Nearly 24 hours later and the autosaved content is still available - only in the posting editor window where the post was originally started.
My autosaved content is now gone forever.
How do I know when members have replied to my post? I introduced myself and asked for support/advice yesterday but don't know if anyone responded...I see in posts that people have conversations and want to participate, but the way the site seems to work is confusing to me.
At the top of every topic, on the right side, there is a big gray Follow This Topic button. If you can click on it, you will be e-mailed notifications when there are new posts.
To make sure you get these e-mail notices, go to your Settings (click on your name at the upper right of any page) and make sure you have set up your Notification Preferences for "Notification method to use for replies to followed topics."
To see new replies to all topics on the site, click on the View New Content link in the blue bar at the top right of any page.
The ability to have a custom avatar seems to be broken at this time. I would suggest if you have one currently, don't attempt to change it or you will end up with the default male silhouette. (In my testing what seems to be broken is that images are not uploading).
We have never been able to change our user names, only admin can do that. IP Board software is (I believe) an 'off the shelf' solution for groups wishing to have discussion boards and comes with a feature set which the master user(s) can customize to their liking. Therefore, not all features may be available even though they are listed in the help documentation. Over time, as the software goes through upgrade cycles, things may change. Status updates may be one of those things, present when the group was formed then later abandoned or written out of the software. Alto may or may not wish to comment as to which is the case.
For myself, I like IP Board and have no complaints at this time as to the color of the curtains or the type of chairs in this meeting room. (And I also do not mind people listening at the windows, taking notes and redistributing my content.) I do, however, like things to remain cordial and respectful at all times. When they cease to be, I'll move on. The lack of an avatar is not a deterrent to me remaining a member. Be great if it works again, if it doesn't, it won't break my heart. The only thing I have ever wished different is the signature block. I prefer sigs to be primarily in the default color, font and size and to stick to their supposed 12 line limit. But then that is me.
And things are the way they are because that is the way they are. If I cease to like it (as Alto says) I am free to set up my own site. Some former members have done just that. It takes a lot to keep a site running and have it be a welcoming place for new and old members. Maybe that's why those other sites aren't running anymore, it is a lot of work for some little thanks (and money).
So thanks, Alto, for doing a great job. Things aren't always to my liking but they seem to work out just right in the long run. And I always seem to be able to get the help I need when I need it.
About name changes, it is up to the site's owner and that's fine. There are lots of problems that arise when users change their names.
But the page "your settings" page should be updated to say one cannot change one's own name. Elsewhere it says the software doesn't allow name changes (I forgot where). That does not seem to be the case, based on my trip to IP.Board's help pages. Perhaps that should be corrected too. Not a HUGE deal but I am a stickler. I spent many years working on big web sites in various capacities and one thing I learned was the importance of clarity in site policies. Saves heartache and hassles.
Sorry, that's not going to happen.
One thing I found out not long after I signed up here is that I could edit out my city. I put my real one in and felt very uncomfortable about it. So that part is changeable and I think you can edit your birthday too. You can also put an email in there, my profile has my real addy in case anyone ever wants to contact me.
My profile says that the confidential info concerns how I was referred to the site. I would guess that if there is something in your profile you'd rather not be there, PM Alto to have it vaporized.
Thanks once again CW ...can edit city eh..ok i think i might just move out of auckland to Eketahuna then,- yep its a fair dinkum town in this country!
Just moved to Eketahuna! yippee! Great to get out of the city.
I see one can change gender as well....mmmmh ..no comment.
How do we report a post that might be considered objectionable? I mean ones that do not follow the basic guidelines such as denying protracted withdrawal exists or criticizing members for trying alternative healing methods.
When you are logged in, beneath each post is the word 'report'.
Find the post you obect to, 'report' it and in the box that comes up when you do, state your reason. It goes to moderation, no one else sees reported posts.
This just caught my eye: a new browser, Vivaldi.
Does not seem to be suffering from the 'copy and paste' featureless feature of IE.
Is it possible to delete a thread or post I made as a member? Or is this something only a moderator or administrator can do?
PM a mod with the link to the post you wish removed (the link to a specific post is in the upper right corner of each one) with the action you want taken and why.
It behooves everyone to check their posts carefully before posting, you only have one hour to come back and edit one after it is posted. Mods and Admin don't really have the time to keep deleting posts so careful choice of words and topics are very important.
How can I post a link from youtube so it appears as a screen/box instead of as a url address?
Would you believe I could not figure that one out for the longest time? I was too embarrassed to ask someone to spell it out to me like a 2 year old. But it finally clicked after I did a straight paste into a post after spending an hour in frustration editing the same post over and over. I was shocked that was it all along.
You cannot use the 'link' button in the post editor for that will do just that - post the URL.
Instead what you do is copy the embed link to the vid (or the address to it) by selecting it and then copying it using either the right click method (see my previous postings on how to use this) or else highlight the link and choose 'copy' from the edit menu in your browser, THEN put your cursor into the post editor where you want the vid to go, click it and do a 'paste' (either by right click submenu, browser edit menu or keyboard shortcut [CTRL + V]) and the link automagically appears. When you post the post it is embedded.
If the vid is not there you might be using Internet Explorer and you might want to give it up now - you can't paste anything with it at the moment. Try Firefox, Chrome or Vivaldi.
I made a typo in a post. Now it's too late for me to fix it. How can I get it fixed?
Imperfection is part of life. We need to allow ourselves to make mistakes occasionally.
You have one hour after posting to edit that post. Otherwise, a staff member has to edit it.
However, if it's merely a typo, please forgive yourself for the error and do not ask a staff person to fix it. We have enough to do guiding people through withdrawal.
We will edit posts ONLY if they reveal personal information that allows identification of an individual in real life, or if there's some material issue that would endanger someone reading it, such as misstating a dosage amount.
Is there a way to post a file larger than 500KB which wasn't covered in the response you referenced. I'll try and be more specific in the future when I ask a question. For now, I'll assume there is not a way to post a file larger than that.
And somewhere in all the good information on this site is the advice that if you need to post files larger than your 500kb allotment (for SA is not primarily a file repository) you can upload them to the storage area of your choice and link to them in a post. I have several instances where I have linked to my dropbox to showcase my beadwork.
'My Media' is for managing your current file storage, it is not the mechanism for uploading files.
Is there some way to stay timed in for more than ?20min. or so? If I write a long one......msg. or other.......it frequently gets lost. I re log in and it is gone.
If not I will pre compose and get some speed typing skills acquired during my convalescence.
I am not quite sure what problem it is you are describing. To my knowledge, if you do not log out of the site when you close your browser and shut down your computer or log out on your phone, you stay logged in. I was guilty of doing that when I first got here and many times came back to the site to PMs from people who assumed I was visiting the site (because they saw I was signed in) when I was not actually here. To test this I will leave myself logged in and see if I am still here when I come back from work today and will start a partial message but not 'post' it and see if I can finish and post it later.
If you start writing a message and then in the middle of it decide you want to look at another part of the site, it will take you away from your message window and you will appear to lose all of your text and need to start over. But the 'autosave' feature for messages kicks in after 2 minutes (and every 2 minutes after that until you hit 'post' and it saves your text for a bit more than 24 hours, I know this because I checked it out). If you search this topic you will see an explanation of how it works so you can get lost posts back.
Other than those 2 things, I am not sure how I can help you find the answer to your question.
Maybe it was as simple as checking the box......remember me........when I log in.
Can't really focus too well tonight. I'll come back to the issue another time. Or maybe it was as simple as what I stated above.
Yes....time is correct. Briefly posted last night but I did not have problems......Yay!!!
So maybe my simple rather untechnological computer brain was right? And yah.....related somehow to my browser and safety features maybe...... as today I had to "remember me" again. Kind of off on a tangent but it doesn't save the "remember me" after logged off. Good I guess......maybe prohibits impersonators.
Haven't as yet seen the timer mentioned above to hit......autosave feature. Will wait 2 minutes now......just to see.
Thankyou again you co sufferers. Simple pleasures..... and briefly feeling pretty smart about now. LOL.
I do have a cookie cleaner. And will try to be more religious about using it. Regular dinosaur computer. Firefox. I think it's all working okay though now thanks.
That's the thing, MMT. You DON'T want to keep using a cookie cleaner if you want 'remember me' to work and keep your log in filled in for you. Everytime you clear the SA cookie where this is stored, you have to type it in all over again. But from your remark above, you say it is not remembering you anyway. There is a custom setting in 'clear history' (I can find it exactly if you need it) that if it is flipped causes 'remember' not to work. There is also an addon that breaks it too.
It appears you have no problems posting right now so it is a moot point. Like I said, the 'remember me' feature has nothing to do with how LONG you stay logged in. There was something else happening with your computer that is not happening now. As long as things are working, there is no sense in fussing with them.
When websites started using supercookies and Flash cookies, I (and many others) gave up on clearing cookies becuse there was no use, the websites developed more potent and persistent ways of following you around. Cookies have plenty of good uses (shopping carts won't work without them) and take up very little space in your computer as does the history file. To clear history you have to look up the instructions for the version of ff you are using and sometimes it can be impossible to find in the newer versions because the menus are now hidden by default.
Post back if you have any other problems and we will go from there.
I have created a youtube video on using the site in 'mobile version' and it is in the process of uploading at the moment. I have to leave my computer for a while but while I am gone, and the video finishes loading, I would appreciate comments and suggestions on making it better. It is hard to judge the timings, it is a video created from a powerpoint slide show and I am a fast reader so the individual slide timings may be a bit fast.
After the video is in its final stage, I will ask a mod to edit this post to remove this text and possibly make it a sticky in this forum.
Is there a reason there is a red BLOCK below the names/dates/times and user names of some of my messenger participants? What does that mean? Am I being blocked........are they??
It means they have chosen not to receive personal messages. You will have to address them in topic posts.
Is there a way to increase the amount of uploaded files to my posts? I made an error in an earlier post and uploaded the incorrect file, but by the time I realized I made the error, the 2 hour window for editing elapsed, and now the full editor indicates I can only upload a maximum of 13.3kb (which is basically nothing).
Is that it for this user account, or does this get reset after a period of time?
Go to My Settings > Manage Attachments and delete items at will.
I was typing out a reply on fast reply to a message I had been sent, when I looked at my thread to make sure I wasn't repeating things I had already written. I went back to fast reply and my two hours of typing were gone. I know auto save shows up in the lower left hand corner at times, but it hasn't this time and I haven't been able to pull up what I had written. Is there anything I can do ?
Sorry, not that I know of. I would open another browser tab to look back at a thread while typing a reply.
This is from Technical Support by MammaP. Lost posts may turn up in your history if you turn the computer off.
"How to regain lost content. This is already in questions but I thought I would put it in here too as it is a technical issue.
If you click on View New Content, the link in the upper right corner, you will see all topics with new posts in them.
I've checked out the site and I don't think the order of posts can be changed so they show up from newest to oldest. However, if you go to the View New Content (top right) after logging in there are options on the left hand side, for example Content I Have Not Read. I discovered accidentally (just a short whole ago) that if you hover between the Topic Name on the Left and the Replies/Avatar/Last Poster on the Right, an arrow shows up which you can click on. You then get the option of going to the Last Unread Post, or if you want the very last post, click on the last link just above the condensed version of the last post. I actually Right Click Open in New Tab so I don't have to keep remembering not to close the window when I have finished.
Then F5 key to refresh the window.


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Dream. Dress. Play.: Make It Monday! Paint Your Own Witch Hat!
Make It Monday! Paint Your Own Witch Hat!
Step 1-Assemble all your supplies and remove the sticker from the bottom of the hat.
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Step 3- Turn your hat over and paint the bottom of the hat and touch up any patches that need it on the hat.
Step 4- Once your hat is dry add your Halloween stickers and if you would like a bow.
Your hat is now ready for your doll to wear!
My Ruthie is wearing the Candy Corn Witch Costume that is available in the Daydream Doll Boutique Store by clicking here.
Thank you for joining us for our Make It Monday Craft! We hope you enjoy making your own!
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text:
Discworld mort audio book
The audio quality may not be up to modern day standards. A novel of discworld ebook written by terry pratchett. Although this world may look and sound completely different to our own, the discworld novels explore a multitude of very human issues. There he learned about the fabrics of time and space, the thin line between life and death, and how to clean out binkys stable. Written by terry pratchett, narrated by nigel planer. They need to be quite cheap though as i am a student on a budget. Beloved and prolific british author terry pratchett 19482015 is best known for his series of novels set in the fantastic setting of discworld, the first being the colour of magic. Hi, i was wondering if anyone could tell me where i could find the discworld audio books. Its adapted from the early pages of terry pratchetts reaper man a discworld novel. Tiffany aching, rincewind, the three witches, sam vines and the guards, and death. The discworld is the fictional setting of terry pratchetts most iconic series. For mort however, it is about to become one of the tools of his trade. Its very funny and extremely accessible, even if you dont know anything about the.
Mp3 unabridged i dont think, i need to introduce terry pratchett, the most popular uk writer. Discworld tourist guide part 6 religions of discworld by gythanobbs. The discworld novels fall into different categories. Published in 1987, it is the fourth discworld novel and the first to focus on the character death, who only appeared as a side character in the previous novels. Each book focuses on one of them, although they cross over and pop up in each others books all the time. Mort audiobook by terry pratchett 9781407032733 rakuten kobo. Download and keep this book for free with a 30 day trial.
The discworld novels by terry pratchett are the funniest. All the discworld novels take place on a flat, circular world which sits on the back of four elephants, which stand on the back of a giant star turtle. But mort s heroism seems to be for naught, since discworld proceeds as though keli had been killed, while death has too much fun drinking and gambling to be any help. Well, discworld is a fantasy planet, so very different from earth. Mort quotes by terry pratchett goodreads share book. He can barely handle his simple task of ushering souls out of discworld, but he really screws up when he meets the beautiful princess keli, who is scheduled to be assassinated. Mort, like many teenagers, is gangly, unpromising, and struggling with a menial job in his case, as deaths apprentice.
Presumably, he said, there must be some elementary particles kingons. The story sees death take on an apprentice called mort who begins to learn the trade and get to know the eccentric members of deaths household. It is not necessarily an exact audio version of a book. Going postal is a great introduction to the series.
Discworld novel 4 discworld novels by terry pratchett and tony robinson 8 oct 2004. Mort short for mortimer is a young boy from the ramtops, son of lezek. Mort, like many teenagers, is gangly, unpromising, and struggling with a menial job in his case. A teaser for a cosgrove hall channel 4 animated series that unfortunately never came to be. Scooping crap is not quickly applicable to figuring out how to end up distinctly the errand person of death yet mort takes to his assignments well.
The only thing known to go faster than ordinary light is monarchy, according to the philosopher ly tin wheedle. Unashamedly, it was on special offer for just 99p and the price was right. Chatur singh two star tamil movie english subtitles download for hindi. Mort was written in 1987, so i wondered what a book written over 30 years ago has to offer. Blistener written by terry pratchett read by various format. Mort is a fantasy tale involving wizards, magic and spells. Nine year old tiffany aching was conceived on the chalk. In terry pratchetts reaper man, death has left discworld but thats not necessarily a good thing. Terry pratchett collection terry pratchett audio book torrent free download, 104188. But morts heroism seems to be for naught, since discworld proceeds as though keli had been killed, while death has too much fun drinking and gambling to be any help. Listen to mort discworld novel 4 by terry pratchett available from rakuten kobo. Terry pratchett is mostly about discworld, and this tracker is swarmed by discworld collections. Learn more about mort in the listening books digital collection. The best discworld novel came pretty early on in the saga.
New york times bestselling author sir terry pratchett makes death a central character in mort, his fourth sojourn to discworld, the fantasy cosmos where even the angel of darkness needs some assistance when inept, but wellintentioned mort gets only one offer for an apprenticeshipwith deathhe cant exactly turn it down. He has a decent shot at a moment grant for small free men. Terry pratchett collection terry pratchett audiobook. Thomas paine commentary on what interests me, reflecting my personal take on the world. Mort appears to appreciate living at deaths home and appreciates the sustenance arranged by albert, who may not be very what he appears. Going against his bosss wishes, mort kills kelis assassin instead, which angers and interferes with fate. Terry pratchetts discworld is a fictional universe in which he has set more than 40 comic fantasy books. Discworld novel 4 by terry pratchett at audiobooks. Stream and download audiobooks to your computer, tablet or mobile phone. He was very thin during his childhood, and he lived at his fathers farm until he was old enough to go to apprenticeship, becoming deaths apprentice at the stroke of midnight. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read mort. Pratchetts books genrejump from fantasy to science fiction to young adult books, and the discworld series has been adapted into audiobooks and inspired comic books, fancreated games, music. Discworld is flat and rides on the back of four giant elephants who stand on the shell of the enormous star turtle great atuin, and which is bounded by a waterfall that cascades endlessly into space.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


By default, the dump command now preserves ACLs during a backup operation. When archiving a file or file system with tar, use the --acls option to preserve ACLs. Similarly, when using cp to copy files with ACLs, include the --preserve=mode option to ensure that ACLs are copied across too. In addition, the -a option (equivalent to -dR --preserve=all) of cp also preserves ACLs during a backup along with other information such as timestamps, SELinux contexts, and the like. For more information about dump, tar, or cp, refer to their respective man pages.
The star utility is similar to the tar utility in that it can be used to generate archives of files; however, some of its options are different. Refer to Table 20.1, "Command Line Options for star" for a listing of more commonly used options. For all available options, refer to man star. The star package is required to use this utility.
-c Creates an archive file.
-n Do not extract the files; use in conjunction with -x to show what extracting the files does.
-r Replaces files in the archive. The files are written to the end of the archive file, replacing any files with the same path and file name.
-t Displays the contents of the archive file.
They do not already exist in the archive.
The files to be updated are newer than the files of the same name already in the archive.
This option only works if the archive is a file or an unblocked tape which can go in reverse (as opposed to only going back to 0).
-x Extracts the files from the archive. If used with -U and a file in the archive is older than the corresponding file on the file system, the file is not extracted.
-help Displays the most important options.
-xhelp Displays the least important options.
-/ Do not strip leading slashes from file names when extracting the files from an archive. By default, they are stripped when files are extracted.
-acl When creating or extracting, archives or restores any ACLs associated with the files and directories.


text:
Debates, Identities, Media politics, Politics, Violence-Conflict
Sadanand Menon: Who speaks on behalf of Lanka's Tamils?
20/10/2008 Ahilan Kadirgamar 17 Comments
[I am posting below an article by Sadanand Menon on Lanka's Tamils and recent political developments in India. Sadanand Menon's solidarity for Lankan Tamils also reflects the principled and committed journalism that is so much need for and on Lanka. The suffering of people living in the Vanni in northern Sri Lanka is of utmost concern at the moment. Their humanitarian needs have to be met and that requires international concern and support. However, just as the Norwegian Peace Process silenced the politics and presence of the Muslims and Up-Country Tamils (Tamils of Indian Origin) in the interest of simplifying the problem in Sri Lanka as one between Sinhalese and Tamils, the current wave of concern in Tamil Nadu at a time of war should not further entrench the ethnicisation of the conflict. Solidarity from India should be for all the oppressed peoples of Lanka, and should not become an opportunistic game for Tamil chauvinism. This is where conflating the Tamils with the LTTE (the self proclaimed sole-representatives of the Tamils) continues to have a disastrous impact. The ruling regime in Sri Lanka has given Sinhala Buddhist nationalism centre stage and marginalized the political process to address the grievances and aspirations of all the minority communities (Lankan Tamils, Muslims and Up-Country Tamils). As Sadanand Menon says support for a "genuinely democratic political process", should be the basis for solidarity. – Ahilan Kadirgamar]
The LTTE, by all accounts, seems to have been lassoed. The dreaded militant outfit fighting for an independent Tamil state within Sri Lanka, is said to be engaged in a last ditch battle from its encircled base in the Vanni region in Jaffna. The Lankan army claims to be a couple of kilometres short of the LTTE's administrative headquarters in Kilinochchi.
Reporters who have covered the decades-old nationality struggle in the island know that, in Jaffna, being a 'couple of kilometres' away really means nothing. The LTTE is the world's deadliest deployer of World War-II vintage Claymore mines. Almost twenty years ago, the commander of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka, Lt Gen Harkirat Singh, had told reporters that after a 48-hour gun-battle, the IPKF would succeed in flushing a building across the road which had been occupied by LTTE snipers, but that to cross the road and occupy the building could take up to a week or more, as they would have mined every square inch of access to the building.
So the din in Tamil Nadu the past days by political parties, many known to be fronts for the LTTE, for Indian intervention in Sri Lanka to prevent the "genocidal attack on the Tamil race" seem orchestrated by an invisible agency. The Centre has been served two-week's notice to ensure a ceasefire on the island, failing which the all-party meeting chaired by Chief Minister Karunanidhi on October 14, has threatened that all 39 Lok Sabha MPs from the state would resign their seats.
For at least a quarter of a century, crocodile tears over the plight of Sri Lankan Tamils has irrigated political arterial wells in Tamil Nadu and given heroic legitimacy to a section of its leaders who, otherwise, have no other constituency. MDMK's Vaiko has, for long, built his political fortune in the name of speaking on behalf of Lanka's Tamils. That he simultaneously bats for a ruthless and near-fascist organisation like the banned LTTE has not disturbed anyone in particular, as he continues to forge opportunist alliances with more mainstream parties.
So too are the dubious claims to 'Tamil interest' expressed by one of the most undemocratic formations in Tamil politics is recent times, the PMK of Anbumani Ramadoss. Through the past twenty years of its growth, it has only exhibited caste sectarianism of the worst kind, so as to disqualify it from ever being able to speak on behalf of 'Tamils' as a whole.
One has not come across any of these parties pleading the cause of a genuinely democratic political process in Sri Lanka, especially among the Tamils, which they consider their own undifferentiated constituency. Never once has the brutally militarist and supremacist ideology of the LTTE been questioned. The parties in Tamil Nadu have only obediently echoed what the master ventriloquist across the Palk Strait has made them repeat.
While there can be no two opinions that Sri Lanka is today some sort of a rogue state and should be restrained from assaulting unarmed Tamil civilians, I am personally unable to categorise the move of the parties in Tamil Nadu, and the claims on behalf of Lankan Tamils, as anything but hypocritical, as I have been witness to one of the cruellest chapters in this saga which saw the marginalising, pauperisation and death of the almost 750,000 repatriates (people of Indian origin) from Sri Lanka during the '70s and the '80s.
In two phases, under the Shastri-Sirimavo Pact of 1964 and the Indira-Sirimavo Pact of 1974, three-quarter of a million 'stateless people' of Sri Lanka — the descendents of the 19th and early 20th century indentured labourers to the tea plantations — were lock-stock-and barrel repatriated to Tamil Nadu in one of the most infamous instances of human engineering in recent times.
The reception they had from fellow-Tamils was less than human. It has been documented that they were rapidly dispossessed of their meagre belongings. A few found 'jobs' in the exploitative special 'rehabilitation' schemes created by the state government. A conservative estimate by a fact-finding team surmised that at least 25% died within the first three years of landing in India, of starvation.
It is a memory that cannot be erased. The claims now by Tamil Nadu's parties on behalf of Lankan Tamils, rings hollow.
LTTEMuslimsSinhalesesri lankaTamilsUp-Country Tamils
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17 thoughts on "Sadanand Menon: Who speaks on behalf of Lanka's Tamils?"
ulaga tamizhan says:
Wonder how Ahilan Kadirgamar imagines, at this juncture, that Menon is speaking for democracy for Eelam Tamils. Menon's piece is part of the same script that The Hindu has to offer. Please see the recent article by Malini Parthasarathy in The Hindu. The Dangers of Tamil Chauvinism . Menon partakes of the same logic as Parthasarathy. This and the subsequent stand of The Hindu led to protests in Tamil Nadu, especially Erode. Remember that N.Ram, editor-in-chief of The Hindu has been feted by the Bharat Rathna equivalent by the Sinhala governement of Kumaratunga — "Sri Lanka Ratna". Ram/The Hindu's position on Eelam is the same as the paper's on Tibet. Menon seems to think no differently.
It is not that the LTTE is an upholder of democracy; far from it. The LTTE has notoriously bumped off all dissenters. Someone like novelist Shobasakthi in his short novel Gorilla (translation published by Random House earlier this year) tells us how bad the LTTE can rally be. But Shobasakthi also equally condemns the Sinhala fascist Sri Lankan state which created the criris in the first place. However, when the likes of Malini and Sadanand (or Ram) routinely preface their description of LTTE with adjectives like "fascist, chauvinist, deadly terrorist organisation", the killer of Rajiv Gandhi etc, it is made to seem that all those who even express concern over the fate of Tamils are fools. True, the repatriated Tamils from the estates were shoddily treated. Refugees live in subhuman camps. But that does not mean the Sri Lankan state's blatant attempt at genocide goes uncommented upon.
For a strong rebuttal of Parthasarathy's and by extension Menon's attempts to bolster the hands of the Indian and Sri Lankan states, see this in Tamilnation.org . Malini's position is very similar to Praveen Swami's position on Kashmir. The role of the Indian state in Lanka, even after the IPKF disaster, is rarely discussed by Parthasarthy or Menon. Tamil Nation throws light on that.
For a counter-position, see today's Times of India piece by MSS Pandian ("Change course in Lanka") which, however meekly, submits a contrarian position.
All links in my post seem to be missing!
Malini's piece: http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/14/stories/2008101454490800.htm
Tamil Nation rebuttal: http://www.tamilnation.org/forum/sachisrikantha/081015malini.htm
Pandian's piece: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-3630071,prtpage-1.cms
Ram receiving Sri Lanka Ratna: http://www.hinduonnet.com/2005/11/15/stories/2005111517191400.htm
Nivedita Menon says:
I sometimes despair that there might never be a way of escaping the polarization that deadens political debate. Time after time, politically engaged voices get locked into one of two "positions", and the ensuing conversation resolutely erases the possibility of any alternative way of rethinking and repositioning the issue. I'm here concerned only with debates within a field that is already broadly left-ish, secular, pro-democracy and so on – that is, with voices essentially on the same side of a larger debate.
Now, it seems to me that Ahilan, Sadanand, Ulaga Tamizhan and Pandian are actually on the "same" side, while the two hardened opposite positions are that of Indian statist Malini P and N Ram on the one hand and LTTE statist political parties of Tamil Nadu on the other. These two hardened positions are both statist in different ways, and display contempt for actual "people" as opposed to the people of the Nation they ritually invoke.
But the other four named above, I think, are all struggling to evolve a vocabulary and a politics that escapes Nation and State, and instead engages painfully with the complexities, messiness and ethical responsibility that actually functioning democracy forces on us.
Given this, I think Ulaga Tamizhan is mistaken in conflating N Ram and Malini P with Sadanand. I really don't see irreconcilable differences between what Sadanand argues and UT's own position as expressed in his comment. Nor is Pandian's piece, condemning GOSL's militaristic strategy and referring to popular anti-Indian State sentiment in Tamil Nadu, a contradiction of Sadanand's position. All three and Ahilan, in fact, I would say, share the same concerns – suspicion of the Nation-State in whatever guise and an openness to engaging with whatever a "genuinely open democratic process" (in Sadanand's words) can bring.
UT, I apologize for interpellating you in this fashion, but I truly believe a more productive debate would emerge if you addressed people like SM and Ahilan in an idiom that showed an awareness of what you share.
For instance, you say
"However, when the likes of Malini and Sadanand (or Ram) routinely preface their description of LTTE with adjectives like "fascist, chauvinist, deadly terrorist organisation", the killer of Rajiv Gandhi etc, it is made to seem that all those who even express concern over the fate of Tamils are fools. True, the repatriated Tamils from the estates were shoddily treated. Refugees live in subhuman camps. But that does not mean the Sri Lankan state's blatant attempt at genocide goes uncommented upon."
Now, Sadanand 's piece does not belong in that company. In this piece at least, his criticism of LTTE is not for the assassination of RG but for being "near-fascist". Your own assessment of the LTTE is not very different:
It is not that the LTTE is an upholder of democracy; far from it. The LTTE has notoriously bumped off all dissenters.
He is critical (as you are yourself) of the hell that faced Tamils sent back to India, but his critique is directed at the hypocrisy of specific, named, political parties, not (as you put it) of "all those who express concern over the fate of Tamils". He is also utterly scathing about the Sri Lankan state –
"…there can be no two opinions that Sri Lanka is today some sort of a rogue state and should be restrained from assaulting unarmed Tamil civilians".
I dont see what is to be gained by so polarizing a debate that only the Malini's and the Ram's remain visible, and it seems you can escape from one nation-state only to fall into the stranglehold of another.
Nivedita Menon cautions me against dividing people into slots/camps, and asks me to see nuances in various positions. Thank you. First, let's see if Malini and Sadanand are indeed that different.
This is Malini P:
"These parties have launched a campaign in the State ostensibly to express solidarity with the Sri Lankan Tamils trapped in the war zone in northern Sri Lanka but the timing of this campaign which appears to have materialised overnight, is a dead giveaway. The Sri Lankan army, just two kilometres away from the LTTE's administrative capital, Kilinochchi, has successfully encircled the Tigers and their leader who are virtually trapped in their bunkers."
This is Sadanand M:
"Encircled" says Malini, "lassoed" says Sadanand with more glee which he cannot seem to hide (and merely laments the fact that 2 km can mean many days/months in a war zone). He can't perhaps wait to see Pirabaharan "lassoed". It is the same glee the western media had in hunting down Saddam Hussein. The difference between Malini and Sadanand is that Sadanand, having been a reporter two decades, seems to have had firsthand interaction with IPKF commanders like Lt Gen Harkirat Singh, whom he recalls with unqualified fondness and nonchalance. He seems concerned about World War 2 era claymore mines the LTTE deploys. He does not mention the advance technology that the Indian state has supplied and been supplying to the Lankan military primarily to pulp civilian Tamils besides attack the LTTE. He is not concerned about the role of the Indian army, navy and intelligence in abetting the genocide against Tamils. Just one link should suffice to let Kafila readers know the role of India in this war:
Indian Commander visits SLA's Vavuniya frontline:
I suppose this is also not the time to discuss the crimes of the IPKF, an intervention that was dreadful and meant horror for Tamils. But note that the IPKF, known among Eelam Tamils as Indian or Innocent People Killing Force, is never introduced (by Sadanand or Malini) with a series of adjectives like 'dreaded' and 'bloodthirsty'. The IPKF was an occupation army like the Indian Army is in Kashmir. A mass grave of Tamils in Killinochchi is like a mass grave of Kashmiri Muslims in Srinagar. See this:
http://www.outlookindia.com/full.asp?fodname=20081103&fname=DMK+(F)&sid=1
And like the US bombed hospitals and civilian areas in Afghanistan, so does like the SL Army. See this:
SL Army bombs Killinochchi hospital:
I would caution Nivedita against slotting Pandian with Sadanand on this issue… Pandian's position is indeed nuanced and refreshing, given the kind of stories the Indian media in general likes to publish.
I cannot understand how Nivedita glibly comes to a conclusion such as this: "Ahilan, Sadanand, Ulaga Tamizhan and Pandian are actually on the "same" side"! How convenient. Let's see what Ahilan's position on US intervention in the Sri Lanka-Eelam issue is, following SP Tamilsevan's assassination by the LTTE.
AMY GOODMAN: Do you feel the US has a role in this?
AHILAN KADIRGAMAR: The US, along with the international community, has a role, in that the peace process in Sri Lanka is much internationalized. The Sri Lankan situation is very much internationalized. And what we've called for is principal engagement from the international community, including the US. And by "principal engagement," we mean that any progress should address human rights and a democratic political solution.
Source: http://www.democracynow.org/2007/11/5/assassination_of_tamil_leader_prompts_fears
For the latest on US's position on Lanka, see:
Here, Ahilan is inviting an imperialist power like the US to intervene in Lanka! And the US will bring democracy in Lanka and Eelam? I can speak for myself: I would never support this. (I can't speak for Pandian or Sadanand or Ram and Malini.)
It is one thing to be critical of LTTE (and as Nivedita acknowledges, I am strongly critical) but quite another to see a role for the US in every problem in the world. Have there been 'peaceful independence movements' after the 1970s, after the rise of US imperialism? What are the factors that led to the creation of an armed and dangerous entity like the LTTE? Why was the Left-oriented, progressive JVP snuffed out? What was the role of the SL govt and the Indian state in all this? What's the role of RAW? Why was LTTE cadre trained in India first and why was IPKF sent to kill us and rape Tamils in Eelam?
The fact is LTTE-bashing is often used to bash Tamils. There is a war on, and Malini P, N Ram and Menon can only talk of the hypocrisy of small-time politicians in Tamil Nadu. While hundred of Tamils are being killed, journalists are talking of how Karunanidhi and others have been whipping Tamil chauvinism with elections in mind; the fact is no Tamil politician or party, inlcuding Vaiko, has contested elections on the Eelam issue. Yes, they are hypocrites and one does not expect much from them. But it is the hypocrisy of a Sadanand which is disappointing. Even the Malini/Ram position is understandable–that's been The Hindu's policy anyway. The Brahmins who run the The Hindu hardly see themselves as even Tamil; in fact they revel in their anti-Tamil/ anti-nonbrahmin positions.
akadirgamar says:
I would like to be clear on what I said on Democracy Now, I never called for US "intervention" or "intervention" by any country including India in Lanka. As evident from the transcript of that interview, I call for principled (the transcript mistypes it as "principal") engagement by the international community, that includes the entire international community not just the US or India, on the issues of human rights and a political solution. There is a clear distinction between "engagement" which includes political pressure, debates on the situation, etc and that of military "intervention". I continue to believe we have no choice but to look for engagement from multi-lateral institutions such as the UN, particularly from UN bodies such as the UN Human Rights Council as I have mentioned elsewhere. What I would be concerned about is the disengagement by the international community on the issues of human rights and a political solution – that would be a disaster in Sri Lanka. The ways in which the international community engaged with the peace process from 2002 onwards made a mess of the situation in Sri Lanka (I have discussed this in two long articles in EPW), but that does not mean they can just walk away now. On the urgent issue of the humanitarian concerns in the Vanni, there indeed needs to be much more engagement from the international community, particularly the UN. So yes, principled engagement (not engagement for political games or regional interests of big powers) on the question of a political solution and human rights of minorities with the Government on Sri Lanka.
I am no expert on Sri Lanka at all, and so these posts and the ensuing debates/discussions are a real education in that sense :)
I just want to address the issue you raise, that of international intervention Ulaga. You rightly point out that we must be extremely critical and wary of the US's international interventionist role, and the hollow rhetoric of democracy that accompanies its imperialist expansionist agenda.
There has also been, in the last twenty years, a sort of positivist re-working of just war theory in which international military intervention has been sought to be justified by "liberal" theorists. Micheal Walzer is one such prominent voice. I am extremely wary of such moves precisely because in the garb of internationalism and a universalizing discourse of democracy they support armed intervention by America. And I would therefore take seriously your caution.
However we need to make a distinction between this, and what Ahilan is speaking of. As Ahilan points out, being sufficiently critical and wary of the forms of international intervention is not the same as being opposed to international engagement per say. Because too often the rhetoric of national sovereignty is used by the state to pursue its own against "its" people. We can see the hysteria with which the entire political spectrum reacts every time there is a suggestion from any quarter that there be international monitoring in Kashmir. The assumption is that "these are our people" and so their destinies are no one's business but the national state's. Surely you would not support such a position either…I think this is what Nivedita meant when she drew an analogy between yours, Ahilan's and Pandian's positions as all attempting to forge positions which work outside a statist framework.
Have been following this debate with interest. I would like to post an excerpt here from an EPW editorial which, almost endording Ulaga Tamizhan's position, tells us why the pressure tactics adopted by the entire cross-section of TN's politicians are not really to be looked down upon as easily as Sadanand (surprisingly) and Malini (unsurprisingly) do. I quote from the EPW edit:
"The threat of the members of Tamil Nadu to resign from Parliament should not be interpreted as merely a chauvinist response to the fact that the LTTE is on the verge of a military defeat. The LTTE has been isolated internationally for its many acts of indiscriminate violence and its failure to be serious about a peaceful settlement, but the Sri Lankan government for its own part has shown its chauvinist face in the events following the end of a lame-duck ceasefire two years ago. For all its rhetoric of building an inclusive Sri Lanka after defeating the LTTE, the Lankan government today hardly pays even lip service to the idea of a multi-ethnic society. The ruling political class openly talks of a "Sinhala" country and the military, given a free hand by the government, has been making unacceptable political statements about the minorities having no right to an equal status. The government, in a mood of triumphalism, has shown an increasingly intolerant face: it has prevented media access to the war-affected areas, sent humanitarian agencies out of the Wanni and rejected all international criticism of military excesses."
the full edit can be viewed here:
http://srinivasanvr.blogspot.com/
antimalayalee says:
they are the tigers are now facing the absence of intellectual leadership.they have to develop a special kind of deplomacy in capitalist sense,strategy and tactics in marxist sense.
tilaka says:
Ulaga Tamizhan – you lump together a number of very different positions in your posts, concluding with a heroic sally that attempts to link Brahminism, criticism of the LTTE and anti-nationalism. Nuance is not the forte of those who believe in nationalist and identity politics. Frankly, your post reminds me of those right-wing Hindu nationalist rants that characterise everyone who disagrees as eager to invite foreigners to invade/ bomb/convert the country.
I did not in any way read Sadanand's or Ahilan's post as inviting an American invasion or supporting the IPKF. The LTTE's militarism did not originate with the IPKF, ghastly though the IPKF was. And the marginalization of a large section of Tamils by the LTTE has more to do with the constitution and leadership of the LTTE, than with Sinhala nationalism.
As for the idea that because "there is a war on", nobody should criticize the LTTE, that's a scary suggestion – and it reminds me of the very fascist cries of "unpatriotic" that war-mongering Americans hurled at those who didn't support the Iraq war.
kureela says:
Dear Sada nand Menon.I can understand you are a hindu whose hearts is bleeding for terrorist organisation LTTE.you did not mentioned who had created the LTTE and Why.LTTE was created by RAW and given training and arms supply.before Rajeev era ,LTTE was supported by centre government and RAW and when same LTTE monster had killed Rajeev Gandhi then moves shifted to State government of Tamil Naidu.LTTE is same like Taliban who was supported by Pakistan and now they bcame dangerous to Pakistan.why some body will destroy the peace loving Sri lankan people and their country.time has come Indian governmet and taminaidu government should stop playing the lives of Srl lankan people and give helping hand to wipe out the LTTE from Sri Lankan Soil.It is shame on Tamilnaidu government that they are giving support to LTTE.Long live srilanka and their Buddhist religion.
Actually Kureela, Sadanand Menon's entire post is extremely critical of the LTTE. For example he refers to the "the brutally militarist and supremacist ideology of the LTTE". (In fact the following comments attack him precisely for this critique)
It seems you did not read the post at all, but made certain assumptions based on SM's "Hindu" name. This kind of unthought aggression based on ready-made assumptions does not foster either debate or thinking.
ranju radha says:
Sadanand menon echoes the same "secular" ethos which finds its political base in the anti-nonbrahmin position in Tamil politics, Malini and Ram being its exponents. The violence of Sinhales nationalism on Lankan Tamilians cannot be justified abd corroborated by that commttd of the 'near fascist' LTTE forces within its domain of power. Sadanand seems to be more worried about Tamil politics than Lankan Tamils. His secular credentials find faults only in the 'caste sectarianism' of PMK and prefer to remain silent on how the issue of caste has been masked by the violence of grand narratives of nationalism in Indian context. I don't want to get into that debate now. But, the anxieties of both sadanand, malini and ram seems to that of the "commensensically secular Indian" (read Brahminical/caste Hindu) and therefore statist to the core. MSS Pandian and the EPW editorial cited by anand, has pointed out the political risk of 'homogenisations' whether it be in Sri Lanka or India. LTTE may be hinduised and fascist (as shobhasakti writes in his novel), the Tamil politics may be hypocritical, but even a dissident voice in support of the rights of minority Lankan Tamils to get equal status and citizenship from an undemocratic Sinhalese Lankan state should be supported vehemently.
HNO says:
Dear Ranju Radha,
Can you please elaborate on what kind of politics you consider progressive. You seem to accuse everyone as being casteist and brahamanical……..as opposed to the grand narrative what kind of particular narrative do you propose. Please elaborate…..
i must add to what i wrote.
the points raised by sadanand menon stands valid, though i may not agree with its politcs completely. he does mention the rogue Lankan state and hypocritical tamil state in dealing with lankan tamils (i may be wrong to doubt his concerns).. i must stop here by saying that from the terrains of political/ideological differences, support for minority Lankan Tamils should emerge and put pressure on the Sinhalese Lankan state
@HNO
I am just pointing out the visible terrains of national imagination. it s not accusing anyone. for eg, if someone points out the operation of caste patriarchy in my ways of living, i consider it not as a personal accusation, rather how systemic streamlining and placng of indls in the power structure make me act in a particular way at a particular soci0-cultural context and historical juncture. For me, a politcs that resist it could only take me forward socially/culturally/politically.
Dear Menon, What SM said that seven hundred fifty thousand tamilian srilankan were dead as refugee in India which is totally wrong.SM did not go to real culprit of Sri lankan crisis who were behind the ethenic problem in Srilanka.I met few srilankan muslims and christians fellow and got the the real picture of Srilankan governmet.If hindu led governmet at centre and Dravidian government at state would have not interfered with Sri lanka then sri lanka would have been top most country in Asia.Why Hindu itellectuals donot tell their fellow Indian about who are behind the Tamil conflict. In 1983 ,DMK leader M.Karunanidhi had resigned from assembly on protest on plight of srilanlankan tamils and Late M.G>Ramchandran said he is not going to field any candidates on that assembly segment even he thretend to march to the srilanka .LTTE was and now also supported by DMK ,DK(Veramani),MDMK(VAIKO),PMK. S.Ramdos).Sri Lankan government is always very kind to LTTE and their people because Buddhist religion does not give permission to kill the innocent people.LTTE is either banned or kept under watch from 30 counties ,but in Sri Lanka ,LTTE is not ban organisation.LTTE<TULF<TELO<EPRLF<VCPI ,these all fonts were supported by both MG Ramchandran and Karunanidhi.time has come hindu led governmet at the centre and state should help the Sri lankan governmet to wipe out the LTTE from Srilankan soil and SM should tell the real story of Tamil people in Srilanka. Only i know that what ever boms or mines were used by LTTE and other terrorist organisation in srilanka were manufactured at Delhi or at Tamilnaidu dear
Menon,wheter you agree or not.
xyz says:
http://keralamnow.blogspot.com/2009/05/sreelankan-tamil-revolt-at-cross-roads.html
The Sreelankan Tamil Revolt: At Cross Roads
Human society is a flux. Religious identities, linguistic identities, ethnic identities, regional and national identities all matter at some levels and diffuse at other levels. Often there are areas where these over lap and the self interests of each group get defined at that particular point. Contradictions galore when history is viewed. Perceived interests of one group and their actual realization can be seen to defy all logic. A villager may fight for village rights with another village, fight for his community interests within the village, may fight together for their regional interests visa a vis another region. When the Iraqis were attacked by Americans many people who thought that the Muslim world shall feel offended were for a rude shock, the deeper Shia – Sunni difference within became more decisive than the larger Muslim identity, where many Muslims were seen to rejoice at the US bombing reports. The values assigned can at best be random, for a limited period. The Bengali's strong linguistic identity got blurred when the Indo- Pak division came and Islam became more powerful as a binding force. The end result there is debatable now is a different question. India, a British colony, fought for the oppressors, the British, in the World War.
It is in this context that the story of violent revolt by the Sreelankan Tamils has to be understood. Only a leadership that realizes this can take decisions for a people. Here a group of armed people were taking on a state. Beyond the honor for honor sake it was a futile exercise, just by virtue of the enormous resources at the command of a nation state. Armed forces, huge organizational structure, media reach, international relations, all that a nation state commands cannot be challenged except by a similar force. Howsoever small that state is. In this when national interests fuse with plain chauvinism it becomes nasty. Parochial Budhist clergy getting recruited to Sreelankan armed forces meant just that. Strategy demanded that the Tamil leadership generate national and international sensitivity to what they consider an injustice. Or ally with equally powerful forces. This they did initially but later events negated all that. The 'freedom fighters' were soon 'terrorists'. International community agrees to even taking to an amount of violence, if that is felt inevitable. Armed conflicts and wars are part of human history, but discretion demands that violence is given up at some point of time. Other options tried.
Even when the socio-cultural identities are ephemeral there are occasions when these have to be asserted. In a collective where the competition for resources pit one against the other there is a role for this. How protest movements and liberation struggles come and go. But the strategy has to change with time once the issue is raised, where the issue is highlighted, another strategy may be needed. There are no perennial enemies and no perennial friends. Old people go and new people come. Only those who get blinded by a certain kind of stagnant thinking shall fall in to the belief that there is only one point of view. Common sense tells that there are many angles for looking at every phenomena, society and history. The interplay is in a continuous change. No one can arrogate to think that the transient processes can be defined as static. Many groups that resort to long term violence get trapped in this mind set. Initiating struggles and giving up are both crucial.
Not going in to what triggered the tragedy in Sreelanka, which is too complex, the human tragedy that unfolded there was enormous. The unending news of mutual killings from the island was pouring in for long, to top it was the macabre scenes of children in battle gear. Whether by own choosing or by compulsion, from a people who were subject to a state driven pogrom, this was one of the most painful scenes of contemporary world. What resulted in both parties in the conflict hardening their stands. Bringing in a chain of mutual annihilation, at the heart of heart it was an urge to self sacrifice from the Tamil people. But in a world that has come to be cruel and cold such acts cannot make much headway. Except when the opposing parties have fundamental human values, Gandhiji's doing Stayagraha worked with the British since they had a sense of values, there was a practical strategy of give and take. The island people Sinhalese are of another kind.
For some reason the nobler values were not there in the Budhist Sreelankans, or this dried up after a phase of mutual killings. That the Tamil population in Sreelanka, who did well till the British left, where an illustrious group in ancient history, had to eventually drift to this pathos is a cruel joke of history. But the underlying reasons that drove the Sreelankan Tamils to this predicament cannot be forgotten. The role played by politicians in neighboring Tamilnadu and India in general in this conflict cannot be forgotten either. The leadership of the Sreelanka Tamils could not see through the game plans of Indian politicians who lack any long term commitment. Nor could they visualize the folly of it all. End of the day the feeling can only be conveyed with a Tamil saying, 'On kattile mazha peyyuthu' meaning, 'it is raining in your farm now, not mine' that is all that the Tamil people of Sreelanka can tell to the Sinhalese. Lord Budha and the religion that came after him remains stigmatized, so does the visionary faith of Hinduism. Perhaps at another level here was some kind of a replay of what happened long back, Hinduism and its child Budhism in clash. Mutual aggression has its role, co-existence has an equal role.
Will the Sinhalese people realize it or shall we see more violence in days to come is a matter to watch. To sum up the whole drama in Sreelanka the Tamil issue was always an integral part of Indian processes. Ancient south Indian history is intertwined with that of Ceylon. So are the people. In recent times a series of blunders on the part of India created havoc. Sadly , the political vested interests of the Indian politicians were not deciphered by the naïve Sreelankan Tamil leaders makes this a story of Shakespearian tragedy. Where India, with a major Tamil population, has a role still has to be understood. To trace back the whole chain of events the Sreelankan Tamil revolt started from a series of World Tamil Conferences conducted at various places, last at Jaffna itself. The once well off Tamils were looked at with alarm by the Sinhalese and after independence they started cornering the Tamils by various means. Openly parochial steps were taken to cut down the Tamils. Meanwhile in India the Dravidian movement was gaining popularity. The leaders of the Lankan Tamil movement were indoctrinated by the Dravidian parties in Tamilnadu and supported by state and national governments. In fact Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Tamilnadu Chief Minister M G Ramachandran, who had his past in Sreelanka, were directly involved giving money and other support. With the Sinhalese Sreelankan government allying with the US – China axis at the time, keeping the Tamil population in Indian alliance was felt a necessity. It was the cold war era and India was in the opposite camp.
Later matters went out of control, those unaware of the history of Sreelanka started taking decisions in India. The exaggerated and illogical anti-Brahmin verbiage in Tamilnadu, though the Brahmin priesthood has its negatives, gave a space for Brahmin Tamils in key positions to operate their own stratagems. They were in media, in positions of defense, beurocracy. The chauvinistic trends of some Tamil groups did threaten many others in India is also true. Back in Sreelanka the plantation Tamils brought by the British and the native Tamils had their differing views in the beginning and the native Tamils did not oppose the relocation of the Indian Tamils back to India. What was to prove decisive in later years. Large populations of Sreelankan Tamils were relocated to India under the Indira – Bandaranaike pact and settled in the Rehabilitation Plantations set up for the purpose. These people still live in India, as reports tell, with out any right to citizenship and no right to protest. Huge populations of Tamils fled from the island and reached Indian coasts as refugees and are living in India now. India has her own poor and there was no need for India to have accepted the Sreelankan Tamils back. It was a big political blunder.
Now with the degree of mutual hatred between the Sinhalese and the Tamils at the zenith the choice of their mutual co-existence is doubtful and India has no way but interfere taking the world community in to confidence. If possible the Sreelankan Tamils in India remaining with out citizenship should be settled back in their home land so also the refugees who are now scattered all over India and the world. As it seems despite the bravery there is no leadership among the Sreelankan Tamil population who can chart a proper plan of action. The valour they showed also the protests at various European countries reflect the inner reality. With the assassination of the Indian Prime Minister and the clever propaganda unleashed by the Sreelankans all over the world Sreelankan problem was reduced to one of terrorism alone. But the deeper issues, where it all started, cannot be brushed aside. Being a senior country in South Asia India cannot shut her eyes to the complex issue next door. For south India these are their own people. The human tragedy in Sreelanka cannot remain unattended. India is carrying a huge burden of Sreelankan Tamils as refugees and in the rehabilitation centres. Sreelankan Tamils indeed need a home land. How it can be implemented is a matter of consensus and debate, where India has to assert her views. The inability of the Sreelankan Tamils to articulate their problems cannot be exploited by the others, particularly the now hardened and innately chauvinistic Sinhalese people.
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You are here: Home Page > Arts & Humanities > History > Military History > A History of Military Thought
Commemorating World War I
A History of Military Thought
From the Enlightenment to the Cold War
Azar Gat
Collects together for the first time the author's ground-breaking trilogy on modern strategic thought.
From the ideas of Clausewitz to contemporary doctrines of containment and cold war, this is a definitive history of modern military thought. A one-volume collection of Azar Gat's acclaimed trilogy, it traces the quest for a general theory of war from its origins in the Enlightenment. Beginning with a provocative critique of Clausewitz's classic work On War, the author unravels the endemic difficulties in Clausewitz's work that have baffled scholars for so long, clearly explaining the development of his ideas against the background of the Napoleonic revolution in war and the Romantic critique of the Enlightenment. He continues the story through the strategic ideas of the Prussian-German military school during the nineteenth century, the factors that shaped the 'cult of the offensive' in the French Army before the First World War, and the competing doctrines which dominated naval warfare during the ages of sail and steam. In the final part of the trilogy, he shows how theories of mechanized war emerged throughout the industrial world in the first decades of the twentieth century and explains why their leading exponents were associated with fascism. Drastically re-evaluating B.H. Liddell Hart's contribution to strategic theory, the author argues that in the wake of the trauma of the First World War, and in response to the Axis challenge, Liddell Hart developed the doctrine of containment and cold war long before the advent of nuclear weapons. He reveals Liddell Hart as a pioneer of the modern western liberal way in warfare which is still with us today.
Part One: The Military School of the Enlightenment
1:Montecuccoli: The Impact of Proto-Science on Military Theory
2:The Military Thinkers of the French Enlightenment: The Quest for a General Theory of War
3:The Military Thinkers of the German 'Aufklarung'
4:Through the Napoleonic Age
Part Two: The German Movement, Clausewitz, and the Origins of the German Military School
5:The Reaction Against the Enlightenment: New Perspectives on Military Theory
6:Clausewitz: Demolishing and Rebuilding the Theoretical Ideal
7:Clausewitz: The Nature of War
8:Conclusion
9:Clausewitz's Final Notes Revisited
Part Three: The Development of Military Thought
10:Positivism, Romanticism, and Military Theory 1815-1870
11:The German Military School: Its World-View and Conception of War 1815-1914
12:The Cult of the Offensive: The Sources of French Military Doctrine 1871-1914
13:From Sail to Steam: Naval Theory and the Military Parallel 1882-1914
14:Marxism, Clausewitz, and Military Theory 1848 to the Nuclear Age
Part Four: Fascist Modernism and Visionaries of Machine Warfare15:Introduction: The 'Janus Face' of Fascism
16:J. F. C. Fuller: Positivism, Evolution, Fascism, and Future Warfare
17:Futurism, Proto-Fascist Italian Culture, and the Sources of Douhetism
18:German Right-Wing Radicalism, Strategic Adventurism, and Mechanized Warfare
19:Comparisons and Contrasts (I): American Populism, Progressivism, and Mid-West Technological Modernism
20:Comparisons and Contrasts (II): Marxism, Modernism, and the Doctrine of 'Deep Battle'
Part Five:Lideel Hart, Modern, and Post-Modern Strategy21:Introduction
22:Background: The First World War in Western Consciousness
23:Theory: The Lmited War, Moderate Peace, and the Strategy of Indirect Approach
24:Policy: Defence of the West (I): Containment in the 1930s
25:Policy: Defence of the West II: Hot War-Cold War
26:Conclusion: 'The Western Way in Warfare', Past and Future
Azar Gat, Professor of Political Science at Tel Aviv University
Review from other book by this author 'brilliant synthesis of moden military and naval analysis...highly recommended.'The Historian -
Azar Gat has certainly done much to rescue Liddell Hart from the clutches of his recent critics. His book, like its predecessors, is a formidable achievement./ Brian Holden Reid, TLS, 21/05/99. -
`Gat presents a great deal of historical and theoretical material in a relatively brief compass.' Foreign Affairs -
`but it is not on the military side of its university that Dr Gat operates, it is in the departments of history and political science ... And it is this which gives his work its depth and value ... he is above all a historian of ideas ... he has written a very good book ... The historiographical passages and bibliographical footnotes are rich and useful, the general-historical foundations of the work are admirably solid, and the exposition flows from cover to cover in a powerful and compelling stream.' Times Literary Supplement -
'The present volume ... extends and amplifies the basic argument that Gat developed in his earlier book on The Origins of Miltary Thought from the Enlightenment to Clausewitz, by far the most frequently cited work in the notes to this one. His approach has the merit of simplicity, and those who found the first volume convincing will find little to complain about here.' Daniel Moran, United States Naval War College, The Journal of Military History -
'In this most welcome sequel he extends his study to cover the whole of the period from the Napoleonic era to the First World War. A brief review can do scant justice to the quality of this book. Its erudition is matched by the clarity of its presentation and above all the originality of its concepts.' Michael Howard, War in History 1994 -
`Gat's book must be lauded for the attempt it makes to remedy one of the great omisssions in the historiography of strategic theory. An especially worthwhile result of Gat's approach is the fundamental criticisms it allows Gat to make of the popular interpretation of pre-First World War French miltary thought, ... the second important contribution of Gat's book is to show that the 19th-century European military had a coherent, convincing, and applicable view of war.' Security Studies -
a thouroughly researched, felicitously composed ... work that ... makes a very important point and deserves close attention from students of military thought. - Harold R. Winton, The Journal of Military History, Vol.64, No.3.
Fascist and Liberal Visions of War
Westmoreland's War
Gregory A. Daddis
The Rise of Political Intellectuals in Modern China
Shakhar Rahav
The Origins of Military Thought
Surviving Wounded Knee
David W. Grua
The Oxford Handbook of the American Revolution
Edward G. Gray, Jane Kamensky
The Causes of War and the Spread of Peace
Marie von Clausewitz
Vanya Eftimova Bellinger
Becoming Austrians
Lisa Silverman
War in Human Civilization
Tense Future
Paul K. Saint-Amour
Benjamin Franklin and the Ends of Empire
Carla J. Mulford
Cosmopolitanism and Empire
Myles Lavan, Richard E. Payne, John Weisweiler
Shadows of Revolution
David A. Bell
Great Strategic Rivalries
James Lacey
The Trouble with Empire
Antoinette Burton
Arts & Humanities > History > Military History
Arts & Humanities > History > History by Period > Modern History (1700 To 1945)


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GitHub: sexism, bullying, harassment, and a curiously clean sweep.
April 22, 2014 Feminism, Technology No comments
[NOTE: This article was prompted by the tweets of the developer Julie Ann Horvath (@nrrdcore) and Shanley Kane (@Shanley), the technology writer.]
Last night I read about the departure from GitHub, the popular social coding side, of its co-founder Tom Preston-Werner. Preston-Werner's company had been accused of a culture of bullying, sexism and harassment by one of the company's then developers, Julie Ann Horvath. In an official announcement on its website, GitHub outlined the steps that it had taken to clean house. However, many of these steps seem to have been spent treading carefully around the elephant in the room. When GitHub's findings are compared with the comments of two of their most vocal critics, the developer Julie Ann Horvath and the technology writer Shanley Kane, it seems that much of the picture is still missing.
"Last month," wrote Chris Wanstrath, the CEO and co-founder of GitHub, "a number of allegations were made against GitHub and some of its employees, including one of its co-founders, Tom Preston-Werner. We took these claims seriously and launched a full, independent, third-party investigation."
"The investigation", continued Wanstrath, "found no evidence to support the claims against Tom and his wife of sexual or gender-based harassment or retaliation, or of a sexist or hostile work environment. However, while there may have been no legal wrongdoing, the investigator did find evidence of mistakes and errors of judgment. In light of these findings, Tom has submitted his resignation, which the company has accepted…As to the remaining allegations, the investigation found no evidence of gender-based discrimination, harassment, retaliation, or abuse."
However, Horvath's interview with Tim Murtaugh for the Stop Talk Show podcast gives the impression that GitHub's investigation has produced a curiously clean sweep. Horvath related the tale of a GitHub engineer who, following her rejection of his romantic advances, took a series of "passive-aggressive" measures to undermine her work. "He's retaliating against me", she said, "for not dating him or fucking him, excuse my language; it's kind of crazy where you can't work in an environment where, you know, men especially aren't mature enough to deal with their own feelings."
Horvath had kept a careful record of his behaviour. "There's proof that this person went in and ripped out my code", she told Murtaugh. "There are emails…I spent the last two years documenting all this stuff [so that] there was solid proof of all these things happening". There is a sense, though, that certain uncomfortable questions were left unasked, perhaps for fear of what their answers might reveal. "They hired an outside firm to do an investigation", observed Horvath at 24:47 of the podcast, "but…I haven't gotten a phone call, so…I don't know how exactly thorough that is." (My italics.)
Horvath risked her career to make these allegations, and yet their strength has remained strangely untested. This investigation does not sound particularly rigorous: in any event, it is difficult to tell, since no copy of it has been made available to the public. "There was no investigation", tweeted Horvath. "There was a series of conversations with a "mediator" who sought to relieve GitHub of any legal responsibility." Meanwhile, Werner-Preston has gone on to another company, issuing a defiant statement on his own website to sue anyone making "any further false claims". As for the engineer who allegedly bullied Horvath, he was not mentioned anywhere in the statement, even though it was his behaviour that lay at the very heart of this case. Instead, he was long ago promoted to a leadership position within GitHub, something which "terrified" Horvath to the extent that she had felt compelled to leave. The picture that she painted of the tech industry for Murtaugh and his listeners was one where women, particularly those at the beginning of the careers, are forced to suffer in silence.
"Why would younger women who are just entering this industry…speak out now?" asked Horvath. "We're setting such a bad example for them because we're saying "oh, if you don't have, you know, [the right amount of] Twitter followers or if you don't have a job already lined up, like, you're completely fucked, and you have to deal with these situations and play with the boys' club until you can create the circumstances by which you can leave."
Many startups, by their very nature, are close-knit and homogenous – a phenomenon that Horvath refers to as "the tribe" – resulting in structures that are far too informal to deal with serious allegations of bullying and harassment, and situations which, in Horvath's words, become "dangerous and toxic".
Shanley Kane, the co-founder and co-CEO of Model View Culture, published a series of compelling tweets on the Github affair. "I need everyone to know that what happened at GitHub is NOT an exception. It is part of the script of Silicon Valley", she wrote. "To keep Silicon Valley going – sexual harassment and abuse of women MUST happen. It MUST be covered up. The abusers MUST be promoted. The women MUST be punished and silenced. The men MUST NOT suffer consequences. THIS IS INTEGRAL TO THE MECHANISMS OF POWER AND WEALTH. In order for Silicon Valley to keep going as is, this is necessary. THIS IS NOT A BUG. THE SYSTEM IS WORKING AS DESIGNED."
Taken together, the analyses of Horvath and Kane present a world where scrutiny of the excesses of male employees is routinely passed over in pursuit of profit. The question is how many women have either been inhibited in their careers or lost them altogether as a result of these brutally adverse working conditions; one which GitHub, and other companies like it, have so far been far too slow to address.


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indigoBookschristopher ricks
Christopher Ricks
: We found 34 results
Paradise Lost And Paradise Regained
|November 2, 2010
These controversial epic poems demonstrate Milton's genius for fusing sense and sound, classicism and innovation, narrative and drama in profound explorations of the moral problems of God's justice-and what it truly means to be human.
The Lyrics: 1961-2012
by Bob Dylan
WINNER OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE A beautiful, comprehensive volume of Dylan's lyrics, from the beginning of his career through the present day—with the songwriter's edits to dozens of songs, appearing here for the first time. Bob Dylan is…
|October 28, 2014
A major publishing event—a beautiful, comprehensive collection of the lyrics of Bob Dylan with artwork from thirty-three albums, edited and with an introduction by Christopher Ricks. As it was well put by Al Kooper (the man behind the organ on "Like a…
The Oxford Book Of English Verse
by Christopher Ricks
Here is a treasure-house of over seven centuries of English poetry, chosen and introduced by Christopher Ricks, whom Auden described as 'exactly the kind of critic every poet dreams of finding'. The Oxford Book of English Verse, created in 1900 by Arthur…
The Poems Of T. S. Eliot: Volume I: Collected And Uncollected Poems
by T. S. Eliot
|December 4, 2018
by HENRY JAMES
|November 30, 2010
A new edition of the innovative, emotionally complex novel. After her parents' bitter divorce, young Maisie Farange finds herself shuttled between her selfish mother and vain father, who value her only as a means for provoking each other.…
Audio Book (CD)
+ see all formats
The Poems Of T. S. Eliot: Volume Ii: Practical Cats And Further Verses
Tennyson: A Selected Edition
This is the only fully annotated and comprehensive selection of Tennyson's poetry. Acknowledged as a major achievement of editorial scholarship, it has established itself as the standard edition of Tennyson. The collection contains in full all four of…
Metaphysical Poetry
by Colin Various
|May 30, 2006
A key anthology for students of English literature, featuring some of the crowning achievements of Renaissance verse Spanning the Elizabethan age to the Restoration and beyond, Metaphysical poetry sought to describe a time of startling progress, scientific…
Penguin Classics Life And Opinions Of Tristram Shandy
by Laurence Sterne
|February 2, 1998
A comic masterpiece -- bawdy, profane, irreverent, brazenly illogical -- and one of the most entertaining and original works in English literature The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy is a brilliant pastiche of character sketches, obscene and hilarious…
Along Heroic Lines
|April 7, 2021
A selection of new and revised essays from eminent scholar and critic Professor Christopher Ricks. Christopher Ricks brings together new as well as substantially augmented critical essays across a wide range. Several derive from his term as the Professor of…
The State of the Language: New Observations, Objections, Angers, Bemusements, Hilarities…
|April 20, 2018
"Sprawling, uncoordinated, uneven, noisy, and appealing," wrote one reviewer of the first edition of this book, published on 1 January 1980. "The language is in rude health," wrote another. Exactly a decade later, here is the book anew, with…


I love a good chicken tikka masala. You can try to palm me off with a dansak or a korma but a masala will always get my taste buds going. I know just how easy it is to reach for a jar of your favourite curry sauce or tikka paste but the thing is, I find making my own tikaa masala so very rewarding; it literally takes only about 20 minutes to prepare and the bonus is you know exactly what is going onto your plate. The chicken can be replaced with butternut squash or lamb or beef (which will both need to be cooked for a bit less time) or fish (which will require even less time).
Heat a large frying pan over medium to high heat and add the garam masala and paprika. Toast for a couple of minutes then tip the spices onto a plate and set aside.
Drizzle some oil into the frying pan. Cut the chicken breasts into bite-sized chunks and fry, tossing from time to time, until brown all over, about 5 minutes.
Tip the rice into a medium pan and add the turmeric (or curry powder or saffron strands) if using. Pour over enough boiled water to come about 3/4 inch above the rice (roughly 2 cups of water, to be pedantic). Cover with the lid and return to the boil. Then reduce the heat to low and leave to cook for as long as it says on the package instructions.
While the rice is cooking away, give the chicken a little toss and then trim and finely slice the spring onions (both the green and the white bits), peel and grate the ginger and peel and finely chop the garlic.
Add the spring onions, ginger and garlic to the chicken along with the cream or yogurt, if using, tomato paste, mustard powder and toasted garam masala and paprika. Now at this stage, the sauce may not look its prettiest, but keep stirring it and once it starts looking more like the chicken tikka masala you know (and in my case love), leave it to bubble away on a low to medium heat for a few minutes to cook the chicken through.
Check the rice is tender and has absorbed all the water. Fluff it up with a fork, season with salt and pepper, add a drizzle of oil, if you like and then pop the lid on to keep the rice warm.
Check that the chicken is cooked. There should be no pinkness remaining. Then taste the sauce, adding more heat (with paprika) or seasoning, to your taste. If the sauce is too thick, add a little water; if it is too thin, let it bubble away a little longer to thicken.
Divide the rice among 4 plates and top with the aromatic chicken in sauce. For me coriander or parsley leaves ripped up on top is a must. This is my favorite Friday night feast.
Note: This recipe has been updated and may differ from what was originally broadcast.


The Twin Lakes are located in Northern Bali, near Bedugul, about 2 and a half to 3 hours drive from Kuta or Sanur. The lakes are known as Tamblingan Lake and Buyan Lake; Buyan Lake, on the right, being the third biggest lake on the island. Lake Of Buyan and Tamblingan as twin lake has a very charming appeal. With the cool air that completely surrounded by green mountains, fresh air atmosphere provide a calm and comfortable. Location Lake of Buyan and Tamblingan located in a very strategic area that is flanked by three famous sights Bedugul with Ulun Danunya, Gitgit Waterfall, and Lovina Beach. In the background is a mountain with an altitude of 1860 m Lesong fence in lake water clarity while creating a very natural silence.


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Церковь Александра Невского — православный храм Белёвской епархии РПЦ, расположенный на территории Тульской области. В настоящее время Церковь Александра Невского является действующим храмом.

Престолы: Александра Невского, Архипа апостола, Николая Чудотворца, праведной Елизаветы, Виктора мученика.

История
Храм был заложен в 1863 году, а строительство завершено в 1876 году. Велось оно на средства жителей села Малое Скуратово, а также чернского купца А. К. Кочетова, тульских купцов братьев Васильковых и позже при устроении двух последних приделов князя Виктора Васильевича Кугушева. 29 декабря 1876 года храм был освящён. Алтарь по правую сторону главного, во имя апостола Архипа, день памяти подписания декрета о отмене крепостного права (4 марта н. ст.) освящён 6 августа 1878 года, по левую сторону во имя Николая Чудотворца, покровителя Николая Путяты, на коей земле расположен Храм, освящён 8 сентября 1879 года.

Позже в храме было устроено в трапезной части два придела: с южной стороны — во имя Святой праведной Елизаветы, покровительницы жены князя Кугушева Елизаветы и с северной — во имя мученика Виктора в честь ангела князя Кугушева.

Из икон храма особо почитаема была икона Александра Невского в серебряной чеканной ризе, с накладным золотом на краях работы Сазикова. Эта икона была пожертвована императрицей Марией Александровной.

В интерьере сохранились фрагменты настенной живописи.

9 октября 2013 года на колокольню в храме водружен 12-метровый шпиль, установлено капитальное ограждение, установлена звонница с 7 колоколами.

Приход
Приход села Малого Скуратова возник в 1877 году, до этого времени Малое Скуратово существовало как сельцо, очень древнее по времени своего первоначального существования (по преданию, село было поместьем Малюты Скуратова, опричника Ивана Грозного). Владельцем села был дворянин Дмитрий Александрович Скуратов, вероятно, потомок Малюты Скуратова — у него хранились жалованные царём Иваном Грозным грамоты, написанные золотыми буквами в виде холста, накатанные на скалках (грамоты были уничтожены пожаром). Считается, что поскольку село это было отдано во владение младшему сыну Малюты, то оно и стало называться Малым Скуратовым. Во время закладки церкви владелицей села была жена Н. В. Путяты, Софья Львовна (урождённая Энгельгардт; 1811—1884).

До 29 декабря 1876 года прихожане села Малого Скуратова причислены были к приходам сначала к Большому Скуратову и Спасскому Ершову, а с 1845 года к приходу села Знаменского-Девочкина.

С 1884 года существовала церковно-приходская школа.

Примечания

Литература

Малое Скуратово
Чернский район
Малое Скуратово

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


These sports ball shaped stress reliever yo-yo bungees will help relieve anxiety while watching the big game! Measuring 2 1/2" in diameter, score big at your next trade show by giving these away or support your local team at a community fundraising event! Safety tested, these stress balls are intended for adults or for general use by consumers of all ages. Our products are not intended for children under three years old or for pets.


The physical and chemical parameters of three cocona ethnovarieties (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) growing in two Amazonian landscapes (dissected Amazon floodplain and floodplains) were studied during fruit development and ripening (70 days after anthesis). The fruit ripening period occurred between 56 and 70 days after anthesis. During this period, a non-climacteric behavior was detected due to undetectable levels of ethylene and a constant respiration rate, which were accompanied by a steady increase in sugars and acid. Only firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, and concentration of sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and organic acids (oxalic, citric and malic) were affected by the ethnovariety × environment interactions. The fruits grown in the fertile valley of the floodplains presented superior quality as evidenced by typical traits of ripe fruit (i.e., higher soluble solids and sucrose levels) than those observed in the fruit grown on the dissected Amazon floodplain. The canonical discriminant analysis allowed for finding large differences between the ethnovariety patterns during ripening. Particularly, the big round ethnovariety grown on the floodplains was the most different of the studied ethnovarieties. The ovoid and small round ethnovarieties showed distinct groups irrespective of the considered environment.


Jim's surgery went well today. The physical therapist walked him up and down the hall this afternoon. Jim reports that the shooting pain down the back of his leg is gone. There is significant pain at the surgical site, but they are giving him significant pain meds.
The Valley Medical Center Spine Center is just wonderful. In 2006 Jim broke his pelvis and was taken to Harborview Hospital. It's a level one trauma center in a really blighted part of Seattle. One of Jim's room mates was a drug dealer! If I'm lying I'm dying. That night I would not leave the hospital until they moved that guy out because Jim was helpless and I was afraid. They moved him (the drug dealer) to a room with a patient with a very large extended family who never left. Anyway, the Spine Center has private rooms, and it is so quiet. When the door to the room is closed you can't hear anything. So much better. Is this not palatial? Plus, they do not do broadcast messages over the intercom.
There is the patient waving at us.
He'll be home on Friday.
I could park my Winnie in Jim's room! Please give him my very best wishes for the healing that has already begun!
That is a wonderfully equipped room. All the very best.
So happy to hear Jim's surgery went well. Hope his recovery is speedy!
Wishing Jim a speedy and uneventful recovery!
Such good news about the surgery and the very nice hospital room! Hope Jim will bounce back quickly!


Vertical take off and landing but yet speed unrivaled by other drones. A very cool idea.
It can follow you or pre set coordinates using GPS, just like any modern drone. Also it has a really clever stabilizer for your camera. There's also the option to remove the wings and use it just like a regular drone.
Now comes the plot twist. They intend to one day turn this concept into a passenger sized airplane drone!
And well, yeah.. I want one, way more than the small version.
It has already reached and surpassed it's funding goal on kickstarter. But at this time there are still 25 days to go.
Wow, that's an epic takeoff!
Plz send me quatation as im instreated in buying this quadcopter.