text:
Online Harms — [Sir Edward Leigh in the Chair]
Part of the debate – in Westminster Hall at 3:31 pm on 7th October 2020.
Gavin Newlands Shadow SNP Spokesperson (Transport) 3:31 pm, 7th October 2020
It is a pleasure to see you in the Chair, Sir Edward. We have had an absolutely excellent debate, as evidenced by the number of Members who have attended. The debate opened with a thoughtful and powerful contribution from Holly Lynch, and I congratulate her on securing it. She spoke alarmingly of the 100 online sex crimes against children each day—or more than 100 now—of the endemic misogyny online, and of the serious danger of doing nothing, comparing the long-term effects of doing nothing to smoking.
Andrew Percy spoke of the ridiculous anti-mask and anti-vaxxer narrative and how it has gained traction online. He shared some of the vile antisemitic comments that often get posted online, often unchallenged on some platforms. Chris Elmore went into a lot more detail on the anti-vax brigade, who are too often emboldened by too many in the public eye, including Members in this place. I am sure he is delighted that Trump's dangerous posts are being taken down. Fiona Bruce expressed her disappointment, which I share, in the delay thus far in Government action, and she spoke of the survey that found that 63% of adults wanted the Government to implement part 3 of the Digital Economy Act 2017 immediately.
My hon. Friend Dr Cameron spoke of the tidal wave of mental health problems that we can all see in our constituencies and perhaps even in our own families, and the prevalence of online bullying. I think we all agree with what Carla Lockhart said: if every incident that happened online happened in the street, we would not let our children out the door. She spoke of the importance of age verification being part of any Government action.
Mrs Miller spoke of providers and platforms and the absolute necessity for them to show a duty of care to their customers. She also spoke about the inadequacies of the existing legal framework. I look forward to the Minister's answers to the three sets of on-point questions from Darren Jones. Stephen Doughty spoke of foreign powers spreading disinformation and the dangers of the extreme right wing online, which is definitely a sentiment I agree with.
Carolyn Harris surprised us all by not talking about gambling. She spoke about the fraudulent sale of dangerous, substandard and counterfeit goods. Lastly, Fleur Anderson said that the internet should be a positive place for our children, but that online harm is spiralling out of control. We have had quite contrasting contributions to the debate, but certainly there was a consensus within that that the Government must take action now. As has just been said, the internet should be an enormous and progressive force for good, whether for our economic development or for connecting with family and friends across the world, but all too often our experience can be a negative one, be that through the daily undermining of civil discourse, identity theft or being bullied or abused.
The internet has become an integral, indispensable and in many ways pervasive part of daily life, with nearly 90% of UK adults online. For 12 to 15-year-olds that figure is 99%, and I can definitely state that my 14-year-old is not one of the 1% in this case. One thing I think we all agree on is that the sheer pace of the development of the internet and our use of it, particularly over the past few months, has been difficult for Parliaments, Governments and therefore laws to keep pace with. These reforms are absolutely vital; they were already overdue and they have been subject to repeated delay. The pandemic has only added to the urgent need for their completion, as the world has moved online to an even greater extent.
The last formal update on the White Paper came in a report in February, but during the past six months, the NSPCC has reported an increased risk to children online during lockdown, while cases of covid-19-related fraud and scams have become prevalent. We know of fraudsters routinely targeting victims through sponsored Google and Facebook links and harvesting personal details from fake call centres.
There is a long-standing problem with serious organised criminals impersonating investment products; the Investment Association has reported that in the three months following the start of lockdown, reports of cloning scam activity spiked. Pandemic misinformation and online conspiracy theories have real consequences in the real world too, from increased numbers of people saying they will refuse a vaccine to the burning down of 5G masts.
That all increases the urgency for reform, but, as has been mentioned during the debate, the recent report from the House of Lords Democracy and Digital Technologies Committee said that the Bill might not come into effect until 2024, as the Government drag their feet on a draft Bill. In her response to the debate, may I seek an assurance from the Minister that that is not the case and that it will come in sooner than that?
The longer these delays continue, the more difficult it becomes for the Government to deny that they are due to the influence of extensive lobbying by large tech companies, coupled with a fear of potential damage to US-UK trade talks. Again, I seek an assurance in the Minister's contribution that any trade talks with the US will have no influence on the Government's approach or their timetable for taking action. The UK's reputation as a secure financial centre is also at stake; with Brexit already leading firms to look to relocate, it is even more vital for the Government to avoid giving them another reason to do so.
It goes without saying, but I will say it anyway, that the Scottish Government firmly believe that online abuse is unacceptable and that everybody deserves to be treated fairly, regardless of age, disability, gender, gender identity, race, religion, belief or sexual orientation. The Scottish Government have funded respectme, Scotland's fantastic anti-bullying service, which acts as a source of information for young people in Scotland. The organisation has created and made available publications to raise awareness of the issue of cyber-bullying. It has highlighted that online bullying is still bullying, and it implores us not to get caught up on the medium of abuse. We absolutely must tackle online abuse as robustly and reactively as offline abuse. There should be greater steps taken to inform the public of their right to report online abuse to the police, and training given to police forces on how to handle such cases.
A number of our own MPs, as has been mentioned, have experienced online abuse. Although politicians have chosen to be in public life, and with that comes an acceptance of public criticism, there is a crystal-clear difference between criticism—even harsh criticism—and abuse. I stand with all hon. Members who have suffered abuse, particularly my hon. Friend the Member for East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow during the last election. I will also make the point that, while men are harassed online, when women are the target, online harassment quickly descends into sexualised hate or threats. Online gender-based violence is a clear example of the deeply rooted gender inequalities that still sadly exist in our society.
We have also heard that children are deeply vulnerable to online abuse. We must do more to keep them safe. The Scottish Government have a national action plan on internet safety for children and young people. The plan emphasises the role that wider society, including the online sector, must play in enhancing internet safety for children and young people. The Scottish Government continue to work to ensure that professionals and communities have the appropriate skills and knowledge to provide support to children and young people.
As in England and Wales, there are a number of offences in Scots law that can cover online bullying and harassment. The Scottish Government are looking to add further protections in this area by publishing a hate crime Bill, which will consolidate, modernise and extend existing hate crime legislation, ensuring that it is fit for 21st-century Scotland. The Scottish Government have engaged extensively with more than 50 organisations, including Police Scotland, the Crown Office and others that work in the criminal justice system. The Bill does not prevent people from expressing controversial, challenging or offensive views, nor does it seek to stifle criticism or rigorous debate in any way, but it will target individuals whose behaviour is threatening or abusive and is intended to stir up hatred. The Scottish Government will continue to consult and listen to all views as the Bill progresses, to ensure that the correct balance is struck.
It is crystal clear from today's debate that there is a consensus for action on this vital issue. We just need the Government to get on with it. The longer they wait, the more lives are ruined by online crime and abuse.
(Citation: HC Deb, 7 October 2020, c166WH)


text:
American Politics Will Drown in a Sea of Dark Money
Actually, that's already happened.
The other day, we took a look at how some recently leaked e-mails exposed how the judicial elections in Wisconsin were opened up to bid. Now, our good friends at the Brennan Center at NYU bring us one of their now-regular studies of how an elected judiciary is The Second-Worst Idea In American Politics
Seventy percent of outside television spending came from so-called "dark money" sources, which do not disclose their donors. This dynamic raises particular concerns in judicial races, where dark money can obscure conflicts of interest in cases involving major spenders. Although data is limited, there are indications this reflects a much higher proportion of completely-undisclosed money than is seen in other state races. A recent Brennan Center study of state and local elections in six states found that 12 percent of outside spending in 2014 came from dark money sources. (The study further found that an additional 59 percent of outside spending came from "gray money" sources, entities that disclose donors in a way that makes the original sources of money difficult or impossible to discern. No gray money sources have been identified in any of the 2016 supreme court races.)
There used to be something of a legitimate argument over the merits of an appointed, as opposed to an elected, judiciary. That argument became moot the day that Anthony Kennedy and the lads legitimized influence peddling in Citizens United. The American political process is so utterly corrupted by the money power these days that keeping one branch of government out of the rigged casino has become imperative. For example, at the end of the last Gilded Age, Montana, which had long experience having its politics sublet to the timber, mining, and railroad interests, completely banned corporate money from its campaigns. That was one of the first state laws against which CU was used as binding precedent. Now, as the report informs us, there's a red-hot judicial campaign going on there.
Outside interests appear to be marshaling around a Montana supreme court race for an open seat, between law professor Kristen Juras and district court judge Dirk Sandefur. Juras was endorsed by the Montana Chamber of Commerce, and Montana GOP officials and the head of the Montana Petroleum Association hosted a fundraiser for her. On the other side, the Montana Trial Lawyers Association has reportedly amassed more than $110,000 in contributions to its spending arm the Montana Law PAC, although it has not yet endorsed a candidate. Sandefur has booked $121,385 in airtime on broadcast TV, and as of Aug. 27, had raised $414,000. Juras has raised over $140,000, and has not yet booked airtime. In 2014, Montana's supreme court election set a state record, with $1.5 million in spending, 75 percent of which came from outside groups.
It may be, as Lenny Bruce said, that in the halls of justice, the only justice is in the halls. But it's for sale in either place, these days.
More From Your Guide to the 2016 Presidential Election
Alec Baldwin Worries About Humanizing Trump
FBI Has a Curious Definition for 'Probable Cause'
Trump Is President Because We Can't Face the Truth
Celebrities Are Begging Electors to Ditch Trump
The Hacks Go Far Deeper Than the Presidential Race
Obama Got Real About Russia on The Daily Show
Russia's Election Interference Isn't a Surprise
Russia Deserves to Be Investigated. Period.
This Is What All Future Elections Will Look Like
Here's a Lump of Coal from President-Elect Trump
Your Guide to the 2016 Presidential Election
Dark Money Invades Our Politics, Part Infinity
If Americans Hate 'Dark Money,' Why Does It Exist?
There's Dark Money Buried in Wisconsin
Buying Their Way Out Of Jail
Neil Gorsuch Knows What Dark Money Is
The Job Of Raising Money In Politics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To make the spring risotto, start by preparing the vegetable stock. Rinse the vegetables under running water and then dry them. First of all, take care of the asparagus: remove the filamentous outer part with a potato peeler or a knife, proceeding vertically from top to bottom (1). Cut the hardest white end. Finally cut them into washers (2), keeping the tips intact. Now take the zucchini, sprinkle them, cut them in half lengthwise and then reduce them to small cloves (3).
Also cut the agretti with a knife in three parts (4). To finish clean the onion: remove the green part of the stem, the beard and the hardest outer layer. Then slice it thinly (5). In a pan heat 20 g of olive oil, then pour the sliced onion (6) and fry over a moderate heat for 5 minutes.
Then add the washers the asparagus tips (7) and those cut into washers; after two minutes add the zucchini (8), leave to flavor again a couple of minutes then pour a ladle of broth (9) taken from the total dose.
Continue cooking for 5 minutes then pour the peas (10), let them jump for two minutes and then add the agretti (11). Add salt and pepper and cook for another 2-3 minutes. turn off the heat and keep the vegetables aside (12).
let it toast for 3-4 minutes, stirring occasionally and then blend with white wine (16). Let the wine evaporate and then add a ladle of broth (17), continue cooking for about 15 minutes, stirring often and adding the broth a ladle at a time, waiting for the previous one to be absorbed before adding more. Take back the cooked vegetables, keep aside some asparagus tips for the dish seal (18).
Add the vegetables to the rice (19) stir and continue cooking for another 5 minutes or until the risotto is ready. When cooked, season with grated cheese (20), stir and serve. Garnish the spring risotto with the asparagus tips kept aside and perfumed with the grated lemon peel (21). Enjoy the warm spring risotto!
It is advisable to consume the spring risotto right away.
with leaves of fresh thyme and marjoram!
and with a potato peeler (4) or a small knife remove the outer part to facilitate cooking; collect the clean asparagus in bunch (5), tying them with kitchen string, then arrange the asparagus vertically in a tall, narrow pot (6) containing 4 liters of water; in this way the stems will be boiled in water and the tips will cook with steam. Cook the asparagus until they are soft.
arrange them in a sunburst on the pedal with the tips in the center and cover them with the eggs (10); salt, pepper (11) and sprinkle with Parmesan cheese (12), then cook over low heat until the cheese is partially melted, and serve the Milanese asparagus still warm.
It is better to eat the Milanese asparagus as soon as they are ready. If you want, you can prepare the asparagus already cooked in an airtight container in the refrigerator, and then accompany them with the ciarighì egg just ready!
To cook the asparagus in a high and narrow pan, tie them with a string, so that during cooking they do not move and risk breaking, or cook them in the special steel basket, or changing pan, lay them in a pot large enough to contain them. We advise you to cook the eggs one at a time and cook the asparagus in a pan, already divided into portions in this way it will be easier to control the cooking and you will get the perfect Milanese asparagus!
The asparagus harvest, made with a special spoon-shaped tool, is entrusted to expert people who are all the more skilled as, in this operation, they manage to move the least amount of soil, a precaution that greatly simplifies cleaning procedures previous cooking.
To make the cream and asparagus pasta, boil a pot with water to cook the pasta. Take care of the cleaning of the asparagus: cut away the most hardy white part (1), peel the stalks so as to remove the hardest filaments (2), once cleaned you will get about 300 g of asparagus, cut them into oblique washers and divide in half the tips (3).
then add the spring onion (7) and let it dry for a minute, adding a little hot water to the need to avoid drying it too much. Then remove the garlic (8) and pour the fettuccine into the boiling water and cook a minute less than the time indicated on the package (9).
Continue with the cooking of vegetables and in the pan with the onion add the asparagus into small pieces (10), salt, pepper (11) and continue cooking for 7-8 minutes, at this point pour the cream (12).
Leave the sauce to shrink for a minute, then drain the fettuccine (13) directly, stir-fry, then flavor with pepper, fresh thyme leaves (14) and lemon zest. Stir in a few minutes and then serve the cream and asparagus pasta (15) very hot.
The cream and asparagus pasta is a dish to be consumed at the moment. We do not recommend freezing.
The addition to taste of some toasted pine nuts, dried tomatoes in oil or flakes of grated pecorino seasoned cheese will give a touch of flavor to your dish!


text:
#include "mysys_priv.h"
#include <m_string.h>
#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
#include <pwd.h>
#endif

static char * expand_tilde(char **path);

	/* Pack a dirname ; Changes HOME to ~/ and current dev to ./ */
	/* from is a dirname (from dirname() ?) ending with FN_LIBCHAR */
	/* to may be == from */

void pack_dirname(char * to, const char *from)
{
  int cwd_err;
  size_t d_length, length, buff_length= 0;
  char * start;
  char buff[FN_REFLEN];
  DBUG_ENTER("pack_dirname");

  (void) intern_filename(to,from);		/* Change to intern name */

#ifdef FN_DEVCHAR
  if ((start=strrchr(to,FN_DEVCHAR)) != 0)	/* Skip device part */
    start++;
  else
#endif
    start=to;

  if (!(cwd_err= my_getwd(buff,FN_REFLEN,MYF(0))))
  {
    buff_length= strlen(buff);
    d_length= (size_t) (start-to);
    if ((start == to ||
	 (buff_length == d_length && !memcmp(buff,start,d_length))) &&
	*start != FN_LIBCHAR && *start)
    {						/* Put current dir before */
      bchange((uchar*) to, d_length, (uchar*) buff, buff_length, strlen(to)+1);
    }
  }

  if ((d_length= cleanup_dirname(to,to)) != 0)
  {
    length=0;
    if (home_dir)
    {
      length= strlen(home_dir);
      if (home_dir[length-1] == FN_LIBCHAR)
	length--;				/* Don't test last '/' */
    }
    if (length > 1 && length < d_length)
    {						/* test if /xx/yy -> ~/yy */
      if (memcmp(to,home_dir,length) == 0 && to[length] == FN_LIBCHAR)
      {
	to[0]=FN_HOMELIB;			/* Filename begins with ~ */
	(void) my_stpmov(to+1,to+length);
      }
    }
    if (! cwd_err)
    {						/* Test if cwd is ~/... */
      if (length > 1 && length < buff_length)
      {
	if (memcmp(buff,home_dir,length) == 0 && buff[length] == FN_LIBCHAR)
	{
	  buff[0]=FN_HOMELIB;
	  (void) my_stpmov(buff+1,buff+length);
	}
      }
      if (is_prefix(to,buff))
      {
	length= strlen(buff);
	if (to[length])
	  (void) my_stpmov(to,to+length);	/* Remove everything before */
	else
	{
	  to[0]= FN_CURLIB;			/* Put ./ instead of cwd */
	  to[1]= FN_LIBCHAR;
	  to[2]= '\0';
	}
      }
    }
  }
  DBUG_PRINT("exit",("to: '%s'",to));
  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
} /* pack_dirname */

/*
  remove unwanted chars from dirname

  SYNOPSIS
     cleanup_dirname()
     to		Store result here
     from	Dirname to fix.  May be same as to

  IMPLEMENTATION
  "/../" removes prev dir
  "/~/" removes all before ~
  //" is same as "/", except on Win32 at start of a file
  "/./" is removed
  Unpacks home_dir if "~/.." used
  Unpacks current dir if if "./.." used

  RETURN
    #  length of new name
*/

size_t cleanup_dirname(char *to, const char *from)
{
  size_t length;
  char *pos;
  char *from_ptr;
  char *start;
  char parent[5],				/* for "FN_PARENTDIR" */
       buff[FN_REFLEN+1],*end_parentdir;
#ifdef _WIN32
  CHARSET_INFO *fs= fs_character_set();
#endif
  DBUG_ENTER("cleanup_dirname");
  DBUG_PRINT("enter",("from: '%s'",from));

  start=buff;
  from_ptr=(char *) from;
#ifdef FN_DEVCHAR
  if ((pos=strrchr(from_ptr,FN_DEVCHAR)) != 0)
  {						/* Skip device part */
    length=(size_t) (pos-from_ptr)+1;
    start=my_stpnmov(buff,from_ptr,length); from_ptr+=length;
  }
#endif

  parent[0]=FN_LIBCHAR;
  length=(size_t) (my_stpcpy(parent+1,FN_PARENTDIR)-parent);
  for (pos=start ; (*pos= *from_ptr++) != 0 ; pos++)
  {
#ifdef _WIN32
    uint l;
    if (use_mb(fs) && (l= my_ismbchar(fs, from_ptr - 1, from_ptr + 2)))
    {
      for (l-- ; l ; *++pos= *from_ptr++, l--);
      start= pos + 1; /* Don't look inside multi-byte char */
      continue;
    }
#endif
    if (*pos == '/')
      *pos = FN_LIBCHAR;
    if (*pos == FN_LIBCHAR)
    {
      if ((size_t) (pos-start) > length && memcmp(pos-length,parent,length) == 0)
      {						/* If .../../; skip prev */
	pos-=length;
	if (pos != start)
	{					 /* not /../ */
	  pos--;
	  if (*pos == FN_HOMELIB && (pos == start || pos[-1] == FN_LIBCHAR))
	  {
	    if (!home_dir)
	    {
	      pos+=length+1;			/* Don't unpack ~/.. */
	      continue;
	    }
	    pos=my_stpcpy(buff,home_dir)-1;	/* Unpacks ~/.. */
	    if (*pos == FN_LIBCHAR)
	      pos--;				/* home ended with '/' */
	  }
	  if (*pos == FN_CURLIB && (pos == start || pos[-1] == FN_LIBCHAR))
	  {
	    if (my_getwd(curr_dir,FN_REFLEN,MYF(0)))
	    {
	      pos+=length+1;			/* Don't unpack ./.. */
	      continue;
	    }
	    pos=my_stpcpy(buff,curr_dir)-1;	/* Unpacks ./.. */
	    if (*pos == FN_LIBCHAR)
	      pos--;				/* home ended with '/' */
	  }
	  end_parentdir=pos;
	  while (pos >= start && *pos != FN_LIBCHAR)	/* remove prev dir */
	    pos--;
          if (pos[1] == FN_HOMELIB ||
              (pos >= start && memcmp(pos, parent, length) == 0))
	  {					/* Don't remove ~user/ */
	    pos=my_stpcpy(end_parentdir+1,parent);
	    *pos=FN_LIBCHAR;
	    continue;
	  }
	}
      }
      else if ((size_t) (pos-start) == length-1 &&
	       !memcmp(start,parent+1,length-1))
	start=pos;				/* Starts with "../" */
      else if (pos-start > 0 && pos[-1] == FN_LIBCHAR)
      {
#ifdef FN_NETWORK_DRIVES
	if (pos-start != 1)
#endif
	  pos--;			/* Remove dupplicate '/' */
      }
      else if (pos-start > 1 && pos[-1] == FN_CURLIB && pos[-2] == FN_LIBCHAR)
	pos-=2;					/* Skip /./ */
      else if (pos > buff+1 && pos[-1] == FN_HOMELIB && pos[-2] == FN_LIBCHAR)
      {					/* Found ..../~/  */
	buff[0]=FN_HOMELIB;
	buff[1]=FN_LIBCHAR;
	start=buff; pos=buff+1;
      }
    }
  }
  (void) my_stpcpy(to,buff);
  DBUG_PRINT("exit",("to: '%s'",to));
  DBUG_RETURN((size_t) (pos-buff));
} /* cleanup_dirname */

/**
  Convert a directory name to a format which can be compared as strings

  @param to     result buffer, FN_REFLEN chars in length; may be == from
  @param from   'packed' directory name, in whatever format
  @returns      size of the normalized name

  @details
  - Ensures that last char is FN_LIBCHAR, unless it is FN_DEVCHAR
  - Uses cleanup_dirname

  It does *not* expand ~/ (although, see cleanup_dirname).  Nor does it do
  any case folding.  All case-insensitive normalization should be done by
  the caller.
*/

size_t normalize_dirname(char *to, const char *from)
{
  size_t length;
  char buff[FN_REFLEN];
  DBUG_ENTER("normalize_dirname");

  /*
    Despite the name, this actually converts the name to the system's
    format (TODO: name this properly).
  */
  (void) intern_filename(buff, from);
  length= strlen(buff);			/* Fix that '/' is last */
  if (length &&
#ifdef FN_DEVCHAR
      buff[length - 1] != FN_DEVCHAR &&
#endif
      buff[length - 1] != FN_LIBCHAR && buff[length - 1] != '/')
  {
    /* we need reserve 2 bytes for the trailing slash and the zero */
    if (length >= sizeof (buff) - 1)
      length= sizeof (buff) - 2;
    buff[length]= FN_LIBCHAR;
    buff[length + 1]= '\0';
  }

  length=cleanup_dirname(to, buff);

  DBUG_RETURN(length);
}

/**
  Fixes a directory name so that can be used by open()

  @param to     Result buffer, FN_REFLEN characters. May be == from
  @param from   'Packed' directory name (may contain ~)

  @details
  - Uses normalize_dirname()
  - Expands ~/... to home_dir/...
  - Changes a UNIX filename to system filename (replaces / with \ on windows)

  @returns
   Length of new directory name (= length of to)
*/

size_t unpack_dirname(char * to, const char *from)
{
  size_t length, h_length;
  char buff[FN_REFLEN+1+4],*suffix,*tilde_expansion;
  DBUG_ENTER("unpack_dirname");

  length= normalize_dirname(buff, from);

  if (buff[0] == FN_HOMELIB)
  {
    suffix=buff+1; tilde_expansion=expand_tilde(&suffix);
    if (tilde_expansion)
    {
      length-= (size_t) (suffix-buff)-1;
      if (length+(h_length= strlen(tilde_expansion)) <= FN_REFLEN)
      {
	if ((h_length > 0) && (tilde_expansion[h_length-1] == FN_LIBCHAR))
	  h_length--;
        memmove(buff + h_length, suffix, length);
	memmove(buff, tilde_expansion, h_length);
      }
    }
  }
  DBUG_RETURN(system_filename(to,buff));	/* Fix for open */
} /* unpack_dirname */

	/* Expand tilde to home or user-directory */
	/* Path is reset to point at FN_LIBCHAR after ~xxx */

static char * expand_tilde(char **path)
{
  if (path[0][0] == FN_LIBCHAR)
    return home_dir;			/* ~/ expanded to home */
#ifdef HAVE_GETPWNAM
  {
    char *str,save;
    struct passwd *user_entry;

    if (!(str=strchr(*path,FN_LIBCHAR)))
      str=strend(*path);
    save= *str; *str= '\0';
    user_entry=getpwnam(*path);
    *str=save;
    endpwent();
    if (user_entry)
    {
      *path=str;
      return user_entry->pw_dir;
    }
  }
#endif
  return (char *) 0;
}

/*
  Fix filename so it can be used by open, create

  SYNOPSIS
    unpack_filename()
    to		Store result here. Must be at least of size FN_REFLEN.
    from	Filename in unix format (with ~)

  RETURN
    # length of to

  NOTES
    to may be == from
    ~ will only be expanded if total length < FN_REFLEN
*/

size_t unpack_filename(char * to, const char *from)
{
  size_t length, n_length, buff_length;
  char buff[FN_REFLEN];
  DBUG_ENTER("unpack_filename");

  length=dirname_part(buff, from, &buff_length);/* copy & convert dirname */
  n_length=unpack_dirname(buff,buff);
  if (n_length+strlen(from+length) < FN_REFLEN)
  {
    (void) my_stpcpy(buff+n_length,from+length);
    length= system_filename(to,buff);		/* Fix to usably filename */
  }
  else
    length= system_filename(to,from);		/* Fix to usably filename */
  DBUG_RETURN(length);
} /* unpack_filename */

	/* Convert filename (unix standard) to system standard */
	/* Used before system command's like open(), create() .. */
	/* Returns used length of to; total length should be FN_REFLEN */

size_t system_filename(char *to, const char *from)
{
  return (size_t) (strmake(to,from,FN_REFLEN-1)-to);
}

	/* Fix a filename to intern (UNIX format) */

char *intern_filename(char *to, const char *from)
{
  size_t length, to_length;
  char buff[FN_REFLEN];
  if (from == to)
  {						/* Dirname may destroy from */
    (void) my_stpnmov(buff, from, FN_REFLEN);
    from=buff;
  }
  length= dirname_part(to, from, &to_length);	/* Copy dirname & fix chars */
  (void) my_stpnmov(to + to_length, from + length, FN_REFLEN - to_length);
  return (to);
} /* intern_filename */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you're anything like me, you can't keep a plant alive to save your life. Of maybe you travel often and don't have the time to maintain living plants. I wanted to share with you some of my favorite faux greenery found on Amazon.
I have faux greenery in almost every room of my home. It adds that little touch of farmhouse style and doesn't cost a fortune. They are easily moved from room to room. Everything from wreaths, to potted plants, twigs and vines.
I tend to mainly buy magnolia and boxwood but I have also found some other great pieces that I wanted to share with you. Amazon is one of my "go to" online shopping sites because of the free shipping with prime.
I also recently shared some of my favorite farmhouse lighting also found on Amazon!
Would love to hear all about your favorite faux or preserved greenery pieces you use! Thanks so much for stopping by the blog today!


Abstract Modern central banks have come to view payment systems as a key area of strategic interest, both as part of their responsibilities for financial stability and for the implementation of monetary policy. By considering the evolution of interbank settlement arrangements and central banking functions in the context of a number of diverse historical country case studies, this paper seeks to improve understanding of the development of, and reasons for, central banks' current roles. Starting from a situation where the earliest banks gradually began to accept claims on each other, banks introduced a variety of innovations to clear and settle between themselves more efficiently. Focusing particularly on the lender of last resort function – a key characteristic of a central bank – this paper explores whether institutions at the centre of clearing and settlement arrangements developed central bank-like characteristics.


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SU Announces 2022 Student Entrepreneurship Competition Winners
2022 SU Entrepreneurship Competition winners
SALISBURY, MD---When junior art major Carleigh Stokes moved from Elkridge, MD, to the Eastern Shore to attend Salisbury University in 2019, she decided to use her proximity to the beach resort of Ocean City, MD, to pursue a new hobby: surfing.
She could not have imagined then that her passion for catching waves would result in her winning more than $19,500 in cash and prizes during Salisbury University's annual Franklin P. Perdue School of Business Entrepreneurship Competitions for SU students, sponsored by M&T Bank.
Her victory included the 35th annual Bernstein Achievement Award for Excellence, denoting the competitions' top entry. The award is sponsored by LWRC International; and Rommel Chesapeake, Inc.
Judges applauded Stokes' business plan for Stoked Surf Wax, a project that stemmed from an assignment she received through a graphic design course taught by Allison Seth in SU's Charles R. and Martha N. Fulton School of Liberal Arts.
Tasked with using the skills she learned in the class to create packaging for a fictional product, she decided on one product that aligned with her hobby: surf wax, an adhesive that helps surfers connect their feet with their boards.
Earlier this year, when she began what she called her "dream internship" with the Atlantic Marine Conservation Society in Hampton Bays, NY, she learned that the paraffin-based surf wax used by many of her contemporaries was potentially harmful to some marine life. With a package design already created, she decided to combat this by making her own blend of scented organic surf wax, created with a less toxic beeswax base.
"It's all about Mother Nature, and connecting mind, body and soul," she said.
So far, the product has tested well with her fellow surfers. She hopes to place her organic wax in area surf shops and potentially expand it into a lifestyle brand, such as Billabong, Quicksilver and Roxy.
For now, however, she plans to use her Entrepreneurship Competition winnings to purchase a print-and-cut machine, speeding packaging production and allowing opportunities for more consumer feedback before offering her wax for public sale.
In addition to the $15,000 Bernstein Award, Stokes received $1,000 by advancing in the first round of competitions, the "Invest in My Idea" poster presentation. She also placed first in the second round of the competitions, the "Gull Cage," a Shark Tank-style elevator pitch to local business leaders, earning an additional $2,500, and was selected as the recipient of this year's $1,000 SU Diversity Award.
In all, some 23 teams and individuals participated in this year's competition, with many, like Stokes, representing SU academic schools and colleges beyond the Perdue School.
William Burke, SU executive director of entrepreneurship, attributed the students' interest in part to a University-wide campaign to inform and encourage those enrolled in all of SU's schools and colleges to participate in the competitions and use the resources available to them for preparing their entry. These include the Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Development Hub (the Hub), which opened in 2017 and is located on the first floor of Perdue Hall, and the University's new Dave and Patsy Rommel Center for Entrepreneurship, which opened at SU Downtown in 2021.
Through these resources, members of the University's Collegiate Entrepreneurs' Organization (CEO) offer student-to-student business plan and coaching services. Entrants also receive training and support from members of the local entrepreneurship ecosystem, including John Hickman, director of the Perdue School's Business, Economic and Community Outreach Network (BEACON). He and other SU faculty provided workshops and office hours for the student competitors.
Placing second in the Bernstein round was Bale Out, a construction and warehouse worker safety app proposed by information systems major Chibuzo Opaigbeogu of Upper Marlboro, MD, and accounting major Anthony Calabrese of Annapolis. They earned some $11,000 in cash and prizes, including $5,000 in cash and $5,000 in services from BEACON in the Bernstein round, and $1,000 cash in the "Invest in My Idea" round.
The Extractor, a mechanical device for installing and removing concrete pavers while lessening physical strain on workers, placed third in the Bernstein round. The business plan earned its inventor, Sam Brookbank, an economics major from Mechanicsville, MD, who also placed in last year's Bernstein round, some $8,500 in cash and prizes, including $5,000 from the Bernstein round, $1,000 from the "Invest in My Idea" round and the James A. List Award ($2,500 in legal services).
Bernstein finalist Steven Tayman, a business administration and management major from Severn, MD, proposed Brigade Battery, a lighter, longer-lasting and more versatile lithium-ion marine battery that could supplant existing lead-acid batteries in recreational watercraft. He earned $1,000 in cash during the "Invest in My Idea" round and the James A. List Award ($2,500 in legal services) for a total prize package of some $3,500.
In addition to the four finalists, 11 other business plans received $1,000 each during the "Invest in My Idea" round. Cash awards for this round were provided by judges and supporters of the competition. They included:
Aisle (grocery store directory app) – Mikayla McQuay, Forest Hill, MD
Art by Ally (art shop) – Allison Jones, Bishopville, MD (also received the City of Salisbury Award: $3,000 in cash and $2,000 in services)
Coastal Creations Events + Pastries (event planning) – Lindsay Jones, Bishopville, MD
Maggie Daily (lifestyle website for girls and women ages 13-30) – Margaret Sanders, Catonsville, MD (also received the $1,000 Salisbury Wicomico Economic Development Award)
Noodle (silicone face mask strap) – Zainab Aslam, Federalsburg, MD; Bernadette Blocher, Taneytown, MD; Kenzie Fulton, Severna Park, MD; Katharine Hart, Greenbush, VA; Katelyn Marshall, Hebron, MD; and Tori-Ann Moorman, Silver Spring, MD (also received the $5,000 CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield Medical Award)
Power PB&J (high-protein peanut butter and jelly options) – Brianna Dell, Warwick, MD
Relief (handheld oil diffuser) – Catherine Dominguez-Christian, Easton, MD
U-Recycle (incentivized recycling business) – Raphael Coates, Severna Park, MD; Hannah Dechert, Hebron, MD; Robert Hollenbeck, Millsboro, DE; Jacob Musterman, Centreville, MD; and Luke Weddell, Church Hill, MD
UniFit App (fitness app) – Di'Mond Lockwood, Berlin, MD
University Logistics (college advising app) – Dylan Mobley, Leonardtown, MD
Winovich Furniture and Signs (business furnishings and signs manufacturer) – Joseph Winovich, Clarksburg, MD
Additional winners included:
JJGalore (shoe charms and customizations) – Jane Vivirito and Jena Vivirito, Aberdeen, MD (Simple Fiber Award: $1,000 in cash and $4,500 in services)
Boost (productivity enhancement system) – Zachary Gaines, White Plains, MD; and Collin Horton, Waldorf, MD (SU Veterans Award: $550 in cash and $750 in services)
Regardless of whether their proposals were selected for funding, all participants had the opportunity to win raffles with prizes donated by BeachUm, Heather Brooks, Burley Oak Brewing Co., Dogfish Head Brewery, Global Play Network, Plak That, Rommel's ACE Hardware and The Ugly Pie.
Learn more about how SU students and faculty are exploring opportunities for greatness and making tomorrow theirs at the SU website.


A complete series of blockouts which are resistant to all types of water or solvent-based, UV and plastisol ink. They are easy to apply thanks to their special rheological properties and, despite the high color contrast, they remain transparent, keeping the frame registration phase fast and easy. Our fillers meet the needs of all screen-printing sectors.
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Travis reached down and clicked on the radio. Country western music filled the cab. He rolled down the windows and turned up the volume. Taking the back roads into town afforded him the leisure of singing off key as loud as he wanted. He smiled at the image his thoughts formed. His high school choir director frowned and shook her finger at him every time he deliberately soured a note or two. Mrs. Baxter was probably spinning in her grave. Travis didn't care. He sang for fun, not for anyone's pleasure but his own.
He glanced at the dashboard clock. He had forty-five minutes until he reached the edge of town and civilization. Tabasco Flats, New Texas preferred to keep the decorum of vintage country and southwestern lifestyle alive to the public eye. Since the Revolution divided New America into five new countries, trade agreements and laws were under negotiation in many regions as new states and governments formed. That was ten light years ago and another planet. Even earth's distance memories paled in comparison to the news. The docking station master would need help as the mail order mates disembarked from their ship. Travis's smile grew as he pushed the skimmer's motor into hyper-drive. His bride and co-husband awaited him.
Aleisha Jones swallowed hard as her lottery mate Daniel Zane braided her hair. Washing and combing the long strands was bothersome and one thing she wished she didn't have to deal with. Her contract said her purchaser liked long hair and wanted his bride to wear it braided. Maybe she could sweet talk him into letting her cut her waist length hair off at her shoulders.
Daniel knew how many times he had to criss-cross the strands of hair he held in each hand until Aleisha's braid finished short of her hips. He'd come to love her in a way he hadn't expected to feel again after his wife's death. Time healed wounds. Light years made no dent in his ache and lingering sorrow. Both of them agreed that a life worth living came from understanding that joy and grief balanced each other out. Daniel still wasn't sure when his heart thawed towards her or vice versa. Now he had to share her with someone they barely knew from short communications and two grainy photos. Things were about to get more challenging.
Well the serial started. A bit of scifi and menage tossed together. Let's see what this brings about. I'm feeling good as the weather pings around. Hope you are staying well and sharing a good book or two with your loves and spice. I'm writing away on a novel entitled Tina's Treasure and its turning out to be one hot menage!
Until next week, stay cool and dry, happy, healthy, and safe.


Parasol Alliance: Strategic. Partnership. Success.
Our client's residents, staff and technology expectations are our priority. At Parasol Alliance, we're more than just an IT company. Our team is comprised of nearly 95 years of senior living expertise by staff that have dedicated their careers to providing not only technology solutions, but a vast realm of services related to the industry. We believe our clients deserve to work with technology experts-that's why we exclusively serve the senior living industry. Founded by a group of senior living providers with almost 500 years of combined industry experienced, we are a values-driven company, oriented and positioned for long-term growth.
We partner with each client's leadership and key staff to assess existing technology capabilities and make recommendations to advance, improve and streamline your technology systems. We bring IT investments and initiatives into alignment to develop your Technology Strategic Plan; a 3-year road map that can be used for budgetary and planning purposes.
Our Parasol Partnerships drive client success by providing our clients with a dedicated CIO and handling all their technology needs-not just computers and networks. This partnership leads to increased efficiency, productivity and profitability, and frees our clients to fully focus on the most important aspect of their core business-the residents.
Sometimes senior living communities only need our expertise on an intermittent basis, and we're okay with that. Whether it's optimization of a current business system, system installations or a need for a dedicated project manager for a specific technology project; senior living clients find our consulting services more valuable than taking a deep dive into a project without our expertise.
Our strategic focus forms the core of Parasol Partnerships. These partnerships lead to increased efficiency, productivity, and profitability for our clients. We make our clients more successful – and we have the data to prove it.


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Lancaster Financial Advisor Sentenced For Fraud | Crime
Lancaster Financial Advisor Sentenced For Fraud
Tuesday, January 24th, 2012, 9:33am
Topics: Crime
A Statement Released by United States Attorney William J. Hochul, Jr., Western District of New York
BUFFALO, N.Y.--U.S. Attorney William J. Hochul, Jr. announced today that Richard Pascucci, 31, of Lancaster, N.Y., who was convicted of wire fraud, was sentenced to a 30 months in prison by U.S. District Judge Richard J. Arcara. Judge Arcara also ordered Pascucci to pay $261,000 in restitution to two victims.
Assistant U.S. Attorney Paul J. Campana, who handled the case, stated that in 2009, while working as a self-employed financial advisor, Pasucci stole $206,000 from an elderly woman. The defendant then stole $55,000 from a second victim in 2010. Pascucci had given investment advice to both victims before stealing their money and using it for his own living expenses. Judge Arcara ordered Pascucci to make full to the estate of his first victim, who died last spring as well as the second victim.
The sentencing is the result of an investigation by Special Agents of the United States Secret Service under the direction of Special Agent In-Charge Tracy A. Gast, and the Village of Hamburg Police Department, under the direction of Chief Dennis G. Gleason.


The vector flags of all states in Europe (both EU members and not): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Vatican. The vector image of EU flag is also included.
The vector coats of arms of all states in Europe (both EU members and not): Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Vatican. The vector image of EU flag is also included.
The vector flags of all 27 member-states of European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom. The vector image of EU flag is also included.


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Home / Family Tree / Singers / Nicole Scherzinger Family Photos, Boyfriend, Ethnicity, Age
Nicole Scherzinger Family Photos, Boyfriend, Ethnicity, Age
Nicole Scherzinger is one of the top singers, songwriter and actress in America, who has also established herself as a top television personality. She was very keen of singing in her childhood and pursued her dream by joining Youth Performing Arts School. After this, she became the vocalist for the well-reputed band Days of the New in 1999. She started performing with her band and became popular in no time. Later she left the band for the sake of becoming solo artist. She has sung many single songs in her long career. This versatile singer has won many nominations and awards in her long singing career. Aside from her singing career, she has also worked as an actress in numerous Hollywood films. She stands in the list of strongest women of America. For more information about Nicole Scherzinger, about her family, boyfriend, ethnicity, and age, please scroll down.
Nicole Scherzinger Family:
She was born into a Christian family in Honolulu Hawaii. She is the daughter of Alfonso Valiente and Rosemary Elikolani. In her early days of life, her parents separated due to any reason. She was grown up with her maternal family with her sister Keala and stepfather Gary Scherzinger. She loves her stepfather a lot and adopted his surname. Nicole Scherzinger parents photos available here.
Nicole Scherzinger Boyfriend:
She was in a relationship with one of the top Formula 1 racing champion Lewis Hamilton. The couple has faced many ups and downs in their relationship and finally ended up in February 2015. After that, she started dating to Grigor Dimitrov, a tennis star. There are also rumors that she split up with him in July 2018. As she will confirm her break up with her boyfriend or get married, we will update it here. There is currently no news about Nicole Scherzinger husband.
Nicole Scherzinger Height:
Nicole Scherzinger height is 5.5 feet tall. She has perfect height and weight ratio.
Nicole Scherzinger Ethnicity:
This versatile singer is of mix ethnicity. Her father is from Filipino while her mother is a Russian and Hawaiian descent. She remained with her mother and that is why she follows in the footsteps of her mother. She is a strict follower of the Catholic religion.
Nicole Scherzinger Age:
She was born on 29th June in 1977 in Honolulu Hawaii. Nicole Scherzinger age is 40 years in 2018.
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Time Machines – album zespołu Coil. Składają się na niego cztery utwory, każdy bazujący na pojedynczym, wibrującym dźwięku. Każdy utwór przedstawia działanie pewnego środka psychodelicznego. Według Johna Balance'a każdy dźwięk był wielokrotnie sprawdzany pod kątem jego właściwości narkotycznych i sprzyjaniu podróży w czasie. John Balance nazwał ten album próbą "stopienia czasu".

Planowano wydanie pięciopłytowego wydania boxowego. W styczniu 2006 zapowiedziano przyszłe wydanie wersji dwupłytowej.

Spis utworów

CD (1998)
 "7-Methoxy-β-Carboline: (Telepathine)" – 23:10
 "2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethyl-Amphetamine: (DOET/Hecate)" – 13:28
 "5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyl: (5-MeO-DMT)" – 10:02
 "4-Indolol, 3-[2-(Dimethylamino)Ethyl]' Phosphate Ester: (Psilocybin)" – 26:51

Płyta winylowa 2x12" (2001)
Strona A:
 "7-Methoxy-B-Carboline: (Telepathine)"
Strona B:
 "2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethyl-Amphetamine: (DOET/Hecate)"
Strona C:
 "5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyl: (5-MeO-DMT)"
Strona D:
 "4-Indolol,3-[2-(Dimethylamino)Ethyl], Phosphate Ester: (Psilocybin)"

Przypisy

Zobacz też
 Telepatyna
 5-MeO-DMT
 Psylocybina

Linki zewnętrzne
 nalepki: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Albumy Coila
Albumy muzyczne wydane w roku 1998

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


May 16, 2012 – Executive search firm The Buffkin Group has placed Tom Miller as the new senior vice president of sales for Transzact. Transzact's solutions provide shippers of all modes with freight audit and payment, reporting and TMS applications, rate negotiation and savings, contract development, consulting and analysis. The Buffkin Group is an executive search firm offering services in executive search, executive coaching, management assessment and executive outplacement.


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❯English Premier League ❯ Wolverhampton Wanderers plan surprise move for Diego Costa
Wolverhampton Wanderers plan surprise move for Diego Costa
Wolverhampton Wanderers could offer a contract to former Chelsea striker Diego Costa, UOL Esporte claims.
The Spaniard mutually parted ways with Atletico Madrid at the turn of the year, but he has since been a free agent.
It is now reported that Wolves are interested in the former Blues man after being given the go-ahead by manager Bruno Lage.
They are still assessing whether to offer a contract to Costa as they need to find out the financial demands of the marksman.
Wolves struggled during the back end of the previous campaign as they missed the physical presence of Raul Jimenez after his serious head injury.
He could make his comeback for the 2021/22 season, but there are still doubts whether he can play with the same confidence before the setback.
Fabio Silva impressed towards the end of the campaign, but the teenager is not the best when it comes to holding up play for his teammates.
Willian Jose arrived from Real Sociedad on loan in January to provide a solution, but he was disappointing, registering just a goal and an assist from 18 games.
Costa is no longer in the prime of his career, but he could be a handful for Premier League defenders with his physical presence in and around the box.
He continues to possess a good scoring record. The 32-year-old netted twice in just 204 minutes in La Liga last season before his release.
However, the main concern has been his fitness over the past few seasons, and Wolves may want to make a thorough medical assessment.
Costa was earning a staggering €16 million annually at Atletico, and he would also need to accept a significant pay-cut to join the Midlands outfit.
The Spaniard previously played for Chelsea in England between 2014 and 2017. He bagged 52 goals and 18 assists from just 89 league outings.
Read: Manchester City ready to discuss new contract with Raheem Sterling.
English Premier League Transfer News & Rumours Wolves


dnata has been re-awarded the license to provide full ground and cargo handling services at Zurich Airport for another seven years from December 2018 till 2025. This allows the company to seamlessly transition from its current licence to the new one, with no interruption to operations.
"We are very pleased that Zurich Airport has found in us a reliable partner and has entrusted us to provide ground handling and cargo needs to our airline customers at the airport for another seven years." said Mark Bradley, CEO - Europe, dnata.


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A Case Study in Family Business Planning
Many people remember the Bullard Company, a respected Connecticut manufacturer and employer for more than 70 years. What many do not know is that sound financial planning might have saved it from going out of business.
Dan Bullard's family founded the Bullard Company in the 1870s. During its heyday, the Bullard Company employed 2000 people and was world-famous for making machine tools used by automakers, defense plants, and other manufacturers. 2000 employees worked at the Bullard Company in Bridgeport, CT.
The Bullard Company was a family business. After World War II, as various members of the Bullard family died, their stock in the Bullard Company was sold to pay estate taxes.
As a result, the business was publicly traded and listed on the NYSE. By the early 1960s, the stock was widely held and a tender offer was made by White Consolidating of Cleveland, which eventually led to the demise of the company.
Estate planning, tax planning, and the efficient use of life insurance could have helped the family-held business pass from generation to generation.
Wikipedia - Bullard Machine Tool Company; Vintage Machinery - Bullard Machine Tool Co.; American Precision Museum - Edward P. Bullard Jr, elected to Machine Tool Hall of Fame; 1982 American Machinist - Edward P. Bullard Sr. Biography, published January 1907.


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Fox Racing Titan Sport Protection Jacket Full body under jersey coverage has a new standard with the Titan Sport Jacket. Its complete plastic plating of key contact areas is unmatched. Its full mesh main body offers a precise, bunch-free fit. Add in the intelligently engineered ventilation zones and the Titan Sport Jacket truly becomes the ultimate battle suit Fox Racing Body Armour Features: Anatomic high impact two piece plastic chest plate Removable articulated plastic back coverage High impact plastic shoulder and elbow coverage Soft vented mesh main body fabric for enhanced fit, comfort and ventilation Center zipper for easy on and off certified Buy Fox Racing Clothing from Chain Reaction Cycles, the World's Largest Online Bike Store.
Per maggiori informazioni, vai su www.chainreactioncycles.com.


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By Robert Ross on July 22, 2016 • ( Leave a comment )
Scott Sutherland
Meteorologist/Science Writer
Thursday, July 21, 2016, 6:03 PM – Soaring global temperatures. Months of record low Arctic sea ice extent. Unusual weather patterns. 2016 has been racking up some incredible records so far, but there's signs that 2017 may buck the trend of the past three years.
NOAA and NASA have released their latest analyses of global temperatures, for June and for the first half of 2016 so far, and the world is setting even more records for heat.
• Hottest month of June on record. Compared to the 20th century average, it came in at +0.90oC according to NOAA and +0.80oC according to NASA. (The Japan Meteorological Agency records it at +0.76oC, which ties their record for June 2015)
• 40th consecutive month of June with an average global temperature anomaly that put it above the 20th century average, according to NOAA, with June 1976 being the last month of June with a temperature below the 20th century average.
• 378th consecutive month with an average global temperature above the 20th century average, based on NOAA records. December 1984 was the last month that was below the average.
• Hottest January to June year-to-date on record, at +1.05oC above the 20th century average, according to NOAA.
• Now at the spearhead of a 14-month long streak of record-breaking hottest months, since May 2015, continuing the longest such string of broken records in NOAA's 137-year tally of global temperatures (May 2016's 13-month streak was the previous record).
Based on a NASA comparison to pre-20th century temperature records, the first half of 2016 racked up a temperature of more than 1.3oC above average.
A comparison of the first six months of each year, going back to the start of reliable temperature records, in 1880. Credit: NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies
During a press briefing on Tuesday, Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said this record is "dancing" with the low-end targets set by the new Paris climate agreement in December of 2015, which proposed an optimistic 1.5oC limit to anthropogenic warming, compared to temperatures in the pre-industrial era.
What does this mean for 2016?
All of this puts 2016 squarely on course to be the third "hottest year on record" in a row – an unprecedented streak in our record books – with roughly 99 per cent certainty.
Part of the reason for 2016 temperatures soaring far above all previous years is the record-setting El Niño that dominated the equatorial Pacific Ocean for most of 2015, however, it was not the dominant reason for it.
According to Schmidt, El Niño was only 40 per cent responsible for 2016 being hotter than 2015 so far. The other 60 per cent of the record heat is due to the increase in greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.
"While the El Niño event in the tropical Pacific this winter gave a boost to global temperatures from October onwards, it is the underlying trend which is producing these record numbers," Schmidt said. in a NASA statement.
La Niña in the works?
According to the latest update from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, their forecast shows that the odds of a La Niña developing by fall are still highest, compared to El Niño or "neutral" (neither El Niño nor La Niña), but only slightly. In previous forecasts, the probability of seeing a La Nina fully developed by Fall 2016 was around 60-70 per cent. Now, the chances have fallen to less than 50 per cent, and are only slightly higher than the odds of seeing a neutral scenario.
La Niña is the opposite of an El Niño, where the normal patterns of wind and water in the Pacific are kicked into overdrive, producing widespread colder-than-normal conditions in the eastern tropical Pacific. While El Niño 2015-2016 has officially dissipated, and temperatures in the tropical Pacific are cooler than normal, NOAA will not officially call a La Niña until there is solid evidence that the pattern has fully developed. This typically occurs when the ONI – the Oceanic Nino Index, which tracks a three-month running average of sea surface temperature anomalies in the central tropical Pacific – is at -0.5 or lower for at least three periods. Based on the current value of +0.7 up to the end of June, we're not likely to see three consecutive ONI values at or below the La Nina threshold until at least the end of October.
Bucking the trend in 2017?
Whereas starting the year in an El Niño pattern tends to push global temperatures up, as we've seen in 2015 and 2016, if a La Niña develops before the start of 2017, it is unlikely that the year will become the fourth hottest on record in a row.
Simply look back to the years after 1998, right after we saw the last "super" El Niño.
NOAA annual temperatures, highlighting the 1997-98 "super" El Niño and the La Niña that followed it, in 1999-2000. Credit: NOAA NCEI/S. Sutherland
At the time, 1997 had ranked as the warmest year on record, and 1998 took the top spot on that list the year after. Following these two warm years, however, 1999 and 2000 were comparatively cooler, and are the coolest years of the past 19-year period of NOAA's records.
What happens in the year(s) to come will depend on how La Niña develops (if it develops at all). In some cases, a strong La Niña can form after a strong El Niño. In other cases, a weaker, longer-duration La Niña can develop. The La Niña that formed in 1999 was both strong and it lasted for over two and a half years.
One big difference now, compared to back then, is that the oceans are generally warmer now. Thus, any developing La Niña is facing far different conditions now compared to the 1998-2001 La Niña, and it remains to be seen what kind of impact that extra heat will have.
Regardless of the development of a La Niña and any associated cooling it brings on, it will have absolutely no impact on the long-term trend, of course. As seen in the graph above, after 2000, temperatures may have fluctuated year to year, but they were still generally rising, due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Regardless of a developing La Nina now, and its potential impact on the next year or two, that rise will continue as long as we continue to burn fossil fuels.
Source: NOAA, NASA
Categories: Definition, La Niña
Tagged as: Definitions, Drought, Global Temperature, Predicting, Temperature
El Niño 'could be in final month' say climate experts


Water is a precious resource that costs money to acquire. Certain areas have such an unreliable or low supply of water that some local jurisdictions impose restrictions on everything from car washing to lawn watering to conserve water.
The problem is that not all water is wasted intentionally. Much of what gets wasted tends to be due to underground leaks.
The EPA's WaterSense program published a number of facts on water leaks. The average household loses 10,000 gallons of water each year due to leaks. This amounts to 1 billion gallons of water being lost annually at a national level.
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Benefits of irrigation in the Upper Midwest
From aquifer conservation to yield bumps, adding irrigation could be a boon to crop producers.
Tom Buman | Apr 12, 2019
For any country that wants to grow an adequate and stable food supply, some level of irrigation is necessary. Even in the Upper Midwestern U.S., where there is ample rain-fed cropland, we count on irrigated acres to provide stable crop production, especially in drought years. As recently as 1988 and 2012, corn and soybean yields in Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana tanked, because of droughts. The U.S. food supply would have been on unstable ground in those years, without the irrigated areas in the Great Plains.
The Ogallala Aquifer, underlying eight states in the Great Plains, supports nearly one-fifth of the wheat, corn, cotton and cattle produced in the United States. However, it is widely reported that water from the Ogallala Aquifer is being extracted faster than it is being replenished in some areas. Because it is a non-renewable resource, the Ogallala Aquifer, and others like it, should be conserved.
It is possible to conserve these important nonrenewable water resources, like the Ogallala Aquifer, and still protect the U.S. food supply in drought years, by irrigating the Upper Midwest. While this may seem like an irrational idea and waste of resources, let's take a closer look at how it could be accomplished.
The Upper Midwest often receives excess rainfall, resulting in flooding of high value metropolitan areas. In fact, in most years, flood events are more prevalent than droughts. To mitigate flooding, cities often look upstream to locate and build structures to store excess water and reduce flooding. In times of drought, the same water retention structures could become the water source for drought-stricken cropland. This seems like an excellent way to build a more resilient landscape; capturing water during periods of excess and using it in times of need.
Multiple revenue streams could be used to finance the dual-purpose water retention structures. Those farmers interested in spending money on irrigation systems, coupled with reductions in federal crop damage premiums, could offset the cost of the impoundments. Downstream, the beneficiaries of improved flood control could also help pay for a percentage of water retention structures.
In 2012, Jim Sladek, a southeast Iowa farmer, said his irrigated acres out-yielded his non-irrigated areas by 120 bushels per acre; the profits of which paid for the original irrigation system – in just one year. In 2014, Sladek built an 18-acre pond for another irrigation system. Jim is still making adjustments, but he is confident he can increase yields by 50 bushels/acre/year, on average.
Sladek says, the harder farmers push to produce more, the higher the risk of something going wrong. Irrigation is one input that should improve yields and lower risk. There are few inputs, other than water, that can make this claim. For this reason, he is excited about irrigation in the Upper Midwest.
As an alternative to pumping nonrenewable resources dry like the Ogallala Aquifer, why would we not consider using water from flood retention structures to irrigate Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana?
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The sewing business covers a variety of related fields. You can focus on alterations and garment repair, to sewing custom-made clothes, costumes, draperies, curtains, and quilts. You can also work on embroideries, knitting, and crocheting. Some others concentrate on sewing bridal clothes, while others choose tailoring as their specialty.
In addition to selling sewing services, you can also create products that you can market and sell. There are a number of sewing products with a ready market for your business, from tote bags, knitwear hats, and scarves, canvas cushions for outdoor and boats. Others make a living by producing custom upholstery, animal outfits, and unique pillow cases and bedding materials from antique fabrics. The market is wide open for anyone with creative skills and the knowledge of sewing.
If you have a natural flair for sewing and find it easy to turn your hand to any sewing technique, then you should seriously consider starting to make money from your sewing.
Custom sewing, also called custom clothier or custom dressmaker. Your task is to sew garments for individual clients.
Custom Designer. A designer is a step above the dressmaker, as you sew for individual clients using your own designs, rather than sew from patterns. A custom designer may have wider market as you can sell your designs to stores and boutiques.
Sewing for Weddings. Bridal business is big business. Many seamstresses make very good living focusing on the creation of wedding gown and wedding accessories.
Sewing for the Home. Home decors and accents also provide a big market for the home sewing business. You can focus on sewing custom window treatments including draperies and curtains, slipcovers, specially-made pillows, shower curtains, bed covers and other bedding materials.
Sewing Crafts  from shoulder bags to toys.
Alterations. From sewing a seam to replacing a zipper. Alterations can be a profitable business as many people have something hanging in their closet that needs repair  and they have no idea how to do it.
Sewing for pets. This is a growing segment, and you can create horse blankets, clothes for dogs and other pets.
In choosing your niche, determine the area of expertise that you are most comfortable with and has the biggest market. While you may be quite accomplished and comfortable in several different areas, avoid spreading yourself too thin by taking on many different tasks.
To succeed in this business, you must have the sewing expertise for your chosen field combined with adequate knowledge. If you are focusing on draperies, you must know the best materials, the latest styles and fabrics to create the drapes your client wants. If you intend to start a bridal gown sewing business, you must know everything about wedding gowns.
Your sewing skills must be excellent, if not the best. If your work is less than superior, keep improving and constantly learn all the newest methods. When you are serious about your work and prepared to go the extra mile, you will succeed!
Like any other business, you should also take the time to research and test-market your product or service ideas to determine whether your venture has a market potential. Writing a business plan, even if you are not seeking outside financing, is a crucial step to help you focus and think through your business. The exercise will force you to determine your client base, identify their needs and find ways to reach them. You will have to answer questions such as: where and how will you sell your products or services? Who is your competition?
You will also need to find out about business permits, traffic considerations, sign regulations and lots more. Check if there are any zoning restrictions in your area that prohibits hanging a sign on your own property. Given that this is a people business where you really need to see your customers (e.g. fittings, consultations, etc), determine the rules in terms of traffic. Your neighborhood zoning rules may prohibit constant comings and goings of people in your house. In some cases, even though you think you are operating within the bounds of the law, your neighbors may find your business to be a disturbance and complain.
To launch this business, you need a reliable and versatile sewing machine and other sewing equipment. If you don't have the equipment yet, buy the best you can afford, even if it is second-hand. Good equipment goes a long way in making work easier (and more fun!) and in assuring good results.
Your major investment for this business is the sewing machine. Sewing machines cost anywhere from $129 to $6,000, depending on its features. Check out the different brands and models, and what they can do and how well they function. There are now advanced computerized sewing machines that accept floppy disks or embroidery cards to create embroidery designs. Some have automatic needle threader, LCD touch panel, and machines that can create 5 different button holes.
You may also need serger machines, which allows you to create decorative and construction overlock stitches on all types and weights of fabrics. This machine can cost anywhere from $300 to $1600.
Another equipment you will need is measuring tape and rulers, shearing and cutting scissors, pattern markers, needles, threads, and others. You also need to purchase a full-length mirror to check on an individual garment and keep you aware of what looks well and what does not.
Potential earning will depend on tasks and garments. Check out your competition or the prevailing rates in your neighborhood. You do not want to price yourself out of the market, yet you should strive to compensate yourself properly. Avoid giving your work away or pricing it too low. Charge enough that you are receiving a respectable hourly wage for your time plus a profit.
For alterations, you may want to charge anywhere from $5-$30 per garment. Specialize costume creations can sell for up to $1,000, although prices vary for custom clothes. Evening gowns can start at $200 and wedding gowns can sell as much as $5,000, but children's clothes may sell from $10-$50.
The two most important considerations in setting your price are the time you think you will spend to complete the project and the cost of materials. Be sure to discuss all costs with your customer prior to beginning work, from the kind of fabric to be used, to the buttons and zippers. If you are making draperies, measure the area accurately and discuss with the client the amount of fabric that would be needed. Some clients provide the fabric, while in some cases you will be tasked to choose the material. Consult with the client every step of the way to avoid conflicts and unsatisfied clients. Draw up contracts for costly jobs.
Once you line up enough business to keep yourself busy, you can expect to earn $20,000 to $35,000 per year. An experienced seamstress with a solid client base can earn as much as $60,000. You can exceed this range if you hire employees to do the work while you're out marketing your business.
Word-of-mouth advertising is often the most effective way of spreading the word on a sewing business. You do a good job for one client and the word spreads. It will be slow at first, but once you get going, you will begin to get repeat work and referrals.
Other ways to advertise include running your yellow pages ads or posting on community boards. You can also leave your business cards and/or flyers in fabric shops, beauty salons, grocery stores, resource centers, senior centers, and cleaners. Contact charity organizations and lend your sewing talents to charitable events. Get in touch with local theater groups that may require your services for any costumes or set designs. By attending craft fairs you will be able to network and meet potential clients.
You can also establish partnership arrangements with your neighborhood cleaners. In the past, most cleaners kept an on-staff seamstress or tailor, but now most cleaners farm out this task to sewing services. To reach retail cleaners, you simply call around to find out who needs your services. When you work with a cleaner, you will need to schedule regular times each week (probably twice per week) when they can expect you, so customers who need alterations can meet you at the store.
The sewing business is creative, enjoyable, but stressful. There are deadlines to be met, and difficult customers to deal with. Some jobs may require a great deal of attention to detail and time and your income potential is hampered by the number of outfits you can produce in one day. For this business to grow and allow you to earn more, you will need to hire additional workers. Nonetheless, sewing can be a fun and rewarding business for those who loves to sew.
Sewing business has become one of the most widespread service business today. If you enjoy sewing, learn how to start a profitable sewing business from home.
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Location & Directions to Prestige Auto Mart in East Providence, RI!
Looking for directions to Prestige Auto Mart? If you're a RI driver on the market for a used/ pre-owned vehicle at an affordable price, you have come to the right place. We are sure you will find just what you're looking for here at Prestige with a large selection of vehicles to choose from whether it be a car, truck, SUV/Crossover, sedan, minivan, hatchback, coupe, or even a cargo van. Plus, our expert sales staff works to exceed customer expectations and will help every step of the way to ensure you find the vehicle of your dreams.
We welcome drivers from all of Rhode Island and surrounding Massachusetts towns including Seekonk and Attleboro. Prestige Auto Mart is conveniently located just 3 miles east of Providence at 377 Taunton Ave, East Providence, RI 02914.
Directions from Providence: Get on I-195 E to exit 4 for US-44 E/ Taunton Ave. In 0.3 miles continue onto US-44 E/ Taunton Ave and continue to follow US-44 East. In 0.8 miles turn left onto Hall Street. Turn left on Taunton Ave in 0.1 miles and our destination will be on the left!
We invite you to come visit our East Providence showroom filled with quality vehicles hand selected by Manny Sarmento himself! All of our used/ pre-owned vehicles are pre-tested for reliability and safety before they come on our lot. We understand that buying a vehicle is a big commitment, which is why we are here to help every step of the way from giving you a tour of our extensive inventory to introducing you to our expert finance team. No matter what your current financial situation, we are dedicated to getting you financed and even offer our very own Buy Here Pay Here program that ensures guaranteed credit approval or the car is free.