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Gabbro () is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term gabbro may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic".  By rough analogy, gabbro is to basalt as granite is to rhyolite.

Etymology
The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apennine Mountains in Italy. It was named after Gabbro, a hamlet near Rosignano Marittimo in Tuscany. Then, in 1809, the German geologist Christian Leopold von Buch used the term more restrictively in his description of these Italian ophiolitic rocks. He assigned the name "gabbro" to rocks that geologists nowadays would more strictly call "metagabbro" (metamorphosed gabbro).

Petrology

Gabbro is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) igneous rock that is relatively low in silica and rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium. Such rock is described as mafic. Gabbro is composed of pyroxene and calcium-rich plagioclase, with minor amounts of hornblende, olivine, and accessory minerals. When present, hornblende is typically found as a rim around augite crystals or as large grains enclosing smaller grains of other minerals (poikilitic grains).

Geologists use rigorous quantitative definitions to classify coarse-grained igneous rocks, based on the mineral content of the rock. For igneous rocks composed mostly of silicate minerals, and in which at least 10% of the mineral content consists of quartz, feldspar, or feldspathoid minerals, classification begins with the QAPF diagram. The relative abundances of quartz (Q), alkali feldspar (A), plagioclase (P), and feldspathoid (F), are used to plot the position of the rock on the diagram. The rock will be classified as either a gabbroid or a dioritoid if quartz makes up less than 20% of the QAPF content, feldspathoid makes up less than 10% of the QAPF content, and plagioclase makes up more than 65% of the total feldspar content. Gabbroids are distinguished from dioritoids by an anorthite (calcium plagioclase) fraction of their total plagioclase of greater than 50%.

The composition of the plagioclase cannot easily be determined in the field, and then a preliminary distinction is made between dioritoid and gabbroid based on the content of mafic minerals. A gabbroid typically has over 35% mafic minerals, mostly pyroxenes or olivine, while a dioritoid typically has less than 35% mafic minerals, which typically includes hornblende.

Gabbroids form a family of rock types similar to gabbro, such as monzogabbro, quartz gabbro, or nepheline-bearing gabbro. Gabbro itself is more narrowly defined, as a gabbroid in which quartz makes up less than 5% of the QAPF content, feldspathoids are not present, and plagioclase makes up more than 90% of the feldspar content. Gabbro is distinct from anorthosite, which contains less than 10% mafic minerals.

Coarse-grained gabbroids are produced by slow crystallization of magma having the same composition as the lava that solidifies rapidly to form fine-grained (aphanitic) basalt.

Subtypes
There are a number of subtypes of gabbro recognized by geologists. Gabbros can be broadly divided into leucogabbros, with less than 35% mafic mineral content; mesogabbros, with 35% to 65% mafic mineral content; and melagabbros with more than 65% mafic mineral content. A rock with over 90% mafic mineral content will be classified instead as an ultramafic rock. A gabbroic rock with less than 10% mafic mineral content will be classified as an anorthosite.

A more detailed classification is based on the relative percentages of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, and olivine. The end members are:
 Normal gabbro (gabbro sensu stricto) is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and clinopyroxene (typically augite), with less than 5% each of hornblende, olivine, or orthopyroxene.
 Norite is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and orthopyroxene, with less than 5% each of hornblende, clinopyroxene, or olivine.
 Troctolite is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and olivine, with less than 5% each of pyroxene or hornblende.
 Hornblende gabbro is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and hornblende, with less than 5% each of pyroxene or olivine.
Gabbros intermediate between these compositions are given names such as gabbronorite (for a gabbro intermediate between normal gabbro and norite, with almost equal amounts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene) or olivine gabbro (for a gabbro containing significant olivine, but almost no clinopyroxene or hornblende). A rock similar to normal gabbro but containing more orthopyroxene is called an orthopyroxene gabbro, while a rock similar to norite but containing more clinopyroxene is called a clinopyroxene norite.

Gabbros are also sometimes classified as alkali or tholleiitic gabbros, by analogy with alkali or tholeiitic basalts, of which they are considered the intrusive equivalents. Alkali gabbro usually contains olivine, nepheline, or analcime, up to 10% of the mineral content, while tholeiitic gabbro contains both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, making it a gabbronorite.

Gabbroids
Gabbroids (also known as gabbroic-rocks) are a family of coarse-grained igneous rocks similar to gabbro:
 Quartz gabbro contains 5% to 20% quartz in its QAPF fraction. One example is the cizlakite at Pohorje in northeastern Slovenia,
 Monzogabbro contains 65% to 90% plagioclase out of its total feldspar content.
 Quartz monzogabbro combines the features of quartz gabbro and monzogabbro. It contains 5% to 20% quartz in its QAPF fraction, and 65% to 90% of its feldspar is plagioclase.
 Foid-bearing gabbro contains up to 10% feldspathoids rather than quartz. "Foid" in the name is usually replaced by the specific feldspathoid that is most abundant in the rock. For example, a nepheline-bearing gabbro is a foid-bearing gabbro in which the most abundant feldspathoid is nepheline.
 Foid-bearing monzogabbro resembles monzogabbro, but containing up to 10% feldspathoids in place of quartz. The same naming conventions apply as for foid-bearing gabbro, so that a gabbroid might be classified as a leucite-bearing monzogabbro.

Gabbroids contain minor amounts, typically a few percent, of iron-titanium oxides such as magnetite, ilmenite, and ulvospinel. Apatite, zircon, and biotite may also be present as accessory minerals.

Gabbro is generally coarse-grained, with crystals in the size range of 1 mm or larger. Finer-grained equivalents of gabbro are called diabase (also known as dolerite), although the term microgabbro is often used when extra descriptiveness is desired. Gabbro may be extremely coarse-grained to pegmatitic. Some pyroxene-plagioclase cumulates are essentially coarse-grained gabbro, and may exhibit acicular crystal habits.

Gabbro is usually equigranular in texture, although it may also show ophitic texture (with laths of plagioclase enclosed in pyroxene).

Distribution

Nearly all gabbros are found in plutonic bodies, and the term (as the International Union of Geological Sciences recommends) is normally restricted just to plutonic rocks, although gabbro may be found as a coarse-grained interior facies of certain thick lavas. Gabbro can be formed as a massive, uniform intrusion via in-situ crystallisation of pyroxene and plagioclase, or as part of a layered intrusion as a cumulate formed by settling of pyroxene and plagioclase.
An alternative name for gabbros formed by crystal settling is pyroxene-plagioclase adcumulate.

Gabbro is much less common than more silica-rich intrusive rocks in the continental crust of the Earth. Gabbro and gabbroids occur in some batholiths but these rocks are relatively minor components of these very large intrusions because their iron and calcium content usually makes gabbro and gabbroid magmas too dense to have the necessary buoyancy. However, gabbro is an essential part of the oceanic crust, and can be found in many ophiolite complexes as layered gabbro underling sheeted dike complexes and overlying ultramafic rock derived from the Earth's mantle. These layered gabbros may have formed from relatively small but long-lived magma chambers underlying mid-ocean ridges.

Layered gabbros are also characteristic of lopoliths, which are large, saucer-shaped intrusions that are primarily Precambrian in age. Prominent examples of lopoliths include the Bushveld Complex of South Africa, the Muskox intrusion of the Northwest Territories of Canada, the Rum layered intrusion of Scotland, the Stillwater complex of Montana, and the layered gabbros near Stavanger, Norway. Gabbros are also present in stocks associated with alkaline volcanism of continental rifting.

Uses
Gabbro often contains valuable amounts of chromium, nickel, cobalt, gold, silver, platinum, and copper sulfides. For example, the Merensky Reef is the world's most important source of platinum.

Gabbro is known in the construction industry by the trade name of black granite. However, gabbro is hard and difficult to work, which limits its use.

See also

References

External links

Ocean drilling program gabbro petrology
Scientists find the elusive gabbro

Mafic rocks
Plutonic rocks
Phaneritic rocks


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Exciting Press
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About Darren Groth
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The Brisbane Rewound Trilogy: Bachelor Kisses, Zigzag Street, Perfect Skin
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Hot off the Press (Features & Updates)
No Expectations: Now Live for Preorder
Posted on June 13, 2017 February 7, 2019 by Will
You'll be able to get it in installments starting on the first day of summer, but you can also pre-order the full novel for a discounted $2.99 — and it will be delivered on July 3rd, two full days before the third installment goes live!
This is such news we don't even have a pre-order embed yet!
But you can get it right here.!
Posted in Press News Tagged No Expectations, publishing Leave a comment
A NYC Trip to Collect an IPPY Award
A few weeks ago, when I learned Nick Earls had won the gold Ippy award for Best Adult Fiction ebook and called him to let him know the news, I also let him know that I wish our publishing company's budget included funds enough to fly him and his family to Manhattan to collect said award. He asked if it was something I'd be able to do, that maybe the award could be as good for the press as for him and his book, and I told him I'd be honored.
So over Memorial Day weekend, my wife and I dropped off our dogs early Sunday morning and started our drive. We planned to cut straight east, through Philadelphia, to see my siblings in southern New Jersey before darting up to Jersey City, where we were staying a PATH train away from the World Trade Center.
It was bittersweet. Sweet because I was honored and excited to represent Nick, to collect his well-deserved accolades and try to continue spreading the word about his books. Sweet also because Manhattan is one of my favorite places in the world, a city that always feels like a planet unto itself, and because that's where my courtship with my wife was. I realized how deeply in love with her I was in Manhattan. We giggled through Times Square, visited the Strand. I proposed to her at the Cloisters, which part of me is convinced became my favorite place in all the world when I first saw it, nearly two decades ago now, because at the time I had a memory of my own future.
Bitter because last Memorial Day, my father passed away. It was a sudden loss for my siblings and I; we'd just lost my mother not even a year before, after a long illness, and none of us expected my father would go so soon after. He might not have been in the very greatest health, but neither was he ostensibly ill. When I got the call that Sunday morning, my reaction was "What? I just talked to him Friday night! He was totally fine!"
You can probably imagine, then, that 2016 wasn't my favorite year. For all the reasons 2016 wasn't everyone's favorite year and then for that one, as well. I'm sure there are many other people who feel the same way, who experienced loss on top of chaos.
When Nick asked if I would get the award, I told him my wife and I would be happy to make the trip. And we were. We haven't really had a trip completely for leisure since 2015 or so.
NYC Memorial Day 2017
Here's a Flickr slideshow of the day:
One of the things I'd wanted to do was see the new World Trade Center. When my wife and I moved away from Manhattan, the PATH WTC stop was mostly plywood and chainlink anchored with what felt like heartbreaking anticipation, though that might have just been me. After September 11th, part of me ached for a return of — not normalcy, exactly. It wasn't that. Maybe it was just seeking some way to breathe and to grieve. Wanting to see buildings and business there, at that site again, where once they'd been.
It wasn't a great experience, but possibly because we'd gone on a national holiday, and while we as a nation were intended to be mourning those lives lost in the myriad battles fought for our national identity . . . only part of the mood at the WTC Memorial was somber that day. For me, too much of the mood included selfie sticks and one young woman forever burned in my own memory as having basically Vannah White-d the memorial pools. She was there with a guy I assume was her boyfriend, and as they approached the northwest corner of the north pool she stepped in front of his camera and shot one arm high and the other to the ground like an oblivious Saturday Night Live-era John Travolta, smiling for Insta-hearts and FB likes, and my wife and I left basically right after. We returned to our hotel, where a wedding party celebrated and we could watch twilight fall over the new tower.
The IPPYs
Tuesday night was the IPPY awards. After a visit to Fountain Pen Hospital not far from WTC (highly recommended), we made our way uptown.
Well. We intended to make our way uptown. Not before we got on the wrong A train first and ended up in Brooklyn, and then double back uptown to Times Square.
We ate, first, at Tir na Nog. During our very first visit to Manhattan, we ate at their location not far from Penn Station, so we figured it only fitting to revisit before making our way to the Copa Cabana —
Yes! The Copa Cabana! The funny thing is that as long as I've known the IPPY awards ceremony would be at the Copa Cabana my next thought has been "Music and blasters and old Jedi masters" because for me the original has been supplanted by Weird Al's Star Wars Cantina, and I think that's okay. Heading up we got stuck among the Times Square theater crowd, a bunch of people either confused or waiting for Phantom of the Opera doors to open (that show is on right now? Really?) before making it to the Copa. That's how people in the know refer to it. Ring-a-ding-ding and all.
After checking in, we headed into the main room:
At the #ippyawards ceremony! Congrats to all the winners, especially Nick Earls for the gold Best Adult Fiction ebook for Wisdom Tree.
A post shared by Will Entrekin (@willentrekin) on May 30, 2017 at 5:58pm PDT
That's Jim Barnes up there at the mic. I'm not sure of Jim's official title, but Jim sent out most of the logistical emails in the days leading up to the event and did a great job of announcing all the winners on the night of — and there were many. One thing I liked about the IPPY process was the multiple categories, because I thought it was great that, say, a cookbook didn't have to compete with a fantasy book. What's more, the fee for submission is reasonable, somewhere around $90 if I remember correctly (for context, I think the Pulitzer organization requires $150, again IIRC. Remember, though, that I would have submitted my novel back in 2011, so that may have changed).
And what was also awesome is how happy everyone was to be there. It was an atmosphere of total celebration. And there, the selfies and the poses with books and medals was totally appropriate!
Here's me with Nick's medal and his book on my iPad:
Great time at the #ippyawards. Honored to accept on behalf of Nick Earls and his excellent Wisdom Tree collection. #ebooks #indie
I wish his cover showed up better in the images, but LCDs just don't photograph well, apparently. I held his medal because it's HIS, after all.
The ebook group was toward the end, so I collected the medal and then talked to a few fellow winners, Jim, and a couple of other Independent Publisher folks before heading back for the evening.
It was terrific. The Independent Publisher folks have been doing this for years, and it's only been growing; this year was the first the ceremony was held at the Copa, and I get the feeling that previous venues were likely smaller.
What all this means?
That's what I'm still working on. Do awards really lead to sales? I talked to one author who noted he was in Amazon's White Glove program (that's one Amazon has authors' agents), who said his sales had gone from a few thousand to tens of thousands and was only growing.
I can tell you that we're not there yet with Wisdom Tree, but I can also tell you we're hoping. Because it's a book that's been highly praised by the likes of Elizabeth Gilbert, The Guardian, and basically every Australian publication you can list, but simply hasn't caught on yet here in the States.
But hey, you can help change that: here's the preview, and if you like it, pick up a copy. Leave a review.
Posted in Features Tagged IPPY Awards, Nick Earls, Wisdom Tree 2 Comments
No Expectations News
Posted on June 7, 2017 February 7, 2019 by Will
My wife Hannah (also executive editor of Exciting Press) and I went to Manhattan last week to attend the Ippy Awards ceremony and collect Nick Earls' gold medal for Best Adult Fiction ebook. I've got pictures and thoughts on the event and organization, but they're going to take a bit of attention to wrap up and convey best.
In the meantime I've also been finalizing Miya Kressin's No Expectations ebook and building out a publishing plan.
So far, our plan is that it will be available within the next week for preorder for $2.99.
On 6/21, we'll publish the first installment of five, with a new one every week. But the preorder will last until publication of the third installment, at which point the full version will also go live.
I've long held that my approach to publishing is as a reader first, and that stretches to patience and preorders. I'll be honest that when I see one announced on Twitter, my response is to pretty much write off whichever book I'd once been interested in. It's my impatient side; if it's finished, why not just put it up for sale?! If it's finished, why not publish the whole thing at once, rather than in installments?!
But on the other hand my wife has been encouraging me to practice more patience, and maybe that's got to become more of my approach.
Most days I wish that Exciting Press would already be a publishing force to be reckoned with. That straight out of the gate just five years ago, Nick Earls would have climbed to the top of the Amazon charts and rested comfortably atop them ever since.
But on the other hand going from completely unknown publisher to working with an author to produce the best adult fiction ebook of the year — that's pretty rad, too.
Point is, we're doubling down on quality. Strategy. The long game.
Look for a preorder and a first installment in the coming weeks.
We're going to make summer a long, slow sizzle. You'll want marshmallows and beers.
Posted in Press News Tagged Exciting Press, Miya Kressin, No Expectations Leave a comment
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Costin Graur on Vellum: The Best Thing to Happen to Authors Since Kindle
Will on A NYC Trip to Collect an IPPY Award

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Continuing with the summer schedule at the Corral del Carbón, the third week of the program just finished. An intensive series which has little or nothing to do with large format festivals. Although there is not a daily program, it is compensated in other ways. Fifteen days of performances, which, taking into account structural differences, is the duration of the Festival de Jerez, and half the duration of Seville's Bienal. There is no question that this festival is a must for flamenco fans.
Patricia Guerrero was the teacher specialized in taranto and bamberas at the Carmen de las Cuevas dance school, and she gave master classes for this series. The musical diversity of flamenco was on display Monday night with Sergio Pamies and Diego Amador. Both are pianists, the former from Granada, the latter from Seville, and they managed to win over the audience. Singer la Susi is something else. She gave a classic recital, without additives. Tonás, siguiriyas, malagueñas, tangos, vidalita and bulerías. But she either wasn't feeling good, or the heat got the better of her, because she couldn't quite get it all together. Only in the tangos and bulerías was it the Susi we all know. The guitar of Manuel de la Luz, and most especially the compás of Bobote and Mercedes Amador, offered some relief for the singer who had a night of unfulfilled expectations.
The second part of the night brought the dancing of Pastora Galván who is always casting a glance toward her brother Israel. Constant winks to the audience, dramatic breaks and "burlerías" in siguiriyas which was fused with fandangos and sevillanas. David Lagos interpreted malagueñas, a cante he clearly enjoys, and Juan Campallo put the guitar accompaniment.
In alegrías, Pastora was concise and straightforward, more than self-sufficient with white shawl and bata de cola. The woman has enough knowledge and experience to do whatever she wants. Her facial expression and arms are eloquent, and her traditional dance spiced with avant-garde was enthralling. Singer José Valencia laid down the law with his tarantos and levantica. Pastora chose tangos to end, and an encore was based on alboreás.
Wednesday night was given over to Cádiz singer Mariana Cornejo. Full of life and the desire to please, with people like Mariana it's clear that Cádiz cante won't be forgotten. The heritage of Cádiz bay comes together in this fine performer. She began with cantiñas and rosa, with verses taken from Antonio Murciano, and continued with tasty bulerías from her hometown to end with a jotilla aragonesa. In siguiriyas, Mellizo and Aurelio were always present. In tangos, she began with Niña de los Peines, passing through Triana to end in Cádiz and Granada. More bulerías in the form of "Ojos Verdes" and "Si tu me Dices Ven", and tanguillo rap that won over the audience. The versatile Pascual de Lorca, and the compás of Diego Amaya were the excellent back-up.
The youth of Huelva dancer Antonio Molina "El Choro", is his greatest ally in carrying out his objectives. He bases his dancing on strength and heelwork that surpass imaginable limits. Very much in the Farruquito line, his compositon for tarantos was limited to pulling off special effects with his feet. Though nervous, he pretended to be a block of cement. The singing of Javier Rivera with fandangos por bulerías gave a respite for Choro to return and again demonstrate his strength. In the siguiriyas he was excessively aggressive. Another cante break with young singer Juan José Amador and the guitar of Juan Campallo, and again the dancer demonstrated more in the same line. Soleá por bulerías with endless build-ups and closings, and plenty of special effects.
The weekly closing of the series featured Gabriel Moreno. An artist I'd never heard live before, and he was surprising. He's a true veteran, with an authentic flamenco sound. Rafael Santiago accompanied him on guitar, and although his performance was brief, the result was gratifying, especially for the audience. His singing is reminiscent of Juan Valderrama, as is his aesthetic. A singer made in his own style, he interpreted malagueñas, siguiriyas, tangos and taranta with a dedication to his mother.
Rafael del Carmen is true to his style. When I first saw him, I didn't like what he did, full of effects and rigid poses, abusing his strength as happens with so many young dancers, and an overwhelming desire to wow audiences. Now his dancing is toned down, although his foot technique is still electrifying. He has more energy than he can handle, and it subtracts harmony from the product he's peddling. In tangos, soleá and alegrías there were plenty of acrobatics, and endless abrupt stops that broke the aesthetic line but which seemed to please the crowd, and since the customer is always right… Juan Requena was subtly delightful with his granaína solo, and José Valencia who we'd seen days earlier, pulled off a very personal siguiriya with an extravagant voice. Worthy of mention was Manuel Tañé, in charge of singing for the dance.
Rafael Estévez & Fuensanta la Moneta; Andrés Peña & Pilar Ogalla; Rosario Toledo; Olga Pericet.


Host Scholarship Students - YFU offers a number of unique hosting opportunities for families who wish to welcome an international student.
YFU offers a number of unique hosting opportunities for families who wish to welcome an international student. Our inbound participants and their programs are as diverse as the countries they represent; traditional academic year and semester students, academic year and short-term scholarship winners, two week summer program participants and community college students are all excited to become part of your family's traditions.
YFU welcomes Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange Program (CBYX) scholars from Germany to the US each year. CBYX is citizen diplomacy at work since 1983, created to strengthen ties between Germany and the US in recognition of the 300th anniversary of the first German immigration to the United States.
CBYX, funded jointly by the U.S. Congress and the German Bundestag, and sponsored by the US Department of State Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, offers a full scholarship to participants. It counts over 17,000 students as alumni, including U.S. CBYX students sent to live through YFU with German host families. Learn more about the CYBX scholarship program on our Study Abroad Scholarships page.
The events of September 11th, 2001 inspired the launch of the Kennedy-Lugar Youth Exchange and Study (YES) program to build bridges of understanding between the United States and countries with significant Muslim populations in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Southeastern Europe. Students live in the US with host families, attend local high schools, engage in activities to learn about American society, values, and leadership skills, and help educate Americans about their countries and cultures. The US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) funds this full scholarship opportunity for all participants.
4% of the students who apply to the YES Program are accepted.
39+ Nations participate in the YES program.
School Administrators: The US Department of State describes the selection of YES scholars and the benefits to your school community in the School Administrator Handbook.
YES Country Profiles: Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Gaza & Palestinian West Bank, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Israel (Arab Community), Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Malaysia, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Phillipines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, and Yemen.
Established in 1992 as part of the Eurasian Secondary School Initiative under the FREEDOM Support Act, the goal of FLEX is to improve mutual understanding between the US and Eurasian countries by allowing youth from Eurasia to observe and experience the US way of life. Senator Bill Bradley, the Act's sponsor, believed the best way to ensure lasting peace and understanding between the US and Eurasia was to allow youth to learn about the US and Americans firsthand. FLEX students live in the US with host families, attend local high schools, engage in activities to learn about American society, values, and leadership skills, and help educate Americans about their countries and cultures. The US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) funds this full scholarship opportunity for all participants.
3% of students who apply to the FLEX program are accepted.
More than 22,000 students have participated in the program since its inception in 1992.


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Analysis, opinion and perspective on the major sports headlines of the day
Ratings, Attendance Declines Cause Concern
Football is the No. 1 sport in America by any measure—attendance, television ratings and overall revenues, to name a few. But disappointing TV and attendance numbers are causing executives at both the pro and college level to search for answers. On balance, the ratings decline is more pronounced in the NFL, while crowd size (other than with the winless 49ers) is more of an NCAA problem.
The NFL's TV viewership is down 7% this season and 18% from the same point two years ago. Despite attempts to gloss it over, the folks behind the shield in New York are quite concerned. Even more worrisome is the fact that the most important demo—the 18-34 year old demographic—is down 11% so far this season.
On the college side, after a slow start, TV ratings have picked up in recent weeks as the conference races have heated up and playoff speculation has intensified. But dwindling crowds are another matter entirely. College football attendance declined last year for the sixth straight season and is down again this year. Given the fact that many announced crowds are inflated by using a "tickets distributed" number (rather than an actual turnstile count), the situation is worse than the numbers might attest. Notably, the problem even extends to big-time programs like No. 1 rated Alabama, which has had pockets of empty seats this year, and Texas, which had 15,000 vacancies for a recent game against a (then) top 10 Oklahoma State team.
What's causing the declines? NFL analysts have suggested over-saturation (too many games on TV on different days/nights), the concussion issue, players' national anthem protests, and increases in cable news popularity as possible factors in the ratings drop.
When discussing attendance woes, college football officials have tended to focus more on the quality of the in-stadium experience—food, comfort, parking, wi-fi, and weather-related problems—as well as late kickoff times.
Arizona Athletic Director Dave Heeke, for example, was discouraged by the low turnout at Arizona Stadium for his team's Oct. 28 game against nationally ranked WSU, a game the Wildcats won 58-37. Given the emergence of sensational quarterback Khalil Tate and the fact that it was homecoming weekend, the Arizona suits were expecting a full house of 55,675 rather than the announced crowd of 42,822.
"I have to say I'm a little disappointed," Heeke told tucson.com. "It might be the hot dogs are cold. It might be that it's hard to park. It might be the game isn't what we want or the team isn't where we want it to be. And it might be because of television—the late starts generally caused by TV selections."
The problem is, as Heeke and other athletic directors throughout the country are learning, is that it's getting tougher to compete with the home viewing experience. Watching the game on your 60" HD TV, (complete with multiple replays of every play), with your own parking spot in the garage, your bathroom down the hall, your beer in the refrig, and the ability to check out other games with a flick of the remote, is for many folks an increasingly attractive alternative to paying for expensive tickets, parking, and beer, standing in line for the bathroom, and sitting in an uncomfortable seat. Not to mention the added cost of buying a seat license or making a donation to the athletic scholarship fund, which is now required by many schools.
The other problem both pro and college football execs are facing is that a large percentage of the younger crowd simply isn't interested in watching a 3½ hour football game, either on TV or in the stadium. Our 18-34 year olds have short attention spans, would rather just check out the exciting plays, and are more concerned with the quality of the stadium wi-fi than the quality of the football team.
"More and more they are getting satisfied by the alternatives of highlights and scores that are available during the game," says Mark Lazarus, chairman of NBC Broadcasting and Sports. "That continues to train young viewers to follow our sports, not watch our sports."
All these factors have been at play in the Bay Area. Cal had 25,000 empty seats for last Saturday's win over Oregon State. And despite the presence of arguably the nation's most exciting player, Bryce Love, Stanford has had disappointing crowds for all of its home games this season. Another one is likely in store for this Friday's game against Washington, which starts at 7:30. Stanford fans are notoriously averse to late kickoffs, even more so on a weeknight.
Offensive Offense: Speaking of Stanford, the Cardinal gained only 198 total yards Saturday afternoon in a 24-21 loss to Washington State, the same team that had allowed 58 points and over 500 yards to Arizona a week earlier. Other than a 52-yard run by Love, the offense was virtually non-existent. Head coach David Shaw took the blame afterward for his conservative play-calling, which was a factor, but the biggest culprits (both literally and figuratively) were the Cardinal's offensive linemen, who were constantly out-quicked by Cougar defenders who closed off running lanes and pressured QB K.J. Costello all day. Shaw needs to figure things out in a hurry, with two of the nation's top defensive teams (Washington and Notre Dame) coming up on the schedule.
Heisman Update: Oklahoma quarterback Baker Mayfield surged to the top of all the Heisman Trophy projections with an outstanding performance on Saturday. Mayfield passed for 598 yards and five touchdowns in his team's 62-52 win over Oklahoma State. (They don't play much defense in the Big 12). Meanwhile, all the other leading contenders had off days. Running backs Saquon Barkley of Penn State, Stanford's Love, and Notre Dame's Josh Adams rushed for 63, 69 and 22 yards, respectively, while Ohio State QB J.T. Barrett threw four interceptions in the Buckeye's stunning 55-24 loss to Iowa.
Bad Pizza: The fallout from low TV ratings and anthem protests has extended to NFL sponsors. Papa John's, the official pizza company of the NFL, last week expressed disappointment about the league's ongoing player protests during the national anthem.
"The NFL has hurt us," company founder and CEO John Schnatter said. "We are disappointed the NFL and its leadership did not resolve this. Leadership starts at the top, and this is an example of poor leadership."
Papa John's released lower sales figures and blamed the NFL for the decline. Ironically, these same issues didn't seem to affect another league sponsor, Anheuser-Busch, whose revenues climbed 3.6%.
One can only surmise that pizza lovers are more upset about anthem protests than beer drinkers.
Stanford Football
Bryce Love
Gary Cavalli - Bowl and League co-founder, author, speaker
Gary Cavalli, the former Sports Information Director and Associate Athletic Director at Stanford University, was co-founder and executive director of the college football bowl game played in the Bay Area, and previously was co-founder and President of the American Basketball League.
Get in touch//@cavalli49//gacavalli49@gmail.com


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Strait of Messina passengers
Strait of Messina commercial vehicles
Onde Sonore
Caronte & Tourist S.p.A. customer privacy policy
Caronte & Tourist » Caronte & Tourist S.p.A. customer privacy policy
Cartour S.r.l. customer privacy policy
Caronte & Tourist Isole minori S.p.A. customer privacy policy
Work with us Privacy Policy
Privacy policy for issuing an electronic bill
Complaints Privacy Policy
Information pursuant to and for the purposes of the New European Regulation - GDPR 2016/679 -
(personal data protection)
Below we provide some information about the processing of your personal data.
The personal data controller is Caronte & Tourist S.p.A., which can be contacted at:
e-mail address: privacy.gruppo@carontetourist.it
phone number: 090/3718511
The company has appointed a Data Protection Officer, pursuant to Art. 39 Regulation (EU) 2016/679, who can be contacted at the data controller's office or via the e-mail address dpo@carontetourist.it.
The processing concerns the following personal data pursuant to Article 4, No. 1, GDPR:
personal and identification data (full name, tax code, place and date of birth);
contact data (residential address, e-mail address, billing address, telephone number);
Purposes and legal bases of processing
Your data is processed for the following purposes:
Legal basis for data processing
Booking, sale and accounting of travel tickets
Contact with the User for reasons related to the trip booked/purchased
Management of advanced requests through a dedicated call centre
Communications on board the ship and providing purchased services on board the ship
Processing necessary for the execution of a contract to which the data subject is party or for the execution of pre-contractual measures (Article 6, paragraph 1, letter b, GDPR)
Transmission of your data to maritime agencies, terminals and port authorities, judicial authorities and law enforcement agencies
Assistance for people with reduced mobility
Processing necessary to fulfil a legal obligation to which the data controller is subject (Article 6, paragraph 1, letter c, GDPR)
Implementation of customer satisfaction surveys
Processing based on consent (Article 6, paragraph 1, letter a, GDPR)
Implementation of generic marketing initiatives
Necessity or Optionality of the Processing
The provision of personal data for the purposes referred to in letters a) and b) above is necessary for the purpose of completing the travel contract, therefore any refusal to supply it in whole or in part may result in it being impossible for the Company to conclude the contract.
The provision of data for the purposes referred to in letters c) and d) above is optional; failure to provide data will prevent the company, respectively, from carrying out customer satisfaction surveys and implementing generic marketing initiatives.
Personal data may be communicated, strictly related to the purposes indicated above, to the following entities or categories of entities:
Individuals authorised in writing by the Company/data controller pursuant to Article 29 of the Regulation due to the performance of their work duties (e.g. employees in the General Secretariat, Administration, IT);
entities in relation to which the current legislation (for example tax and accounting) involves the obligation of communication, including public bodies
Public authorities pursuant to Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport Circular No. 104/2014 in compliance with Directive 98/41/EC (i.e. harbour master's office and port authority);
Judicial authorities and law enforcement agencies;
Ticket offices, terminals and maritime agencies for the organisation of embarkation/disembarkation activities;
Law firms, in the event that disputes should arise;
Insurance companies both when booking tickets and when making complaints;
Experts in the complaint phase;
Companies providing other services essential to the provision of the maritime transport service or the performance of marketing activities, also subject to your explicit consent, such as site hosting and web systems, e-mail services, marketing, sponsorship of prize competitions and other promotions, audit services, data analysis, market research and satisfaction surveys.
Personal data is collected at the time of booking/purchasing the ticket, in written or electronic form. The processing is carried out with paper methods and IT tools in compliance with the provisions regarding the protection of personal data and, in particular, the appropriate technical and organisational measures pursuant to Article 32.1 of the Regulation, and with the observance of every precautionary measure that guarantees its integrity, confidentiality and availability.
Personal data stored on a computer database is accessible only to the individuals identified (the manager and their appointees), through personal access keys.
Your data will be kept until 31 December of the second year following the trip, for administrative and accounting reasons.
At the end of the indicated period, your Personal Data will be deleted from the database and from any other paper or electronic archiving device.
In the event that a dispute arises between the Company/data controller and the data subject, the retention period will be extended for the entire duration of this dispute and for the 10 years following its definitive resolution (e.g. settlement agreement or final ruling).
Rights of the data subject pursuant to Articles 15-22 of EU Regulation - GDPR 2016/679
Pursuant to the relevant legislation, your rights and the way these are exercised are listed below.
Right of access - The data subject can ask at any time what kind of data the data controller possesses; the origin, the purposes, the categories of data; the recipients; the existence of a profiling process; the retention period.
Right of rectification - The data subject may request the rectification and/or integration of their data at any time, and the data controller will be obliged to communicate these changes to third parties to whom the data has been transmitted.
Right to be forgotten - The data subject may request the deletion of data at any time if: the purpose of the processing has been concluded; consent has been revoked; there has been opposition to the processing; it has been processed in violation of the law. The data controller will be obliged to communicate these changes to third parties to whom the data has been transmitted.
Right to limitation of processing - The data subject may at any time request limitation of the processing: in the case of inaccurate data until rectification; in the case of dispute until clarification; on request, as an alternative to deletion.
Right of objection - The data subject has the right to object to the use of personal data for automated processing.
Right of portability - The data subject can exercise this right only regarding data processed for contractual purposes and with automated means, and except when it damages the rights and freedoms of others.
Data subject request procedures
The data subject may exercise the above rights at any time by sending an e-mail to: privacy.gruppo@carontetourist.it.
The data subject has the right to complain to the Data Protection Authority on the basis of the indications referred to in the link https://www.garanteprivacy.it/garante/doc.jsp?ID=4535524 or to any other supervisory authority.
98121 Messina - Italy
€. 2,374,310.00


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Memory Beta articles sourced from episodes and movies, Memory Beta articles sourced from novels, Memory Beta articles sourced from RPGs,
The Bajoran wormhole, located in the Bajor system.
A Federation artificial wormhole.
A wormhole is a conduit in space that connects two points of space-time together through subspace. A wormhole has a mouth at each end of the conduit that allows anything to travel through it. If a large enough, or stable enough wormhole is found then starships can pass through the wormhole and travel a great distance in relatively little time.
A wormhole-like phenomenon is created by a warp drive if the engines are not properly calibrated or balanced. These phenomena are highly unstable and dangerous. (TOS movie: Star Trek: The Motion Picture)
Studies showed that in order for the construction of an artificial wormhole to be possible, one would be required to construct a Verteron collider of at least eight kilometers in length. Another notable problem was not the size of the machinery involved but instead was the exotic construction material needed in order to create a permanent site. The mouth of an artificial wormhole with its outward radial pressure had tremendous tidal tension which was similar to the center of a massive neutron star. Thus, any building material would need to stand up to that kind of pressure for the wormhole to continue being stable. (DS9 novel: Behind Enemy Lines)
No natural stable wormholes have yet been discovered in the Alpha or Beta Quadrants.
A wormhole in Andorian space existed before collapsing in 2069; it left behind an ion-plasma energy field. During its existence, the wormhole prevented the Andorians from achieving space travel for many years. (Last Unicorn RPG module: All Our Yesterdays: The Time Travel Sourcebook)
In 2366, it was believed that the Barzan wormhole discovered near Barzan II was a stable passage between the Alpha and Gamma Quadrants. The Barzans opened up bidding for the wormhole and the Federation and the Ferengi Alliance were the principal bidders. However, tests by the crew of the USS Enterprise-D revealed that while the Alpha "end" was stable, the other end was constantly moving around, which resulted in a Ferengi team being stranded in the Delta Quadrant. (TNG episode: "The Price")
In the final year of the Occupation of Bajor, the Obsidian Order agent Leej Terrel of the Applied Science Directorate discovered one of the Red Orbs of Jalbador and attempted to use it to make artificial wormholes for the Cardassian Union. However, an incident during the evacuation of Terok Nor forced her to abandon her experiments. (DS9 novel: Millennium)
The only known artificially stable wormhole, the Bajoran wormhole, was discovered in the Denorios Belt of the Bajor system by Commander Benjamin Sisko in 2369. Sisko discovered that the wormhole had been constructed by the Prophets, and they would allow traffic to pass through the wormhole into the Gamma Quadrant. (DS9 episode: "Emissary")
The alien race known as the Shepherds were known to dwell within wormholes and had the capacity to manipulate them. (VOY novel: Cloak and Dagger) The Romulan Star Empire began research into the creation of stable artificial wormholes with some success being made by Telek R'Mor. He was later aided in his research by the rogue Shepherd Ambassador Lhaiu. (VOY novel: Ghost Dance)
The ancient Furies who were banished to the Delta Quadrant had the knowledge to create an artificial wormhole by destroying their star which created a subspace explosion that produced a shortly-lived but stable wormhole across quadrants. (VOY novel: The Final Fury)
In 2373, the Dominion was working on creating an artificial wormhole on the other side of the Badlands near Sector 283. (DS9 novel: Behind Enemy Lines)
The Caeliar were able to produce wormhole-like subspace tunnels for observation and communication with distant galaxies. (ST - Destiny novel: Gods of Night)
Wormhole article at Memory Alpha, the wiki for canon Star Trek.
Wormhole article at Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Retrieved from "https://memory-beta.fandom.com/wiki/Wormhole?oldid=636257"
Memory Beta articles sourced from episodes and movies


When Ralph K. Cappola founded Main Street Architects in 1982 he was determined to produce high-quality design, while working closely with clients to stay within the parameters of budget and time. This approach, has resulted in an end product that can be defined by one crucial word, value. In fact, a sure indication that value is still highly regarded and sought after can be seen in the tremendous growth the firm has enjoyed over the years.


We've got snapshots from one of our friends. He compared the new Xpro 2 transmitter to the old one.
As we reported earlier, Flashpoint from Adorama (which is the overseas version of Godox) has updated their flagship radio transmitter. Unfortunately we still have no information whether it will be available in Europe or not, but here is a size comparison of the Flashpoint R2 Pro Mark II ("Godox" XPro II) and the old Godox XPro we already know.
You can see that not only the user interface has been changed, but the transmitter housing has become bigger as well…and not just a bit. It seems huge to me.
Next articleManual AD600PRO is coming?


The Minister for Competitiveness (Mr. Alan Johnson): Discussions with the banks are at an advanced stage. I hope that they will be resolved shortly.
"can appreciate concern expressed as to the source of funding. In evidence to us a recurring annual figure of around £150 million was mentioned by the Post Office. That is on the low side. The back office costs will indeed be substantial."
Will he tell us just how much this will cost the taxpayer? The House has a right to know.
Mr. Eric Forth (Bromley and Chislehurst): Still!
Post Office and in the war against financial exclusion. We will continue to work on this matter over the weekend--apart from Monday, of course, which is a universal bank holiday.
Dr. Vincent Cable (Twickenham): Will the Minister confirm the significance of the concession that he is reported to have made to the banks, and to Halifax in particular, on not allowing branded bank accounts to be opened in Post Office branches? Does not that mean that the very large number of financially excluded people in inner-city and remote rural areas who do not have access to a bank branch will be restricted to the limited facilities of the card account and will not have the bill-paying accounts that they had anticipated?
Mr. Johnson: No; the hon. Gentleman is wrong. The discussions are subject to commercial confidentiality. When they are concluded, they will be revealed. Our aim is that people will not have to go to banks to open their accounts. They can start the process at their post office without needing to visit a bank. A very important point that was made in the Cruickshank report is that many people feel inhibited by having to go the banks, whereas they trust the post office.
I can assure the hon. Gentleman and all hon. Members that the universal banking services will be a major step forward, and that the very people whom he mentions--the socially and financially excluded--will be able to have the benefits of direct debit, which we assess at up to £200 usage a year, as a result of being able to access those services.
Mr. Francis Maude (Horsham) (by private notice): To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs if he will make a statement on Government policy towards ballistic missile defence.
The Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Mr. Robin Cook): When my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister met President Bush at Camp David, he stressed the importance of taking forward proposals for missile defence through close consultation with allies and through dialogue with Russia.
On Tuesday, President Bush made a statement--[Interruption.] If I may say so, this is a serious matter that I am endeavouring to take seriously. On Tuesday, President Bush made a statement on his Administration's plans on how to proceed with missile defence. We warmly welcome the strong emphasis placed by President Bush on consultation with close allies. We look forward to discussions next week with the high-level team that he is sending to Europe.
We also welcome the commitment to dialogue with Russia in order to develop a new co-operative relationship that is based on openness and mutual confidence. President Putin has also demonstrated his concern about the missile threat from rogue states, and his security adviser recently briefed NATO on Russian proposals for missile defence. We will encourage both the United States and Russia to have constructive dialogue to reach agreement on how to tackle the problem that both have identified.
We also warmly welcome the commitment by President Bush to further cuts in nuclear weapons. We want nuclear arms reduction to be a feature of the new relationship that the United States seeks with Russia.
It should be stressed that President Bush's speech was a commitment to a future goal. The technology for missile defence will take some years to develop and the United States has yet to confirm which technical option it will pursue. Nor do we yet know the diplomatic context of any final decision, such as the potential for agreement with Russia.
"We need to obstruct and deter these new threats."
In the years that it will take for missile defence to be developed, we will work closely with the US, both to reduce proliferation of ballistic missile technology and to enhance security against those ballistic missiles.
Mr. Maude: Ballistic missile defence is a subject of intense interest and concern throughout the House. Yesterday, the Prime Minister deliberately equivocated when questioned on the subject in the Chamber by my right hon. Friend the Member for Richmond, Yorks (Mr. Hague) and the hon. Member for Barnsley, West and Penistone (Mr. Clapham). Not 10 minutes later, his official spokesman said that missile defence was a good idea. The House is entitled to feel extremely angry that it is treated in that way.
Next week, a delegation from Washington comes to London to discuss precisely this matter. Given the overwhelming importance of the issue, and the absolute necessity of the British Government speaking with a single and authoritative voice, will the Foreign Secretary now repeat, word for word, what the Prime Minister's official spokesman said yesterday? How otherwise can Britain expect to have influence with either America or our European partners? Does he believe that British people should have less protection against missile attack than people in America?
Mr. Cook: I am entirely happy to endorse everything that was said by the Prime Minister in the House yesterday when he stressed that it is impossible to give a firm answer until we have firm details. The Opposition's position is that, although we do not yet know whether the system will be sea-based or land-based, whether it will attempt to hit an incoming missile in the boost phase or in the re-entry phase, or whether it will be done with or without agreement, they know the answer that they would give. That is a betrayal of the national interest and of any influence that one may hope to have on the proposal.
Mr. Speaker: Order. Let the Minister reply.
Mr. Cook: I do think that it is a good thing that the United States President should be able to say to the United States people that they are secure against any ballistic attack. It may or may not be that missile defence will play a part in that, but, as the Prime Minister's official spokesman said yesterday, nothing is inevitable and no answer can be given by Britain until we know the details; and, in that context, the position taken by the Government to look at the detail and the international context and to take a decision in the national interest compares responsibly and favourably with the position taken by the Opposition, who have adopted an attitude that plainly means that they do not expect to be in government, do not have any intention of taking a responsible approach to the issue, and would put their own party prejudice first rather than the national interest.
Mr. Donald Anderson (Swansea, East): Last August, the all-party Select Committee on Foreign Affairs unanimously agreed a report in which we urged the Government to make it clear to the US Administration that they should not necessarily assume unqualified UK co-operation in national missile defence and urged the Government to articulate Britain's strong concerns about NMD.
The Government, in their reply in August 2000, said, in terms, that they value the stability that the anti-ballistic missile treaty provides. Is that still the Government's position? What does consultation mean in practice? What is the agenda? Will my right hon. Friend say clearly that the position taken by the Leader of the Opposition, giving a blank cheque--a yes--to whatever the US Administration says, is absurd?


As the Holy Father makes a pastoral visit to Cuba, we call to mind the many years of oppression and religious persecution suffered by the Cuban people at the hands of the Castro regime. In solidarity with our brothers and sisters in Cuba, we pray that some day they may have a society that is more open to religious freedom and more respectful of their human rights. We also celebrate the ingenuity and creativity of Cuban people everywhere, whose pursuit of education, excellence, and family life have made them exemplary members of the human family.
View statements like this and other coverage of the pope's visit on our Papal Visit page.


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Whether It's Hiroshima's Supposed 'A-Bomb' or the Hadron Collider, Big Science's Main Product Is Propaganda
By Daily Bell Staff - June 16, 2016
China's Supercollider Higgs Factory Will Be Twice The Size Of CERN's Large Hadron Collider … China could soon rival Europe and the U.S. as a global leader in the field of particle physics. The world's most populous country now also aims to build the world's most powerful supercollider to have a better understanding of the Higgs boson, the so-called god-particle. –Tech Times
China wants to build the biggest supercollider in the world and over in Switzerland, CERN reportedly wants to build a much larger supercollider as well.
We live in an era of Big Science that makes it clear only government and mega-corporations have the wherewithal to make scientific advances.
Space travel, nuclear weapons and the Hadron supercollider itself are all testimony to the necessity of the billions of dollars and thousands of scientific minds one needs to make a breakthrough.
Such bigness celebrates the cult of "scientism" (AKA corporatism) managed by aggregations of technocrats schooled at the best universities and propelled by the dogma of internationalism.
This is how global governance is built, piece by questionable piece. The claims of Big Science are often questionable, exaggerated or even faked. The goal is to make sure that people passively accept what they're told.
The supposed mile-long structures of the Manhattan Project to purify uranium, the fantastic facilities of NASA or the vast, ever-enlarging spheres of supercolliders, these constitute the theater of Big Science.
Big Finance is especially prone to such displays. Heaven forbid average people would try to create their own money. (Though certainly almost anyone could do a better job.)
The imposing granite and glass structures of modern central banking are intended to give an inviolable impression of power and infallibility – until one realizes that half the world is bankrupt.
And then there's the military-industrial complex, perhaps the worst offender of all. "Big War" industriously creates fabulous malfunctioning machines at the cost of billions. This is the price of freedom we're told.
Modern Big Science was likely initiated as a result of the Manhattan Project, the subsequent weaponization of the atom and vaporization of Hiroshima.
But in an article HERE, we've presented reports that Hiroshima was firedbombed not nuked. And HERE we may have discovered the actual group of pilots responsible for the firebombing.
And what is one to make of NASA's achievements? We recently stumbled on a Youtube video HERE that made the argument the lunar rover was nothing more than a dressed-up World War II jeep. Boeing nonetheless charged some $40 million for its "development."
HERE, one can see astronauts turning transparent as they enter and exit a portion of the International Space Station. There's apparently some sort of photographic trickery going on.
And HERE too (at the two-minute mark). How does this astronaut get up from the surface of the moon without using his legs? Wires maybe?
The most glorious achievement of the Hadron Collider is the discovery of the so-called Higgs God particle. But there are plenty of easily accessible articles on the Internet that question the discovery.
The amount of propaganda distributed about the Higgs is overwhelming. Let's start with an almost amusing example. Michio Kaku, a famous string popularizer, said in an interview on CBS news that the Higgs particle was the "missing piece of creation" and it "put the bang in the big bang." … This is considered to be blatant nonsense even by particle physicists. Matt Strassler, a member of the CMS collaboration, complained about Kaku's "spectacular distortions" and wrote in his blog, "worse, Kaku presumably knew it was wrong."
In fact, the Hadron Collider itself is testimony to the almost religious conviction of gravitational physics as elaborated on by Albert Einstein.
But there's considerable evidence that Einstein was something of a fraud, cultivated by globalists to take the place of a legitimate genius, Nikola Tesla. Einstein also played a role in the "development" of the initial atom bomb.
HERE's something on gravitational physics versus the electronic universe.
We will now place our standard disclaimer: We are not denying the achievements of Big Science. But we are questioning them – in some cases vehemently.
Perhaps Hiroshima was bombed by an atomic bomb. On the other hand, photos of Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Tokyo all look the same. Tokyo was in fact firebombed. Stripped of our preconceived notions, we can't see any difference between Tokyo and the other two cities.
But we won't absolutely deny common wisdom, not in any field. Perhaps there is global warming. Perhaps NASA did go the moon. Perhaps vaccines are safe and effective.
Consensus science in our view is almost always suspect. Just because thousands of scientists supposedly contributed to the creation of the initial atomic bomb doesn't mean it worked. Much of the film documenting atom bomb blasts in the '40s and '50s seems to have been faked.
Just because thousands of scientists endorse global warming doesn't mean it's occurring – or at least not as the result of manmade carbon.
Just because tens of thousands of doctors endorse the healthful application of vaccines doesn't mean they are not dangerous to some and ineffective for others. Especially since many are not double-blind tested, contrary to what people may think.
And lately there have been articles questioning double-blind testing itself. You can see an article HERE.
The inventions of modern Big Science are in many cases what we call dominant social themes – intended to condition people to accept the upcoming vast centralization of global governance.
Such themes are distinguished by the amount of resources devoted to them, complexity of their creation and an advertised association with internationalist "thought leaders."
The end result is supposed to reinforce powerlessness – your powerlessness.
This goes for politics, too. Donald Trump, for instance, has excited the alternative 'Net media. We hope for the best when it comes to Donald, but suspect that he will not single-handedly turn the world around.
Politics is no panacea. The solution is "human action" based on the determined application of your own arduously gathered knowledge.
The world is riddled with purposeful lies. We grow up with then and the mainstream media reinforces them. The idea is to cocoon you in a matrix of false beliefs from which you will never extricate yourself.
Conclusion: But the Internet especially has given us tools that allow us to think for ourselves. If we use it properly, we can acquire real information that can protect us and add to our wealth. Take advantage of the opportunity. Understand reality as best you can. Keep an open mind. And don't be discouraged.
COVID Propaganda Roundup: Big Pharma Is Getting Its…
Night Witches: The All-Female Soviet Aerial Bomb Squad
LGBTQPTSD++© Flashback: How the Gender Industry…
Five ways to loosen Big Tech's grip on your life
BOMBSHELL: Media, Big Business, and Political…
Big Tech cancels mRNA inventor for COVID heresy


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Once I became a mother of biracial children, I sought books that would represent my children's mixed heritage. Slowly, thanks to the internet and the community that's formed at I'm Not the Nanny, I've found not just children's books that celebrate multiculturalism in the United States, but also picture books that celebrate mixed race families. It's important that children see themselves in the books they read.
Books with multicultural or mixed race characters aren't important just to my family and other families with multiple heritage and/or races. It's equally important that all children see their friends and family represented in the books they read. I've mentioned some of these picture books about mixed race heritage in previous posts but I wanted to put them all together in one place. Talking about race with children feels difficult because our personal baggage about it, but it's never to early to celebrate all the shades of brown skin around us.
The Great Big Book of Families by Mary Hoffman It's a fun way to start a conversation about differences among families. The illustrations are fun and show a broad range of family types, family living situations, work environments and more. It's like the Richard Scarry book for families. My kids and I enjoyed naming friends and family that "matched" the ones shown in the book.
Marisol McDonald Doesn't Match by Monica Brown, written in both English and Spanish, is filled with colorful, fun illustrations and. Marisol is a red-headed, browned skinned Peruvian-Irish American who's sense of style is not appreciated by her friends. Not only doesn't her hair match her skin, she likes to match polka dots with stripes. Marisol sees her world much differently from her friends. After being constantly reminded that she doesn't match, she attempts to match for a day and learns about who she truly is. Marisol returns in the sequel Marisol Mcdonald and the Clash Bash to celebrate her birthday in her unique way.
Originally written in 1973, black is brown is tan by Arnold Adoff is a lyrical poem celebrating the different skin colors of an interracial family: mother, father, children, aunts, uncles, grandmothers. I borrowed the book because the cover showed a white father, black mother, and their biracial children. When I read the dust jacket later, I discovered that it was the first children's book to feature an interracial family. I'm sure it must have been controversial when I was first published. We have the 2002 edition of the book, which was updated with new illustrations.
Written by Leslie V. Ryan, the picture book I am Flippish! is inspired by a true event. Sean is little boy whose classmates don't understand why he doesn't look like his dad. Thankfully, the kids have a smart teacher and encourage his students to discover their own family's ancestry. Together the students learn that Sean is Flippish, part Irish American and and Filipino American. The classmates start creating their own words to describe their cultural background too.
Mixed: Portraits of Multiracial Kids by artist and photographer Kip Fulbeck makes a great gift for kids and adults alike because it portrays so many beautiful multi-racial children. Kip Fulbeck captures them as kids. He's not highlighting their ethnic background. Accompanying each photograph is a page where each child describes himself. Those descriptions are my favorite because they are not defined only by their race. Kip Fulbeck has done groundbreaking work on the Hapa experience. Definitely visit his website to see his other photography series.
How My Parents Learned to Eat by Ina R Friedman is not just a love story but an evolution of how two cultures learn to eat together. Which wins out at the end: chopsticks or knife and fork? This is one of my favorite picture books about mixed race, mixed cultural families. Our family identifies with it because last night we ate dinner with chopsticks and tonight we'll probably use forks to eat.
In That's My Mum by Henriette Barkow, Kai and Mia look like their fathers, but not like their mothers. People always ask the two if they are with babysitters, when they are actually with their moms. Sound familiar? Even their classmates aren't sure what to think. Kai and Mia try to figure out a way creative way to explain who their mother is but realized that they shouldn't be the ones to change. Over at Language Lizard, the book is available in bilingual versions, with your choice of 19 different languages. Of course I had to share the Vietnamese version here.
Does your family have favorite books that celebrate mixed race families? Share them in the comments!
Discover more in my previous multicultural children's books round ups.
This book contains affiliate links.
Thanks for sharing these resources with us!
Thank you so much! We are white adoptive parents of a beautiful biracial daughter. As a multiracial family trying to help our girl embrace all the aspects if who she is, I'm so happy to see this list.
Thank you for sharing this! I have MIXED and Black Is Brown Is Tan. I heard Forever Families (a newer release) is good as well. My boys are a bit older so I am on the lookout for YA that celebrates the same.
Thank you for sharing this, Thien-Kim, and thanks for including Marisol McDonald! I look forward to reading the books I haven't yet read from your list.
Monica, we LOVE Marisol! Please write more books about her and her family!
I have! Next up is Marisol and the Monster–not out until late 2015 though:).
Yay! Congrats! I will definitely review it once it's available.
Good to see these even though the list is short. I couldn't find anything in the early 80's when my kids were little.
I agree that it's too short. Do you have any to add to the list?
Kelly, thank you so much for reading! I'm glad you've found the lists helpful.
I'd like to add my picture book, Happy In Our Skin, which includes many diverse families. It's illustrated by Lauren Tobia and published by Candlewick Press.
I came home today with Petite Pepite, by Nada Matta. It's a lovely illustrated book that focuses on the magic of being different. It very subtly address handicapped kids, but these kids have a variety of ethnic genes. It's a great book, but perhaps not suited as a baby shower gift. I just was desperate to have something representing the Chinese/Iranian heritage of the this soon-to-arrive little girl!
My daughter is Indian/white caucasian, and I really want to see just normal books with bi-racial kids… where race isn't the theme. I'm going to keep searching for my friends' baby.


text:
PC21 Pilatus from ESM
In 1999 Pilatus Aircraft, famous for their PC-12 small passenger aircraft and the PC-7 and PC-9 jet trainers, began the development of a new generation of turboprop jet trainers. The result of that program was the Pilatus PC-21, a sleek modern trainer designed to operate for 30 years per airframe, at costs below that of existing advanced trainers, but with better performance and flexibility. Featuring a very advanced avionics suite, and integrating The first prototype was flown in July of 2002, and the first aircraft were delivered to the swiss airforce in April of 2008. Singapore's Air Force has also recieved several of their production aircraft with 7 more to be delivered in August of 2008, replacing the SIAI Marchetti S.211's that were currently in service. It is expected that many other nations will adopt the aircraft as well.
The PC-21 comes factory painted to scale, has pre-applied decals which are covered with a clear coat, functional flaps, and most hardware included (screws, rods, fuel tanks etc...). Fixed landing gear and wheels are included in the kit, and pneumatic retracts are available separately. The fuselage is epoxy resin fiberglass. The wings are built up, then covered with Solartex fabric and painted.
We cannot guarantee that the shops listed below do sell the PC21 Pilatus in particular but at least we know they do distribute ESM.
BigPlanes
check web site
Ship to: Europe
YT International
Wingspan: 1800mm (70.9 in)
Length: 2070mm (81.5 in)
Weight: 6900 g (15.2 lbs)
Length: 2070 mm (81.5")
Wingspan: 1800 mm (71")
Wing Area: 55.8 sq. dm 6.0 sq. ft
Wing Loading: 123.7 g/sq. dm 40.6 oz/sq. ft
Flying Weight: 6,900 g (15.2 lbs)
Radio: 6ch&9 servos
Engine: 120 4-cycle
PC21-R
PC21 Pilatus (Red)
P-47 Razorback


Production of GoldA sodium cyanide process is used to extract the gold from the ore, and various other processing . Crusher, J-101, where 80% of the ore is crushed to 1.75" or smaller. . below 0.25" are sent to the grinding section for further size reduction. . The Ball Mill, B-101, grinds the 0.25" ore until it is in the range of 160 microns.gold extraction size of crushed ore in microns,Gold Extraction and Recovery Processes - Semantic Scholaravailable for the extraction of gold metal from its ores. ... Heap leaching involves placing crushed or run of mine ore in a pile built upon an impervious liner.
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A sodium cyanide process is used to extract the gold from the ore, and various other processing . Crusher, J-101, where 80% of the ore is crushed to 1.75" or smaller. . below 0.25" are sent to the grinding section for further size reduction. . The Ball Mill, B-101, grinds the 0.25" ore until it is in the range of 160 microns.
available for the extraction of gold metal from its ores. ... Heap leaching involves placing crushed or run of mine ore in a pile built upon an impervious liner.
Processing of gold ore using a sluice box, Malaysia. 0 NERC 1997 . Information on the particle-size distribution of gold is sparsely scattered throughout the literature ... impact (during crushing and grinding of the ore, and alluvial transport). This irregular ... than one micron in a single pass" (sales brochure). Recovery is.
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Table 28 - Grind establishment tests, conventionally crushed verses HPGR product. 45 . Table 65 - Reagent consumptions from leach testwork only, by ore type. 88 . Figure 17 - Grade–extraction relationship for gold, 125 µm grind size. 73.
size distributions than the conventional minus-74 micron grind. Dramatic . proven in three semi-commercial HPGR demonstrations on two gold mining and one platinum mining operations. .. ores crushed to minus 20 mm (minus 3/4-in) in.
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several refractory gold ores but on a relatively small scale. In this paper ... microns to a d90 of 4 microns with the corresponding gold recovery increasing from 84% to. 97%. . and secondary crushing reducing the feed to 95% -35mm. Tertiary.
The Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy .. pilot scale trial on the crushing of a low grade gold ore was . microns. The masses of the various size fractions were measured and then sent to the lab for triplicate fire.
A significant contemporary challenge for gold mining companies is to define .. as finely disseminated colloidal size inclusions (<0.5 µm) or in solid solution ... For Ore A crushing will comprise a primary jaw crusher only, the product from.
gravity separators are preferably used in gold recovery plants prior to or in place of cyanidation. . gold ore cyanidation tests were running on the plant. Keywords: . be liberated by crushing and grinding .. smaller cut size in cyclones than the . micron. Fine gold particles seem to be pushed out from the concentrating bed.
.mine-engineer/mining/mineral/gold.htm [14 October 2008]. 10 Facts About .. Ore is crushed and then milled to a fine powder. 7. Leaching and.
KAY TANDA SULPHIDE ORE .. applied to a head grade 1.49g/t Au, then the % gold extraction by CIL would increase . By heap leaching at 12.7mm crushed size .. 75 µm. Time. NaCN hyd.lime diss. O2. % sample liquor mg/l mg/l ext'n %.
The Eagle Gold project and ore deposit has many similarities to these ... extraction using a three stage crushing process, heap leaching, and a carbon adsorption, .. particle sizes varied from <5 micron to over 1 mm, with typical sizes on the.
Gold(1987) tabulated and modeled overall mining cost related to blasting . Eloranta(1995) published costs in iron ore from blasting through grinding. Moody . work has been aimed at tieing mine and processing size reduction to common factors. . Crush .5 m 2 cm .95. 3.24. 29%. Grind. 2 cm 60 micron 20.39. 17.82. 114%.


text:
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Ron Paul to Keynote Catholic Traditionalist Summit with NeoFascist and Overtly Anti-Semitic Speakers
Rachel Tabachnick print page
Fri Aug 23, 2013 at 02:45:36 PM EST
The conference in Ontario is billed as "Fatima: The Path to Peace" but it features New World Order conspiracy theorists,holocaust deniers, racists, and an openly fascist speaker. (Video below.) Former U.S Congressman Ron Paul will keynote the week-long international summit to be held in September at Niagara Falls, Ontario. The billboard at right, advertising the event, is at the Peace Bridge entrance to Canada from Buffalo, New York. Paul is accustomed to sharing the stage with conspiracy theorists - John Birchers, Christian Reconstructionists, and Neoconfederates - but this time it's the international summit of a radical Catholic traditionalist organization. The Fatima Crusaders not only reject the reforms of Vatican II, but also teach that the Vatican is in collusion with the United Nations to form a one-world government. This article includes short bios of some of the scheduled speakers and video of one of them rallying a crowd in Europe against homosexuals and Jews. Come back to Talk2action.org next week for another installment on Ron Paul and the John Birch Society's previous involvement with this same organization.
The organization's adherents share the belief of apocalyptic-minded Protestants and secular conspiracy theorists that the United States is being punished for its disobedience to God and descent into Marxism. The Fatima Crusaders believe that the world can be saved from destruction if the request revealed by the Virgin Mary to three Portuguese children in Fatima in 1917 can be fulfilled - a mandate to "consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary." A 64-page publication on the conference explains the Fatima Center's mandate and includes bios of the speakers.
One of the speaker's participating in the widely advertised international summit is Roberto Fiore, leader of Forza Nuova or National Front, an Italian far right party. Fiore, a mentor to British National Party's Nick Griffin, is self-described as a neofascist. His party is opposed to immigration, abortion, homosexuality, and capitalism. It's working for the "recovery of Christian religiosity" and to repeal the Mancino and Scelba laws which ban symbols, slogans, and gestures of Italian fascism and Nazism.
In the video embedded below, Fiore is rallying a crowd in Budapest against Jews and gays. Fiore had been invited by the HVIM, a racist and nationalist Hungarian organization, to speak at the 2008 commemoration of the anniversary of Hungary's 1956 uprising against communism. The transcript is below the video. The statements in English by Fiore are repeated by a Hungarian interpreter.
"And these are the same people who are trying to push gay rights, who are trying to push homosexuality, who are trying to push the destruction of the nation. And I here that this year you have opposed the gay march as in 2000 we opposed the gay march in Rome that tried to march near the Vatican, just to insult Jesus Christ and Christian civilization. This is the financial capitalism that is pushing thousands and millions towards poverty but it's led and it's directed from the same people who put Christ on the cross. But it's also fact that as in Italy, as in Hungary, it will be the people who will actually destroy this attempt to kill our nation and our civilization."
Fiore is not the only extremist speaking at the Fatima Center event. Some media sources reporting on the upcoming conference have mistakenly described it as including one anti-Semitic speaker, but the slate is filled with authors of virulent Judeophobic media. The host and leader of the Fatima Center, Father Nicholas Gruner, is described by SPLC as attending Holocaust denial conferences and the center's media has defended Holocaust deniers. Other speakers include:
Mario Borghezio, a Northern League (Lega Nord) Euro-MP known for blaming the mass killings by Anders Breivik on "multi-racial society" and for slurs about Italy's first black government minister. Borghezio was convicted in Italy of arson for setting fire to pallets of sleeping migrants.
Robert Sungenis, described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as one of the most "open anti-Semites in the entire radical traditionalist movement" has denied that six million Jews could have been killed in the Holocaust.
John Vennari, head of Catholic Family News and author of The Permanent Instruction of the Alta Vendita, a booklet claiming that Jewish masons have been invading the Catholic church since the 1700s. As noted by the SPLC, Vennari's CFN conference vendors have marketed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Hilaire Belloc's The Jews.
Michael Matt, editor of The Remnant, a publishing arm of the radical traditionalist movement. According to the SPLC, The Remnant is source of numerous articles attacking Masons, Jews, and others, including a 2005 series by Sungenis titled "The New World Order and the Zionist Connection."
John McManus, president of the John Birch Society (JBS)
William F. Jasper, senior editor of the JBS magazine New American
G. Edward Griffin, described in his bios as "the pre-eminent anti-NWO scholar," author of The Creature from Jekyll Islandclaiming a Rothschild/Federal Reserve conspiracy and endorsed by Ron Paul. Griffin claims cancer continues because of a conspiracy of the pharmaceutical and medical world and that the Council of Foreign Relations engineers control of the world with only 4000 people.
Barbara Skurnowicz, Eagle Forum's "National Leader for Vaccine Information" and warrior against mandatory vaccinations.
John Salza, columnist at The Remnant newspaper and author of Masonry Unmasked, Why Catholics Can't Be Masons.
Christopher Ferrara, lawyer for parents of Terri Schiavo and co-author with Thomas E. Woods, Jr. of The Great Facade: Vatican II and the Regime of Novelty in the Roman Catholic Church. The book was published in 2002 by The Remnant Press, the publishing arm of the "counterrevolution" of traditionalists.
Cornelia Ferreira, author of books warning about a "Masonic New World Order" conspiracy of Illuminati, environmentalists, feminists, and evolutionists.
The host of the conference is the Fatima Center, one of the organizations described as radical Catholic traditionalist groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) for their promotion of anti-Semitic and other conspiracy narratives. The SPLC is careful to isolate and distinguish these 12 organizations from the larger body of traditionalist Catholics who reject the reforms of the Second Vatican Council. Most of the Catholic speakers at the conference are affiliated with organizations that are included in SPLC's report on the "dirty dozen" and more information can be found there on many of the speakers.
The conference is hosted by Father Nicholas Gruner's Fatima Center, advertised as "the largest Fatima apostolate" in the world, and by the Archbishop Emeritus of Cuddalore and Pondicherry, India. Gruner's standing in the Roman Catholic Church is challenged and he is not considered part of his local Catholic diocese and therefore claims to have legitimacy through Catholic hierarchy in India. The Fatima Crusaders teach that the idea of separation of Church and state "is a falsehood introduced by the enemies of the Church, the Freemasons" and that "no true Catholic can promote the false anti-God idea of separation of Church and state."
This is not the first time that Ron Paul and the John Birch Society have teamed up with the Fatima Center's Nicholas Gruner and other radical Catholic traditionalists. Come back to Talk2action.org next week for the rest of the story.
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Ron Paul to Keynote Catholic Traditionalist Summit with NeoFascist and Overtly Anti-Semitic Speakers | 8 comments (8 topical, 0 hidden)
The JBS denies any links to anti-Semitism (none / 0)
John McManus's presence at this conference certainly calls the JBS denials of anti-Semitism into question. Now what was that about lying down with dogs and getting up with fleas?
by khughes1963 on Fri Aug 23, 2013 at 03:32:35 PM EST
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