text:
The Minor Gesture
by Erin ManningErin Manning
In this wide-ranging and probing book Erin Manning extends her previous inquiries into the politics of movement to the concept of the minor gesture. The minor gesture, although it may pass almost unperceived, transforms the field of relations. More than a chance variation, less than a volition, it requires rethinking common assumptions about human agency and political action. To embrace the minor gesture's power to fashion relations, its capacity to open new modes of experience and manners of expression, is to challenge the ways in which the neurotypical image of the human devalues alternative ways of being moved by and moving through the world—in particular what Manning terms "autistic perception." Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari's schizoanalysis and Whitehead's speculative pragmatism, Manning's far-reaching analyses range from fashion to depression to the writings of autistics, in each case affirming the neurodiversity of the minor and the alternative politics it gestures toward.
Thought in the Act
Erin Manning is University Research Chair in Relational Art and Philosophy in the Faculty of Fine Arts at Concordia University. She is the author of several books, including Always More Than One: Individuation's Dance, also published by Duke University Press.
By Erin Manning
Copyright © 2016 Duke University Press
AGAINST METHOD
Some of the major disasters of mankind have been produced by the narrowness of men with a good methodology. — Alfred North Whitehead, The Function of Reason
The question of inter- and transdisciplinarity has recently opened up in academic circles to what we in Canada call "research-creation." Research-creation, also called "art-based research," was adopted into academic language through the very question of methodology. Starting out as a funding category that would enable artists teaching in universities who didn't have PhDs to apply for large academic grants, the apparition of research-creation as a category was more instrumental than inventive. For weren't artists already involved in research? Wasn't art practice always engaged in forms of inquiry? Wasn't it a mode of knowledge in its own right? The issue was not, it seems to me, one of simply acknowledging that artists were also researchers, but an institutional tweaking of that already-existent research category into modes of knowledge more easily recognized by the academic institution. To be an artist-researcher would now mean to be able to organize the delineations between art practice and research methodology for the purposes of a grant that would then, inasmuch as grants ordinarily function this way, orient the research toward "academic" aims.
The issue here is complex. It touches not only on the question of how art itself activates and constitutes new forms of knowledge in its own right but, perhaps most importantly, incites us to inquire into the very question of how practices produce knowledge, and whether those forms of knowledge can engagingly be captured within the strictures of methodological ordering. While I believe that this is a question that could be posed to all forms of knowledge (following philosophers like Henri Bergson, William James, and Alfred North Whitehead, who all, in their own ways, inquire into the methodological frameworks of science, psychology, and philosophy), here I will focus strictly on the question of research-creation and its relationship to what Moten and Harney call "study," emphasizing researchcreation's inherent transversality.
Unlike the definition used by Canadian funding agencies and propagated in many of our institutions, which sees the research component as extra to the artistic practice, thereby emphasizing what has come to be known as the theory-practice split, I would like to take seriously that research-creation in its hyphenation of research with creation proposes singular forms of knowledge which may not be intelligible within current understandings of what knowledge might look like. Taking as my inspiration the myriad colleagues and students whose work has moved me to rethink how knowledge is crafted, and taking also my own practice as a starting point, I would like to suggest that research-creation does much more than what the funding agencies had in store for it: it generates new forms of experience; it tremulously stages an encounter for disparate practices, giving them a conduit for collective expression; it hesitantly acknowledges that normative modes of inquiry and containment often are incapable of assessing its value; it generates forms of knowledge that are extralinguistic; it creates operative strategies for a mobile positioning that take these new forms of knowledge into account; it proposes concrete assemblages for rethinking the very question of what is at stake in pedagogy, in practice, and in collective experimentation. And, in so doing, it creates an opening for what Moten and Harney conceptualize as the undercommons: it creates the conditions for new ways of encountering study — forms and forces of intellectuality that cut across normative accounts of what it means to know.
New forms of knowledge require new forms of evaluation, and even more so, new ways of valuing the work we do. In the case of research-creation, which inevitably involves a transversal engagement with different disciplines, this incites a rethinking of how artistic practice reopens the question of what these disciplines — anthropology, philosophy, art history, cinema, communications, biology, physics, engineering — can do. Here, my focus will be on philosophy, which has a history of launching its speculative apparatus in relation to artistic practice. How, I will ask, can the rethinking of how knowledge is created in the context of artistic practice become an opening to thinking philosophy itself as a practice of research-creation? How, following Gilles Deleuze, might a resituating of research-creation as a practice that thinks provide us with the vocabulary to take seriously that "philosophical theory is itself a practice, just as much as its object? It is no more abstract than its object. It is a practice of concepts, and we must judge it in light of the other practices with which it interferes" (1989: 280, translation modified)?
To make this move requires orienting the concept of art toward the transversality of study, thereby tuning making toward a practice of incipient thought. This involves a rethinking of the concept of thought itself. To follow through with this proposition, it will be necessary, as I do in chapter 2, to turn to the medieval definition of art — defined as "the way," "the manner" — locating art not at the level of the finished object, but in its trajectory. As regards thought, it will be necessary to reorient it to the relational field of the occasion, refraining from delimiting it to predominant notions of intellectuality which tend to place thought squarely within the linguistic limits of intelligibility. Staging a critique of neurotypicality as begun in the introduction, it will also be necessary to undo thought of its dependence on the human subject. This will mean opening thought toward the movement of thought, engaging it at the immanent limit, where it is still fully in the act.
Four propositions to begin:
1. If "art" is understood as a "way" it is not yet about an object, about a form, or content.
2. Making is a thinking in its own right, and conceptualization a practice in its own right.
3. Research-creation is not about objects. It is a mode of activity that is at its most interesting when it is constitutive of new processes. This can only happen if its potential is tapped in advance of its alignments with existing disciplinary methods and institutional structures (this includes creative capital).
4. New processes will likely create new forms of knowledge that may have no means of evaluation within current disciplinary models.
IMMANENT CRITIQUE 1 — ON MATTER
In Modes of Thought, Whitehead protests what he calls "the bifurcation of nature" (1938: 30). The tendency to separate out the concept of matter from its perception or to make a constitutive difference between "nature apprehended in awareness and the nature which is the cause of awareness" leads to a splintering of experience (1938: 30). What emerges is an account of experience that separates out the human subject from the ecologies of encounter: "The problem is to discuss the relations inter se of things known, abstracted from the bare fact that they are known" (1938: 30). To posit two systems — one "within the mind" and one "without the mind" — is a methodological posture still very much alive in the critical apparatus of the disciplinary model. What we know is what can be abstracted from experience into a system of understanding that is decipherable precisely because its operations are muted by their having been taken out of their operational context. Whitehead explains: "The reason why the bifurcation of nature is always creeping back into scientific philosophy is the extreme difficulty of exhibiting the perceived redness and warmth of the fire in one system of relations with the agitated molecules of carbon and oxygen, with the radiant energy from them, and with the various functionings of the material body. Unless we produce the all-embracing relations, we are faced with a bifurcated nature; namely, warmth and redness on one side, and molecules, electrons and ether on the other side" (1938: 32). The unquantifiable within experience can only be taken into account if we begin with a mode of inquiry that refutes initial categorization. Positing the terms of the account before the exploration of what the account can do only results in stultifying its potential and relegating it to that which already fits within preexisting schemata of knowledge. Instead of holding knowledge to what can already be ascertained (and measured), we must, as William James suggests, find ways to account not only for the terms of the analysis, but for all that transversally weaves between them. James calls this "radical empiricism."
Radical empiricism begins in the midst, in the mess of relations not yet organized into terms such as "subject" and "object." In this mess, everything that happens is real, be it the redness of the fire or its molecular makeup. James calls this field of relations "pure experience," pure understood not in the sense of "purity" but in the sense of immanent to actual relations. Pure experience is on the cusp of the virtual and the actual: in the experiential register of the not-quite-yet. It is of experience in the sense that it affectively contributes to how experience settles into what comes to be. As with Deleuze's actual-virtual distinction, pure experience is the in-folding of potential that keeps actual experience open to its more-than. The virtual is never the opposite of the actual — it is how the actual resonates beyond the limits of its actualization. In this relational field of emergent experience, there is no preestablished hierarchy, nor is there a preconstituted subject-position external to the event. There are only emergent relations. James writes: "Nothing shall be admitted as fact ... except what can be experienced at some definite time by some experient; and for every feature of fact ever so experienced, a definite place must be found somewhere in the final system of reality. In other words: Everything real must be experienceable somewhere, and every kind of thing experienced must somewhere be real" (1996: 160).
To reorient toward the radically empirical is to profoundly challenge the knower-known relation as it is customarily defined. Neither the knower nor the known can be situated in advance of the occasion's coming to be — both are immanent to the field's composition. Nor can the knower-known relation be classified independently of the ecologies that compose it, including those whose register is unquantifiable, such as the quality or affective tonality of experience. Like Deleuze's insistence that the virtual, while not actual, is real, radical empiricism emphasizes that experience is made up of more than what actually takes form. Experience is alive with the more-than, the more-than as real as anything else directly experienced.
James calls the in-act of experience "something doing" (1996: 161). When something does, new relational fields are forming, and with them, new modes of existence. A new mode of existence brings with it modalities of knowledge. These modalities of knowledge are not yet circumscribed — they are transversal to the modes of operation active in the relational field. They are still in-act. This is the force of radical empiricism: it gives us a technique to work with the in-act at the heart of experience, providing subtle ways of composing with the shifting relations between knower and known. It is important to reiterate: the knower is not the human subject, but the way relations open themselves toward systems of subjectification.
Similar to Whitehead's notion of the "superject" — which emphasizes that the occasion of experience is itself what proposes its knower-known relations, resulting in a subject that is the subject of the experience rather than a subject external to the experience — radical empiricism refutes the notion that experience is constituted before all else of human relations. In Whitehead's terms: "An actual entity is at once the subject experiencing and the superject of its experiences" (1978: 43). An occasion of experience produces the means by which it will eventually define itself as this or that. It is an occasion of experience, not the human subject external to that experience, that creates the conditions for subjectivity, a subjectivity that can never be disentangled from how the event came to fruition. A radically empirical approach takes this as its starting point, giving us the means to consider how relations themselves field experience.
To engage the field of relation as an ecology where knowledge occurs, to place knowledge outside the register of existing knower-known relations, allows us to consider the importance of what escapes that register. The ineffable felt experience of the more-than is also a kind of thinking, a kind of knowledge in the making, and it changes experience. That it cannot be systematized or hierarchized does not make it less important to the realization of the event. This is the force of radical empiricism: it propels us into the midst, opening the way for an account of study that embraces the value of what must remain ineffable.
IMMANENT CRITIQUE 2 — ON REASON
The question of knowledge — of its role in experience, of its value, and of its accountability — is, in our philosophical age, still a question of reason. Despite decades of engagement in transdisciplinary thought, disciplines still tend to order knowledge according to specific understandings of what constitute proper methods, policing these methods through long-standing systems of peer and institutional review. Disciplines also tend, in too many cases, to suggest that interdisciplinary research and especially transversal modes of thought are by nature weak because of their inability to secure robust methodologies that prove that knowledge was indeed formally attained. Method, here, is aligned to a making-reasonable of experience. At its worst, it is a static organization of preformed categories. At its best, it is an inquiry into the formation of categories that will, in the future, stand in as organizational strategies for academic thought.
Method's alignment to reason is about setting into place hierarchies of relevance whose work it is to include that which is seen to advance knowledge. The problem is that in this activity of assuming in advance that we know what constitutes knowledge, there is a danger of not hearing the voices that, as Amelia Baggs might say, lurk beneath the words. These excluded voices include that which makes language tremble, the voice of knowledges not yet parsed for the academic establishment. I think here of the call of indigenous philosophy (as story, as performance, as practice) as proposed by thinkers such as Leanne Simpson, Audra Simpson, Peter Kulchyski and others, the call of autistics and other disability activists who invite us to hear what has been silenced by neurotypicality, such as Baggs, Tito Mukhopadhyay, DJ Savarese, Melanie Yergeau and others, especially those whose nonspeaking voices are rarely included in what we understand as knowledge-formation, the call of artists whose work moves us toward aesthetico-political issues within drawing firm territorial lines, despite the political urgency their work addresses, such as Cecilia Vicuña, Elisapee Ishulutaq, Mona Hatoum, and others, and the call of scholars who seek to listen and write across the uneasy resonances of knowledges in the making. It's not that these voices are never heard. It's that what they make palpable, what they make heard, unmoors the very edifice on which method is built. They unsettle thought and, in so doing, question the place reason still plays within the methods that direct our belief in what constitutes knowledge.
In working as an apparatus of capture, method gives reason its place in the sun: it diagnoses, it situates, it organizes, and ultimately it surveys and judges. Methods, we hear, are ever-changing, and this is surely the case. But any ordering agenda that organizes from without is still active in the exclusion of processes too unintelligible within current understandings of knowledge to be recognized, let alone studied or valued. Despite its best intentions, method works as the safeguard against the ineffable: if something cannot be categorized, it cannot be made to account for itself and is cast aside as irrelevant. The consequences are many: knowledge tends to be relegated to the sphere of "conscious knowledge," backgrounding the wealth of the relational field of experience in-forming; the force of change that animates a process is deadened; the uneasiness that destabilizes thinking is backgrounded or effaced completely.
(Continues...)
Excerpted from The Minor Gesture by Erin Manning. Copyright © 2016 Duke University Press. Excerpted by permission of Duke University Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Preface ix
Introduction: In a Minor Key 1
1. Against Method 26
2. Artfulness: Emergent Collectives and Processes of Individuation 46
3. Weather Patterns, or How Minor Gestures Entertain the Environment 64
4. Dress Becomes Body: Fashioning the Force of Form 86
5. Choreographing the Political 111
6. Carrying the Feeling 131
7. In the Act: The Shape of Precarity 165
8. What a Body Can Do: A Conversation with Arno Boehler 189
Postscript: Affirmation without Credit 201
In the Break: The Aesthetics of the Black Radical Tradition - Fred Moten
"I have been enthralled and held by this book! Erin Manning has given us a new theory of bearing, as well as a new elaboration of gesture, going beyond Balzac's theory and Agamben's interpretation of it. She doesn't lament the loss of gesture but celebrates gesture's minoritization."
"How can we voice the unsayable, unsettle the categorical, reach for that which lies beyond conceptualization? How can we enter that midstream of movement, becoming, and differentiation that courses between the banks of the given, yet from which all perceiving, doing, and thinking wells? In this passionate book Erin Manning answers: by heeding the wisdom of those whom the majority call 'autistic.' From their experience she derives a vocabulary—of attention, inflection, directionality, incipience, sympathy, and the undercommons—that carries forth the impetus of life in the minor key. This is a book for scholars, for activists, indeed for anyone in love with life."
"Manning emphasizes a kind of affect that brings to the fore a feeling of being a part of a larger environment, something relational, something that helps people to see themselves as part of something bigger."
Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory - Karen Simecek
"The Minor Gesture is a fascinating and intellectually challenging book that successfully problematises common-sense (neurotypical) understandings of perception, action and embodiment. In doing so it politicises mundane everyday experience and calls for sustained critique of normatively framed lifeworlds."
Disability & Society - Ben Simmons
"A wide-ranging and carefully argued book. . . . Now that we know just how much mental activity escapes our conscious awareness and defies standard and dialectical accounts of knowledge, reason, and agency, efforts like Manning's to better understand neurodiversity and to mobilize that understanding for research-creation and political activism alike are invaluable."
Contemporary Political Theory - Eugene W. Holland


text:
Q: MySQL query conditional return using TRIM() I am trying to SELECT from a table, but I need to trim from leading and trailing string for comparison. For example,
My table/data is very simple
CREATE TABLE `lcr` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `prefix` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
  `digits` varchar(45) DEFAULT NULL,
  `price` decimal(20,4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

mysql> select * from lcr;
+----+--------+--------+--------+
| id | prefix | digits | price  |
+----+--------+--------+--------+
|  1 | 1122   | 92300  | 0.0198 |
+----+--------+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

I am running the following select
SELECT * FROM `lcr` WHERE `digits` IN ((SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '112292300'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '11229230'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '1122923'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '112292'))))

which trims the leading 1122 from digits, and gives a positive match. But when I run the query
SELECT * FROM `lcr` WHERE `digits` IN ((SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92300'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '9230'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '923'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92'))))

I also get a positive match. Because Trim is actually not doing anything and in my table, digits are 92300.
Is there a way we can use some sort of condition or if function or something like that which should only return the result if prefix+trim = actual data passed?
I may not be much expressive asking my question here, so apologize for that and let me know if there is any info required to answer my question.
Thanks.

A: I am reading between the lines a bit, based on the table name 'lcr', which I assume has to do with the "least cost routing" of telephone traffic.  Having been a telephone engineer prior to becoming a DBA, the question is interesting to me on a couple of levels.
What you have not actually stated -- but I am assuming -- based on portions of your question where you were using shorter and shorter patterns -- is that the query could result in more than one match, depending on the combinations of digits seen... but to you, there is one "ideal" choice for any input value.
Which choice that is depends on how you've filled your data.  I've seen tables of prefixes where the rule was that you always wanted to route on the longest, most-specific match (maximum number of digits matched) because the table only included more-specific entries when the rates were better at specific deeper levels in the hierarchy.
On the other hand, if you have all possible routes and rates in your table, then you would want to go with any valid match, as long as all of the digits matched, but you would want to prioritize by cost, because a longer digit-pattern-match would not, necessarily, mean a lower cost in that case.
Illustration:
query prefix digits
 513    5      1      this is a match, but it is not the most specific match
 513    5      13     this is a match, and is more specific match than '5+1'
 513    5      130    not a match for the input query '513', because not every '513X' has X = 0 -- too specific

In the example above, if the query were actually '5130' then 5 + 130 would also be a valid match.
The logical expression for this is condition seems relatively straightforward:
WHERE LEFT(my_query,LENGTH(CONCAT(prefix,digits))) = CONCAT(prefix,digits)

That is, given the length n of the combined string of prefix plus digits, the leftmost n digits of the input query need to match, exactly, the string prefix+digits, and prefix+digits must be the same length as the original query, or shorter.
This would match all combinations in the table where the leftmost digits of the input query were identical to the combination of (prefix,digits) without going over.
If you wanted the longest match, that would mean adding this...
ORDER BY LENGTH(CONCAT(prefix,digits)) DESC

Or, if you wanted the lowest-cost match, that would mean adding this...
ORDER BY price ASC

...finally we presumably only care about the first (longest, or cheapest) result, which means adding this...
LIMIT 1;

So, from the logical perspective, those three lines together become the WHERE that matches, the ORDER BY that returns the best match first (using one or the other ORDER but not both), and the LIMIT that relieves the DBMS of having to provide you with more rows than will actually be useful.
Unfortunately, from a database perspective, this is not going to be a well-performing query if your data is of any significant size.  In fact, as a DBA, this is the sort of query that would give me nightmares, because every time the query is run, it is going to tend toward using a full table scan, "Using temporary, Using filesort" ... with no indexes being useful for resolving the query.
Consider the contrast between these two logically-equivalent expressions.  Assuming you had an index on (some_column), which was a DATETIME:
WHERE DATE(some_column) = '2013-11-19';                           # terrible performance
WHERE some_column >= '2013-11-19' AND some_colummn < '2013-11-20'; # excellent performace

The first query is terrible, because the server has to evaluate DATE() against that column in each row, for every row in the table, and return the ones that evaluated to the constant literal '2013-11-19'.
The second is excellent, since the server can simply scan the index range between 2013-11-19 00:00:00 inclusive and 2013-11-20 exclusive and voilà the index returns exactly the matching rows.
There is no analog for this with your current structure.  The only logically-valid expression that I can come up with that returns the precise result you need... is not sargable at all.
But if my assumptions are correct about the logic, so far, then you might consider how well the query performs against the full data set to see if you need to optimize it further.  It might be that the data set is small enough that you could use the MEMORY storage engine or that your server has enough memory and this table has enough traffic that it would stay resident in the buffer pool or cache, that it just might work.
If not, consider another, also seemingly-unorthodox, but very practical addition to the query.
If the shortest possible prefix that could ever match is 1 digit, you could add this to the where clause:
AND prefix LIKE CONCAT(LEFT(my_query,1),'%')

Or two digits...
AND prefix LIKE CONCAT(LEFT(my_query,2),'%')

Or three...
You may be thinking "that will match too many prefixes."  Yes, it will... but, if there is an index on the (prefix) column, then the optimizer should, at least sometimes, choose to go to the index to find only the rows with a prefix that "could possibly" match, and then apply the rest of the logic (above) to narrow down the precise match.  This means the "full table scan" is reducible to what might be a significantly smaller subset of the table, and since the AND conditions must all be true, using this should be more optimum than not.
In fact, as long as the integer you use as the second argument to LEFT() is the same as the length as the shortest prefix in the table, it will still work, because a wildcard will also "match" nothing at all.
mysql> select 'foo' like 'foo%';
+-------------------+
| 'foo' like 'foo%' |
+-------------------+
|                 1 |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

If you are looking for the lowest-cost valid match, then I would also add an index on (price), because the optimizer could choose to scan the table in order by ascending price, evaluating the other expressions against each row it encounters, and stopping after the first match, because that would satisfy the ORDER BY and the LIMIT 1.
You should test with various inputs, using EXPLAIN SELECT to see the query plan, because the plan will vary based on the table data as well as the input query, since the optimizer can make different decisions on a per-query basis depending on which approach it believes will allow it to do the least amount of work while still arriving at the same, correct answer.
In all of the exmaples, I have used the identifier 'my_query' as a placeholder for the input value.  This might be a variable like @my_query or program variable like my_query  in a stored procedure or function, or a position placeholder ? in a prepared statement, or the just literal value you're trying to match.
Hope this helps.

A: Try this
SELECT * FROM `lcr`
WHERE `digits` Like '1122%'
  AND `digits` IN (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '112292300')

A: @michael-sqlbot Must say, that was a very nice and detailed reply. Appreciate that. However we have been doing quite a few things to run the LCR setup properly.
Come back to my question, the answer was rather much simpler.
SELECT * FROM `lcr` WHERE `digits` IN ((SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92300'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '9230'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '923'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92'))))

Since we need to match against the PREFIX + DIGITS, so the solution was actually to use a CONCAT (prefix, digits) which fixed the query :)
SELECT * FROM `lcr` WHERE CONCAT (`prefix`, `digits`) IN ((SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92300'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '9230'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '923'))), (SELECT (TRIM(LEADING '1122' FROM '92'))))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In a perfect Monday-morning error, I managed to just get the edge of a curb with my car and put a scratch on it. The scratch is about three inches long, pretty deep, and on the rocker panel right in front of the wheel well. Where it is, it's difficult to see unless you kneel down, since it's on the part of the panel that starts to curve under the car. Unfortunately, there's metal involved, so clearly it needs to be fixed. No problem there. My issue is choosing how to repair it.
Edited to add - it's a 2015 Mazda 3 with 58 000 km / 36 000 miles. The intention it to keep it for as long as possible.
I've had it in to two auto body for estimates today, both recommended by my car dealership as places they take their cars. Both also have pretty good online reviews, but shop two has more and somewhat better reviews than shop one.
Shop One – said they would have to take the rocker panel off to blend the paint properly. Offered an hour and a half off the total time, since "you don't really have a choice, so we might as well not charge you for all of the time." Estimate: $350. Time: two days.
Shop Two Option One – took a look and said, "oh, you'll likely just want to go with the patch option. It won't be perfect, but no one will see it there so it doesn't matter and it will prevent it from rusting." Estimate: $95. Time: 1 hour.
Shop Two Option Two – shop two could also do the same thing as shop one, removing the panel and blending the paint. Estimate: $279. Time: one day.
I don't know a lot about car repairs, so I'd love any thoughts on the best way to do this from a mustachian perspective from those with more knowledge and experience. Clearly Shop Two Option One is the least expensive choice, but I'm worried I'm missing something else here that I should factor into the decision. I'm less worried about the overall price than I am about making a good choice about how to get this done.
Is this kind of repair likely to be obvious? How obvious compared to the pricier blending option?
Will the patch lessen the value of the car? And does lessening the value even matter if I'm intending to drive it into the ground (which I am)?
Are there any benefits to going with the more pricey blending option?
Should I be at all concerned that one shop quoted two days and the other quoted one for the same job?
Not enough info given upon which to base a valid answer.
What kind of car? What year? How many miles? How long do you plan to or usually keep your cars?
Good point. It's a 2015 Mazda 3 with 58 000 km / 36 000 miles. The intention is to drive it until it's not feasible to do so anymore.
$95 and no rust sounds good to me.
As you say you want to drive it to the end, I would only make sure the patch prevents rust. In 7-10 years the difference in price between the options won't matter.
This is coming from someone who thinks car should ve in really good shape and no technical issues should be present.
I hate cosmetic issues too but I refused to 2500 usd to fix a scrape I did.
Bought sandpaper, primer, paint and will finally get rod of the rust tbis weekend.
I will also try to fix part of the bending on the car door but I will drive with it like this.
I expect it will take me 3-4 hours and the paint and stuff cost me around 200 usd.
It is a 9 years old car with 150000 miles on it, bought it 6 months ago and plan ti keep it until it is not safe to drive.
Edit:pardon spelling on my mobile.
After I bought it I replaced timing belt and water pump at a mechanic.
I replaced one of the rear end lights miself. Dealership cost 450 usd, cosy me 90 usd plus one hour.
Replaces air filter and cabin filter myself. Dealership cost 100 usd each.
Cost for me, 100 usd both, bought k and n filters for both.
I'd go with the $95 option.


I have an obvious obsession with anything remotely musical, so you can imagine just how excited I was when I ran into the cast of the new movie God Help the Girl. I mean, OMG!
I met Emily Browning, who I loved in Sucker Punch, Olly Alexander from Skins and my favorite new band, Years & Years, and Hannah Murray from my hands down favorite show, Game of Thrones. All three, together in a movie musical and also in my little elevator. Be still, my beating heart!
Meeting one celebrity is enough to get me humming, but three celebrities practically calls for an opera. So of course, I sang a few questions to them, and thank God they sang back. Though I was totally stalking them, I felt like we were four best friends catching up in a elevator. We talked about their adorable new movie, what it was like filming in Scotland, and working with the lead singer of Belle And Sebastian, who wrote and directed the film. They even taught me a cute little dance from the flick.
Emily, Olly and Hannah are just as fun as their characters in the film. My whole week has been made!
Catch more of my over-the-top interviews with stars including David Gandy, Mira Sorvino, and Adam Pally.


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Perched on the Elbe River, Hamburg provides for a unique German experience. Whether you are a history buff, an epicure, a culture enthuaist, or a shopaholic, this city has something to offer for everyone. Tagged as one of the most important cities of Germany, Hamburg stands as the 2nd largest city as well as port across Europe and is one of the prime centers of media and various industries. Being a port city, Hamburg is all about water, right from the architecture to menus to the cry of gulls and it offers various opportunities for romantic boat tours in the harbour. Not to forget, port towns are always synonymous with a happening nightlife and if you are enthusiastic about clubbing, the city won't disappoint you. All in all, a beautiful and culturally rich city that is sure to woo you with its flair and maritime charm.
Spread across an area of 47 hectares, Park Planten un Blomen is a famous public park in the heart of the city. The park's gardens include the Japanese Garden, the botanical garden and an apothecary garden where you can learn about the healing powers of various plants. Park Planten un Blomen is the perfect place to enjoy floral displays. A major highlight of the place is the spectacular water light and music shows by the park's lake.
Friedhof Ohlsdorf (Ohlsdorf Cemetery) is Europe's largest cemetery and world's biggest non-military cemetery. Spread across an area of 400 hectares, it is visited by approximately 2 million people from across the world every year. It is famed for its beautiful scenery, gorgeous sculptures, and many graves of celebrities.
Located in a former harbor warehouse, the International Maritime Museum exhibits extensive maritime collection in the form of stories of explorers and conquerors, paintings, weapons and uniforms from 3,000 years ago. It started as a private collection house of Peter Tamm, a nautical enthusiast but has rightfully become the biggest private collection of its kind in the world today. It is built across 10 floors with a specific theme like shipbuilding, maritime art and marine research.
Miniatur Wunderland (Miniature Wonderland) is the largest model railway in the world allowing you to watch realistic, computer-controlled railway operations with incredible craft and detail. The miniature replica is the brainchild of 2 brothers: Frederik and Gerrit Braun. Opened to the public in 2000, it stands among the major tourist highlights of the city.
Hamburg Town Hall dominates the city center with its impressive architecture and a fabulous history. Built in 1897, the Town Hall is located in the Altstadt quarter and is the seat of the Government of Hamburg. It has seen a rather chequered history as it was destroyed in a great fire of 1842 and then during the Second World War.
Spread across an area of 19 hectares, Tierpark Hagenbeck is a popular animal park and aquarium in the city. It is an abode to approximately 1,850 animals from every continent, including one of Europe''s biggest elephant herds and species from polar regions. The animal park also has an excellent play area and a fairyland miniature railway. It is a great place for a family outing, especially if you are traveling with kids.


text:
Celebrity News December 16, 2018
'HQ Trivia' CEO Colin Kroll Dead at 35
Colin Kroll, the CEO and one of the founders of the "HQ Trivia" app and a co-founder of Vine, has died, TMZ reports.
Kroll's death was apparently the result of a drug overdose, possibly cocaine and heroin.
Stars We Lost in 2018 Remembered Gallery
His girlfriend called police early Sunday to perform a welfare check when she was unable to reach him. When police entered his downtown Manhattan apartment, they found his lieless body, as well as drug paraphernalia.
Kroll had been CEO of "HQ Trivia" since 2015, after his firing from Twitter for being a "bad manager." He reportedly made women at that company "uncomfortable," but no claims were filed. TMZ reports there was a human resources complaint against Kroll at "HQ Trivia" over his "aggressive management style."
#Obituary
Celebrity Trainer Tracy Anderson's Ex-Husband Found Dead at 48
Heartbreaking Details in the Aftermath of Meteorologist Jessica Starr's Suicide
LFO Singer Devin Lima Dead at 41
Director Nicolas Roeg Dead at 90
Reality Star Jael Strauss Dead at 34
Oprah Winfrey's Mom Dead at 83
Former President George H.W. Bush Dead at 94
Ken Berry of 'F Troop,' 'Mama's Family' Dead at 85
Clint Eastwood's Ex-Girlfriend, Oscar Nominee Sondra Locke, Dead at 74
Donny and Marie Osmond's 33-Year-Old Nephew Troy Found Dead

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.apache.flink.runtime.webmonitor.history;

import org.apache.flink.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.utils.ParameterTool;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.GlobalConfiguration;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.HistoryServerOptions;
import org.apache.flink.core.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.flink.core.fs.Path;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.history.FsJobArchivist;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.net.SSLUtils;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.rest.handler.legacy.DashboardConfigHandler;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.rest.handler.legacy.messages.DashboardConfiguration;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.security.SecurityConfiguration;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.security.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.webmonitor.WebMonitorUtils;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.webmonitor.utils.WebFrontendBootstrap;
import org.apache.flink.util.FileUtils;
import org.apache.flink.util.FlinkException;
import org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions;

import org.apache.flink.shaded.netty4.io.netty.handler.codec.http.router.Router;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

/**
 * The HistoryServer provides a WebInterface and REST API to retrieve information about finished jobs for which
 * the JobManager may have already shut down.
 *
 *
The HistoryServer regularly checks a set of directories for job archives created by the {@link FsJobArchivist} and
 * caches these in a local directory. See {@link HistoryServerArchiveFetcher}.
 *
 *
All configuration options are defined in{@link HistoryServerOptions}.
 *
 *
The WebInterface only displays the "Completed Jobs" page.
 *
 *
The REST API is limited to
 *

 *
/config

 *
/joboverview

 *
/jobs/:jobid/*

 *

 * and relies on static files that are served by the {@link HistoryServerStaticFileServerHandler}.
 */
public class HistoryServer {

	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HistoryServer.class);

	private final Configuration config;

	private final String webAddress;
	private final int webPort;
	private final long webRefreshIntervalMillis;
	private final File webDir;

	private final HistoryServerArchiveFetcher archiveFetcher;

	private final SSLContext serverSSLContext;
	private WebFrontendBootstrap netty;

	private final Object startupShutdownLock = new Object();
	private final AtomicBoolean shutdownRequested = new AtomicBoolean(false);
	private final Thread shutdownHook;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ParameterTool pt = ParameterTool.fromArgs(args);
		String configDir = pt.getRequired("configDir");

		LOG.info("Loading configuration from {}", configDir);
		final Configuration flinkConfig = GlobalConfiguration.loadConfiguration(configDir);

		// run the history server
		SecurityUtils.install(new SecurityConfiguration(flinkConfig));

		try {
			SecurityUtils.getInstalledContext().runSecured(new Callable<Integer>() {
				@Override
				public Integer call() throws Exception {
					HistoryServer hs = new HistoryServer(flinkConfig);
					hs.run();
					return 0;
				}
			});
			System.exit(0);
		} catch (UndeclaredThrowableException ute) {
			Throwable cause = ute.getUndeclaredThrowable();
			LOG.error("Failed to run HistoryServer.", cause);
			cause.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			LOG.error("Failed to run HistoryServer.", e);
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.exit(1);
		}
	}

	public HistoryServer(Configuration config) throws IOException, FlinkException {
		this(config, new CountDownLatch(0));
	}

	public HistoryServer(Configuration config, CountDownLatch numFinishedPolls) throws IOException, FlinkException {
		Preconditions.checkNotNull(config);
		Preconditions.checkNotNull(numFinishedPolls);

		this.config = config;
		if (config.getBoolean(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_WEB_SSL_ENABLED) && SSLUtils.getSSLEnabled(config)) {
			LOG.info("Enabling SSL for the history server.");
			try {
				this.serverSSLContext = SSLUtils.createSSLServerContext(config);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new IOException("Failed to initialize SSLContext for the history server.", e);
			}
		} else {
			this.serverSSLContext = null;
		}

		webAddress = config.getString(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_WEB_ADDRESS);
		webPort = config.getInteger(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_WEB_PORT);
		webRefreshIntervalMillis = config.getLong(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_WEB_REFRESH_INTERVAL);

		String webDirectory = config.getString(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_WEB_DIR);
		if (webDirectory == null) {
			webDirectory = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + File.separator + "flink-web-history-" + UUID.randomUUID();
		}
		webDir = new File(webDirectory);

		String refreshDirectories = config.getString(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_ARCHIVE_DIRS);
		if (refreshDirectories == null) {
			throw new FlinkException(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_ARCHIVE_DIRS + " was not configured.");
		}
		List<RefreshLocation> refreshDirs = new ArrayList<>();
		for (String refreshDirectory : refreshDirectories.split(",")) {
			try {
				Path refreshPath = WebMonitorUtils.validateAndNormalizeUri(new Path(refreshDirectory).toUri());
				FileSystem refreshFS = refreshPath.getFileSystem();
				refreshDirs.add(new RefreshLocation(refreshPath, refreshFS));
			} catch (Exception e) {
				// there's most likely something wrong with the path itself, so we ignore it from here on
				LOG.warn("Failed to create Path or FileSystem for directory '{}'. Directory will not be monitored.", refreshDirectory, e);
			}
		}

		if (refreshDirs.isEmpty()) {
			throw new FlinkException("Failed to validate any of the configured directories to monitor.");
		}

		long refreshIntervalMillis = config.getLong(HistoryServerOptions.HISTORY_SERVER_ARCHIVE_REFRESH_INTERVAL);
		archiveFetcher = new HistoryServerArchiveFetcher(refreshIntervalMillis, refreshDirs, webDir, numFinishedPolls);

		this.shutdownHook = new Thread() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				HistoryServer.this.stop();
			}
		};
		// add shutdown hook for deleting the directories and remaining temp files on shutdown
		try {
			Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
		} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
			// race, JVM is in shutdown already, we can safely ignore this
			LOG.debug("Unable to add shutdown hook, shutdown already in progress", e);
		} catch (Throwable t) {
			// these errors usually happen when the shutdown is already in progress
			LOG.warn("Error while adding shutdown hook", t);
		}
	}

	@VisibleForTesting
	int getWebPort() {
		return netty.getServerPort();
	}

	public void run() {
		try {
			start();
			new CountDownLatch(1).await();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			LOG.error("Failure while running HistoryServer.", e);
		} finally {
			stop();
		}
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Life-cycle
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	void start() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		synchronized (startupShutdownLock) {
			LOG.info("Starting history server.");

			Files.createDirectories(webDir.toPath());
			LOG.info("Using directory {} as local cache.", webDir);

			Router router = new Router();
			router.GET("/:*", new HistoryServerStaticFileServerHandler(webDir));

			if (!webDir.exists() && !webDir.mkdirs()) {
				throw new IOException("Failed to create local directory " + webDir.getAbsoluteFile() + ".");
			}

			createDashboardConfigFile();

			archiveFetcher.start();

			netty = new WebFrontendBootstrap(router, LOG, webDir, serverSSLContext, webAddress, webPort, config);
		}
	}

	void stop() {
		if (shutdownRequested.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
			synchronized (startupShutdownLock) {
				LOG.info("Stopping history server.");

				try {
					netty.shutdown();
				} catch (Throwable t) {
					LOG.warn("Error while shutting down WebFrontendBootstrap.", t);
				}

				archiveFetcher.stop();

				try {
					LOG.info("Removing web dashboard root cache directory {}", webDir);
					FileUtils.deleteDirectory(webDir);
				} catch (Throwable t) {
					LOG.warn("Error while deleting web root directory {}", webDir, t);
				}

				LOG.info("Stopped history server.");

				// Remove shutdown hook to prevent resource leaks, unless this is invoked by the shutdown hook itself
				if (shutdownHook != null && shutdownHook != Thread.currentThread()) {
					try {
						Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
					} catch (IllegalStateException ignored) {
						// race, JVM is in shutdown already, we can safely ignore this
					} catch (Throwable t) {
						LOG.warn("Exception while unregistering HistoryServer cleanup shutdown hook.");
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// File generation
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	static FileWriter createOrGetFile(File folder, String name) throws IOException {
		File file = new File(folder, name + ".json");
		if (!file.exists()) {
			Files.createFile(file.toPath());
		}
		FileWriter fr = new FileWriter(file);
		return fr;
	}

	private void createDashboardConfigFile() throws IOException {
		try (FileWriter fw = createOrGetFile(webDir, "config")) {
			fw.write(DashboardConfigHandler.createConfigJson(DashboardConfiguration.from(webRefreshIntervalMillis, ZonedDateTime.now())));
			fw.flush();
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			LOG.error("Failed to write config file.");
			throw ioe;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Container for the {@link Path} and {@link FileSystem} of a refresh directory.
	 */
	static class RefreshLocation {
		private final Path path;
		private final FileSystem fs;

		private RefreshLocation(Path path, FileSystem fs) {
			this.path = path;
			this.fs = fs;
		}

		public Path getPath() {
			return path;
		}

		public FileSystem getFs() {
			return fs;
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Elephant Arch
This popular route is used by hikers and equestrians alike to reach a delightful arch hidden high in the red rock formations in the Mill Creek area north of Washington City, Utah. Starting at the Mill Creek trailhead, follow the sandy, 2-track Mill Creek trail a short distance to the reconfigured Bone Wash trail junction (0.3 mile). Turn to the right to follow a power-line road or a parallel, sandy trail, to the junction where it joins Bone Wash just past a city pump station. The route then follows the very sandy Bone Wash trail about 0.5 mile to the junction of the Elephant Arch trail. This single-track, mostly sandy Elephant Arch trail climbs about 70 feet before dropping to follow the wash to below the Arch (about 0.4 mile). Equestrians enjoy this route which is well-suited for horses. Hikers, on the other hand, will find the deep, soft sand in Bone Wash to be laborious except after occasional precipitation which firms the sand up a bit. Bikers will find all of the Bone Wash and portions of the Elephant Arch trail to be nearly impossible to traverse on their bikes. Interesting red rock formations are encountered along the latter portions of the trails, culminating in the beautiful Elephant Arch hidden behind one of the more prominent peaks at trail's end. The hike or ride to the arch provides total quiet except for the occasional screech of a nesting hawk or the call of desert bird. The total elevation gain is about 180 feet and the total elevation change up and down for either route is about 300 feet. Total distance one way is about 2 ½ miles which can be hiked in 3 hours or less depending on time spent exploring at the arch. The route is rated easy for equestrians and of moderate difficulty for hikers due to the soft sand. The trail lies entirely across lands currently administered by the Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA).
This map shows the Elephant Arch trail along with the linking trails necessary to reach the arch.
This area map shows the context in which the Elephant Arch trail exists in relationship to all other trails in the Mill Creek area.
Trail begins at the Mill Creek Trailhead
Turn right on the new Bone Wash Trail. 0.3 miles
Bone Wash trail uses powerline road to junction with Bone Wash.
Bone Wash consists of soft, deep, sandy soils.
Junction of Bone Wash and Elephant Arch trails
Arch lies beyond small peak.
Elephant Arch high on cliff face from a distance.
Elephant Arch from the rear.
Another view of Elephant Arch from the rear


text:
Home . Articles . News . Features . BVI Redux; with sea creatures
BVI Redux; with sea creatures
SAILING's publisher, who first cruised the British Virgin Islands when bareboat chartering was in its infancy, returns with a pair of water-loving kids getting their first taste of island sailing. Now they all agree it's a wonderful place to sample Caribbean cruising in small portions.
The wave sped toward the shore like a curling turquoise wall, broke on the sand with a resounding crash and sent a fan of foaming water far up the beach, where it deposited a pair of sea creatures at my feet.
The creatures appeared to be laughing, as though they enjoyed being rolled, tossed, shaken and plastered with wet sand. The creatures were my grandsons, having fun in the Baths of the BVI as only kids who take to the water like fish can.The Baths may be a clichéd tourist attraction and a geological curiosity for those who wonder how a collection of house-sized rocks appeared on the shore of a Caribbean island, but on this day it was a showcase for Mother Nature's aquatic whimsy and grandeur. Out on the Sir Francis Drake Channel, the waves were big, lazy swells. When they forced their way into the grottoes of the Baths-in effect rock-sided funnels-they morphed into spectacular surf. Their power explained how the giant shards of granite thrown up by volcanic sea floor 25 million years ago became rounded like eggs.
We persuaded the boys to leave the surf so we could sail on to our next adventure just as the first wave of cruise ship passengers invaded the Baths, overwhelming the beaches and clogging passageways between the rocks. Cruise ships in the BVI? It was one of many revelations for me on my first visit to the British Virgin Islands in more than 30 years.
When my wife Jean and I first sailed here, cruise ships ignored these little islands, Mount Gay rum cost less than $2 a bottle and the bareboat charter business was in its infancy. We loved that experience, but the Windward and Leeward Islands, Spanish Virgins, Bahamas, Mediterranean and other waters of the world beckoned, laying claim to years of cruising time. It was the boys who got us back to the BVI. When it was time to introduce them to island sailing, I could think of no better place than this cluster of islands that serves as a microcosm of all that sailors love about the Caribbean. I knew they would learn a lot. I didn't realize that I would get an education too.
The boys, 12-year-old Will and 7-year-old Jack, are experienced sailors for their ages, but they had never experienced a sailboat like the Bavaria 50 we boarded at the Horizon Yacht Charters headquarter at Nanny Cay on Tortola, a handsome cruiser with the muscular look of a boat meant to be sailed offshore and a voluminous interior. The boys could have moved into one of the spacious aft staterooms, but they opted for a smaller "crew cabin" forward. They liked the sailorly look of the cozy, stacked berths. Besides, the aft cabin would have been too close, just a bulkhead away, to the quarters claimed by the parents (yes, we let them come along on the cruise too).
Impeccably prepared by the Horizon crew, the boat needed only a wagon-train of shopping carts full of provisions from the grocery store on the grounds of the Nanny Cay Resort & Marina (growing boys on board, you know) to be ready to take us on a voyage to, as our BVI cruising permit ($5 per person per day) graciously put it, "peacefully to cruise and enjoy the waters, beaches and reefs of these blessed islands." The Nanny Cay development, which includes a hotel (popular accommodations for charterers on the nights before and after their cruises) and the marina in which the Horizon fleet is berthed, is located several miles away from the big commercial harbor at Road Town, and is a convenient getaway point for cruisers.
Of course, just about everything is conveniently located in this compact arrangement of islands. It took just an hour for us to get into the cruising life with a stop at the Indians for snorkeling. The Indians, a group of exposed rocks near Norman Island, are part of the BVI National Parks Trust. Anchoring is prohibited to protect the coral. With our marine conservation permit ($35 for a week) we were able to use one of the trust's moorings.
The snorkeling was excellent. Will, who is as content in a submerged state as a seal, was soon off on his own, diving often to get a closer look at fish lurking in the coral. Jack got the hang of it a after a few mouthfuls of seawater. Later his eyes seemed as big as sand dollars when he described a purple fish he had seen that seemed to be glowing.
Our destination for our first night was only a mile away, the Bight of Norman Island, a place I remembered well from our first BVI cruise. What I remembered was a big bay in which we were utterly alone and were introduced to the potent December winds of the BVI. The shrieking gusts swooped down over Norman's steep hills from one direction and then another, giving me a sleepless night as the boat swung wildly on its anchor chain. I probably shouldn't have worried-I had enough scope out to hold a cruise ship. A long anchor rode would have been impossible in 2010, what with the scores of boats crowding the anchorage. Crowded, yes, but not too crowded, thanks to the rows of mooring balls that dot the Bight.
It was more of my BVI re-education-moorings, now nearly universal in BVI harbors and anchorages, take the stress out of not only anchoring, but of sharing these waters with vast fleets of charter boats. With moorings-the privately maintained ones are generally available for $25 a night-there is no problem putting up with lots of company in anchorages. And there are no worries about bumps in the night from boats dragging poorly set anchors.
We had made a detailed itinerary before the cruise, a fairly logical progression around the perimeter of the Drake Channel, but promptly discarded it after our Norman Island stop. The distances are so short that we decided it would be more fun to hop and skip our way through the islands on whims. One such whim took us to Marina Cay, which turned out to be our favorite civilized (meaning having shore amenities) destination.
The Marina Cay anchorage is protected by a reef ringed by pellucid turquoise water giving way to the deeper blue of the anchorage, and it was gorgeous to behold as we picked out a mooring near the little island with red roofed buildings at the center of the reef. I was reminded of one of our favorite places in the Windwards, Clifton Harbour at Union Island, where seas are blocked by a reef like this one, but the breeze blows into the anchorage fresh and unimpeded. Between dives off the stern with the crew's two water rats, I couldn't help thinking Marina Cay was a particularly fortunate place to be in April while our home latitudes were enduring the death throes of winter.
Marina Cay has marina services, a hilltop bar, a restaurant, a dive charter operation and, for those willing to squander island time on shopping, a Pusser's Company store. It also has wi-fi all over the island and in the anchorage. I added that to my list of changes since my last BVI visit in that quaint era before the Internet had been invented.
Amenities are fine, but it was the BVI's natural offerings, places to explore under and above the water, that the boys liked most, places like the Dogs and, most memorably, Sandy Cay. At the curiously named George Dog, one of a half dozen uninhabited islands in the Dog group in the BVI archipelago's western reaches, we found a national parks mooring, dinghied to a cove and snorkeled over a coral reef whose sea life seemed animated by the vigorous current and swell.
Aggressive surf at Sandy Cay precluded snorkeling, but made for what the boys thought was a highly entertaining dinghy landing. There was plenty of entertainment on the islet too. For the adults it was beholding a perfect tropical island, a living version of classic images in paintings and photographs, with a crescent of white sand beach and palm trees bending in the breeze. For the boys it was exploring the cay's overgrown interior and discovering a colony of hermit crabs that meandered on the island floor toting their domiciles, fingernail size shells for the children and adolescents, a variety of snail shells ranging up to mansion size for the adults.
On the beach, a sea-going crab that arrived on a particularly far-reaching wave provided the photo op of the day as it clamped onto a SAILING Magazine hat tenaciously and posed for a portrait with Will before being returned to the surf.
In the civilized category of destinations, the cruise took us to Gorda Sound and a déjà vu stop at the Bitter End Yacht Club. When we first saw it, the Bitter End was an outpost known mostly by the traveling cognoscenti, a remote spot with a few villas and a small restaurant. Today it's a tony luxury resort offering guests a plethora of ways to enjoy the sound and nearby bays and reefs with an eclectic fleet of sailboats and other water toys. Our plan was to spend a day at the Bitter End and let the boys sail small boats around Gorda Sound, but when the breeze piped up early in the morning, we decided, on another of those whims, to take advantage of it for the 20-mile passage (long by BVI standards) to Jost Van Dyke.
It was a relief to see the windspeed indicator rise about 20 knots. I had been telling the crew about the hardy tradewind-powered breezes of the BVI, but so far the wind had been disappointingly gentle. This day it came on as a strong southeaster, just what the big Bavaria wanted. I silently thanked the Horizon crew for giving us a boat with a just-scrubbed bottom as we watched the knotmeter climb over 9 knots and stay there on an exhilarating romp to Jost Van Dyke's Little Harbor.
The sail to Little Harbor was really a pilgrimage to a restaurant we discovered in our 1970's introduction to the BVI that seemed to embrace everything about the Caribbean culture we came to love. Back then, Sidney's Peace & Love restaurant was a glorified shack at the edge of the harbor. There was no dock; we anchored so close to a sand spit in front of the restaurant that after dinner, and I suppose after a few Mount Gays, I swam back to the boat, which took all of 15 strokes. Sidney cooked lobsters in a caldron over a fuel oil fire behind the restaurant. While he was busy doing that, guests were encouraged to help themselves at the bar, making a note of what they consumed and settling up after dinner.
Sidney's is now a sprawling place that can seat many sailboat crews, with a proper dock and-what else?-a shop filled with Sydney's Peace & Love logo merchandise. We were sorry to hear from Sidney's granddaughter that he was in a hospital in Puerto Rico and "everyone is praying for him." But the lobster from the kitchen was just as good as when Sidney prepared it for us-maybe better without the essence of fuel oil-and the honor-system bar was still in operation. When we praised the crustaceans, the face of our server Shanica lit up in a wide smile as she replied, "I'm dating the guy who caught them." In traps set off Anegada, she added.
The lobster dinner marked the last night of the cruise. The next morning, the last leg was a jaunt through the Thatch Island Cut at the western tip of Tortola to Nanny Cay. But first there was quick detour to anchor once more off the beach at Sandy Cay.
The sea creatures needed one last swim.


Coal isn't clean -- but is carbon capture and sequestration our best hope against climate change?
"Clean coal" is a contradiction in terms. Television ads, billboards and politicians use the term, but mining coal and burning it remain a dirty business. With the threats posed by climate change as a backdrop, industry is waging a PR offensive to claim coal is both benign and indispensable.
But is even cleaner coal a real, if distant, promise ... or merely a dangerous distraction?
Coal generates half the nation's electricity, and almost all of Pennsylvania's. Burning it releases more than one-third of the United States' carbon dioxide emissions -- the chief cause of climate change -- and other pollutants like mercury. The promise of clean coal relies mostly on "carbon capture and sequestration," a means to trap the CO2 in power-plant emissions, liquefy it, and inject it deep underground. The technology to do so exists, but is unproven on a large scale.
Without CCS, proponents say, we'll never cut CO2 emissions enough to avoid the worst effects of climate change. A new high-profile report from a group headed by Carnegie Mellon professor M. Granger Morgan urges the Obama administration to create a commission to regulate CCS, and to overcome legal and other obstacles to deploying it.
Critics counter that no coal-fired plants currently employ CCS, and that the technology won't be feasible on a commercial scale until it's too late. (Estimates range from 2020 to 2030.) Worse, if the promise of CCS convinces us to build more coal plants, we'll lock in decades more of emissions. "[T]he world needs to reduce the amount of CO2 produced, not bury it underground and hope that it stays there," says the environmental group Greenpeace, in a 2008 report titled False Hope.
Challenges to CCS are legion. Capturing and processing the CO2 would reduce the efficiency of power plants by 30 percent or more. The increased energy use would require us to build power plants for our power plants, potentially doubling the price of electricity.
Then there's storage: We'd have to find enough spent oil and natural-gas wells (or other suitable geologic formations) to store huge quantities of the stuff, and monitor it for centuries. And we'd have to build a vast pipeline network to transfer CO2 from power plants to the underground sites.
Meanwhile, we'd continue mining lots of coal -- arguably the most environmentally destructive activity in the U.S., with its blown-apart mountains and poisoned water. And power plants would still produce other wastes, like the tons of fly ash behind recent disasters in Tennessee and Alabama.
From 2002 to 2007, federal spending for electricity-related fossil-fuels research-and-development (including on CCS) was $3.1 billion -- more than twice the comparable figure for renewable sources like solar power and wind. Even so, CCS will become economically feasible only after the government puts a price on carbon emissions -- a price that might make renewables a much better bargain.
So why shovel vast sums of money into sanctifying a dirty, inefficient, nonsustainable fuel source -- with technology we still haven't perfected -- when we could ramp up stuff we already use: energy efficiency and renewable power?
Some argue that the U.S. should perfect CCS technology and export it to China and India -- whose own increasing reliance on coal would nullify any cuts we might make. And in any case, our growing appetite for energy, left unchecked, might leave us no choice. To make do with renewable energy supplies, as groups like Greenpeace propose, would likely require reducing demand through efficiency and conservation on a scale we've never seen.
We've never seen large-scale CCS, either. Yet while Jan Jarrett, head of Citizens of Pennsylvania's Future, prefers conservation to coal, she's among those environmental activists who favor CCS research.
"Every single way we have to reduce carbon, we have to try," says Jarrett. "There's no one way. We've got to do it all."


text:
Profoto stories
Mira & Thilda create dreamy portraits in Marrakech with the Profoto Connect and A1
Written by: Steven Hanratty
Swedish sisters Mira & Thilda return to Marrakech to create the dreamy portraits they always envisioned but couldn't create before, when only using natural sunlight. But now, being equipped with the Profoto Connect and A1, they return to complete their mission.
There's a romantic, dream-like quality to the images sisters Mira and Thilda Berglind capture. Whether it's the vivid colors and shapes of nature across the seasons, souks filled with textures and fabrics, or epic, sweeping vistas burned to shades of gold, umber, and rust by the unrelenting rays of the sun. Wherever their travels take them, there's always a suggestion of mystery, adventure and the enchantment of a place less ordinary.
Marrakech is such a place, a city sparkling with color and life that's as intoxicating as it is fascinating. It was here in the town, and the desert beyond it framed by the grandeur of the Atlas Mountains that Mira and Thilda would embark on their next adventure with the button-free Profoto Connect flash trigger, and the Profoto A1 light.
No more frustration with flash
A few years ago, they had experimented with flash but found the whole process frustrating and disappointing. "We could never figure out how to make them work the way we wanted to, and we didn't get the result we were aiming for, so we lost patience and gave up."
Fortunately, their first impressions of the Profoto Connect and the A1 were a lot more positive. "Compared with what we'd previously experienced, the Profoto Connect is user-friendly and easy to understand - suddenly everything seems so logical."
This time, it will be different
Mira and Thilda wanted to shoot in Marrakech because they felt in their previous visits to the city; they had never truly captured the magic of the place.
"The Medina, for example, where light streaks shine from the sparsely thatched roof is beautiful but a hard place to shoot in when you're relying on just natural light. That's because if you expose for the sun streaks and the surroundings – the model ends up underexposed. Expose for the model - the background becomes overexposed, and those beautiful sun streaks vanish. So, we were happy to return equipped with the Profoto Connect and the A1 - and our objective was to take revenge for past failed photo sessions."
In the Medina, Thilda would be the subject of the shoot as she walked among the colorful vendors and the crowds of people. Mira chose to hold the A1 in her hand and placed a Dome Diffuser on the head to make sure the light was soft and smooth. With the camera in her right hand and the A1 in her left, she followed Thilda through the corridors and passageways until the right shooting opportunity came up.
Beauty and detail beneath canvas
Mira captured the next image inside a tent in the desert. "I wanted to capture the smoke from the incense rising, so I placed one A1 quite high behind Thilda, firing into an umbrella." The next A1 was placed on the ground in front of her and slightly to the right to bring light and shape to her face. Again, Mira snapped a Dome Diffuser on to the magnetic head to keep the light as soft as possible.
"Because we were using two flashes, and the tent was quite crowded, the Profoto app proved to be very useful. It meant I could control both flashes without having to move from my shooting position."
Bringing a kiss of light into the darkness
Both Mira and Thilda were curious to find out what they could create with just one flash as a light source in a place where there was no natural light. So, they headed for the bathroom.
Inside the dark room, they placed the A1 on a stand shooting into an umbrella. To give the impression of a natural light source, they positioned the A1 high, and as close to the roof as possible and slightly to Thilda's left (right of the camera position); this brought light and shape to her face, illuminated the rim of her hat and her shirt.
Drawing the eye to Mira
In the desert, they wanted to create a majestic landscape bringing to life the rugged beauty of the location with the grandeur of the Atlas Mountains in the distance. This time it was Thilda's turn behind the lens, and she would capture her sister Mira standing beneath a distant canopy.
On the floor in front of Mira, Thilda placed an A1 with a Dome Diffuser snapped to the head - this soft light would help to pick Mira out in the vast expanse of the image. On top of her camera, Thilda positioned the Profoto Connect.
And because Thilda couldn't shout to Mira to adjust the power on the A1 from this distance, the Profoto app again proved its worth, allowing Thilda to experiment with the power setting with just a swipe of her finger.
Bringing light to the Riad
The final image was taken back at the hotel where Mira and Thilda were staying. It was a traditional Riad, and the light from the Riad courtyard was shining into the room where Mira was sitting reading a book. However, the light was poor, so it would have been impossible to capture this moment without flash.
Thilda wanted to create a big soft light, so she positioned the Profoto A1 on a stand in front of Mira firing into an umbrella. Placing the flash in this position allowed her not just to illuminate Mira, but to push light into the front of the chair and the floor too.
Mira and Thilda were delighted with their return to Marrakech, and how the Profoto Connect, in tandem with the A1, meant they could create images that would be impossible with just natural light.
Free from the shackles of sunlight
"By diving into the world of flash, your only limitation is you and your own creativity. Free from the shackles of sunlight, the possibilities are now endless. Once you try it you immediately understand how flash works and how easily the Profoto Connect and A1 sync with each other to help you get to the result you want.
And Profoto Connect is the perfect tool because it's easy to understand for newbies like us. All you have to do is put it on your camera and go. We no longer feel limited by natural light and that is exactly what it is all about - to be free to create— wherever and whenever."
Mira & Thilda
Profoto app
Off-Camera Flashes
Be free to create
Products used in this story
The world's smallest studio light
Experience Details
The button-free trigger
Umbrella Deep White
A versatile and zoomable umbrella for a softer light
Be free to create with Audrey Woulard, Profoto Connect and A1
Tina Eisen reveals six setups for creative portraits with the Profoto A1
Meg Loeks creates the right light anywhere, anytime with the Profoto A1
Photo: Audrey Woulard
Profoto Academy
Learn how to create natural-looking light anytime, anywhere with Audrey Woulard and David Bicho
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The Internet of Things (IoT) will fundamentally and sustainably change the way we live and work.
As it becomes more common to integrate intelligent microchips in physical objects – known as smart objects or connected things – the boundary between reality and the virtual world continues to blur. The connection of all smart objects as well as the constant stream of data generated by them are the basis of the "industrial Internet", which harbors impressive economic potential.
This technological development will mean that we will no longer just interact with computers in the strict sense but, rather, with intelligent computers that are embedded in objects.
The rapid miniaturization of computer chips, sensors and storage media is the technical foundation of the Internet of Things and will offer companies a host of possibilities.
IoT technology delivers significant cost savings and increases productivity, particularly for industrial manufacturing and monitoring processes. Integrated microcontrollers make it possible to connect devices to a network and integrate them into a company's IT infrastructure in a cost-effective way. In return, users can continuously monitor data from machines and systems in real-time, troubleshoot, detect malfunctions right away and optimize maintenance planning.
The networking of complex devices and software optimized to meet specific needs can help companies manage their processes and systems intelligently and gain a significant economic benefit.
Find out how EPPENBERGER Digital can help your company utilize the full potential of IoT technology.


Interested in hosting a food workshop? Contact Lila to set up a special event.
Join local Holistic Nutrition Consultant, Lila Volkas, in making a brunch with digestive friendly foods that will delight your taste buds and your belly.
We'll end the experience with a short walk over to my favorite herbal tea store, so you can make and purchase your own digestive tea blend.


text:
Shorefront Journal
Collect | Preserve | Educate
Archive, Profile, Shorefront
Fred Hutcherson, Jr.: Soaring the Skies
Fred Hutcherson Jr. in Canada Dorvale c1940s. photo courtesy Fred Hutcherson, III.
— By Shorefront
Fred Hutcherson, Jr., an Evanston native, was a self-taught aviator who eventually trained black military cadets at Tuskegee to fly. Hutcherson, Jr's accomplishments include the attempt to open the first ever black-owned International Airline based in Haiti, was a Captain with S.A.M. Airlines, a pilot for British West Indies Airlines, operated a charter service, and raised money for the war effort. In ferrying bomber planes to England in WWII, he was one of the first early Black aviators to cross the Atlantic. However, in order to lend his service to his country, racial barriers led to his joining the Royal Canadian Air Force.
. . . he was meant to be in the sky.
Fred Jr. was born in Evanston, Illinois on July 6, 1912 at 1904 Asbury Avenue, the oldest of the three children, to Fred and Orain (nee Babcock) Hutcherson, Sr., who ran a business on the corner of Asbury and Emerson. While in high school, Fred Hutcherson, Sr. surprised his son, with his first airplane. "My grandfather knew that my father was always interested in aviation since early high school." says Fred Hutcherson, III, himself an air force veteran who made a career as a photojournalist and is now retired living in Rockford, Illinois.
Fred Hutcherson, Jr. was not taught how to fly in a conventional manner. He learned through studying books on aviation, instrument panels and through trial and error in his QX Traveller at Northwest Airport just eight miles west of Evanston. He asked questions on flying techniques from other aviators at the airport. He earned the respect and trust of his fellow aviators, and his pilot's license. By the age of 20, he and become the manager at Northwest Airport and controlled the ground school. "Everyone thought of him as a 'natural flyer'", Hutcherson, III said, "he was meant to be in the sky."
At age 20, Hutcherson, Jr. was hired to manage Sky Harbor Airport, then in Northbrook, Illinois. By 1935, when he was 23, he was flying charters out of Harlem Airport, located in what is now Robbins, Illinois. On May 31, 1939, Hutcherson, Jr. received a renewed Private Pilots License #34679. Before WWII, he tried to enlist in the United States Ferry Command in Miami, Florida, but was denied because of his race.
Undaunted, Hutcherson, Jr., his wife Regina Laurent, and their five year-old son, Hutcherson, III, packed up and moved to Montreal, Canada. He joined the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1941. Upon graduation, he obtained the rank of Captain and began to train others pilots in bomber navigation and flight. By 1942, thirty-year-old Hutcherson, Jr. had logged in over 5,000 flying hours.
Hutcherson, Jr. transferred to the Royal Canadian Ferry Command (a division of RCAF) in Montreal, passed the difficult instrument and navigation test with the highest score and became the first Black pilot to graduate from that command. His job was to ferry military airplanes such as the Lockheed Ventura, also known as Lockheed Hudson's, from Canada to Europe and was paid $1,000 plus bonuses a month.
"I remember him telling me that he would first land in Scotland, and then crowd in with other pilots and crew members on a plane back to Canada. While in Scotland, he also flew Spitfires down to London military air bases from time to time." Hutcherson, III said, "He did not fly in combat."
My father had to fly General Trujillo, president of Santa Domingo, on a classified mission.
A crew of three ferried a plane across the Atlantic Ocean. The crew consisted of a pilot, a co-pilot and a radio operator. Hutcherson first ferry, made in 8 hours and 50 minutes, was not an easy one as he relayed it in a June 26, 1943 Chicago Defender.
"We were enroute to England with our first group of bombers and were going along at a fair clip . . . Suddenly and without warning, the motor went dead, stopped cold. We were at 23,000 feet, but when engine stopped we began to do the inevitable. We started to drop . . . At slightly better than 16,000 feet the stalled motor caught up and the burst was like music to our ears."
After his service with the Royal Canadian Air Force, Hutcherson, Jr. took a job as a Captain with British West Indian Airways based in Miami, Florida. "On one occasion," Hutcherson, III remembers, "My father had to fly General Trujillo, president of Santa Domingo, on a classified mission."
In 1944, he volunteered to join the United States Army Air Corps as a flying instructor in the "Tuskegee Project", which trained Black aviators, including the famous 99th pursuit squadron, for service in WWII. Even with his flying experience, his rank was downgraded from captain to flight instructor.
While he was in Canada, the Fred Hutcherson Jr., Unit Inc. was organized. Its office was located then at 109 East 53rd Street in Chicago. The organization raised money for the war effort. It had a Sunday morning 15-minute radio program on station WIND, and had a float Chicago's annual Bud Billiken Parade in Chicago. In 1942, their float won honorable Mention and was showcased in the Chicago Defender. On July 31, 1942, his organization sponsored a midnight benefit show at the Valencia Theatre (then at 1560 Sherman Avenue in Evanston). Hutcherson, Jr. was also a member of the OX-5 club of pioneer airmen, Illinois wing and Secretary of the Skokie Flying club.
In 1946, Perry H. Young, who had won distinction as the pilot of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia during the Italia-Ethiopian war, and Jimmy Plinkton (both former Tuskegee Airman) partnered with Hutcherson, Jr. and started a flying school in Port-au-Prince, Haiti after a failed attempt to organize an international airport there. "My father was also a distributor for Taylorcraft, Sky Ranger and Beachcraft Bonanza airplanes, and may have been the first African American distributor for Beach Craft," his son says.
In 1949, Hutcherson, Jr. left Haiti to train pilots and pilot planes in Columbia, South America for the newly started Sociedad Aereonautica Medellin (S.A.M. Airlines). He left Columbia in 1952 and came back to live in Evanston. "He spent his time applying for airline jobs, but couldn't get anything." Hutcherson, III said. He eventually got a job with Midway Airlines, flying out of Meigs Field, Wheeling, and Sky Harbor Airports.
Fred Hutcherson, Jr. started Lake Airways Charter Service in 1956 that was stationed at the former Meigs Field according to Hutcherson, III. He also flew charter services out of Midway and O'Hare Airports until about 1959. By that time, Hutcherson, Jr. has logged in more than 16,500 flying hours including over 1,500 hours of night flying.
In 1959, Hutcherson, Jr. retired from flying in order to run the family business at 1900 Asbury Avenue after his father, Fred, Sr. died. "When my father took over the business," Hutcherson, III said, "he made it into a small mom and pop type grocery store and then into a hot dog stand known as the 'Corner Spot'." Hutcherson, III took over the business, when he was 23 years old.
A few years after he stopped flying, Fred Hutcherson, Jr. health began to fail. He spent three months in ECH. On his 50th birthday, Fred Hutcherson, Jr. died of Leukemia. Services were held at Ebenezer A.M.E. Church in Evanston and he was interned at Montrose Cemetery.
"I don't remember his funeral," his cousin Rose Jourdain said. "They had asked me to speak and I read a poem I thought was perfect for Freddie. I don't remember the author, but the poem began, 'I have slipped the surly bonds of earth and danced the sky on laughter silvered wing. Sunward I've climbed and done a thousand things you've never dreamed off.' It ended 'I reached out my hand a touched the face of God.'"
"I don't remember the service at the graveside either." Jourdain continued, "But just before they lowered his body into the ground, we heard this tremendous, incredible 'BOOM'. Every one jumped and looked at the sky, and then came a sight I'll never forget. Jets flying in formation, low in the sky, and dipping their wings almost above the casket, while one plane left the group and climbed out. I was bawling. I thought: They have returned his soul to the sky."
On June 18, 2011, a Congressional Gold Medal replica was awarded posthumously by Illinois, 9th District Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky to Fred Hutcherson, Jr. in honor of his collective contribution to the Tuskegee Airman legacy. Receiving the Tuskegee Airmen medal is his son, Fred Hutcherson III. The event took place at the Shorefront Legacy Center and was attended by 100 family, residents and government officials. A short video can be viewed by clicking here.
Notes: Sources included the Evanston Review, The Chicago Defender, Chicago Pittsburg Courier, Los Angeles Sentinel, Chicago Airview News, memories from Gwen Buckner, Rose Jourdain and from a taped interview of son, Fred Hutcherson, III recorded by Shorefront on June 11, 2004 at his home in Rockford, IL. Photographs courtesy of Mr. Hutcherson, III. Original extended article first appeared in the printed Shorefront Journal, Vol 5, No 4, 2004.
November 26, 2012 November 26, 2012 African American, Aviator, Black, Congressional Gold Medal, Evanston, Fred Hutcherson Jr, Haiti, Jourdain, Meigs Field, North Shore, Robins Airport, Shorefront, Sky Harbor Airport, Tuskegee Airmen
Published by shorefront journal
Shorefront Journal is the official publication of the Shorefront Legacy Center based in Evanston, Illinois. Shorefront collects, preserves and educates people about Black history on Chicago's suburban North Shore. An annual is printed once per year. www.shorefrontlegacy.org	View all posts by shorefront journal
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The Innovation Precinct encompasses a key area in the CBD. It showcases tech companies within the space and needed a brand, wayfinding system, visual language and website to highlight the area. The lines and shapes echo the ever changing tech world mixing innovation, work and play.