text:
Legal Reference
Bieber's dictionary of legal abbreviations : A reference guide for attorneys, legal secretaries, paralegals, and law students
By Prince, Mary Miles. W.S. Hein. 7th edition. 2017.
"Prince's Bieber Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations contains an extensive range of acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols found in reporters, legal treatises, law reviews, law dictionaries, and selected other documents, provided in both forward and reverse order. Titles, names, and terms often have multiple abbreviations or acronyms. This book, without distinction, includes abbreviations established by well-recognized authorities as well as abbreviations otherwise devised by authors in their efforts to shorten legal references and citations." - from the publisher
Black's law dictionary
Thomson Reuters. Eleventh edition. 2019.
This classic law dictionary has been updated with 3,500 new terms and more than 900 Latin maxims.
The bluebook : A uniform system of citation
Latest received: Twenty-first edition (2020). Harvard Law Review Association. c1991-.
Considered the "definitive style guide for legal citation in the United States," The Bluebook is now in its 20th edition.
Burton's legal thesaurus
By Burton, William C. McGraw-Hill. 5th ed. 2013.
Garner's dictionary of legal usage
By Garner, Bryan A. Oxford University Press. 3rd ed. 2011.
Garner is regarded as the expert on legal usage and style. In the third edition of this title, Garner provides guidance on the use of over 800 new terms and new senses of existing terms.
KF 156 G38
The greenbook : Texas rules of form
University of Texas at Austin School of Law. Fourteenth edition. 2018.
Redesigned in 2018, the updates to this 14th edition of the Texas Rules of Form were based largely on the results of a survey sent to thousands of practitioners. This resource continues to be invaluable to Texas attorneys, paralegals, and law students when it comes to citation styles.
National survey of state laws
Latest received:2007. Gale Research. c1993-.
"This volume will help patrons make quick, state-by-state comparisons of current state laws -- how they differ and how they're similar -- for a range of relevant subjects from abortion to employment discrimination, child custody to interest rates. It's divided into general legal categories to offer complete coverage and easy access to issues of current relevance and concern related to consumer, family, criminal, real estate, employment and other fields of law." - from the publisher
KF 240 N37
New Oxford American dictionary
Oxford University Press. Third edition /. 2010.
"As Oxford's flagship American dictionary, the New Oxford American Dictionary sets the standard of excellence for lexicography in this country. With more than 350,000 words, phrases, and senses, hundreds of explanatory notes, and more than a thousand illustrations, this dictionary provides the most comprehensive and accurate coverage of American English available." - from the publisher
PE 1628 O9
Prince's dictionary of legal citations : A reference guide for attorneys, legal secretaries, paralegals, and law students
By Prince, Mary Miles. William S. Hein & Co., Inc. Ninth edition. 2017.
"This title is a companion to The Bluebook (not a replacement) and applies Bluebook rules to a representative collection of common legal authorities. This edition has been updated to reflect Twentieth Edition Bluebook revisions. The section concerning Internet, electronic media, and other nonprint resources has been revised and expanded. Public domain information has been updated and includes additional domestic jurisdictions that now employ this form of citation. New or revised entries include e-books, legal dictionaries, Facebook, Linkedin, online newspapers, newspaper editorials and opinions, plays, press releases, Twitter, American Law Institute publications such as Restatements, uniform acts, and model codes, and examples throughout the book citing to online sources" - publisher's website
KF 245 C8
Subject compilations of state laws
Latest received: 2017-18 Edition. Greenwood Press. 1981-.
Subject Compilations of State Laws is an up-to-date annotated bibliography providing sources for locating information on state law surveys on a broad variety of topics and subtopics. This publication is also available through the library's HeinOnline subscription, as are many of the law reviews referenced.
KF 240 S9
Webster's new world college dictionary
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Fifth edition. c2014, c2016.
"Webster's New World College Dictionary, fifth edition, presents a clear and accessible defining style, abundant synonym notes, full-page tables and charts, hundreds of drawings that complement the definitions and authoritative guidance on usage and style points plus it has added more than 4,700 entries and senses have been added, including terms from the areas of arts and sports, science and medicine, computers and the Internet, food, business, politics, and law. Tens of thousands of revisions have been made to existing senses, to bring them up-to-date and to reflect current usage." - from the publisher
PE 1628 W4


IOWA CITY, Ia. – Nebraska's Ameer Abdullah, one of the nation's leading rushers, will be in town Friday.
That's a new twist to an old story for Iowa's football team this season. Abdullah, averaging 128.8 yards a game, will be the fifth top-10 rusher the Hawkeyes have faced this season.
"He's a good back," Iowa defensive tackle Carl Davis said. "We've been seeing some good backs, and we know how to play them."
Stopping them has been another matter. And if Iowa is to match its victory total from last season and go into bowl season on an uptick, it needs to limit Abdullah's damage Friday at Kinnick Stadium.
Melvin Gordon of Wisconsin is currently the nation's leading rusher, averaging 191.7 yards a game. Tevin Coleman of Indiana is second, David Cobb of Minnesota eighth and Abdullah 10th.
"Good luck picking the all-conference team," Iowa coach Kirk Ferentz said.
Iowa also has faced the nation's fourth-leading rusher, James Conner of Pittsburgh, this season.
"I love the competition," senior linebacker Quinton Alston said. "This is my last game at Kinnick. What a way to go out, with another high-profile running back coming to town."
That star-studded list of opponent running backs is one reason why Iowa is seventh in the Big Ten in rush defense, allowing 158.5 yards a game. Since the Hawkeyes went to their first bowl game under Ferentz in 2001, only one team has allowed more yards on the ground during a season. That was the 162.1 yards allowed by the 2012 team that finished 4-8.
Iowa did a solid job of keeping Gordon under wraps. He had 16 carries that netted three yards or less. But he still got away for an 88-yard run in the third quarter and a 23-yard touchdown run in the fourth quarter.
Coleman had 219 yards against Iowa on just 15 carries. Conner had 155 on 29 carries. Cobb was limited to 74 on 16 carries.
Iowa allowed just four players to rush for at least 100 yards last season. LSU's Jeremy Hill had 216 yards on 28 carries in the Outback Bowl. Wisconsin's James White had 132. Ohio State's Carlos Hyde went for 149 and Braxton Miller 102.
Abdullah and mobile quarterback Tommy Armstrong Jr., who was injured and didn't play against Iowa last season but has rushed for 633 yards in 2014, give the Cornhuskers a formidable one-two punch.
This would be the perfect time for Iowa's defense to punch back.


Below are direct links for downloading of individual pdf articles in good resolution for printing.
Climate finance – How much is needed?
Printed copies of the volume (Development Dialogue cover) can be ordered from the Dag Hammarsköljd Foundation (www.dhf.uu.se. Version with What Next cover can be obtained from What Next Forum (www.whatnext.org).


I wanted to highlight some more of the fabulous undiscovered talent on etsy. These great artists have not made their first sale...yet. I hope they make that first sale very very soon.
I took these pictures while in graduate school. These first two pictures are from the show Twelfth Night. It was fantastic. The people are my friends/ family/ fellow classmates Tim, Gena, and Naila.
These next 2 photos are from the show that was in rep with Twelfth Night, The Rover. The stage and lighting design for this show was really beautiful. The people in these photos are Kat, Paul, Nico, Mike, Victor, Pamela, Carolina. and Gena.
I love these pictures. Doesn't everyone look great? Enjoy.
I'm trying to design my business cards. I have two designs I like, take a look and let me know what you think.
I'm also curious if you think I need to include a phone number on my card? Is it unprofessional without a phone number?
These images speak to my current state of mind. I hope you enjoy them as much as I do.
And I also want to announce that I made my first etsy sale YA YA YA did I mention YA. A very nice lady from North Carolina ordered my Rustic Leaf Earrings. I'm so excited to have made my first sale.
This person has no idea, but she will have a very special place in my memories. I know that sounds corny but it's true. You should have read the first 12 drafts of that sentence sappy, sentimental and corny, all true but my stoic MN roots required that I simplify to just corny.
I made the ultra suede pouch and I really love the way it turned out, so I'm definitely keeping the pouch. I made the thank you card and like it also, so that's a keeper, but it seems a little bare. I know I need to add a business card but does anyone have any fun suggestions on a little something to add zing, without breaking my piggy bank. All input appreciated.
Sorry my Monday post is coming on Wednesday. I was visiting Christine of Chocolate and Steel on Monday. She did her first wholesale/ gift show. Her booth was lovely and she seemed really happy with the results.
Here's some of her great work so you can see why she did so well. I'm sure she will talk about The California Gift Show and Renegade on her blog soon.
Then I spent all day Tuesday helping a friend, and amazing artist, dona di Carlo organize her studio so she can host a PMCC certification class with the amazing Lora from Such and Such.
Some of dona's amazing jewelry.
And I still have to make a million pieces for my first craft show in September. I'm a little crazed. So nothing really goes together today it's a "grab bag" snap shot of my busy week.
Giveaway winners, yes that winners plural. Since Christine and Tamara were the only two interested in the animated gif I decided to make them both winners.
So ladies, pick a style that you like and send me an email to hsb@paigelitfin.com, we'll hammer out the details size chances, color changes, add logo, what do you want it to say and things like that. And thank you for entering.
This week I found myself looking around my old etsy haunts. Visiting my etsy favorites and checking out what's new. I hope you enjoy visiting my etsy haunts for this weekend's eye candy.
1. Steel Toes Studios 2. Chocolate and Steel 3. Lora Hart Jewels 4. The Peppermint Forest 5. Jennifer Kahn 6. The Builder's Studio 7. Meetalls 8. Copper Frog Studio 9. Lulu Bug Jewelry 10. Lizards Jewelry 11. Sonya Rasi Jewery 12. Njia Studios 13. Rainbow Swirlz 14. Tui Zui 15. Made by Swirly Girl 16. The Abbey James Co.
Chocolate and Steel - Christine is actually taking this week off eye candy to do the LA Gift show, Good Luck Christine, but check out her blog anyway, it's great.
Saturday I went to Renegade LA with my friends and fellow bloggers Lora at Such and Such and Michelle The Ornamentalist. The show was fantastic. This was my first Renegade show and I could not have been more impressed. I want to share a couple of my favorites from the show.
Honestly there were many many more like Karlee Fuchs, Amy Lucas McClure of Olaria Studio, David at Survive Design, Kate Burge and Rachel Price of Spincycle Yarns, Lucymachine Jewelry...and on and on. It was just a great show. Congratulations Renegade and Bravo Sellers.
I thought I would do a little "Ode to the Pooch" for this weekends eye candy because well, I love my dog, all dogs really. I hope it inspires you to scratch your pet's ears.
You can find these amazing artisans on Etsy in the following shops.
Check out the other great, and I'm sure more elegant, eye candy from the rest of the Weekend Eye Candy contributors.
A few years ago Mike and I went trail riding in the Cloud Peak region of Wyoming with my aunt, uncle, cousin, his daughter, and my parents. Usually I think I take better candid portraits. But it was so beautiful every where you looked, it was hard "not" to take a great picture. Here are a few of the pictures that I love from that trip.
Happy 4th of July Weekend everyone.


05:30 Early Breakfast at hotel.
Transfer to airport for flight HY- …. Arrival to Bukhara at .. Accommodation at hotel. Free time.
268 km 8:00 Breakfast at the hotel.
9:00 Half day city tour.
Visit to Ismael Samani mausoleum (9-10c)- the oldest mausoleum of Bukhara , Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum (14 c), local bazaar, Chor Minor madrasah.
17:00 Arriving Samarkand. Accommodation at hotel. Free time.


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Baseball Database
Rate this Team1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
City New York
Website www.bisons.com
Buffalo Bisons is a minor league baseball team of Buffalo, New York. The team plays in the International League and is the AAA affiliate of the New York Mets.
The Bisons joined the Triple-A ranks in 1985 when they joined the American Association, but after American Association folded following 1997 season, Buffalo joined the International League.
After the Cleveland Indians signed an affiliation agreement with the Columbus Clippers following the 2008 season, the Bisons went on to sign a 2-year contract with the Mets.
Bisons' main mascots have traditionally been Buster T. Bison and his cousin Chip. However, since 2006 a new mascot called Belle the Ballpark Diva has also entered the team.
Many of the Bisons' players have been inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame including, Connie Mack, Charles Radbourn, Jimmy Collins and Frank Grant among others.
Over the years, the Bisons have won the Governors' Cup, the International League championship (6 times), and have featured in the championship series 10 times. Also, the team has won the International League's North Division 4 times in 1998, 2001, 2004, and 2005.
Latest edit by Abhay Burande
Bet Play-Money for Fun
David Eckstein (47)
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Where would you rather pitch?
Oldest Living Baseball Players
Sparky Anderson
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Early Sydney part1
KEY PLAYERS ON THE SYDNEY COFFEE LOUNGE SCENE
Malcolm J. Turnbull
DON HENDERSON (1937 – 1991), who bought a guitar after hearing recordings of blues singers like Blind Lemon Jefferson and Josh White and spent some time playing with a Melbourne rock'n'roll ensemble called the Thunderbirds, had recently started composing his own songs. (Woody Guthrie's ballad 'Tom Joad' was a decisive influence). In an interview for the National Library, Henderson recalled the first time he visited "the watering-hole of the fabled Sydney Push":
I don't know what I expected; probably cloaked anarchists priming bombs, smocked artists quaffing absinthe and bereted poets reading their latest works. All I saw, though, was a rowdy Saturday afternoon pub crowd … There was a little bright-eyed bloke with thick horn rimmed glasses, playing some pretty wild Spanish guitar in the corner, but only the people in that particular corner were listening to him. He finished the song and passed the guitar to the big bloke sitting next to him. I recognised that bloke. His face was hard to forget.
[Henderson, A Quiet Century, p.56]p;
The "big bloke" in question, who had once worked on the show circuit with Shana the Snake Lady, and who had "one of the best voices" the Hendersons had ever heard, was Brian Mooney.
Welsh-born Declan Affley, who first came to Australia as a serviceman with the merchant navy, has also remembered being exposed to the beginnings of local folksinging activity around 1960/61:
On leave in Sydney I was introduced to an old pub where I met Brian Mooney, Bill Berry, Don Ayrton, and later, Martyn Wyndham-Read, and heard them sing. This was where I first heard the general term "folk music". The "boom" had not yet arrived and the people there knew only the British and American revival.
[Australian Tradition Aug 1969]
Informal Saturday afternoon come-all-ye's at the Royal George – were inspirational to Affley, the Hendersons, et al:
The informality of it all, the incredible diversity of the music. Somebody singing 28 verses of 'Lord Randal' and a pile of drunks sitting there and listening to it … They saw the likeness of my [Don Henderson's] music to Jimmie Rodgers because I was like Tex Morton …. Morton had used Jimmie Rodgers as a model. I knew of Jimmie Rodgers but I didn't know of Woody Guthrie …I found acceptance at the Royal George for these songs … and because I liked the place and because I liked the people, I really started to work hard at them …
The Royal George was equally divided between anarchists, libertarians and communists … all the people were interested in peace. There was also the beginning of early feminism there, and the beginnings of passive resistance, things like that … and the most horrendous fights I've ever seen in my life occurred there. [Don Henderson, NLA Interview]
"There were always people with guitars" at Push parties, remembers Gary Shearston. Left-wing awareness of folk themes and folkmusic was "rife" there. According to Don Henderson, people like Mooney:
.. were singing songs that I'd never ever heard, you know, and folk became of importance to me and I began to understand what it meant. I found that I could take my songs and sing them there and they sort of accepted them, being interested in this folk music. I then was invited to the Sydney Bush Music Club which I went to. I didn't know the difference between what they called Australian songs and what Tex Morton was singing. I still thought that 'The Rain Tumbles Down in July', from Slim Dusty, was one of the best songs I'd ever heard. They didn't think so, but they liked some of the others.
A solid, imposing man, sporting "a burly red beard", Don Henderson has been described as "a full-time individualist, a craftsman, an all-Australian 'casual bloke', a cynic and a romanticist. And, of course, a militant anti-establishment man". Raised in the stereotypically middle class Melbourne enclaves of Essendon and Moonee Ponds, he trained as a fitter and turner and worked at a range of jobs, most often as a carpenter. He drew on his experience working on the Snowy Mountains hydro-electricity scheme for one of his earliest (and best-known) songs, the up-beat 'Put a Light in Every Country Window'. A member of the BLF, Henderson worked in Sydney repairing instruments and eventually branched out into making his own guitars. Gary Shearston remembers that his workshop at Woolahra became the focal and meeting point for one sector of the pre-boom Sydney folk scene (Alex Hood subsequently founded his Folk Arts Centre on the same premises), overlapping with parallel sectors like the Push scene and the activities of the Bush Music Club.
With his marriage over, Henderson spent a couple of years travelling in outback NSW and Queensland (turning up in either Sydney or Brisbane every once in a while), going back:
… to where people were actually singing hillbilly songs as they heard them on the radio, and about subjects they accepted, like faithful dogs and lost loves and things like that. I decided that I could get up with them and sing songs about building dams and union struggle. [A Quiet Century, p.vi-vii]
Henderson made Brisbane his home base in the mid 60s and was active in the early folk scene there, both as a soloist and member of the Union Singers. His vocal ability was limited but he soon earned a national reputation for the quality of his songwriting. Citing the influence of the "libertarians" he had mixed with at the Royal George, he consciously wrote about the Australian labour force, his compositions blending "the hillbilly idiom" he had learned as a youngster and the "American finger-picking technique". Interestingly, The Push itself tended to respond more readily to multi-faceted songs like 'It's On' and the highly satirical 'Hooker Rex' than to the more straightforward, anthemic 'Put a Light in Every Country Window' (celebrating the Snowy Mountains achievement).
[These] people were different. Sydney artists and intellectuals, university people. They weren't interested in labouring Australians making a mark on the world. They were the people who didn't rush to the first World War. They didn't want to put Australia on the map. All the dopey blokes who put their ages up, left good jobs to go and fight for Australia under its own flag. They're working class, that's working class patriotism. [Henderson, NLA Interview]
"Despite his commitment to the Left", Craig McGregor once wrote:
Don Henderson's songs rarely degenerate into mere propaganda. Most of them are not even protest songs, in the strict sense: they are, rather, sardonic commentaries on contemporary Australian life … He can be as zany as Dylan, as straightforward as Pete Seeger. His songs depend more on cumulative effect than vivid imagery; they are plain song, the plain man's song. The characteristic note is one of understatement, irony, rather than declamation … [McGregor, People Pop and Politics, p.143]
Mary Travers, of Peter Paul & Mary, once dubbed Henderson an Australian Woody Guthrie.
Marian Henderson (she retained the surname following the couple's divorce) indulged her own growing interest in traditional music by taking up the banjo and, subsequently, the guitar, and forming a pioneering folk trio with jazz guitarist/ commercial artist Chris Daw and ex-Rambleer Alex Hood. Charles Higham has claimed that folk song in Sydney got its first "big boost" – courtesy of the trio Daw, Hood & Henderson and the songwriting talents of Don Henderson – during the White Collar festival in 1961. The trio performed at open-air meetings during the Margins and Leave campaign and released two EPs, Oh Pay Me which included an Equal pay song and the Calypso-derived 'Hooker Rex', and one for the ALP in support of left-wing Sydney politician Tom Morey ('We're Going to Vote Tom Morey' was based on 'Tom Dooley'). They were featured on a regular folksong program sponsored by Sydney City Council on Radio 2KY. Before going their separate ways in 1962, the trio co-founded the Association of Sydney Folksingers.
Henderson, who had been juggling the trio and vocal work with a number of jazz and dance bands around Sydney, turned increasingly to folkmusic, often playing at charity functions or ladies' lunches in Vaucluse and Double Bay. At this point (she recalls):
Folksingers were an unknown quantity with a slightly shabby aura because people didn't understand [them] – something to be recoiled from, then stomped on, then [perhaps] examined more closely.
Henderson would emerge as the Sydney scene's leading lady during the boom. Hood, who fell in love with traditional bush songs when he saw the first Sydney production of Reedy River (and managed to get himself hired as a cast-member of the show), was a widely-travelled and experienced musician. A member of The Bushwackers, he went on to form his own bush band The Rambleers (which included Chris Kempster, Harry Kay and, at different times, Mark McManus, Laurie Morris, Dennis Kevans and Barbara Lisyak), and earned plaudits from Harry Belafonte and Belafonte's musical director Milton Okun as a solo performer of Australian material. In 1962 he teamed up with British singer Chuck Quinton, as The Rambling Boys, and they spent several months with a down-at-heels circus troupe before taking off on their own, "singing for their supper" throughout outback NSW. Hood and his wife, Gabrielle, subsequently established the Folk Arts Centre at 90 Queen Street, Woolahra. Modelled after Israel Young's Folklore Centre in Greenwich Village, the F.A.C. provided educational and leisure facilities and a library, but failed to survive its first year. Hood's first LP, The First Hundred Years, was released by MFP, in conjunction with a pocket songbook, in 1964.
The trio Daw, Hood and [Marian] Henderson made one of its last appearances, performing a bracket of union songs and sharing the stage with speakers Edgar Waters, Russel Ward, Maryjean Officer and Peter Hamilton, and artists Beth Schurr, Chris Kempster, Barbara Lisyak, Alan Scott and legendary bush balladeer Duke Tritton, at an "Australian Folkmusic" weekend school organised by the Workers' Educational Association in July 1962. Tritton, the authentic "darling" of the Sydney Bush Music Club, delighted traditionalists with his own songs, 'Shearing in a Bar' and 'The Goose-necked Spurs'. Reviewing the weekend, the Gumsucker's Gazette highlighted also several young newcomers, "all with a lot to learn but each markedly different in style and that style their own": Jean Lewis (misspelled "Louis") and G. Chearston (sic), in particular, were both on the brink of bigger things, as a Sydney folk venue network emerged.
The "coffee shop wave" of the contemporary Australian folk song movement "lapped our shores first in Melbourne and it was not until a year or two later that it washed over Sydney", notes Edgar Waters. [Music Maker, Sept 1962; Australian, 17 Oct 1964] According to Don Henderson:
… The first coffee lounge where anyone was actually paid to sing was the Marmosa [Mimosa?]. It was in the block between Sussex and Clarence, in King Street. It was run by an old Dutch lady who'd heard singing in cafes in Europe and she engaged Marian [Henderson] as a singer there. The people used to go there after the Royal George finished, and that would be in 1961. [Henderson, NLA Interview]
[continued … ]
BACK to FOLK REVIVAL CONTENTS
Malcolm J Turnbull Archive
Early Adelaide
Early Brisbane
Early Melbourne 1
Early Perth
Early Sydney
Early Tasmania
EARLY SYDNEY SCENE


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A Economia da África consiste na agricultura  e nos recursos dos povos da África. Embora algumas partes do continente tenham conseguido ganhos significativos nos últimos anos, dos 60 países revistos no relatório humano de desenvolvimento de 2003 das Nações Unidas, 25 das 53 nações africanas foram classificadas como tendo o mais baixo nível de vida entre as nações do mundo inteiro. Isto é em parte devido a sua história turbulenta. Desde o século XX, com a descolonização da Africa, a corrupção e o descaso das autoridades contribuíram para empobrecer a economia da África.

Porém, algumas nações alcançaram relativa estabilidade política, como é o caso da África do Sul. O principal bloco econômico é o SADC, formado por 14 países. O PIB total da África é de apenas 1% do PIB mundial e o continente participa de apenas 2% das transações comerciais que acontecem no mundo. Cerca de 260 dos mais de 800 milhões de habitantes da África vivem com menos de 1 dólar ao dia, abaixo do nível da pobreza definido pelo Banco Mundial.

Distinguindo-se pelas elevadas taxas de natalidade e de mortalidade e pela baixa expectativa de vida e abrigando uma população jovem, a África caracteriza-se pelo subdesenvolvimento. Aparecendo ao mesmo tempo como causa e consequência desse panorama, os setores econômicos em que os países africanos apresentam algum destaque constituem herança do seu passado colonial: o extrativismo e a agricultura - setores em que são baixos os investimentos e o custo da mão de obra - cuja produção é destinada a abastecer o mercado externo.

A incipiente industrialização do continente, por sua vez, está restrita a alguns pontos do território. Iniciou-se tardiamente, após o processo de descolonização, motivo pelo qual as indústrias africanas levam grande desvantagem em relação ao setor industrial altamente desenvolvido de países do Primeiro Mundo, ou mesmo de países subdesenvolvidos, mas industrializados, como o Brasil.

A base econômica da África está na agricultura, na criação de gado e no extrativismo mineral. A indústria é pouco desenvolvida.

Agricultura
A agricultura é praticada de duas maneiras bem distintas: a agricultura de subsistência e a agricultura comercial, onde sobressai a plantation.

A agricultura de subsistência ocorre quando o agricultor consegue uma produção apenas suficiente para o seu sustento e de sua família. Na África, os principais produtos cultivados são: mandioca, milho, batata-doce, arroz e inhame. É conhecido também como agricultura itinerante, porque com o uso de técnicas rudimentares o solo fica pobre, duro, sem fertilidade. Depois que isso ocorre, o agricultor abandona a área e procura outra, deixando atrás de si um solo esgotado para práticas agrícolas.

Na África como na América Latina, a agricultura comercial foi introduzida pelos europeus sob a forma da plantation. Sua finalidade é fornecer produtos tropicais para suprir as necessidades internas e o comércio externo das metrópoles. Os produtos visavam, e até hoje visam, às exportações; os principais são: café, cacau, chá, cana-de-açúcar, amendoim e algodão.

A agricultura comercial ocupou as melhores terras agrícolas e introduziu o emprego de técnicas modernas, como sementes selecionadas, adubação, irrigação, drenagem, mecanização, etc.. Tudo isso, porém, nunca teve como objetivo as necessidades alimentares do povo. Sempre visou só aos interesses do mercado internacional, e ao lucro dos países exploradores. E o que é pior, o emprego da mão de obra nativa, com baixos salários, além de retirar milhares de agricultores do campo, onde produziam seus próprios alimentos, não lhes deu poder aquisitivo para comprá-los em quantidades suficientes para manter suas famílias, geralmente numerosas.

O resultado é que muitos países africanos enfrentam uma verdadeira desorganização rural. Vários deles têm procurado importar alimentos básicos, outros não conseguem suprir nem as necessidades essenciais do povo. Com isso, a subnutrição e a fome têm feito milhares de vítimas no solo africano.

No extremo norte do continente, onde o clima é mediterrâneo, cultivam-se: oliveiras, trigo, cevada, uvas, figos, etc..

Pecuária
Os países africanos não são grandes criadores de gado. A criação, porém, representa um papel importante para os habitantes. Da mesma maneira que ocorre com as áreas agrícolas, o clima interfere muito no tipo de criação e na maneira de desenvolvê-la. De um modo geral, quase toda a criação é feita sem cuidados especiais e apresenta baixa produtividade.

A criação de ovinos é a principal. Com exceção da região equatorial, muito úmida ela aparece em todas as áreas. A República da África do Sul e a Etiópia são os maiores criadores.

O rebanho bovino é numericamente menor, pois os desertos e a floresta úmida dificultam muito seu desenvolvimento. As principais criações estão nas áreas mediterrâneas, nas estepes e nas savanas. A Etiópia é o maior criador. Nos trechos áridos e semiáridos das estepes aparece o pastoreio nômade.

Nas áreas mediterrâneas, além das criações de ovinos e bovinos, há também caprinos, camelos e dromedários. Estes últimos são importantíssimos meios de transporte no deserto.

sendo menos que a normal

Extrativismo mineral e energia
A África é um continente muito rico em fontes de energia e recursos minerais. Sua exploração começou no século XIX, principalmente com empresas norte-americanas e europeias. Tais empresas empregam mão de obra nativa, modernos e caros equipamentos e exploram os recursos minerais de quase todos os países. Atualmente, os grupos econômicos externos ao continente dominam a exploração mineral.

Tal como ocorreu com a agricultura, essa exploração sempre atendeu somente os interesses dos países exploradores. Para conseguir seus objetivos, esses países aparelharam portos e construíram ferrovias. Nunca, porém, com intenção de integrar populações ou regiões, mas sim para ligar a zona de mineração com o porto exportador. Quase toda a produção é exportada em estado bruto e se encaminha para a Europa, Estados Unidos e Japão.

Com raras exceções, os países africanos não possuem condições para transformar seus minérios em produtos. Não possuem capitais para aparelhar portos, construir ferrovias, rodovias e aeroportos, nem para comprar todos os equipamentos necessários; também não têm tecnologia para construí-los. Além disso, não podem contar com mão de obra especializada em número suficiente.

Os principais produtos minerais são:

 minerais metálicos: manganês, bauxita, zinco, chumbo, níquel, cobalto, ferro;
 minerais não-metálicos: fosfatos, urânio, petróleo;
 minerais preciosos: ouro (cerca de três quartos da produção mundial), diamantes e prata.

A África também é muito rica em fontes de energia. O petróleo é produzido principalmente na Nigéria, em Angola, na Líbia e na Argélia. O setor hidrelétrico é rico. O continente possui um dos maiores potenciais do mundo, explicado pela presença de grandes e médios rios, correndo em áreas de planaltos. Apesar do grande potencial, a Africa apresenta pequena produção de eletricidade. Como ela não pode ser exportada, sua exploração não oferece nenhum interesse para os países exploradores.

As reservas de urânio são as maiores do mundo, da mesma forma que sua produção. Como acontece com os outros minerais, o urânio também é explorado por grupos econômicos estrangeiros.

Como podemos observar, a África é um continente muito rico em recursos minerais, mas quando esses recursos são transformados em riquezas, poucos são os africanos que se beneficiam. Além do mais, os recursos estão espalhados em seu território, favorecendo os países de maneira muito irregular.

Indústria
Como já foi dito, no continente africano a indústria é bem modesta. As indústrias mais comuns são as que transformam as matérias-primas em produtos para exportação, como por exemplo usinas de açúcar, fábricas de óleos comestíveis, indústrias de beneficiamento de fibras de algodão, lã, sisal, etc..

Nas últimas décadas também começaram a aparecer indústrias com técnicas avançadas e material caro e sofisticado. Estas, porém, invariavelmente pertencem a empresas internacionais e visam produzir para a exportação. Instalaram-se na África pela vantagem de conseguir minérios, mão de obra e energia baratos.

As grandes indústrias de base — siderúrgicas, químicas etc. — aparecem em poucos países, como a África do Sul e o Egito. As indústrias que visam ao consumo interno são: alimentares; têxteis, que utilizam as fibras comuns na África, como algodão, lã e agave ou sisal; de materiais de construção; de cigarros e outras. Os eletrodomésticos não são muito consumidos. Uma das causas é a pequena produção e consumo de energia elétrica.

Dos países africanos o mais industrializado é a República da África do Sul. Apesar dos grandes recursos, os países africanos são pouco desenvolvidos industrialmente. Isso não quer dizer que vários deles não tenham procurado saídas para o problema. Em alguns, tem-se tentado reduzir a importação, incentivando a industrialização de produtos básicos. Atualmente, têm sido feitos também estudos e planejamentos com a finalidade de evitar desperdícios de recursos.

Bibliografia

 RODNEY, Walter. How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1982. 312 p ISBN 0882580965 (broch.)

Ver também
 Colonialismo
 África negra
 História da África

Ligações externas

 AfroChamber - Câmara de Comércio Afro-Brasileira

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Estonian students are third in Europe, after Finland and Ireland, for their reading skills and their knowledge of mathematics and science subjects, reports a recent European Commission survey. According to the Education Ministry the share of students with a 'poor achievement level' in science subjects is three times lower in Estonia than is the average in Europe. The share of adults in life-long learning programs has sharply increased. This is reflected in an improvement, where data from 2000 shows that Estonia's results were one of the lowest (6.7 percent of adults), but in 2008 it was firmly among the average in Europe, at 9.8 percent. For persons aged from 18 to 24, Estonia is close to the European average in the number of people dropping out of school. This level was 15.1 percent in 2000 and 14.4 percent in 2007, dropping to 14 percent last year. The report says that although achievement of four of the five educational aims set for 2010 seems unlikely to be met, the country stands out with its results.
The Board of the President of the Republic's Cultural Foundation has granted this year's Young Scientist Award to Mait Muntel, a researcher at the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics. He specializes in research of highenergy physics. President Ilves presented the award on Dec.14, reports Internet site president ee. Muntel defended his doctoral dissertation in 2008 at Tartu University, the subject of the paper being 'Detection of the Double- Charged Higgs's Boson with a CMS-Detector." While researching his doctorate, he also worked at the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics and Institute of Theoretical Physics of the same university. The award comes with a 75,000 kroons' (4,800 euros) prize, and is financed by entrepreneur Toomas Luman. The award is intended for young Estonian scientists under the age of 35, who have a doctoral degree and are conducting research at an Estonian or foreign university. Last year Ilves gave the award to Veronika Kalmus, a sociologist and media scholar.
A new Eurobarometer survey showed that Estonians are more worried about becoming unemployed than people in any other EU member state, reports bbn. ee. In reference to the survey, the European Commission said that 68 percent of Estonians who responded to the survey said that this was the primary concern for them. This is notably more than the EU average of 51 percent expressing these concerns. In a related question, 54 percent of Europeans believe that worsening unemployment is still to come. However, 38 percent, or 10 percent more than in the spring, said that they believe that the crisis has already peaked. Around 30 percent of Europeans believe that the next 12 months will be better, while 38 percent say it will be the same and 21 percent are confident that things will deteriorate; 11 percent offered no opinion. The survey was made by TNS between Oct. 23 and Nov. 18, interviewing a total of 30,238 people.


Panyim, K and Krishnamurthy, P and Le, A (2013) On secure connectivity with adjusting power to cope with jamming in sensor networks. In: UNSPECIFIED.
Key pre-distribution in nodes is often employed to address the problems of security with a single secret key and management with pair-wise secret keys in ad hoc and sensor networks. Sensor nodes can establish secure links with their neighbors through shared key predistributed before node deployment. At the ends of the spectrum of key pre-distribution schemes are random and deployment based key pre-distribution. Random key pre-distribution suffers from a smaller probability of sharing keys with neighbors. Deployment based key pre-distribution has a near 100% probability of sharing keys with immediate neighbors but not with nodes that are further away. When a network is jammed and jamming coping techniques (such as increase in power, use of directional antennas, and spatial retreats) are used, the nodes that are new neighbors due to changes in physical connectivity may or may not share keys with a given node. In this paper, we examine the impact of increasing transmission power to cope with jamming on secure connectivity (provided by different key predistribution schemes) in ad hoc and sensor networks. © 2013 IEEE.


text:
Ex-mayor implicated in burglary at Blitar Mayor's residence
Bappenas seeks UNESCO recognition for 12 Indonesian geoparks
VP Amin highlights year-on-year decline in poverty rate
NTT to host Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030 informative activities
BI, Navy cooperate to circulate rupiah in North Maluku's 3T areas
Astana, Kazakhstan . (ANTARA/Anton Santoso)
Our world faced numerous difficulties in 2022, with some being familiar, while others we might not have imagined just a year ago.
The situation in Ukraine has particularly influenced the entire world, including indirectly through economic downturns and unsettling geopolitical tensions.
The war's after-effects have had an impact on all the economies, including of Kazakhstan, and the dangers of a worldwide recession and skyrocketing inflation are undermining business sentiment in the Central Asian area.
Kazakhstan could have turned inward against this difficult backdrop, especially given the tragic events that occurred in our country in January when we faced a coup attempt through armed violence.
At that time, several people were skeptical that Kazakhstan would ever recover. Some questioned whether this would be achieved, despite our pledges and firm commitments to reform, democratization, and continued protection of human rights.
As we near the end of this turbulent year, we can confidently state that Kazakhstan has kept its promises.
We have transformed our country through significant political and socioeconomic initiatives in addition to demonstrating our resilience and stability.
Following a nationwide referendum in June, it implemented constitutional amendments to reduce presidential powers, ensure a more influential parliament and an independent constitutional court, create new political parties, hold direct election of mayors, and make other important changes.
Related news: Over 68.33 mln Indonesians get third dose of COVID-19 vaccine
In November, our country held a presidential election under the new Constitution. This means that all future heads of state, including current President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, will serve a single seven-year term without the right to be re-elected.
Fair and transparent elections have been an important milestone in our country's democratic development.
The tragic events of January also taught us valuable lessons. Many of those who took part in the riots were granted amnesty. In addition, concrete measures were taken to prevent human rights violations.
Our collective efforts over the past 12 months have contributed to the development of a Just and Fair Kazakhstan that includes a prosperous society and a political system that is more vibrant, dynamic, and competitive.
Kazakhstan will have another significant year in 2023. Within the first six months, there will be elections for parliament.
Prior to the election, several new political parties have already emerged, adding to political plurality and competition.
In single-mandate constituencies, independent candidates will also be eligible to run for office for the first time in 18 years.
While transforming the domestic political system, we have not forgotten our international obligations.
The 6th summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, which we established 30 years ago to improve cooperation for peace, security, and stability in Asia, took place in our capital in October.
Related news: Year-ender: COVID-19 under control, Indonesia gears up for relaxation
The Central Asian heads of state met with the European Council President Charles Michel in Astana in the same month.
It coincided with the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Central Asian nations and the European Union, which was symbolic.
We held the VII Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions a month earlier.
It was the first visit of Pope Francis, as head of the Catholic Church to Kazakhstan, since Pope John Paul II in 2001 featured over 100 delegations from 50 nations.
During the same time, we welcomed China's President Xi Jinping, whose first trip abroad following the COVID-19 pandemic was a state visit to Kazakhstan.
The domestic and foreign policy course taken by Kazakhstan has opened the door to enhanced cooperation with Indonesia, especially in the economic sphere.
There is a significant positive trend in bilateral trade volume recently. If last year, the trade turnover was US$174.2 million, a growth rate of over 100 percent, during 10 months of this year, it increased by 83 percent to US$295.4 million.
In August, we opened the Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan in Surabaya as a bridge connecting the business circles of our countries.
The 1st Kazakh-Indonesian Trade and Investment Forum was successfully held during the same time. In September, we organized a familiarization trip for core tourist agencies of ASITA to Kazakhstan to promote tourism.
Certainly, the main mechanism for streamlining the realization of economic potential is the Kazakh-Indonesian Joint Commission for Economic Cooperation.
Several measures are planned to be conducted next year along with the Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs of Indonesia.
Our efforts are focused on concrete areas: strengthening legal framework, investments, oil & gas, mining and manufacturing industry, financial sector, logistics, and healthcare.
Moreover, a lot of work is being done in close interaction with the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
We are striving to consolidate Kazakh and Indonesian exporters and entrepreneurs on one web platform for operational communication, publishing information about their products, projects, orders, logistics routes, etc.
In the second quarter of 2023, we are expecting the visit of KADIN to Kazakhstan to hold the 2nd Kazakh-Indonesian Trade and Investment Forum and establish the Kazakh-Indonesian Business Council.
Related news: Christmas momentum to maintain ties of brotherhood: House Speaker
We also aim to further develop cultural interaction and encourage citizens of both countries to travel to know more about each other.
This will create mutual understanding and respect for their respective histories, culture, and civilization and the beauty and nature of the two countries.
Overall, the future development of Kazakh-Indonesian ties has enormous potential. We have plenty of work to do to increase the beneficial outcomes of those bilateral ties.
As the world looks to navigate the challenges associated with current geopolitical and economic hardships, closer cooperation between Kazakhstan and Indonesia becomes essential.
We are determined to strengthen our ties with Indonesia in the coming year that marks the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between our countries.
We have established a solid foundation upon which to expand our cooperation. I have every reason to believe that we will accomplish our objectives together, as we share a desire for strong ties. (INE)
*) Daniyar Sarekenov is an extraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the Republic of Indonesia.
*) The views and opinions expressed on this page are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the ANTARA News Agency.
Related news: Indonesia adds 468 daily COVID-19 cases
By Daniyar Sarekenov
High waves, strong winds damaged 27 fishing boats: Pamekasan BPBD
Indonesia-Kazakhstan meeting centers on enhancing economic cooperation
Kazakhstan president conveys condolences to Lion Air victims
Asian Games (water polo) - Kazakhstan wins gold medal after defeating Japan
2nd September 2018
Asian Games (water polo) - Kazakhstan beats South Korea in first match
Asian Games (cycling race) - Kazakhstan wins gold medal in ITT event
Asian Games (volleyball) - Kazakhstan beats India in three sets
Asian Games (volley ball) - Japan defeats Kazakhstan 3-2 in tough game
Asian Games (beach volleyball) - Qatari men`s team beats Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan asks Indonesia to continue to focus on world peace
Indonesia, Kazakhstan expected to represent peaceful Islam
House expects bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Kazakhstan to improve
Kazakhstan eager to learn Indonesia's soft approaches on counterterrorism
RI President, First Lady join fun walk of NU's 100th anniversary


A service was held Friday, March 22, 2019 at Our Savior's Catholic Church in Cocoa Beach Florida for Betty Gray, 95 of Cocoa Beach and Palm Cottages, Rockledge. She was the daughter of Howard Level and E. Pearl Bush.
Mrs. Gray was the wife of 1st Lt John Shoemaker, who was killed in Korea, and Dr. Robert Gray, of Cocoa Beach, who passed away in 2002. Her son Bruce Shoemaker also pre deceased her in 2005.
Mrs. Gray Is survived by her children Dan Shoemaker of Cocoa Florida, Jan Shoemaker Clampffer of Melbourne Fl, Jennifer Gray Cribbs of Lake Hughes, CA, Susan Gray Hunt of Merritt Island, FL and Gary Gray of Merritt Island FL . She is also survived by five grandchildren and several great grandchildren.


text:
Ents & Arts
COVID-19: UK vaccine advisory body not recommending jabs for healthy 12 to 15-year-olds - but chief medical officers to review decision further
The Joint Committee on Vaccine and Immunisation (JCVI) has already announced it is widening the limited rollout to the most at-risk children in this age bracket who have underlying health conditions.
Sophie Morris
Political reporter @itssophiemorris
Saturday 4 September 2021 03:35, UK
Image: The UK's vaccine advisory body is not recommending jabs for healthy 12 to 15-year-olds
Why you can trust Sky News
Coronavirus vaccines for healthy children aged between 12 and 15 are not being recommended by the UK's vaccine advisory body - but the country's four chief medical officers are to review the matter further before a final decision is made.
The assessment provided by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) is that the COVID jab should not be recommended to those in this age group on health grounds alone, but the body has advised the government to look at "wider issues" including the impact of the virus on schooling.
The UK's four chief medical officers will provide further advice on the vaccination of young people in this age group following the assessment provided by the JCVI on Friday, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) said.
Image: The independent medicines regulator, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), has approved the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for those aged 12 and over
The chief medical officers will convene experts and senior leaders in clinical and public health to consider the issue and will then present their advice to ministers on whether a universal programme of vaccinating healthy 12 to 15-year-olds should be taken forward, the department added.
The independent medicines regulator, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), has approved the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for those aged 12 and over after they met strict standards of safety and effectiveness.
The JCVI has announced it is widening the limited rollout to the most at-risk children in this age bracket who have underlying health conditions - including chronic major heart, lung, kidney, liver and neurological conditions.
But coronavirus presents a very low risk for healthy children, and on Friday, the JCVI said it has determined the benefit of vaccinating them is only marginal in terms of their health.
More on Covid-19
COVID-19: Omicron 'in retreat' and England in 'next chapter' of COVID fight, says Sajid Javid as Plan B scrapped
COVID: UK reports 108,069 new coronavirus cases and 359 more deaths
COVID-19: The government's Omicron strategy was a gamble that paid off - will lifting Plan B rules be the same?
Health Secretary Sajid Javid said the government will "consider the advice from the chief medical officers, building on the advice from the JCVI, before making a decision shortly".
This is expected to take several days.
Image: The JCVI has advised the government to look at 'wider issues' including the impact of the virus on schooling
The announcement came as one member of the JCVI, Professor Jeremy Brown, speaking in a personal capacity, told Sky News the advisory body are "still evaluating the data" surrounding the vaccines.
"At the moment we are still evaluating the data and there isn't any clear evidence that the vaccines that were given in this country so far have faded in their efficacy of preventing severe infection and hospitalisation - which is really the most important thing the vaccines are designed to prevent," he said.
"So, there isn't a huge pressure yet for us to get the vaccines going very soon. So we do have time to make that decision in a carefully considered way and get the vaccine booster jabs going later this year."
'No clear evidence' that UK vaccine efficacy is fading
Meanwhile, in a statement following the JCVI's report, Mr Javid said he is grateful for the group's expert advice.
"People aged 12 to 15 who are clinically vulnerable to the virus have already been offered a COVID-19 vaccine, and today we'll be expanding the offer to those with conditions such as sickle cell disease or type 1 diabetes to protect even more vulnerable children," he said.
"Along with health ministers across the four nations, I have today written to the chief medical officers to ask that they consider the vaccination of 12 to 15-year-olds from a broader perspective, as suggested by the JCVI.
"We will then consider the advice from the chief medical officers, building on the advice from the JCVI, before making a decision shortly."
Image: The UK's four chief medical officers, including England's chief medical officer Professor Chris Whitty, will now consider the matter further
The JCVI investigated the extremely rare events of inflammation of the heart muscle, known as myocarditis, after Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.
The condition can result in short periods of hospital observation, followed by typically swift recoveries, but the JCVI has concluded the medium to long-term outcomes are still uncertain and more follow-up time is needed to get a clearer picture.
The health secretary has asked the NHS to put preparations in place to roll out vaccinations to 12 to 15-year-olds, should it be recommended by the chief medical officers despite the JCVI's advice.
If this group is offered the vaccine, parental or carer consent will be sought, just as with other school immunisation programmes, DHSC said.
Analysis: Ministers face difficult decision on whether to overrule JCVI's finding
In its advisory report published on Friday, the JCVI said "the available evidence indicates that the individual health benefits from COVID-19 vaccination are small in those aged 12 to 15 years who do not have underlying health conditions which put them at risk of severe COVID-19".
It added: "The potential risks from vaccination are also small, with reports of post-vaccination myocarditis being very rare, but potentially serious and still in the process of being described.
"Given the rarity of these events and the limited follow-up time of children and young people with post-vaccination myocarditis, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the health risks associated with these adverse events.
"Overall, the committee is of the opinion that the benefits from vaccination are marginally greater than the potential known harms, but acknowledges that there is considerable uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the potential harms.
"The margin of benefit, based primarily on a health perspective, is considered too small to support advice on a universal programme of vaccination of otherwise healthy 12 to 15-year-old children at this time.
"As longer-term data on potential adverse reactions accrue, greater certainty may allow for a reconsideration of the benefits and harms. Such data may not be available for several months."
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Professor Adam Finn, a member of the JCVI, said the advisory group's recommendation not to roll the coronavirus vaccine out to children younger than 15 has been based on a "risk-benefit balance" which considered the fact there has been a "very small number of deaths in this age group from COVID".
He told a news briefing on Friday: "Although the vaccine works and would be beneficial in the sense of preventing infection and some severe disease from COVID, there are significant uncertainties around the safety of the vaccine that have not yet been clarified such that we can't be sure that the risk-benefit balance is sufficiently good in favour and to the benefit of those children to recommend it."
But one school leaders' union said they were "disappointed" that COVID vaccines for healthy children aged between 12 and 15 are not being recommended by the UK's vaccine advisory body.
Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL), said: "We understand that this decision has been made after making an assessment of the balance of risks and with all the available evidence, and we respect that decision.
"Nevertheless, the upshot is that this would make it more difficult during the autumn term and beyond to guard against educational disruption caused by transmission of the virus."
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Q: Camera/View matrix After reading through this article (http://3dgep.com/?p=1700) it seems to imply I got my view matrix wrong. Here's how I compute the view matrix;
Mat4 Camera::Orientation() const
{
    Quaternion rotation;
    rotation = glm::angleAxis(mVerticalAngle, Vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
    rotation = rotation * glm::angleAxis(mHorizontalAngle, Vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

    return glm::toMat4(rotation);
}

Mat4 Camera::GetViewMatrix() const
{
    return Orientation() * glm::translate(Mat4(1.0f), -mTranslation);
}

Supposedly, I am to invert this resulting matrix, but I have not so far and it has work excellently thus far, and I'm not doing any inverting down the pipeline either. Is there something I am missing here?

A: You already did the inversion. The view matrix is the inverse of the model transformation that positions the camera. This is:
ModelCamera = Translation(position) * Rotation

So the inverse is:
ViewMatrix = (Translation(position) * Rotation)^-1
           = Rotation^-1 * Translation(position)^-1

The translation is inverted by negating the offset:
           = Rotation^-1 * Translation(-position)

This leaves us with inverting the rotation. We can assume that the rotation is inverted. Thus, the original rotation of the camera model is
Rotation^-1 = RotationX(verticalAngle) * RotationY(horizontalAngle)
Rotation    = (RotationX(verticalAngle) * RotationY(horizontalAngle))^-1
            = RotationY(horizontalAngle)^-1 * RotationX(verticalAngle)^-1
            = RotationY(-horizontalAngle) * RotationX(-verticalAngle)

So the angles you specify are actually the inverted angles that would rotate the camera. If you increase horizontalAngle, the camera should turn to the right (assuming a right-handed coordinate system). That's just a matter of definitions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The self-portrait for this week's contribution to my 52 Weeks of Self-Portraits was taken during a walk around the harbour in Vieux-Montreal on Thursday. I was walking around listening to Our Lady Peace and just enjoying the crisp air that happens when it's about to rain (it did rain on me a little bit towards the end). I had a discussion with Victor about the photo because he doesn't think a photo of my feet constitutes a 'self-portrait' which I argued is fair but at the same time – it is a body part. I've also included a photo of my feet before in this project so I've already created a president anyways. I had planned to take another photo but I fell in love this multiple exposure, and how the pebbles of the pavement made the shot of the harbour look like it is under shallow water or being besieged in snow. I took a few as well by the Clock tower, perhaps it was my cloud socks that attracted me – I have a habit of taking photos of my socks and leggings. Lol. They are my favourite fashion accessory but I know there are those that groan at people who take photos of their feet…I just can't help it. I am hopefully changing my dull faded hair color this week btw as my hair dye is finally being shipped! I wish it was possible to find Special Effects dye in Montreal. Sadly I have to buy from Vancouver so it takes a little while. You'll have to see next week what color I've decided to do.


text:
Bolivia Gives Legal Rights To The Earth!!!! VIVA BOLIVIA!!
Bolivia Gives Legal Rights To The Earth
from earthweareone.com
Law of Mother Earth sees Bolivia pilot new social and economic model based on protection of and respect for nature.
Bolivia is to become the first country in the world to give nature comprehensive legal rights in an effort to halt climate change and the exploitation of the natural world, and to improve quality of life for the Bolivian people.
Developed by grassroots social groups and agreed by politicians, the Law of Mother Earth recognises the rights of all living things, giving the natural world equal status to human beings.
Once fully approved, the legislation will provide the Earth with rights to: life and regeneration; biodiversity and freedom from genetic modification; pure water; clean air; naturally balanced systems; restoration from the effects of human activity; and freedom from contamination.
The legislation is based on broader principles of living in harmony with the Earth and prioritising the "collective good." At its heart is an understanding that the Earth is sacred, which arises from the indigenous Andean worldview of 'Pachamama' (meaning Mother Earth) as a living being. An initial act outlining the rights – which was passed by Bolivia's national congress in December 2010 and paves the way for the full legislation – defines Mother Earth as a dynamic and "indivisible community of all living systems and living organisms, interrelated, interdependent and complementary, which share a common destiny."
Bolivia's government will be legally bound to prioritise the wellbeing of its citizens and the natural world by developingpolicies that promote sustainability and control industry. The economy must operate within the limits of nature and the country is to work towards energy and food sovereignty while adopting renewable energy technologies and increasing energy efficiency.Preventing climate change is a key objective of the law, which includes protecting the lives of future generations. The government is requesting that rich countries help Bolivia adapt to the effects of climate change in recognition of the environmental debt they owe for their high carbon emissions. Bolivia is "particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change," according to an Oxfam report in 2009, with increasing drought, melting glaciers and flooding.
On the international stage, the government will have a legal duty to promote the uptake of rights for Mother Earth, while also advocating peace and the elimination of all nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. Following a change in Bolivia's constitution in 2009, the law is part of a complete overhaul of the legal system. It represents a shift away from the western development model to a more holistic vision, based on the indigenous concept of Vivir Bien (to live well).
The proposal for the law states: "Living Well means adopting forms of consumption, behaviour and and conduct that are not degrading to nature. It requires an ethical and spiritual relationship with life. Living Well proposes the complete fulfilment of life and collective happiness."
Unity Pact, an umbrella group for five Bolivian social movements, prepared the draft law. They represent over 3m people and all of the country's 36 indigenous groups, the majority of whom are smallscale farmers with many still living on their ancestral lands. The bill protects their livelihoods and diverse cultures from the impacts of industry.
Undarico Pinto, a leader of the social movement Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia, said: "It will make industry more transparent. It will allow people to regulate industry at national, regional and local levels."Signifying a fundamental shift away from exploitation of nature, the draft law referrers to mineral resources as "blessings" and states that Mother Earth, "is sacred, fertile and the source of life that feeds and cares for all living beings in her womb. She is in permanent balance, harmony and communication with the cosmos."
A Ministry of Mother Earth is to be established to promote the new rights and ensure they are complied with. But with its economy currently dependent on exports of natural resources, earning nearly a third of its foreign currency – around £300m a year – from mining companies, Bolivia will need to balance its new obligations against the demands of industry.
Bolivia Rain forest
The full law is expected to pass within the next few months and is unlikely to face any significant opposition because the ruling party, the Movement Towards Socialism, has a considerable majority in parliament. Its leader, President Evo Morales, voiced a commitment to the initiative at the World People's Conference on Climate change, held in Bolivia in April 2010.
The Law of Mother Earth includes the following:
The right to maintain the integrity of life and natural processes.
The right to not have cellular structure modified or geneticallyaltered.
The right to continue vital cycles and processes free from human alteration.
The right to pure water.
The right to clean air.
The right to balance, to be at equilibrium.
The right to be free of toxic and radioactive pollution.
The right to not be affected by mega-infrastructure and development projects that affect the balance of ecosystems and the local inhabitant communities
The law also promotes "harmony" and "peace" and "the elimination of all nuclear, chemical, biological" weapons.
Charles Bowden on "Murder City: Ciudad Juárez and the Global Economy's New Killing Fields"
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/4/14/charles_bowden_murder_city_ciudad_jurez?gclid=CjwKEAjwzeihBRCQ84bhxrz_0w8SJAAohyh1swjxaTF01LPI0XpL3WLw9ZInTU2MllVejm3U_4bLmRoCDFvw_wcB
STUDENTS MASSACRE IN MEXICO...
Anatomy of a Mexican Student MassacreFor almost a century a teacher's college in rural Mexico has been training educators and activists. Last month, dozens were abducted and slaughtered—by the police.
MEXICO CITY — Twelve days ago, police and unidentified gunmen believed to be members of a drug cartel ambushed a caravan of college student activists in the state of Guerrero, about half way from Mexico City to Acapulco.
Near the central plaza in the town of Iguala, a total of six persons were shot to death. Three were student activists from the Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Teachers College of Ayotzinapa. Three additional shooting victims were a semiprofessional soccer player riding in one of the three buses, a taxi driver, and his female passenger. But most likely they were unintended victims caught in the line of fire. There's no question the students were the target.
One who survived the first fusillade, a 19-year-old named Julio César Mondragón, panicked and, over the objections of classmates who said they should stay together, ran away on his own. He was later found dead and horribly disfigured; a photo of his corpse has gone viral in Mexico: it shows the face stripped away to the bare skull underneath.
Survivors of the incident report that the police and thugs attacked the students three times. They sprayed one of the buses with machine gun fire. One eyewitness reported seeing the police force students out of another bus at gunpoint. In addition to the three students killed, 17 student activists were wounded. But they may have been the lucky ones. As many as 44 others were abducted. Some reports say they were taken away in police vehicles. None of them have been seen since September 26.
The precise motives for the killings are difficult to determine, but the students come from a school that has been training rural teachers—and activists—for the better part of a century. Their commitment to helping small farmers and farm workers in the rugged, semi-feudal countryside often has put them at odds with the local powers that be. And when you add to that the cozy relationship that exists today between some of those powers and narcotics traffickers, the situation is explosive.
A foretaste of last month's massacre took place on May 30, 2013, after an activist group called Popular Unity of Iguala demanded that the city's mayor, José Luis Albarca Velázquez, provide fertilizer to poor farmers in the area. Six of the group's members were kidnapped, including its leader, Arturo Hernández Cardona, who was killed along with two others. One of the kidnapping victims, an activist named Nicolás Mendoza Vila, managed to escape and later made a statement to the authorities that he watched the mayor himself pull the trigger of the gun that killed Hernández Cardona.
A photo of his corpse has gone viral in Mexico: it shows the face stripped away to the bare skull underneath.
The murdered activist's widow, Sofia Mendoza, requested that the federal prosecutor's office revoke Mayor Albarca Velázquez's mandate in light of the murders. But Mexican Attorney General Jesús Murillo Karam determined that his office had no jurisdiction over what he deemed "a local matter." After this latest slaughter last month, the widow said, "The events that occurred on September 26 could have been avoided if anyone had listened to us."
The initial shock of the police rampage that day had barely set in when the attorney general for the state of Guerrero, Iñaky Blanco Cabrera, announced that over the weekend investigators had exhumed the contents of six mass graves discovered on a densely wooded parcel of land outside of Iguala. The assumption was that the abducted students might be among the cadavers. The initial body count was estimated at 28, but subsequent reports raised the estimate to 34.
Now the Mexican Federal Government has taken note. A cordon of about 200 Mexican Army soldiers, Marines and Federal Police stood guard as the bodies were exhumed from a hilly stretch of nearly inaccessible woodland known as Pueblo Viejo. The bodies had been piled onto dry branches and logs, doused in gasoline, and set afire. DNA testing is underway to identity the cadavers, which at the time of discovery were burned beyond recognition. But four members of a drug cartel known as Guerreros Unidos that operates in Iguala, who are currently in police custody, told investigators that they knew of 17 student activists transported to the killing ground of Pueblo Viejo.
Twenty-two police officers from Iguala are now in Federal custody for homicide and kidnapping in the case, along with the four alleged drug traffickers believed to have colluded with them. Video surveillance cameras posted on a highway overpass filmed the moment when police pickup trucks drove past at top speed, each carrying a load of detainees.
Abominable acts of violence have become common enough in Mexico that the public has built up a tolerance for such news. But the details of this massacre have been especially difficult to absorb. The victims are young, all between the ages of 19 and 23, and their murders and kidnappings have every appearance of being politically motivated.
Indeed, there are echoes of some very bad days, of uprisings and repressions on a ferocious scale, in what suddenly does not feel like such a distant past. The timing of the violence against the students has particular resonance and has stirred public sentiment. It happened just six days before the annual march in Mexico City to commemorate the horrific student massacre in Tlatelolco Plaza on October 2, 1968, when the government moved to crush political opposition by gunning down scores, and perhaps hundreds, of protestors shortly before the opening of that year's summer Olympics.
This year the students from the Ayotzinapa teachers college had come to Iguala from their school in the town of Tixtla, about two hours away, to solicit donations to pay for school supplies and to cover transportation costs to the Tlatelolco march in Mexico City.
Will justice be done this time, as it clearly was not a year ago? It seems unlikely.
In the aftermath of the latest killings and kidnappings, the mayor of Iguala, Albarca Velázquez—the alleged trigger man in the last round of killings—requested a 30-day leave of absence. The city council granted it. The mayor has since gone into hiding along with his chief of police, Felipe Flores Velázquez, who is the mayor's first cousin. On Monday the state prosecutor's office initiated proceedings to strip the mayor of his office and issue a warrant for his and his cousin the police chief's arrest. They are now considered fugitives from justice.
After the violence in Iguala, it's not surprising that the governor of Guerrero, Ángel Aguirre Ribero, accused Mayor Albarca Velázquez and his administration of close ties to organized crime. He even offered a reward of 1 million pesos ($74,000) for information leading to the safe return of the student activists. But the governor's critics say he was instrumental in protecting the mayor from prosecution last year because they are both from the same political party, the Party of the Democratic Revolution.
In light of the oppression visible now, and for many generations past, it is almost a miracle the Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Teachers College of Ayotzinapa has been able to survive. It was founded in 1926 in the aftermath of the last full-fledged Mexican Revolution to address the challenge of primary school education for children living in impoverished farming communities.
The curriculum at Ayotzinapa includes instruction in native indigenous languages, as well as laborious field observations and student teaching assignments in far flung villages.
The slogan of Ayotzinapa is "the cradle of social consciousness," and its student body of 520 is renowned for political activism, which critics refer to as strident. The school provides room and board to students from some of the poorest families in Mexico. As part of the curriculum and as a means to reduce expenses, the students work the fields behind the school and raise livestock, hogs and chickens.
Ayotzinapa, like other rural teachers colleges in Mexico, has long resisted attempts to phase it out or to throw out its model for public education. So it continues to make local authorities and their ruthless cronies uneasy. Two of its students were murdered in a paramilitary attack on the school in 2011.
And maybe there is reason for the old order to worry. Lucio Cabañas and Genaro Vásquez studied at Ayotzinapa, both became teachers in the countryside, and both became famous martyrs during a guerrilla insurgency in the mountains of Guerrero. That was back during Mexico's Dirty War of the 1960s and 70s—the time of Tlatelolco.
The current generation of Ayotzinapa students and teachers has opposed the federal government's education reform and stood with teachers to oppose changes to hiring protocols. Last year they joined with the widows of the men from Popular Unity in calling for an investigation into the triple homicide. Together they briefly occupied Iguala's city hall to demand a full investigation.
The students of Ayotzinapa have set up a protest across the federal highway that links Iguala to Acapulco to demand the police in Iguala return their classmates alive.
But as the forensic scientists continue sifting through the remains of the mass graves, that possibility seems remote.
Fonda la Catrina exhibits a talent for Mexican sauces and more
The aromas of garlic, cilantro, mole, slow-cooked pork, freshly made tortillas and roasted peppers waft out of the open kitchen at Fonda la Catrina in Georgetown to remind patrons that despite the artsy setting this restaurant is all about the food.
By Tryone Beason
Seattle Times staff reporter.
Nestled in a pleasantly gritty section of Georgetown across from an old brewery building, Fonda la Catrina bills itself as a contemporary Mexican restaurant and cantina that treats "food as art." That's an apt description because owner Enrique Trejo has given the former Tileworks building where the restaurant is located the sleekness of a downtown gallery, complete with polished concrete floors and works by Latin American artists on the walls.
But the appetizing aromas of garlic, cilantro, mole, slow-cooked pork, freshly made tortillas and roasted peppers wafting out of the open kitchen remind diners that despite the artsy trappings, this place is all about the food.
The menu: A simple menu executed with an expertly balanced mix of earthy and springy ingredients makes for a dining experience that is undeniably crowd-pleasing if not especially challenging. The luscious but light cactus salad ($3) and creamy guacamole with thick, homemade tortilla chips ($4) work well against hearty platters of pork braised in green sauce with pinto beans, Yukon Gold potatoes and grilled cactus ($12); chicken enchiladas in green or red sauce ($8); tacos filled with chorizo, pork or steak ($6.50-$8); and tamales with chicken and roasted tomatoes or pork with tomatillos ($4).
What to write home about: The spicy, chocolaty, smoky brown sauce on the mole poblano enchilada special ($9) somehow managed to be magnificent, despite some of the listed ingredients (plantains and anise, in particular) lacking prominence in the dish and the fact that the chicken version was served instead of the vegetarian option we ordered.
The green sauce on the enchiladas verdes had a memorable brightness, thanks to lots of citrus and cilantro.
The setting: Candlelight and industrial chic prevail. Trejo, a former contractor, used reclaimed wood and metal to bring warmth to the open, gallerylike space.
Summing up: Guacamole and chips with a side of red salsa ($5), cactus salad ($3), enchiladas verdes ($8) and mole poblano enchiladas ($9) came to $25 plus tax and tip.
Tyrone Beason: 206-464-2251 or tbearson@seattletimes.coml
From Angielena Vitale Chamberlain
Dear Georgetown you are in for a tasty surprise!
LA CATRINA fresh Mexican food is finally OPEN!
Located in the old Tileworks building the doors and kitchen of La Catrina Restaurant are finally open. After a year and a half of hard work,renovations and struggle Enrique Trejo has opened his beloved LA CATRINA this restaurant is worth the wait as you will see when you eat there yourself . Named after the Grand Dame LA CATRINA from the Mexican folklore tradition ,this restaurant trully exudes class. One of the first things you will feel when you enter is the all encompassing warmth and liveliness of the space. Not only is the fresh Mexican food wonderfully flavored but the kindness of the staff seems to be a philosophical choice for Enrique the owner and creator of La Catrina. I felt respected as a person and I can't tell you how important that is to me when I am spending hard earned money to eat out. Also attention to details in food,drink and the completely re- done interior of the space makes for a seamless experience.
The building of La Catrina
Enrique has years of experience working with mostly recycled items in his former construction company and he applied this earth friendly approach to creating the open yet eclectic space within the restaurant. He used the old metal slide up door and turned it into a wall so that patrons do not look directly into the bathrooms. He has managed to apply a slight industrial awareness to creating one of the coolest spaces around. A lovely mural on the south wall was created by Rene Julio Diaz and features the enticing colors of beautiful Mexico . I saw him painting the mural a few days before they opened and I was really impressed with his painting skills and the subject matter. You can see the mural from the street and it creates a charming and subtle extra bit of taste to an already classy environment. It's definitely the final aesthetic touch that brought a year and a half of hard work to a beautiful close.
Now onto the food (my favorite part)
Firstly the food is very affordable ranging from around $7 to $14 I think this is going to be a major bonus in the neighborhood.
I visited on opening night and the Chef (Robert M Palmquist - AKA Bobby) came personally to our table and explained the beautifully presented food and fresh warm tortillas, fresh chips and delicious guacamole where plentiful. I sampled about three dishes that night and found them all to be very exciting and flavorful. My Favorite was the Puerco en salsa Verde, even though I normally do not eat pork I decided to break the rules for this dish because the flavor wafted up to my nose and I suddenly could not say "NO" to the Puerco.
Libations and outside patios
The bartender was very sweet and created an amazing drink called "The Fresca" that had an amazing fresh taste and had fresh cilantro mulled into it....but that said I really love cilantro. For the non Cilantro loving people out there she also made a fresh fruit sangria type spritzer that is going to taste REALLY good on the outside patio this summer. One of the few amazing outside eating areas in Georgetown , it feels like you are in Mexico....or at least it will when it warms up. But my suggestion is to go now and enjoy the warmth they have created in this very open family style space. I loved my whole experience and I am proud to be a neighbor to such a lovely establishment.
reviewed by the tummy of Angielena Vitale Chamberlain
Fonda La Catrina
5905 Airport way south
www.fondalacatrina.com
phone - (206)767-2787
CARNIVAL IN GEORGETOWN¡¡¡¡¡
Come celebrate with us the Georgetown Carnival in La Catrina, will be attended work from Fulgencio Lazo, Jose Orantes, Jesus Mena, Amaranta Ibarra-Sandys and Almendra Sandoval, among others ... we also have music in the evening, "Canals Of Venice" will be playing around seven in the evening, and there will be some special performances throughout the day. Admission is absolutely free, the farmers market is just across the street, the "Beer Garden" of Goergetown Brewery in the back of our building, in addition to the market in the "Trailer Park", filled with crafts and antiques.
Come and delight yourself in art, music, food, racing tools and more.
Foto Bolivia...
Saturday 9th was great...
On Saturday April 9, we present the work of two artists from Oaxaca, Mexico, JesusMena and Luis Martinez. They filled our space with art, music, friends, family and food. Was a success, many people came to admire the work and enjoy the music. All the dancing began to the beat of the Banda Gozon and lasted until about 10 pm. We never miss the wine and the food was a success. We had a great night. Several proposals for these artists appeared and there was much interest from many people to buy their work.
We wish the best of luck to Jesus and Luis, I hope we have the opportunity to work with them again in the future. Apparently other galleries are interested in their work after seeing this show, so for any information regarding any of the works or interested in contacting any of them you can write to fondalacatrina@gmail.com and gladly refer them correctly.
The place was full for long time...
Luis Martinez work
La Banda Gozona
Jesus Mena and Luis Martínez @ LA Catrina Saturday April 9th, 2011
perroblu
Photo used under Creative Commons from mickou


Located in Samoëns, the SAPIN BLANC is a pleasant contemporary chalet, facing south, with stunning views of the mountains. It is ideally located 500 m from the town center and its shops. For skiing, it's departure shoes to feet: you are 150 m from the ski bus stop which takes you in 6 minutes from the gondola.
Covering an area of 125 m², it accommodates up to 10/12 people. It has 4 rooms, 1 room of water with TOILET, 2 bathrooms, 1 TOILET. You will spend pleasant moments with family or friends in the large living room with fully equipped kitchen and large living room with pellet stove. A laundry room (washing machine, dryer), a ski room. And a carport complete the cottage.
The 12 beds, it is 3 double beds and 2x2 bunk beds, a comfortable cliclac (140 cm).
The main facilities are: TV, DVD player, WIFI, hairdryer, DVD and board games for young and old.
In winter, Samoëns is a village resort in the heart of the large massif, the fourth largest ski area in France.
Located on the slopes, you can reach directly to ski to the door of the cottage.
Extremely high standard gîte in lovely wine producing village.
Pretty traditional renovated house, very charming, in a green, calm assured.


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A group of around 30 teachers got together last week at the Graphic Novel and Comic Workshop at the USP Long Island campus. A day earlier, a group of Ejit Elementary and Majuro Cooperative school students got together to do similar creative work. The workshops involved teachers and students in learning how graphic novels and comics could be useful teaching tools. Hawaiian artist, Solomon Enos, along with Dr. Michelle Keown, and Dr. Shari Sabeti from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, led the workshop. During the workshop, Enos presented sections of his graphic novel, which is based on Marshallese author Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner's poem, "History Project," looking for recommendations from the workshop attendees.
See more photos in the December 1, 2017 edition of the Marshall Islands Journal.


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Newark Faces Court Test over Lead Levels in Water
Tom Johnson | April 25, 2018
Two organizations argue city supplies show nearly twice the federal-action level for the contaminant
The city of Newark and the acting commissioner of the state Department of Environmental Protection are facing a court battle over unsafe levels of lead in drinking water.
With lead levels in supplies nearly twice the federal action level for the contaminant, the Natural Resources Defense Council and Newark Education Workers Caucus yesterday announced plans to sue the government for violating the federal safe drinking-water law.
In 2017, more than 10 percent of samples collected by the Newark Water Department show lead levels in excess of 26 parts per billion (ppb), nearly double the federal action level of 15 ppb under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Approximately 20 percent of the samples exceeded the 15 ppb federal action level, according to the groups.
No exposure
Newark called the allegations false, disputing that residents are exposed to dangerous levels of lead.
"The truth is that the water supplied by the city is fully compliant with federal and state regulations,'' said Andrea Adebowale, director of water for Newark. "The claimant has seriously misinterpreted the findings.''
Newark's problems with lead in drinking water are not a new issue. Over two years ago, unsafe levels of lead were found in drinking water in more than 30 schools, leading the city to shut down drinking fountains and bring bottled water in.
"Newark's lead levels are shockingly high. Access to safe drinking water is particularly important in low-income communities of color, where residents often face multiple sources of exposure and stressors on their health from environmental burdens,'' said Sara Imperiale, an NRDC environmental justice attorney.
Lead leaching from old fixtures
In a notice of intent to sue, a procedural move, the two groups argued the city has failed to respond comprehensively to the problems that have been documented with lead in Newark's water system. Most of the problems are due to lead leaching from old service lines or other fixtures in the water infrastructure, not the quality of water from the Newark Water Department.
"It's unacceptable that the city and state would consider providing billions of dollars in tax breaks to welcome corporations to Newark, while failing to address health-threatening infrastructure issues like this for its residents,'' said Al Moussab, a resident of Newark and the president of NEW Caucus, a group of educators who teach in Newark's public schools.
But Adebowale argued while the city has received a violation of lead levels, it has been compliant with state and federal rules for dealing with those violations and has met all required milestones. Those include sending out public notification and educational materials.
The DEP just received the notification of intent to sue, according to Larry Hajna, a spokesman. The department continues to work closely with the Newark Water Department to ensure that all necessary steps are to address any issues of lead action-level exceedance and to bring the water system into compliance, he said.
Besides the lawsuit, the NRDC and NEW Caucus filed a complaint against the city seeking access to public records under New Jersey's Open Public Records Act. Access to public records is essential to holding agencies accountable for providing safe drinking water to Newark's residents, according to the groups.
Last September, 11 Newark-based community groups and national organizations sent a letter to Newark officials expressing concerns that the city had failed to comprehensively deal with the lead problems.
Read more in Energy & Environment


Jim's extensive marketing background is evident every single day at Bluebird.
With 25 years of experience in marketing communications, branding and public relations, Jim Miller has extensive expertise in all aspects of strategic planning and communications. Utilizing a results-oriented approach, Jim's focus is helping companies increase brand awareness and grow their business.
A proven business leader, Jim's professional experience includes 17 years in the agency environment. He has broad knowledge of the marketing discipline with a demonstrated ability to lead teams to execute brand messaging and marketing campaigns that deliver desired outcomes.
Jim is passionate about finding strategic and efficient ways that deliver successful results for clients and collaborating with them so they can tell their story in a more compelling way. His approach guides companies to achieve their goals and ultimately helps them realize ways that can make their businesses more successful.
Jim is experienced in offering new perspectives that clients may not have considered, and new ways to optimize brand awareness. He specializes in brand strategy, public relations execution, storytelling through compelling messaging, marketing campaigns and social media.
Some of the clients Jim has worked with in the past include First Data Corp, Waterpik Technologies, EAS and Johns Manville.


The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and understand, from the perspective of the jail administrator, the elements required for a comprehensive healthcare program for those incarcerated and during reentry into the community. Research confirms that a comprehensive, replicable healthcare model for services while incarcerated, and a reentry program that recognizes both the medical and social needs of the incarcerated are beneficial for the individual, and the community. In this qualitative descriptive study, the intention was to add to the body of knowledge; the elements required to provide comprehensive medical and social services while incarcerated and when transitioning back into the community, including the broad collective challenges that exist with implementation and sustaining these efforts. The topic was explored through open-ended inquiry utilizing a theoretical framework of life course theory. Three themes emerged from the data derived from the semi-structured interviews with six jail administrators of short-term correctional facilities in New York State: (a) bare minimalism, (b) societal truths, and (c) resource realities. These three themes propel this study's implications and suggestions for practice. The bare minimalist approach to providing healthcare services while incarcerated and during reentry into the community is further exacerbated by societal truths of righteousness justified through resource realities. This research yielded recommendations for further research to ensure social welfare is maximized and policy revisions are informed by social justice, and lastly, improved practice be informed by a synthesis of available evidence.
Buck, Karen A., "How the Criminal Justice System Can Contribute to Eliminating Inequities in Healthcare at Two Pivotal Times: While Incarcerated, and During Reentry into the Community" (2018). Education Doctoral. Paper 381.


text:
Standard VI
The height of...
The height of different buildings is given below. Which among the following is the tallest?
2,000 cm
The correct option is D 2 km
Q. A building is 215 m tall. If the tallest building in the city is 121 m taller than this building. What should be the height of the tallest building?
Question 85(i)
Below a list of 10 tallest buildings in India,
This list ranks buildings in India that stand at least 150 m (492 ft.) Tall based and standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna marks. The following data is given as per the available information till 2009. Since new buildings are always under construction, go online to check new taller buildings. Use the information given in the table about skyscrapers to answer the following questions:
Find the height fo each storey of the three tallest buildings and write them in the following table:
Q. Which among the following mountains is the tallest?
Q. Among six friends L,M,N,P,Q and S, each having a different height, N is shorter than Q and P but taller than M. S is shorter than only L. Which of the following represents the tallest among six friends?
Q. Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions.
Among five persons - P, Q, R, S and T, each has different height. Only two persons are shorter than S. T is shorter than S but taller than R. The one who is the second tallest among them, is of 158 cm.
Which of the following is possibly the height of Q?
Standard VI Mathematics


This summer, 25 students from 17 states gathered in Washington D.C. for the fourth annual Student Reporting Labs Summer Academy hosted by PBS NewsHour. Students enjoyed a jam-packed week of new experiences: they honed their technical skills, received some journalistic wisdom from the PBS Newshour Team, and even explored D.C.'s iconic sites.
The SRL Academy enlightened me with the need to expose pressing and deeper issues in my local community. I walked away from my experience with knowledge that I would have never found on my own in my hometown or in my high school. With the opportunity to meet PBS professionals, hear their stories, and learn more about their 'journalistic journey,' I now have the chance to share new revelations with my peers.
At the academy, I gained new skills, a clear mind-set, and a more precise focus on the task set before me to make fascinating human-interest pieces. Capturing an audience and making a mark in their day motivates me to inspire my team to do the same, and I am so grateful that the Student Reporting Labs [program] is available to students across the country who desire to tell valuable stories that matter.
Members of Savannah's cohort with Louis Caldera, Adjunct Professor of Law at American University.
By the end of the week, Savannah and her cohort created an inspiring story about young people in the D.C. area organizing to pass the Youth Vote Amendment Act of 2018. Their piece was featured on Teen Vogue's website last week.
Watch more videos from the other Student Reporting Labs Fellows or learn more about the participating students.
The Student Reporting Labs initiative builds the next generation of public media. SRL's curriculum engages students in journalistic inquiry, media production and student-centered learning to build critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, news literacy and communication skills. The program aims to inspire youth to speak up and be part of the solution.