text:
\section{Preliminaries}

Thorium-229 is extraordinary among nuclei in that it possesses an isomer state $^{229m}$Th{} lying within several eV of its ground state $^{229g}$Th{}.
The anomalously small nuclear excitation frequency is predicted to be within range of modern lasers, opening the door to a number of scientific possibilities. Proposed clocks based on this transition hold promise for unprecedented metrological performance, as the compact nuclear charge distribution (relative to the electron cloud in an atom) renders the ultra-narrow transition frequency largely insusceptible to environmental influences \cite{PeiTam03,CamSteChu09,RelDeMGre10,CamRadKuz12,KazLitRom12}.
Moreover, such a nuclear clock could be a valuable instrument for testing stability of fundamental constants, including the fine structure constant $\alpha$, as the ``accidental'' near-degeneracy of the two nuclear states (relative to typical nuclear energy scales) renders the transition frequency highly-sensitive to fundamental constant variation \cite{Fla06}.
Further still, it has been suggested that this transition could be used to realize a novel nuclear-based laser \cite{Tka11}.

Presently, the nuclear excitation energy $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ has only been determined indirectly through differencing schemes, using
$\gamma$-radiation observed following $\alpha$-decay of $^{233}$U into $^{229}$Th.
More than two decades ago, Reich and Helmer \cite{ReiHel90,HelRei94} deduced the result $-1\pm4$ eV, following this a few years later with the refined value $3.5\pm1$ eV.
After another decade, Barci {\it et al.}~\cite{BarArdBar03} and Guimar\~{a}es-Filho and Helene \cite{GuiHel05} reported the results $3.4\pm1.8$ eV and $5.5\pm1$ eV, respectively.
Finally, Beck~{\it et al.}~\cite{BecBecBei07,BecWuBei10} presented the result $7.6\pm0.5$ eV, which they later modified slightly to $7.8\pm0.5$ eV.
While the most recent value of Beck {\it et al.}~is now largely accepted by the community, the large discrepancy with earlier results is not well-understood.
In a critique of the above works, however, Sakharov \cite{Sak10} suggested that the literature values suffer from systematic errors and underestimated uncertainties, further clouding precise knowledge of $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$.
New, independent means of determining $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ could prove invaluable for efforts towards
laser-excitation of the nucleus
\cite{CamSteChu09,CamRadKuz11,RelDeMGre10,HehGreRel13}, either by providing improved results or through corroboration or dismissal of existing literature values.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{ladders.eps}
\caption{(color online) Energy levels of $^{229}$Th$^{3+}$, including nuclear and electronic excitations. Solid-black and red-dashed lines distinguish levels associated with the ground and isomer nuclear states, $^{229g}$Th{} ($I^\pi\!=\!\frac{5}{2}^+$) and $^{229m}$Th{} ($I^\pi\!=\!\frac{3}{2}^+$), respectively. Hyperfine manifolds of the ground fine structure doublet are magnified, with sub-levels labeled according to total angular momentum $F$, where $|I\!-\!J|\leq F\leq I\!+\!J$. Hyperfine mixing between like-parity states has small but observable effects on these hyperfine manifolds, with the magnitude of mixing being dependent on level separation (e.g., $\Delta_\mathrm{fs}$ and $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$). For the purpose of illustration, a nuclear excitation energy of $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}=7.8$ eV is assumed here.
}
\label{Fig:ladder}
\end{figure}

In this paper we identify a potential means to extract $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ from precision microwave spectroscopy of the $5F_{5/2,7/2}$ hyperfine manifolds in the ion $^{229g}$Th$^{3+}${} (see Fig.~\ref{Fig:ladder}). The proposed method further relies on capabilities of state-of-the-art atomic structure calculations for this system~\cite{SafSafRad13} as well as knowledge of the $^{229m}$Th{}\,$\rightarrow$\,$^{229g}$Th{} magnetic dipole nuclear decay rate~\cite{ZhaEscNat12}. Campbell {\it et al.}~\cite{CamRadKuz11} have demonstrated laser cooling of $^{229g}$Th$^{3+}${} within a linear Paul trap and, furthermore, spectroscopically resolved $5F_{5/2,7/2}$ and $6D_{3/2,5/2}$ hyperfine sub-levels. Their measurement precision was sufficient to deduce hyperfine constants $A$ and $B$ for all four states, though the optical spectroscopy employed ($5F_{5/2,7/2}\rightarrow 6D_{3/2,5/2}$) did not fully benefit from the long-lived nature of the $5F_{5/2,7/2}$ states, which makes the hyperfine intervals of these two states amenable to very high-precision microwave spectroscopy. In Ref.~\cite{SafSafRad13}, it is argued that such measurements would not only be capable of yielding much-improved $A$ and $B$ constants, but also of revealing additional constants in the hierarchy of hyperfine constants.
In principle, five constants are required to fully characterize the five intervals in each hyperfine manifold (refer to Fig.~\ref{Fig:ladder}).

The hyperfine interaction accounts for electromagnetic coupling of atomic electrons with the nucleus, beyond that of the dominant electric monopole (Coulomb) interaction.
Decomposed into multipolar contributions, the hyperfine interaction reads $V_\mathrm{hfi}=\sum_k{\mathcal{M}^{(k)}\cdot\mathcal{T}^{(k)}}$, where $\mathcal{M}^{(k)}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{(k)}$ are rank-$k$ operators acting in the nuclear and electronic subspaces, respectively, and the intervening dot signifies a scalar product. Expressions for $\mathcal{M}^{(k)}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{(k)}$ may be found, for example, in Refs.~\cite{Sch55,Joh07,BelDerJoh08,PorFla10}. The summation runs over positive integers $k$, with terms ascending in $k$ describing magnetic dipole ($M1$), electric quadrupole ($E2$), magnetic octupole ($M3$), electric hexadecapole ($E4$), etc., multipolar interactions. Hyperfine constants $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$, etc., quantify the effect of the respective interactions to first order.
Following conventional definitions \cite{Sch55,BelDerJoh08}, hyperfine constants of the $5F_{5/2,7/2}$ states in $^{229g}$Th$^{3+}${} read
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
A_{5/2}\equiv
\frac{2}{105}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow};
\qquad
A_{7/2}\equiv
\frac{1}{21\sqrt{15}}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\uparrow\uparrow},
\\
B_{5/2}\equiv
\frac{5}{21}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow};
\qquad
B_{7/2}\equiv
\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\uparrow\uparrow},
\\
C_{5/2}\equiv
\frac{5}{252}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow};
\qquad
C_{7/2}\equiv
\frac{1}{12}\sqrt{\frac{5}{66}}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(3)}_{\uparrow\uparrow},
\\
D_{5/2}\equiv
\frac{1}{252}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow};
\qquad
D_{7/2}\equiv
\frac{1}{36\sqrt{22}}\,
\mathcal{M}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\uparrow\uparrow},
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:ABCD}
\end{equation}
with
$\mathcal{M}^{(k)}_{ij}\equiv\langle i||\mathcal{M}^{(k)}||j\rangle$
and
$\mathcal{T}^{(k)}_{ij}\equiv\langle i||\mathcal{T}^{(k)}||j\rangle$
being reduced matrix elements and where the associations ${\downarrow,\!\uparrow}={^{229g,m}\mathrm{Th}}$ and ${\downarrow,\!\uparrow}=5F_{5/2,7/2}$ are introduced for the two subspaces. Diagonal nuclear matrix elements appearing here are proportional to
magnetic dipole $\mu\propto\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$, electric quadrupole $Q\propto\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$, magnetic octupole $\Omega\propto\mathcal{M}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$, and electric hexadecapole $\Pi\propto\mathcal{M}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$
moments of the $^{229g}$Th{} nucleus.

In principle, hyperfine constants may be determined spectroscopically by taking appropriate linear combinations of measured hyperfine energy intervals.
However, spectroscopy does not differentiate between first order effects of the hyperfine interaction and all higher order effects, and for high precision measurements it becomes necessary to distinguish {\it spectroscopic}, or ``uncorrected,'' hyperfine constants from lowest order, or ``corrected,'' hyperfine constants.
While this distinction is only relevant at the ppm level for $A$ and $B$ constants, it becomes essential for the $C$ and $D$ constants, as second order $M1$-$M1$, $M1$-$E2$, or $E2$-$E2$ shifts to hyperfine sub-levels may be comparable to the first order $M3$ or $E4$ shifts.
In the remainder, a tilde is used to distinguish spectroscopic hyperfine constants $\widetilde{A}$, $\widetilde{B}$, $\widetilde{C}$, and $\widetilde{D}$, as determined from the hyperfine intervals,
from their lowest order counterparts, given by Eq.~(\ref{Eq:ABCD}).

We illustrate the influence of higher order effects by initially focusing on the $\widetilde{D}$ constants, writing each as the sum of the three terms
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{D}_J=D_J+D^\prime_J+d^\prime_J,
\label{Eq:D3term}
\end{equation}
where $D_J$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{Eq:ABCD}), $D^\prime_J$ includes dominant second order contributions, and $d^\prime_J$ subsumes all remaining higher order contributions. General angular considerations prohibit second order $M1$-$M1$ and $M1$-$E2$ effects from entering the $\widetilde{D}$ constants \cite{Sch55}, limiting the $D^\prime_J$ here to $E2$-$E2$ contributions. For the $5F_J$ state, we explicitly consider contributions attributed to mixing with i) the neighboring $5F_{J^\prime}$ state, ii) the $5F_J$ state of the isomer, and iii) the $5F_{J^\prime}$ state of the isomer.
The three contributions are proportional to $\Delta_\mathrm{fs}^{-1}$, $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}^{-1}$, and $(\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}\pm\Delta_\mathrm{fs})^{-1}$, respectively, where $\Delta_\mathrm{fs}$ is the fine structure splitting. For the third term, we take $(\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}\pm\Delta_\mathrm{fs})^{-1}
\rightarrow\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}^{-1}$, as is valid in the limit $\Delta_\mathrm{fs}\ll\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$; formally, the omitted part in this substitution is absorbed by the residual term $d_J^\prime$. From a second order analysis, the contributions read
\begin{equation*}
\begin{gathered}
D_{5/2}^\prime\equiv
\frac{\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\right|^2}
{20580\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}
+
\frac{\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\right|^2}
{3430\,\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}}
-
\frac{4\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\right|^2}
{46305\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}},
\\
D_{7/2}^\prime\equiv
-
\frac{\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\right|^2}
{2940\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}
+
\frac{\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}
\right|^2}
{2205\,\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}}
-
\frac{4\left|
\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
\right|^2}
{6615\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}}.
\end{gathered}
\end{equation*}
Introducing the off-diagonal hyperfine constant $B_\mathrm{o.d.}\equiv (5/36)\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$ and the dimensionless parameter
\begin{equation}
\eta_k\equiv
\frac{
\mathcal{M}^{(k)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}
/\mathcal{M}^{(k)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
}
{\sqrt{\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}/\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}},
\label{Eq:etak}
\end{equation}
these expressions may be recast as
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
D_{5/2}^\prime=
\frac{
3\left[
72\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
+
147\,\eta_2^2\,B_{5/2}^2
-
128\,\eta_2^2\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\right]
}
{85750\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}},
\\
D_{7/2}^\prime=
\frac{
2\left[
-54\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
+
25\,\eta_2^2\,B_{7/2}^2
-
96\,\eta_2^2\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\right]
}
{6125\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}.
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:Drecast}
\end{equation}
Note that the influence of the isomer state is contained within the parameter $\eta_2$.

\begin{table}[t!]
\caption{
Nuclear and electronic properties contributing to spectroscopic (i.e., uncorrected) hyperfine constants $\widetilde{C}_{5/2}$, $\widetilde{C}_{7/2}$, $\widetilde{D}_{5/2}$, and $\widetilde{D}_{7/2}$. Many entries should be regarded as estimates only. Here $e$ is the elementary charge, $\mu_N$ the nuclear magneton, and b the barn unit of area. Reference ``p'' denotes present {\it ab initio} theoretical electronic matrix elements (see text). Respective values of $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ correspond to 3.5(10), 3.4(18), 5.5(10), and 7.8(5) in units of eV.
}
\label{Tab:props}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{llcc}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Property (unit)} & Values & Refs. \\
\hline
\vspace{-3mm}\\
\multicolumn{4}{c}{nuclear properties}\\
$\mathcal{M}_1^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(\mu_N)$
			& 1.3(1), 1.04(2)	&
			[\onlinecite{GerLucVer74},\onlinecite{SafSafRad13}] \\
$\mathcal{M}_2^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(e\mathrm{b})$
			& 6.45\footnotemark[1], 6.4(1)	&
			[\onlinecite{BemMcGFor88},\onlinecite{SafSafRad13}] \\
$\mathcal{M}_3^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(\mu_N\mathrm{b})$
			& 0.43\footnotemark[2]		&  \\
$\mathcal{M}_4^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(e\mathrm{b}^2)$
			& 1.4\footnotemark[1]		& \cite{BemMcGFor88} \\
$|\mathcal{M}_1^{\downarrow\uparrow}|$\footnotemark[3] & $(\mu_N)$
			& 1.2, 0.85, 0.65		&
[\onlinecite{DykTka98},\onlinecite{BarArdBar03},\onlinecite{RucPloZyl06}]\\
$\mathcal{M}_2^{\downarrow\uparrow}$ & $(e\mathrm{b})$
			& 0.80, 2.4		&
[\onlinecite{BarArdBar03},\onlinecite{RucPloZyl06}] \\
$\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ & \multicolumn{2}{l}{$(10^{15}~\mathrm{Hz})$
~ 0.8(2), 0.8(4), 1.3(2), 1.9(1)}&
[\onlinecite{HelRei94},\onlinecite{BarArdBar03},\onlinecite{GuiHel05},\onlinecite{BecWuBei10}] \\
\vspace{-3mm}\\
\multicolumn{4}{c}{electronic properties}\\
$\mathcal{T}_1^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/\mu_N)$
			& 4.15, 3.71		& [\onlinecite{SafSafRad13},p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_1^{\uparrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/\mu_N)$
			& 2.42, 2.29		& [\onlinecite{SafSafRad13},p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_1^{\downarrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/\mu_N)$
			& 1.13	& [p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_2^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/e\mathrm{b})$
			& 1.49, 1.47		& [\onlinecite{SafSafRad13},p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_2^{\uparrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/e\mathrm{b})$
			& 1.67, 1.73		& [\onlinecite{SafSafRad13},p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_2^{\downarrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{9}~\mathrm{Hz}/e\mathrm{b})$
			& 0.58		& [p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_3^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(10^{3}~\mathrm{Hz}/\mu_N\mathrm{b})$
			& 15		& [p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_3^{\uparrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{3}~\mathrm{Hz}/\mu_N\mathrm{b})$
			& $-12$	& [p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_4^{\downarrow\downarrow}$ & $(10^{3}~\mathrm{Hz}/e\mathrm{b}^2)$
			& 0.10	& [p] \\
$\mathcal{T}_4^{\uparrow\uparrow}$ & $(10^{3}~\mathrm{Hz}/e\mathrm{b}^2)$
			& 0.31	& [p] \\
$\Delta_\mathrm{fs}$ & $(10^{15}~\mathrm{Hz})$
			& 0.129682	& \cite{Cha58} \\
\end{tabular}
\footnotetext[1]{inferred from intrinsic quadrupole and hexadecapole moments}
\footnotetext[2]{from the theoretical value for $^{233}$U~\cite{Wil62}
}
\footnotetext[3]{see note \cite{grumpy}
}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

Estimating the terms $D_J$ and $D^\prime_J$ requires nuclear and electronic matrix elements, as well as the energy differences $\Delta_\mathrm{fs}$ and $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$. Table \ref{Tab:props} compiles the relevant properties, with values taken or inferred from the literature where available. Also included are present {\it ab initio} theoretical electronic matrix elements. The method starts by solving the self-consistent, fully-relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) equations and includes important correlation corrections of the Brueckner orbital (BO) and random phase approximation (RPA) type in the calculation of matrix elements (see, e.g., Refs.~\cite{JohIdrSap87,Joh07}). For diagonal matrix elements,
the present results may be compared with recent coupled-cluster results given by Safronova {\it et al.}{}~\cite{SafSafRad13}, which include a more extensive treatment of correlation effects. From Table \ref{Tab:props}, contributions to the $\widetilde{D}$ constants are estimated to be (in units of Hz) \cite{bashful}
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
D_{5/2}\approx 0.6,
\qquad
D^\prime_{5/2}\approx 5+4\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)^2,
\\
D_{7/2}\approx 3,
\qquad
D^\prime_{7/2}\approx -36+8\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)^2,
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:Destimates}
\end{equation}
where entries in Table \ref{Tab:props} yield values of $\eta_2$ spanning from $0.03$ to $0.15$. From the estimates given here, it is evident that higher order effects are non-negligible for the $\widetilde{D}$ constants.
Residual terms $d^\prime_J$
are further estimated to be suppressed by more than an order-of-magnitude relative to the respective $D^\prime_J$.

In hypothetical absence of higher order effects, experimental $\widetilde{D}$ constants could be readily combined with theoretical matrix elements
to extract the nuclear hexadecapole moment $\Pi\propto\mathcal{M}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$, similar to what has been done for nuclear dipole and quadrupole moments using $\widetilde{A}$ and $\widetilde{B}$ constants~\cite{CamRadKuz11,SafSafRad13}.
The availability of two constants, $\widetilde{D}_{5/2}$ and $\widetilde{D}_{7/2}$, would provide a degree of redundancy for this process. In the actual case---wherein second order effects are not absent or negligible---the ``extra'' constant provides an opportunity to suppress uncertainty in $\Pi$ resulting from these additional contributions. Hyperfine constants $B_{5/2}$ and $B_{7/2}$ appearing in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:Drecast}) may be determined to high precision with microwave spectroscopy (recall, $B=\widetilde{B}$ at the ppm level), while the off-diagonal constant $B_\mathrm{o.d.}$ can be expressed in terms of $B_{5/2}$ or $B_{7/2}$,
\begin{equation*}
B_\mathrm{o.d.}
=\frac{7}{12}
\left(\frac{\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}}{\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}}\right)
B_{5/2}
=\frac{5}{6\sqrt{2}}
\left(\frac{\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}}{\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}}\right)
B_{7/2},
\end{equation*}
such that evaluation of $B_\mathrm{o.d.}$ is limited by theoretical uncertainty in the ratio
$\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}/
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$
or
$\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}/
\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}$.
Using coupled cluster techniques with empirical scaling, Safronova {\it et al.}~\cite{SafSafRad13} have demonstrated evaluation of the diagonal matrix elements $\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{(2)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}$ to $\sim\!1\%$, and a similar accuracy could be expected for the above ratios. Moreover, the two expressions for $B_\mathrm{o.d.}$ allow separate evaluations and further assessment of accuracy. With $B_{5/2}$, $B_{7/2}$, and $B_\mathrm{o.d.}$ known, an appropriate linear combination of $\widetilde{D}_{5/2}$ and $\widetilde{D}_{7/2}$ may be chosen to eliminate terms in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:Drecast}) proportional to the poorly-known factor $\eta_2^2$. Given theoretical values for $\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}$, one may then solve the resulting expression for $\Pi\propto\mathcal{M}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$.

Perhaps a more intriguing prospect than obtaining $\Pi$ is the alternative: combining $\widetilde{D}_{5/2}$ and $\widetilde{D}_{7/2}$ to solve for $\eta_2$, as this parameter contains information about the nuclear isomer state, $^{229m}$Th{}.
Taken in conjunction, Eqs.~(\ref{Eq:D3term}) and (\ref{Eq:Drecast}) yield an analytic solution for $\eta_2$ independent of the hexadecapole moment \cite{grumpy},
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
\eta_2=
\sqrt{
2\frac{42875\Delta_\mathrm{fs}
X-108B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2(7\rho_D+1)}
{441B_{5/2}^2-700 \rho_D B_{7/2}^2+384B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2(7\rho_D-1)}
};
\\
X=\left(\widetilde{D}_{5/2}-d^\prime_{5/2}\right)
-\rho_D\left(\widetilde{D}_{7/2}-d^\prime_{7/2}\right),
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:eta2}
\end{equation}
where $\rho_D\equiv D_{5/2}/D_{7/2}=\left(\sqrt{22}/7\right)
\left(\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
/\mathcal{T}^{(4)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}\right)$.
Borrowing values from Table \ref{Tab:props}, we estimate that $\eta_2$ could potentially be determined to $\sim\!5\%$ using Eq.~(\ref{Eq:eta2}). To arrive at this conclusion, we ascribed plausible uncertainties to parameters on the right hand side of Eq.~(\ref{Eq:eta2}), assuming their precise evaluation with microwave spectroscopy and state-of-the-art theoretical techniques (e.g., Ref.~\cite{SafSafRad13}). Namely, we assumed uncertainties of $\sim\!1\%$ for $B_\mathrm{o.d.}$, $\sim\!20\%$ for $\rho_D$, and $\sim\!1\%$ for $(\widetilde{D}_J-d^\prime_J)$. Uncertainty propagation into $\eta_2$ was tracked by Monte Carlo evaluation of Eq.~(\ref{Eq:eta2}) with normally distributed parameters.
While $\sim\!5\%$ evaluation of $\eta_2$ is deemed a distinct possibility, we stress that accuracy at this level is not assured, even with the assumed uncertainties. For example, whereas a quasiparticle-plus-phonon model calculation predicts 2.4 $e$b for
$\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$, a semi-empirical analysis predicts 0.80 $e$b (see Table~\ref{Tab:props}). Relative to the former, the latter value implies an order-of-magnitude reduction in the signal provided by $\eta_2^2$, with a corresponding reduction in the accuracy to which $\eta_2$ may be determined. Acknowledging the possibility of a larger $\mathcal{M}^{(2)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$, on the other hand, suggests potentially better resolution of $\eta_2$.

In analogy to the $\widetilde{D}$ constants, the $\widetilde{C}$ constants are likewise split into three terms,
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{C}_J=C_J+C^\prime_J+c^\prime_J,
\label{Eq:C3term}
\end{equation}
where $C_J$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{Eq:ABCD}), $C^\prime_J$ includes dominant second order contributions, and $c^\prime_J$ subsumes residual higher order contributions. For $\widetilde{C}$ constants, second order $M1$-$E2$ contributions emerge along with $E2$-$E2$ contributions, while $M1$-$M1$ contributions remain absent from angular considerations \cite{Sch55}.
Written analogously to Eq.~(\ref{Eq:Drecast}), the dominant second order contributions are
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
\begin{aligned}
C_{5/2}^\prime=&
\frac{3}
{49000\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}
\bigl[
2100\sqrt{3}\,A_\mathrm{o.d.}B_\mathrm{o.d.}
-
792\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\\&
+
3675\sqrt{14}\,\eta_1\eta_2\,A_{5/2}B_{5/2}
+
147\,\eta_2^2\,B_{5/2}^2
\\&
-
700\sqrt{42}\,\eta_1\eta_2\,A_\mathrm{o.d.}B_\mathrm{o.d.}
-
352\,\eta_2^2\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\bigr]
,
\end{aligned}
\\
\begin{aligned}
C_{7/2}^\prime=&
\frac{1}
{7000\,\Delta_\mathrm{fs}}
\bigl[
-3150\sqrt{3}\,A_\mathrm{o.d.}B_\mathrm{o.d.}
-
324\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\\&
+
2625\sqrt{14}\,\eta_1\eta_2\,A_{7/2}B_{7/2}
+
50\,\eta_2^2\,B_{7/2}^2
\\&
-
1050\sqrt{42}\,\eta_1\eta_2\,A_\mathrm{o.d.}B_\mathrm{o.d.}
+
144\,\eta_2^2\,B_\mathrm{o.d.}^2
\bigr]
,
\end{aligned}
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:Crecast}
\end{equation}
where we have introduced the off-diagonal constant
$A_\mathrm{o.d.}\equiv (1/21)\sqrt{2/5}\,\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}
\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$ and where $\eta_1$ is defined by Eq.~(\ref{Eq:etak}). From Table \ref{Tab:props}, contributions to the $\widetilde{C}$ constants are estimated to be (in units of Hz) \cite{bashful}
\begin{equation}
\begin{gathered}
C_{5/2}\approx 130,
\qquad
C_{7/2}\approx -120,
\\
C^\prime_{5/2}\approx
-70
+60\left(\frac{\eta_1}{0.46}\right)\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)
+7\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)^2,
\\
C^\prime_{7/2}\approx
-200
+20\left(\frac{\eta_1}{0.46}\right)\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)
+9\left(\frac{\eta_2}{0.15}\right)^2,
\end{gathered}
\label{Eq:Cestimates}
\end{equation}
where entries in Table \ref{Tab:props} yield values of $\left|\eta_1\right|$ spanning from $0.13$ to $0.46$. The hyperfine constants $A_{5/2}$ and $A_{7/2}$ in Eq.~(\ref{Eq:Crecast}) may be determined to high precision with microwave spectroscopy, while $A_\mathrm{o.d.}$ satisfies
\begin{equation*}
A_\mathrm{o.d.}
=\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}
\left(\frac{\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}}{\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}}\right)
A_{5/2}
=\sqrt{6}
\left(\frac{\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}}{\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}}\right)
A_{7/2}.
\end{equation*}
Safronova {\it et al.}{}~\cite{SafSafRad13} have demonstrated $\sim\!1\%$ evaluation of $\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$ and $\mathcal{T}^{(1)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}$, and a similar accuracy could be expected for the ratios appearing here. Equations (\ref{Eq:C3term}) and (\ref{Eq:Crecast}) may be combined to yield a solution for $\eta_1$ dependent upon $C_{5/2}$ and $C_{7/2}$ only through the ratio $\rho_C\equiv C_{5/2}/C_{7/2}=(1/7)\sqrt{110/3}\left(\mathcal{T}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}/\mathcal{T}^{(3)}_{\uparrow\uparrow}\right)$ and, thus, independent of the nuclear octupole moment $\Omega\propto\mathcal{M}^{(3)}_{\downarrow\downarrow}$. The resulting analytic solution is lengthy and is not presented here. Borrowing values from Table \ref{Tab:props} and taking plausible uncertainties of $\sim\!1\%$ for $A_\mathrm{o.d.}$, $\sim\!20\%$ for $\rho_C$, and $\sim\!1\%$ for $(\widetilde{C}_J-c^\prime_J)$, assuming their evaluation with microwave spectroscopy and state-of-the-art theoretical techniques, we find that $\eta_1$ can potentially be determined to $\sim\!20\%$.

Zhao {\it et al.}{}~\cite{ZhaEscNat12} recently reported direct observation of the $^{229m}$Th{}\,$\rightarrow$\,$^{229g}$Th{} nuclear deexcitation in neutral thorium and concluded that the relaxation occurs via $M1$ decay with a lifetime $\tau=8.7\pm1.4$ hr, though we note that this result has been met with some skepticism (see Ref.~\cite{PeiZim13}).
The $M1$ decay rate depends on off-diagonal matrix element $\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$, as well as $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$. Expressed in terms of $\eta_1$ in favor of $\mathcal{M}^{(1)}_{\downarrow\uparrow}$, this rate reads \cite{PorFla10,sleepy} $\tau^{-1}=(14/5)\hbar^{-4} c^{-3}\Delta_\mathrm{fs}^{-1}\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}^4\eta_1^2\mu^2$, where $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck constant and $c$ is the speed of light.
Rearranging for $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$, this expression gives the proportionality relation
$
\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}\propto
\tau^{-1/4}\,\left|\eta_1\right|^{-1/2}\,\left|\mu\right|^{-1/2}.
$
With $\tau$ and $\mu$ given to $\sim\!15\%$ \cite{ZhaEscNat12} and $\sim\!1\%$~\cite{SafSafRad13}, respectively, and assuming $\eta_1$ to be evaluated to $\sim\!20\%$ following the above prescription, we conclude that $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ can potentially be determined to $\sim\!10\%$. Thus, the present method has potential to obtain $\Delta_\mathrm{nuc}$ with accuracy comparable to the $\gamma$-ray differencing schemes of Refs.~\cite{HelRei94,BarArdBar03,GuiHel05,BecBecBei07,BecWuBei10}, which have reported inconsistent results, while using a completely independent approach to deducing this important property.

In summary, here we have identified a potential means to extract the $^{229g}$Th{}\,$\rightarrow$\,$^{229m}$Th{} nuclear excitation energy using a combination of precision microwave spectroscopy together with state-of-the-art theoretical methods of atomic structure. The triply-ionized species $^{229g}$Th$^{3+}${} lends itself well to the present proposal. Firstly, the long-lived ground fine structure doublet $5F_{5/2,7/2}$ has a multitude of hyperfine intervals, with spectroscopic constants $\widetilde{C}_{5/2}$, $\widetilde{C}_{7/2}$, $\widetilde{D}_{5/2}$, and $\widetilde{D}_{7/2}$ having sizable fractional contributions attributed to hyperfine mixing with states of the nuclear isomer. Secondly, the single-valence character of $^{229g}$Th$^{3+}${} greatly aids in its theoretical description (i.e., calculation of electronic properties), especially by comparison to the complex four-valence neutral system. Lastly, foundations of this proposal have already been demonstrated in recent works focused on this ion, including cooling, trapping, and spectroscopic interrogation within a Paul trap \cite{CamRadKuz11} and accurate calculation of electronic hyperfine matrix elements \cite{SafSafRad13}. The present work motivates continued effort in these directions as well as efforts towards improved characterization of the $M1$ decay rate of the isomer \cite{ZhaEscNat12,PeiZim13}. A new, independent determination of the nuclear excitation energy could prove to be an essential step in ultimately realizing direct laser-excitation of the thorium-229 nucleus.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
A.	A "facility" includes all the components of a power plant located on the site and may also include new interconnecting electric power lines and natural gas fuel pipelines. For example, a natural gas-fired facility would include a natural gas pipeline to bring fuel to the facility; a boiler to create steam; a turbine to be rotated by the steam; an electric generator to be turned by the turbine; a cooling system; exhaust stacks; various buildings to house the components; employee areas; back-up fuel storage tanks; ancillary equipment, parking and storage areas; an electric substation including transformers; and a transmission line to carry the electricity out to the grid. A wind-power facility would include wind turbines on towers with integrated electric generators; electric collection lines; access roads; an electric switchyard and substation including transformers; meteorological towers; and a transmission line to carry the electricity out to the grid.
A.	"Intervenor" is the name used to refer to a party other than the applicant or the staff of the reviewing public agency that joins a case or proceeding as a third party for the protection of an interest.
A.	All municipal and local parties are eligible. The presiding examiner shall reserve at least 50% of the pre-application funds for potential awards to municipalities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With nearly 20 years of marketing experience spanning strategy, service and product management, Kat has been in the digital realm for most of her career. She was an early pioneer who launched the digital group for Penguin books in the 90s and created some of the first online sites and campaigns on behalf of major authors like Stephen King, Tom Clancy, and Tad Williams. Later in her career she continued to work with major brands across verticals helping them realize the true power of Omnichannel engagement. When not dreaming about online dialogues she can be found swimming laps for leisure or playing with her kids in the park.


text:
Tickling and Trampling Around The Toe of Italy - Province of Reggio Calabria
Pictorial by Barry Greville-Eyres
Mandorla - Calabria's Tree of Life! Historically this tree grew in profusion in the surrounding mountainous areas naturally or as a cultivated tree crop along with olive and citrus groves. Some literature refers to oak trees with acorns which were milled and used as a wheat flour replacement in the making of bread. Its possible that this is a reference to almond flour. From a theological perspective a mandorla is a vesica piscis shaped aureola (protective shell-nut and kernel configuration) which surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary in traditional Christian art. It is especially used to frame the figure of Christ in Majesty in early medieval and Romanesque art, as well as Byzantine art of the same periods. The term refers to the almond like shape: "mandorla" means almond nut in Italian. In icons of the Eastern Orthodox Church, the mandorla is used to depict sacred moments which transcend time and space, such as the Resurrection, Transfiguration, and the Dormition of the Theotokos.
The lower reaches of the Amendolea River with its broad floodplain on its relentless march to the coast. Dry for most of the year, it is quickly transformed into a raging torrent and one of the fast flowing rivers in the region with the onset of the rainy season.
The destructive forces of nature in this harsh and dynamic bio-physical environment including episodic earthquakes (1783, 1908) and floods (1973) with associated landslides are on display and litter the watercourse of the Amendolea River.
Views of the Amendolea hinterland mostly made up of clay-rich hills with low-rising and uneven vegetation, furrowed by winter-time torrents that deposit debris ripped from the mountainsides downstream. In spite of this, traditionally the river courses were the only ready access routes and lines of communication between the mountainous Aspromonte region and the seaside for long periods of time. In the past the Amendolea River irrigated fields of cereal crops and cultivated trees including citrus and olives also providing water-powered energy to turn the wheels of various mills.
Agro-tourism and farm-stays have become a thriving cultural and socio-economic concern in Amendolea and the region generally, exploiting its true uniqueness. This includes bergamot orange (depicted in the image above) which is an iconic, citrus fruit only grown in Reggio Calabria where more than 80% is produced. The tree may well be native to the region as there is evidence as early as the 14th century of a citrus tree known as Limon pusillus calaber.
At the centerpiece and on the banks of the Amendolea River is the Il Bergamotto Farm-stay with mixed, cultivated tree crops - bergamot citrus (center with dark green foliage) and flanked by olive trees (grey-green foliage). The citrus thrives in the area due to its favorable micro-climate. The prominent rock outcrop at the center of the picture is the silhouette of Il Lupo or The Wolf.
The bergamot orange harvest begins in early November and sometimes lasts until February. The peels are hung out to dry, after which they are brought into workshops for processing. Essential oils are extracted from the ripe peels and its fabled that one hundred fruit yield about three ounces (85 g) of oil. The extract appears as an extremely fragrant fluid with a yellowish or green tint, depending on the peel ripeness. Whereas the fruit itself is inedible, the essence is used in perfumery for its ability to combine with an array of scents to form a bouquet of aromas which complement each other. About one-third of all men's and about half of women's perfumes contain bergamot essential oil. The juice of the fruit has been used in Calabrian indigenous medicine to treat malaria
Calabrian fruity, sweet delights consisting of dried figs with almonds inserted and configured in the shaped a cross - a legacy of Byzantine cultural heritage. Lightweight, all natural, wholesome and packed with calorific energy shepherds and now, more recent hikers have drawn great sustenance and pleasure from these trusty and tasty snacks.
Guides, travel companions and aficionados from the Gruppo Archeologico Valle Dell Amendolea.
Timeless tones and textures - deserted farm homestead adjacent to the Amendolea River.
Local livestock foraging alongside the Amendolea River
Restoration of iconic Calabrian national monuments.
Overlooking the Amendolea River are remnants of the Castello Ruffo di Amendolea directly adjacent to the namesake medieval village - both of which are an enduring legacy of Greci di Calabria. Definitively abandoned only after the 1908 earthquake, historic Amendolea was rebuilt as a small, agro-pastoral borough at the foot of a huge rock atop of which it is still possible to visit the ruins of the great Ruffo castle. The strategic importance of the site and the castle are immediately self-evident to visitors.
Arches commanding panoramic views of mountain, dale and sea.
Conceivably an underground water cistern, within the confines of the Castello Ruffo di Amendolea, used for decades to store this precious commodity.
Birds-eye view of the Amendolea River from the Castella controlling access to the coast and hinterland.
Withstanding the ravages of time and an abrasive environment.
The ancient steeple of chiesa di S. Nicola or Church of St. Nicola occupying the adjacent ridge line from the Castello Ruffo di Amendolea.
The altar area of the almost medieval chiesa di S. Nicola over-looking the Amendolea River.
The Grecanici, or rather the Greek towns of Calabria, are located upon the Ionian slopes of the Aspromonte massif, in the Amendolea river valley. Most scholars now believe that the local dialect originated with Byzantine civilization and was brought to Calabria in the 7th century by Basilian monks, excluding the possibility that it might date back to the Magna Graecia period, as was previously believed. At the beginning of the 20th century, the grecanica dialect was still widely spoken in the towns throughout the region, even just outside Reggio Calabria itself. Much has changed, however, and over the span of a century this dialect is now spoken almost exclusively among the older generations. The dialect is in dire danger of dying out. Today, various cultural associations in Bova and the surrounding area are dedicated to recovering this ancient culture and language as much as possible.
Bova is regarded as the capital of the Calabrian Greek and is well-known for its interesting local crafts and products. These include beautiful blankets and other products woven by hand, featuring characteristic floral and geometric patterns. The town is also home to a number of local woodcarvers, who produce a wide range of traditional yet charming objects. Bova Marina is located at the mouth of the Sideroni tributary having divorced itself from inland Bova several decades ago. In the upper part of Bova town, visitors can admire the ruins of a medieval castle with its two cylindrical towers, which dates back to at least the 11th century.
From the summit of Bova town visitors can enjoy spectacular panoramic views of the hinterland and coastline extending all the way to the eastern coast of Sicily.
An absent room with an enduring view
A tourism-oriented mosaic mural on the outskirts of Bova depicting the unique characteristics and attributes of the area.
Loggerhead turtle conservation on the beaches at Condofuri Marina. The turtle is known as a flagship species because of their enormous strategic role within the ambit of conservation, all the more so because their ecological characteristics also play a key role in ecosystems: their conservation automatically involves the safeguard of numerous other species, directly or indirectly associated with them, thanks to the protection of extensive habitats and natural territories.
Condofuri Marina coastline at dawn prior to the invasion of local sun-worshipers
The Calabrian towns traditional known for their Greek origins include: Bova, Condofuri, Galliciano, Roccaforte del Greco, Amendolea, Roghudi and Ghorio di Roghudi.
Charm, self-determination and resilience personified - Galliciano nestled in its mountain refuge. From the 1950's on, a series of landslides and floods affecting many inland communities materially displaced and dispersed them together with their unique language. The small towns inhabited by shepherds and peasants were rebuilt as anonymous coastal dormitory towns, retaining the original town identity but tacking on the word Marina. The new towns were located several kilometers from their original mountain sites and the populations forcibly transferred there en masse.
Mass trans-locations were the fates of Africo in 1951 and Roghudi in 1972. Around the same time Galliciano and, later Bova, following landslides (1972/73) and an earthquake (1978), did not escape attempts to transfer the inhabitants on the grounds of natural disaster or political interference. The resistance of the people of a number of inland Greek-speaking villages who have managed to survive, is considered miraculous given the difficult logistic and economic living conditions of the inhabitants. In fact, Galliciano was provided with a completely bitumen-ed road only recently while Bova, the moral capital of the area, is still reached by an rainproof yet winding road built at the beginning of the 20th century.
The medieval parish church in Galliciano features a magnificent facade and bell tower.
The church also boasts a splendid 16th century marble statue of Saint John the Baptist and an ornate baptismal font, which is likely the 16th century work of Rinaldo Bonanno.
The Calabrian towns traditional known for their Greek origins include: Bova, Condofuri, Galliciano, Roccaforte del Greco, Amendolea, Roghudi and Ghorio di Roghudi. Its little wonder that the Greek flag is openly displayed in the Galliciano piazza.
Galliciano, the only entirely Greek-speaking village still in existence today, deserves special mention. The village is renowned in the entire area for its high degree of preservation of the Graecanic traditions, not only the language, but all socio-cultural dimensions including the music, food and rituals. Regrettably, the language is not used as widely as in the past but is primarily spoken within the family context.
The blogger with Galliciano village folk visiting their unique Graecanic museum which pays homage to their extraordinary cultural heritage
Posted by Barry Greville-Eyres at 11:45 AM No comments:
Labels: agro-tourism, Amendolea, Bova, Condofuri, Galliciano, southern Italy
Tickling and Trampling Around The Toe of Italy - P...


text:
RESOLUTION OF COMMITTEE FOR STATE SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND PRESIDENTIAL SECURITY SERVICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
of January 14, 2015 No. 2/8
About approval of the Instruction about procedure for towing-in of the vehicle without its placement on the supervised parking for the purpose of accomplishment of the tasks assigned to the state security agencies and body of the state protection
Based on part nine of article 19-1 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus of January 5, 2008 "About traffic" Committee for State Security of the Republic of Belarus and the Presidential Security Service of the Republic of Belarus POSTANOVLYAYUT:
1. Approve the enclosed Instruction about procedure for towing-in of the vehicle without room it on the supervised parking for the purpose of accomplishment of the tasks assigned to the state security agencies and body of the state protection.
2. This resolution becomes effective after its official publication.
Chairman of Committee for State Security of the Republic of Belarus
V.P.Vakulchik
Head of the security service of the President of the Republic of Belarus
V. N. Shinkevich
It is approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus
of January 12, 2015
I. A. Shunevich
Approved by the Resolution of Committee for State Security of the Republic of Belarus and the Presidential Security Service of the Republic of Belarus of January 14, 2015 No. 2/8
The instruction about procedure for towing-in of the vehicle without its placement on the supervised parking for the purpose of accomplishment of the tasks assigned to the state security agencies and body of the state protection
1. This Instruction establishes procedure for towing-in of the vehicle without room it on the supervised parking for the purpose of accomplishment of the tasks assigned to the state security agencies and body of the state protection - the Presidential Security Service of the Republic of Belarus (further - Security).
2. For the purposes of this Instruction:
the vehicle towing-in without its placement on the supervised parking (further - vehicle towing-in) is understood as forced movement of the vehicle with use of the egresses belonging to the state security agencies, body of the state protection, law-enforcement bodies or the organizations, requirements to which are established by the legislation, or without their use from the place of its stay on distance not further, than it is necessary for elimination of the obstacle created by the vehicle for accomplishment of the tasks assigned to the state security agencies, body of the state protection;
other terms and their determinations are used in the values determined by the laws of the Republic of Belarus of July 10, 2012 "About the state security agencies of the Republic of Belarus" (The national legal Internet portal of the Republic of Belarus, 18.07. 2012, 2/1942), of May 8, 2009 "About the state protection" (The national register of legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2009, No. 119, 2/1568).
3. The vehicle towing-in in the presence in it the passenger (passengers) is prohibited.
4. The decision on towing-in of the vehicle is made by the service employee of the state security agency, Security authorized according to the legislation.
The service employee who made the decision on vehicle towing-in in the absence of the driver immediately informs service of territorial authority operational and on duty of internal affairs in the location of the vehicle, having reported:
the position, surname, own name, middle name (if that is available);
brand (model), color, registration sign of the vehicle;
the address with indication of the specific place from where and where the vehicle is towed off;
whether are caused to the damage vehicle during its towing-in.
The employee of service operational and on duty of law-enforcement body without delay takes measures for informing the owner (owner) the vehicle on the place of its stay.
5. Legal entities bear responsibility for the damages caused to the vehicle during its towing-in, employees (workers) of which performed vehicle towing-in.
6. In case of towing-in of the vehicle its external examination regarding establishment of visible defects and damages to presence at least two full age persons about what the inspection report of the vehicle is drawn up (further - the act) in form according to appendix to this Instruction is performed. In the presence of opportunity photo or video filming of the vehicle is performed about what it is specified in the act.
The act with materials of photo or video filming (in case of their implementation) is stored in the organization, the employee (worker) of which performed vehicle towing-in without room it on the supervised parking, within three years.
In cases, being urgent when there is no opportunity to provide presence of two full age persons determined by part one of this Item at the act the mark about it with indication of the specific reasons becomes, and the vehicle will be towed off.
7. Time and the venue of survey, its results and also stated by participants of survey of the note if those are available, brand (model) of the vehicle, its registration sign, the name of state body whose employee made the decision on vehicle towing-in, position, surname, own name and middle name (if that is available) the employee of the State automobile inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, the name of the organization which means were used for vehicle towing-in, and also the place to which the vehicle is towed off shall be reflected in the act.
The statement is drawn up in duplicate, first of which remains in the organization, the employee (worker) of which performed towing-in, the second - is located on vehicle windshield.
After vehicle towing-in on site of its placement the employee (worker) performing towing-in performs repeated inspection of the vehicle with mark in the act of availability (absence) of the damages of the vehicle caused by towing-in.
8. Collection of payment from the owner (owner) for towing-in of the vehicle is not allowed.
9. The vehicle towing-in to the place in which according to the Traffic regulations approved by the Presidential decree of the Republic of Belarus of November 28, 2005 No. 551 "About measures for traffic safety increase" is not allowed (The national register of legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, 2005, No. 189, 1/6961), is forbidden stop and the parking of vehicles.


Frankel's proposal, an amendment to a multiyear highway bill, failed by a voice vote. It would have kept the Compliance, Safety, Accountability scores publicly available while the National Research Council of the National Academies reviewed the CSA program.
Speaking in opposition to the amendment, Rep. Sam Graves (R-Mo.), chairman of the Highways and Transit Subcommittee, stressed the need to reform the CSA program.
Under the highway bill, FMCSA would be required to make "corrective actions" to CSA that includes an in-depth review. During the review, certain CSA scores would be removed from public view. While proponents argue CSA's data is reliable, most of the trucking sector disagrees.
Frankel's amendment was among 81 proposed changes the House has taken on during floor debate of a multiyear highway bill.


Working in Central America since 2011 has given Elizabeth Kennedy a pretty solid handle on the influx in undocumented minors arriving in the United States.
Tens of thousands of unaccompanied and undocumented children have already arrived in the United States from Central America. They're fleeing El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, countries experiencing an incredible rise in crime rates.
Kennedy, an SDSU doctoral candidate living in El Salvador on a Fulbright fellowship, works with children who have been deported back to their home country after being caught making the journey across Mexico in hopes of reaching the U.S.
"Most children are leaving because they fear for their lives," Kennedy said. "Migration isn't the most accurate word to use," she said, "they are in fact fleeing."
Kennedy joined VOSD Radio's Scott Lewis and Andrew Keatts this week to discuss the dangers Central American youths face, the factors that force them to flee and what happens to them once they arrive in the United States.


determine mass of sodium acetate and volumes of 3M HCN solution required for preparing a 250ml buffer solution of pH = 5.3 with salt concentration 0.5M.  Ka = 2*10-5.
An acidic  buffer solution is simply one which has a pH less than 7.  Acidic buffer  solutions are commonly made from a weak acid and one of its salts -  often a sodium salt.
A common  example would be a  mixture of ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate in  solution.  In this case, if the solution contained equal molar  concentrations of both the acid and the salt, it would have a pH of  4.76.  It wouldn't matter what the concentrations were, as long as they  were the same.


Minimum quantity for "Complan Pista Badam 500 gm (Refill Pack) Nutrition Drink" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Royal Chocolate Complan Jar - 1KG" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Royal Chocolate Complan Jar - 200gm" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Royal Chocolate Complan Jar - 450gm" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Complan Royal Chocolate Flavour 500gm" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Complan Kesar Badam Flavour, 500g - Pack" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Complan Creamy Classic Refill Pack 500g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "MTR Badam Drink" is 1.
Contains important calciums Ingredients: Full Cream Cow's Milk Powder, Emulsifier (Soya Lecithin) Vitamins and Minerals.
Minimum quantity for "Junior Horlicks Original Flavour 500g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Horlicks Chocolate Delight Jar Powder 500 g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Threptin Micromix High Protein Milk Addon - 200 g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Pedia Sure Vanilla Delight Flavour 1kg" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Horlicks Classic Malt - Refill 1 Kg" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Patanjali Power Vita Refill Pack - 200g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Patanjali Power Vita - 500g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Patanjali Badam Pak - 500g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Patanjali Badam Pak - 250g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Cadbury Cocoa 150 gm" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Cadbury Bournvita 500g (KH-604)" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Cadbury Hot Chocolate 200g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Bournvita Little Champs Pro-Health Chocolate Drink 500g" is 1.
Minimum quantity for "Horlicks Viva Health Drink - 500g (KH-221)" is 1.


Church planters come in all shapes, sizes, and personality types. In the early days of planting our church, I read books upon books on the subject. A few of them attempted to describe the type of person who plants churches. The emphasis was upon their personality which leaned hard toward extrovert.
One of the books listed four basic types of church planters and intimated that the introverted person would be "least likely to succeed". In similar fashion, some have tried to pigeon-hole certain strengths on the Strength Finders scale as "church planter" material. Personally, I am a strong I on the introvert scale and I possess none of the so-called church planter strengths.
As an introvert, sometimes I do wish I had the energy of my extrovert colleagues, but that is not how God created me. However, He did call me and equip me for such a task as this. My guess is God has called other introverts to plant churches as well. Here are seven tips I have found helpful in planting a church.
The introvert/extrovert personality trait is not about liking or disliking people. It is about how you spend your energy. Introverts spend energy when they are with people. Extroverts acquire energy when they are with people. Therefore, schedule your time with people in a way that you can afford to spend your energy. If you know you are going to spend a few hours with a group of people, then you need to take extra time alone to acquire the energy you need to spend.
I try very hard not to spend Saturday evenings out late with people. I know I will need that energy for Sunday morning. On the occasions when I need to be with people on Saturday evenings, I plan some alone or study time before hand.
Be intentional about your outreach teams. When we plan outreach events, I try to pair myself up with an extrovert. An extrovert helps me when I run out of small talk topics. They also enjoy talking which gives me a break and allows me to do what introverts do best: listen.
One of the fastest ways to drain your energy is with small talk. Most of us introverts cannot talk trivia for very long. We do well with deep conversations and often find those energizing. I have created a list of conversation starters for different situations.
I have written out things I might say in common situations. For example, I have a list of different ways to introduce myself to new guests on Sunday morning. These are limited to 3-4 sentences/questions which I use repeatedly. These are new guests. They have no idea I use the same conversation starters with everyone.
I also have a list of questions to open up discussion. I use open-ended questions, rather than yes or no. If I can get them talking about themselves, then I am succeeding.
I hate talking to strangers. Most introverts do. I was recently at a conference with one of our church leaders who happen to be an extrovert (see tag-team above). We were there maybe five minutes and she was in a full blown conversation with someone she had never met. I think they had exchanged phone numbers within ten minutes of the conversation. Dear introvert, it's not going to happen for us!
Instead, I have established patterns and routines that put me in places where people will approach me instead of me approaching them. All I have to do is smile and be approachable. Once I have established a pattern, I begin to feel more comfortable approaching them as well.
If you're an introvert and you're not using social media…what is wrong with you? Social media is an introvert's dream come true! You can connect with multiple people while actually accruing energy. Social media, email, and texting should be your top priority for communicating.
I also utilize sending notes and cards. People don't send notes and cards anymore. Here you have an opportunity to touch someone in a unique way and it doesn't require the energy level of a face-to-face conversation. Also, you can do it when you are thinking about the person. It lets them know they were on your mind.
As an introvert church planter, prayer has been a great resource. All church planters should be pray-ers. But more specifically, it's what I pray for. When I spend time praying for specific people, God prepares their hearts for deeper conversation and introverts thrive on deep conversation.
In addition, I pray for God to bring people to me. I continually ask God to put people in my path who have a desire to know more about Him. One time I had been praying specifically for God to put a person in my path that day. In the afternoon, I went to the chiropractor. It was a new doctor and he knew very little about me. But, after the adjustment, he sat down and started asking me questions about God and faith.
Extroverted church planters do typically have quicker results in reaching others. They like to talk and the more they are around people, the more energy they have to spend with people. Dear introvert, you have gifts and grace too. You have something to offer your community. You have faith, persistence, and a listening ear. Be patient with yourself and patient with the call. God has a plan to reach this world and it includes introverted church planters.


I'm always very interested to hear what beauty products really made a stand out impression over the year to them, I love recommendations, so I thought I would follow suit and round up my own favourite beauty products of 2015!
The Zoeva Cocoa Blend Palette definitely sticks in my mind, so affordable and such gorgeous wearable, blend-able shades. My favourite mascara has to be the Maybelline Lash Sensational, super affordable and makes your lashes so long and thick. I've been loving the La Roche Posay Anti-Redness Moisturiser, great for in the morning and sits well under makeup. A cleanser revelation last year was the Emma Hardie Cleansing Balm, a bit pricey but such a gorgeous nourishing cleanser. My blusher favourite has to be the Max Factor Creme Puff Blush in Lovely Pink, these are so so good for being a drugstore product, fab colour payoff and so blend-able and glowy.
A perfume that I absolutely love, again a pricey one the Tom Ford White Suede, it's definitely my most grown up fragrance but it's so nice! I've also been loving the First Aid Beauty Ultra Repair Instant Oatmeal Mask, so so good for dry skin! A set of brushes I've been obsessed with is the Zoeva Rose Gold brushes, such good value for money, great quality and look at how pretty they are! I've loved smothering my bod in the Laura Mercier Golden Honey Musk Soufflé Body Creme, it smells amazing! The bubble bath is also beaut! I've discovered this Kiko Bronzer, the packaging is gorgeously ridiculous, but it's just a lovely glowy bronzer. Finally my all time favourite highlighter from last year is The Balm Mary Lou-Manizer, just a fab lit from within pot of sparkly amazing-ness!
What have been your Beauty Favourites in 2015?
Oh my goodness, that palette is gorgeous! I've yet to try anything from Zoeva, but I keep hearing good things about the items. I've had Laura Mercier bath products on my wishlist for ages. They smell so good!
I've been loving the Zoeva Cocoa Blends palette its so lovely and also loved my Max Factor Creme Puff Blush throughout 2015 as well! Lovely post!


Harrow's sophisticated and yet dynamic design creates an outstanding office or living room ambiance. Simple shapes and clean lines truly embody this piece, allowing extreme functionality and beauty.
The Harrow bookcase works greatly as an individual piece as well as in pairs or multiples, creating a modular bookcase thus making it extremely functional. This bookcase offers a sophisticated alternative for displaying your books and favorite decoration accessories.


Posted on November 8, 2012, in New York and tagged Ernest Dickerson, New York, Spike Lee. Bookmark the permalink.	2 Comments.
While I don't think this is the most accomplished of Lee's films, I found his attempt to express his sensibility towards Brooklyn through fusing the overheated lens of late 1950s Ross Hunter/Alfred Zugsmith Universal Pictures melodramas with jagged musical and visual improvisation really intriguing. It's rather sad that the meta-cinematic subtext really wasn't discussed in the controversy surrounding the film's release.
Actually, John, I hadn't thought of it that way, but Lee is certainly aware of film history, and he's adept at using Hollywood's stylistic vocabulary. I'll have to take another look at Jungle Fever with that in mind. I think another instance of critics ignoring Lee's stylistic framework is Bamboozled. The film has problems, but to my mind it's one of his richest, most interesting efforts.


Designed originally for agricultural duties under the designation Skh–1, the AN-2 utility transport flew for the first time in 1947, and it has been manufactured in extremely large numbers for both military and civilian roles. Of robust construction and suitable for operation from short, semi-prepared strips, the An–2 is employed extensively by the Soviet Air Force as a light freighter, a paratrooper training aircraft, and as a radio and navigational trainer. As a freighter, the An–2 will carry a 3,000 lb. load, and as a personnel transport up to fourteen seats may be installed.
"Natasha," the 1941 Aircraft Group's An–2, was built in 1987 and acquired from Columbia, Missouri, in 1998. Restoration was accomplished over the Winter of 1999-2000 and "Natasha" took her maiden flight on May 11, 2000. Restoration has recently begun on Natasha's partner. In 2015 after securing a rebuilt engine Natasha took to the air again in September. Look for her over the area in 2019.


Local farmer Pablo Pinto has now joined the Inga Foundation staff. He proudly sports his new Guamero outfit on his plot in the Cangrajal river valley. A very calm, determined, impressive addition to what is an exciting period in Inga Foundations's development.


text:
import uasyncio as asyncio
from gui.core.lcd160_gui import Screen, IFont
from gui.core.constants import *

from gui.widgets.buttons import Button, RadioButtons
from gui.widgets.label import Label
from gui.widgets.textbox import Textbox

import font10
import font6
font3 = IFont(3)

from lcd_local import setup

# **** STANDARD BUTTON TYPES ****

def quitbutton():
    def quit(button):
        Screen.shutdown()
    Button((109, 107), font = font10, callback = quit, fgcolor = RED, text = 'Quit')

def fwdbutton(x, y, cls_screen, text='Next'):
    def fwd(button):
        Screen.change(cls_screen)
    Button((x, y), font = font10, callback = fwd, fgcolor = RED,
           text = text, shape = RECTANGLE)

def backbutton():
    def back(button):
        Screen.back()
    Button((109, 107), font = font10, fontcolor = BLACK, callback = back,
           fgcolor = CYAN,  text = 'Back', shape = RECTANGLE)

# **** STANDARDISE CONTROLS ACROSS SCREENS ****
# Appearance for Textbox instances
tbargs = {'fontcolor' : GREEN,
            'fgcolor' : RED,
            'bgcolor' : DARKGREEN,
            'repeat' : False,
            }

# Appearance for buttons
btntable = {'fgcolor' : LIGHTBLUE,
            'font' : font10,
            'width' : 50,
            'litcolor' : GREEN,
            }

# Appearance for labels
labels = {'fontcolor' : WHITE,
            'border' : 2,
            'fgcolor' : RED,
            'bgcolor' : DARKGREEN,
            'font' : font10,
            }

# **** NEXT SCREEN CLASS ****

# Fast populate a textbox
def populate(button, tb):
    s = '''The textbox displays multiple lines of text in a field of fixed dimensions. \
Text may be clipped to the width of the control or may be word-wrapped. If the number \
of lines of text exceeds the height available, scrolling may be performed, either \
by calling a method or by touching the control.
'''
    tb.append(s, ntrim = 100, line = 0)

def clear(button, tb):
    tb.clear()

class FastScreen(Screen):
    def __init__(self, clip):
        super().__init__()
        backbutton()
        tb = Textbox((0, 0), 159, 7, font=font3, clip=clip, tab=64, **tbargs)
        Button((0, 107), text = 'Fill', callback = populate, args = (tb,), **btntable)
        Button((54, 107), text = 'Clear', callback = lambda b, tb: tb.clear(), args = (tb,), **btntable)

# **** TAB SCREEN CLASS ****

def pop_tabs(button, tb):
    s = '''x\t100\t1
alpha\t173\t251
beta\t9184\t876
gamma\t929\t0
abc\tdef\tghi
tabs are text tabs, not decimal tabs.
'''
    tb.append(s)

def clear(button, tb):
    tb.clear()

class TabScreen(Screen):
    def __init__(self, clip):
        super().__init__()
        backbutton()
        tb = Textbox((0, 0), 159, 7, font=font6, clip=clip, tab=50, **tbargs)
        Button((0, 107), text = 'Fill', callback = pop_tabs, args = (tb,), **btntable)
        Button((54, 107), text = 'Clear', callback = lambda b, tb: tb.clear(), args = (tb,), **btntable)

# **** MAIN SCREEEN CLASS ****

# Coroutine slowly populates a text box
async def txt_test(textbox, btns):
    phr0 = ('short', 'longer line', 'much longer line with spaces',
               'antidisestablishmentarianism', 'with\nline break')
    for n in range(len(phr0)):
        textbox.append('Test {:3d} {:s}'.format(n, phr0[n]), 15)
        await asyncio.sleep(1)

    for n in range(n, 15):
        textbox.append('Scroll test {:3d}'.format(n), 15)
        await asyncio.sleep(1)

    if isinstance(btns, tuple):
        for btn in btns:
            btn.greyed_out(False)

# Callback for scroll buttons
def btn_cb(button, tb, n):
    tb.scroll(n)

class SScreen(Screen):
    def __init__(self, clip):
        super().__init__()
        backbutton()
        tb = Textbox((0, 0), 159, 7, font=font3, clip=clip, **tbargs)

        btns = (Button((0, 107), text = 'Up', callback = btn_cb, args = (tb, 1), **btntable),
                Button((54, 107), text = 'Down', callback = btn_cb, args = (tb, -1), **btntable))
        for btn in btns:
            btn.greyed_out(True)  # Disallow until textboxes are populated

        self.reg_task(txt_test(tb, btns))

# **** BASE SCREEN ****

class BaseScreen(Screen):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        table_highlight = [
            {'text' : 'Slow', 'args' : (SScreen, False)},
            {'text' : 'Fast', 'args' : (FastScreen, False)},
            {'text' : 'Tabs', 'args' : (TabScreen, False)},
            {'text' : 'Clip', 'args' : (SScreen, True)},
        ]
        quitbutton()
        def rbcb(button, screen, clip):  # RadioButton callback
            Screen.change(screen, args=(clip,))
        rb = RadioButtons(BLUE, rbcb) # color of selected button
        y = 0
        for t in table_highlight:
            rb.add_button((0, y), font = font10, fgcolor = DARKBLUE,
                          onrelease = False, width = 80, fontcolor = WHITE, **t)
            y += 25

def test():
    print('''Main screen populates text box slowly to show
    wrapping in action. "Fast" screen
    shows fast updates using internal font. "Tab"
    screen shows use of tab characters with Python
    font.
    Text boxes may be scrolled by touching them near
    the top or bottom.''')
    setup()
    Screen.change(BaseScreen)

test()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../style.css" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../print.css" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../prettify.css" type="text/css">
<meta content="Variables,com.google.analytics.utils.Variables,URIencode,post,pre,sort,decode,join,toString,toURLVariables" name="keywords">
<title>com.google.analytics.utils.Variables</title>

Google Analytics Tracking For Adobe Flash	All Packages | All Classes | Index | FramesNo Frames

Class Variables	Properties | Methods

Package	com.google.analytics.utils

Class	public dynamic  class Variables

     The Variables class.

Public Properties

 	Property	Defined by

 	 	post : Array

         The Array representation of all "post" values.

	Variables

 	 	pre : Array

         The Array representation of all "pre" values.

	Variables

 	 	sort : Boolean = true

         The sort flag.

	Variables

 	 	URIencode : Boolean

         The URIencode flag.

	Variables

Public Methods

 	Method	Defined by

Variables(source:String = null, pre:Array = null, post:Array = null)

         Creates a new Variables instance.

	Variables

decode(source:String):void

         Decodes the variable with the specified String source.

	Variables

join(... variables):void

         Joins all passed-in Variables objects.

	Variables

toString():String

         Returns the String representation of the object.

	Variables

toURLVariables():URLVariables

         Returns the URLVariables representation of the object.

	Variables

Property detail

post	property

public var post:Array

         The Array representation of all "post" values.

pre	property

public var pre:Array

         The Array representation of all "pre" values.

sort	property

public var sort:Boolean = true

         The sort flag.

URIencode	property

public var URIencode:Boolean

         The URIencode flag.

Constructor detail

Variables	()	constructor

public function Variables(source:String = null, pre:Array = null, post:Array = null)

         Creates a new Variables instance.

Parameters

	source:String (default = null) — The source name value.

	pre:Array (default = null) — The Array representation of all "pre" values.

	post:Array (default = null) — The Array representation of all "post" values.

Method detail

decode	()	method

public function decode(source:String):void

         Decodes the variable with the specified String source.

Parameters

	source:String

join	()	method

public function join(... variables):void

         Joins all passed-in Variables objects.

Parameters

	... variables — The collection of all variables arguments to join.

toString	()	method

public function toString():String

         Returns the String representation of the object.

Returns

	String — the String representation of the object.

toURLVariables	()	method

public function toURLVariables():URLVariables

         Returns the URLVariables representation of the object.

Returns

	URLVariables — the URLVariables representation of the object.

gaforflash v1.0.1.319 - generated the 04 December 2008


text:
Drought-hit Cape Town should cut down 'alien' trees: study
Cape Town (AFP)
The South African city of Cape Town, which nearly ran out of water this year, could beat future droughts by cutting down non-native trees including pine, acacia and eucalyptus, according to a study released Friday.
The tourist hotspot was weeks away from turning off all household and business taps before strict rationing and much-needed rain enabled it to escape so-called "Day Zero", but severe drought remains a threat.
A report by the Nature Conservancy conservation group said that removing non-native water-hungry trees from catchment areas would be far cheaper than other solutions such as desalination plants.
"Desalination, recycling waste-water, and tapping groundwater supplies cost on average 10 times more to supply each litre of water than clearing invasive trees," the report said.
It said two months of water supply each year could be saved by a $25 million programme over 30 years to clear away invasive alien trees in seven catchment areas that supply three-quarters of Cape Town's water.
Non-native trees, which have spread from commercial plantations and seeded hillsides, are far thirstier than indigenous vegetation such as local "fynbos" plants.
They use more groundwater and interrupt rainfall that would otherwise run off into soil and rivers and feed dams.
Analysis by the US-based Nature Conservancy has shown that an estimated 55.4 billion litres (14.6 billion gallons) of water could be saved within six years if alien plant invasions are tackled.
"To secure our long term water supplies, we need to pursue a range of cost effective strategies. One of those is to clear vegetation in our catchments that reduce the runoff into our dams," said Ian Neilson, Cape Town deputy mayor.
Cape Town dams are currently 70 percent full after good rains, but the city says the threat of drought remains high and has called on residents to continue to restrict water use.


text:
"MAKE HASTE WITH COMMITTING RESOURCES TO COUNTER CYBER HATE AND EXTREMISM" (International Network Against Cyber Hate)
The International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH) is appalled and saddened by the terrorist acts that took place last Friday in Norway, committed by an ultra-nationalist/populist who appears to have radicalised under the influence of online hate and who used the internet to spread his ideas and incited to hatred. We express our sympathies to the victims and their families of this tragedy.
Many governments worldwide, including in Europe, have been ignoring the extreme right, ultra-nationalism and populism and their growth on and through the internet. Some have even stated that Neo-Nazism and right wing extremism had become 'insignificant'. The atrocities in Norway should at least teach that we need to focus on all forms of hate and bigotry.
Over the last 10 years, our network and other NGOs and experts have been trying to sensitize governments worldwide to pay attention and take action on the relationship between online incitement to hatred and the resulting hate crime in real life. Philippe Schmidt, Chair of the INACH network and LICRA Vice-President for International Affairs: "We urge all governments and international institutions like the EU, Council of Europe and the OSCE to make haste with committing resources to counter cyber hate and extremism".
The International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH), is an organisation with members in 19 countries, working on countering cyber hate by removal, education and monitoring.
INACH
Labels: INACH International Network Against Cyber Hate cyber hate onlne racism extremism norway terrorist right wing
EDL founder Stephen Lennon guilty over football brawl (UK)
The founder of the English Defence League has been convicted of leading a brawl involving 100 football fans.
Stephen Lennon, 28, led Luton Town supporters and chanted "EDL till I die", as they clashed with Newport County fans in Luton, a court heard.
Lennon, from Luton, was found guilty of using threatening, abusive or insulting behaviour on 24 August last year.
He was given a 12-month community rehabilitation order and a three-year ban from football by Luton magistrates.
He must also carry out 150 hours of unpaid work and pay £650 in costs.
He denied the charges but was convicted after a trial.
Outside court he said he was being persecuted for his right wing beliefs.
"I am being done for what I am saying rather than what I am doing," he said.
"In the last 12 months I've been banned from protesting, going to the football and my assets have been frozen. It is a police state."
Lennon, a father-of-three who got married on Saturday, was arrested by officers who told him he was being taken into custody for suspected actual bodily harm from an outstanding allegation, which was later discontinued.
The court heard the defendant was "egging on" and "upping the ante" as the two sets of fans fought.
'Incredibly intimidating'
Luton Magistrates' Court was told he had been at the front of the group of Luton fans and gesticulated "come on then" at his opponents.
Timothy North, prosecuting, said two groups of opposing fans appeared close to Luton Town's Kenilworth Road ground five minutes before the evening kick-off.
"Officers noticed the presence of Mr Lennon in the group, at the head of the Luton Town supporters," he said.
"The impression was he was egging them on. At one stage he was alleged to have shouted the words 'EDL'."
Mr North said "there would have been a substantial degree of fighting" if police had not intervened.
However, a brawl involving about 100 fans did erupt, with only seven officers present to deal with it.
'Looking for trouble'
PC Robert Field, who was an acting sergeant in charge of six colleagues, said the officers wielded their batons in a bid to stop the men fighting.
He described the situation as "incredibly intimidating" to the public and said it was "clearly going to get out of control".
PC Field said: "[Lennon] was a prominent person at the front of the group, giving a 'come on then' gesture.
"I could see he was being looked at; he was holding the line of the Luton fans.
"He was being looked at to say: 'Do we go now?'."
Lennon was the only person charged over the incident.
District Judge Carolyn Mellanby told him: "I am entirely satisfied you were at the front of this group of angry Luton supporters looking for trouble when you were confronted by the group of Newport supporters who were also angry and fired up looking for trouble."
Labels: tommy robinson edl stephen lennon english defence league guilty footbal violence
Goodspeed Analysis: Extreme right rising throughout Europe
Norwegian police and intelligence agencies across Europe are trying to determine whether confessed mass murderer Anders Breivik had any accomplices.
Fears he might send coded messages to associates, if he appeared in open court, may have played a role in Monday's decision to close his arraignment to the media and public. The possibility of an international conspiracy has riveted attention on far-right extremists, who have surged to prominence across Europe in the past decade.
Far-right parties have made electoral breakthroughs in Denmark, the Netherlands, Hungary, Sweden, Austria, France and Italy.
They have also driven heated debates across the continent over immigration, Islam and integration, and influenced the policies of mainstream parties and governments, pushing Europe into a new era of doubt and division.
France has banned the burqa and launched a campaign to deport illegally settled gypsies (Roma); Swiss voters voted to ban the construction of minarets on mosques; and the government in the Netherlands relies on the support of the Dutch Freedom Party, led by Geert Wilders, who compares the Koran with Mein Kampf and campaigned to have the book banned.
Austria's xenophobic Freedom Party recently won 27% of the vote in Vienna's local elections and is poised to make gains in national elections in 2013. In Sweden, a party with neo-Nazi roots, the Sweden Democrats, came out of nowhere to win 20 seats in national elections last September. In Finland, the True Finns, a populist nationalist party, became the third largest party in parliament when it got 19% of the vote in elections in April.
And in Norway, the Progress Party, which Breivik belonged to for nine years before he quit in 2006, came within a whisker of seizing power in 2009 and is the second-largest in the country.
Appealing to a sense of grievance and lost national identity, exacerbated by economic recession, far-right parties lash out against immigrants, globalization, the European Union and multiculturalism.
"Parties on the radical right have been major players in Europe for at least a decade," said David Art, a political scientist at Tufts University, near Boston, who wrote a book on the development of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe.
"They have been growing since the 1980s, when you first started getting complaints about immigrants taking jobs and filling up public housing. But by the 1990s, you saw the rise of cultural issues. Not only are immigrants taking over jobs, they are seen as changing the complexion of society. People would say, 'I no longer feel at home in Oslo or Stockholm or Berlin,' " he said.
"Since 9/11 you have the anti-Islam element as a defining issue. The debate becomes whether [Muslim] values are compatible with ours."
Breivik, a gun-loving extremist who was obsessed with what he called the "Islamic colonization of Europe," boasted in his online manifesto of ties with other European right-wing radicals. He advocated the creation of a Norwegian version of the English Defence League, which campaigns against what it perceives to be the spread of Islam, sharia law and Islamic extremism in Britain. He also contributed to a host of neo-Nazi Internet forums.
"People like Breivik may act in isolation, but they represent a set of ideas that are shared by many," said Matthew Goodwin, an expert on far-right politics at the University of Nottingham in Britain.
The man's Internet postings "reveal an obsession with issues that are of concern to many within the broader right-wing subculture," Prof. Goodwin said.
These include "a preoccupation with the effects of multiculturalism; the perceived cultural threat posed by immigration and Muslim communities; criticism of a lack of effective responses to these threats from established main parties; and strong emphasis on the need to take radical and urgent action."
What set Breivik apart, says Hagai Segal, a security specialist at New York University in London, was his choice of targets.
"If he had blown up the Prime Minister in his office and then gone on to attack a mosque, it would have played into the far-right," he said.
"But the fact he killed people who were the kind of people the far-right wants to recruit, means a lot of far-right groups are going to be actively trying to distance themselves from this act."
Still, Breivik may have his share of sympathizers and possible copycats.
Last year, Terrance Gavan, a former soldier and British National Party member who shared many of his concerns, was sentenced to 11 years in jail for manufacturing 54 nail bombs and possessing a staggering supply of weapons and explosives.
In an echo of the Norwegian's Internet postings, Gavan kept a handwritten journal in which he declared, "Patriots must always be ready to defend his country against enemies and their governments."
Labels: Anders Breivik edl english defence league bnp british national party terence gavan le pen far right racist racism islamophobia muslims terrorists europe
Nick Griffin re-elected BNP leader ahead of Andrew Brons (UK)
Nick Griffin has been re-elected as leader of the British National Party, according to the party's website.
It said he received 1,157 votes and his opponent, Andrew Brons MEP, received 1,148. Eleven papers were spoiled.
The website quoted Mr Griffin as saying the "time for division and disruption is over" and urging members of his party to "go forward together".
In May, the BNP, which has been hit by divisions, lost many of the seats it held on local councils in England.
Labels: Nick Griffin bnp british national party andrew brons leadership racist racism far right
"MAKE HASTE WITH COMMITTING RESOURCES TO COUNTER C...
EDL founder Stephen Lennon guilty over football br...
Goodspeed Analysis: Extreme right rising throughou...
Nick Griffin re-elected BNP leader ahead of Andrew...


Short Term Payment plans and boarding can be arranged on some of the horses that I have for sale. A deposit of 25% will hold your horse till pickup(within a reasonable time), all deposits are non refundable or at descrection of seller. All if any known unsoundnesses will be disclosed. Once payment/deposit is paid by the buyer the horse becomes the property of the buyer and therefore the responsability of the buyer. While the horse is awaiting pickup all care will be given to the best of the sellers ability and in the same fashion that the horse is accustomed to unless other instructions are agreed upon by seller and buyer.
I have haltered her and she has drug a rope she just needs someone to spend some time with her. She is super gentle and you can touch her any place, not spooky and stalls or pasture is fine with her.Will be broke to lead before leaving.
Homozygous Tobiano & Black Also has Creme and Dun Genes.
This is a nice colt with a very sweet disposition. He is a very pretty mover, has a lot of potential. He strings to be apx 16 hands when mature. Lots of performance in his pedigree.
I will be cutting way back this year on my mares. My main interest is good homes for them. If you are interested in one let me know. I have been trying to cut back for a few years and am getting more and more determined so maybe I will get it done.


Safety and energy efficiency are two of the key issues in the maritime transport community. A sail plan system, which combines the concepts of weather routing and voyage optimization, are recognized by the shipping industry as an efficient measure to ensure a ship's safety, gain more economic benefit, and reduce negative effects on our environment. In such a system, the key component is to develop a proper optimization algorithm to generate potential ship routes between a ship's departure and destination. In the weather routing market, four routing optimization algorithms are commonly used. They are the so-called modified Isochrone and Isopone methods, dynamic programming, three dimensional dynamic programming, and Dijkstra's algorithm, respectively. Each optimization algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages to estimate a ship routing with shortest sailing time or/and minimum fuel consumption. This paper will present a benchmark study that compares these algorithms for routing optimization aiming at minimum fuel consumption. A merchant ship sailing in the North Atlantic with full-scale performance measurements are employed as the case study vessels for the comparison. The ship's speed/power performance is based on the ISO2015 methods combined with the measurement data. It is expected to demonstrate the pros and cons of different algorithms for the ship's sail planning.


This holiday home is located in an old Danish fishing village 100 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark by the name of Kikhavn. The home was designed by the architect Mette Lange of the architectural firm . It has an area of 128 square meters and the project was carried out in 2015.


My name is Tracy Gould Sheinin and since 1999, I have helped thousands of clients navigate the difficult process of divorce. As an expert mediator, I specialize in assisting couples work through complicated and emotional issues to reach a fair, thorough, and satisfactory resolution.
Hold a B.A. in psychology and an M.A. in Peace Studies with a focus on Conflict Resolution.
Worked with thousands of clients in thousands of cases.
Completed hundreds of hours of training in domestic, civil, employment, juvenile, education, elementary peer, community, victim-offender, and elder care areas of mediation and arbitration practice.
Provided hundreds of hours of mediation training in basic, community, truancy, and advanced subject matters.
Founded the SC Chapter of the Association for Conflict Resolution.
Member of the Georgia Office of Dispute Resolution.
Serves private mediation services to clients with or without attorneys.
Works regularly with the ADR offices in DeKalb, Fulton, Clayton, and Cobb counties.


5 library entries have a pin. You can zoom in and click on the pins to see details about the publication.
FSM4 was held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, where the State Government has recently initiated measures to address FSM with regard to policy, regulatory changes, innovative solutions, and pilots. FSM4 focused on innovative and practical solutions that can be scaled up.
Find below in chronological order the keynote presentations during the conference.


Hello Sean. I recently e-mailed you requesting a link for the 5.0 update but recieved no reply. I don't know if you just haven't checked e-mails recently or its been junk mailed but if you could get back to me with the link it would be much appreciated.


Washington, PA --- Hitman Hill and American History each scored in Saturday's (June 21) eliminations for the Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids at The Meadows and will lead the field into next Saturday's $400,000 final. Also making the nine-horse final field are Done Well, Wes Delight, Summer Travel, Dorsoduro Hanover, Thinkgbig Dreambig, and Babes Dig Me as well as GD Western Joe, who earned a berth as the fifth-place finisher with higher career earnings.
Hitman Hill captured the first Adios elimination by a nose in 1:50.
The connections of Hitman Hill and American History will choose their post positions, with the selection order determined by draw, with the other post positions determined by open draw. That draw is set for 12:30 p.m. Tuesday and can be seen on Meadows Live!
Hitman Hill was on top past the quarter when his driver, Brett Miller, opted to release the favorite, Dorsuduro Hanover, who had been outside every step.
At the top of the stretch, Miller, still in the pocket, had another choice to make: outside or Lightning Lane.
Hitman Hill edged Dorsoduro Hanover by a nose in 1:50, with the fast-closing Thinkbig Dreambig third. Chris Oakes trains the American Ideal-Fox Valley Shaker gelding for Tom Hill and Northfork Racing Stable.
American History had been racing hell bent for the front, a strategy that put him on the board in North America Cup and Meadowlands Pace eliminations but got him cooked in the finals of those events. His regular pilot, Yannick Gingras, indicated before Saturday's race that he might try a more reserved approach. But when an opportunity to quarter-pole to the lead arose, American History and Gingras took it. The son of American Ideal-Perfect Touch opened a 3-1/2-length lead into the final turn and ultimately downed Done Well by 1-1/4 lengths in 1:51, with early leader Wes Delight third.
Tony Alagna, who conditions American History for Brittany Farms, Marvin Katz and American History Racing, agreed with Gingras' decision.
Grand Circuit action will be held this weekend at three different racetracks.
Brian Brown is ready to get a renewed look at a refreshed Done Well, who returns to action for the first time in three weeks as the 5-2 morning-line favorite in Saturday's first of two eliminations for the Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids at The Meadows. Done Well, who was second to Lather Up in mid-June's North America Cup, got time off following a fourth-place finish in the consolation division of the Max C. Hempt Memorial on June 30.
Done Well and Dorsoduro Hanover have been installed as the 5-2 and 2-1 morning line favorites, respectively, in Saturday's eliminations for the $450,000 (est.) Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids at The Meadows.
When Larry Karr met Larry Karr, the earth moved. Reunited now after several years apart, the pair will try to recapture the magic when Larry Karr, the human, sends Larry Karr, the 3-year-old gelding he co-owns, after Adios orchids. The 52nd edition of the $450,000 (est.) Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids kicks off Saturday at The Meadows with a pair of eliminations that go as races 12 and 13.
Eliminations for the $450,000 (est.) Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids highlight Saturday's (July 21) card at The Meadows, but fans of 2-year-old racing will enjoy an additional treat: 66 freshman colt and gelding pacers will compete in a pair of stakes spread over 10 divisions worth a total of $312,112.
Saturday's (July 21) Adios eliminations card at The Meadows also featured 66 freshman colt and gelding pacers vying for total purses of $312,112 — and to demonstrate they have what it takes to be champions. Indeed, several of them showed just that.
Hitman Hill will leave from post three and American History from post four in Saturday's $400,000 final of the Delvin Miller Adios Pace for the Orchids at The Meadows. As winners of Adios eliminations, the connections of that pair earned the right to select their post positions for the final, with Hitman Hill choosing first after winning a draw. All other post positions in the nine-horse field were chosen by random draw Tuesday.


We have developed a technology that controls the positioning and movement of fuel with acoustic waves. Space missions depend upon various fuel systems to work and in microgravity environments the fuel used is dominated by capillary forces which cause them to coalesce into large droplets or cling to tank walls, which means that optimum fuel usage cannot be achieved. Magna Parva's Acoustic Fuel Manipulation development aim was to investigate and demonstrate methods that use acoustic streaming to trap propellant in predetermined locations and allow for optimum fuel usage.
To begin the process we researched into state-of-the-art multi phase fluid dynamics modelling. From the research obtained and knowledge of our engineers we designed, built and operated the test chamber in order to father data which was subsequently used to correlate and verify mathematical models. We achieved acoustic fuel manipulation through a number of tasks; acoustic modelling (a computer model examining the interaction between the acoustic waves and the liquid it's travelling through), analysis, and implementation of a ground test bench that works at both room and cryogenic temperatures. This technology was then used to create a concept for Ariane 5's oxidiser tank using the acoustic fuel manipulation technology.
This technology enables maximal fuel usage allowing optimisation of the fuel mass providing more efficient overall systems.
The technology could be applied to fuel on board Spacecraft to save significant mass by reducing waste fuel and ancillary fuel tank elements such as baffles.


Long-term experiments in Romania demonstrated that in clay loam soil, ploughing as basic tillage can be replaced by discing for 1-2 years. Minimum soil cultivation was inadequate. For seedbed preparation, good results were obtained with a disc harrow in combination with a toothed harrow, resulting in good incorporation of plant residues and more efficient control of perennial weeds. Herbicides proved helpful but not a substitute in controlling weeds.


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"But it is also a quintessentially Brazilian way of laundering money and contributes greatly to the problem of impunity in this country." 4 The bicheiros were arrested for criminal association and forming armed gangs.


text:
package org.apache.struts2.tiles;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderFactory;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.tiles.evaluator.AbstractAttributeEvaluator;
import org.apache.tiles.request.Request;
import org.apache.tiles.request.servlet.ServletUtil;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public class I18NAttributeEvaluator extends AbstractAttributeEvaluator {

    private static final Logger LOG = LogManager.getLogger(I18NAttributeEvaluator.class);

    @Override
    public Object evaluate(String expression, Request request) {
        Object result = expression;

        HttpServletRequest httpRequest = ServletUtil.getServletRequest(request).getRequest();
        ActionContext ctx = ServletActionContext.getActionContext(httpRequest);

        if (ctx == null) {
            LOG.error("Cannot obtain HttpServletRequest from [{}]", request.getClass().getName());
            throw new ConfigurationException("There is no ActionContext for current request!");
        }

        TextProviderFactory tpf = ctx.getContainer().getInstance(TextProviderFactory.class);
        TextProvider textProvider = tpf.createInstance(ctx.getActionInvocation().getAction().getClass());

        if (textProvider != null) {
            LOG.debug("Trying find text [{}] using TextProvider {}", expression, textProvider);
            result = textProvider.getText(expression);
        }
        return result;
    }

}