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text:
'use strict';

var getElementRect = require('./getElementRect');

/**
 * Gets an element's position in pixels relative to the viewport. The returned
 * object represents the position of the element's top left corner.
 *
 * @param {DOMElement} element
 * @return {object}
 */
function getElementPosition(element) {
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  return {
    x: rect.left,
    y: rect.top,
    width: rect.right - rect.left,
    height: rect.bottom - rect.top
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}

module.exports = getElementPosition;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


For many New Yorkers, Queens—home to La Guardia and JFK airports—is a place of arrivals and departures, a place one passes through en route to somewhere else: the city's gateway to the world. But for those of us lucky enough to live and eat here, Queens is a world unto itself. An entirely delicious one. How could it not be? The borough has one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the country. Name an immigrant group and I'll point you to where they've settled in Queens: Greeks and Egyptians in Astoria; Thais in Woodside and Elmhurst; Mexicans in Corona; Nepalese, Indians, Bangladeshis, and South Americans in Jackson Heights; Chinese, Taiwanese, and Koreans in Flushing. It's a patchwork, polyglot landscape that, not coincidentally, offers up some of the city's finest momo, bao, tacos, moussaka, pad kee mao, dosas, kebabs, kasha, soup dumplings, and almost any other far-flung specialty you can think of—often just an elevated train ride away.
And food lovers are coming not just for traditional iterations of global cuisines—which Queens wins at, hands down—but for more forward-thinking spots, too, where next-generation chefs have discovered that cheaper rents plus changing demographics add up to culinary gold. The upshot? This is the next outer-borough frontier—and believe me, I've got dinner recs aplenty.
Whole lobster sautéed with ginger and scallions at Dumpling Galaxy in Flushing.
With its high-rise hotels and steamy basement noodle joints lifted straight from a Wong Kar-wai movie, Flushing feels like another city entirely, which it once was. Founded by the Dutch in 1645, it's now home to one of the nation's largest Chinatowns.
Xiao Dong Bei. What to order: Double-cooked sliced pork belly with chili leeks; any of the whole fish preparations; or a vegetable medley of potatoes, green peppers, and eggplant in a vinegary soy sauce.
Peking duck in a Flushing storefront.
Fu Run doesn't deliver much in the way of ambience, but like Xiao Dong Bei, it's a tantalizing introduction to Dongbei flavors in New York City. What to order: The signature dish of Muslim lamb chop baked with a crust of spicy cumin and sesame seeds, and one of the cold vegetable salads, such as shredded potato with green chilies and scallions, or a refreshingly tart lao hu cai(tiger vegetable salad) of cilantro, scallions, and tiny salted shrimp tossed with sesame oil and rice wine vinegar.
Golden Shopping Mall, a basement of tightly packed open kitchen stalls, where you'll start at Chengdu Heavenly Snacks, a specialist in the chili-heavy, noodle-driven cuisine of Sichuan's capital. Next, you'll want to grab a stool at Helen You's justly famous Tianjin Dumpling House for delicate made-to-order dumplings. What to order: At Chengdu Heavenly Snacks, dandan noodles with minced pork are a straight shot of oily umami. At Tianjin Dumpling House, sample dumplings filled with lamb and green squash, and pork and dill.
At Dumpling Galaxy in Flushing, dumplings being wrapped and prepped for boiling.
Dumpling Galaxy —a more refined affair, with red and white decor in Chinese lacquer—in the Arcadia Mall, a few blocks from the Golden Mall. What to order: Chopped lobster sautéed in ginger and garlic, and any of the dumplings.
Kulu Desserts for ice cream and small jars of Chinese milk pudding. The latter's consistency takes some getting used to, but once you do, its subtle sweetness is crazily addictive. What to order: Milk pudding flavored with black sesame and green tea, or—if you're feeling wild—desserts made from the stinky-but-delicious durian fruit.
Fang Gourmet Tea : A server brews and pours each tea with great ceremony, while explaining the leaves' origin and flavor profile. What to buy: At $108, a five-ounce tin of Original Dong Ding Oolong Honey Aroma isn't cheap, but other options dip below $20 for two ounces.
Piping-hot lamb and green squashdumplings at Tianjin Dumpling House in the Golden Mall in Flushing.
Grapevines climb over driveway pergolas and roses surround classical statuary in the low-rise, largely Greek neighborhood of Astoria—even as a new millennial generation of late-night (and non-Hellenic) restaurants move in. In nearby Long Island City, which faces Manhattan across the East River, a similar shift is afoot, with old-school Italian, Russian, and Balkan spots being joined by hipster-friendly newcomers.
Agnanti. Brusque waiters negotiate the tightly packed wooden tables, bantering in Greek with the regulars. In the breezy outdoor café, it's not too much of a leap to imagine you're on Patmos. (Okay, maybe not quite.) What to order: The grilled octopus or branzino; pikilia (grilled vegetables) with mashed garlic and skordalia (garlicky puréed potatoes); and soutzoukakia (meatballs cooked in tomato sauce). These simple island dishes live or die on execution—and here, it's perfect.
Artopolis Bakery, a Greek bakery redolent of cinnamon and turning out delicious, deceptively simple cookies, most of them the color of pale-yellow cake batter. What to buy: Melomakarono(honey and walnut cookies); galaktoboureko(a thick baked custard pie flavored with lemon and orange—much lighter than it looks); and a fantastic coconut baklava.
Chef Ali Al-Sayed plates mezes at the Kabab Café in Astoria.
Kabab Cafe and his outsize personality, equal parts gruff and warm. A native of Alexandria, he's been cooking in this Steinway Street storefront—decorated with his collages of wallpaper and travel scenes—since 1989. What to order: Expertly seasoned kofte(minced meat) kebabs; grilled vegetables sprinkled with za'atar.
Bear was opened only in 2011 by Kiev-born siblings Natasha Pogrebinsky (a chef and former contestant on the Food Network's Chopped) and her brother, Sasha. The pair focus on updated versions of Ukrainian and Russian staples such as kasha, borscht, salo (a Russian version of lardo), kielbasa, and creamy mushroom stroganoff. What to order: A zakuska platter of smoked fish, cured meats, pickles, and dark bread, which arrives on a wooden board with glasses of chilled vodka. Or arrange in advance for the $175 (yes, in Queens!) nine-course tasting menu of seasonally changing Russian specialties, buoyed by flights of rare and obscure imported vodkas.
Tamashii Ramen, with its darkly lit interior and young crowd, is as satisfying a Queens meal as any. What to order: The spicy and rich tantanmen ramen with ground pork, bean sprouts, and vegetables is Tamashii's specialty, and for good reason.
A Nepalese dish of spiced dried beef with garlic, tomatoes, and onion at Dhaulagiri Kitchen.
Back in the day, if Manhattanites ventured to Queens for a meal, it was often to Jackson Heights for Indian. The neighborhood's glory days as a South Asian food stalwart may have passed, but worthy spots remain. Just to the east is primarily Hispanic Corona, home to a sizable Mexican community and a growing Nepalese one, too.
Dhaulagiri Kitchen says merely "tawa food corp"—the borough's best Nepali restaurant is itself worth the journey to Queens. Minimal seating means you're basically sitting in chef-owner Kamala Gauchan's cramped kitchen as she conjures up her beguiling Kathmandu specialties. (She's the unabashed star of the operation, clearly reveling in the attention.) In one corner, sel roti—circles of slightly sweet rice-flour bread—are deep-fried like doughnuts; in the other, Indian-style paratha and chapati flatbreads are rolled out under a giant photo mural of the Himalayas. What to order: You're here for the Nepali thali, a meal consisting of small bowls of vegetable tarkari(curries), sauces, chutneys, pickles, and a mound of rice, borne on a circular metal tray. And as many of those sel roti as you can eat.
Nepali sel roti (deep-fried, slightly sweet rice-flour bread) at Dhaulagiri Kitchen in Jackson Heights.
The Dutch.) What to order: Nixtamal's tacos (carnitas, beef, tinga de pollo) and tamales are among the finest in town; in winter, a bowl of pork posole is blandly comforting—as it should be—before the hominy-based stew is spiced to taste with spoonfuls of chopped onion, cilantro, radish, dried oregano, and salsa.
Thankfully, the New York City transit system makes travel to the outer boroughs super affordable and easy. To reach Flushing, hop on the No. 7 subway to the end of the line at Main Street—it takes just under an hour from Midtown (which we'll use as our default starting point). For Astoria, ride the N or Q to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard or to Astoria Boulevard (both stops are in the neighborhood), about a 40-minute trip. Jackson Heights is a 40-minute ride on the No. 7 train to 82nd Street. For Woodside, take the M or R trains to Northern Boulevard (25 minutes); Elmhurst, the M or R to Grand Avenue–Newtown (30 minutes); Corona, the 7 train to 103rd Street (35 minutes); and Long Island City, the 7 train to Hunters Point Avenue (15 minutes). And if you're pressed for time, get an Uber or hail a cab—just not during rush hour, when you're better off avoiding traffic by riding the subway.


The Leader will model the 'How To"Pose, while using Marc Fashion ShowPowerpoint.
The students should model & practice poses while the leader is scrolling through the powerpoint presentation.
Habit #3 - Put First Things First - One Foot In Front Of The Other - Put YOU First!
Habit #5 - Seek First to Understand, Then To Be Understood - Listen To Constructive Critcism - People Are Tough Nuts To Crack, Listen With Your Heart, Ears, and Mind.
The Leader will model the 'How To" instructions for making of a Chocolae Sundae, while using the topping to explain the 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens.
The students should complete the 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Teens brochure while the leader is making the presentation.
Habit #3 - Put First Things First - Ice Cream DUH! - Put YOU First!
Habit #5 - Seek First to Understand, Then To Be Understood - Specialty Nuts - People Are Tough Nuts To Crack, Listen With Your Heart, Ears, and Mind.
Break down into Leadership Groups.
Bonding Activity: The young men spend their MOD money purchasing donutsm sodas, chips, and ice cream passes.


Masters and restorative ethicists are upbraiding a bill reinforced by President Donald Trump that would empower people with deadly sicknesses to approach drugs not yet confirmed by government specialists.
Perfect to-endeavor laws have gone in some place in the scope of 38 states. While no one needs to battle against giving possibly significant prescriptions to people who require them, only one out of every odd individual in the helpful gathering is induced a national fitting to-endeavor approach—which has been exhibited in the House—will in the end enhance life for patients. The bill for the administration law was passed by Senate in August by reliable consent.
For a prescription to be asserted for use in the United States, it must experience a couple of rounds of clinical testing, a technique that can take a long time. The U.S. Sustenance and Drug Administration (FDA)— the association that manages that support strategy—does starting at now have a structure set up, habitually implied as forgiving use, for getting unapproved prescriptions to people who are out of various options. Specialists can exhibit an Emergency Investigational New Drug (EIND) application to the association if their patient has no other treatment decisions. With FDA approval and drug association capacity, a patient can endeavor that treatment.
One of the best stresses with the administration perfect to-endeavor charge is that the FDA would be evacuated of the circle. The bill would empower patients and their authorities to evade the FDA strategy and work only with cure associations for access to unapproved drugs that have encountered in any occasion principal security testing. The administration bill would moreover shield experts and prescription associations from being held in danger should something turn out gravely, and prohibit the FDA from using data on negative outcomes from perfect to-endeavor cases to influence the support of a medicine except if that data is essential to assessing the drug's prosperity.
MORE: There's a New Health Secretary. What Will He Mean for Women's Health?
The FDA's drug support strategy were set up in 1962 after women in Europe who were taking the prescription thalidomide delivered spoils with birth absconds. The drug, which was advanced as a treatment for morning disease and as a resting pill, was not supported for use in the U.S., but instead the catastrophe helped spur Congress to pass a law that would require sedate makers to exhibit both prosperity and reasonability.
As the letter makers point out, the FDA right currently insists 99% of the patient sales for broadened get to that it gets. "Since the FDA isn't the obstruction to tolerant access to investigational sedates and expect a key part in ensuring genuine patient insurances are set up, we importune the Committee to not pass sanctioning that would remove the FDA from the basic endorsement process for getting to an investigational treatment outside of a clinical preliminary," the letter examines.
The Goldwater Institute, a libertarian think tank, is one of the best supporters of fitting to-endeavor laws. The association made a model bill that various states have used for their own qualification to endeavor laws. "In the long run the manner in which we feel about most of this is it's a brief timeframe. The genie is somewhat out of the compartment," said Starlee Coleman, the association's focal methodology manage, to Politico. "Patients have unnecessarily information now. They realize when quiets in preliminaries are working since they are partner now more than they ever have been beforehand. Potentially people who needn't bother with this will have the ability to stem the tide for a concise period, anyway there will be something that comes later." The administration methodology has in like manner gotten essential assistance from Freedom Partners, a framework that support the political exercises of Charles and David Koch and the specific rich individual kin's political accomplices. (Time Inc., TIME's parent association, was starting late secured by Meredith Corp. in a course of action midway financed by Koch Equity Development, an assistant of Koch Industries Inc.) The social event battles that in spite of the way that the FDA surrenders by a wide margin a large portion of compassionate use requests, it just got 1,757 requests in 2016, which the get-together says is little appeared differently in relation to the amount of people who could benefit.
Supporters of perfect to-endeavor authorization battle that it will take out the time it takes for a medicine to encounter the FDA for sympathetic use. Regardless, UCSD's Strathdee contradicts this thought. In 2015 Strathdee's loved one gotten a prescription safe malady that wasn't responding to treatment. Strathdee and her life partner's restorative gathering introduced an EIND to the FDA to request access to phage treatment, a treatment that isn't certified for expansive utilize.
"For our circumstance, the FDA official included was far from obstructionist; she related us to U.S. analyze bunches we were uninformed of, who agreed to make their preliminary treatment open to us," says Strathdee. "In any case, the FDA was in like manner mindful. They anticipated that documentation would exhibit that prosperity concerns had been considered and restricted to the degree possible." This was basic, says Strathdee, since the proposed remedy for her life partner's pollution was gotten from sewage. If disgracefully cleaned, the treatment could have caused septic daze and butchered him.
As Politico reports, the Goldwater Institute says it wouldn't care to discard the FDA, yet it needs to get out the association's deformities, battling that the review system for sedate underwriting is exorbitant and long and that if it was less complex, drugs would be more affordable.
Related Post "Terminally Ill People Want More Access to Experimental Treatments. Here's Why Doctors Are Pushing Back"


Microalgae-derived lipids are good sources of biofuel, but extracting them involves high cost, energy expenditure, and environmental risk. Surfactant treatment to disrupt Scenedesmus biomass was evaluated as a means to make solvent extraction more efficient. Surfactant treatment increased the recovery of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by as much as 16-fold vs. untreated biomass using isopropanol extraction, and nearly 100% FAME recovery was possible without any Folch solvent, which is toxic and expensive. Surfactant treatment caused cell disruption and morphological changes to the cell membrane, as documented by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Surfactant treatment made it possible to extract wet biomass at room temperature, which avoids the expense and energy cost associated with heating and drying of biomass during the extraction process. The best FAME recovery was obtained from high-lipid biomass treated with Myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB)- and 3-(decyldimethylammonio)-propanesulfonate inner salt (3_DAPS)-surfactants using a mixed solvent (hexane : isopropanol = 1 : 1, v/v) vortexed for just 1 min; this was as much as 160-fold higher than untreated biomass. The critical micelle concentration of the surfactants played a major role in dictating extraction performance, but the growth stage of the biomass had an even larger impact on how well the surfactants disrupted the cells and improved lipid extraction. Surfactant treatment had minimal impact on extracted-FAME profiles and, consequently, fuel-feedstock quality. This work shows that surfactant treatment is a promising strategy for more efficient, sustainable, and economical extraction of fuel feedstock from microalgae.


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Фармација (, лек) је здравствена струка која повезује медицинске и хемијске науке, чији је циљ да обезбеди безбедно и ефикасно коришћење лековитих средстава. Опсег фармацеутске делатности укључује традиционалне улоге припреме и издавање лекова, али и савремене области у вези са бригом о пацијентима, укључујући клиничке услуге, проверу безбедности и ефикасности лекова и обезбеђивање информација о лековима. Фармацеути су, стога, стручњаци за терапију лековима и професионалци укључени у примарну здравствену заштиту који оптимизују употребу лекова ради осигурања позитивног по пацијента исхода лечења. Реч фармација се у неким земљама користи и као име за апотеку.

Дисциплине

Фармација се може поделити на 3 примарне дисциплине:
 Фармацеутска технологија
 Фармацеутска хемија и фармакогнозија
 Примењена фармација

Границе између ових дисциплина и сродних наука, као што је биохемија нису увек прецизне, и често у истраживањима учествују тимови састављени од стручњака из различитих области.

Фармакологија се понекад сматра четвртом фармацеутском дисциплином. Мада је фармакологија суштинска за студије фармације, она није специфична за фармацију, па се чешће сматра пољем ширих наука од фармације.

Фармацеути

Фармацеути су високообразовани и обучени здравствени радници који обављају различите послове ради обезбеђивања оптималних резултата лечења за своје пацијнте. Фармацеути могу поседовати апотеку у којој и раде.

Међународно удружење фармацеута је -{FIP – Fédération Internationale Pharmaceutique}-. На националном нивоу организовани су у струковне организације попут Краљевског удружења фармацеута Велике Британије, Фармацеутске гилде Аустралије или Америчке фармацеутске асоцијације. У Србији је обавезно чланство у Фармацеутској комори Србије за све фармацеуте који раде као здравствени радници, а поред Коморе постоји и Фармацеутско друштво Србије у коме је чланство добровољно. Фармацеутска удружења могу бити и задужена за издавање одговарајућих лиценци (нпр. Краљевско фармацеутско друштво Велике Британије или Фармацеутска комора Србије).

Историја фармације

Фармација у Европи
Прве апотеке у Европи почеле су да се појављују током 12. века. Сматра се да је прва апотека основана 1221. године у цркви Санта Мариа Новела у Фиренци, Италија, која је данас музеј парфема.

Од старих апотека, још увек раде: апотека у Дубровнику, Хрватска, која је отворена 1317. године а налази се у склопу фрањевачког манастира и апотека на Градском тргу у Талину, Естонија, за коју се сматра да је отворена најкасније 1422. године

Прва држава са модерном здравственом политиком, по којој састав лека мора да буде јаван, била је Република Венеција.

Исламска фармација

Прве апотеке отворили су муслимански фармацеути у Багдаду 745. године.

Напредак који су остварили муслимански хемичари у ботаници и хемији омогућио је исламским лекарима развој фармакологије. Тако је, на пример, -{Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi}- (865—915), промовисао употребу хемијских једињења у медицинске сврхе. -{Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi}- (936—1013) је био пионир у припремању лекова сублимацијом и дестилацијом. Његов -{Liber servitoris}- је посебно значајан јер садржи рецепте и објашњава како се справљају основне лековите супстанце од којих су се касније правили сложени лекови који су били у општој употреби. -{Ibn Sahl}- је први лекар који је иницирао прављење фармакопеје, описујући велики број лековитих супстанци. -{Al-Biruni}- (973—1050) је написао једну од најважнијих исламских фармакопеја под називом -{Kitab al-Saydalah}- (Књига лекова), где је дао детаљне податке о особинама лекова и истакао значај фармације и улогу и дужности фармацеута. Ибн Сина (Авицена) је описао најмање 700 лековитих препарата, њихове особине, начин деловања и индикације. У свом Канону медицине посветио је једну књигу једнокомпонентним лековима. Радови -{al-Maridini}--ја и -{Ibn al-Wafid}--а су због свог значаја имали преко педесет издања на латинском под насловом -{De Medicinis universalibus et particularibus}- (О општим и специјалним лековима) и -{Medicamentis simplicibus}- (Једноставни лекови). Петар из Абана (1250—1316) је превео и допунио рад -{al-Maridini}--ја под насловом De Veneris. -{Al-Muwaffaq}--ов допринос је био такође пионирски. Живео је у десетом веку и написао Основе правих особина лекова, између осталог описујући оксид арсена, а био је фамилијаран и са силикатном киселином. Разликовао је натријум карбонат и калијум карбонат, упозоравао на токсично дејство једињења бакра (нарочито бакар сулфата) и олова. Као куриозитет, писао је и о употреби дестилације морске воде за добијање воде за пиће.

Грчка фармација
У античкој Грчкој, лечењем су се бавили травари. Вероватно најважнији, међу траварима, био је Диоклес (4. век п. н. е.) који се сматра аутором свих грчких фармакотерапијских списа тог доба.

Грчки лекар Диоскоридес аутор је медицинског приручника који се састоји од пет томова, под називом Материа Медика. Ово дело је била полазна основа за многе средњовековне списе, а допуњавали су га многи научници средњег истока из времена Исламског златног доба.

Кинеска фармација

Фармација у Кини има древне корене, и развила се из кинеске алхемије. Шенонг је први који је тестирао стотине биљака да би проверио њихова лековита својства (верује се да их је проверавао на себи), чиме је започео развој традиционалне кинеске медицине. Најпознатије дело које му се приписује је Класичне биљке божанског ратара (). Ово дело се сматра првом кинеском фармакопејом, и укључује 365 лекова добијених из минерала, биљака и животиња.

Јапанска фармација
У древном Јапану су особе аналогне данашњем фармацеуту биле високо поштоване. Место фармацеута у друштву је било одређено одговарајућим кодовима, а ранг при краљевском двору се није мењао од прехаијанског периода (794) до Меиџи обнове (1868). У овој високо стабилној хијерархији фармацеути (па чак и помоћници фармацеута) били су вредновани изнад осталих здравствених радника укључујући и лекаре и акупунктуристе, па чак и личне краљеве лекаре.

Типови фармацеутске делатности
Фармацеути раде на различитим пољима укључујући апотеке, болнице, старачке домове, фармацеутску индустрију и регулаторне агенције.

Апотека

Болничке апотеке
Апотеке које су у склопу болница значајно се разликују од јавних апотека. Док фармацеути у јавним апотекама имају више проблема око организације посла и односа са купцима/пацијентима, дотле фармацеути у болничким апотекама имају комплексније задатке који се односе на лекове за клиничко лечење.

Због сложености лекова у болничком лечењу, укључујући посебне индикације, ефективност, режим дозирања, интеракције, и однос пацијента према лечењу, многи фармацеути завршавају специјалистичке студије да би радили као болнички фармацеути.

Болничке апотеке се по правилу налазе у оквиру болница, и складиште веће количине лекова (и специфичније лекове) него јавне апотеке. Болнички фармацеути (и фармацеутски техничари) израђују стерилне фармацеутске облике, укључујући препарате за тоталну парентералну исхрану, и друге препарате за интравенску примену. Овај процес поред стручног особља захтева и адекватне услове и обезбеђење квалитета. Због тога неке болнице имају посебне уговоре са специјализованим компанијама које испуњавају сва три наведена услова.

Клиничка фармација

Клинички фармацеут обезбеђује директну фармацеутску негу пацијентима која оптимизује употребу лекова и промовише здравље, добробит и превенцију болести. Клиничка фармација је започела у болницама, али је данас укључена у све сегменте здравствене неге. Клинички фармацеути тесно сарађују са лекарима и другим здравственим радницима (хирурзима, сестрама…), и саставни су део интегралног приступа бризи о пацијентима.

Галенска фармација

Галенска фармација представља израду нових лековитих облика. Нпр., ако произвођач продаје свој лек само у облику таблета, а пацијент има проблема са гутањем, могуће је направити такав препарат у облику лизалице.

Галенска израда у оквиру апотеке и за појединачног пацијента (по лекарском рецепту) се назива магистрална израда.

Консултантска фармација

Консултантска фармација се фокусира на прилагођавање режима дозирања уместо на само издавање лекова. Консултантски фармацеути махом раде у старачким домовима, али их је све више и у другим институцијама. Традиционално су консултантски фармацеути били самостални предузетници, али данас у Сједињеним државама раде и за велике компаније које се баве фармацеутски менаџментом. Како консултантски фармацеути све више раде директно са пацијентима (јер старији пацијенти који користе велики број различитих лекова не прелазе у старачке домове), консултантски фармацеути се враћају самосталном послу.

Неке јавне апотеке запошљавају консултантске фармацеуте или нуде сопствене консултантске услуге.

Интернет фармација

Око 2000. године је почела експанзија Интернет апотека широм света. Велики број оваквих апотека је сличан јавним апотекама, штавише многе Интернет апотеке су заправо Интернет стране реалних апотека, које своје услуге нуде пацијентима на мрежи и онима који дођу лично. Главна разлика је у начину на који се тражи и доставља лек. Неки купци сматрају посету Интернет апотеци приватнијом и згоднијом од одласка у праву апотеку, где би други купци могли да виде које они лекове узимају. Интернет апотеке се и препоручују неким пацијентима (нарочито лежећим) од стране њихових лекара.

Док већина Интернет апотека захтева валидан рецепт за лекове који се издају само на рецепт, неке Интернет апотеке не захтевају рецепт. Купци који желе да избегну непријатности одласка код лекара или желе да купе лекове које им лекар не би преписао, користе услуге таквих Интернет апотека. Оваква пракса се оцењује као лоша, јер се сматра да само лекар може да поуздано одмери контраиндикације, ризик/корист однос и уопште да ли неки болесник заиста треба да добије одређени лек.

Посебно брине лакоћа са којом особе (нарочито омладина) могу доћи до контролисаних лекова без одговарајућег рецепта. Постоје случајеви где лекар издаје електронски рецепт путем Интернета "пацијенту" кога никада није видео. Да би у Сједињеним Државама рецепт за контролисане супстанце био важећи мора га издати лекар са лиценцом, за одговарајућу дијагнозу у легитимном доктор-пацијент односу. Остављено је појединачним државама да дефинишу валидан лекар-пацијент однос. Од апотека се захтева провера исправности рецепта.

Отвореност тржишта омогућује да становници земаља са скупљим лековима купују лекове у Интернет апотекама регистрованим у земљама са нижим ценама. Тако многи Американци купују лекове од Интернет продавница регистрованих у Канади, Израелу, Индији или Уједињеном Краљевству. Мада је увоз забрањен од стране Агенције за храну и лекове САД, ова забрана се примењује на компаније – увознике, а не на потрошаче. Нема података да је иједан Американац био кажњен због куповине канадских лекова за које је имао одговарајући рецепт.

Ветеринарске апотеке
Ветеринарске апотеке могу потпадати под категорију болничке или малопродајне апотеке. Имају различите врсте и различите јачине лекова, ради задовољења потреба лечења животиња. Због посебних потреба животиња и прописа за ветеринарску медицину, ветеринарске апотеке су често одвојене од обичних апотека.

Радиофармацеутика

Главна област радиофармацеутике је справљање радиоактивних препарата (радиофармацеутици) за дијагностичке тестове и лечење. Фармацеути у овој области пролазе посебну обуку за рад са радиоактивним материјалима и по правилу не раде непосредно са пацијентима.

Војна фармација

Услови рада у војној фармацији у потпуности се разлику у односу на цивилни сектор. На западу већину послова које иначе обавља фармацеут преузимају фармацеутски техничари.

Фармакоинформатика

Фармакоинформатика представља комбинацију фармацеутске праксе и примењене информатике. Фармакоинформатичари раде у различитим фармацеутским пољима, као и у информатичким одељењима здравствених установа или у одељењима за подршку здравственом сектору информатичких компанија. Као специјализована дисциплина, фармакоинформатика се убрзано развија да би задовољила потребе великих националних и интернационалних здравствено-информатичких пројеката. Фармацеути који раде у фармакоинформатичком сектору су посебно едуковани за учешће у развоју, имплементацији и оптимизацији система за медицински менаџмент.

Спорна питања

Одвајање прописивања и издавања лекова
Многи правни системи захтевају раздвајање прописивања и издавања лекова. Ови правни системи постављају и захтев да једино фармацеути могу грађане снабдевати лековима, и да не могу бити удружени са лекарима. Америчка лекарска асоцијација дозвољава лекарима да дају пацијентима лекове у ординацији све док не злоупотребљавају пацијенте, при чему пацијент може одбити да прими лек у ординацији и тражити рецепт како би подигао лек у апотеци.

Друге земље, нарочито и Азији (Кина, Малезија, Сингапур), дозвољавају лекарима издавање лекова и фармацеутска пракса је често интегрисана са лекарском (посебно у традиционалној кинеској медицини).

У Канади је уобичајено да су клиника и апотека смештене заједно и да имају истог власника, али добијају одвојене дозволе за рад.

Разлог за раздвајање прописивања и издавања лекова лежи у потенцијалном сукобу интереса. У супротном би лекар поставио што више дијагноза како би продао што више лекова, што се директно коси са интересима пацијента и циљем да се избегне непотребно лечење где год је то могуће.

Док је у неким земљама кампања за раздвајање већ дала резултате (нпр. у Кореји), дотле у другим земљама (као у Малезији) лекарски лоби представља јаку сметњу оваквом раздвајању.

Будућност фармације
У деценијама пред нама очекује се да ће фармацеути бити јаче интегрисани у здравствени систем. Уместо простог издавања лекова, фармацеути ће бити плаћени за учешће у нези пацијената.

До овог помака је већ дошло у неким земљама; тако фармацеуте у Аустралији плаћа влада за ревизију кућних лекова. У Уједињеном Краљевству фармацеути могу након дошколовавања преписивати лекове. Као и у Аустралији, влада их плаћа и за ревизије лекова које грађани користе. У САД фармацеутска нега има растући утицај на фармацеутску праксу. Штавише, звање доктора фармације је сада обавезно за обављање апотекарске праксе и многи фармацеути завршавају једногодишње или двогодишње курсеве након дипломирања. И фармацеути-консултанти који су раније по правилу радили у старачким домовима сада прелазе на директан рад са пацијентима, под именом "фармацеутска нега старијих".

Види још
 Апотека
 Клиничка фармација
 Консултантска фармација
 Звања у фармацији
 Болничка фармација
 Списак фармацеутских организација
 Радиофармацеутика
 Интернет фармација
 Фармацеутска компанија
 Индустријска фармација
 Козметологија
 Фармакогенетика
 Фармакогнозија
 Фармакологија
 Фармакоекономија
 Фармакоинформатика

Референце

Литература

Симболи
Симболи који се најчешће повезују са фармацијом разликују се од земље до земље и обухватају тарионик и пистил, ознаку за рецепт, Хигијину чашу или зелени грчки крст

Напомене

Спољашње везе

 Navigator History of Pharmacy Колекција интернет извора о историји фармације.
 RPSGB Museum Information Sheets Илустроване информације о предметима из историје фармације.
 History of Pharmacy Web Pages Пербоова историја фармације.
 Soderlund Pharmacy Museum Информације о историји америчких апотека.
 The Lloyd Library Библиотека ботаничких, медицинских, фармацеутских и сродних књига и часописа.
 American Institute of the History of Pharmacy Амерички институт за историју фармације.

Остало
 Rph are us Интерактивна мрежа фармацеута и студената фармације – четови, блогови, форуми и сл.
 Pharmaclips Портал са информацијама о медицини и лековима.
 PharmWeb Фармацеутске информације.
 The Virtual Library of Pharmacy Обиман индекс података у вези са фармацијом, укључујући информације о пословима, фармацеутским факултетима и компанијама, удружењима и конференцијама.
 Pharmacist's Letter Непристрасне информације засноване на истраживањима о новостима из фармакотерапије.

Лекови
Медицинска хемија

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Sunscreen series: You've found the perfect sunscreen, now what?
By this point in the summer you've probably thoroughly researched and hunted down just the sunscreen you want. If you haven't, quick, it's already August! Read our sunscreen report and use our search widget to find a safe, effective choice for your family.
So you've read our 2009 sunscreen report cover to cover, right? OK, probably not - we're all too busy to handle that much information in the middle of summer - no matter how useful and scintillating and well written.
This week my family is vacationing, like many American families, and we're doing our best to play outside - a lot. Which, of course, means we're in the sun. And since we're from Oregon, our skin isn't exactly used to the sun come July.
Every year about this time we get a note from our preschool asking parents to either sign off on the school's sunscreen application regimen (their brand) or to bring your own. We've always brought our own because I was not at all keen on the brand the school used.
Senator Christopher J. Dodd (D-CT) has introduced the Sunscreen Labeling Protection Act of 2008.
Almost a year after consumer concerns pushed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to promise tougher sunscreen standards, an investigation of nearly 1,000 brand-name sunscreen products finds that most still fail to adequately protect consumers or contain chemicals that may pose health hazards.
EWG's review of scientific evidence and biomonitoring data for the common sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone.
The bodies of nearly all Americans are contaminated with a sunscreen chemical that has been linked to allergies, hormone disruption, and cell damage, according to a new study from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). A companion study from the Mt. Sinai School of Medicine found that the same chemical is linked to low birth weight in baby girls whose mothers are exposed during pregnancy.
A new study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reveals that 97% of Americans are contaminated with a widely-used sunscreen ingredient called oxybenzone that has been linked to allergies, hormone disruption, and cell damage. A companion study published just one day earlier revealed that this chemical is linked to low birth weight in baby girls whose mothers are exposed during pregnancy. Oxybenzone is also a penetration enhancer, a chemical that helps other chemicals penetrate the skin.
EWG's comments to FDA regarding its 2007 draft sunscreen rules.
EWG issued the following statement today in response to the Food and Drug Administration's latest proposed federal safety standards for sunscreens. FDA first announced its intention to implement safety standards for sunscreens 28 years ago. To date, none have been finalized. These new proposed regulations would for the first time put a permanent safety standard in place for UVA protection.
This week's edition of TreeHugger Radio featured an interview with EWG Analyst Kristan Markey, who discussed our report on sunscreen safety and efficacy. You can listen to the episode or go to TreeHugger for more information.
Have you been counting down the days to the Live Earth concerts? We've been pretty quiet on the subject here at Enviroblog, but not because we don't care -- we've just been too busy keeping you in the loop about sunscreen, corporate greenwashing, and which water bottles are safest. The Big Day is getting close, though, and we're starting to feel that Live Earth vibe.
Kate at Grist did a great write-up on EWG's sunscreen investigation -- if you haven't seen it yet, you should check it out.
Sunscreen woes? We've got a solution.
Yesterday EWG launched a database containing the safety and effectiveness ratings of over 700 sunscreen products — just in time for summer. The site helps consumers select the best possible sunscreen, but what do you do if you just stockpiled Neutrogena Healthy Skin Face Lotion (SPF15) or Coppertone Sunblock Lotion 2006, which were among the worst sunscreens? Never fear, ill-fated consumer, I have already thought of some creative and healthy ways to use that sunscreen.
The New York Times' most emailed article of the day reports on the absurd marketing claims for cosmetic skin creams and the high prices the products demand. A Manhattan dermatologist recommends reducing your daily skin care routine to two simple ingredients: gentle soap and sunscreen, and a third product only for specific skin needs like acne or pigment spots. Avoid the high-priced brands, because no research suggests more expensive products are any better.


This quick and easy frosting goes perfectly with our Black Forest cake, cupcakes, or even on a spoon! Just combine butter and cocoa with sugar and milk on the stove for a simple frosting you can make yourself.
RecipeSavants.com This quick and easy frosting goes perfectly with our Black Forest cake, cupcakes, or even on a spoon! Just combine butter and cocoa with sugar and milk on the stove for a simple frosting you can make yourself. Smart Recipes, American Recipes, Dairy Recipes, Recipes Dairy American Black Forest Frosting PT20M Serves 12 Ingredients: 0.5 Cup Unsalted Butter 3 Cups Powdered Sugar 1 Teaspoon Vanilla Extract 0.33 Cup Milk 0.66 Cup Cocoa Powder Melt butter in a saucepan over medium low heat. Add in milk and sugar slowly and stir to combine. Lastly add vanilla and a little more milk to reach to desired consistency if needed. If it seems to be thin, refrigerate for a while to make it thicker.


Whoever gets the last post wins.
This is gonna be hard. People will never stop posting.
winningkill wrote: This is gonna be hard. People will never stop posting.
Got this idea from the Facebook "Last to comment wins" didn't you?
Semesto wrote: Got this idea from the Facebook "Last to comment wins" didn't you?
Haha that is what I thought.
bionicnacho wrote: Is that... bread?
No it's my mother in law.
Miniike wrote: No it's my mother in law.
She should see a doctor.
bionicnacho wrote: She should see a doctor.
EyceKubes wrote: Ha I win!


The new corporate offences of failing to prevent the facilitation of UK and non-UK tax evasion create potential liability on employers for their staff's actions. These new offences are contained within the Criminal Finances Act, which became effective on 30 September 2017.
If an employer is found to be guilty of one of the new corporate offences, they may be liable to receive an unlimited fine along with other sanctions which may include confiscation of assets. This is notwithstanding the potential for reputational damage to the employer's business.
Ongoing monitoring and review of risks and the procedures adopted.
It follows that employers are well advised to complete a risk assessment to understand their key risks. These could concern but are not limited to VAT, corporation tax and employment taxes. Employers should also ascertain the staff members within the business who could facilitate, whether deliberately or unwittingly, tax evasion.
Employers should also have clearly documented procedures and controls dealing with each identified risk and should ensure that they are monitoring and reviewing regularly and updating, as necessary.
The Government has published guidance - "Tackling tax evasion" - which can be found on the government website and is intended to help employers understand what procedures and processes can be implemented to prevent them from criminally facilitating tax evasion.
If you have any questions or queries, please get in touch with a member of our Employment Law team.


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Long-term colectomy rate after intensive intravenous corticosteroid therapy for ulcerative colitis prior to the immunosuppressive treatment era
Gustavsson, Anders
Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences.
Magnuson, Anders
Sandberg-Gertzén, Hanna
Tysk, Curt
Järnerot, Gunnar
2007 (English)In: American Journal of Gastroenterology, ISSN 0002-9270, E-ISSN 1572-0241, Vol. 102, no 11, p. 2513-2519Article in journal (Refereed) Published
OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroids are a cornerstone in the treatment of a severe attack of ulcerative colitis (UC). The long-term prognosis in this patient group is not well described. We studied the long-term colectomy and relapse rates in patients given intensive intravenous corticosteroid treatment (IIVT) for acute UC. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study of 158 patients with UC treated in 1975-1982 with IIVT. Patients were followed-up to death, colectomy or last visit. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were excluded due to change of diagnosis (N = 10) or lost to follow-up (N = 1). The indication for index IIVT in the remaining 147 patients was a severe attack (N = 61), a moderately severe attack (N = 45), a mild attack (N = 29) or chronic continuous disease (N = 12). The median (range) duration of follow-up was 173 (4-271) months in patients escaping colectomy during the first 3 months. Three months after IIVT, the colectomy rates were 28/61 (46%) in a severe attack, 4/45 (9%) in a moderately severe, and 1/29 (3%) in a mild attack. After 10 yr, the colectomy rates were 39/61 (64%), 22/45 (49%), and 8/29 (28%), respectively. During follow-up, neither colectomy incidence beyond 3 months, time to first relapse nor relapse incidence was influenced by severity of initial attack, except for a lower relapse incidence after a severe attack. CONCLUSIONS: In patients escaping colectomy during the first 3 months after IIVT, the future prognosis was similar irrespective of initial disease severity.
New York: American College of Gastroenterology , 2007. Vol. 102, no 11, p. 2513-2519
Medical and Health Sciences Gastroenterology and Hepatology
URN: urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11550DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01435.xPubMedID: 17680849OAI: oai:DiVA.org:oru-11550DiVA, id: diva2:343030
1. Therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden.
The aim of this thesis is to study treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with respect to an acute severe attack of ulcerative colitis and endoscopic balloon dilation in stricturing Crohn's disease.
A retrospective follow-up was made in 158 patients who were given intensive intravenous corticosteroid treatment due a severe, moderate, or mild attack of ulcerative colitis between 1975 and 1982. After 10 years, the colectomy frequency in the severe disease group was 64%, and 49% and28% in the moderate and mild groups, respectively. Severity of the original attack did not influence the subsequent clinical course with respect to colectomy.
In 2005, a controlled Swedish–Danish trial of infliximab as rescue therapy in an acute severe attack of steroid refractory ulcerative colitis showed that colectomy frequencies after 3 months were lower in infliximab-treated patients (29%) compared to placebo-treated patients (67%). After 3 years, a statistically significantly lower colectomy frequency remained in patients treated with infliximab (50%) compared to placebo (76%).
Between 1989 and 2009, 178 patients underwent endoscopic balloon dilation due to intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease. Seventy-five patients,with a follow-up of 5 years or longer, underwent dilations due to symptomatic strictures only. After 5 years of follow-up, 39/75 (52%) of the patients had undergone no further intervention or one additional dilation only, and 36% had had surgery. The complication frequency was 5.3%, of which 10 patients (1.3%) required surgery. In 83 patients, we studied whether smoking at diagnosis affected the outcome after index dilation. In the group of active smokers, 31/32 (97%) underwent another intervention compared to 18/33 (55%) in never smokers (HR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.22-3.93,p = 0.01). Clinical parameters such as sex, age at diagnosis, age at first dilation, balloon size, localisation of stricture, treatment with azathioprine and treatment period did not influence outcome.
Örebro: Örebro universitet, 2012. p. 97
Örebro Studies in Medicine, ISSN 1652-4063 ; 75
urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25599 (URN)978-91-7668-897-7 (ISBN)
2012-11-23, Wilandersalen, Universitetssjukhuset (USÖ), Örebro, 09:00 (Swedish)
Moum, Björn
Universitet i Oslo, Norge.
Gustavsson, AndersHalfvarson, JonasTysk, Curt
School of Health and Medical Sciences
American Journal of Gastroenterology
Medical and Health SciencesGastroenterology and Hepatology

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Prepare for takeoff at playtime and soar through the air with this disc swing from Hey! Play! The durable plastic construction is built to last through your child's adventures as they glide through the skies into engaging and active fun!


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Prime Instant Video becomes more kid-friendly thanks to Amazon-Viacom deal
By Clare Hopping
Amazon has signed a deal which will see Kung Fu Panda and Dora the Explorer and a host of other kid-centric content coming to Prime Instant Video.
While Prime Instant Video is perhaps better known for signing up and reviving violent hack and slash fests like Vikings and Ripper Street, the deal with content giant Viacom sees more family-friendly content, including Awkward, Legend of Awesomeness, Penguins of Madagascar, Winx Club, Legend of Korra and The Hard Times of RJ Berger coming exclusively to Amazon's subscription streaming service.
Other shows like Dora the Explorer, Hey Arnold! and Rugrats are also coming to Prime Instant Video as part of the deal, but will be available on a non-exclusive basis.
Something for all the family: Amazon Fire TV now offers subscribers more family-friendly content
Chris Bird, director of content strategy at Amazon Instant Video EU said: "With hugely popular shows available to stream unlimitedly ranging from family friendly Penguins of Madagascar to American teen comedy Awkward, there's something to suit every age group, taste and mood.
"Varied, quality content is our top priority so we're always looking out for opportunities to forge partnerships which help make this possible."
Both Madagascar and Kung Fu Panda, Legend of Awesomeness are offshoots of the animated films.
Kung Fu Panda features Lucy Liu and James Hong voicing characters Viper and Mr. Ping, while animated adventure Penguins of Madagascar follows penguins Skipper, Rico, Kowalski and Private as in the film.
Teen comedy series Awkward and David Katzenberg/Seth Grahame-Smith's The Hard Times of RJ Berger will keep the teens happy, alongside reality TV shows Geordie Shore, Jersey Shore and The Hills that have just been re-signed to the service.
Stand up from Rufus Hound, Stewart Lee and Russell Brand will also hit the streaming service alongside comedy series Comedy Central Roasts with Charlie Sheen, James Franco and David Hasselhoff.
The news about Amazon Prime Instant Video's line up comes after the launch of Amazon Fire TV and the Amazon Fire phone in the UK, both of which offer access to the streaming service while at home or on the go.


Pursuant to the National Rules for the Selection of Candidates for the Liberal Party of Canada, the call has been issued for a meeting to nominate a candidate in Calgary Centre / Calgary-Centre.
Please join us in a celebration of the nomination of Kent Hehr.
Kent has served in the Alberta Legislature as the Member for Calgary – Buffalo since 2008. Kent serves as the Alberta Liberal Party's critic for Education, Energy, Finance, and several other portfolios.


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2015 Copyright © N.S.A. Kaiksow. All Rights Reserved. Designed & Developed by Webtree.


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Elizabeth Alexander
2010 Lifetime Achievement
Elizabeth Alexander is a poet, essayist, playwright, and teacher born in New York City and raised in Washington, DC. Alexander has degrees from Yale University and Boston University and completed her Ph.D. in English at the University of Pennsylvania. Most recently, she composed and delivered "Praise Song for the Day" for the inauguration of President Barack Obama. The poem has recently been published as a small book from Graywolf Press. In addition, she has published five books of poems: The Venus Hottentot (1990), Body of Life (1996), Antebellum Dream Book (2001), American Sublime (2005), which was one of three finalists for the Pulitzer Prize and was one of the American Library Association's "Notable Books of the Year;" and her first young adult collection (co-authored with Marilyn Nelson), Miss Crandall's School for Young Ladies and Little Misses of Color (2008 Connecticut Book Award). Her two collections of essays are The Black Interior (2004) and Power and Possibility (2007), and her play, "Diva Studies," was produced at the Yale School of Drama.
Professor Alexander is the first recipient of the Alphonse Fletcher, Sr. Fellowship for work that "contributes to improving race relations in American society and furthers the broad social goals of the U.S. Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954." She is the 2007 winner of the first Jackson Prize for Poetry, awarded by Poets & Writers, Inc. Other awards include a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, two Pushcart Prizes, the George Kent Award, given by Gwendolyn Brooks, a Guggenheim fellowship as well as the Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching at University of Chicago. She is currently chair of the African American Studies Department at Yale University.
Contribute to this Biography
If you have a missing or improved portrait or book cover, please email us at Correction@Anisfield-Wolf.org
Additional Corrections
Blog Posts about Elizabeth Alexander
Public Art Inspired By Anisfield-Wolf Canon Makes A Splash Across Cleveland
Riders heading to downtown Cleveland on the RTA's Red Line may have noticed quite a few more pops of color adorning the city landscape over the past two weeks. The colors have a story, and each story comes from a work or writer in the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award canon.Inter|Urban, the collaboration among the City of Cleveland, the Cleveland Foundation, North East Ohio Area Coordinating Agency, RTA and LAND studio, has filled the 19-mile stretch from Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and into downtown Cleveland with bright, vibrant... Read More →
Tara Jefferson
Also Tagged: A. Van Jordan Alex Haley Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie David Eltis David Richardson Dolores Kendrick Dorothy West John Edgar Wideman Junot Diaz Langston Hughes Martha Collins Nam Le Ronald Takaki Sandra Cisneros Wole Soyinka
REVIEW: "The Light Of The World" Is A Surprisingly Buoyant Portrait Of Grief
A 200-page book on the untimely death of a spouse hardly seems like it would make for light summer reading. But as I've devoured Elizabeth Alexander's new memoir, The Light of The World, I've discovered that there's beauty in loss, there's sparkle in remembrance. The poet lost her husband, painter and chef Ficre Ghebreyesus (pronounced Fee-kray Geb-reh-yess-oos) in April 2012, days after his 50th birthday. Their 15-year union produced two sons, Solomon and Simon, and a cozy life in Connecticut, where Alexander is a professor at Yale... Read More →
Also Tagged: 2010 book review winners
VIDEO: Richard Blanco And Elizabeth Alexander Share Their Experience As Inaugural Poets
For the first time in history, two inaugural poets shared the same stage and spoke about what the experience meant for their lives. Earlier this month, 2009 Inaugural poet Elizabeth Alexander (also an Anisfield-Wolf lifetime achievement winner in 2010) and 2013 Inaugural poet Richard Blanco spoke at Yale University, with Blanco making his first public appearance since inauguration. "I felt a little less exposed with 800,000 people than I do right now," Blanco joked in front of the small Yale audience. The two spoke about feedback after... Read More →
Also Tagged: 2010 video
VIDEO: What's It Like To Be The Inaugural Poet?
On the eve of President Barack Obama's second inauguration, Yale University hosted a live chat with Elizabeth Alexander, whose "Praise Song Of The Day" was her selection at his first inauguration. Watch the video above for her thoughts on what it's like to be selected to have a part in such a tremendous day. Read More →
Also Tagged: 2010 video winners
VIDEO: Elizabeth Alexander Discusses Hip-Hop's Link To Poetry
We talk about all things dealing with race and diversity here at Anisfield-Wolf but there is one subject we haven't explored much — the rise of hip hop. In this quick video from Big Think (one of favorite sources of videos of all the people you'd want to hear from), 2012 winner Elizabeth Alexander talks about the nuances of African American poetry and the link to hip-hop music. Check it out and let us know what you think. Read More →
6 Quotes From Your Favorite Authors
Because it is more appealing to hear from the authors themselves, we've rounded up some of the best quotes we've heard this year (even if they're a bit older) from some of our distinguished Anisfield-Wolf Award winners. Enjoy! "I want you to show them the difference between what they think you are and what you can be." — Ernest J. Gaines, A Lesson Before Dying "At some point in life the world's beauty becomes enough. You don't need to photograph, paint or even remember it. It is enough." — Toni Morrison "Art, after... Read More →
Also Tagged: 1954 1988 2000 2009 2011 Ernest Gaines Langston Hughes Nam Le Nicole Krauss quotes Toni Morrison winners
www.ElizabethAlexander.net
The Venus Hottentot (1990)
Body of Life (1996)
Black Interior (2004)
American Sublime (2005)
Praise Song for the Day (2009)
2010 AWBA News
2010 Around Noon: Kamila Shamsie, William Julius Wilson and Elizabeth Alexander
2010 Awards Program
2010 Newsletter: Spring
2010 Press Release: Winners Announced
2010 Around Noon: 2010 Ceremony Broadcast
Do you have content or information to add? Contribute to this Biography and submit information about this book or author. Content is the property of its various authors. When you contribute, you agree to abide by the Anisfield-Wolf use policy, and to act as a responsible member of our community. In this way, we hope the content of the Winners section reflects the unique spirit of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards.


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Home Sponsored Legion proud host of Canada Day for over 50 years
Legion proud host of Canada Day for over 50 years
Daily Herald Staff
Legion members march in the colours during Canada Day 2017. Herald file photo.
We met with Ed Laird from Royal Canadian Legion Branch No. 2 in Prince Albert, and he gave us a bit of history on Canada Day.
Canada Day was started in Prince Albert in 1966 by the Royal Canadian Legion Branch No. 2. In 1967 the legion moved into a new building on 8th Street, Ed Laird was Sergeant-At-Arms. Jim Turner had his store on Central Avenue and went to the legion, nothing was happening on Dominion Day and he approached Ed saying there should be a day for the kids, families and veterans celebrating Canada and this great nation we live in.
"We approached the legion executive and they gave us $2,000 to put on entertainment," says Laird. They decided to host the event at Kinsmen Park and feature some fun events such as kids races, softball games, ball games, horseshoe tosses, food booths, ladies aux. had bingo and much more activities.
"We gave free ice cream to the kids for the first couple of years, but the mothers made us stop," says Laird.
After two years it had become so popular, surrounding legions were starting to come to the event as well.
After three years of Canada Day being held, that fall, the government from Ottawa called the branch "they were really enthused."
They sent a representative down to meet with the legion's executive board to see what this day was all about and why it was so popular.
That fall, after the meeting, it was announced that the Federal Government would change the name from Dominion Day to Canada Day, and anyone putting on an event would get a $1k grant each year.
"It's always been such a successful thing. It's got bigger and bigger." Says Laird.
Everything was free and put on by volunteers, they didn't pay anyone, it was a day everyone could enjoy.
Grants are still sent each year, although now it is split with the multicultural council.
Eventually, in the park, the city built a stage "that made it really nice," says Laird.
Canada day has always been at Kinsmen and has always been a full day.
"The big thing was it was always free," says Laird.
Jim Turner was one of the main organizers. He got it going for the young people. They had firecrackers, popcorn and soft drinks.
The Legion will continue to host Canada Day each year, running their booths and everything with volunteers so people can enjoy the day.
Help support Canada's Veterans and communities this summer and forwards.
As the weather gets nicer, there are many new opportunities for us to get involved, including helping out at the Legion Nationals or becoming a volunteer in your community.
We also offer free, confidential services to all Veterans to help them find the help and support they need.
Previous articleSt. Mary graduates lit the way for each other
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The Prince Albert Daily Herald is your best source of community news, sports and weather in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan.


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Congratulations to Professor Gita Gopinath on Being Awarded the 2019 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman by the Government of India!
Professor Gopinath has also been named among the most influential people in 2019 by both Bloomberg and Foreign Policy.
Professor Gita Gopinath has been named among Bloomberg's 50 people worldwide who defined 2019. Earlier this year, Foreign Policy named her one of the Top Global Thinkers in 2019. And the President of India awarded her the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman for 2019, the highest honor conferred on overseas Indians by the Government of India.
Gita Gopinath is the John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and of Economics at Harvard University. She is currently on leave of public service from the economics department to serve as the Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
See also: News Archive


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2018TV-MA 1h 45mRomantic Movies
In desperate need of a break from the office, two beleaguered assistants team up to trick their workaholic bosses into falling in love.
Starring:Zoey Deutch, Glen Powell, Lucy Liu
Watch Now on Netflix
Lucy Liu plays a tough-as-nails sports reporter opposite Taye Diggs, Glen Powell and rising star Zoey Deutch.
Set It Up (Trailer)
Comedies, Romantic Comedies, Romantic Movies, Romantic Favorites
This movie is...
Witty, Romantic
German, German, English - Audio Description, English [Original], English - Audio Description, English [Original], Spanish, Spanish, French, French, Italian, Italian
English, Spanish, French, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese
Zoey DeutchGlen PowellLucy LiuTaye DiggsMeredith HagnerPete DavidsonTituss Burgess
A comedy series about the people tasked with creating Space Force, a new branch of the U.S. military. From Greg Daniels and star Steve Carell.
Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy Vs. the Reverend
Serial murderer Charles Sobhraj, known as the Bikini Killer, preys on Western tourists in Southeast Asia during the 1970s.
The war for Eternia begins again in what may be the final battle between He-Man and Skeletor. A new animated series from writer-director Kevin Smith.
Invisible City
While investigating a murder, a detective is drawn into a battle between the visible world and an underground realm inhabited by mythical creatures.
Days after the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, an ordinary family is put to the test as massive earthquakes throw the Japanese archipelago into total mayhem.
A reimagining of Kurt Wallander as a cop in his early 20s in 2020 Sweden. From the producers of "Wallander," based on Henning Mankell's novels.


Thomas Cook has announced plans to close 21 of its travel agent stores - and one of them is in Essex.
The travel company has said it is going to "streamline" its retail presence in the UK as more customers choose to book holidays online.
The Essex which is closing is the one in Colchester High Street.
Sadly, the news puts 320 Thomas Cook staff at risk of redundancy across the UK.
All of the staff at risk of redundancy have started a consultation process and the unions are involved in this.


What is the deal with FringeNYC's strict "no latecomer" policy?
We are sorry that we cannot admit latecomers or allow reentry to FringeNYC shows. We learned in our early years that if we hold one show for five minutes to seat latecomers, the next show starts ten minutes late, and by the end of the day, shows are starting at dawn. We also do have some venues where latecomers would have to walk across the stage in order to get to a seat – which is distracting not only for other patrons, but the performers as well!
But more importantly, following our Blank Canvas project year, we developed a new "Hub and Spoke" model (i.e. having all of our audiences meet at ONE FringeHUB location to be taken to their venue / return to the FringeHUB following the show) which is a crucial part of our survival. This makes it EVEN MORE NECESSARY for our audience to be lined up at the correct flag AT LEAST 15 minutes prior to the performance, in order to be taken to the venue. So it's more important than ever that you're not late. In fact, you need to be early!
Increasing insurance costs – we've only been able to keep up because we haven't had an "occurrence". If we do – this extraordinary twenty-one-year-old festival of emerging artists powered by volunteers will have to end. Plus, we just don't want y'all to get hurt. The way to avoid all of this is to do things as safely as possible, and to maintain the same policies at all ten venues. And, of course, to not let a flustered late-arriving patron enter a completely dark theatre (that they've likely never been in before) during a performance and try to crawl over other patrons or up the back of risers or down steps to try to find a seat – which is not only disturbing to the other patrons, but also incredibly dangerous and just asking for trouble (i.e. an "occurrence").
For the above reasons, our patrons who purchase tickets online must agree to the terms and conditions below before being allowed to purchase tickets.
If you have any further questions about this you may email Info@FringeNYC.org and we will reply as soon as we can – though we do hope you understand it may be November before we can reply personally.
Thank you for understanding, and enjoy the NEW York International Fringe Festival's FringeNYC!


"Rule Number 1" By IKONICK. "If you're not first, you're last."
Name the first people to fly a plane. Easy huh? Now name the second...there's a reason why you don't know the answer to that. Let's be real, no one remembers 2nd place. There's no throne besides the one that sits higher than everyone else's. Get this IKONICK piece as your daily motivator to stay on TOP.
Perfect for my bedroom because I wake up to it every day and gives me the motivation to be the number one.


When the Nazi's rose to power they built facilities to hold and, eventually kill, their enemies. When the first concentration camps were built in 1933, this primarily meant political dissidents and opponents of the Nazi government, such as German Communists, Socialists, Social Democrats but would grow to include asocial groups – Gypsies, Jehovah's Witnesses, the homeless, the mentally ill and homosexuals.  It was not until Kristallnacht that the prisoners became primarily Jewish.


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Ashfield Digital & Creative
« Case Studies
Elevating the patient voice via a supportive Facebook community
Frasenius Kabi UK and Calea UK wanted to improve the experience for their patients by building and facilitating a digital patient community.
The initiative would bring additional communication methods to homecare patients and help prevent feelings of isolation, connecting them with peers in a safe and supportive environment.
A strategy was created, based on a collaborative approach that included workshops involving internal and external stakeholders.
The workshops helped uncover the needs of their audiences and what content and support materials would help foster an engaged community. An acquisition strategy, supported with creative communications, helped the Facebook group reach over 400 members in 6 months.
Shortlisted for a Patient Experience National (PEN) Award in 2018, the group continues to provide a supportive environment for new and existing patients and carers, where they can share their experiences and learn from each other.
Have a story to tell?
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A Framing 101 Post written for Radical Conversation enthusiasts.
Framing creates context for an issue.
Even just one word, like "taxes," will evoke a frame. When you think of taxes, do you think of social programs, a strong defense, money coming out of your pocket? Do you imagine you would trust the people spending the taxes? Are taxes already too high, or inadequate? What emotions arise — do you feel bitter that you pay more than your share, or are you proud to help?
Word choices, or especially references to a metaphor, can influence which frame is evoked. For a simple example, a "school bond" might get you thinking about schools. "Tax relief" aims to get you to think of taxes as something you requires relief — the phrase evokes the metaphor that taxes are a disease or affliction requiring relief. Facts work — when they support and reinforce your story or metaphor.
This isn't magic. For example, if you are Pro-Choice and someone insists on calling fertilized eggs "babies," or if you are Pro-Life and someone tells a mother-to-be that that kick was just from "a lump of cells" — do you think these words will create the desired frame, or just convince the listener that you have little in common? Don't overdo framing: keep it simple, but make sure that when you share, you share values true to your heart, that you build and repeat stories around those values — and minimize time spent arguing against the other frame.
George Lakoff is the most famous voice for framing on the left, especially for his book "Don't Think of an Elephant" — you can not argue "against" a frame without evoking that frame. If you say "don't think of an elephant" everyone will think of elephants; if you say "I oppose tax relief" everyone will think of taxes as an affliction. You have to argue your own points.
He has a growing community on Facebook. This is a great place to get involved: proponents of framing and of radical heart-centered communication techniques have a lot to teach each other!
— George Lakoff and Elisabeth Wehling, The Little Blue Book: The Essential Guide to Thinking and Talking Democratic.
Another way to imagine frames is optical illusions. If you say "I'm against seeing a vase" while looking at this image, you're encouraging "moderates," people who can see this image as either faces or a vase, to focus on the vase. Trump has been a master at drawing our attention to issues that divide Americans, to issues that bring up feelings of defensiveness or shame for many people. Trump acts like a gang-leader, and has convinced just barely enough of the electorate that America is a gang-fight. Democrats often participate in this, treating him as a rival gang leader — with a rival gang! — reinforcing his metaphor, reinforcing his frame.
"What should happen at the border?"
"Do you think we should build a wall?"
"How should a refugee family apply for asylum?"
For immigration issues, framing isn't magic, but it is key: the more time spent on the stories of immigrant or refugee families, going into the story of their lives, ideally repeating the stories of a few until everyone knows their names, where they grew up, where they went to church — that is our frame, make those people real. The border, yes, do active listening, repeat back people's fears so they feel heard by you, but otherwise minimize talking about borders.
Repetition is Key: the Death of "Civility"
A great example of framing is the "Contract with America" from the 1990s. There's not much inherit meaning in that phrase — liberals could have used it just as easily — but by using it over and over, Republicans gave it a meaning. Eventually, it became a shorthand: Republicans could rapidly evoke a whole set of ideas with just that phrase. Frames are built up. It's important that politician who agree on a policy goal start to build the same frame, the same underlying metaphor, together. Republicans are good at it: how many times have you heard "tax relief." They spend money on it: the experts I hear on the left write blogs, Frank Luntz on the right has big focus groups. Many more examples are easy to find — all from the GOP, in recent years.
If you believe in something, you have to work with others until you can frame it quickly, not write multiple pages each time you bring up the concept. For example, the word "Civility" has been reframed in the past few years. Ten years ago, "civil" in a political conversation might have evoked "civil disobedience" and Gandhi or King. Today, it often evokes "civility police." Think of the optical illusions: brains can conceptualize the word as one or the other, but not both at the same time. How did the transformation happen? How can your movement succeed if you can't control the narrative around some words or phrases that describe what you believe in? What can you do make sure that the words you use create the frame you want?
I love this introduction to framing. Where the article you just read tries to explain different components, this gets straight to the heart: There is sometimes a tendency among liberals to be cowardly about their own supposed values, and to try to argue based on conservative premises.
Lakoff in his own words.
Framing is often about issues like protections (regulations), about Nazis (free speech) — but it can also be about the conversation. Radical conversations call for metaphors that evoke connection: Do you use facts like artillery?
Action — Lakoff says: "Do this not just as individuals, but together as a party." The Rapid Response team hopes to be the seed, combining all the techniques from SMART Politics and Cognitive Politics and anywhere else we find them into a form that can spread to Indivisibles and then politicians. After you've taken the Radical Conversations training, if framing and other techniques to influence social media at a large scale excite you, look for announcements on the facebook group and get involved!


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This app is available only on the App Store for iPhone, iPad, and Apple TV.
Sonic CD Classic 4+
Time travel to save the world in SEGA's highly acclaimed Sonic platformer that introduced Amy Rose and Metal Sonic!
Past, present, and future collide as Sonic battles to rescue Amy Rose and recover the seven Time Stones! Travel through time to defeat Dr. Eggman and his fiendish creation, Metal Sonic.
Sonic CD is part of the SEGA Forever classic games collection, a treasure trove of free SEGA console classics brought to life on mobile!
- Collect all seven Time Stones to defeat Dr. Eggman and save Amy Rose
- Time travel between the past, present, and future versions of each level
- Use Sonic's spin dash and super peel out moves to zoom around stages
- Clear the game to unlock Miles "Tails" Prower
- Sonic CD now features both the US and Japanese soundtracks!
SEGA FOREVER FEATURES
- PLAY FREE
- SAVE YOUR GAME PROGRESS
- LEADERBOARDS – compete with the world for high scores
- CONTROLLER SUPPORT: MFi compatible controllers
- DOWNLOAD THEM ALL
- (9/10) IGN: "This is a great, fully featured port for iOS
- (5/5) Touch Arcade: "Sonic CD is incredible"
- (4.5/5) 148 Apps: "looks and runs perfectly"
- "Nothing could be simpler to pick up and play." [92%] - Steve White, Mega Action (December 1993)
- "Sonic CD is cracking video entertainment of the highest order." [91%] - Tim Tucker, SEGA Zone #13 (November 1993)
"Any fan of Sonic will want to get their hands on this immediately." [90%] - Mark Hill, SEGA Pro #25 (November 1993)
"The most amazing Sonic adventure to date." [90%] - Vincent Low, Sonic the Comic #15 (11th December 1993)
"An excellent platform game with an ingenious game structure." [89%] - Paul Mellerick, MEGA #13 (October 1993)
"Sonic CD is the Hog's best outing yet." [88%] - SEGA Power #48 (November 1993)
"Sonic CD is the best advertisement for Mega CD yet." [87%] - Andy Martin, Mega Drive Advanced Gaming #16 (December 1993)
"Sonic CD is an absolute must for Mega CD owners." [87%] - Julian Rignall, SEGA Magazine #1 (January 1994)
"Once again SEGA have come up trumps with another great foray into the world of the spiky, blue megastar." [85%] - Mark Smith, SEGA Force Mega #6 (December 1993)
"Gameplay's as slick as you'd expect of a Sonic game; the same goes for the graphics." [85%] - Warren Lapworth, Mega Machines #1 (December 1993)
- Sonic CD was the first game to feature Sonic speaking - leave Sonic standing still for three minutes to hear him!
- The original release of Sonic CD featured a secret spooky message screen that would greet data pirates
- Sonic CD features two endings, and was the first in the series to feature full motion video cut scenes.
- European and Japanese versions of the game featured different music to its American counterpart
CLASSIC GAME FACTS
- Sonic CD first released in Japan on September 23, 1993
- Sonic CD was the SEGA CD's best-selling game of all time at 1.5 million copies
- The first Sonic game to feature CD-quality Red Book audio
- Remastered in 2011 by Christian Whitehead, the man behind Sonic Mania
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Bug fixes and refinements
We love rediscovering hedgehog history with this enhanced edition of one of Sonic's greatest adventures. This game sizzles with all the sprawling levels and blazing speed you remember from the '90s, but this classic platformer is better than ever on the App Store. With crisp widescreen graphics, tight controls, and awesome extra content, it's just a blast.
whatamIfightingfor , 05/11/2020
Pretty good game
What a good majority of these kids don't realize that this game was originally released on the sega cd back in 1993 which is where this remake originated from. And to answer a few questions: 1: To get tails beat the game for the first time and then start a new game as him ( He does not have cutscenes like sonic does and his ending does not change). 2: They won't remove the metal sonic fight or add new zones because the creators of this remake want it to be as close to the original game as possible 3: To unlock all the secrets like D.A. Garden and etc go look at a different review also from what I know I think you will need to be signed into Game Center to get those secrets. And yes I understand the concerns with the ads but that does not apply to my because I just don't lets ads ruin my experience with the game. Also don't listen to some of the 1 star reviews if you want because a good majority of them are just 9 year olds saying and I quote "WoRsT SoNIc GAme EVAR" And yes that is how they spell ever. And I should have said this earlier but Tails is free of charge you don't have to pay to unlock him. Also if you like the game have fun then.
Peterpopmr , 08/04/2018
Severe Graphical Issues + ADs
This game is seriously broken on my iPhone X. Some sprites aren't completely transparent and have white boxes around them. Even worse, when I start to play the game, it'll last about 10 seconds before the graphics go completely haywire and turn into flashing and rotating triangles. It's so broken it almost seems fake, like it was done on purpose. These triangles aren't just limited to a couple of sprites... no, the entire screen starts randomly convulsing with colors to the point where you can't tell what's going on and it's completely unplayable.
Another issue: I purchased this game full price when it was first released. So there shouldn't be ads every time I play it. There shouldn't be a Sonic 4 Ep II ad whenever I start it up, and there shouldn't be a Sonic Forces logo that pops up in the top left inexplicably after the menu animation.
The ads I could live with, but it's the graphics issues that really make this a one star rating. The flashing triangles make it so you can't even see the game, and there's even another issue where the menu elements don't space out correctly, so the act # ends up mashed in with the zone name which is already mashed into itself due to some other glitch. All in all, the serious bugs need to be fixed in order for me to recommend this game. In its current state, I'd skip it.
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© SEGA, the SEGA logo, SONIC and SONIC CD are either registered trade marks or trade marks of SEGA Holdings Co., Ltd. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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This book is an introduction to the quantum theory of materials and first-principles computational materials modelling. It explains how to use density functional theory as a practical tool for calculating the properties of materials without using any empirical parameters. The structural, mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of materials are described within a single unified conceptual framework, rooted in the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics, and powered by density functional theory. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and first-year graduate students in materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering who are approaching for the first time the study of materials at the atomic scale. The inspiring principle of the book is borrowed from one of the slogans of the Perl programming language, 'Easy things should be easy and hard things should be possible'. Following this philosophy, emphasis is placed on the unifying concepts, and on the frequent use of simple heuristic arguments to build on one's own intuition. The presentation style is somewhat cross disciplinary; an attempt is made to seamlessly combine materials science, quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and numerical analysis, without using a compartmentalized approach. Each chapter is accompanied by an extensive set of references to the original scientific literature and by exercises where all key steps and final results are indicated in order to facilitate learning. This book can be used either as a complement to the quantum theory of materials, or as a primer in modern techniques of computational materials modelling using density functional theory.
This book is a comprehensive, theoretical, practical, and thorough guide to XAFS spectroscopy. The book addresses XAFS fundamentals such as experiments, theory and data analysis, advanced XAFS methods such as operando XAFS, time-resolved XAFS, spatially resolved XAFS, total-reflection XAFS, high energy resolution XAFS, and practical applications to a variety of catalysts, nanomaterials and surfaces. This book is accessible to a broad audience in academia and industry, and will be a useful guide for researchers entering the subject and graduate students in a wide variety of disciplines.
Studierende der Physik, die mit den grundlegenden Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Betrachtungsweisen in der Festkörperphysik vertraut werden möchten, erhalten mit diesem Lehrbuch eine grundlegende Einführung. Die behandelten Themen werden kompakt und exakt vorgestellt.
Density functional theory (DFT) has become the standard workhorse for quantum mechanical simulations as it offers a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost. However, there are many important systems for which DFT performs very poorly, most notably strongly-correlated materials, resulting in a significant recent growth in interest in 'beyond DFT' methods. The widely used DFT+U technique, in particular, involves the addition of explicit Coulomb repulsion terms to reproduce the physics of spatially-localised electronic subspaces. The magnitude of these corrective terms, measured by the famous Hubbard U parameter, has received much attention but less so for the projections used to delineate these subspaces. The dependence on the choice of these projections is studied in detail here and a method to overcome this ambiguity in DFT+U, by self-consistently determining the projections, is introduced. The author shows how nonorthogonal representations for electronic states may be used to construct these projections and, furthermore, how DFT+U may be implemented with a linearly increasing cost with respect to system size. The use of nonorthogonal functions in the context of electronic structure calculations is extensively discussed and clarified, with new interpretations and results, and, on this topic, this work may serve as a reference for future workers in the field.
Introduction to materials modelling describes the use of computer simulation for the prediction and understanding of the structure and properties of materials. It has been based upon the Materials Modelling Masters course given at the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK, which is aimed particularly at graduate students with a background in any of the physical sciences.
The idea of the book is to provide a comprehensive overview of computational physics methods and techniques, that are used for materials modeling on different length and time scales. Each chapter first provides an overview of the physical basic principles which are the basis for the numerical and mathematical modeling on the respective length-scale. The book includes the micro-scale, the meso-scale and the macro-scale. The chapters follow this classification. The book will explain in detail many tricks of the trade of some of the most important methods and techniques that are used to simulate materials on the perspective levels of spatial and temporal resolution. Case studies are occasionally included to further illustrate some methods or theoretical considerations. Example applications for all techniques are provided, some of which are from the author's own contributions to some of the research areas. Methods are explained, if possible, on the basis of the original publications but also references to standard text books established in the various fields are mentioned.
A Festschrift in honor of Professor Marvin L. Cohen This volume is a Festschrift in honor of Professor Marvin L. Cohen. The articles, contributed by leading researchers in condensed matter physics, high-light recent advances in the use of quantum theory to explain and predict properties of real materials. The invention of quantum mechanics in the 1920's provided detailed descriptions of the electronic structure of atoms. However, a similar understanding of solids has been achieved only in the past 30 years, owing to the complex electron-ion and electron electron interactions in these systems. Professor Cohen is a central figure in this achievement. His development of the pseudopotential and total energy methods provided an alternate route using computers for the exploration of solids and new materials even when they have not yet been synthesized. Professor Cohen's contributions to materials theory have been both fundamental and encompassing. The corpus of his work consists of over 500 papers and a textbook. His band structures for semiconductors are used worldwide by researchers in solid state physics and chemistry and by device engineers. Professor Cohen's own use of his theories has resulted in the determination of the electronic structure, optical properties, structural and vibrational properties, and superconducting properties of numerous condensed matter systems including semiconductors, metals, surfaces, interfaces, defects in solids, clusters, and novel materials such as the fullerides and nanotubes.
This book presents tutorial overviews for many applications of variational methods to molecular modeling. Topics discussed include the Gibbs-Bogoliubov-Feynman variational principle, square-gradient models, classical density functional theories, self-consistent-field theories, phase-field methods, Ginzburg-Landau and Helfrich-type phenomenological models, dynamical density functional theory, and variational Monte Carlo methods. Illustrative examples are given to facilitate understanding of the basic concepts and quantitative prediction of the properties and rich behavior of diverse many-body systems ranging from inhomogeneous fluids, electrolytes and ionic liquids in micropores, colloidal dispersions, liquid crystals, polymer blends, lipid membranes, microemulsions, magnetic materials and high-temperature superconductors. All chapters are written by leading experts in the field and illustrated with tutorial examples for their practical applications to specific subjects. With emphasis placed on physical understanding rather than on rigorous mathematical derivations, the content is accessible to graduate students and researchers in the broad areas of materials science and engineering, chemistry, chemical and biomolecular engineering, applied mathematics, condensed-matter physics, without specific training in theoretical physics or calculus of variations.
This book contains six chapters on central topics in materials science. Each is written by specialists and gives a state-of-art presentation of the subject for graduate students and scientists not necessarily working in that field. Computer simulations of new materials, theory and experimental work are all extensively discussed. Most of the topics discussed have a bearing on nanomaterials and nanodevices.


Welcome to our Centre Circle Audio website. Thank you for visiting and I hope you will find our website exciting, informative and useful. As you browse, I believe that you will get the most inspiring brand experience.
That was in the mid 1990's... Centre Circle Audio was founded by a music loving couple. It was this love that motivated us to set up our humble hifi shop to serve Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding area. We wanted it to be an avenue to share our love and joy in music and hifi, and a place of confluence for fellow enthusiasts.
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