Allwinner A20 dual core Cortex A7 processor was/is one of the most popular Allwinner SoCs thanks to its low cost, the availability of interfaces such as SATA, Gigabit Ethernet, HDMI 1.4, and multimedia support with H.264 encoding and decoding.
The company has now introduced new processors that build upon A20, but working in industrial and military temperature ranges, and compliant with various standards (TBD).
Again A60i is the industrial grade SKU, and A60pro the military version.
The processors should be used in the aerospace industry for infotainment, retail industry for digital signage and vending machines, security applications like face detection, and so on.
I've been informed all A-series processors have a 10-year life cycle. Software (SDK) provided by Allwinner might be different than for Allwinner A20, as I've been told the automotive business unit (BU4) is in charge of those new processors, while processors like A20 or A33 for consumer goods are managed by BU2.
Still outdated Mali. The SDK kernel is probably 2.6 or some other prehistoric version?
Very likely an unmaintained kernel full of thousands of exploitable vulnerabilities at least, which is scary to put in automotive environments. But we could be wrong, maybe they picked 4.4 and intend to rely on the CIP kernel.
Their latest BSP code drops (for the H series) rely on either kernel 4.4 or 4.9. Web search for 'allwinner homlet github' is sufficient.
There is a BSP with kernel 4.4 for A64. I am experimenting with one on my old BPI-M64. I run the kernel 4.4 passing a DTB from u-boot, works very smooth but as in kernel 3.10 some work is needed on ethernet / eMMC side that is specific to the board. I think the hack I did one year ago would work on 4.4 too. But kernel 4.4 is more complex than 3.10 and i would think an AW engineer / kernel developer would fix up this in a very short time.
Based on this little experience I think they will be using kernel 4.4 for the new processors.
> Based on this little experience I think they will be using kernel 4.4 for the new processors.
Why? As already said: Do a simple web search for 'allwinner homlet github'. AW moved on to 4.9 with H6 and A63 already. Maybe they forward-ported their drivers even to 4.14 in the meantime?
But as you say there is kernel 4.9 for A63 there would be no reason to use 4.4.
and Not to mention "Industrial & Military Grade" needs a stable kernel version.
Temperature grades need a kernel version and software support?
This makes perfectly sense. AW now can sell their outdated chips for 3 to 10 times of the original price. However, at least military will demand complete open source. So this is a win for AW, for industrial and military customers (as they still are significantly cheaper than other chips) an for the open source community. BTW, Cortex A7 is still one of the most power efficient chips.
Huh? These are NEW chips. It's not like they've taken an old part and renamed them, as none of the current chips have the same features as these. They still have to pay licences to ARM, although possibly cheaper licenses than for a Cortex-A53 or similar and the same goes for the GPU. So no, they make no sense at all.
If the military specification chips are destined for autonomous weapons (viz killer robots), which may end up being destroyed, then it makes perfect sense to use the chip version which will be at minimal cost and not a more expensive over-specified processor.
Remember, autonomous robots make sense — your own soldiers do not get killed, just the soldiers and civilians of the enemy, which is why "let's make America great again" must have them and use them.
It's all about temperature grades when 'miitary' is mentioned.
is there any reason for them to avoid using A55 low power ones, or even A53?
Cortex A7 cores must still be cheaper, and do the job for the type of applications they plan to use those on.
If these SoCs are really derived from A20 and use all the rather outdated IP blocks then they could run with mainline kernel pretty soon (thanks to linux-sunxi community). But looking at specs at least A40 seems more like R40 plus two more USB2 host ports. Who knows? Who cares?
If they target support by the CIP kernel through all the work the sunxi community has done, it can make sense to stick to A7, as the only two supported platforms for now are x86_64 and arm (32 bit). Anyway, right now we may find it stupid to use A7 over A53, but in 8 years A53 will look stupid as well, and if the chip is really supported for a long time, it will continue to ship.
Why would someone with a critical system, partner with a company known for failed software support?
Cheap chip, nightmare support costs?
Point me to other vendor with better mainline support in their product range. Only Sunxi and now Rockchip have so good mainline support. And because of that, allwinner has a good BSP support both in uboot and kernel. They even provide meta layers for Yocto and BSP support for buildroot.
Right now, Sunxi and Rockchip are really hot.
NXP? Yes, that one has one of the worst mainline support. No imx6 BSP has got in the mainline and it's really a mess to develop on imx compared to mainline support BSPs.
So its not allwinner's merit their SOCs are well supported by mainline, but the community's.
It's a pity Bootlin had to go to Kickstarter to collect 30k€ instead of Allwinner paying the bill.
As far as I know both Rockchip as well as amlogic are at least somewhat supporting mainlining efforts.
But I'm just not aware of any really well (manufacturer-) supported SOC.
Allwinner uses sunxi's cores. The support in the mainline is not from allwinner and also the BSP support comes from the community. The support for Rockchip comes mostly from Theobroma, I believe. Also bootlin pushes a lot of stuff for the BSP support in buildroot.
Nevertheless, the point is that no matter where the support comes from, allwinner has a great support in the mainline. You can build you custom kernels easily and even use the preempt-rt devel branch and have a kernel with BSP support for several boards from nanopi or orangepi in a few minutes.
Why is it that qualcomm's socs never mentioned when baseline support needed?
I think most probably because you can't find board with $10 with a Qualcomm CPU.
I wouldnt have the courage to build something based on these allwinner/rockchip socs, sorry.
I don't understand what you mean here. Does the processor has a flow or a h/w bug or there is something wrong with the design and the board implementation of the boards you're talking about?
I have a banana pi M1 running my single SATA disk NAS for the last 4 years. Is working 24/7 and the uptime is more than a year every time. Works great.
I have used several orangepi and nanopi boards for various tasks, like soft-synths running RT kernel, dev boards using usb-agent to boot other devices and even flow meters and weather station running 24/7 and many other projects with custom bootloader and kernels and never had issues.
Therefore, I don't know why people hate them, but I've done so many things with those cheap boards and always get the best results. If you need raw power then H2-3-4-5 do not fit the purpose, you need to go with rk33xx, tegra or x86, but anything else below that I really can't find a match for the price and the product range.
People dislike the Chinese SOC boards because in general it is much easier to get five different OSes running on a Raspberry Pi. Problems happen when in-experienced people get an OrangePi because it is $5 cheaper than a Raspberry Pi.
I will say the Chinese SOC manufacturers contribute a great deal to this problem by not keeping their Android and Linux BSP up to date and on public servers. I find it ridiculous that I have to get my Chinese board maker to sign up with Allwinner for a tech support account and then funnel all of my software issues through them. A much smarter strategy is for Allwinner to make everything public and then have two support tiers. A private one for their big accounts and a public forum where people can post and Allwinner employees answer in their spare time.
A huge problem is created by the Chinese SOC companies not making a unified Android BSP that covers all of their CPUs in a single package. Allwinner splitting its software support into the various business units is insane. It is crazy for each business unit to put out their own BSPs.
I can't tell about Android as it's not my field of expertise, but regarding Linux support and BSP support via Yocto and buildroot, currently the Sunxi (and also allwinner) support is excellent.
Everything is open source and anyone can branch the BSP and then push commits. There's a repo for the ATF and uboot and Linux are mainline, no need for branches or vendor kernels. At the same time, Sunxi is also active in pushing stuff (e.g. the meta-sunxi).
Personally, I haven't seen so active support from the community and the vendor to support a range of different boards based, especially on H3 and H5.
Nvidia has the worst support ever but everyone complaints about Sunxi. TK1 is a beast and is running 3.10.40 full of bugs, broken device-tree, no support and people struggling in the forums to just bring up interfaces.
I assume that probably has to do with luck of experience for most of the people. Having worked with dozens of different boards and vendors the last uears, working with Sunxi during the last year feels like peace of cake.
You are not trying to use the Allwinner camera and video encoders. And likely not the video decoder either.
Mali drivers for all allwinner SOCs are now available and also VPU support in the mainline will be available in the near future by bootlin.
Seems you're only focused on Allwinner SoCs that are 4 years or even older?
I'm not focus on Sunxi CPUs. My main daily focus is on tegra, x86 and recently rk3399. But what's the point of this anyway?
The point is about Allwinner always shipping way outdated BSPs without ever making any effort to get their CPUs supported in mainline. The "sunxi" you're talking about is not a vendor, it's a community of enthousiasts which buy new boards, reverse-engineer them, document them and write drivers to be merged into mainline. Some companies (like bootlin) have to go through kickstarter to sponsor a driver development. All this could and should be done very inexpensively by Allwinner themselves. I'd argue that without sunxi, you wouldn't find Allwinner chips on SBCs anymore, you would only find it in highly outdated and vulnerable Android tablets like the one I bought based on kernel 3.4.39 which doens't take upgrades. *This* is the point a few participants above tried to make.
OK, I get the blaming allwinner part for not trying to add their SOCs in mainline. But blaming the BSPs all together doesn't make sense because they do have great support in he mainline, even if a community does that. These are great boards for several projects using mainline and build custom distributions.
Anyway, I get the sense that is more like a hate thing for allwinner altogether, which I don't care really. I enjoy build stuff with those boards and find it very easy to do and I commented on the first place, because it's inaccurate to say that there's no mainline support for these boards.
You use the term 'BSP' differently than those people familiar with Allwinner do. Allwinner's BSPs are usually just one giant code drop (depending on the business unit in question you end up with giant tarballs or github repos with one single commit and no history whatsoever) consisting of either a horribly outdated kernel or a somewhat recent kernel with their drivers forward-ported (a diff to relevant official LTS kernel version is always scary). Some functionality (e.g. sleep/standby) also relies on their own u-boot version, some blobs and code running inside the ARISC 'management core' contained in the SoCs (not documented, no sources).
That being said: since community is doing all the relevant work (mainline stuff) and Allwinner pretty much does not care about quality or contents of their BSP it always takes an awful lot of time for full software support arriving upstream. That's why you're most probably only using really old Allwinner SoCs since software support situation in 2018 is only 'great' when looking at A10, A20, A13 and A33 (the latter being the youngest SoC here and just 4 years old).
If these two new SoCs that are of no interest to any of the commenters so far anyway (since targeting industrial customers) will really be based on A20 and re-using all those old IP blocks then situation could've changed and A40/A60 run pretty soon with mainline (since everything A20 + different DT stuff would be all that's needed). But I highly doubt this and believe mentioning of A20 is marketing and not related to any technical details.
Maybe I need to clarify that when I mention BSP, I mean the board support package in the mainline u-boot and kernel. For example when you have a nanopi-neo2 board the BSP support in the kernel comes with the sun50-h5-nanopi-neo2.dts (and of course the kernel support for this DTS).
The A10 and other relative series are "old", sure. But what "old" means anyway? Also, when I've written great support I had the Hx series in my mind. Even the new H6 has a very active integration in the kernel and soon there will be also BSP support for the new H6 boards.
Finally, regarding this A20 implementation I can't comment if I don't evaluate it first.
This is hardly unique to AllWinner and Rockchip, most chip companies are the same and it's frustrating beyond belief.
Most things are based on ARM or possibly MIPS, so what is there to hide?
AllWinner's BU's is another insane way of doing things and it's a company that's not easy to talk to and they show zero interest in you. I've been to their office in Shenzhen and compared to Rockchip, it felt like a total waste of time talking to them. Not that MTK or Realtek are much better… Marvell, ha, good luck unless you're a multi-million dollar company.
For Allwinner that is a foolish strategy. Allwinner would be 10x better off with a maximize sales strategy. US semiconductor companies are lucky that Allwinner is royally screwing up their software, if they has their act together on software there would be a bunch of dead US chip makers.
And it is not like a hundred people haven't told Allwinner exactly what they need to do to fix their software strategy. It is 100% within Allwinner's ability to execute on these suggestions too. But until they see the light they will stay a Tier 2/3 chip maker.
Here is a simple observation on Allwinner. All of their success is from Chinese manufacturers mass producing reference designs. How many non-reference design, successful products are there? That is where Allwinner is failing. This lack of openness and cooperation pretty much ensures that non-reference design products will fail. I've got a couple of attempts under my belt in that category. In my opinion, they don't understand how important these non-reference design companies are to future growth. They are the seeds that may turn into oak trees. They look at today's small company and say no revenue, what they miss is that places like Amazon gobble up these small companies.
I'm with you 100% here. It really makes no sense at all, but this seems to be the mentality behind their reasoning, as I can't see any other reason for it, unless they're just plain simply lazy.
I've got a couple of fairly successful projects done with AllWinner, but not relying on anything fancy like graphics or video, so that's most likely why.
Then again, they're not alone when it comes to under delivering on drivers. Worst project ever was a router based on a Cortina Systems (now part of Realtek) SoC. They promised a new 3.x kernel, then told us it was impossible to update from 2.9.x and none of their other customers were doing this. That's what you want to hear a year into a project, no?
nVidia is the same also. Really bad support for their SKUs. This is why after the TK1 they changed their business model and only sell the TX1/2 board as it is and not the CPU. I've spend days in their datasheets to bring up interfaces that they even weren't implemented. And they never did. But at least there was a datasheet, I can give them that, OK.
The only way for smaller companies to get good support is to buy modules like Qseven and get support from the manufacturer. Even for a few hundred pieces you can get a decent support.
Price is higher as mentioned by Dim, and in the past if was close to impossible to get datasheet or technical reference manual for a Qualcomm processor. This has changed though for their "E" processors like Snapdragon 410E. Documentation is not quite at the level provided by NXP however (just judged by the number of pages for the TRM: 303 vs 6,000+).
These chips are for outdoor use. They are not normal consumer chips.
This is the typical temperature range, don't know if Allwinner followed this.
I tried putting one of my consumer Allwinner devices in the garage where it could freeze, and it stopped working around -2°C. I suspect these chips will end up in car entertainment systems. People drive cars in Alaska and the desert where they will experience these temperature extremes.
The Allwinner software I have seen can not identify any specific faces. That demo picture in the post is counting the generic faces it sees walking by. It is for retailers who what to know how many people pass by their store front. Faces are the easiest thing to count in a passing crowd.
Actual face identification is typically done by passing the image into the cloud where much larger machines and databases can work on it.
Hope they are better at it than UK Police!
Just in case some people wondered (and it was not obvious from the peripherals list), Allwinner A40 & A60 processors are not pin-to-pin compatible with Allwinner A20.
It seems the Allwinner page you quoted either contains a typo wrt '4x USB 2.0 (3x host interfaces, 1x OTG interface)' (since how/why should a pin compatible SoC have one more USB2 host port without exposing it?) or there are really additional USB2 data lines exposed that need adjustments to existing PCBs. Anyway: if A40i is essentially the same as R40 and V40 then it's time to move on to something less boring.


text:
\section{The Problem Statement}
Online reviews, nowadays, have become a valuable and significant resource, for not only consumers but companies, in decision making. In the absence of a trusted system, highly {\em popular and trustworthy} internet users will be assumed as members of the trusted circle. The problem statement we are arguing is that: given a set of user rating reviews, determine whether they are trustworthy or unreliable; from these deceptive reviews of particular target business, identify and quarantine any Yelp account producing such over-threshold amount of those. Intrigued by the works of \cite{pranata2016most}, the figure \ref{fig:flowchart} visualizes an entire process, and the road map for tackling the learning problem is as follows:
\begin{itemize}
	\item Cluster the most popular Yelp's users, and find businesses that these have rated
	\item Employ RSD algorithm \cite{rahman2015catch} and BRN technique \cite{rayana2015collective} to detect any unusual rating, analyze its corresponding business, and determine its validity
	\item Compare the popular users' disputable ratings, for those target businesses, against the business trusted values; and then, quarantine deceptive users based on comparison results
\end{itemize}

The rest of this report is constructed as follows: the next section is to discuss features selection for determining popular users, and potential spam scores of both deceptive reviews and target businesses; the third section introduces our hybrid mechanism, employing both RSD and BRN, to detect the review spike aiming to boost up a business's goodness; the last sections mainly discuss the evaluation metrics, experimented results, and our final thoughts about this work.
\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{center}
	\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{images/flowchart}}
	\caption{The flowchart of quarantine deceiving Yelp users from Yelp's user and review data set. The blue region denotes features extraction, the yellow region is responsible for detecting anomalous ratings, and the green region is for analysis and decision making in quarantining users. {\bf Tb} and  {\bf Sb}  denote a trusty score and a spam score for a business, and  {\bf Sr} is the calculated spam score for each review.}
	\label{fig:flowchart}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}

\section{Features Extraction Engineering}
Since the number of users are large, the most efficient way to find those popular ones is to use clustering techniques that take a feature vector as its input. Similarly, much can be inferred from textual and behavioral data of reviews. This section outlines meaningful features extraction for serving the purpose of our work.

\subsection{Popular Users}
To cluster a group of most popular users out off nearly 650K records, we decide to use the {\em k-mean algorithm} with an input as a set of selected user features. The Yelp user records dataset provides a number of features to work with, as inputs to the k-mean algorithm; however, not all are useful. The following features are believed to be important, as they will have a significant impact on determining the most popular users:  {\bf yelping since} - the year in which an user started Yelp, {\bf average star} - the average ratings of all businesses given by an user, {\bf elite count} - the total number of years in which an user is part of the Yelp's elite squad, {\bf fans count} - the total number of fans that an user has, {\bf friends count} - the total number of friends of a user, {\bf reviews count} - the total number of reviews that a user has made, {\bf total votes} -the total number of votes from others, and {\bf total compliments} -the total numbers of compliments from other users.

\subsection{Potential Fraudulent Reviews}
Textual features are derived from the reviews written by the users; whereas the behavioral features are computed from meta-data such as a review time stamp, ranks, and review patterns. We extract the following features for determining possible deceptive reviews: {\bf RD} - rating deviation, the absolute deviation of a rating from the businesses average values, as spammers tend to write unreliable reviews deviating from this value; {\bf EXT} - extremity of a review of 1 if a rating is 4,5 and 0 if it is 1,2,3; {\bf ETF} - the fact that a spammer wrote early reviews to make an impact on the overall rating of the business; {\bf ISR} - a value of 1 if the re- view is the user's only review, otherwise 0; {\bf PCW} - the ratio of all capital words, as spammers tend to use a lot of capital words for drawing attention; {\bf PP1} - the ratio of the first person pronouns in reviews, as in deceptive ones, the second person pronouns are mostly used instead \cite{rayana2015collective}; {\bf EXC} - the number of exclamations used in the review to attract attention.

\subsection{Target Spamming Businesses}
Similarly, to calculate the potential spam score for each target business, the following features are extracted: {\bf MNR} - the maximum number of reviews written in a day for a business; {\bf PR, NR} - the ratio of positive reviews and negative reviews, as argued in \cite{rayana2015collective} that spammers rate more than 80\% of reviews as 4 or 5; {\bf avgRD} - the average rating deviation of business reviews that determines whether a business is being a target of spammed; {\bf ERD} - the entropy rating distribution of businesses reviews to determine the uncertainty of the distribution of review ratings; {\bf ETG} - the entropy of temporal gaps capturing any bursts in review activities; {\bf RL} - the average length of a review.

\section{Detecting Anomaly in Ratings}
\subsection{Clustering Popular Users}
The algorithm searches over a range of k values and select the best k clusters based on the approximation of the posteriors of the clusters, or Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) score \cite{pranata2016most}. BIC is measured through the likelihood of how well the clusters model the data, which is produced by a spherical Gaussian distribution. Hence, the higher value of BIC is, the more probable of the clustering being a good fit is:
\begin{equation}
	BIC(D\: |\: k) = l(D\: |\: k) - \frac{p_j}{2}log(R)
\end{equation}

where $D$ is the dataset, $k$ is the number of clusters, $R$ is the number of feature vectors, $p_j$ is the number of parameters to estimate clustering, and $l(D\: |\: k)$ is the likelihood that is measured as:
\begin{multline}
	l(D\: |\: k) =  \sum_{i=1}^{k} - \frac{R_i}{2}log(2\pi) - \frac{R_id}{2}log(\delta^2) \\
	               - \frac{R_i - 1}{2} + R_i log(\frac{R_i}{R})
\end{multline}

where $R_i$ is the number of feature vectors in $i^{th}$ cluster, $d$ is the cluster center, and $\delta^2$ is the average variance of Eucledian distance from data point to its cluster center. Given a group of popular Yelp users $\mathcal{P}$, the Algorithm \ref{alg:biz-extraction} shows the steps taken to find the list of distinct businesses $\mathcal{B}$ that $\mathcal{P}$ has rated.
\begin{algorithm}[h]
	\caption{Business Extraction}
   	\label{alg:biz-extraction}
	\begin{algorithmic}
   		\STATE {\bfseries Input:} a group of popular users $\mathcal{P}$, review records $\mathcal{R}$
		\STATE {\bfseries Output:} list of distinct businesses $\mathcal{B}$ that $\mathcal{P}$ has rated
   			\FOR{$i=1$ {\bfseries to} $|\mathcal{P}|$}
				\STATE $\mathcal{B}_i \leftarrow $ FindBusiness($i$, $\mathcal{R}$)
				\FOR{$b=1$ {\bfseries to} $|\mathcal{B}_i|$}
					\IF{$\mathcal{R}_b \geq 10$ {\bfseries and} b $\not\in \mathcal{B}$}
						\STATE $\mathcal{B} \leftarrow b$
					\ENDIF
				\ENDFOR
   			\ENDFOR
	\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

\subsection{Review Spike Detection (RSD)}
Deceptive users increase the rating of a target business by posting fraudulent reviews. The RSD module detects this by identifying {\em outlier} in a rating timeline that receives a higher number of positive (or negative) reviews than normal. Using the dispersion measurements of Box and Whiskers plots \cite{rahman2015catch,tamhane2000statistics,prithivirajan2015analysis} in detecting outliers, RSD computes the Upper Outlier Fence (UOF) value. The spike is detected when $|P_d| > $ UOF, where $P_d$ is a set of positive reviews posted during a day. For example, consider a business has an UOF value of 10, we say that there exists a positive spike if that business receives more than 10 positive reviews in any particular day. Similarly for detecting negative spikes.

Fraudulent reviews can be posted either constantly in a short period of time or gradually over a long time interval. Thus, a sense of review distribution over time is necessary for determining a spike. According to  \cite{tamhane2000statistics}, the Box and Whiskers plot (figure~\ref{fig:boxandwhiskers}) yields five important statical summaries, in term of review-posted days: the most outdated, first quartile, second quartile or median, third quartile, the most current. For each business timeline, the interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the first and third quartiles. In terms of ratings, Upper Outlier Fence (UOF) and Lower Outlier Fence (LOF), which have an abnormal distance from the others, must satisfy:
\begin{align}
	UOF \geq& Q3 + 1.5 (IQR)\\
	LOF \leq& Q1 - 1.5 (IQR)
\end{align}

where $IQR = Q3 - Q1$. A spiky business is detected when it has a set of reviews either exceeding UOF or falling under LOF.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{center}
	\centerline{\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{images/boxandwhiskers}}
	\caption{Box and Whiskers plot for a review distribution over 125 days.}
	\label{fig:boxandwhiskers}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}

\subsection{Bridging Networks for Calculating Spam Scores}
It is trivial that an extreme high (H) or low (L) rating is more suspicious for each target business. To quantify the extremity of a feature rating $r_i$, the proposed method from \cite{rayana2015collective} uses the empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) to estimate the probability that a target business $\mathcal{B}_j$ contains a rating as low or as high as $r_i$. Specifically, for each rating $r_i$, $1 \leq r_i \leq |\mathcal{R}_b|$, CDF computes the $f$ value for the {\bf L} type by finding all ratings smaller than a target business' rating. Similarly, finding all values that are as large as a target one for computing the $f$ value of the {\bf H} type.
\begin{equation}
	f(r_{bi}) = \begin{cases}
				1 - P(X \leq r_{bi}) &\mbox{if } H \\
				P(X \leq r_{bi}) &\mbox{if } L \\
			\end{cases}
\end{equation}

Both feature types eventually receive a low value if they are both suspicious. To get a stronger representation, we now combine all these values into a single spam score on a scale of 0 to 1 using:
\begin{equation}
	S = 1 - \sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{|\mathcal{R}_b|} f(r_{bi})^2}{|\mathcal{R}_b|}} > S_{threshold}
\end{equation}

A higher value of $S$ indicates an abnormal review, or a business potentially being a target of spam. Generally, detecting a spike from RSD and evaluating its deceptive score will help in narrowing down a set of popular users $\mathcal{P}$ who manipulates a business $\mathcal{B}_b$'s rating.

\section{Evaluation}
In this report, we experiment on different size $k$ of clustering popular users. \cite{pranata2016most} performs clustering from $k = 2$ to $k = 60$ and find that $k = 4$ yielded the optimal group of popular users. However, our approach finds that the number of clusters does not affect an outcome of the popular users cluster. More specifically, we are able to determine 46 popular users, independently on how many clusters are being calculated, from a set of nearly 650K Yelp's account. Details on this popular group will be provided in the next section.

Comparing against \cite{rahman2015catch}'s execution of RSD on an entire Yelp's review dataset for finding spiky businesses, our input domain is much more smaller, hence more efficient. Since our approach starts with clustering popular users and their rated business, the RSD algorithm only needs to run over this set of popular businesses. Interestingly, despite of a difference in the review space, our finding agrees with \cite{rahman2015catch} that one will need to generate at least $\frac{n}{7}$ fraudulent reviews to increase the ratings of a business by a half point, where $n$ is the number of reliable reviews. The mathematical proof for this can be found in \cite{rahman2015catch}.

According to \cite{rayana2015collective}, a spam score $S$ for each business or a review is calculated to determine the probability of being a target for spamming. Similarly, we use this metric to determine whether a detected spike is deceptive. We argue that although a popular user might give an extreme {\em outlier} review, but it could be an honest one, due to personal interest or emotional feelings. Yelp's users are only quarantined when they exceeds a limit of {\bf {\em deceptive}} reviews on a spiky business, and their reviews are far off a tolerated range of the business' trusted score. \cite{pranata2016most} define a business's trusted score as an average of all ratings; whereas we consider it to be an average of all {\bf {\em non-deceptive}} ratings: $T_b = \frac{1}{|\mathcal{R}_b|}\sum r$, where $b \not\in \mathcal{B}$.

\section{Results}
From our experiment, we find that there exists a group of 46 popular users affecting an entire review dataset significantly, regardless to how may clusters are being classified. Table \ref{tab:k4} and \ref{tab:k3} list all feature values of such clustering. It is noticeable that Cluster 2 seems to be the most popular one as all of its feature values are larger than the others. Our finding is some sort similar with \cite{pranata2016most}, as their work also confirms that Cluster 2 groups the most popular users; except it has 43 users. One feasible explanation is that we randomly select a set of k centroids for k-mean clustering, in which each feature is also randomly generated from a given range; whereas \cite{pranata2016most} specify particular centroids. Additionally, given this list of 46 popular users, 3202 businesses are founded by the algorithm \ref{alg:biz-extraction}.
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
\begin{table}[h]
    \caption{Clustering results for Yelp's user records when $k = 4$}
    \label{tab:k4}
	\begin{center}
	\begin{small}
	\resizebox{0.85\columnwidth}{!}{
	\begin{tabular}{lccccr}
		\toprule
		Features & Cluster\_0 & Cluster\_1 & Cluster\_2 & Cluster\_3 \\
		\midrule
		yelping\_since & 2008.25 & 2008.58 & 2008.89 & 2012.38 \\
		average\_star & 3.88 & 3.84 & 3.85 & 3.75 \\
		elite\_count & 38.73 & 38.34 & 37.74 & 2.86\\
		fans & 390.22 & 262.35 & 548.76 & 1.18\\
		friends\_count & 20946.6 & 19874.26 & 30833.41 & 159.88 \\
		review\_count & 1437.97 & 1119.04 & 1994.20 & 25.35 \\
		total\_votes & 43021.45 & 28782.12 & 75479.22 & 83.55 \\
		total\_compliments & 21382.02 & 12293.42 & 19308.48 & 9.03 \\
		total\_users & 60 & 95 & 46 & 686355 \\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}}
	\end{small}
	\end{center}
\end{table}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}

\begin{table}[h]
    \caption{Clustering results for Yelp's user records when $k = 3$}
    \label{tab:k4}
	\begin{center}
	\begin{small}
	\resizebox{0.9\columnwidth}{!}{
	\begin{tabular}{lcccr}
		\toprule
		Features & Cluster\_0 & Cluster\_1 & Cluster\_2 \\
		\midrule
		yelping\_since & 2008.25 & 2008.39 & 2008.89 \\
		average\_star & 3.88 & 3.74 & 3.85 \\
		elite\_count & 38.73 & 2.87 & 37.74 \\
		fans & 390.22 & 1.22 & 548.76 \\
		friends\_count & 20946.6 & 162.61 & 30833.41  \\
		review\_count & 1437.97 & 25.50 & 1994.20 \\
		total\_votes & 43021.45 & 87.25 & 75479.22  \\
		total\_compliments & 21382.02 & 10.73 & 19308.48 \\
		total\_users & 60 & 686450 & 46 \\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}}
	\end{small}
	\end{center}
\end{table}

Moreover, we find 2715 spiky businesses which is 84.79\% of businesses rated by popular users, and this is less than the results of \cite{rahman2015catch}. It is expected as we only consider those rated by popular users; whereas \cite{rahman2015catch} take every single business into their account. Additionally, due to the fact that most of businesses has deceptive ratings spreading over a long period of time, the RSD algorithm runs on an entire timeframe of 2004 - 2016. The figure \ref{fig:spike} shows a sample RSD plot for a single business from 2008 to 1016.
\begin{figure}[h]
	\begin{center}
	\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.85\columnwidth]{images/spike}}
	\caption{A review spike detection plot for a business from 2008 - 2016. During the years from 2013 to 2015, this business receives a high amount of positive ratings whose values are larger than 3.0, mostly 4.0.}
	\label{fig:spike}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\cite{pranata2016most} claim that most popular users are untrustworthy but do not provide any statistical results. In contrast, we try to understand how many popular users are actually untrustworthy due to the fact that, sometimes, their judgement is affected by emotional feelings. Since the rating range is from 1 to 5, we set the tolerate offset to be 0.5. This means that, given a trusted business score, ones will be classified as deceptive if their ratings are greater than $T_b + 0.5$ or less than $T_b - 0.5$. Additionally, a quarantined user must make more than a threshold amount of such ratings. The table \ref{tab:threshold} shows the correlation between a threshold amount of deceptive ratings and a number of quarantined users. Obviously, the smaller amount of threshold, the higher the percentage of quarantined users. In fact, it is reasonable to conclude that given the Yelp's user dataset, there are 46 popular users and more than 80\% of those are untrustworthy.
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
\begin{table}[h]
    \caption{The number of quarantined users based on the threshold amount of deceptive ratings}
    \label{tab:threshold}
	\begin{center}
	\begin{small}
	\resizebox{0.75\columnwidth}{!}{
	\begin{tabular}{lccr}
		\toprule
		Threshold & Number of Quarantine Users & Percentage \\
		\midrule
		3 & 43 & 93.48\% \\
		4 & 42 & 91.30\% \\
		5 & 42 & 91.30\% \\
		6 & 42 & 91.30\% \\
		7 & 41 & 89.13\% \\
		8& 39 & 84.78\% \\
		9 & 38 & 82.61\% \\
		10 & 38 & 82.61\% \\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}}
	\end{small}
	\end{center}
\end{table}
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}

\section{Conclusion}
This paper aims to quarantine Yelp's users making a large amount of deceptive reviews. Our approach starts with clustering popular users and their rated businesses. Employing RSD and BRN, we determine whether a detected spike for a business is trustworthy. A user is classified as deceptive when making an exceeding amount of reviews on a spiky business, whose values are out off a tolerated range. Conclusively, there are 46 popular users out of approximately 650,000 Yelp's accounts, and more than 80\% of those are deceptive. Additionally, out of almost 3300 businesses rated by popular users, 2715 or 84.79\% of those are subject to spamming; and a popular deceptive user needs to generate at least a-seventh of a number of positive reviews for increasing a business general ratings by a half-star.

\nocite{langley00}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Archive for the category "Hank Aaron Hits #715"
HANK AARON HAMMERS 715th CAREER HOME RUN
"Hammerin" Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit his long-awaited 715th career home run today at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium before a record crowd of 53,775.
The home run, hit off LA Dodger pitcher Al Downing in the 4th inning, breaks George Herman "Babe" Ruth's record of 714.
Vince Scully, Dodger play by play announcer, said during his radio broadcast of the game:
"What a marvelous moment for baseball; what a marvelous moment for Atlanta and the state of Georgia; what a marvelous moment for the country and the world. A black man is getting a standing ovation in the Deep South for breaking a record of an all-time baseball idol."*
*Hank Aaron was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982.
Aaron's "Record Setting" Jersey
JFK THROWS OUT FIRST PITCH
President Kennedy threw out the ceremonial first pitch of the 1963 baseball season today.
The ceremony was conducted before the opening day game at DC Stadium.
BAY OF PIGS CAPTIVES SENTENCED IN CUBA
Almost a year after the failed invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, a Cuban military court has sentenced more than 1100 exiles who were captured in the failed invasion.
Each of the captives are to serve 30 years in prison.
Fidel Castro, however, has made an offer to the Kennedy administration. He will release all the prisoners upon payment of $62 million.*
*Check back to JFK+50 on April 17 for a full account on the "Bay of Pigs".
EMERGENCY RELIEF ACT BECOMES LAW
As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Second New Deal" gets underway, the Congress passed today his proposed Emergency Relief Appropriations Act.
It authorizes expenditures of $5 million for work-relief programs.*
*ERA establishes the Works Progress Administration (WPA) which pays workers to build highways, schools, hospitals, airports & playgrounds.
The WPA also restored theaters such as the Dock Street Theater in Charleston, South Carolina.
HOLLYWOOD STARS SELL WAR BONDS
Today on the streets of New York City's financial district, Douglas Fairbanks & Charlie Chaplin sold war bonds to fund United States armed services fighting in the world war.
Douglas Fairbanks at Rally
17th Amendment Ratified
The 17th amendment to the United States Constitution became law today.
The amendment requires the direct election of United States senators.*
*Since the ratification of the US Constitution in 1789, senators had been chosen by state legislatures.
LONGACRE SQUARE HAS A NEW NAME
New York City's "Longacre Square" in midtown Manhattan has been renamed.
The new name is "Times Square".
The new name came as a result of the opening of the new Times Building, home of The New York Times newspaper.*
*Times Square is located at the junction of Broadway & 7th Avenue & stretches from West 42nd to West 47th Streets.
Times Square (1921)
Posted in Hank Aaron Hits #715 | Leave a comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Adam Chavarria is the President of the American STEM Alliance. Previously, he was Executive Director of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans. When the Bush Administration appointed him in December 2003, Chavarria became responsible for directing the Initiative′s efforts in engaging Hispanic parents, families and communities nationwide as active participants in improving Hispanic American academic achievement.
Chavarria became executive director of the Hispanic College Fund (HCF) in Washington D.C. at its inception in 1993. During his eight years with the HCF, more than $1 million in scholarships were awarded to over 600 deserving Hispanic American students. He transformed the HCF into a successful scholarship organization and forged lasting partnerships with corporations, higher education institutions and the Hispanic business community. Before moving to Washington D.C., Chavarria worked as a consultant in Dallas and was a vice president with SER-Jobs for Progress. He was listed in Who's Who Among Hispanic Americans in 1991 and was a member of the Dallas Hispanic Chamber of Commerce and the Dallas Association of Mexican American Professionals. Chavarria earned his bachelor′s degree in political science and his master′s in public administration at the University of Minnesota.
Michael Acosta has over thirty-five years of experience in technology design and development, business management, strategic planning, and economic development throughout his career with IBM, and the University of Texas at El Paso.
Michael Acosta worked with Raytheon Corporation as a Test Engineer at White Sands Missile Range (in New Mexico) from 1971-1973. had a 21 year career with IBM, as a manager and engineer (1973- 1994), working in design, development, advanced manufacturing, strategic planning, and competitive analysis. He joined UTEP in 1994. He served as the Associate Director of the Institute for Policy and Economic Development (IPED) at UTEP from 2000-2007. Prior to that, he was Associate Director for the Texas Center for Economic Development at UTEP from 1994 – 2000. Michael also taught the Electrical/Computer Engineering Senior Project (Capstone) Design Courses at UTEP from 1991-2003. He is an Alumnus of the UTEP College of Engineering, having received his B.S. EE in 1971.
Michael was the National President of MAES (the Society of Mexican American Engineers and Scientists). He has served as MAES National President from 2006 to 2012. MAES is a national U.S. Hispanic technical membership organization, with University/College Chapters and Professional Chapters all over the country, and a broad spectrum of sponsors and partners (corporate industry, federal agencies, military, academia, and other non-profits). He received the prestigious MAES Medalla de Oro Award in 1999.
Toney Begay has been executive director of MESA New Mexico since 2005. Prior to that he held a wide variety of positions including more than a decade working as an analytical chemist for Los Alamos National Laboratory, Project Director for a Tribal College Initiative, Special Assistant to a White House Initiative on Tribal Colleges and Universities, and analyst for the New Mexico State Senate. He obtained a degree in Environmental Chemistry from Northern Arizona University in 1985.
Melissa Dodson, Ph.D. is an independent consultant with more than 15 years of experience partnering with K-12, post-secondary, and state agencies, as well as industry leaders and community members to build broad capacity to improve education using data and research. She has led a variety of education research projects including traditional outcome or key indicator studies, capacity building projects through research alliance structures, continuous improvement studies using network improvement community or collective impact change strategies, and analytic technical support or coaching projects using, for example, logic models to better understand programs and measure short- and long-term outcomes.
Dr. Dodson was a principal researcher at American Institutes for Research (previously SEDL) designing, implementing, and reporting evaluation studies of national, statewide, and local educational interventions and initiatives. Prior to that, Dr. Dodson was a senior-level manager at the UTeach Institute, a center that supports the scale-up of the UTeach STEM teacher preparation program at over 46 universities across the nation.
Dr. Dodson is a member of Austin's Women in Leadership League (WILL) and a board member of the American STEM Alliance. She holds a Ph.D. in educational psychology with a specialization in learning, cognition, and instruction from The University of Texas at Austin.
Rey B. Gonzalez is the President and Chief Executive Officer of El Valor. He previously served for over thirty years as chair of El Valor's board of directors. Prior to coming to El Valor as CEO, Rey was the Vice President for Legislative and Community Affairs at ComEd, an Exelon Company that delivers electricity to approximately 3.8 million residential and business customers across northern Illinois. In addition to building and stewarding relationships with statewide legislators and community organizations, Rey was involved with Exelon's national external diversity initiatives. Prior to this position, Rey was the vice president of Corporate Diversity for Exelon Corporation. Before joining Exelon in 2002, Rey served as vice president of Diversity for the McDonald's Corporation. His primary responsibilities included the management and development of national External Diversity Partnerships, including philanthropy and employment.
Jorge Haynes is a retired Senior Director of External Relations for the California State University, Office of the Chancellor after thirteen years in that postition. Prior to joining the Chancellor's Office, Haynes worked in the capital cities of Sacramento, Austin, Tallahassee and Washington, D.C. In California, he worked at the Department of Finance and the California State Assembly where he was the first Latino consultant to the Assembly Education Committee. In Texas, he worked for Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby and State Comptroller Bob Bullock. In Florida, Haynes served as the Director of Communications for House Speaker Jon Mills and was the first Latino to serve at that level in the Speaker's Office. In Washington D.C. Haynes served as a Staff Director for the Small Business Committee, Subcommittee on Environment & Labor under the Chairmanship of Congressman Esteban E. Torres. Immediately before joining the Cal State Chancellor's Office Haynes worked for thirteen years as a Senior Vice President of Marketing at the International Bank of Commerce in Laredo, Texas.
Haynes is an Air Force Vietnam Era Veteran and is active with the American Legion, the G.I. Forum, the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) Veteran's Council. He is also a Board Member for the Vet Fund Foundation headquartered in Sacramento, California. Haynes, a product of the GI Bill, is an advocate for veteran's rights especially in higher education.
Retired since the summer of 2014 Haynes volunteers his time with several organizations including serving as Chair for the Aguila Alliance in Austin and the Parent Engagement Academy in Southern California. He also serves as Emeritus Board member for Families in Schools (Los Angeles) and the Regional Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (Long Beach). He is a founding member of the American STEM Alliance. He serves as a member on the Resource Council for VOCES Oral History Project (Austin), Diversity Leadership Committee at UT (Austin), the Rio Grande International Study Center (Laredo) as well several other civic organizations.
He received his BA in government from CSU Sacramento in 1972. In 1997, Haynes was sponsored by HACR to the Executive Management Education Certificate Program at Harvard University. Haynes lives in Lakeway in the Texas hill country west of Austin.
Michael Marder is Executive Director, UTeach Science Program, Codirector of UTeach, and Professor of Physics at the University of Texas at Austin. He is a co-founder of UTeach at UT Austin, and has been codirector nearly since inception of the program. He also helped to found and currently oversees the UTeach Institute, which directs national replication of UTeach. His work in physics focuses on the fracture of brittle materials. He is the author of a graduate textbook on Condensed Matter Physics.He also uses techniques from physics to study effects of poverty on educational outcomes.
Michael Marder obtained undergraduate degrees in physics and mathematics at Cornell University, and a PhD in Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is married to the archaeologist Elpida Hadjidaki, and they have one child.
Oscar F. Porter is past Executive Director for California's Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (MESA) program and Past-President of MESA USA, an organization representing MESA programs in ten states.
Prior to becoming California's Executive Director, he was MESA's Chief Operating Officer with responsibility for the daily operation of the program. Dr. Porter joined MESA in 1995 as Associate Director for Research, Evaluation and Information Management after serving four years as Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs at the University of Redlands. Dr. Porter has over 45 years of experience in higher education research and administration and has worked in a variety of institutional environments including major research universities, small liberal arts colleges, a Historically Black College in Mississippi, a school for law and diplomacy and an experimental college. Dr. Porter also served as Assistant Executive Director for the National Institute of Independent Colleges and Universities (the research arm of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities) in Washington, D.C.
His areas of publication include college persistence and degree completion, minority student and faculty issues, school/college partnerships, the relationship of student financial assistance to college persistence, and most recently, the effectiveness of student academic enrichment program models.
Dr. Porter earned his dual-major B.A. in history and political science from Tufts University, his M.A. in political science from Michigan State University, and his Ph.D. in higher education from UCLA.
Dr. Porter is a board member of the American STEM Alliance. He is also a member of the California STEM Learning Network Advisory Council and served as a member of the California Department of Education's recent Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Task Force.
Rudy Reyna is the former director of the San Antonio Prefreshman Engineering Program, an eight-week, mathematics-based, academic enrichment program that emphasizes the development of abstract reasoning and problem solving skills.A native of San Antonio, Dr. Raul (Rudy) Reyna graduated from South San High School. He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and a doctorate in educational administration from Texas A&M, and received a master's degree in computer science from Columbia University. His extensive career has included an executive position in a high technology firm; his twenty-eight years at SBC included working for Bell Laboratories in various design teams, management of data systems, director of SBC Online, and as president of the SBC Foundation, where he administered a $25 million budget that provided grants throughout a five state area. He has also taught undergraduate and graduate courses in Management Information Systems as an adjunct instructor at several universities.
David Valladolid has been President & CEO of the Parent Institute for Quality Education since 1999. Previously he was policy Administrator for United Domestic Worker of America, a legislative consultant to Speaker Willie Brown in the California State Assembly, Chief of Staff for Assemblyman Peter Chacon, Senior Deputy Labor Commissioner for the California Department of Industrial Relations, and a Civil Rights Consultant for the California Department. of Fair Employment and Housing.
Mr. Valladolid is a graduate of San Diego State University (1975), seventh generation California and he is married to Teresa Pascual Valladolid. He has four children, Dave, Sara, Maite & Evita. He is a Vietnam Combat Veteran (1968-69) wounded twice and he is a Purple Heart recipient.


About Us - AlienCart.com - Our Ecommerce Solution for Your Online Store!
We are a dedicated team developing eCommerce solutions with more than a decade experience.
We started small, initially developing small features for various websites.
Soon we realized that in the forever changing landscape of technology, our clients needed a stable and competent partner to understand their needs and exceed their expectections.
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From module development to beatifull eCommerce themes, we handle every aspect of your store creation, so that you dont have to worry about performance, security and many others. Just enjoy the process.
With innovation in mind we like to chalange ourselves to bring you the finnest quality every day.
Also, since our early days, we understood that this business is all about people!
We like to listen to each and everyone of you and together we build awesome ecommerce shops for you and your customers!
Get in touch with us for your next project!


To carry out our work with the greatest efficiency, we use the methodology based on Accompanied Reasoning , where the participants build by themselves, step by step and with the guidance of our trainers, the conceptual structure that supports the different topics that are developed during the training. Through this process, they not only acquire the desired capabilities, but they themselves discover what each of these issues mean, what advantages they bring and the logical relationships between them, thus configuring a global image that facilitates learning and motivation.
(Self-awareness) allows us to understand and improve our own mental processes (Mental Agility) and better understand others (People Agility). Improving our mental abilities and the knowledge of others gives us security in changing and uncertain environments (Change Agility), which allows us to improve the ability to obtain results in innovative and challenging environments > (Results Agility).
All this process is carried out using our own tools that allow to visualize, in a clear and very graphic way, the different structures with which the different concepts are worked on.
Thus, we use tools such as the Diana de MAGARO ® , to understand our value structure, the Model of 6 Responses ® to visualize our personal dynamics, or the technique of TEAM Blocks ® to understand the structure and model the dynamics of the work teams.
In addition, to carry out our training activities we can use two different and complementary environments, the classroom and the natural environment.
In company courses are designed to generate situations and dynamics that allow working with the concepts in a very practical way.
The natural environment is an exceptional framework to generate emotional situations of different intensity. This allows us to metaphorize and put into practice the techniques and tools presented in the classroom, providing an element of real experience that facilitates the understanding and setting of concepts, and the development of the desired skills.


Hello there! I wrote these lyrics for My Mai Tonight a while ago, but I feel as though my voice is not strong enough to carry the song on my own, so I thought doing a group cover of it would be the better option!
All 9 members are available for audition. I will be self casting based on the auditions I get (but likely as Mari or Riko). I would love to also find some mixers, some artists, and some animators, but if I can't, that's fine! The final cover will be uploaded on my YouTube channel!
I currently have auditions set to end at the end of January, and I would like to post the cover before the end of February!
You can check out the lyrics here, and I will be recording a demo in the near future if you would like to hear that as well!
Chika is sociable and rarely gives in easily. Her positive, can-do attitude gradually begins to affect everyone around her. She has a habit of explaining puns without being asked.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Chika! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Feel free to comment if you can help with the mix, with art, or animate!
She is reserved, modest, and likes indoor activities. She may look calm and mature, but she often flies into a panic, jumping to conclusions and making mistakes. She does not think she is special, so she does not want to become a school idol. However, her friend Takami Chika drags her into it.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Riko! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Breezily mature, she rarely sweats the details and usually maintains a calm, cool demeanor. She deeply cares for her friends and puts their needs above her own, going to great lengths to ensure they get what she thinks is best for them. Kanan loves nature, claiming that she is happy every day just by being able to see the dazzling sun and blue skies.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Kanan! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Though always trying to remain calm and collected, she tends to become overly zealous when school idols are involved, as she is very passionate about the subject. She wants nothing less than total success for Aqours, and constantly pushes herself and her friends to be the best they can possibly be in order to achieve their goals. Despite being short-tempered and brash at times, Dia genuinely cares for each of her friends, particularly her younger sister Ruby, whom she is very protective and nurturing of. She has a habit of scratching her mole whenever she is telling a lie.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Dia! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
You is an energetic, positive girl with attitude for outlooks; focusing on her goals. She tends to take action without thinking things over first, and usually says "Yousoro!" as her catchphrase.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as You! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Yoshiko seems to be a bit of a Chuunibyou, a person who holds delusions of grandeur. She's bright, self-assured, smart, and thoughtful. She hates to be called "Yoshiko" and refers to herself as "Yohane" instead, going as far as to cross out her real name in her introduction and replace it as such. She describes herself as a fallen angel who has angered God, because she is cursed by extreme bad luck. She runs into all kinds of unforeseen trouble wherever she goes, such as when she goes on trips it's bound to rain, whenever it snows she's bound to fall, she has never won anything from lucky draws in convenience stores, and she always falls sick with influenza right before her final exams.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Yoshiko! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Hanamaru, known as "Maru" for short, is a hardworking girl who diligently works at her family's temple. She spends a lot of time reading alone and is easily distracted. Because of how she was raised as a temple girl, she does not watch the television much nor does she use the internet, making her outdated. She is often teased due to this but is usually defended by her best friend Ruby, but she ended up crying at first, causing Hanamaru to comfort her instead.
She seems to be quite self-depreciating, calling herself a "chibi procrastinator" and "neither cute nor interesting". She is gentle and caring for those around her but often finds herself going in circles anyway. She aspires to be like Ruby, whom she sees as "beautiful, cute and dazzling".
Due to how she sees herself, Hanamaru didn't think she was fit to become a school idol. However, after learning about Hoshizora Rin and how she once felt the same, she was inspired, then decides to be a school idol by supporting Ruby in her endeavor.
She has a distinctive verbal tic and dialect, tending to end her sentences with "zura", as well as using "ora" as a first-person pronoun referring to herself.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Hanamaru! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Mari has a cheerful personality and often prefers to work by herself. She always keeps her chin up when faced with hardship as not to burden others, and is ready to try her hand at anything, however she does not feel she is very suited to become an idol.
Mari speaks with an accent, and she has a high, cheerful voice. Mari often inserts English words into her sentences, but when she is sad or serious, the pitch of her voice becomes lower, she loses her accent, and she uses English words less.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Mari! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!
Ruby has never talked to any males besides her father before, so she has always been bad at dealing with the male gender. She is fearful, shy, and easily upset, but still has a tough interior, forged by her role as a girl in a rich, well-known family.
She often says "Ganbaruby!", her catchphrase, to encourage herself or others to do their very best. She also refers to herself in the third person from time to time, just like her best friend Hanamaru.
Sing at least a minute of any Love Live song in English as Ruby! Please credit your lyricist! Your audition will not be considered if you do not credit!


Knapp, M., Iemmi, V., et al. (2012).
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(6), 551-561.
No The review states a clearly focused question/aim.
Yes Criteria for inclusion of studies are provided.
Yes Search strategy described in sufficient detail for replication.
No Included studies are assessed for study quality.
N/A Quality assessments are reproducible.
No Characteristics of the included studies are provided.
This is a review of the cost-effectiveness of various prevention, care, and treatment strategies available for individuals with dementia. One section pertains to the use of cognitive stimulation therapy.
"Regarding non-pharmacological treatments, cognitive stimulation therapy, tailored activity programme and occupational therapy were found to be more cost-effective than usual care" (p. 557).


Tormented by bed bugs in TORONTO??
Help! I do not own a packtite, and dryer would ruin my work clothes!
Treating bed bugs in your home via bed bug extermination is only half of what is necessary to eliminate bed bugs from you LIFE!
People in Toronto have access to a great company called Bugs 'R' Gone Laundry Service.
Bugs 'R' Gone Laundry is based in Toronto and serves the entire Toronto area.
They use proven products and procedures to eliminate bed bugs from all clothing, linens and bedding so that when your exterminator is done, you don't reinfest your home with your clothing.
Anyone suffering from a bed bug infestation in Toronto should call Bugs 'R' Gone Laundry!
Here's the deal, Danno: advertising via posts in the forums is against the Terms and Conditions of use.
There is advertising on the site, but not in posts.
You obviously work for or run this business, and it does not sound like a bad idea, but please do not discuss it in the third person as if you are not connected with "them."
I am leaving this post up (at my discretion) as an aid to Toronto residents who may be looking for it.
Please do not do this again, or I will bill you, and your account will be blocked.
If you want to talk bed bugs, or explain your methods (without pushing your service) in this thread, we are happy to have you join in as a participant in our discussions.
If I saw you were pretending to be a "pilot," I so would not have left this post up.
No harm intended - Please accept my apologies if I violated the terms by putting this post on this thread.
You are right. I am affiliated with this company and, in fact, I am an airline pilot based here in Toronto. I fly the Boeing 737 for a major airline here in Canada and my entire (adult) life has been spent pretty much in hotel rooms - many of which had bed bugs in them. I developed some pretty crafty ways of making sure that I never brought them back home with me. I've never brought bed bugs back home with me but I've seen them in hotels all over the world in my travels as a pilot. I've also councilled many a crew member who has contracted bed bugs. In fact, that's what gave me the idea to start Bugs 'R' Gone Laundry in the first place.
I'm glad that I did as we now help hundreds of people with this horrible problem each year and it's a genuinely good feeling that comes with helping people through a tough time that makes it worthwhile.
Again, please accept my apology for the incorrect section of my post and please also feel free to contact me via the email on our site (so it's confidential) and I'll be happy to verify everything that I've said - including my ownership of my company and my qualifications as a pilot.
I think advertising on your site is a wonderful idea! Please let me know how I could do that.
Hi Danno, I apologize for doubting your flight credentials.
We get a LOT of people parading through pretending to be "happy customers...".
I really like your site! Lots of great information and you're really helping people.
We've found that our 'bed bug' customers don't just need help with getting rid of the bed bugs, we very often find ourselves councelling them and giving them a sympathetic ear too. I'll give you an example; a new customer that calls our main toll free line looking for 'regular' wash and fold laundry service spends about 10 minutes (tops) asking a few focused questions on price, procedure and the like when placing an order with us. Whereas our 'specialty' (read bed bugs) customer doesn't just need the practical information (that's very important too of course) but they also need someone to talk to about their experience and how hard it has made their life. Those calls often turn into 30 minute (or more) conversations about things you couldn't imagine!
It takes a very special person to sooth the nerves of someone going through a bed bug infestation and, recognizing this, I only let one very special person in my company talk to our 'specialty' customers. She really connects with people and genuinely cares about them. This comes through (even on the phone) and my 'special' employee very often ends up becoming friends with our customers long after our 'business' is done. I must say, that human connection is something I never thought would become so integrated into a business such as mine but I'm so glad that it has. After all, business is important (we all have to pay our bills) but we must never allow that to trump who we are. And, I believe that despite our ever more automated lifestyles, most people are still looking for that personal connection to someone who does what they say they will and genuinely cares about making them happy. Yes, it is becoming harder to find but it's still out there, sometimes one simply has to look a little harder to find it.
Maybe you can tell us a bit more about your procedures.
How do you keep bed bugs from spreading from the infested bags which come in, in the time between when they come in the door, and when the items are safely washed and dried?
And d you take any precautions generally, seeing as some of your "regular" customers (ones without bed bugs) may actually have bed bugs and have no idea?
How do you keep them from bringing bed bugs into your store? Are they required to bring items in sealed in bags as if they did have bed bugs? Or can they just walk in with a cloth laundry bag?
I used to use a "regular" wash and fold service on occasion but gave it up because I was concerned about bed bugs spreading in normal laundry services, since many people either don't know to take precautions when they have bed bugs, or they simply don't know they have bed bugs.
And I am talking about the customers now, who remain a factor even if the staff are totally on board with the bed bug problem (which I doubt my local wash and fold was).
Great question! I'm so glad that you asked about that.
First, let me explain that it starts with what we refer to as 'Risk Management' and the procedures that go along with that. We refer to it as "RMP" or 'Risk Management Protocol'. You should understand that I treat my business as though I'm in command of a jet, no differently - and it really works. Let me explain; When it comes to flying, the only way to ensure 100% that you won't have an accident is simply not to fly at all - this is obviously not an option as the 'job' has to get done. So, by accepting that, we accept that there will be risks involved in doing that. The trick is to identify those risks and establish procedures to mitigate or manage them so as to reduce, as much as possible, the potential for failure.
The same applies to bed bug eradication in our laundry busines. The primary risk associated with processing this type of laundry is two fold. One must ensure that the laundry is rendered free of the infestation while ensuring that there is no 'cross contamination' with other laundry, employees, the plant itself and parts of the infested order that has already been sanitized.
Now, it would take way too much of your blog for me to explain the finite details of every part of our RMP here but let me give you a brief synopsis of how we mitigate the above risks.
RMP starts right from the initial conversation that our employee has with our new customer. In addition to other things, the customer is instructed to 'double bag' each bag of infested laundry prior to the arrival of our driver. In detail, the customer is instructed on how to 'bag' the articles - seal the first bag and place that bag upside down into another and seal that one etc. .
Upon arrival at the customers' residence our driver inspects the 'package' that our customer has prepared and ensures that it has been done correctly. Our driver (equipped with our own special, thick plastic bags) then puts the customers' bags into our bags and seals each and every one of them. So, what you have now is a triple bagged order (sometimes with as much as 15-20 bags total) that is now ready to be put into our vehicle. By following this procedure, we have mitigated the risk of contaminating our delivery vehicle.
Upon arrival back at our plant, the triple bagged articles are brought down to a special section in one of our basements that has been specifically prepared to process this laundry. Without going into every detail, some of what makes this 'special' is that the area is cordonned off from all others, the floor and walls are painted bright white (to identify any bed bugs that may escape the area) and no other laundry - of any kind is permitted to be in that basement - ever.
The Grey order is broken open directly into designated bins for sorting. These bins are never used for anything but this type of order. After sorting, the 'grey' laundry as we call it, is placed directly into designated commercial washers for treatment (involving a pre-soak with a special product before the actual wash even begins). The initial 'sort bins' are then sanitized (sprayed with our enzymatic product) and returned to their designated positions not to be used again for that order. This entire area treated with an enzymatic product daily.
After washing, the order is dryed in our commercial dryers (computerized) and set to 180 degrees F. for a minimum of 40 minutes. The computerized dryers maintain the set temperature +/- 10 degrees F. The laundry is still not considered 'white' just yet however.
Each machine used for this order is completely sanitized after its use.
Now, there is more that we do but in the interest of keeping this post to less than a million words I hope that this gives you an idea of how committed we are to a successful result.
The second issue that we take very seriously is that of protecting our employees. I view my employees no differently than how I view my crew when I'm flying. It is my responsibility to make absolutely sure that they are safe - no excuses! I do this by having them wear 'PPE' or Personal Protection Equipment'. Many years ago, when I was a young pilot I flew for the government here in Canada. My primary duties as a 21 year old pilot was as a 'MedEvac' pilot. We were trained on how to protect ourselves from being exposed to various diseases and pathogens (blood-borne, airborne). I outfit my employees with PPE that consists of disposable medical 'smocks', surgical gloves and shoe-booties. A 'splash-screen' is not required for this type of process as we do not use dangerous chemicals. This PPE is disposed of after order is processed but before the final inspection. Double bagged, again to mitigate the risk of cross-contamination.
So, what you get in the end is bed bug free laundry, a happy customer, safe employees and a clean working environment.
Thanks for going into this much detail.
Do you ask all of your "regular" customers to follow the exact same procedure, or only those customers who have bed bugs? Are the same precautions taken with "regular" laundry?
The reason I ask is, again, many people in cities like Toronto have bed bugs and do not know it. Bed bugs can enter your shop via anyone's laundry, and may be processed in the rooms you use for "regular" laundry as well as infested laundry.
Yes, I see where you're going with that.
Precautions are taken with 'regular' laundry orders to the exent that each and every order is segregated from any other - 100%. Actually, this fact is something that we advertise because not all 'wash and fold' operations do that! I find that fact disgusting! In fact, did you know that when you send your 'wash and fold' laundry to a dry cleaner (we're not a dry cleaner) they wash it with up to FIVE other orders in the same machine?! Most people do not know this until we bring it to their attention. We regularily invite people to come to our plant and see for themselves because we are very proud of what we do there. Now, our service a bit more expensive than others but you can see why.
The 'specialty' area is not used on a 'regular' order but each machine and the area(s) in which the 'regular' orders are processed are sanitized before and after each order is processed. This, in addition to simply practicing sound hygienic procedures, serves to reduce the likelyhood of a cross contamination issues arising should a 'regular' order turn out to be infested. As the articles of a 'regular' order are being folded they are checked for a number of things and , although it hasn't happened to date, the likelyhood of spotting a bug is quite good should that ever occur. In addition, it is simply good business practice to ensure that this would never happen; Can you imagine how bad it would be if we picked up an executive's laundry and brought it back to him/her contaminated with bed bugs? Game over! This would be worse than almost anything I could imagine for my business. So, the name of the game is diligence!
We spray the working areas of our plant regularily with cleaners, including our enzymatic product and not just where people would be likely to see. Underneath countertops, in hidden crevaces and behind machines are just a few of the places you'll see my guys cleaning. I guess you could say I'm a bit of a clean freak and I expect my people to be the same. Anyone who doesn't buy into that is let go in short order.
As I said earlier, I run my operation like it's jet - there is very little room for error and I simply do not stand for 'it's good enough'. I've been criticized for that (usually by an employee that doesn't want to be like that) but our success speaks for itself. It's a good formula and it works.
Thanks, Danno. It does sound like you're offering a unique service.
I won't tell you how most neighborhood wash and fold services here in NYC do it. But the standard seems to be cloth bags of stuff, incoming right next to outgoing. They use the same folding tables at the same time as self-service clients. Once I discovered bed bugs, it did not take long for me to decide this is all a bad scene.
Yes... that's why we only use heavy plastic bags for all of our wash and fold. It's not eco-friendly but in this case public health trumps eco. Anything else would be irresponsible.
I'll tell you how the dry cleaners wash multiple orders simultaneously - This is an industry secret that is kept very close to the cuff of those involved. For obvious reasons they don't want people to know about this. They do it in one of two ways, both wholly inappropriate and frankly, disgusting!
The first and most common way they do it is by using a commercial 'wet' machine and simply mesh-bagging orders unto themselves and putting multiple mesh bags into one washer. Can you imagine having your clothes washed with someone else's that way?! Just the thought makes me sick! The other crafty little way that those guys do it is by utilizing their dry cleaning machines that are constructed with one very large drum that has multiple metal compartments in it that have very tiny holes in each compartment to let the solvent permiate the clothing. This way, one dry cleaning 'cycle' can produce multiple orders for them. They do this to save money, and save money it does! They can run one 'cycle' and complete up to 5 orders in the same time as it takes us (who do it correctly!) to do only one. I could quadruple my profits by doing that but I never would! My reputation is simply too important to me to do that and it's just plain wrong. At the risk of sounding altruisic, at the end of the day one must be proud of what they do and playing it straight is the only way to accomplish that.
Interesting idea, laundromats used to be very social places in the past and I suspect this type of service will bring that back.
If you have space I would love to send you some laminates for the notice board about bed bugs and how people can avoid them when travelling. If you want to put them up I will also send you a copy of the new book called bed bug beware that should be back from the printers in about 2 weeks so that people have something to read as they watch their smalls go around.
I can't express how much I recommend these guys - they were knowledgeable, friendly and very aware of the fact that their customers are going through a hell of a time. VERY much appreciated!
Welcome to the board. Looks like this is your first post.
Bugs R Gone appears to operate out of "Royal Forest Laundry". That's a Laundromat/Wash-Fold in TO. Royal Forest's website and Bugs R Gone offer pretty much the same service.
How, in particular did Royal Forest/BugsRGone help you? What else are you doing for treatment? Do they charge more than regular wash and fold (which appears to be their main line of business)? How did you find out that you had a BB problem? Best of luck.
It is just what I was looking for to reveal to anyone who wants to ask questions about using Laundromats if one has bed bugs.
Or for anyone who wants to know if you might get bed bugs from such an establishment.
I think it was pretty obvious that they are not a good idea as so many different peoples clothes get mixed up or handled in close proximity to each other.
Going from my experiences with local 'Mats clothes never get washed for too long and the heaters do not get hot enough.
Bed bugs are tough and if the heat doesn't destroy the clothes I dont believe it will destroy the bug.
My locals' driers are sometimes running when faulty, so never get hot enough to properly dry thick items.
So the bugs are still raring to go when they are removed from the dryer.
Its just a Holiday for them in Thailand during the Monsoon.
This jet guy seems to have thought of everything, except that a lot of the small bugs are white, so dark surfaces would be more helpful than light ones.
But he seems to have taken the problem real seriously, which is good.
I just hope his employees are as fundamentalist about bugs as he is.
The strength of any chain is determined by the weakest link.
Oh yeah, living with Bed Bugs.


Demi Lovato gave a chilling performance of "Stone Cold" on Thursday's "American Idol." Watch the video below!
Since the release of Confident in October, Demi has been EVERYWHERE! "Stone Cold" is set to be the third official single from the album and might be her most powerful single yet. The singer previously performed the track on "Saturday Night Live" and "The Ellen DeGeneres Show" both of which went onto viral success.
Earlier in the show, Demi joined the season's top 10 in singing her previous single "Confident" on the Idol stage. The FOX singing competition is of course in the midst of its final season and they're going out with a bang! Kelly Clarkson and Harry Connick Jr. also hit the stage for the farewell season.
Lovato will be kicking off her Future Now Tour in June with her long-time bestie, Nick Jonas and "Stone Cold" is sure to be on the set list! Check out the full list of tour dates and purchase tickets here!


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Q: Is there a uniform compiler error view in Android Studio 3? Starting with Android Studio 3, the Messages view seems to have been removed. Majority of my code base is C++ integrated with Gradle. I would like a simple list of compiler errors that I can view after each build, similar to the Error List in Visual Studio. Right now I am using the "Build" tab which is a hot mess:

I'd like to know if there's a better mechanism to view and correct compiler errors (either Java or C++) in Android Studio 3.0 or higher.

A: Messages are still there:
View -> Tool Windows -> Messages

or
⌘ + 0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Theatre Arts Fund
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Support Theatre
The theatre arts program puts on four mainstage productions each year, including either a musical or opera, and a one-act play festival. The program prides itself on the student-generated work at all levels from production to direction.
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Give to Theatre Arts
UW-Eau Claire trained me as a whole theatre artist and gave me the skills to act, direct, stage manage and teach. The program taught me how to be part of a theatre community rather than someone who contributes just one part.
Nate Plummer Theatre Arts


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using Foundation;
using UIKit;

namespace PullToBounceTableViewControllerSample
{
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    public partial class AppDelegate : UIApplicationDelegate
    {
        public override UIWindow Window { get; set; }

        public override bool FinishedLaunching(UIApplication application, NSDictionary launchOptions)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Salad Leaves with Gorgonzola Recipe where crispy fried pancetta makes a tasty addition and contrasts well in texture and flavor with the softness of mixed salad leaves and the sharp taste of gorgonzola in this tasty salad recipe.
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Tine de Moor is professor at the Department of Social and Economic History, Utrecht University.
Tine (born in 1975) studies institutions for collective action, an interest that is right in step with the current lively debate about the rise of "citizens' collectives". The term stands for all sorts of citizen-run facilities, for example in the energy sector and healthcare, and is linked to discussions about shrinking government and the failure of the free market. The debate can be enriched by considering the historical perspective, in keeping with De Moor's efforts to use the discipline of history to study society. Trained as an historian and ecologist, she believes that interdisciplinarity is one of the strengths of her approach.


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Beaming Royal couple Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have been pictured in two stunning photographs released to mark their engagement.
Kensington Palace has today released an intimate black and white snap and a more formal portrait of the couple.
Taken earlier this week at Frogmore House in Windsor, the snaps have been released by the couple ahead of their marriage next year.
Prince Harry and his American actress fiancee are set to marry on May 19.
And shortly after the announcement the couple visited the East Midlands and performed their first official royal duties together, visiting Nottingham Contemporary and Nottingham Academy.
More than 1,000 people turned out - as well as the world's media.
After a civic reception at the National Justice Museum, the couple enjoyed a Terrence Higgins Trust World Aids Day charity fair at the Contemporary before heading to Nottingham Academy.
Prince Harry and Meghan learned how the Terrence Higgins Trust is working in Nottingham to provide support to people living with HIV and AIDS.
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St Guilhem is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is just 50' from the Mediterranean coast and 40' from the vibrant city of Montpellier.