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(Felis serval)
Servals have relatively the longest legs of all cats, an adaptation that is not for fast running, as is often asserted, but which seems to be primarily related to the problem of hunting small or medium prey in tall grass. Scent-oriented predators can follow the trails of small animals but the serval, like other cats, depends on sight and hearing to detect prey. The former sense is severely impeded in tall grass so the serval is left with hearing, which is very acute and finds expression in the enormous ears. To get an accurate "fix" by means of sound alone the detector needs to gain elevation and this is likely to be the prime reason for the Servals tallness. The long limbs assist spectacular vertical jumps and lightning jabs with the forepaws, but increased striking range is itself dependent on the elevation of the predator's vantage point. The Servals' ears are their most prominent and highly characteristic features. Their backs, like those of the lion and leopard, are decorated with white blobs surrounded by black margins. The ears' role in signaling, however, is evidently subsidiary to their primary function as sound funnels and they are not flickered about in the way a caracal's ears are. In the more westerly part of the equatorial zone the serval cat's pattern is dimorphic. A fine freckled form (servaline) and a bold black-spotted form occur in about equal ratios in south-western Uganda and in eastern Zaire, a region in which it is common to find both
morphs in a single litter. In drier areas further south and east large-spotted morphs are the dominant or exclusive type.
Melanistic Servals are common in the highland areas of Kenya and Ethiopia and have also been recorded from northern Tanzania, Tsavo, South Ankole, and Karamoja. Like those of leopards and cheetahs, the Serval's spots are probably the product of a process of amalgamation, which suggests that the "servaline" freckle pattern represents a phylogenetically older type of organization. At one time freckled skins were mistakenly assigned to distinct species: F. brachyura and F. servalina. The predominance of the bold spotted morph in south-eastern Africa suggests that there has been stronger selection for this type in the drier grasslands than in the more moist equatorial regions. What this selective pressure might be is difficult to imagine but there is some correlation between humidity and tonal effect (Gloger's rule) in that melanistic servals and servalines, which are darker in overall tone, come from moist areas. Studying Servals in the Aberdare National Park, York (1973), describes animals with varying degrees of melanism as well as all-black animals.
Servals are found in all the grass savannas of Africa and are common in sub-alpine habitats including bamboo and
forest evnironments as long as they are well interspersed with grassy glades or moorland. At lower altitudes, they are abundant along the margins of forest galleries and of reed beds and marshes. They have adapted well to the cultivation fallow mosaic that is now widespread over the moister parts of Africa. A very wide range of small mammals, birds, reptiles and insects (notably termites and grasshoppers) have been recorded in their diet but they may, at times, partly abandon predaceous habits. Verschuren (1958) found that four out of seven stomachs of Garamba Servals contained mainly vegetable matter and Rahm and Christiaensen (1963) noted bananas and avocado. My own captives sometimes ate quantities of
green grass but this is common in many felid and canid species. Judging by published records, hares and rodents are the most common foods with murid species such as Mastomys, Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys and Dasymys, mole rats, Tachyoryctes and Cryptomys, ground squirrels, Xerus erythropus and cane rats, Thryonomys, all recorded.
Both diurnal and nocturnal prey species are represented and this accords with the observed activity of Servals, which is mainly crepuscular and nocturnal but extends into the day in some localities during the wet season. Where human settlement is intensive, it is generally wholly nocturnal. Most prey is killed on the ground but serval has been reported pursuing a hyrax up a tree. Nonetheless, it is not normally arboreal. Verheyen (1951) reported Servals killing duikers and the young of larger species of antelopes, such as oribi and bushbuck but Rahm noted that adult duikers are only successfully hunted when there are two Servals, and general observations of single cats in fruitless pursuit of small
antelopes gives some credence to this. The largest recorded prey is a female impala on which two Servals were seen
one early morning; as the animal was killed in long grass she had presumably been ambushed. When prey is fairly large or likely to bite back, the serval springs high and strikes hard with all four feet and delivers a deep and accurate bite. It is interesting that this technique, which appears to be adapted to small prey, is not greatly modified for larger victims and York (1973) describes a Serval circling for a few seconds and repeating its high spring and bite when it was dislodged by the violence of a baby gazelle's struggles. This 7kg fawn was only killed after several minutes of effort.
Prey that is first identified by sight is stalked by eye to as close as possible, the cat crouching low on the ground, perhaps raising its head cautiously if the prey disappears from sight. A short rush may follow but chases are seldom sustained for more than a few tens of meters. Birds are sprung upon with a prodigious leap or in a short charge, grabbed with the claws, and instantly immobilized with a bite in the neck. Rahm and Christiaensen saw Servals excavating Tachyoryctes by scratching away their earth mounds and digging into the short burrow. Then they have been seen to leap up in the air and alight on the mole rat. The blesmol (Cryptomys) on the other hand has a very long burrow but hastens to repair the break if an entrance is unplugged. In this case Verheyen reported the serval scratching mounds away and awaiting the arrival of the blesmol which it then seized in its teeth. I have often watched Servals hunting very small prey that was totally hidden in grass, in which case the cats listened very intently and then hooked down at the rustling.
If contact is not made with the first jab, the Serval continues with a very fast succession of bouncing strikes with the neck erect, chin in chest, and tail vertical. This is a searching technique for which the long loose digits and its strongly curved claws are particularly well adapted. If the prey is hooked it may be tossed up and then pounced upon or the cat
may hold the rat down while it bites the back of its neck and then lets go, watching it intently. When my hand-reared female discovered small Typhlops snakes she would kill them with repeated strokes of her paw but very seldom mouthed or ate them, although this was seen on one occasion. Rustling in leaf litter or in short or flattened grass always precipitates an attack and one must be careful with pet Servals not to let one's fingers fidget beneath cover at ground level or the results will be very painful. Even when the Serval is hungry it may choose to play with the dead or dying animal, seizing it in the mouth, and tossing it into the air and often standing on the hind legs to swipe at it as it falls. This is particularly noticeable whenever the prey is a bird. Servals are accomplished pluckers which suggests that birds are a regular item of their diet. Quails, Coturnix, spur fowl Pternistes, guineafowis, Numidia, and bustards, Otidae have been recorded in their diet. My own captives ate a variety of species and especially relished doves but always refused duck.
The plucking technique is also applied but with less thoroughness to hares and it is interesting to see that when birds or hares are lifted in the mouth and tossed, the tossing movements often change imperceptibly into deliberate plucking. In fact the two activities may be homologous, for plucking is unlike any form of chewing, biting, or tearing and requires a different type of motor pattern. As playing with maimed or dead prey is universal among felids whereas skilful plucking is not, it is possible that Servals and caracals developed their plucking expertise by the elaboration of an innate action pattern. Even captives reared in isolation display the capacity to pluck so it is not a learned skill. De La Fuente (1970) mentions Servals eating fish and my own captives relished them and would hook live fish out of a basin one after the other with fast jabs of one foreleg and a deft scoop of the wrist which sent the fish flying. When the prey animal is too large to be eaten at one sitting the Serval may cache it. I watched my captive female hide the back
part of a hare she had half eaten by scratching leaves, dead grass and other detritus over it with both front and back paws. The same female would sometimes make kicking or raking movements in the litter when she was given a particularly large or heavy piece of meat or, at times, when she had been approached suddenly and silently and therefore appeared to be surprised or nervous. When this animal was fed at a time when a strange male Serval was newly housed nearby, she carried her meat continuously for fifteen minutes, pacing up and down her run with her eyes staring and making jerky movements. Finally the meat was eaten without play in the most secluded corner of her run.
The smaller felids seldom share their spoils so it is all the more intriguing to consider the status of those Servals seen sharing or participating in a single large kill. From observation of captives it seems very unlikely that adult females would ever associate and females only tolerate a male during estrus, an association that does not last for very long and tends to be preoccupied with sexual activity. Juveniles or a mother and her young are not as well equipped to tackle larger prey as adult males, which are appreciably heavier, stronger, and more powerfully built. The extension of tall grass growth that is brought on by the rains must alter the Servals pattern of land tenure and the extension of suitable cover presumably increases the potential range of individuals considerably. Rodent populations generally increase during the rains but are more dispersed. The extension of long grass areas, however, would undoubtedly render large prey more vulnerable to the Serval and there is a greater likelihood of antelopes blundering into an ambush. Such circumstances could offer an incentive to Servals.
There also could be advantages for Servals to form associations which could be better able to handle larger prey. It is thought that there may be a latent sexual cycle in male domestic cats which corresponds to that of the female (Aronson and Cooper, 1966). In the case of the Serval cat there is some evidence from Uganda of biannual phasing of the female cycle which is timed to coincide with the two driest times of the year. This suggests that the Uganda Servals mate while their ideal habitat is most restricted and their range most fragmented. It would be very interesting to learn whether males are any more or less tolerant of one another during the wet season when they may be relatively free of a sexual, and perhaps territorial, role, and whether neighboring males ever form hunting partnerships during the rains. In Kenya, York (1973) found evidence for territories in the form of urine squirts, dung deposits, and scratching on termitaries, rocks, and trees. He described individuals traveling repeatedly over established tracks and routinely turning at the same point.
Sometimes confrontations were suggested by the footprints of two Servals pacing up and down at what appeared to be a territorial boundary and he watched one incident in which a Serval approached a clearing and started calling, whereupon another Serval, a male, was seen to enter the clearing from a different direction, urinate, then scratch at the foot of a low bush. When the animal that had been calling appeared, this male arched its back with its tail up and made threatening calls. The other cat responded to the threats for half a minute but with lowered fore-quarters and when the male approached it moved off with frequent backward glances and growls. The male sniffed the spot where the departed had stood and after scratching the ground defecated and followed the retreating cat. It is interesting that captive Serval cats exhibit a sexual difference in their defecating habits, females using the same place while males drop their dung in an apparently more random way. The habitual spraying of particular posts by male Servals leaves a greasy and powerfully scented deposit and when repeated several times causes green growth to wilt, thus increasing the conspicuousness of the mark.
The postures of Servals are very exaggerated. In aggressive encounters the ears form a flat plate with a characteristic curl to their decorated tips. With heightened intensity, the back is arched and the Serval stands on greatly elongated legs in a laterally presented stance. The dorsal fur bristles, the eyes blaze, and ferocious explosive barks and growls are interspersed with long-reaching slashes of the forepaws. If one cat approaches another with the body half crouched and tense this indicates a readiness to flee. The head may be raised and lowered on the long neck several times before there is a further advance and the eyes remain wide open, the ears pricked and alert. A curious swallowed mew seems to signify friendly recognition and may be followed by an abrupt about turn and a shiver-display of the vertical tail, which is the most conspicuous signal in the Servals repertory. A female betrays the onset of her estrus by a very short, sharp meow which has considerable carrying power and is repeated in bouts. When approached by a male she may purr and raise her chin as she rubs the side of her mouth and cheeks against him or on intervening wire.
When my solitary female was in estrus, she would rub the sides of her cheeks against my knee, hand, or face and salivate copiously out of the corners of her mouth, so that one became quite wet with spit. She also lathered herself with saliva but actually used her long tongue while self-grooming. She would stand with her snowy-white chin raised and then bring it down with a rolling, rubbing movement that smeared saliva up her cheek and on to her head and ears. This downward rub was sometimes correlated with dropping on to her chest but with the hindquarters still raised, approximating to the submissive posture with which a female solicits a male.
More commonly the female stands and, after rubbing the cheek and neck, walks on leaning heavily against the male, a human substitute, an intervening wire, or an inanimate object. As soon as the rump is reached, the vertical tail shivers and vibrates, whereupon she lies down or turns round very sharply to repeat the performance, purring loudly all the while. When a captive female is in estrus and on her own, she intersperses bouts of yowling with interminable pacing and frequent but sparing urine squirting at particular points. The vertical tail is always vibrated when this is done and she may smell or even rub her head on the same spot or may lie and roll displaying the almost incandescent white of her spotted belly in the typical felid submission posture. She may rake her claws down a particular tree trunk. My female used different posts for squirting and raking, but both activities are much more common in males. The observation of a dominant male raking over a spot that had been scented by an intruder betrays the aggressive symbolism of raking and I have occasionally noticed captives turn round after seizing proffered food and rake the ground with both fore and back legs, a reaction that was generally associated with uncertainty or traces of hostility at my own approach. Because solitary animals avoid sharing their food, unfinished meals might elicit displaced aggression so that even the act of raking vegetation over left-leftovers might have originated in aggressive no-sharing impulses.
Like other cats, Servals may lie up on an eminence such as a termitary, usually during the morning, where they can sunbathe for a while before retiring to a concealed retreat. I have found them lying up spots under flattened reeds or tall grass and suspect that Servals may keep circulating, for forms do not show signs of lengthy occupation. The young are reported to be born in a well-hidden retreat in dense vegetation, in a hollow tree, or down a hole and Verheyen (1951) suggested that they leave the shelter earlier than most cats. Gestation lasts 64-78 days and eight records of births from Uganda and eastern Zaire suggest two birth periods during the wet season, one in March-April and the other between September and November. This accords well with data from the estrous periods exhibited by captive females, which reach their peak in the dry periods of December-January and between June and August. Two or three young (range one to five) are born, blind and helpless. Their tail is short and ears relatively short and folded (see drawing) but the growth of the ears is astonishingly rapid. The young attempt to accompany the mother at about three weeks but a captive mother has been seen returning her young to the nest whenever they tried to wander (Boston, personal communication). Up to about three months old, they make a curious chirping noise. If left on their own they hide and freeze at any disturbance and remain absolutely still although following every movement with the eyes.
If reared from infancy they can become handsome pets and are a favorite zoo animal. They will breed in captivity and can live to at least thirteen years. They are probably subject to most feline diseases and a male I kept died after several days of intense irritation of the skin, during which he literally plucked out all his hair. It may have been co-incidental but the condition began two days after having received a bite from an adult Cricetomyt gambianut that he killed and ate. Leopards have been seen to pursue Servals and not infrequently dogs bring them to bay by driving them up a tree, although it is apparently not unknown for a serval to kill a dog. The skin of this species is sometimes sold as a "young leopard" or cheetah and commands a good price in the local skin trade; as a result this cat is no longer found in heavily populated areas.


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React Select

A flexible and beautiful Select Input control for ReactJS with multiselect, autocomplete and ajax support.

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Fresh from high school, Valerka has to make a decision about his career. He cherishes romantic dreams about travelling to far off places, but fails his exam to enter naval college. Thus he goes to work as a stagehand in a theatre but soon he gives up his job and falls in love with his neighbour, Inga, who dreams of the sweat life. After a series of misfortunes, Valerka finally finds out his path in life. He gets a job at the seaport where his father has been working as a docker all his life, and enters correspondence courses at a college.


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The NextBit Robin is now available for pre-orders. The device was unveiled early last month after a successful Kickstarter campaign, and features 32GB of internal storage along with 100GB of cloud based storage. The latter starts to come into play when you are close to capacity with your built-in storage. Once that happens, rarely used apps and data are sent off into the cloud.
The NextBit Robin has an impressive pedigree. Working on its design was Scott Croyle, who once toiled for HTC, and helped design the HTC One (M7) and HTC One (M8), among others. Nextbit CEO Tom Moss was one of the founding board members of Cyanogen, and other NextBit employees are former Googlers who worked on Android.
The NextBit Robin is available in a CDMA version for Sprint and Verizon, and a GSM model for AT&T and T-Mobile. Both will cost you $399, and can be purchased in Mint or Midnight. Shipping costs are listed on the website, and it will cost you $25 to have the phone delivered to the U.S. The website (which you can reach by clicking on the sourcelink) also includes a list of accessories including a Quick Charger ($10). The phone is expected to ship in February.
The device carries a 5.2-inch display with a 1080 x 1920 resolution. The Snapdragon 808 SoC is under the hood, including a hexa-core CPU and the Adreno 418 GPU. 3GB of RAM is inside. A rear-facing 13MP camera is aboard, as is a 5MP front-facing camera for selfies and video chats. Keeping the generators humming is a 2680mAh juicer, with quick charging capabilities.
The NextBit Robin offers front-facing stereo speakers, and a side-mounted fingerprint scanner. It also supports NFC and Global LTE bands (1/2/3/4/5/7/8/12/17/20/28). If you want more than just your head to be in the clouds, take a look at the NextBit Robin.
And the dual-speakers, and way way WAY better-looking design. Not to mention lower price. Shame it's not stock, I couldn't care less about being "cloud-centric." Bring back Google Play Edition for this phone only, Google!
The 5x has the bigger battery and probably better camera though. And I believe the 5x is cheaper overall and has stock android.
$430 5X 32GB vs. $400 Robin 32GB, at least in the US. I'm not counting the 16GB 5X. Don't count out the camera, they said they couldn't have spent more money on the camera if they tried (which I call BS on, because you can ALWAYS spend more money, but even so.) Also, are you really going to argue there is ANY meaningful difference between a 2680mAh battery and a 2700mAh battery? That's less than 1% difference between the two.
Looks like a child's toy. If I'm paying $400 for a phone I don't want it to look like its made from Playskool.
I think it has potential & am considering purchasing one.The guys running the company are all from well know big players so I'm excited for this phone and hope they succeed. It looks sturdy. My issue is non replaceable battery & no expansion slot which I guess they've offset with the accompanying cloud storage. I think it's solid. Five years of phone life sounds good to me.


Brick rancher in Proctorville Ohio has three bedrooms, two full bathrooms, spacious kitchen, hardwood flooring in living room, Hardwood flooring underneath carpet in all three bedrooms, office, and a recently built family room addition. The vacant lot to the right of this home is also included. This home has a flat, fenced backyard, and a detached 2 car garage.


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Unified communications: how one council is making staff more productive
admin 27 March 2012
Gill Hitchcock talks to Argyll and Bute council about the Microsoft Lync 2010 roll out helping save 20 minutes of staff time each day
A unified communications (UC) project in Scotland's second largest local authority area, Argyll and Bute, is helping staff become more productive and opening up the possibility of remote learning for local children.
The project, to introduce Microsoft's Lync 2010 communication and collaboration technology, began in December 2010 as part of the company's Lighthouse programme – a series of software implementation projects led or assisted by the company's consultants.
Argyll and Bute covers almost 9% of Scotland's land area, including 25 inhabited islands, but plays home to fewer than 100,000 residents in total. It was an early adopter site for Lync 2010 and, because it was part of Lighthouse, it paid about £50,000 less for the implementation than it would otherwise have, according to its IT infrastructure services manager, Gerry Wilson.
To date the council has deployed the software to 2,000 users at a cost of £250,000, a figure which excludes the establishment of two new datacentres. The council expects to spend a further £100,000 by the time the project is completed in 2013, mostly covering software licences and hardware for end users, such as headsets.
By then the UC will have been rolled out to 4,000 users in total, including the council's education services staff.
Some 1,000 teachers and around the same number of pupils will be provided with Lync access to enable remote learning. "We have pupils on islands who can be taught from the mainland over Lync," says Wilson. "For example, our Bonjour Tiree project where pupils in [the island of] Tiree are taught French by video link by a teacher in Helensburgh."
Savings resulting from the programme are expected to exceed the £50,000 the council saved from being part of Lighthouse. "Unified communications has helped the council to meet budgetary targets we reduced the number of offices, which has provided savings on maintenance and leasing costs; and the ability to meet virtually led to travel and subsistence costs falling by 5% in the first year," Wilson says.
"With Lync 2010 fully rolled out and our workforce adopting new flexible work styles, we're expecting each user to gain at least 20 minutes more productive time every working day."
Argyll and Bute's geography means there's an average of 50 miles between towns and, before the Lync implementation, staff were spending long periods driving between meetings, making it difficult to make "best use" of the working day.
"We were hoping that this product would help minimise the time spent getting from one office to another and maximise the productive time that we would have," Wilson says.
"And when you consider that we have such a dispersed geography, we have teams who never get to see each other very often, because they work across such a large area, who can now collaborate using the technology to get more in touch and see each other on a daily basis. That is what we hoped to achieve – and that is what we did achieve."
The UC system has been deployed across a number of council teams, including buildings and Wilson's own, enabling staff to work from any council office or from external sites.
"By logging on to a PC, my extension number becomes live and I am available on our network and the system automatically routes all of my communications through to me, no matter where I am.
"Now that may not sound incredibly advanced, but all of the people in my team know where I am and they can see when I am in a meeting, and through Microsoft Presence they can see what I am doing at any one time and I can see where they are as well.
"And, rather than just use a telephone to communicate, I can call up my video camera and we can communicate. It's like a business version of Skype, if you like, but much more secure and manageable."
Wilson admits that broadband and mobile connectivity have been major issues, however. The town of Helensburgh is one of a few places in the region to have the "luxury" of 3G technology, for example.
In 2007 the council began the roll out of the Scottish government's Pathfinder North project to deliver high speed broadband access to all of its sites, in partnership with four other Highlands and Islands local authorities. All its offices and schools now have good broadband access which has laid the foundations for the Lync implementation, according to Wilson.
Pathfinder North did not totally eliminate problems, however. "When you live in and work in a remote area like Argyll and Bute the overall levels of resilience in the national infrastructure is possibly not as great as you could find in the centre of Glasgow or Edinburgh.
"But we cut our cloth accordingly and built in additional resiliency wherever we could. Lync now has a high level of resiliency in each of our main towns.
"We have become accustomed to dealing with the terrible stormy weather of the last year which left islands like Bute without electricity for days. We included resilient break out points in 11 towns around our network and the system can more or less stand alone when these sites are cut off from the centre." he says
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Nuix information governance solutions enable you to make eyes-wide-open decisions and effectively build a governance framework, contain costs, mitigate risks, and ensure compliance. Our solutions give you the power to confidently implement policy, manage risk, prepare for litigation, manage records, and optimise IT and security resources. Shed light on the massive amounts of your unstructured content, minimise your storage or risky and costly data, and act on your information to mitigate issues and protect your critical assets.
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Nuix's advanced digital forensic investigation software enables investigators to collect, triage, process, analyse, review, and report on vast amounts of digital data—all in one platform. Nuix helps streamline a complex and long task, ensuring you solve your investigations much faster. Investigations frequently involve evidence from many diverse devices. Nuix makes it possible to bring critical facts to the surface, giving you the power to analyse all your digital data in one view and find crucial connections and intelligence items. Zero in on the trail faster, catch it before it matters, close cases, and get through your backlog. Scale from bits...
Mike Hughes Q&A: How low-code app platforms are helping local government
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
There was a lot of great music on FM, like KPFK where Mary Katherine Aldin, John Davis, John Delgatto, Howard and Roz Larman and Tom Sauber gave listeners a broad range of folk and folk related music. But I wish to home in on another station, and what they provided to Los Angles music culture.
One of Los Angeles' flagship "alternative music" FM stations was KPPC, broadcast from a church basement in Pasadena. KPPC forced their listeners to be eclectic. Leon Thomas' jazz yodel shared airtime with the Doors. Disk jockeys had "personality" and musical limits or genre boundaries did not exist. A jazz cut might be followed by a folk cut, and then a full side of the newest Albert King LP.
KPPC was a church station founded in 1924 by the Pasadena Presbyterian Church. The original station was on AM radio, and only was authorized to be on the air for 22 hours a week to carry the Sunday services and the Wednesday night prayer meetings. Only the 35th radio license awarded in the USA, it carried just 100 watts of broadcast power, barely covering Pasadena. By the early 1960s, the Church wanted to expand the hours and coverage, but other stations had filled in the remaining AM time allotments. So the Church started KPPC-FM, at 106.7, with the studios and transmitters located in the basement of the church and the antenna on the roof of the newspaper building of the Pasadena Star-News located next door to the church. The FM signal was 5,000 watts, and the Church soon figured out that they did not have the ability to fill all the hours. KPPC as an alternative music station was born. Later, the studios were moved to an office on South Chester, a new mountain top transmitter and an increase to 25,500 watts, which meant a much wider audience of listeners.
Among those involved with KPPC were Tom Donahue, an individual often credited with creating the free form FM format in San Francisco; B. Mitchell Reed, a "reformed" AM DJ who dropped the register and speed of his vocal delivery to fit in the FM mode; Susan Carter aka Outrageous Nevada; Steven Segal aka The Obscene Steven Clean; Jeff Gonzer aka Bonzo Gonzer; program director and DJ Les Carter; Barry Hansen, who created his Dr. Demento persona at KPPC; Ted Alvy aka Cosmos Topper; Sunday late night DJ Elliot Mintz, who chatted with folks like John Lennon or the Manson Family girls; rhythm and blues pioneer Johnny Otis; the Firesign Theater; and The Credibility Gap. Station promos were sung by the a cappella singing group The Persuasions.
This was free form radio at its best. Not every story was funny, not every promotion worked or made sense. The "give-away" antenna boosters made of coat hangers was a good idea, though, since many listeners had to wait for the late night signal to actually hear the station. In my Orange County neighborhood, the signal was fickle, generally fading out or into another station, until late in the evening. That made KPPC that much more mysterious and magical.
One evening I listened as a DJ "accidently" scratched about 8 copies of the new Eric Burdon single, never making it more than 10 seconds into the cut. Mostly, the listener sensed that the folks on the air were having fun.
But the end was near. On my birthday in 1971, October 24, the entire air-staff was fired and replaced overnight with a new line up but with little of the élan of the prior regime. I didn't think this was a good present.
Still, the station had a number of milestones. They were the first true progressive "rock" station in Los Angeles, and the first station in Los Angeles to broadcast a stereo simulcast with a television program, providing the audio for a Leon Russell special on LA PBS station KCET.
Donahue, Reed and Alvy left early on to re-format KMET FM into essentially a more commercial version of KPPC. The Persuasions even sang the station promos, and many of the purged KPPC staff landed there in 1971.
Still, some 37 years after the true demise of KPPC, folks still speak with a smile when discussing the station, the music that was played and the fun that was there. And how many different kinds of music we may appreciate simply because of that "entertainment education."
Dennis Roger Reed is a singer-songwriter, musician and writer based in San Clemente, CA. He's released two solo CDs, and appeared on two CDs with the newgrassy Andy Rau Band and two CDs with the roots rockers Blue Mama. His prose has appeared in a variety of publications such as the OC Weekly and MOJO magazine. Writing about his music has appeared in an eclectic group of publications such as Bass Player, Acoustic Musician, Dirty Linen, Blue Suede News and Sing Out! His oddest folk resume entry would be the period of several months in 2002 when he danced onstage as part of both Little Richard's and Paul Simon's revues. He was actually asked to do the former and condoned by the latter. He apparently knows no shame.


Home Cannabis Mythbusters: Does Marijuana Increase Your Metabolism?
Have any of those weed-induced trains of thought lead you to wonder why marijuana makes you so darn hungry? Thought so. It is pretty remarkable when you think about the amount of food you can fit in your stomach when you're stoned. Two pizzas, a burrito and 17 chocolate chip cookies for dinner? Not sober, no problem.
First things first, let's clear the air in saying that the properties in marijuana itself can not make you fat.
In 2013, the American Journal of Science released a report that noted the low prevalence of obesity in cannabis users despite an abundance of empirical and anecdotal evidence linking stoners to high caloric diets." According to the study, "the most important finding is that current users of marijuana appeared to have better carbohydrate metabolism than nonusers," Murray Mittleman, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and the lead author of the study, told Time. "Their fasting insulin levels were lower, and they appeared to be less resistant to the insulin produced by their body to maintain a normal blood-sugar level.
So far so good, right? Maybe, but even with all of the studies and research out there, it seems that there is still not definitive answer on this serious debate. With a lack of scientific evidence to back up the argument that marijuana in fact does increase your metabolism, we are left to speculating alternative points of view.


Our company, Data Communication Systems Ltd., started its operations in Greece in January 1993 in Athens. The need, of the modern market, of information technology for skilled and experienced scientists to continuously explore the potential use of new technologies, combined with the increasing demands of service, became the cause for the establishment of our company.
Our perfect many-years presence, both domestically and in foreign markets, highlights the high level of cooperation initiated by our company with its partners. And this is because our company believes that the most important factor for a long-standing and productive company is the effectiveness that demonstrates in the professional field.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics
{
    /// <summary>
    /// An event for each declaration in the program (namespace, type, method, field, parameter, etc).
    /// Note that some symbols may have multiple declarations (namespaces, partial types) and may therefore
    /// have multiple events.
    /// </summary>
    internal sealed class SymbolDeclaredCompilationEvent : CompilationEvent
    {
        public SymbolDeclaredCompilationEvent(Compilation compilation, ISymbol symbol) : base(compilation)
        {
            this.Symbol = symbol;
        }
        public SymbolDeclaredCompilationEvent(Compilation compilation, ISymbol symbol, Lazy<SemanticModel> lazySemanticModel) : this(compilation, symbol)
        {
            _lazySemanticModel = lazySemanticModel;
        }
        public ISymbol Symbol { get; private set; }

        // At most one of these should be non-null.
        private Lazy<SemanticModel> _lazySemanticModel;
        private SemanticModel _semanticModel;
        private WeakReference<SemanticModel> _weakModel = null;
        public SemanticModel SemanticModel(SyntaxReference reference)
        {
            lock (this)
            {
                var semanticModel = _semanticModel;
                if (semanticModel == null && _lazySemanticModel != null)
                {
                    _semanticModel = semanticModel = _lazySemanticModel.Value;
                    _lazySemanticModel = null;
                }
                if (semanticModel == null && _weakModel != null)
                {
                    _weakModel.TryGetTarget(out semanticModel);
                }
                if (semanticModel == null || semanticModel.SyntaxTree != reference.SyntaxTree)
                {
                    semanticModel = Compilation.GetSemanticModel(reference.SyntaxTree);
                    _weakModel = new WeakReference<SemanticModel>(semanticModel);
                }

                return semanticModel;
            }
        }
        override public void FlushCache()
        {
            lock (this)
            {
                var semanticModel = _semanticModel;
                _lazySemanticModel = null;
                if (semanticModel == null) return;
                _weakModel = new WeakReference<SemanticModel>(semanticModel);
                _semanticModel = null;
            }
        }
        private static SymbolDisplayFormat s_displayFormat = SymbolDisplayFormat.FullyQualifiedFormat;
        public override string ToString()
        {
            var refs = Symbol.DeclaringSyntaxReferences;
            var name = this.Symbol.Name;
            if (name == "") name = "<empty>";
            var loc = refs.Length != 0 ? " @ " + String.Join(", ", System.Linq.Enumerable.Select(refs, r => r.GetLocation().GetLineSpan())) : null;
            return "SymbolDeclaredCompilationEvent(" + name + " " + this.Symbol.ToDisplayString(SymbolDisplayFormat.MinimallyQualifiedFormat) + loc + ")";
        }
    }
}


text:
School of Economics and Business Administration
2017 Visionary of the Year Award
Priscilla Chan named winner for her work advocating for education and children's health care initiatives.
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Visionary of the Year Award
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The School of Economics and Business Administration at Saint Mary's College of California founded the Visionary of the Year Award in partnership with the San Francisco Chronicle.
Visionary leaders are paradigm changers -- individuals who strive to make the world a better place by employing new, innovative business models and practices. As the world faces an increasing number of widespread social and economic challenges, visionary leaders understand the broad impact of the business community and recognize its potential to drive great change.
As part of the Visionary of the Year campaign, SEBA offers a scholarship to an incoming graduate student who exemplifies the entrepreneurial spirit of the Visionary of the Year Award and its winner.
The 2017 Award
Priscilla Chan, winner of the 2017 Visionary of the Year Award, is Founder & CEO of The Primary School and Co-Founder of Chan Zuckerberg Initiative. Read about all the 2017 Visionary the Year nominees.
The third Visionary of the Year scholarship was awarded to Hamid Farhad.
New this year: The San Francisco Chronicle's editorial page editor, John Diaz, brought a panel of select nominees to Saint Mary's College on April 27th to discuss how innovative leaders can inspire and create positive social change. Watch the video below.
Chase Adam, winner of the 2016 Visionary of the Year award, is creator of Watsi, a San Francisco-based crowdfunded medical care platform for impoverished people in developing countries around the world. Read about the 2016 event and view the photo gallery.
The second Visionary of the Year scholarship was awarded to Blake Cairney.
Evan Marwell, winner of the 2015 Visionary of the Year award, is founder of Education Superhighway, which aims to upgrade internet access in the nation's public school classrooms. Read about the 2015 event and view the photo gallery.
The first Visionary of the Year scholarship was awarded to Anita Engles.
The Vision Behind #VisionSF
Graduate Business Information Session (ALL Programs, ONLINE Webinar)
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Grow Taps SEBA Professor Michal Strahilevitz on Ways to Prevent Impulse Shopping
The financial wellness website Grow, a partner with business news outlet CNBC and the financial literacy app Acorns, features insights from...
Houston Public Media, Multiple News Outlets Feature Insights From SEBA's Marco Aponte-Moreno on Venezuela Crisis
Several news outlets across the nation, including Houston Public Media, The Conversation, and locally KCBS News Radio, have featured...
Accounting Student Wins City National Bank Scholarship
Ana Chena Davila is a senior at Saint Mary's College, majoring in Accounting with a minor in French. She will graduate in May of 2019. In...
GlobePost Features OpEd On Venezuela Crisis By SEBA's Marco Aponte-Moreno
The news analysis website The Globe Post features an opinion piece on the political crisis in Venezuela and the possible future of the...
Last updated by Mary Gleason on October 10, 2018
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All bottom carton stapler wholesalers & bottom carton stapler manufacturers come from members. We doesn't provide bottom carton stapler products or service, please contact them directly and verify their companies info carefully.
DZX series carton stapler, through technical improvement, is designed to speed long rods; never wear bottom membrane; it is essential & special equipment of carton and paper box manufacturers.


Our firm's mission is to help people and fight injustice. We recognize our mission is lofty and we passionately welcome the challenge. At Paul Knopf Bigger, our attorneys, paralegals and support staff all know and understand that we function better as a team than we do individually. Each team member is committed to our core principles: commitment, excellence, personal service, and a passionate pursuit of justice.
BIG FIRM RESOURCES WITH SMALL FIRM SERVICE.
Victims of serious injuries and wrongful deaths benefit from a legal team with experience, resources and a passion to right wrongs. Our team is united around three values: commitment, hard work and a passion for justice. At Paul Knopf Bigger, clients are never just a number and are always at the center of each and every decision we make. Our team has a proven track record of successfully litigating and winning cases against the largest companies in the world. We have gained the the trust of lawyers around the country as a trustworthy partner.
TO HELP CLIENTS PUT THEIR LIVES BACK ON TRACK.


text:
Palestine Pulse
Palestinian Authority gearing up for unrest amid financial crisis
READ IN: العربية
Ahmad Abu Amer May 31, 2019
Israel has approved the transfer of light armored military vehicles to the West Bank amid fears of the Palestinian Authority's economic collapse.
REUTERS/Mussa Qawasma
Members of Palestinian security forces disperse a Hamas demonstration in Hebron in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Dec. 14, 2018.
GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip — Israel has approved the transfer of 10 US-made light armored military vehicles from Jordan to the Palestinian security services on the West Bank. Green-lighted on May 21, the move follows warnings by Israeli security forces to Israeli politicians in April and May of the pending economic collapse of the Palestinian Authority (PA) and the deterioration of security coordination between Israel and the PA due to the worsening financial situation on the West Bank. Both the PA and Israel are worried that Palestinians might take to the streets in protest over the current status quo and at a time when the Palestinian security services lack military vehicles and equipment to adequately respond to potential turmoil.
The simmering financial and economic crisis stems from decreasing foreign grants and the cessation of US aid to the Palestinians under the Donald Trump administration. In addition, the PA has been refusing to accept taxes collected on its behalf by Israel since Feb. 19, after Israel unilaterally decided to deduct a portion equivalent to funds earmarked for Palestinian prisoners accused of terrorism and the families of those killed while involved in activities against the occupation. The amount for 2018 totaled 502 million shekels ($138 million).
Israel fears that in the coming months, the PA will be unable to meet its financial obligations and that this could lead it to slash employees' salaries by up to 30%. Such a situation could subsequently ignite the West Bank, resulting in confrontations between Palestinians and the Israeli army. Already, in March, the PA slashed salaries, including for security personnel, by half.
A cascading of events would derail the US and Israeli goal of maintaining calm in the Palestinian territories with the hope of furthering the Trump administration's anticipated peace plan. Israel hopes the delivery of the armored vehicles will entice Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas to accept the tax funds Israel holds ready for transfer.
Hafez al-Rifai, director of public relations and information for the Palestinian National Security Forces, told Al-Monitor, "The introduction of armored vehicles followed US pressure on the Israeli government. Israel had objected to the introduction of such vehicles for more than six years, insisting on their remaining in Jordan."
Rifai explained that Israel has for many years blocked certain equipment destined for Palestinian security forces, such as bulletproof shields, automatic rifles and ammunition and military vehicles, and that this has affected the work of the forces. Of note, fierce armed clashes erupted in Hebron on May 15 between two large families, and it was only after the armored vehicles arrived that the security forces were able to contain the confrontations.
Israel had similarly agreed to the dispatch of military vehicles at the end of 2016, over concern of possible unrest that might draw in the Israeli army after the breakdown of negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships. The vehicles were also intended for use in the wake of clashes between PA security forces and armed groups in the northern West Bank.
PA spokesman Ibrahim Melhem told Al-Monitor that the Palestinian government is currently relying on local taxes and grants from the United Arab Emirates to sustain itself. He stressed that contrary to the hopes of the Trump administration, the PA will not be making any political concessions, and contrary to Israeli wishes, the PA will not be making any financial concessions. Qatar has recently stepped forward to offer aid for the West Bank, after previously lending economic support to Gaza.
Both the Palestinians and Israelis fear that an inability on the PA's part to maintain security could benefit Hamas and lead to its possibly taking control of the West Bank, along the lines of what transpired in Gaza in 2007. This also influenced the Israeli decision to approve the transfer of armored vehicles from Jordan.
Yahya Mousa, head of the Palestinian Legislative Council's Oversight Committee in Gaza and deputy head of Hamas' parliamentary bloc, told Al-Monitor, "We were not surprised by Israel's decision to allow the transfer of these vehicles. After all, the PA works to thwart any armed Palestinian action against Israel and it coordinates with Israel in this regard."
Former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eizenkot had warned on May 16, "Security coordination benefits both Israel and the PA. Without security coordination, there will be a great deal of friction both in the West Bank and Israel." He said Israel's security situation would deteriorate by the day if the PA were to withdraw from security coordination.
Nonetheless, the introduction of armored vehicles could ultimately prove to be futile as long as there is no solution to the financial crisis jeopardizing the PA.
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Found in: economic stagnation, financial assistance, trump administration, security cooperation, palestinian authority
Ahmad Abu Amer is a Palestinian writer and journalist who has worked for a number of local and international media outlets. He is co-author of a book on the Gaza blockade for the Turkish Anadolu Agency. He holds a master's degree from the Islamic University of Gaza.
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text:
Incarceration rates rose to unprecedented levels in the history of the U.S.'s imprisonment. Therefore, concern about social control of the incarcerated, that is, prisoners' behavior, has increased. High inmate disciplinary infractions, especially violent infractions, are a threat to the safety of prison, of correctional staff, and of other inmates. Nevertheless, the issue of discipline in prison is important from an economic perspective, because an estimated average cost per infraction at a medium security prison is $970 (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). For these reasons, Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando conducted a research to help explain violent incidents, incidents against correctional staff and incidents against other inmates in prison. Identifying the risk factors of inmates to commit violent acts of misconduct is of great importance to prison administration. This type of research can assist in the classification process of inmates entering institutions as well as the ongoing classification adjustments of inmates already in custody.
This study will identify and investigate factors for violent institutional misconduct. These factors include; however, are not limited to race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender. The hypotheses of this study are:
1. Violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic group. 2. Inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, especially towards correctional staff.
Several studies were conducted to examine the role of race in inmate adjustment process and prison misconduct, especially prison violence. There were indications that there is a direct relationship between race and violent prison misconduct. Those findings support theories such as prison adjustment and subculture of violence, which say that minority groups have
higher rates of violence in prison society than white inmates (DeLisi et al., 2004; Griffin & Hepburn, 2006; Gillespie, W., 2005; Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002; Steiner & Wooldredge, 2009). According to Wayne Gillespie (2005), Caucasian inmates appear less likely to engage in most types of misconduct compared to African American and Hispanic inmates. Blacks are more likely than Whites to evoke protective violent responses to perceived dangerous situations or threats of physical injury by aggressive, violent behavior aimed at protecting self or preventing retaliation (Gillespie, W., 2005).
Age and prison violence had an inverse relationship. The older inmates were, the less likely they were to be involved in violent prison misconduct. Younger inmates were significantly more likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This relationship was widespread throughout all the studies (Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Griffin & Hepburn, 2006; Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2005; Ruddell et al., 2006; Sorensen & Cunningham, 2008).
Research shows an inverse relationship between level of education and rates of prison misconduct. As level of education increased, involvement in violent prison misconduct decreased (Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Wooldredge et al., 2001). As stated by Wooldredge, Griffin, and Pratt (2001), inmates who were employed prior to incarceration were less likely to be involved in violent prison misconduct. This group was more invested in conforming because they had more to lose. Inmates who worked prior incarceration were more likely than other inmates to be concerned with going home and continuing employment.
Social and family support was inversely related to violent prison misconduct
(Cunningham & Sorensen, 2007; DeLisi et al., 2004; Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2005; Wooldredge et al., 2001). Inmates with less social and familial support committed significantly more acts of serious prison violence (DeLisi et al., 2004). Moreover, inmates who made and received more telephone calls from children were less likely to commit violent rule violations (Jiang, Fisher-Giorlando & Mo, 2005).
According to Jiang and colleagues (2005) inmates with strong family ties had more to lose if they were involved in violent prison misconduct. Sources of family support included mail, telephone calls, and visitations. Rule violations could result in loss of visiting privileges, which is a strong source of strengthening family ties.
Length of Sentence
The relationship between length of current sentence that inmates are serving and violent prison misconduct is debatable. Inmates with shorter sentences were more likely to commit violent acts. Short term sentenced inmates were usually younger and they still possessed a street mentality. Inmates with longer sentences were usually older and appeared to better understand the need to co-exist with other inmates as well as correctional staff (Wooldredge et al., 2001).
Several studies showed that security level is a predictor of rule violation (Camp et al., 2003; Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002; Steiner & Wooldredge, 2008). To be more specific, inmates residing in working cell-blocks and dormitories are less likely than are those in lock-down cell-blocks to commit violence and incidents against correctional staff (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). Prison Environment
Prison environment exerts an influence on inmate misconduct, especially interpersonal violence (Blackburn et al., 2007; Camp et al., 2003; Steiner & Wooldredge, 2008). Research conducted by Camp et al., (2003) indicated that
prison's organizational factors influenced inmates' behavior that led to violent misconduct. Furthermore, institutions with inexperienced staff had greater report numbers of inmate misconduct. Moreover, prison crowding, as one of the ecological factors, influenced inmate behavior because it produces intermediate psychological states, such as depression that then lead to misconduct (Camp et al., 2003). Gender
Previous studies showed that gender was inversely related to violent prison misconduct (Blackburn et al., 2007; Camp et al., 2003; Wolff et al., 2009). Male inmates reported higher percentage of physical victimization perpetrated by staff, although percentage of inmate on inmate physical victimization was equal for male and female inmates (Wolff et al., 2009). This suggests gender-patterned interactions between inmate and staff in which male inmates compared to female inmates are more aggressive against authority figures. In summary, what is known from the literature reviewed is that some factors might influence inmates' behavior. What is missing is the correlation between those factors and prison violent misconduct, which is addressed by my study. Key variables identified in the reviewed literature are race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level and prison environment, which are incorporated into the study's methodology as survey and focus group questions. Theoretical Review
To explain inmate behavior in prison three major theoretical models have been proposed. They are the deprivation, importation, and situational models. A true explanation of violent inmate misconduct lies in a combination of those three theories. However, the importation model can be use as the most legitimate singular explanation of violent prison misconduct. The main focus of an importation model is on the influence of pre- prison socialization and experience of the inmate on his/her behavior while being incarcerated (Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando, 2002). According to Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando (2002) inmates' behavior can be largely determine by their distinctive traits and social backgrounds. The importation model is a reflection of a pre- prison norms and beliefs system of an inmate rather than a result of incarceration in a facility (Irvin &
Cressey, 1962; as cited in Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). As importation model implies inmate behavior while being behind the bars is an extension of the antisocial behaviors that criminal offenders developed in the community (DeLisi et al., 2004).
The research design that I used was the analysis of an existing database. I downloaded and analyzed an existing data source from the National Archives of Criminal Justice Data, which can be found at www.ICPSR.org. The data source that I downloaded and analyzed has number 24642 and the title of it is Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities. The principle investigator of this study is United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and the time period is January 1st, 2005 to December 30th, 2005. I chose this dataset because it contains the information needed to do my study on prison violence misconduct.
The 2005 Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities is the seventh enumeration of State institutions and the fourth of Federal institutions sponsored by the Bureau of Justice Statistics and its predecessors. Earlier censuses were completed in 1974, 1979, 1984, 1990, 1995 and 2000. The facility universe was developed from the Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities conducted in 2000. In 2000, data were collected from 84 federal facilities and 1,584 non-federal facilities operating on June 30th, 2000. In 2005, each State's Department of Corrections was contacted to identify new facilities and facilities that had been closed since June 2000. Telephone follow-ups were carried out during 2006. All but one respondent-State of Illinois- participated in the Census.My study determines if in a time period between January 1st, 2005 and December 30th, 2005, the correctional facilities used in existing dataset 24642 experienced physical or sexual assaults, misconduct against correctional staff and misconduct against other inmates. The response options for dependent variables have values such as: 1 which is label Yes, 2 which is label No, and 9 or 999 which is label Missing.
This study aims to determine if independent variables such as race, age, education and employment, family ties, length of sentence, security level, prison environment and gender have a strong correlation with the dependent variables. Data Analysis
For my analyses, I used SPSS Statistics program in version 18.0. I ran frequencies and descriptive tests on both dependent and independent variables. Moreover, I ran ANOVA and t-test to test how facility security levels and race/ethnicity of the inmates impact or don't the amount of violence.
Table 1: Age of the inmates residing in the facilities during the 1- year period of 2005 (Independent Variable).
|Descriptive Statistics | | | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid |Yes |475 |26.1 |28.6 |
As seen in Table 2, during the 1-year period of 2005, 28.6 percent of facilities indicated that yes, there were physical or sexual assaults. The other 71.4 percent indicated that there were no physical or sexual assaults. As seen below in Table 3, during the same year period there was an average of just under 16 inmate-on-inmate assaults at facilities. I also ran a frequency table of staff deaths by inmates, but there were very few.
Table 3: During the 1- year period of 2005 how many inmate on inmates assaults
(Dependent Variable).
| | | | | |N |Minimum |Maximum |Mean | |
| | | | | |Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 AND 12/30/2005 WERE THERE PHYSICAL OR SEXUAL ASSAULTS |
The results in the above tables test my hypothesis about how facility security levels impact (or don't) the amount of violence, using three different measures of the dependent variable: physical or sexual assaults; inmate deaths; and inmate-on-inmate assaults. I ran three ANOVA (analysis of variance) tests, and the results are shown above. Only the ANOVA tests for Y1 and Y3 were statistically significant. There was no difference by security level in the number of staff deaths by inmates, probably because those were low to begin with. However, in terms of physical and sexual assaults (Y1), these were highest at minimum and low-security facilities (mean =1.91). In terms of inmate-on-inmate assaults, these were highest Maximum/close/high facilities, with an average of nearly 34 assaults by inmates on other inmates in 2005. Table 7: Type of Violence by Race/Ethnicity
| | |Y1_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 |Y3_BETWEEN 1/1/2005 | | | |AND 12/30/2005 WERE |AND 12/30/2005 HOW | | | |THERE PHYSICAL OR |MANY INMATE ON | | | |SEXUAL ASSAULTS |INMATES ASSAULTS | |X1_race_white |Pearson Correlation |-.391(**) |.341(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | | |N |1631 |1665 | |X1_race_black |Pearson Correlation |-.453(**) |.392(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | | |N |1625 |1657 | |X1_race_ethnicity_Hispanic |Pearson Correlation |-.290(**) |.202(**) | | |Sig. (2-tailed) |.000 |.000 | |
|N |1450 |1479 |
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
As seen above in Table 7, both White and Black race, as well as Hispanic ethnicity, were statistically significantly related to dependent variables Y1 and Y3. Y2 is not shown in the table format because neither race nor ethnicity was related to staff deaths by inmates. Again, this may be due to the small number of staff deaths. An odd pattern emerges: Y1 (number of physical and sexual assaults) was significantly and negatively related to all three race/ethnicity variables. On the other hand, Y3 (number of inmate-on-inmate assaults) was positively and significantly related to all three race/ethnicity variables. The reasons for this are not clear, but may have something to do with the meaning of the questions asked for Y1 and Y3. As for the size of the correlation coefficient, it is the highest for Blacks (r= -.453 and .392), next highest for Whites (r= -.391 and .341), and lowest for Hispanics (r= -.29 and .202).
To return to my first original hypothesis that violent prison misconduct is more prevalent among African-American and Hispanic inmates than Caucasians or any other ethnic group
I have to say that my findings only partially support that statement. According to my results violence among or by African- American inmates appears to be the highest, and is followed by violence among or by White inmates. However, violence by or among Hispanic inmates is the lowest comparing it to violence among or by other races. Moreover, my findings on the impact of security level of facility on prison violence were not exactly what I expected because they differ depending on a type of an assault. Therefore, they partially support my second hypothesis that inmates who are residing in maximum-security facilities are more violent than inmates residing in medium or minimum-security facilities, especially towards
correctional staff. I found that counter to what I expected, super-maximum facilities are not the most dangerous correctional institutions but they have the highest inmate on inmate number of assaults.
Findings from this study about how race impact prison violence partially support what I have found previously in the literature review. According to Wayne Gillespie (2005) and my findings White inmates less likely engage in most types of misconduct compared to African-American inmates but not Hispanic inmates. However, my results on the impact of security level of facility and prison violence are interesting because they do support the findings mentioned in the literature review. All the findings suggest that security level does affect the amount of in-facility violence, but that differs by the type of violence.
Limitation of the Study
While conducting my research by using existing database I had to face a few problems with it. First of all, the database I found had a lot of variables, which had a value that was missing. Second of all, when I ran the tests such as descriptive or frequencies it was hard to describe the results because they were confusing. I wasn't sure in some cases if the results showed me the number of inmates or the number of facilities. I tried to go back and find the answers in the codebook, which didn't really contain much more information than the database. Moreover, the meaning of the questions that were asked, especially for dependent variables, wasn't clear and I believe it impacted somehow the results of the tests I ran.
Blackburn, A. G., Mullings, J. L., Marquart, J. W., & Trulson, C. R. (2007). The next generation of prisoners: Toward an understanding of violent institutionalized delinquents. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 5(1), 35-56. Document ID: 1541204006295156. Camp, S. D., Gaes, G. G., Langan, N. P., & Saylor, W. G. (2003). The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation. Justice Quarterly, JQ, 20(3), 501-533. Document ID: 434413761. Cunningham, M. D., & Sorensen, J. R. (2007). Predictive
factors for violent misconduct in close custody. The Prison Journal, 87(2), 241-253. Document ID: 0032885507303752. DeLisi, M., Berg, M. T., & Hochstetler, A. (2004). Gang members, career criminals and prison violence: Further specification of the importation model of inmate behavior. Criminal Justice Studies, 17(4), 369-383. Document ID: 10.1080/1478601042000314883. Gillespie Wayne, (2005). Racial differences in violence and self-esteem among prison inmates. American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ, 29(2), 161-V. Document ID: 972985931. Griffin, M. L., & Hepburn, J. R. (2006). The effects of gang affiliation on violent misconduct among inmates during the early years of confinement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(4), 419-448. Document ID: 0093854806288038.
Irvin, J., & Cressey, D. (1962). Thieves, convicts, and the inmate culture. Social Problems, 10, 142-155.
Jiang, S., & Fisher-Giorlando, M. (2002). Inmate misconduct: A test of the deprivation, importation, and situational models. The Prison Journal, 82(3), 335-358. Document ID: 003288550208200303. Jiang, S., Fisher-Giorlando, M., & Mo, L. (2005). Social support and inmate rule violation: A multilevel analysis. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 30(1), 71-89. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com Ruddell, R., Decker, S. H., & Egley Jr., A. (2006). Gang intervention in jails: A national analysis. Criminal Justice Review, 31(1), 33-46. Document ID: 0734016806288263. Sorensen, J., & Cunningham, M.D. (2008). Conviction offense and prison violence: A comparative study of murderers and other offenders. Crime and Delinquency, 56(1), 103-125. Document ID: 0011128707307175. Steiner, B., & Wooldredge, J. (2008). Inmate versus environmental effects on prison rule violations. Criminal Justice and Behavioral, 35(4), 438. Document ID: 1455568521. Wolff, N., Shi, J., & Siegel, J. (2009). Patterns of victimization among male and female inmates: Evidence of an Enduring Legacy. Violence and Victims, 24(4), 469-84. Document ID: 1825737261. Wooldredge, J., Griffin, T., & Pratt, T. (2001). Considering hierarchical models for research on inmate behavior: Predicting misconduct with multilevel data. Justice Quarterly, 18(1), 203-231. Retrieved from http:// proquest.umi.com
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Much-needed redesign initiative continues for...
Much-needed redesign initiative continues for MySpace
17 June 2008 min read
The ongoing battle for social networking supremacy is set to heat up, following the announcement of a significant MySpace redesign. The news of the redesigned elements comes just as the blogosphere has been reporting on Facebook matching MySpaces monthly visitor numbers (see graph below for details).
MySpace today announced the launch of a series of high profile user interface changes that include the site's home page, navigation, profile editing, search, and MySpaceTV player. MySpace are hoping that oday's announcement – part of a year-long company initiative to redesign and rethink the core functionality of the site – will empower the site's global community to more intuitively navigate throughout the site and better communicate with their family and friends around the world.
A year ago we set out on a path to rethink the way people interact with the fundamental features of MySpace, said Tom Anderson, president and co-founder of MySpace. This is just the beginning – by the early autumn we expect to reveal an entirely new and remixed MySpace that provides more a more intuitive, customizable, and private experience.
The global redesign will roll out throughout the week and features changes based on results from multiple in-home usability studies, online surveys, impromptu testing, focus groups, and user's messages and comments sent to Tom's profile.
Splash Page Re-launch:
For the first time in site history, MySpace is redesigning and re-launching the site's splash page. As the entry point for the site's global users, the splash page is the gateway to the site and offers advertisers a major opportunity to connect with the diverse MySpace audience. On Wednesday, June 19 users in the United States will see a branded splash page takeover sponsored by a major advertiser and on Thursday, June 20 users will see the entire new look and feel which features a more intuitive and simplified log-in. Additionally, the new splash page features a larger creative palette for advertisers, allowing for a flexible platform to put a large percentage of the page into a brand – an unparalleled opportunity for brands to engage users at the gateway to their MySpace experience.
New Navigation:
Also on June 19, MySpace will unroll new site navigation sparked by user demand for easier access to key communication tools on the site such as mail and core viral community features such as music and MySpaceTV. The redesign provides a consistent and easy way to get from one place to any other place on MySpace and contains a drop-down menu housing additional functionality including Karaoke, Games, and Celebrity.
Profile Editor:
The new profile editor will unveil a host of new personalization options for users making it easy for the community to customize profiles through a selection of styles and granularly detail their sections from a theme library offering color, borders, and images to choose from. Users with more advanced coding skills will still be able to fully customize profiles using HTML coding. The unveil of the profile editor comes on the heels of recent profile enhancements including the recent launch of photo albums, photo editing, friend updates, status launch, page theming, and MySpace messaging with new search and sort.
On June 17 MySpace will roll out drastically overhauled searching capabilities with a consistent, clean user interface. MySpace is working with Lucene Open-Source engine and community to enhance search capabilities, marking the first time MySpace has contributed to the Open-Source community. Search will have improved filtering by location and added relevancy to search algorithms. Search results will be tabbed, with five tabs based on the top five search categories; People, MySpace site searches, Web searches, Music and MySpaceTV. With almost 20 billion searches on MySpace this year, MySpace is ranked third in total number of searches by any site.
MySpaceTV Player:
Built internally, the MySpaceTV player has been redesigned for an incredibly rich user experience and will roll globally to the community on June 18. The new player includes scrubber, time-stamps, volume memory, and new menu systems which encourage the user to share and interact with content – and search within the player. The player fully utilizes Flash 9, with a true full-screen mode, and it supports HD. The new player offers a more flexible advertising platform with multiple formats (pre, post, ticker, companion banners) and advertising providers. The global launch will include international, language specific players (e.g. Japan) and will initially be released on all of MySpaceTV, with embedded videos to roll out iteratively.
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Q: Collect all names in a column and put them in an Array in Excel I have an excel worksheet with a table of data. One column of the table contains the names of companies. For example, "Apple", "Microsoft", "Asus". The column may contain duplicate company names.
How can I populate an array in VBA which contains the distinct members of this column?

A: You can use a vba collection which does not allow duplicates for the same key:
Option Explicit

Sub UniqueList()
  Dim i As Long
  Dim rList As Range
  Dim cUnique As New Collection
  Dim aFinal() As String

  'change the range depending on the size of your title (or use a named range)
  Set rList = Range("A1:M1")

  'Loop over every column and add the value to the collection (with unique key)
  For i = 1 To rList.Columns.Count
      On Error Resume Next
      cUnique.Add rList(1, i), CStr(rList(1, i))
  Next i

  'Store back the value from the collection to an array
  ReDim aFinal(1 To cUnique.Count, 1 To 1)
  For i = 1 To cUnique.Count
      aFinal(i, 1) = cUnique(i)
  Next i

  'Use aFinal to do whatever you want
End Sub

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