research, and personal abilities - is good enough to get you in where you want to go.
You will leave this seminar with five key strategies to help you stand out in the application process.
Sure, we all can make a list of the factors that go into a medical school's decision, but why do med schools want these things?
Which are most important? What are the other factors med schools consider?
Come to this seminar to discover what medical schools really want and why. Discover the underlying considerations that medical school admissions officers use to evaluate applicants so that you can see your own application more clearly.
"Incredibly helpful. Rob went above and beyond in this online seminar; stayed for longer than he needed to to do a Q and A. Anybody who's confused or is just looking for some information on applying should absolutely look into this and their blog!"
"The seminars are suppose to be one hour long, but tend to last another 30 minutes due to the sheer volume of information Rob stuffs in. And trust me, in those 90 minutes, you not only gain a huge wealth of information about medical school applications ..."


Omusubi are often called rice balls in English. The word comes from a Japanese verb meaning "to take hold [of something] with one's hands."
There are so many little gifts that we are given here in NYC. I mean here in the middle of Gotham we find this little hole in the wall that serves the best rice balls in the world. Yet, this little hole in the wall is very stylish...in their words, "stylish space where contemporary Western sensibilities and Japanese aesthetics are gracefully blended." I would have to concur with their take. Nice small wooden tables made for two, which can be pushed together to make a table for four. Note: this is a small space and parties of 10 are not going to fit well here. No, this is more of a hit and run type of location, but with much more class than your typical dive.
I was accompanied by my boss. Needless to say, my boss and I both attended grad school together but never knew one another there. Funny, I have worked for my boss for some time and this is the first time we have ever sat to eat food together...can we say this was our first time breaking bread? I suppose I could. In any case, the reason I'm writing about this is because I have noticed that here in NYC we don't really enjoy our meals or the people we are sitting with. Serious...think about it (I do enjoy them with General Lee, but he gets me too drunk off wine to recall stories to blog about). In any case, I was pleasently surprised at how much fun I had sitting with my boss. She tends to be high pace and always thinking two steps ahead which is great in the work environment, but sometimes the mind doesn't slow down for good conversation, not that it's not there, just the pace of one person to the next can vary and her pace throws my timing off. In any case, my boss was really cool to have lunch with. She just got married and was happy to give me bits of information on how happy she was, how she loved seeing her parents still in love and wishes the same for herself some 30 years later, how her husband is understanding to her travel, and the books she likes to read. I just found the conversation refreshing because so much of our time is consumed inside the building and that is who I know her as...which doesn't do her justice. What I found really interesting is that my boss was able to slow down at lunch and enjoy and relax and change gears so quickly. I have to practice this on the poker table because it takes me too long to get into high gear and back to low...kind of like a semi-truck.
Oh, back to the food at Omslb. These little riceballs or cakes come in all sizes, shapes and colors. Everyone has a distinct taste to it which I found really neat given that every riceball has a nice size portion of rice. There are about 30 diff. choices one has on the daily and they are in constant rotation, which means next time you show they won't have the one you tried previous. My favorite of these little morsels which are all priced under $2.00 dollars per piece is, Shrimp Pop Corn. It's a staple there and one which I have seen every visit. Try it and I'm sure you will enjoy.
Although I put soy sauce on some of my rice balls I would argue not to do so. Yes, I'm the person that never listened to that song, "so don't drown your food...in mustard, mayonase or gew." But I think the flavors can carry themselves without this staple of Asian sauces.
They also have teas and so forth which you can try...but I'm a soda man...thus, a coke will do for me. The lunch special includes a miso soup along with three pieces for about 7.00 dollars which is a great deal!!!
I would highly recommend this place to anyone in the area or someone just looking for something new and exciting. My mind is all over the place now for I have some work to do. I took the General there the other day and he thought it was o.k. He didn't seem too crazy about the place, but I think he found it to be interesting and a place he would revisit.
In closing, may all your meals me tasty and my they taste like mom's home cooking.
No this isn't something about those damn annoying emails one gets, this is a food blog and with that said this is about food.
I mentioned that I grew up around people that loved to cook. My family takes emense pride in anything they put on the table, even if it's something like Spam. I always found it odd how people despised Spam when I loved it so much. Not to mention that it was always in plenty supply growing up. I just found that gewy stuff that surrounds it to be....well neat. I once heard that Spam is the best selling food on the reservations of America.
In some ways I feel that you can determine someone's economic upbringing by how many different dishes they could make with spam. For instance, in my house there was always Spam with eggs early morning with a side of beans...ummmm!!! Then there was Spam sandwiches for lunch...you know, some cooked Spam with manoyase between two ends of a loaf of bread. Some would call that ghetto fabulous...myself, I call it good grub. So there were all these dishes that one could make with Spam (many of which I have tried)...you should try a few of these yourself.
To be honest, growing up I didn't even know that Spam was a poor man's food. Serious, it wasn't until college that people laughed at the fact that I loved imitation meat so much. I don't know about you, but sometimes college can be a setback in many ways. Myself, I'm still a promoter of the stuff and one day I will make the Austin, Texas - Annual Spam Fest...this I promise.
Not sure why Spam came to mind. Maybe because I was writing about family and food...Spam was one of the first dishes I learned to make back home.
In closing, many of you haven't even tried Spam or are too much of the petty-bourguise to taste the stuff. I say, "don't be such a dork" and roll up those sleeves and let that stuff fall out of the can with that suction noise that only Spam can provide when coming out of the can...good eats and I give it two thumbs up.


The Mob Museum announces FREE admission for Nevada residents and buy-one, get-one admission for non-residents, sponsored by Zappos, to celebrate Kefauver Day, which commemorates the Kefauver Committee hearing that took place in the Museum's courthouse in 1950. To allow guests additional time to experience the Museum, it will offer extended operating hours, remaining open until 10 p.m. on that night only. I took the kids last year and we had a blast. It was so interesting and a great learning experience!
Named after Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee, the Kefauver Committee hearings held in 14 U.S. cities in 1950 and 1951 were pivotal in the national fight against organized crime, as well as events that influenced the development of Las Vegas.


text:
Barbara Pravi
On n'enferme pas les oiseaux (LP)
180g Black Vinyl | Standard Edition | 1 LP
Barbara Pravi shined while performing her song "Voilà" during the 2021 Eurovision song contest in Rotterdam. Second in the ranking, she achieved the best French result in this competition for over 30 years. A singer-songwriter, Barbara Pravi has long written for others, including Yannick Noah, Julie Zenatti, Chimène Badi and Jaden Smith, and has also written songs for Carla (Bim Bam Toi) and Valentina (J'imagine), but this time it is herself that she is bringing to light.
"Voilà" now exceeds +35 million streams worldwide and is topping the charts in several European countries. To continue her soaring flight, Barbara has unveiled a further two tracks, "Le jour se lève", and " l'homme et l'oiseau ", which together form a sublime video trilogy that invites us into the world of this poetic artist. The story continues with her first album "On n'enferme pas les oiseaux".
Side 1:
l'homme et l'oiseau
Saute
Je l'aime, je l'aime, je l'aime
Mes maladroits
Prière pour rester belle


text:
Rodney Harrison
Harrison with the Patriots in 2006
(1972-12-15) December 15, 1972 (age 48)
Markham, Illinois, U.S.
Chicago Heights (IL) Marian
1994 / Round: 5 / Pick: 145
San Diego Chargers (1994–2002)
New England Patriots (2003–2008)
Career highlights and awards
2× Super Bowl champion (XXXVIII, XXXIX)
2× Pro Bowl (1998, 2001)
3× First team All-Pro (1998, 2001, 2003)
Second team All-Pro (2004)
San Diego Chargers 50th Anniversary Team
New England Patriots 50th Anniversary Team
New England Patriots All-2000s Team
New England Patriots Hall of Fame
Tackles:
Sacks:
Interceptions:
Forced fumbles:
Player stats at PFR
Rodney Scott Harrison (born December 15, 1972) is a former American football safety and sports analyst who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons with the San Diego Chargers and New England Patriots. He was selected by the Chargers in the fifth round of the 1994 NFL Draft where he spent nine seasons. After being released by San Diego, Harrison was a member of the Patriots in his following six seasons until his 2009 retirement. Since leaving the NFL, he has served as a commentator for NBC's Football Night in America.
During his career, Harrison was selected to two Pro Bowls and received first-team All-Pro honors three times. He holds the record for sacks by a defensive back at 30.5 and is the first NFL player to obtain 30 sacks and 30 interceptions. Harrison participated in four Super Bowls, winning two with the Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVIII and Super Bowl XXXIX. In recognition of his accomplishments in San Diego and New England, he was named to the 50th Anniversary Teams of both the Chargers and Patriots. He was also inducted to the Patriots Hall of Fame in 2019.
1 Early years
2 College career
3.1 San Diego Chargers
3.2 New England Patriots
3.2.1 2003
3.2.3 2005–2008
3.3 Retirement
3.4 Reputation
3.5 Accomplishments and records
4 NFL career statistics
4.1 Regular season
Harrison went to high school at Marian Catholic High School in Chicago Heights, Illinois. In March 2006, Marian Catholic retired Harrison's No. 37 jersey,[1] although Harrison never actually wore No. 37 while in high school. His varsity numbers were No. 26 as a sophomore, No. 11 as a junior and No. 3 as a senior.[citation needed] He graduated from high school in 1991.
College career
Harrison played college football at Western Illinois University from 1991 to 1993. He is the school's record-holder for tackles in a career (345) and tackles in a game (28). As a freshman, Harrison was a second-team All-Gateway Football Conference before being named a first-team All-Gateway pick as a sophomore and junior. The Associated Press also named him a second-team All-American as a sophomore and a first-team All-American as a junior.
Harrison was drafted in the fifth round of the 1994 draft, (145th overall) by the San Diego Chargers, the same year they made their only Super Bowl (XXIX) to date, which they lost to the San Francisco 49ers. Harrison became a starting member of the Chargers' 1996 defense, going to two Pro Bowls with the Chargers in 1998 and 2001. He set then-career highs with the Chargers in 2000 with 127 tackles and six interceptions; in 2002 he started 13 games and recorded 88 tackles in his final season with the Chargers.
Following the 2002 season, on February 27, 2003, Harrison was released by the Chargers. Two weeks later, on March 13, Harrison landed with the Patriots, signing a six-year deal. At the time, the Patriots had both Harrison and fellow Pro Bowl safety Lawyer Milloy under contract. Throughout the offseason, though, the Patriots and Milloy were involved in contract negotiations, with the Patriots requesting Milloy take a pay cut or be released. Milloy did not comply, and on September 2, he was released.
Prior to the 2003 season, Harrison was named a defensive captain in his first year with the Patriots by the coaching staff after Lawyer Milloy was released.
On January 10, 2004 in the divisional playoff game against the Tennessee Titans, he intercepted Steve McNair, which set up Antowain Smith's touchdown, as New England would hold on for a 17–14 win. In the AFC Championship Game the next week against the Indianapolis Colts, Harrison intercepted Peyton Manning in the end zone and forced a Marvin Harrison fumble, recovered by teammate Tyrone Poole. Harrison then went on to help the New England Patriots win their second title in three years, against the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII, 32–29. He fractured his right arm late in the game, but a Tom Brady-led drive and Adam Vinatieri field goal secured the Patriots' victory. In his 10th year in the league, Harrison earned his first Super Bowl ring.
Harrison was also named to the Associated Press' All-Pro team following a 140-tackle (a 2003 NFL best for a defensive back) and three-sack season in which he started all 16 regular season games.
The 2004 season produced a similar performance. Harrison helped New England's defense finish second in the NFL in scoring for 2004. For the second straight season, Harrison's 138 tackles led all defensive backs in the NFL. Harrison also started all sixteen regular season games for the sixth time in his career, holding together a Patriots secondary that was without Ty Law and Tyrone Poole for the majority of the season.
In the Patriots' divisional playoff game against the Colts, Harrison intercepted Peyton Manning late in the game to end the Colts' last chance. The next week in the AFC Championship, Harrison jumped a Ben Roethlisberger pass and took it 87 yards for a touchdown, helping the Patriots defeat the Pittsburgh Steelers, 41–27. During the week leading up to the Super Bowl, Harrison got into a verbal feud with Philadelphia Eagles receiver Freddie Mitchell after Mitchell claimed he "had something for Harrison" and did not know the names of the New England secondary.[2] Harrison, in Super Bowl XXXIX, would record seven tackles, a sack, and two interceptions of quarterback Donovan McNabb, despite missing almost an entire quarter due to an injury sustained during the game. The second interception, with ten seconds remaining in the game, preserved a 24–21 Patriot win, ensuring a third championship in four years.
The 2005 season began a string of multiple injuries for the 12th-year safety, with Harrison's season coming to an end on September 25 against the Pittsburgh Steelers, when he was hit in the knee by a falling Cedrick Wilson and tore the anterior cruciate, medial collateral, and posterior cruciate ligaments in his left knee. Harrison was subsequently placed on the injured reserve list, ending his season.
Slightly over 10 months after his season-ending injury, Harrison returned to Patriots' practice for the first time on August 7, 2006.[3] After sporadic playing time in the preseason, Harrison started the first seven of the Patriots' games in 2006, totaling 23 tackles and one sack. However, while making a tackle on Marvin Harrison against the Colts on November 5, Rodney Harrison injured his right shoulder and missed the next six weeks of the season. He returned to the Patriots in week 16, but his season was ended the following week in Tennessee after a low block from Bobby Wade injured his right knee.
Harrison was suspended for the first four games of the 2007 regular season for admitting to federal investigators that he knowingly obtained and used human growth hormone (HGH).[4] Harrison stated to the media that he used "a banned substance" for "accelerating the healing process from injuries [he] sustained playing football," and "never to gain a competitive edge."[5] In addition, according to federal agents and Harrison himself, Harrison received a shipment of HGH, with his name on it, just days before Super Bowl XXXVIII in February 2004.[6] Later, he expressed regret over his decision to use the substance calling it "a black cloud over my career." "I played 15 years and that doesn't feel good. That's embarrassing...It wasn't smart. I put a foreign substance in my body and don't know the long-term effects," he said on Football Night in America.[7]
In Super Bowl XLII, which concluded the 2007 season, Rodney Harrison was the player whom David Tyree made his famous Helmet Catch over, leading the New York Giants to victory 17–14 and handing the Patriots their first loss of the year, preventing a perfect season. In the play, a long forward third down pass by Eli Manning over midfield, Harrison was both attempting to block reception and tackle at the same time. Interestingly, Harrison was able to disengage one of Tyree's hands from the ball, but not both.
Harrison's 2008 season ended early when, in an October 20 game against the Denver Broncos, Harrison tore his right quadriceps femoris muscle on a play, was carted off the field, and placed on injured reserve.[8]
Harrison (right) along with colleagues Dan Patrick and Tony Dungy at an NFL game in Denver in September 2013
On June 3, 2009, Harrison announced his retirement from football to become an analyst for NBC Sports' Football Night in America.[9] Patriots head coach Bill Belichick soon after called Harrison one of the best players he had ever coached.[10]
Harrison was voted the "dirtiest player" in the NFL by his peers according to a 2004 poll conducted by Sports Illustrated. In 2006, Harrison once again topped the "dirtiest player" voting by 361 other NFL players.[11] In 2008, NFL coaches awarded the title to Harrison in an anonymous poll conducted by ESPN.[12] He has also been fined and suspended multiple times, and as of 2002, had racked up over $200,000 in fines by the NFL. A notable suspension occurred in 2002 after a helmet-to-helmet hit on the Oakland Raiders' Jerry Rice.
Accomplishments and records
In 1997, he became first player in NFL history to score touchdowns on an interception return, fumble return and kickoff return in same season.
He has the most sacks (30.5) of any defensive back in NFL history.
All Time leader in Career Super Bowl Tackles (33)
He had four interceptions in three games in the 2004-05 playoffs.
His seven playoff interceptions (including one returned for a touchdown) are a Patriots team record.
He is one of 12 players in the history of the NFL to record at least 20 interceptions and 20 sacks in his career, for which he is well regarded. The other members of this small club are linebackers Tom Jackson, Seth Joyner, Brian Urlacher, Wilber Marshall, William Thomas, Donnie Edwards, London Fletcher and Ray Lewis, safeties Charles Woodson, LeRoy Butler, Brian Dawkins, Lawyer Milloy and Adrian Wilson, and cornerback Ronde Barber.
On October 21, 2007, he became the initial member of the 30/30 Club of players with both 30 interceptions and 30 sacks. He is joined by Baltimore Ravens linebacker Ray Lewis.
Rodney Harrison has been voted by the fans as the 29th person to be inducted into the Patriots Hall of Fame.
NFL career statistics
Won the Super Bowl
Bold Career high
15 3 0 3 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 25 21 4 0.0 0 0 0 5 22 4 17 0 5
16 124 104 20 1.0 1 1 0 5 56 11 29 0 13
16 131 95 36 4.0 1 2 0 2 75 38 75 1 8
16 113 87 26 4.0 1 0 0 3 42 14 21 0 11
6 41 30 11 1.0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8
13 86 67 19 2.0 2 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 7
16 126 92 34 3.0 1 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 11
16 138 94 44 3.0 3 0 0 2 12 6 12 0 8
3 15 11 4 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
^ "M Legends". Marian Catholic High School. March 26, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
^ Shapiro, Leonard (January 31, 2005). "Patriots Have a Name for Eagles' Mitchell: 'Jerk'". Washington Post. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
^ Reiss, Mike (August 7, 2006). "Harrison too". Boston.com Reiss' Pieces. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
^ "Pats' Harrison to be suspended 4 games for alleged HGH violation". ESPN.com. September 2, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
^ "Harrison statement". Boston Herald.com The Point After Blog. August 31, 2007. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
^ "Harrison report". ESPN.com. September 20, 2007. Retrieved September 17, 2007.
^ Marchman, Tim (December 28, 2015). "Rodney Harrison: HGH Will Make You Rich And Famous And Kids Shouldn't Use It". Deadspin. New York: Gizmodo Media Group. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
^ Reiss, Mike (October 22, 2008). "Spann promoted". Boston.com Reiss' Pieces. Retrieved October 22, 2008.
^ Reiss, Mike (June 3, 2009). "Highlights from Harrison". Boston.com Reiss' Pieces. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
^ Reiss, Mike (June 3, 2009). "Kraft & Belichick on Rodney Harrison". Boston.com Reiss' Pieces. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
^ "Pats' Harrison can't wash hands of dirtiest player label". ESPN.com. October 19, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2007.
^ Sando, Mike (July 1, 2008). "Coaches validate Harrison's rep as NFL's dirtiest player". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
^ "Rodney Harrison Stats". ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rodney Harrison.
New England Patriots bio


text:
package jlss.javajson;

/**
 * A JSON Array
 * @author John McCrae
 */
public interface JSONArray extends JSON {
    /**
     * Returns true if there are more elements in the array
     */
    boolean hasNext();
    /**
     * Get the next object in the array.
     * @throws NoSuchElementException If there is no next element
     */
    JSON next();
    /**
     * Read the Json Element completely and convert it to a Java Type recursively
     */
    java.util.Collection<Object> toObject();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Meow Meow meets Martini | March 15, 2019 | Palo Alto Weekly | Palo Alto Online |
Arts & Entertainment - March 15, 2019
Meow Meow meets Martini
Chamber-pop bandleader Thomas Lauderdale teams up with chanteuse Meow Meow for Stanford cabaret
by Yoshi Kato
As founder of the 25-year-old chamber-pop ensemble Pink Martini, pianist and arranger Thomas Lauderdale has performed with some charismatic personalities, including the band's own lead singers, China Forbes and Storm Large, as well as Michael Feinstein, Chavela Vargas and the late Phyllis Diller. But he's currently gaga for Meow Meow, a.k.a. Melissa Madden Gray, the multi-lingual Australian vocalist, actress and performer whom he'll accompany for a pair of cabaret-like shows on Wednesday, March 20, at the intimate Bing Studio on the Stanford University campus.
"I think about all the shows I've ever done, the ones with Meow Meow are the most memorable," Lauderdale told the Weekly. "I mean, I love Pink Martini. I love the band and I love what we do. But these shows with Meow Meow are so special. I believe in them so much."
Meow Meow's brand of audience immersion and interaction earns Lauderdale's praise. He's no stranger to crowd participation, he notes, as Pink Martini will bring patrons on stage to sing non-English lyrics with Forbes or dance among the instrumentalists during its concerts.
"But with Meow Meow I've seen crowd surfing in Palm Desert, for example, where everybody in the audience was over 70," the Portland, Oregon, resident reported. "They were literally lifting this woman up into the sky and passing her back through the auditorium! She also does this at symphony shows when she plays with orchestras.
"One can't imagine that in the first place and that it would work so well," he continued. "Her shows are so delightful and side-splitting and transforming."
The pair first met when he was asked to accompany her in 2005 for Portland Institute for Contemporary Art's annual TBA Festival. Their personalities and aesthetics clicked immediately: "We discovered we have compatible interests where we each show the other fantastic things that we both appreciate," he said.
She, in turn, has also gigged and recorded with Pink Martini. "We just did our annual New Year's shows at Disney Hall, and she closed out that show. Again, I've never seen people laugh so uproariously," he said.
"Los Angeles can be cynical at times, you know. And she just undoes it," he continued. "The most straightest sort of people or the most conservative can't help themselves in the end."
Wednesday's show will offer a preview of the duo's long-in-the-works debut album, "Hotel Amour," which will be released two days later and boasts both originals and repertoire from various eras.
"Writing songs with her is just miraculous, because I love her lyrics," he added. "I love the way she uses the English language, which I think is a really tough language to write songs in. And her French lyrics are exquisite."
As is the case on Pink Martini albums, "Hotel Amour" features some very special guests. Barry Humphries, better known to most as Dame Edna, doubles the Australian vocal content on "Mausi, s
This story contains 479 words.
Freelance writer Yoshi Kato can be emailed at yoshiyoungblood@earthlink.net.


View 7, a core-alignment splicer with the world's highest fiber image magnification rate, is the most powerful and innovative fusion splicer in the market. View 7's 5 inch high-resolution color LCD touch screen with user-friendly intuitive GUI (Graphic User Interface) offers large and clear fiber images to users. By double-tapping the screen, users can zoom in & out the image to the world's highest magnification of 520x. View 7 offers maximum work efficiency through the fast heating time of 13s and the ultra-high battery capacity of 355 splice/heat cycles. Moreover, the 3 LED lights provide bright splice condition to the users working under dark environments.


This headpiece is absolutely gorgeous, how stunning would you look at your function in this amazing hand blocked/sculpted parasisal fascinator.
Made in a deep, rich red, a lovely red brooch, several curled black ostrich feather, and painted twisty sticks.
Not is this piece dripping with loveliness, it is super lightweight and well balanced, so easy to wear.


Rely on us for timely delivery as we are assisted with up-to-date transit facilities and logistics services. We keep the finished assortment of products in highly developed and spacious space. This helps us in keeping products secure and sorted. Our eminent grade Stainless Steel Round Bars are available in various diameters ranging from 2mm to 400mm.


text:
Saraki corrupt, his investigation not personal – Magu
Kennedy Emeka Ukaga Reply Wednesday, May 15, 2019 A+ A-
http://www.hrlnews.com/2019/05/saraki-corrupt-his-investigation-not.html
Mr Ibrahim Magu, Acting Chairman, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), on Tuesday said the ongoing investigation of the President of the Senate, Dr Bukola Saraki, is not personal.
Magu stressed that contrary to allegations that Saraki was being witch hunted, his investigation was no different from others as the EFCC only "invite people who have committed crime, people who are corrupt".
He said this while receiving award for Outstanding Leadership in Public Service by Euro Knowledge Group.
The Euro Group Award is a highest recognition for individual achievement and is awarded annually.
The award acknowledges and celebrates exemplary leaders that have made significant contribution and positive impact in their specific industry.
"No, no, it's not personal. I am not after anybody.
"Please, I don't want you to personalise this. It is not different from other investigations we are doing," he said.
When asked to comment on the statement by Saraki that he was being witch-hunted, Magu said "never.
"You invite people who have committed crime, people who are corrupt.
"If you are not corrupt, you are not here.
"We do our homework very well: sometimes we conduct preliminary investigations for up to six months and such persons won't even know we are investigating them," Magu said.
He described corruption as "a national disaster and mother of all evils.
"If you remove disaster (corruption), you have a peaceful country."
He said banditry, Boko Haram nuisance and other crimes were "caused by corruption and sustained by corruption.
"It is been funded by stolen and laundered funds, that's why it is being sustained."
The acting chairman, however, said that if corruption was tackled, banditry and kidnappings would be sorted out.
He called on Nigerians and stakeholders to take ownership of the fight against corruption, saying that it was not a job for one individual alone.
Magu, expressed gratitude for the award saying it would spur him to do more in the fight against corruption.
Mrs Olayinka Fayomi, Chairman, Foreign Investment Network (FIN), who presented the award on behalf of Euro Knowledge, said the award was in recognition of those who had impacted the economy.
"It is also in recognition of those who have impacted the system from which ever sector they are operating from, and the EFCC is one of them.
"Ever since the period Magu had been acting, there has been a tremendous improvement in the fight against corruption," she said.
She said that with the award, Magu had become one of the African Change Agents.
The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that Saraki had recently come under pressure from the anti-graft agency.
The EFCC had confirmed reports that it had opened a fresh investigation into Saraki's stewardship as President of the Senate as well as a probe of his earnings as governor of Kwara from 2003 to 2011.
Tony Orilade, acting spokesman, EFCC, said in a statement that EFCC was obligated by law to enthrone probity and accountability in the governance space and had supremely pursued this duty without ill-will or malice against anyone.
"It is in the interest of the public and for Saraki's personal good that he is not only above board, but be seen at all times to be so.
"Indeed, all the instances in which the EFCC have had cause to sleuth into his financial activities either as a former governor or President of the Senate were driven by overarching public interest and due process of the law,'' he said.
In his reaction, Saraki insisted that the action of the EFCC was a witch-hunt.
"Our attention has been drawn to the fact that the EFCC has marked certain property belonging to President of the Senate, Dr Abubakar Bukola Saraki, obviously under the claim that they are subject of investigation.
"The action of the EFCC only reinforced our earlier stated position that their current investigation is mischievous, contrary to the tenets of the rule of law and only aimed at settling scores.
"The EFCC's move to investigate him is a mere witch-hunt exercise, aimed at settling scores, laced with malicious and partisan motives," Saraki's Media Adviser, Mr Yusuph Olaniyonu, said in a statement.
NEWS, POLITICS
POLITICS 4905062028511769524


Our restaurant, filled to the brim with the best Turkish cuisine has to offer , provides catering services to those who wants taste Turkish palate delicacies in parties or business gatherings.
We prepare our menus according to your wishes for birthday parties or any important gatherings.
Thanks to our master chefs and rock solid standards regarding the hygene, our meals turn out to be indispensable in your meetings.


Regular class price is currently £7. Beginners must complete a foundation period of 12 weeks befoire applying to join the school.
Unique guided walks around Gower in South Wales with a friendly experienced guide.
If you have any difficulties in contacting any of them please contact me.


text:
Married Wiki
Trending :Joanna Gaines || Kamala Harris || Pat Sajak || Elizabeth Warren || Nicole Curtis ||
Home Biography Lindsay Lohan
Lindsay Lohan Biography
Updated On 24 Mar, 2019 Published On 14 Jan, 2015
Facts of Lindsay Lohan
Birth Country :
Birth Sign :
Lindsay Dee Lohan or Lindsay Morgan Lohan
$500 Million USD
Mat Nordgren
Relationship short Statistics of Lindsay Lohan
What is Lindsay Lohan marital status ? ( married,single, in relation or divorce):
How many children does Lindsay Lohan have ? (name):
Is Lindsay Lohan having any relationship affair ?:
Yes19 affair
Is Lindsay Lohan Lesbian ?
19 Affair
Lindsay Lohan is an American actress, singer, and model who gained her fame in the early age. She had debut in modelling when she was three as a child fashion model when she was three and debut in acting from the soap opera called Another World at the age of 10. She starred in Disney's remake of the movie The Parent Trap when she was 11. Her performance were positively acclaimed that gave her door to more of the movies. She is the eldest child in her family and has three younger siblings who are also actors or models.
Lindsay Lohan's Personal Life
Lohan started dating actor Wilmer Valderrama in 2004. After breaking up with Lohan she wrote about her relationship and experience in her second single "Over".
Between 2008 and 2009, she dated DJ Samantha Ronson. Later, she came closer to London based Russian millionaire Egor Tarabasov, owner of the real estate agency Home House Estates. The couple broke up in 2017 and she accused Egor of abusing her. On the other hand, he accused Lohan of stealing £24,000 worth of his belongings.
Lindsay Lohan's Net worth
She is worth about $800,000 as of 2019.
Lindsay Lohan's Wiki-Bio
Lindsay Dee Lohan was born on 2 July 1986 in New York City.
She performed in the MTV reality series Lindsay Lohan's Beach Club in 2019.
Lindsay Lohan Affairs
First Affair with Damien Fahey
He is a radio DJ, television host, former MTV VJ, comedian and a drummer. They were in relationship for few months and they got separated as they seem it was an infatuation.
Second Affair with Wilmer Valderrama
He is an American actor, singer, dancer, producer and a television personality. The two had a very brief time of relationship.
Third Affair with Harry Judd
He is an English musician. The two met while she was in verge of her music career. The two dated for a very short stint.
Fourth Affair with Chris Pine
He is an American film and television actor. The two were together in a relationship for a very short time and they broke up.
Fifth Affair with Jamie Burke
He is a retired Major League Baseball catcher. The two were in relationship for a very short time.
Sixth Affair with Brandon Davis
He is an American actor. The two were together in relationship for some while and they broke up.
Seventh Affair with Harry Morton
They were in relationship for few months and they got separated as they seem it was an infatuation.
Eighth Affair with Robbie Williams
He is a singer and a song writer. The two had dated for few months but later they got separated.
Nineth Affair with Calum Best
He is a former fashion model and now a reality television personality. The two had dated for a very brief stint of time.
10 Affair with Riley Giles
They broke up after being together for short time. However, there were more rumors from him about having wild sex and stuffs with her.
10 Affair with Courtenay Semel
She is an actress. The two were in relationship for few months. The relationship followed the sexuality on her both.
10 Affair with Samantha Ronson
She is an English singer, songwriter and a disco jockey. The two were in relationship for some time. There was more concern on their sexuality.
10 Affair with Seth Rogen
He is a Canadian actor, director, screen writer and a producer. The two were in relationship for a while.
10 Affair with Jason Segel
He is an American actor, screen writer and a comedian. The two were in relationship for brief time as it was supposed to be infatuation they broke up.
10 Affair with Oscar Lusth
He is an American reality television show contestant. The two dated for a while and they broke up.
10 Affair with Philipp Plein
He is a German fashion designer. The to had dated for a short while and they broke up afterwards.
10 Affair with Voodoo
The two were seen together for a short while and were believed to be in relationship. However, they broke up later.
10 Affair with Max George
He is a football player. They got into relationship for a brief time followed by their break up.
10 Affair with Matt Nordgren
He is an American television star. The two started dating shortly after they met but the relationship did not last too long.
© Copyright Married Wiki