text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The correlation induced metal-insulator transition in the half-filled Hubbard model
is one of the fundamental topics in strongly correlated electron systems.\cite{Gebhard}
The Hamiltonian of the Hubbard model is given as
\begin{equation}
H  =  -t \sum_{ij, \s} (c_{i\s}^\dag c_{j\s} + \mr{H. c.})
     + U \sum_{i}       n_{i\up} n_{i\dn} - \mu \sum_{i,\s} n_{i\s},
\end{equation}
where
$t$ is the hopping integral between neighboring sites,
$U$ is the on-site Coulomb interaction strength, and
$\mu$ is the chemical potential maintaining the average particle density at half filling.
This is achieved by setting  $\mu = U/2$ due to the presence of the particle-hole symmetry.
$c_{i\s}^\dag$ ($c_{i\s}$) denotes the creation (annihilation) operator
of an electron with spin direction $\s$ ($= \up, \dn$) on the $i$-th site and
$n_{i \s} = c_{i\s}^\dag c_{i\s}$ is the number operator.
Hereafter we use $t = 1$ as the unit of energy.

On the square lattice, assuming the paramagnetic state,
the critical Coulomb interaction for the metal-insulator transition ($U_c$)
is roughly equivalent to the band width, as
has been estimated by various numerical methods such as the
cluster-extended dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT), \cite{Zhang,Park}
variational cluster approximation (VCA), \cite{Balzer} and
variational Monte Carlo method. \cite{Miyagawa}
If the antiferromagnetism (AFM) is allowed, however,
the system immediately goes into the antiferromagnetic insulator state
by switching on $U$, i.e., $U_{\mr{AF}} = 0$,
due to  the perfect nesting of the Fermi surface
with the nesting vector $\mb{Q}=(\pi,\pi)$.

On the honeycomb lattice, situation is different from that of the square lattice.
The tight-binding band dispersion exhibits a semimetallic (SM) behavior
with the Dirac cones at the corners of the hexagonal Brillouin zone (K and K' points) and
vanishing density of states at the Fermi level.
The perfect nesting of the Fermi surface is absent due to the point-like Fermi surface and
thus the critical Coulomb interactions for the semimetal-insulator transition
(SMIT) and AFM transition can differ from those of the square lattice.

So far, the quantum phase transitions in the honeycomb lattice
have been investigated by various theoretical and numerical studies.
A renormalization group analysis in the large-$N$ limit, \cite{Herbut} where $N$ is the number of fermion flavor,
predicted that, if the analysis holds in the physical case $N=2$,
the SM-AFM transition occurs at a finite $U/t$ value.
The Mott transition in a paramagnetic state has been studied by
DMFT calculations, \cite{Tran, Jafari}
where the SMIT is shown to occur at relatively large interaction strength ($U_{c} \gtrsim 10$).
Since the honeycomb lattice is the two-dimensional lattice
with the smallest coordination number (three neighbors),
spatial correlations neglected in DMFT should be taken into account and
thus CDMFT studies have also been performed.
A finite-temperature CDMFT with continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver
anticipated $U_c=3.3$ at zero temperature limit. \cite{Wu}
Another finite-temperature CDMFT with exact-diagonalization solver by Liebsch~\cite{Liebsch}
showed that the critical interaction is about $U_c=3-4$,
but the explicit value of $U_c$ was not found due to the difficulty from limitation of the energy resolution.
Recently, He and Lu~\cite{He} showed that
the SMIT occurs at $U_c=0$ and AMF transition is of the first order
with the lower and upper critical Coulomb interactions
$U_{\mr{AF}1} = 4.6$ and $U_{\mr{AF}2} = 4.85$.
Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations have also been performed by various authors. \cite{Sorella, Furukawa, Meng, Sorella2}
In particular, the discovery of a spin-liquid phase
between $U_c=3.5$ and $U_{\mr{AF}} = 4.3$ by Meng \textit{et al.}, \cite{Meng}
has attracted much attention and stimulated researches on this issue.
Recently, however, a large scale QMC up to 2592 sites
by Sorella \textit{et al.} ruled out the existence of the spin liquid state
and found a direct SM-AFM transition at $U_{\mr{AF}} = 3.76 \pm 0.04$. \cite{Sorella2}
All in all, critical behaviors near the SMIT and AFM of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice
are rather controversial than those on the square lattice.

In this paper, motivated by such developments in the field,
we study the AFM and SMIT in the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice
by VCA with exact-diagonalization solver. \cite{Potthoff1, Potthoff2, Potthoffbook, SenechalReview}
We first calculate the AFM order parameter as a function of $U$
with various clusters such as $L_c= 6, 8, 10$ and $(L_c,L_b)=(6,6)$ clusters, where
$L_{c}$ and $L_{b}$ are the number of correlated sites and bath sites, respectively
(see Fig.\ref{fig0}).
Then, to study the SMIT,
the single-particle excitation spectra and single-particle gap are calculated as a function of $U$.
We thus show that
$U_{c}$ is in fact vanishingly small and
therefore the paramagnetic insulating phase appears in a wide interaction strength.
We also calculate the spin correlation functions and
find the development of localized moments,
whereby the validity of effective spin models is discussed.
We thus show that VCA is a suitable method to study the above issues
not only because it can take into account the spatial correlations important in low-dimensional systems,
but also because it can be performed at zero temperature where the thermal fluctuations are absent and
thus it can achieve a high energy-resolution essential for determining the SMIT.

\section{METHOD OF CALCULATION}
\subsection{Variational cluster approximation}
We employ the VCA\cite{Potthoff1, Potthoff2, Potthoffbook, SenechalReview} to study the SMIT and AFM
of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice at zero temperature.
In order to study AFM, we introduce the staggered magnetic field
\begin{equation}
H_{h'} = h' \sum_{i, \s} \mr{sign}(i) \s n_{i\s},
\end{equation}
where $\mr{sign}(i)= +1 (-1)$ for $i\in A(B)$-sublattice on the honeycomb lattice.
Moreover, for the $(L_c,L_b) = (6,6)$ cluster, we introduce the bath hybridization
\begin{equation}
H_{V'} = V'        \sum_{i, \s} (c_{i\s}^\dag a_{i\s} + \mr{H. c.})
       + \eps_{a}' \sum_{i, \s}  a_{i\s}^\dag a_{i\s},
\end{equation}
where $a_{i\s}^\dag$ ($a_{i\s}$) denotes the creation (annihilation) operator of an electron with spin direction $\s$
on the $i$-th bath site and $V'$ is the hybridization between correlated sites and bath sites.
The bath level is fixed at $\eps_{a}' = U/2$
so as to keep the average particle density of the correlated sites at half filling.
Thus the fictitious magnetic field $h'$ and hybridization strength $V'$ are the variational parameters.
The eigenvalue problems for the Hamiltonian $H' = H + H_{h'} + H_{V'}$ defined on the small clusters are solved and
the single-particle Green's functions are calculated by the Lanczos exact-diagonalization method.
Then the grand-potential functional $\Omega(h',V')$ is calculated from the Green's functions and the stationarity
point $(\partial \Omega/\partial h', \partial \Omega/ \partial V') = (0,0)$ is searched to find the physical solution.

Note that there are other possible variational parameters; e.g.,
enhancement of the hopping integrals between the correlated sites ($\Delta t$) and
the hopping integrals between the bath sites ($t_{\mr{bath}}$).
We have checked these variational parameters
for some $U$ values on the $(L_c, L_b) = (6,6)$ cluster
and found that the optimal values are $|\Delta t| < 0.15$ and $|t_{\mr{bath}}| < 0.15$ and
the optimal $V'$ values are affected only by $\sim 0.01|V'|$
in the presence of these $\Delta t$ or $t_{\mr{bath}}$,
and moreover the change in the ground-state energy is negligible.
Thus we omit the variations with respect to $\Delta t$ and $t_{\mr{bath}}$.
The similar discussion on the irrelevance of these variational parameters
in the variational processes has been made
by Balzer \textit{et al.}\cite{Balzer}
for the half-filled Hubbard model on the square lattice.

\subsection{Cluster perturbation theory}
We use the cluster perturbation theory (CPT)\cite{Senechal1,Senechal2,Senechalbook}
to obtain the
lattice Green's function
\begin{equation}
G_\mr{latt}^\alpha (\mb{k},\w) =
\frac{1}{L_{\mr{c}}}
\sum_{i,j\in \alpha}^{L_{\mr{c}}}
G^{\mr{CPT}}_{ij}(\mb{k},\w) e^{-i \mb{k} \cdot (\mb{r}_i - \mb{r}_j)}.
\end{equation}
Here,
$\alpha$ ($=A,B$) denotes the sublattice index,
$\mb{r}_{i}$ is the position of the $i$-th site in the cluster, and
\begin{equation}
{G}^{\mr{CPT}}(\mb{k},\w) = {G}'(\w) [I-{V}(\mb{k}){G}'(\w)] ^{-1}
\end{equation}
is the CPT Green's function,\cite{Senechal1, Senechal2,Senechalbook} where
${G}'(\w)$ is the Green's function matrix of the cluster
and ${V}(\mb{k})$ represents the hopping matrix between the clusters.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10.5pc]{fig1.eps}
\caption{
Clusters used in the present work.
(a) $L_c = 8$,
(b) $(L_c, L_b) = (6,6)$,
(c) $L_c =6$, and
(d) $L_c=10$.
Filled (empty) circles represents the sites
on the A (B)-sublattice of the honeycomb lattice and
squares in (b) represents the bath sites.
\label{fig0}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\section{RESULTS OF CALCULATION}
\subsection{Staggered magnetization}
Figure~\ref{fig1} shows the $U$ dependence of the staggered magnetization defined as
\begin{equation}
m =  \frac{1}{2} \sum_{i\s} \mr{sign} (i) \s \bra n_{i\s} \ket \label{mag},
\end{equation}
where $\bra \cdots \ket$ denotes the ground-state expectation value
calculated by use of the CPT Green's function. \cite{SenechalReview}
A mean-field-theory (MFT) result reproduced from Ref.~\onlinecite{Bercx} is also shown.
We fine that $U_{\mr{AF}}$ strongly depends on the shape of the clusters,
i.e., $U_{\mr{AF}} = $ 3.8, 1.5, 2.7, and 3.7
for $L_{c} = $ 6, 8, 10, and $(L_c, L_b) = (6,6)$, respectively.
The order parameter increases continuously with increasing $U$ from $U_{\mr{AF}}$,
and thus the transition is of the second-order.
The characteristic linear increase of the order parameter $m \propto U-U_{\mr{AF}}$ near $U \approx U_{\mr{AF}}$
derived by the MFT~\cite{Sorella} is also observed in the VCA results.
Focusing on the results for the $L_c=6$ and $(L_c, L_b)=(6,6)$ clusters,
we find that the bath degrees of freedom do not much affect the values of both $U_{\mr{AF}}$ and $m$.
Our result $U_{\mr{AF}} = 3.7$ obtained for  the hexagonal cluster
shows a remarkable agreement with the large-scale QMC simulation ($ U_{\mr{AF}} = 3.76 \pm 0.04$) \cite{Sorella2}
and reasonable agreement with the results of other previous studies. \cite{Sorella, Furukawa, Meng, He}
On the other hand, $U_{\mr{AF}}$ calculated for the $L_{c}=$ 8 and 10 clusters
are lower than that obtained by the MFT ($U_{\mr{AF}} = 3.2$).
Actually, being different from the $L_c=8$ and $10$ clusters,
the hexagonal clusters do not suffer from boundary effects and
spatial homogeneity is kept as it should be in the thermodynamic limit.
Thus we conclude that $L_{c}=6$ and $(L_{c}, L_{b})=(6,6)$ clusters are
the relevant choice of the clusters and hereafter we show the results of this choice.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=16pc]{fig2.eps}
\caption{
(Color online)
$U$ dependence of the staggered magnetization $m$
calculated for various clusters (see also Fig.~\ref{fig0}).
The mean-field result (solid line) is reproduced from Ref.~\onlinecite{Bercx}.
\label{fig1}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Single-particle excitation}
Next we calculate the single-particle excitation spectra defined as
\begin{equation}
A(\mb{k},\w) = - \frac {1}{\pi}  \Im \sum_{\alpha = A,B} G_{\mr{latt}}^\alpha (\mb{k}, \w+i \eta), \label{Akw}
\end{equation}
where a small imaginary part $\eta$ of the complex frequency represents
the Lorentzian broadening for the spectra.
We use $\eta = 0.1$.
The calculated results from $U=0$ to $5$ for a paramagnetic state
with the $(L_c, L_b)=(6,6)$ cluster are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig2}.
At $U=4$, the spectra on the  $\Gamma$-K and $\Gamma$-M lines
become less dispersive, indicating the localized nature of electrons.
On the contrary, on the K-M line (at the edge of the hexagonal Brillouin zone),
the spectra remain to have quasiparticle-like sharp peaks even for $U \geq 4$.
At $U=5$, the upper and lower Hubbard bands appear clearly
with a large intensity at $\w \sim \pm U$.
Although the single-particle gap exists clearly at $U = 5$,
it is hard to judge when the gap opens by increasing $U$
due to the artificial Lorentzian broadening $\eta$.
Thus we estimate the single-particle gap
in a different way discussed in the next subsection.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=20pc]{fig3.eps}
\caption{
Single-particle excitation spectra $A(\mb{k},\w)$ calculated for a paramagnetic state.
Inset: definition of the $\Gamma$, M, and K points in the first Brillouin zone.
\label{fig2}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Single-particle gap}
The single-particle gap is defined as
\begin{equation}
\Delta = \mu^+  - \mu^-, \label{gap1}
\end{equation}
where $\mu^{+(-)}$ is the upper (lower) bound of the chemical potential.
Since $\mu^{+(-)}$ can be evaluated by calculating the particle density
by integrating the CPT Green's function
along the imaginary frequency axis, \cite{SenechalReview}
$\Delta$ does not suffer from the artificial Lorentzian broadening.

Another way to estimate the single-particle gap is
to evaluate the intensity of the self-energy at the Fermi level.
The lattice self-energy $\Sigma_{\mr{latt}} (\mb{k},\w)$
can be calculated from  $G^{-1}_{\mr{latt}}(\mb{k},\w)$ through the Dyson equation.
The intensity of the self-energy at the K point on the  Fermi level
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{\mr{K}} =  -\w \Im \Sigma_{\mr{latt}} (\mr{K},i \w) |_{\w \rightarrow 0}
\end{equation}
is related to the single-particle gap in the following way.
It is known that the self-energy has only the simple poles
on the real frequency axis.
Thus, if the single-particle gap exists, the self-energy near the Fermi-level has the form
$\Sigma_{\mr{latt}} (\mr{K},\w) \approx \frac{\sigma_{\mr{K}}}{\w}$.
Therefore the lattice Green's function at the K point near the Fermi level is approximately given as
$
G_{\mr{latt}}(\mr{K},\w) \approx
\frac{1}{2} \left(
\frac{1}{\w - \sqrt{\sigma_{\mr{K}}} } +
\frac{1}{\w + \sqrt{\sigma_{\mr{K}}} } \right),
$
i.e., the self-energy splits the spectrum above and below the Fermi level with the single-particle gap
\begin{equation}
\Delta \simeq 2 \sqrt{\sigma_{\mr{K}}}. \label{gap2}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=16pc]{fig4.eps}
\caption{
(Color online)
(a)
$U$ dependence of the single-particle gap $\Delta$
calculated from Eq.~(\ref{gap1}) (triangles) and Eq.~(\ref{gap2}) (inverted triangles).
$(L_c,L_b)=(6,6)$ cluster is used for the calculation.
(b)
$U$ dependence of the single-particle gap from Eq.~(\ref{gap2})
calculated for $L_c=6$ and $(L_c,L_b)=(6,6)$ clusters.
\label{gapsmallU}}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{gapsmallU} (a) shows
the $U$-dependence of the single-particle gap estimated from
the chemical potential difference Eq.~(\ref{gap1}) and
intensity of the self-energy Eq.~(\ref{gap2}).
Although the gap is extremely small ($<0.001t$ for $U<0.2$), the two results nicely coincide.
We thus find that, even at $U=0.1$, a small but finite single-particle gap exists.
We may therefore conclude that the single-particle gap opens at infinitesimally small values of $U$,
just like in the one-dimensional Hubbard model at half filling, i.e., $U_c = 0$.
To see the effect of bath sites,
we show the results for the $L_c=6$ and $(L_c, L_b) = (6,6)$ clusters in Fig.~\ref{gapsmallU} (b).
For $U \geq U_{\mr{AF}}$, results for both the AFM and paramagnetic states are shown.
We find that the introduction of the bath sites significantly reduces the magnitude of the gap
but it cannot close the gap, as we have seen in Fig. \ref{gapsmallU} (a).
For large $U$ regime, the gap increases linearly with $U$,
as it should be in the Mott insulator.

\subsection{Spin correlation function}
Figure \ref{SiSj} shows the $U$ dependence of the spin correlation function in the cluster
\begin{equation}
S_{1i}  =  \bra \Psi_{0} | S_{1}^z S_{i}^z |\Psi_{0} \ket,
\end{equation}
where $|\Psi_{0} \ket$ is the ground state of the $(L_c,L_b) = (6,6) $ cluster
with the optimal hybridization $V'$
and $S_{i}^z = \sum_{\s} \s n_{i\s} /2$ is the spin operator for the correlated site $i$.
Positions of $i$-th sites are defined in the inset of Fig. \ref{SiSj}.
Calculations are done in the paramagnetic state.
For comparison, the same quantities for a 6-site Heisenberg model
with the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction are shown by arrows.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=16pc]{fig5.eps}
\caption{
(Color online)
$U$ dependence of the spin correlation function of the $(L_c, L_b) = (6,6)$ cluster.
Arrows indicate $S_{11}, S_{13}, S_{14}, $ and $S_{12}$ (from top to bottom)
for a 6-site Heisenberg model with the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction.
Inset: definition of the site index $i$.}
\label{SiSj}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The on-site correlation function $S_{11}$ represents
the development of the local moment.
It increases monotonically and almost linearly with increasing $U$
from   $S_{11}=0.125$ in the non-interacting limit
toward $S_{11}=0.25 $ in the  localized spin limit.
The second- and third-neighbor correlation functions
$S_{13}$ and $|S_{14}|$ take small values for $U \lesssim 4$.
This indicates that, although the single-particle gap is finite,
electrons still keep their itinerancy and spin correlations
beyond the neighboring sites are not developed,
unlike in the Heisenberg model.
Thus, to investigate the spin-liquid nature from an effective spin model,
the Heisenberg model with high $t/U$-order exchange interactions should  be necessary.
Antiferromagnetic correlations between the neighboring sites $|S_{12}|$,
as well as $S_{13}$ and $|S_{14}|$, start increasing from $U \sim 4$,
where the electrons begin to localize and local moments are developed.
This is consistent with the emergence of the AFM at $U_{\mr{AF}} = 3.7$ and
the spectral signature of electron localization (see Fig.~\ref{fig2}).
In this interaction regime, the Heisenberg model with the nearest-neighbor exchange interaction
may be appropriate for an effective low-energy model of the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice.

\section{SUMMARY}
We have studied the semimetal-insulator transition (SMIT) and
antiferromagnetism (AFM)  in the half-filled Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice
within the variational cluster approximation (VCA).
The AFM transition was found to be of the second order and
the critical Coulomb interaction for the AFM ($U_{\mr{AF}}$)
obtained in the hexagonal clusters showed a remarkable agreement with the recent
large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation. \cite{Sorella2}
The single-particle gap has been calculated down to $U=0.1$ and found to be finite.
Thus we concluded that the critical Coulomb interaction for the SMIT is $U_c=0$.

The extremely small gap obtained by our zero-temperature calculations
in the small $U$ regime suggests that
the careful evaluation of the single-particle gap is required
for the SMIT on the honeycomb lattice.
In the paramagnetic insulating state,
we have calculated the spin-correlation functions
and found that the local moments are not developed.
Thus we concluded that, the high $t/U$-order exchange interactions should be necessary
to investigate the spin-liquid state from effective spin models.
\section{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
We thank
R. Eder and Y. Fuji
for stimulating discussions.
K.S. acknowledges support from the JSPS Research Fellowship for Young Scientists.
This work was supported by Kakenhi Grant No. 22540363 of Japan.
A part of the computations was done at the research Center for Computational Science, Okazaki, Japan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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SiriusXM Presents Slash Ft. Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators at Whisky a Go Go; Performance to air on SiriusXM's Octane channel and on Howard Stern's Howard 101 channel
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SiriusXM Presents Slash Ft. Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators at Whisky a Go Go
Performance to air on SiriusXM's Octane channel and on Howard Stern's Howard 101 channel
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text:
AIOU Solved Assignment 1& 2 Code 4654 Spring 2020
AIOU Solved Assignments code MSc 4654 Spring 2020 Assignment 1& 2 Course:Pakistani Perspectives of Gender Studies Spring 2020. AIOU past papers
Pakistani Perspectives of Gender Studies (4654) MSc (2 Years)
Q 1. What are the different forms of exploitation and discrimination used against women workers in factories? (20)
The problems of working women, she explained that they have to face different types of difficulties and harassments. Harassment, in different manifestations from staring and stalking to sexual advances, is fear for many of them. Women do not generally feel intellectually challenged in their pursuits; rather they face psychological pressures, which restrict their active participation in work. Such annoying behavior is not limited to any specific society or any section of society; even the employers, highly educated bosses and government officials, also cause concerns. The fear of Police is more common in women than men, and they avoid going to the police station for registering a complaint for any offending incident. It is unfortunate that citizens feel more defenseless in the presence of a police official. A woman is always apprehensive of likelihood of harassment from the policemen. Police needs to be sensitized on gender issues, and made human friendly in their responses to the public complaints. A woman would go to a police station only if she is provided with a secure and trustworthy environment.
Developments in contemporary society and women:
The economic role of women is clearly defined, and is well-acknowledged, as far as faith and tradition is concerned, but the developments in contemporary society have created new issues, to be considered in this respect. However, the share of female population, in economic activity, is not proportionate with their number. Due to tough economic conditions and other social reasons, women are entering the economic arena in large number, without any identification of those areas, which can prove to be more productive for them.
Working women in work place and challenges:
Working women are facing serious problems at workplace, and on way to or from the workplace. Their family life, especially children, suffer a lot; besides, they have to perform dual jobs in form of fulfilling their family obligations along with the job. Moreover, the work conditions are mostly exploitative, and since the trade unions and associations, too, are generally not gender sensitive, the problems of working women in formal, non-formal or even in business sectors are less likely to be addressed properly.
In legal arena, the plight of women is even graver. On account of corruption and inhumane attitudes, prevailing in police department and judicial environment, women show great reluctance in indulging into litigation or contacting police, to claim their rights or seek remedy. Family laws, laws relating to inheritance, and other disputes, which may involve women, are perceived to be failed in safeguarding women rights. Complicated and lengthy court procedures and uncomfortable environment, combined with lack of awareness among women, are among those reasons, which complement the problems of women in legal affairs.
Violence against women:
In social context, though, the role and status of women is increasing, yet, there are certain sections of society in which, females are looked down upon, and their rights are denied on one pretext, or the other. Society, in such areas or communities, remains hostage to traditions and customs which, in some cases, are strong enough to bypass the law, and even the religion. Lust, for large dowry and ancestral land, has given birth to customs and evil practices like karo kari, burning of women in homes, denial of their right of inheritance, and marriage with Quran. Women are used as an object, to settle disputes.
In political process, the role and representation of women has been enhanced remarkably during
recent years, but this has not proved to be an adequate arrangement. The feudal and tribal structures,
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To support owners and operators, remote monitoring is used, which optimizes maintenance cycles and reduces operating costs.
With an entrepreneurial approach, we can analyze the behavior of customer's turbo-machinery and electromechanical equipment.
We are delivering proven around-the-clock monitoring of customer's equipment including turbines, generators, motors, compressors and more to collect and store all relevant data. The essential information is used to quickly find the cause of unexpected outages.
Leveraging on our workplace facility, online monitoring and analysis, can help our customers simultaneously optimize their maintenance schedule, reduce maintenance costs, and increase availability.
TCS assists you exponentially during planned and unplanned outages.


text:
Paul Karrer Biography
Paul Karrer was a Swiss Organic Chemist who synthesized various Vitamins and derived their structural formulas. This biography profiles his childhood, life, research, achievements and timeline.
Birthday: April 21, 1889
Nationality: Swiss
Famous: Chemists Organic Chemists
Died At Age: 82
Sun Sign: Taurus
Born in: Moscow
Famous as: Chemist
Spouse/Ex-: Helena Froelich
Died on: June 18, 1971
place of death: Zürich
education: University of Zurich
Richard R. Ernst
Paul Hermann M�...
Alfred Werner
Paul Karrer was a Swiss Organic Chemist who synthesized various Vitamins and derived their structural formulas for which he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937 along with Norman Haworth. He also worked on vegetable dyes. He constituted the carotenoids (yellow plant pigments), flavins, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2 and Vitamin K. He never drove or owned a car and did not consider leaving the University of Zurich, from where he graduated, and had his entire career there irrespective of several offers from various universities across the world.
https://www.gdch.de/fileadmin/_migrated/pics/1952_Karrer.jpg
Swiss Men
Male Chemists
Paul Karrer
Childhood & Early Life
Paul Karrer was born in Moscow, Russia to Paul Karrer and Judi Lerch Karrer, both Swiss nationals on 21st April 1889. His father was a Dentist.
In 1892, the family returned to Switzerland, where Karrer did his schooling at Lenzburg, Aarau.
Swiss Chemists
Male Scientists
Taurus Scientists
Swiss Scientists
Paul Karrer studied Chemistry at the University of Zurich under Alfred Werner and received his Ph.D in 1911. He worked as an Assistant with his professor for another year there.
He began an independent study of organic arsenic compounds and because of his further interest, went to Frankfurt, Germany, in 1912 to work with Paul Ehrlich, the famous German Drug Chemist and was there for six years.
In 1918, he returned to Zurich, where he was appointed a reader at the University of Zurich and in 1919, he became Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Chemical Institute there.
During 1920s he confined his studies mainly to the pigments of plants and natural products. In 1930s he solved the structures of Carotene and Lycopene which was a puzzle since long.
Karrer was very interested in Plant pigments and as he investigated the properties of Carotenoids, he came to know that one of its variants, beta-carotene, has a structure very similar to Vitamin A, also known as retinol, present in the eye. Lack of Vitamin A causes Night Blindness. By 1930, he deduced that beta-carotene is indeed converted to Vitamin A in animal bodies and came forth with its structure.
He synthesized Vitamin A (retinol) in 1931, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in 1935, Vitamin E (tocopherol) in 1938 and Vitamin K (phytonadione) in 1939. His lifetime's research also covered Vitamin E and Vitamin B complex.
In 1942, Karrer contributed greatly to the understanding of the structure and function of Nicotine-amide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme essential for the transfer of electrons in the energy system of the cell.
In 1950, he accomplished the total synthesis of carotenoids and retired in 1959.
Taurus Men
He received the prestigious Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937 for his work on Carotenoids, flavins and Vitamins A and B2. He shared the prize with Walter Norman Haworth for his work in Vitamin C and Carbohydrates.
Dr. Karrer was given honorary degrees by Universities in Basel, Breslau, Lousanne, Zurich, Lyons, Paris, Sofia, London, Turin, Brussels, Rio de Janeiro, Madrid and Strasbourg.
Apart from Nobel Prize, he also won Marcel Benoist Prize and Cannizzaro prize, which are also major awards in the field of Chemistry.
His textbook 'Lehrbuch der Organischen Chemie' (Textbook of Organic Chemistry) was published in 1927, and went through 13 editions and was published in 7 languages.
In his career, he published over 1000 research papers concerning Vitamins A, B2, C and E, coenzymes, carotenoids and other plant pigments, alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates and organo-arsenic compounds.
Karrer was the president of the 14th International Congress on Pure and Applied Chemistry (Zurich, 1955).
He was honorary member of several chemical and bio chemical societies across the world including Academie des Sciences (Paris), Royal Society (London), National Academy of Science (Washington), Royal Academy of Sciences (Stockholm), the National Academy (Rome), Royal Academy of Belgium, the Indian Academy of Science, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences and the chemical societies of Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, India and Austria.
Personal Life & Legacy
He was married to Helena Froelich in 1914. They had 2 sons.
He died at the age of 82 on June 18, 1971 in Zurich. His wife died in 1972.
The prestigious Paul Karrer Gold Medal was established in his honor in 1959 by a group of leading companies in this field such as CIBA AG, J. R. Geigy, F. Hoffman la Roche & Co. AG, Sandoz AG, Societe des Produits Nestle AG and Dr. A. Wander AG. It is awarded annually or biannually to an outstanding Chemist who delivers a lecture at the University of Zurich.
See the events in life of Paul Karrer in Chronological Order
Paul Karrer Bio As PDF
- Paul Karrer Biography
- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/paul-karrer-7326.php
Identify Actors By Beard
(Swiss)
Paul Hermann Müller
Vladimir Prelog
Frederick Sanger
(British)
19th Century | Celebrity Names With Letter P | 19th Century Chemists | 19th Century Scientists | Male Celebrity Names With Letter P | 19th Century Organic Chemists


Slough Borough Council approached Voyage with a brief to visually update the Slough Means Business website and make it responsive for mobile devices.
Optimised Homepage with a clear focus on case studies and news.
Success Stories updates on existing businesses.
A responsive site that adapts to mobile, tablet or desktop with a cleaner, more open and friendly design using brighter photography and bringing personalities to the fore. Using our strategic insight that 'like attracts like' we focused on interviews with existing stakeholders to tell unique, individual, relevant stories about 'why Slough?' was right for their business.


The oars don't get much use but are showing some signs of wear. The nailed leather was not great, the nails would mark/rub on the gunwales and also water could get in where the nail entered and rot could set in. A better solution is to stitch a piece of leather in place.
I marked the holes out on the inside surface of the leather and used a nail to make a hole, also from the inside. Using two curved needles made things easier and trying to keep the thread tight as I put in each stitch. I bought 2.5 mm thick leather and 1mm waxed thread. Some people add a shoulder to stop the oar sliding off the rowlocks. However, the leather is 12 inches long, while the previous pieces were only 7 inches long. If a shoulder is needed, then I'll look at using a "Turks Head" knot.
The ends of the oars were sanded back before a layer of West Epoxy was added and finished with a second layer of epoxy with some glass fibre tissue.


text:
Wooden Toy Castles
History of Wooden Toy Castles
Wooden Toy Castle Manufacturers
Wooden Toy Castle Suppliers
The wooden toy castles we know today, with their classic turreted shape and design which allows easy play with miniature figures are a relatively modern phenomenon, however the history of wooden toy castles goes back many thousands of years, all the way back to the Roman and ancient Greek periods around 950 B.C.
Ancient finds show that toy figures, utensils and other miniatures could only have been intended as part of a collection associated with a toy house or fortress, showing that even in this time the concept of a toy castle or household was one which was well understood and valued.
The shape and dimensions of the toy castles we know and love today probably were fixed around the same time as full-size castles started to appear in Europe. Examples of wooden built castles and fortifications started to appear around 1050A.D. in Europe, with the first castles appearing in the UK around 1066, although much earlier fortified houses have been attributed to both the Sumerians and the early cultures in North Africa.
Early castles in the UK were wooden structures and were built of rough hewn wood and dawb (mud and straw) which were built on the 'motte and bailey' (from the French, mound and enclosed land), so were not the type of castles that we recognise from later structures in the UK. These 'castles' were more like fortified villages, where the village was ringfenced with fortifications for the protection of those inside. Raised land was used in this case to give extra protection and an advantage over invading forces.
Courtesy of http://www.flickr.com/people/infomatique/
The types of castles which our modern day wooden toy castles were made to imitate came much later, with the construction by the Normans of castles using stone and rock. many examples of these stone built castles still stand today in the UK and in Normandy, showing the distinctive corner turret and high wall arrangement protecting an interior open space.


Art purchased in a gallery may be viewed as an investment, but the character and style it adds to your home and your life is far more important. If selected carefully, the artwork in your home can become a visual diary—a reflection of your taste and personality at different times—with intrinsic value beyond a prospective boost in your bank account. When buying a painting, your main consideration should be your visceral response to the piece. Does it stir a sense of deep nostalgia, an unexpressed or forgotten longing? Does it inspire you to cook a great meal, tune your old guitar, or rearrange the furniture? It is all a matter of taste, and the only taste that counts is your own.
Displaying art to its best advantage is an art in itself. Keep in mind that you have the home court advantage. Galleries must be ready for various installations, and while they generally can't change the flooring, lighting, or wall color to set off a specific piece, you can. The impact of art in your home is often a matter of getting the small details right.
Remember that art displayed in a gallery has the disadvantage of being required to stand well on its own. Art in your home isn't subject to this pressure, and should relate to you and your possessions. Although there is some substance in the tired adage, "You shouldn't buy art to match a sofa," Barbi Reed does suggest thinking about "complementing" (rather than "matching") your interior design. Working a piece into a room can be as simple as isolating one color in the work and incorporating it into the décor, even if in just a pillow or a vase. You may want to reflect on the aesthetic sensibility already present in the room: Does it convey excitement and movement, or composure and relaxation?
The type of room where you intend to place the piece should also play an integral role in the selection process. The desired mood in your kitchen is different from that in a bedroom, and artwork should reflect the appropriate disposition. In addition, all of the elements in a room should coalesce, so consider the texture of the countertops or the bedding when selecting a piece. It sounds intimidating, but by playing with artwork, even living with it for a awhile, you will figure out what will and won't work for you.
While it is true that the white walls and bare floorboards of most galleries reflect light well and complement the artwork, don't let that stop you from experimenting with color, which can enhance it. You can afford to be bold. "In general, people are shy of strong color on their walls because that is not how the piece was displayed," says Gail Severn. "Often, though, color is their biggest asset." If at first you are hesitant about a persimmon wall in your bedroom, try it in another room. It is easier to be more adventurous in rooms that are used less frequently. And remember, it's okay to experiment—you can always repaint.
Many people like to hang a piece of art so that it is the first thing they see as they enter a room. Although art is often intended to be a focal point, don't let previous conceptions constrain you. There are many ways to display a piece, and experimenting is the best way to find out what works for you. For example, it is currently fashionable to prop pieces against the wall. There is something appealing about the informal simplicity of displaying art in this way. Propping works well with small pictures on a tabletop, or large pieces against the walls in a loft-like room. Make sure you have enough art and enough space to do this, however, or it may look as if you are waiting for the movers.
There are no definite rules for hanging, but there is a science to getting your paintings on the same center plane: Measure the distance from the top of the hanging wire at its highest point, to the top of the piece. Subtract that number from half of the total vertical height of the piece. Then add that to "museum height," which can be anywhere between 54" to 60" from the floor, depending on the average height of the viewer.
Gallery owners recommend hiring a lighting engineer if you are serious about displaying fine art in your home. If that is not an option, try installing recessed track lighting, which offers several ways to manipulate the intensity and direction of light.
The best way to shed light on a painting is to angle it. Direct light creates glare, and natural light can damage the piece by fading it or aging it quickly. Depending on the piece itself and the atmosphere in a room, an angle between 30 to 35 degrees from ceiling to wall is ideal. In addition, the light source should be far enough away to avoid heating a spot on the surface of the piece.
Other considerations include the distance from which the art will be viewed, and the overall atmosphere in the room. Hundreds of light fixtures are available that allow you to adjust the focus of the light according to the elements of a particular room or piece of art. Be sure to speak with the artist or gallery owner about how they feel the piece should be lit.
Hanging artwork in groups or grids is an option, but requires the right mix. Black-and-white photographs often lend themselves well to groupings, as do pieces with a repetitive design element. The key when hanging groupings is to have a balance in the room: Don't overdue it. A grid on one wall may complement a large piece on the opposite wall.
Since a solitary painting can have the power to transform a room, a striking way to feature art in your home is to display one piece prominently. Giant portraits have traditionally been reserved for formal, grandiose settings, but hung floor-to-ceiling, big pieces can also work well in small spaces. Large, contemporary pieces have a tendency to move everything in a room visually outward, making it feel larger.
Many a glorious view of the Wood River Valley has been framed in an expansive window, to the detriment of the artwork on the opposite wall. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light damages paintings and photographs, as well as rugs and draperies. Consider closing the blinds in the afternoon to preserve fine art and photographs. Also avoid hanging art over radiators or heating ducts, as changes in temperature cause canvas and paper to expand and contract, eventually leading to cracking or flaking.
In addition to enhancing the style and atmosphere of your home, the artwork you display can convey a sense of who you are. The selection of each piece should depend first on your emotional response, and then on the "fit" with the décor and ambiance in the house. We are lucky to live in an area with such a strong art community—take advantage of it. At the next Gallery Walk, consider how a John Wayne screenprint would look in your kitchen, or a black-and-white photograph of a hatch rising by Charles Lindsay in your den. There is something out there that is perfect for you.
Casey Hanrahan works for Sun Valley Magazine. Though she enjoys artful interiors, she can usually be found outdoors.


We had seen Mark and Sandy's work on the Parade of Homes and were impressed with how they made dreams become reality with high quality. While we had land on the Outer Banks, we did not want to build a beach style home. That had challenges of its own as some of the concepts weren't commonly part of Outer Banks homes and materials we wanted to use weren't always available on the Outer Banks. But Sandmark Custom Homes was up for any ideas we had and talked with us about what we specifically wanted so it could be implemented even though it may have been outside of their norm. When the building began, we could only get to the site about once a month as we live in Pennsylvania, but scheduled conference calls, and the many emails and pictures kept us up to speed on the progress and decisions we had to make about our new home. While it is never pleasant to tell someone something didn't turn out the way we wanted, if we wanted something re-done, they did it, no questions asked. This is the first time we've built a custom home and Mark and Sandy made it easy for us.
Sandmark Custom Homes is grateful for all of our clients and their feedback to help our company to be the best it can be. We are thankful for the time we have been able to spend with the Badger family working on their beach home. If you're interested in starting a home renovation or building project along the Outer Banks, contact Sandmark Custom Homes at (252) 261-1123 or email us at sandy@outerbanksbuilders.com. We are happy to answer any questions you may have.


This is a cat cafe where you can play with cats! We have 16 cats altogether, please take your shoes off when enter. Under 6 year-old are not allowed in this premise.
Copyright (C) 2019 catcafe_nearnya All Rights Reserved.


Some website design FAQs to help you learn more about the web design process, and about us, Førest web design in Reading, Berkshire.
You can read our web design glossary if you need any information on what certain words and phrases mean.
We are website designers in Reading Berkshire. We create affordable websites for small businesses and startups, as well as bespoke websites for large national companies.
We design all different kinds of websites for small to large companies. All of our sites are bespoke and include natural SEO built in from the bottom up.
We are based in Reading, Berkshire, and supply website design work in the surrounding area.
Usual office hours are between 9am and 6pm, but we also work in the evenings if we need to.
It depends entirely on the size of your project, but work is completed quickly to a high standard, and if you are on a very tight deadline, we will work until the site is finished.
I just want something small, can you help?
We can help no matter how small the job is. If you just need a one page site, or a little help on your existing site, we'd love to help.
We're on a really tight deadline, can you help?
We can indeed! Let us know straight away and we can start work the same day depending on the job.
We're unhappy with our current website, can you give me your opinion?
Sure, give us a call or send us an email with the the questions you would like answered and we will do our best to help.
It can take as little as a few days for small sites, usually as little as two weeks for larger sites, it depends a lot on how much content you already have.
What makes you different to other website designers?
We are affordable, and all our sites come with free built in SEO. You also don't need to pay VAT on top of our prices.
What do you need from me to be able to create a great site?
As much information about your business as possible, and all your content. This will enable us to build the site around your content, rather than creating a blank site that needs filling.
Will we need to meet before you can start work?
It's up to you, we can travel to meet you in the surrounding area, but often things can be just as easy and quick corresponding over the phone and email.
Can you take content from our old site?
Yes, we can save all of your old content to import to your new site.
Can you help us write the content?
We can certainly help you with content, although it's best that you write the bulk of it because you know your business better than we do! We can of course help with tidying up the copy and identifying keywords to focus on.
Will my website look different in different browsers?
Marginally, things usually do look slightly different in very old browsers, but we try our best to compensate for this. It's better to look forward than to look backwards though so we focus our attention on the present and the future, and the majority.
Websites start from around £500 for a small site, and go up in price depending on the size, functionality, and amount of design work involved. We are pretty flexible on price and you also don't need to worry about paying VAT on top of the costs we quote.
What ongoing costs are involved?
Ongoing costs can be very little. You have to pay to renew your hosting and domain names, depending on the domain name these are usually around £10 a year. Hosting for the first year is free, the price of hosting varies starts at £80 for small websites.
Hosting starts at £80 a year, much lower than a lot of other companies charge.
Do you charge to add new pages?
Usually very little for text updates, but you have the power to manage your own content and we offer support and training to allow you to do this. we charge for significant new work, new designs, layouts and sections etc.
You can save a lot of money by choosing wordpress as your platform and by managing your own content. We can teach you how to do this.
We ask for 50% of the cost up front, with the remainder to be paid upon launch. Hosting is free the first year and is billed at the start of each year past that.
How do you work out the cost of a website?
We've split our costing into three categories, which depend mostly on the size of your site and the design work involved.
We're a non profit company, do you offer any discounts?
We do, if you are a charity or some kind of local body, speak to us about discounts and packages.
We have a limited budget, what are our options?
We can build you a simple but attractive site, and set you on the path to managing your own content.
Can you just design us a new logo?
Of course, we love designing logos here, and the costs for logos can either be a set amount for a package to choose from, or an hourly rate where we keep designing them until you pick one.
Do you build online shops?
Yes we do. Our online shops can either be built bespoke or on the WordPress WooCommerce platform.
I just have a small local business, do I really need a website?
We think everybody needs a website, no matter how small the business. Even if it's just a one page site, it means anyone searching for you online will find you, and that new customers can find you if they're looking in the area.
Can you register domain names?
Yes, and once we've registered them, we put it into your contract that you still own them, so if you decide to go somewhere else, we won't charge you a release fee unlike some other companies.
Can I manage content myself?
Of course, and with wordpress it's extremely easy! We teach you how to do this, you'll be surprised how easy it is.
Can I have a similar site to one I like?
If you tell us what you like and what you don't like about any particular sites before the draft stage, we can take influence from this and produce something for you that's just what you like. We won't copy anything specific though.
I found a theme I like, can you customise it?
We should be able to, depending on the format. Just let us know about it and we will be able to give you an answer.
How important is good photography on a website?
Extremely important! If you were looking to buy something online, you'd want as much detail as possible and pictures are no different. Good photography can be the difference between an average website and a beautiful website.
What ongoing seo work can you do?
We can further optimise your site on a monthly basis (assuming you are adding new content) and we can also do some link building for you. We can help you to add new content and teach you how to do the things you will need to do if you are adding new content yourself.
Can you give us an seo report?
We sure can, if you tell us about your website and what you do, we can analyse your site to see how it measures up with our high standards and can point you towards fixing these problems, or we can fix them ourselves.
How much does it matter that I keep my website updated?
It's extremely important from an SEO basis to keep your content fresh and keyword rich. This will help to keep your rankings on the search engines climbing and to keep your site in your customers eyes.
How can I get listed on google?
By creating a google webmaster account for you, we can add your site to google and tell google exactly where you are and what you do.
Are all your websites SEO friendly?
We build SEO into every website we make, included in the price.


IGTV is Popping! Plus New Show Today!
Weird Jokes, Absurd Jokes, Having fun in Austin.
NSFW John Tole screwing around at The Velv in ATX. Couple Short Jokes I haven't done in forever. New Album Pre-Order up Now #dirty "This Only Has To Work Once" https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/this-only-has-to-work-once/1455272196 or Link in Bio goes to Website for the Same.
Patreon Deems us Adult Content like a bunch of Frootz. New platform on the way.
What a FN Circus, but trust me, the ramifications of this Power Struggle mean either death of party, death of citizens, more importantly the death of freedom to withstand the mind reading abilities of our elected officials on display to embarrass themselves into the Coming New Power, IF WE MAKE IT.
Audio Courtesy of Comedy Central, Killer for them to move Brody's set from behind their paywall for people to enjoy!


Poloniex Lending Bot gives you the opportunity to participate in a hands-off approach in peer-to-peer margin lending on Poloniex. This system automates the lending of coins.
You can earn a passive income in Bitcoin or other coins by lending any of your coins on Poloniex via this bot.
Currently, these are the crypto coins which are being lent on Poloniex and Poloniex lending bot will lend these coins automatically for you.
The risk of defaults from marginal lending seems to be smaller than on other Bitcoin lending sites such as BTCPOP or BitBond, but the returns are also smaller.
Manually lending on Poloniex is a very time intensive task.
The fee is of 10% on the interest earned. This has to be paid on top 15% lending fee for Poloniex.
Support seems to be slow.
It seems that Poloniex lending is plagued with stuffing on the platforms, with bots trying to reduce rates. While this is not related to the lending bot, it does lower the lending rates.
Potentially there are other ways to earn more money such as vDice which is an Altcoin which produces a yield.
If you expect the crypt-currency to fall in value, it is better to sell it rather than lend it.
When the speculators on Poloniex require more of a particular coin to speculate lending rates / Bitcoin and Altcoin Interest rates go up.
When using Poloniex Lending Bot, you have some form of custody over your funds, as it is impossible for the borrowed funds to leave the platform. This is unlike other Bitcoin lending sites, where the Bitcoin leaves the platform, and its return depends on the borrower. In this case, the borrower is not permitted to sell the lent coins.
Bitcoin lending rates fluctuate by the second. However, they are frequently above the 10% APR, the rates for other coins tend to be lower.
You need to wait until the full maturity of the loan to access the money unless the borrower cancels it.
Poloniex could be hacked in fact on 4th March 2014 Poloniex lost 12.3% of its total bitcoin supply in an attack.
If your coins are lent, and a fork takes place you do not acquire coins in the new fork. This has happened in the first Ethereum fork (DAO fiasco), and unfortunately, Poloniex did not inform it's clients about this beforehand.
The exchange could suffer an outage, and this disrupts the crypto eco system. The impact of this would be margin traders could become insolvent. They could lose all the collateral and the borrowed funds.
The value of Bitcoin and Altcoins fluctuates. If you determine profits in another currency than bitcoin, your profits could be less even though you have made a profit.
Next articleHow To Invest In Scotch Whisky?
Santiment: The Sonar Of CryptoMarket Sentiment.


It amazes me that we have been on this journey for 46 weeks and that we are coming down the home stretch. The past couple of weeks have been some of the most difficult, psychologically. As we traveled the Loop in Florida and up the east coast, we saw Loopers here and there, had docktails with some of them and shared experiences upon occasion. There are just so many options for places to visit and explore that we end up pretty well spread out due to our individual preferences. Once we hit Chicago and came down towards Joliet, we became part of a flotilla. The members of the flotilla change daily owing to: the top speeds each captain is willing to push his/her craft, to the number of days the crew wants to stay in a particular town, or heaven forbid due to mechanical issues that must be addressed, which can sometimes be lengthy.
This pack mentality can be trying. We like to travel through undisturbed waters hoping to catch glimpses of wildlife along the way and have been rewarded with deer, turkey, beaver and eagle sightings. In a flotilla, we have been first a lot of the time because as Jerry says, "If you ain't the lead dog, the view never changes!" The odds catch up with us though and often a faster boat will overtake us and become leader until he disappears around the bend of a river.
We leave Columbus marina at dawn with just two other boats and lock through at dawn without a hitch.
The journey for the day is pretty easy; there're only patches of debris rather than great islands of it and there are sticks as opposed to whole trees in the water. We find out that we cannot lock through the last lock that we wanted to because the anchorage below it will have a dredge working through the night, making it impossible for us to anchor there. So, we pull into Sumpter anchorage with our two buddy boats and it is a calm and lovely place to spend the night, just a few miles up from the lock.
Dang! We all scramble to get our anchors up, get the glass cleared of fog (at least it isn't ice this morning as it has been the past couple of mornings) and get into the river, knowing that there is a barge that will be coming out of the lock towards us.
The fog is so thick we really can't see much. We contact the barge and he says he can see us but we can't see him until he emerges, like a ghost, from the fog. It looks like he is going to mow us down and he's telling us to take him on the two which means starboard to starboard but we can't see any room between his starboard and the bank.
He keeps saying that he is moving over for us and finally daylight appears between him and the bank though fog is still swirling around it. We quickly move to that side and pass him safely. Creeping along, we are able to get into the lock and we lock through as the fog lifts for good.
The rest of the ride is serene and pretty, with gray clay hoo-doos and interesting white cliffs beside parts of the river.
After a long day, we pull into Demopolis Marina and it looks like homecoming. We recognize 99% of the boats here either from being with them or from the Meets app that shows where Looper boats are. This is not good because it means that we will all be trying to get out of the marina and through the lock at the same time in the morning.
We meet up for docktails, appoint a spokesperson to coordinate with the lock master and call it a night. We are not looking forward to the next couple of days because they are LONG river days with no marinas anywhere along the ride, which means at least a dozen boats all trying to fit into the small and limited anchorages that do exist.
The day dawns with thick fog and the lock master says to wait until he calls us. He can't see the lock from his building that is right beside it and his lock is closed due to fog. He estimates a 7AM lock through but repeats that we are to wait. At 7 the marina comes alive with engines roaring to life and a mass exodus is immediately underway, even though we haven't heard from the lockmaster. The fog is thick but we can see about a quarter mile and then it lifts. The lead boat calls the lock and he is NOT happy that we already have 9 boats on the river. "I guess y'all didn't understand what I said when I told you to stay put until I called you!" he says. After some moments of radio silence, I guess he feels that we are less safe on the river because he tells us to come ahead and he will lock us down but he insists on each boat giving him its name and registration number before we enter the lock.
The fog thickens even more and now all that we can see is the boat ahead of us as we approach the lock. The lock master comes on the radio instructing us to stay on the left descending bank or we will miss the lock and go over the dam in the fog and we wouldn't be the first boat that has done that! Can this get any more fun!?!?!?
The answer to that is a resounding YES, it can!
We lock down and exit, nine boats in single file. Coming around a corner there is a tug side-pushing a barge into the bank, meaning his prop wash will and does throw our boats sideways towards the bank but we are now all pro's at dealing with this situation and adjust accordingly. Then we proceed into literally zero visibility as the fog swallows the boats ahead of and behind us. We can see NOTHING. Well, I can see that my eyes are deteriorating because I can see a LOT of floaters against the fog but that's it!
We slow down and Jerry is steering by the I-pad chart plotter without any visual cues. It is reassuring that he has done this many times while piloting an aircraft on instruments alone but it is still unnerving driving forward into nothingness. I go up on the bow to watch for debris and the boat ahead of us until I can finally point him out to Jerry.
We follow him about 3 miles until the fog lifts for good and we have a nice day – even warmer than yesterday when we put on shorts for the first time in over a month! We are happy campers again! We take the lead and travel almost a 10-hour day, making it to Bobby's Fish Camp just as the sun is setting. We have decided to run long days to get to Mobile in two overnights rather than the usual three.
Even though it is now dark, Jerry adds "comfort fuel" because, while we have enough fuel to reach Mobile, we have been having to run faster than we normally do because of the short days and fewer hours of sunlight that we have to reach our destinations.
Bobby's is a fun old place, founded in 1956 and full of old Coke memorabilia and taxedermied wonders. It would have been nice to arrive early enough to enjoy "the world's best fried catfish" but the kitchen is closed and we opt to lift a glass with our friends to celebrate the fact that we will encounter our very LAST LOCK of the trip in the morning!
We get a very early start because there is no fog at all the next morning. We are all doing the happy dance as we go through the LAST lock of our Loop at Coffeeville.
We are now in tidal water again and so must account for tidal movement as we plan how far we can travel in a day. The day we left, our friend, Steve gave us this advice, "Don't ever drive where there are birds walking," which has stood us in good stead. On this river it is a little tricky because it appears as if the birds are walking in the middle of the river channel. Upon closer inspection though, they are actually standing on floating flotsam and fishing from there. We figure it must be like hunters in duck blinds. The prey can't see you if you are camouflaged!
The tide and current are a constant two knots with us and so we are able to make good time to our last anchorage at the Tensaw River. We toss our anchor in and it immediately grabs fast against the current. We monitor its hold for a while to make sure we are secure and when we don't move at all, we breathe a sigh of relief and relax. We end up with 3 other boats anchored in the river behind us and the current makes it look like they are under way and throwing a wake – that's how fast it is.
This is why I love anchoring out. It is quiet and so peaceful as the water gently moves the boat back and forth against the anchor rode. We sit on the front deck in the warmth of the setting sun and an orchestra of crickets warms up, punctuated by the haunting "who-who's" of a pair of owls calling to one another. The three-quarter moon is rising and life is good.
After a sound sleep, the final 6 hour run into Mobile is a piece of cake. We are so excited to see cypress trees swinging with Spanish moss and palmettos around their bases. FINALLY, we are back in the land of civilized climate! We have now enjoyed three sunny days in a row, with no rain for a couple more and I think that's a record for the last couple of months!
We enter the Port of Mobile and are overwhelmed. We didn't expect it to rival Miami, Ft. Lauderdale and Norfolk but it does. There are container ships from almost every continent in the world, naval vessels galore and some things we have never seen before like a mobile dry dock for repairs to BIG boats!
We clear the port and enter Mobile Bay – we are back in the Gulf of Mexico and dolphins arrive to make us welcome – we haven't seen any in half a year and it is thrilling to be back in the Gulf! Shrimpers are everywhere, followed by clouds of hopeful pelicans and seagulls.
We arrive at Turner Marine with perfect timing. We pull into our slip and get secured and set up just as a shrimper arrives across from our slip.
He is selling fresh caught shrimp to people who are on a list. They have come from restaurants all over the area. I ask if there might be enough for me to get some and the old man directing the operations assures me that there should be enough once the pre-orders are filled. We hustle back and grab our cooler and I buy 7 pounds of HUGE shrimp for $6 a pound (IF you could get these at home, they would be at least $15)! I am so excited!
Our friends from France arrive shortly afterwards and we discover that it is Gilles' 61st birthday. We make a date to celebrate together. I will bring the shrimp and Gilles declares he will cook them! I marinate the shrimp in some olive oil, garlic, salt and cayenne pepper and when Gilles pulls them off the grill they are succulent and fresh and fantastic!
I made a coffee cake for our breakfast and it doubles as a birthday cake since we are all too tired to make anything else. It is a marvelous celebration with very good friends. I think it was a good birthday for Gilles especially since he celebrated his 60th birthday sailing in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean (they are on a 4 year, around-the-world journey!
The day before Thanksgiving dawns bright and chilly but warms up quickly which is great because Turner Marine is throwing a fried turkey Thanksgiving feast for their staff and all who are in the marina. While many boats are here while their crew have gone home, more are here with full crews aboard and we join about 3 dozen other Loopers for a fantastic meal. All have brought sides which are excellent and the man who made the eggnog is truly a master. I don't even like eggnog but this was delicious!
After a week of great meals with friends, we are ready to go home to meet our new granddaughter, celebrate the wedding of our nephew and catch up with friends and family. The boat is tidied and we will rent a car tomorrow to drive home for a few weeks. The plan is to return to the boat in mid-December and bring her home to Tarpon on Epiphany if weather and mechanical allow. We are truly thankful for the people and places we have gotten to know this year and for the blessing of being able to take this trip at all. We are also thankful for the family and friends we will reconnect with when we are home.
More in a couple of weeks as we resume our final leg of the Loop!
It's as if your emotional roller coaster is my own.. I'm excited for you but (secretly and selfishly) I don't want your voyage to end. I have enjoyed every blog & FB post! Best wishes for the next few weeks. Sue & Pete.
Phew! Yum! and All's well that ends well. Thanks for the ride, vicariously.
We are so happy for you. What an experience this is for you guys. We look forward to seeing you when you get home. Drive lol safe.
What would you say your monthly fuel bill is and marina bill?
Our monthly fuel bill runs around $350 and marina bill on average is between $650 and $1000, depending on region and how often we anchor out.
Thank you for your response, hope to be out there in 3 years or so.


I am a young girl, but very smart and wise! I know what I want from life, and I have a real purpose for my future! I'm honest and loyal I love and appreciate the simple things, like a family, and in love! I like sports and I always reach my goal!I am an energetic and sociable person. I appreciate decency and sincerity in a relationship between a man and a woman. The inner beauty is more important for me than the beauty of appearance. I wish to open a new world in the world of your soul. And if I understand that you are the only whom I am seeking, I will share with you all your sorrows and joys. I will be your best friend and life partner. I would like to travel very much. It is very interesting to get more knowledge about the new countries, new people and traditions. It's great to have such a possibility.
I want to find a good, strong, courageous, reliable man who will be my support, my strength and support. I need a man who appreciates little things in everyday life like gentle hugs and soft warm kisses and being told "I love you" because someone really does love you is important; and always showing him every day of how much we matter to each other. If you are a sincere, honest, dedicated, responsible, romantic, and passionate gentleman with a good sense of humor and strong values in search of a best friend, lets get to know each other and you will be glad to have found a friend you can rely on and trust. We will have fun in sharing conversation, activities, interests, and experiences.


text:
Romney donor pulls support, backs Obama, over same-sex marriage
CNN Political Reporter Shannon Travis
(CNN) – A well-known, openly gay supporter of Mitt Romney in New York has decided to withdraw his support for Romney and back President Barack Obama instead.
The clincher: Romney's stance on same-sex marriage.
- Follow the Ticker on Twitter: @PoliticalTicker
- Follow Shannon Travis on Twitter: @ShanTravisCNN
"I feel that I no longer wish to support your presidential campaign and ask that you please return the maximum contribution that I gave to you last year," Bill White wrote in a letter addressed to the former Massachusetts governor and obtained by CNN.
"You have chosen to be on the wrong side of history and I do not support your run for president any longer," White added.
CNN contacted the Romney campaign but did not receive a response.
White is the chairman and CEO of the New York-based consulting firm Constellations Group. He was previously the president of the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum – the cultural and educational institution whose major presence is the floating World War II Intrepid aircraft carrier sitting on the Hudson River. White told CNN he has advocated on behalf of injured and fallen veterans for 20 years - being awarded the Meritorious Public Service Award from the Coast Guard and from the Navy.
White told CNN he is a registered independent who has supported both Republicans and Democrats in the past, including former presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. FEC records show that White contributed to both Republicans and Democrats over the years, including Hillary Clinton in 2008. Most recently, White gave $2,500 to Romney for President, Inc., according to FEC records.
White began his letter to Romney stating, "I am currently a max donor to your 2012 presidential campaign." He did not fundraise for the Romney campaign, though he said his partner and some friends also contributed to Romney.
In his letter, White goes on to mention the president's public announcement of his personal support for same-sex marriage last week.
"Several days later this past Saturday to a packed stadium of young college students you made the following statement that 'Marriage is only between one man and one woman,'" White wrote, referring to Romney's recent commencement address to Liberty University, an evangelical school in Lynchburg, Virginia.
"I believe that you will do as you now say and try to force a constitutional amendment which would attempt to make my own legal and blessed marriage null and void."
In an interview with CNN, White explained his stance.
"I felt we gave 'Hope and Change' a chance and I was looking for something different," White said.
"Quite frankly, I was not supporting Barack Obama – I was supporting Mitt Romney. And my support is not just words or my vote, it's also putting my money where my mouth is."
White said he does not agree with the president on fiscal policy – something he sides more with Romney on.
"I just think we're spending probably money that we don't have," he said.
And yet, White said: "I'm looking at the television screen one day and I see my president – whether I'm Republican or Democrat, he is my president…and I'm looking at him doing one thing, one day. And two days later, I'm looking at a guy who I'm supporting for president, and who I want to be my president and who I've given my money to, to be president, saying something I didn't think he would be saying."
CNN pressed White: Why now, given that Romney's stance is not new?
"I had a very visceral reaction to him – he had a great opportunity… to get on the right side of history," White responded. "And to be someone to the country that helps to unite us, versus what divides us. And I just think his very proactive intention to pounce on this issue now has sent me to the other side."
"Now, I feel like he's declared war on my marriage. And I could just sit back and not say anything. Or I could do something about it. And I've chosen to do something about it."
Following news of the president's decision, leading Republican LGBT advocacy groups expressed skepticism over its motivation. GOProud called Obama's announcement "hardly a profile in courage" and the Log Cabin Republicans labeled it "calculated." That suggests that the president's stance has not swayed everyone in the gay community to support him.
Meanwhile, Romney is not alone in seeing backlash from supporters.
The president has also faced problems over his stance. While some African-American pastors took to the pulpit Sunday to support the president, others were critical. One religious leader, Emmett Burns of Baltimore, supported Obama in 2008 but has now pulled his support.
"I love the president, but I cannot support what he has done," Burns said at the church.
Ron Paul to end active campaigning
RNC, Team Romney roll out debt attack on Obama
Leading progressive group attacks Romney over women's issues
Obama headlines two high dollar fundraisers in NYC
Filed under: 2012 • Fundraising • Mitt Romney • Same-sex marriage
KeyWester
Gurgi, last time I checked, the Republican dominated state governments were the ones trying to take away women's rights, especially when it comes to birth control and health choices. Also have no clue what you mean about democrats taking away freedoms, unless you meant the freedom not to have medical insurance so everybody else is saddled with your bills when you go to the emergency room and/or declare bankruptcy to get out of them.
May 15, 2012 04:56 pm at 4:56 pm |
do you want real jobs or democratic jobs, the kind they box up when they leave office.real jobs take time
Jin Web
I know CNN will not post this response which is unfortunate. Mr. Bill White has the right to support whom ever he'd like and should do like the rest of Americans , which is basically is shut up and vote. Talk about discrimination – Mr, White basically just said he would not hire someone who doesn't support gay marriage. How narrow minded. If this is the only requirement for the Presidency, then this country is in deeper trouble than we realize.
You can't stop history. Whatever happens in the next election gay marriage will at some point become legal in the US - for all gays and lesbians. There may be backslides now and again but it is inevitable. It's like the ending of slavery and a woman's right to vote. When the history books are written we'll see who was on the right side of history.
And this has nothing to do with religion. Religions do not have to marry gays if they chose not to. Marriage, for anyone who has gone down to city hall for a marriage license knows, this is about a legal contract between adults. It gives two adults the right to share finances, health care, social security, proxy rights etc. Rights that only family relations have (under the law) - or a spouse. A blood relative has more rights in a gay relationship then the parties involved. Not so in a marriage. A marriage establishes familial rights that protect a couple (straight or gay) from blood relatives intervention in raising children, disposition of property, health care decisions etc etc etc. It's a legal contract between consenting adults.
If you voted for Barry Sotero Obama to prove you were not a racist in 2008, vote for someone else (anyone) in 2012 to prove you are not an idiot!
vbscript2
Dear CNN, why is this news? I have a novel idea for you: try being impartial for a while. Wouldn't that be awesome if we had a news network reporting on the election without campaigning for one side? That one independent changes who he's supporting in the election doesn't exactly seem newsworthy, considering it likely happens millions of times per month across America.... unless of course your news network is trying to make it look like this is some kind of trend, in spite of polls showing the opposite trend.
BostonBruinsFan
Glad that I live in Massachusetts!
No thanks to Governor Romney or Senator Scott Brown, this issue was settled long ago!!
Sniffit
"If you voted for Barry Sotero Obama to prove you were not a racist in 2008, vote for someone else (anyone) in 2012 to prove you are not an idiot!"
And your goal was to prove yourself a racist by repeating the filth that formed the backbone of your sad, insulting, bigotted attempt at a joke?
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