text:
People Professor Arnold Wilkins
Professor Arnold Wilkins
arnold@essex.ac.uk
Academic support hours
MSc project supervision
Profile Research Teaching and supervision Publications Grants and funding Contact
Teaching and supervision
Leon Gaster Memorial Award, CIBSE 1990 Walsh Weston Memorial Award, CIBSE 1991 Owen Aves Medal, 2003 Honorary Fellowship, College of Optometry, 2005 Walsh Weston Award 2016
DPhil University of Sussex, (1973)
Emeritus Professor, University of Essex, University of Essex (2015 - present)
Professor, University of Essex, University of Essex (1997 - 2015)
Other academic
Scientist - Special Appointment, MRC Applied Psychology Unit (1974 - 1997)
Visual perception, including colour vision and the design of ophthalmic tints
Use of ophthalmic tints in autism and multiple sclerosis
The response of the brain to visual stimuli measured using near infrared spectroscopy
Lighting and its biological effects
Visual dysfunction in migraine
Photosensitive epilepsy and migraine
Reading disorders and the design of text for children
Spectral and chromatic analysis of uncomfortable images
Previous supervision
Amelia Aldrich
Thesis title: Visual Discomfort and Visual Function: Colour and Contrast
Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 15/4/2019
an Trong Dinh Le
Thesis title: An Exploration of Trypophobia
Sarah Haigh
Thesis title: Visual Discomfort and Cortical Hyperexcitability
Awarded date: 20/11/2012
Wilkins, A., Penacchio, O. and Leonards, U., The built environment and its patterns – a view from the vision sciences. Journal of Sustainable Design and Applied Research
Yoshimoto, S., Jiang, F., Takeuchi, T., Wilkins, AJ. and Webster, MA., (2019). Adaptation and visual discomfort from flicker. Vision Research. 160, 99-107
Brown, E., Foulsham, T., Lee, C-S. and Wilkins, A., (2019). Visibility of temporal light artefact from flicker at 11 kHz. Lighting Research and Technology, 147715351985239-147715351985239
Park, SW., Lee, C-S., Kang, HR., Pak, HS. and Wilkins, A., (2019). Visibility of the phantom array effect according to luminance, chromaticity and geometry. Lighting Research & Technology, 147715351986711-147715351986711
Srinivasan, K., Gilchrist, JM., Krishnan, G., Wilkins, A. and Allen, PM., (2019). Clinical Use of the Kannada and English Rate of Reading Tests. Frontiers in Psychology. 10
Aldrich, A., Hibbard, P. and Wilkins, A., (2019). Vision and Hyper-Responsiveness in Migraine. Vision. 3 (4), 62-62
Haigh, SM., Cooper, NR. and Wilkins, AJ., (2018). Chromaticity separation and the alpha response. Neuropsychologia. 108, 1-5
Boyce, PR. and Wilkins, A., (2018). Visual discomfort indoors. Lighting Research & Technology. 50 (1), 98-114
Allen, P., Srinivasan, K., Krishnan, G. and Wilkins, A., (2018). Reliability and validity of a Kannada rate of reading test. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 66 (5), 630-630
Wilkins, AJ., (2017). Risk of bias in assessing Risk of Bias. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 37 (1), 107-109
Evans, BJW., Allen, PM. and Wilkins, AJ., (2017). A Delphi study to develop practical diagnostic guidelines for visual stress (pattern-related visual stress). Journal of Optometry. 10 (3), 161-168
Le, ATD., Payne, J., Clarke, C., Kelly, MA., Prudenziati, F., Armsby, E., Penacchio, O. and Wilkins, AJ., (2017). Discomfort from urban scenes: Metabolic consequences. Landscape and Urban Planning. 160, 61-68
Yoshimoto, S., Garcia, J., Jiang, F., Wilkins, AJ., Takeuchi, T. and Webster, MA., (2017). Visual discomfort and flicker. Vision Research. 138, 18-28
Ludlow, AK. and Wilkins, AJ., (2016). Atypical Sensory behaviours in children with Tourette's Syndrome and in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 56, 108-116
Myint, J., Latham, K., Mann, D., Gomersall, P., Wilkins, AJ. and Allen, PM., (2016). The relationship between visual function and performance in rifle shooting for athletes with vision impairment. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine. 2 (1), e000080-e000080
Monger, LJ., Shah, D., Wilkins, AJ. and Allen, PM., (2016). The effect of viewing distance on responses to the pattern glare test. Clinical and Experimental Optometry. 99 (1), 47-50
Engel, SA., Wilkins, AJ., Mand, S., Helwig, NE. and Allen, PM., (2016). Habitual wearers of colored lenses adapt more rapidly to the color changes the lenses produce. Vision Research. 125, 41-48
Whitaker, L., Jones, CRG., Wilkins, AJ. and Roberson, D., (2016). Judging the Intensity of Emotional Expression in Faces: the Effects of Colored Tints on Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Research. 9 (4), 450-459
Le, ATD., Cole, GG. and Wilkins, AJ., (2015). Assessment of trypophobia and an analysis of its visual precipitation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 68 (11), 2304-2322
Haigh, SM., Cooper, NR. and Wilkins, AJ., (2015). Cortical excitability and the shape of the haemodynamic response. NeuroImage. 111, 379-384
Monger, LJ., Wilkins, AJ. and Allen, PM., (2015). Pattern glare: the effects of contrast and color. Frontiers in Psychology. 6 (OCT), 1651-
Hollingsworth, RS., Ludlow, AK., Wilkins, AJ., Calver, RI. and Allen, PM., (2015). Visual Performance and the Use of Colored Filters in Children Who Are Deaf. Optometry and Vision Science. 92 (6), 1-1
Penacchio, O. and Wilkins, AJ., (2015). Visual discomfort and the spatial distribution of Fourier energy. Vision Research. 108, 1-7
Wilkins, AJ. and Kiff, IE., (2015). On the clarity of the musical stave. Psychology of Music. 43 (6), 870-880
Monger, L., Wilkins, A. and Allen, P., (2015). Identifying visual stress during a routine eye examination. Journal of Optometry. 8 (2), 140-145
Lehman, B. and Wilkins, AJ., (2014). Designing to Mitigate Effects of Flicker in LED Lighting: Reducing risks to health and safety. IEEE Power Electronics Magazine. 1 (3), 18-26
Hollingsworth, R., Ludlow, AK., Wilkins, A., Calver, R. and Allen, PM., (2014). Visual performance and ocular abnormalities in deaf children and young adults: a literature review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 92 (4), 305-310
Wilkins, A., (2014). Opinion: CFF is a seductive but misleading concept. Lighting Research & Technology. 46 (4), 368-368
Cole, GG. and Wilkins, AJ., (2013). Fear of Holes. Psychological Science. 24 (10), 1980-1985
Haigh, SM., Barningham, L., Berntsen, M., Coutts, LV., Hobbs, EST., Irabor, J., Lever, EM., Tang, P. and Wilkins, AJ., (2013). Discomfort and the cortical haemodynamic response to coloured gratings. Vision Research. 89, 47-53
Haigh, SM., Jaschinski, W., Allen, PM. and Wilkins, AJ., (2013). Accommodation to Uncomfortable Patterns. Perception. 42 (2), 208-222
Roberts, JE. and Wilkins, AJ., (2013). Flicker can be perceived during saccades at frequencies in excess of 1 kHz. Lighting Research & Technology. 45 (1), 124-132
Braithwaite, JJ., Broglia, E., Brincat, O., Stapley, L., Wilkins, AJ. and Takahashi, C., (2013). Signs of increased cortical hyperexcitability selectively associated with spontaneous anomalous bodily experiences in a nonclinical population. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 18 (6), 549-573
Braithwaite, JJ., Broglia, E., Bagshaw, AP. and Wilkins, AJ., (2013). Evidence for elevated cortical hyperexcitability and its association with out-of-body experiences in the non-clinical population: New findings from a pattern-glare task. Cortex. 49 (3), 793-805
Coutts, LV., Cooper, CE., Elwell, CE. and Wilkins, AJ., (2012). Time course of the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in migraine, measured using near-infrared spectroscopy. Cephalalgia. 32 (8), 621-629
Haigh, SM., Karanovic, O., Wilkinson, F. and Wilkins, AJ., (2012). Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine and aversion to patterns. Cephalalgia. 32 (3), 236-240
Allen, PM., Dedi, S., Kumar, D., Patel, T., Aloo, M. and Wilkins, AJ., (2012). Accommodation, Pattern Glare, and Coloured Overlays. Perception. 41 (12), 1458-1467
Ludlow, AK., Taylor-Whiffen, E. and Wilkins, AJ., (2012). Coloured Filters Enhance the Visual Perception of Social Cues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. ISRN Neurology. 2012, 1-6
Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, D., Rubboli, G., Hirsch, E., Martins da Silva, A., Seri, S., Wilkins, A., Parra, J., Covanis, A., Elia, M., Capovilla, G., Stephani, U. and Harding, G., (2012). Methodology of photic stimulation revisited: Updated European algorithm for visual stimulation in the EEG laboratory. Epilepsia. 53 (1), 16-24
Khalil, NM., Nicotra, A. and Wilkins, AJ., (2011). Asymmetry of visual function in migraine with aura: Correlation with lateralisation of headache and aura. Cephalalgia. 31 (2), 213-221
Lehman, B., Wilkins, A., Berman, S., Poplawski, M. and Miller, NJ., (2011). Proposing Measures of Flicker in the Low Frequencies for Lighting Applications. LEUKOS. 7 (3), 189-195
Huang, J., Zong, X., Wilkins, A., Jenkins, B., Bozoki, A. and Cao, Y., (2011). fMRI evidence that precision ophthalmic tints reduce cortical hyperactivation in migraine. Cephalalgia. 31 (8), 925-936
Wilkins, AJ. and Evans, BJW., (2010). Visual stress, its treatment with spectral filters, and its relationship to visually induced motion sickness. Applied Ergonomics. 41 (4), 509-515
Smedley, ARD., Webb, AR. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Potential of wind turbines to elicit seizures under various meteorological conditions. Epilepsia. 51 (7), 1146-1151
Jainta, S., Jaschinski, W. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Periodic letter strokes within a word affect fixation disparity during reading. Journal of Vision. 10 (13), 2-2
Allen, PM., Hussain, A., Usherwood, C. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Pattern-Related Visual Stress, Chromaticity, and Accommodation. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 51 (12), 6843-6843
Juricevic, I., Land, L., Wilkins, A. and Webster, MA., (2010). Visual Discomfort and Natural Image Statistics. Perception. 39 (7), 884-899
Jainta, S., Jaschinski, W. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Periodic letter strokes within a word affect fixation disparity during reading. Journal of Vision. 10 (13), 1-11
Ludlow, AK. and Wilkins, AJ., (2009). Case Report: Color as a Therapeutic Intervention. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 39 (5), 815-818
Wilkins, A., Cleave, R., Grayson, N. and Wilson, L., (2009). Typography for children may be inappropriately designed. Journal of Research in Reading. 32 (4), 402-412
Winterbottom, M. and Wilkins, A., (2009). Lighting and discomfort in the classroom. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 29 (1), 63-75
Fernandez, D. and Wilkins, AJ., (2008). Uncomfortable Images in Art and Nature. Perception. 37 (7), 1098-1113
Ludlow, AK., Wilkins, AJ. and Heaton, P., (2008). Colored overlays enhance visual perceptual performance in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2 (3), 498-515
Harding, G., Harding, P. and Wilkins, A., (2008). Wind turbines, flicker, and photosensitive epilepsy: Characterizing the flashing that may precipitate seizures and optimizing guidelines to prevent them. Epilepsia. 49 (6), 1095-1098
Newman Wright, B., Wilkins, AJ. and Zoukos, Y., (2007). Spectral filters can improve reading and visual search in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology. 254 (12), 1729-1735
Wilkins, AJ., Smith, J., Willison, CK., Beare, T., Boyd, A., Hardy, G., Mell, L., Peach, C. and Harper, S., (2007). Stripes within Words Affect Reading. Perception. 36 (12), 1788-1803
D'Ath, PJ., David Thomson, W. and Wilkins, AJ., (2007). Memory for the color of non-monochromatic lights. Color Research & Application. 32 (1), 11-15
Smith, L. and Wilkins, A., (2007). How many colours are necessary to increase the reading speed of children with visual stress? A comparison of two systems. Journal of Research in Reading. 30 (3), 332-343
Wilkins, A., Huang, J. and Cao, Y., (2007). Prevention of visual stress and migraine with precision spectral filters. Drug Development Research. 68 (7), 469-475
Griffin, M., Prior, D., Cooper, CE., Wilkins, AJ. and Elwell, CE., (2006). Near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Non-Invasive Assessment of Cortical Abnormality in Migraine?. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 578, 203-208
Ludlow, AK., Wilkins, AJ. and Heaton, P., (2006). The Effect of Coloured Overlays on Reading Ability in Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 36 (4), 507-516
Griffin, M., Prior, D., Cooper, CE., Wilkins, AJ. and Elwell, CE., (2006). Near infrared spectroscopy as a noninvasive assessment of cortical abnormality in migraine?. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 578, 203-208
RIDDELL, PM., WILKINS, A. and HAINLINE, L., (2006). The Effect of Colored Lenses on the Visual Evoked Response in Children With Visual Stress. Optometry and Vision Science. 83 (5), 299-305
Wilkins, AJ., Sihra, N. and Myers, A., (2005). Increasing Reading Speed by Using Colours: Issues concerning Reliability and Specificity, and Their Theoretical and Practical Implications. Perception. 34 (1), 109-120
Harding, G., Wilkins, AJ., Erba, G., Barkley, GL. and Fisher, RS., (2005). Photic- and Pattern-induced Seizures: Expert Consensus of the Epilepsy Foundation of America Working Group. Epilepsia. 46 (9), 1423-1425
Wilkins, A., Emmett, J. and Harding, G., (2005). Characterizing the Patterned Images That Precipitate Seizures and Optimizing Guidelines To Prevent Them. Epilepsia. 46 (8), 1212-1218
Fisher, RS., Harding, G., Erba, G., Barkley, GL. and Wilkins, A., (2005). Photic- and Pattern-induced Seizures: A Review for the Epilepsy Foundation of America Working Group. Epilepsia. 46 (9), 1426-1441
Wilkins, A., Sihra, N. and Smith, IN., (2005). How precise do precision tints have to be and how many are necessary?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 25 (3), 269-276
Wilkins, AJ., Bonanni, P., Porciatti, V. and Guerrini, R., (2004). Physiology of Human Photosensitivity. Epilepsia. 45 (s1), 7-13
Covanis, A., Stodieck, SRG. and Wilkins, AJ., (2004). Treatment of Photosensitivity. Epilepsia. 45 (s1), 40-45
Wilkins, A., Huang, J. and Cao, Y., (2004). Visual stress theory and its application to reading and reading tests. Journal of Research in Reading. 27 (2), 152-162
Waldie, M. and Wilkins, A., (2004). How big does a coloured overlay have to be?. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 24 (1), 57-60
Wilkins, AJ., Patel, R., Adjamian, P. and Evans, BJW., (2002). Tinted Spectacles and Visually Sensitive Migraine. Cephalalgia. 22 (9), 711-719
Hughes, LE. and Wilkins, AJ., (2002). Reading at a distance: Implications for the design of text in children's big books. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 72 (2), 213-226
Binnie, CD., Emmett, J., Gardiner, P., Harding, GFA., Harrison, D. and Wilkins, AJ., (2002). Characterizing the Flashing Television Images that Precipitate Seizures. SMPTE Journal. 111 (6-7), 323-329
Evans, BJW., Patel, R. and Wilkins, AJ., (2002). Optometric function in visually sensitive migraine before and after treatment with tinted spectacles. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 22 (2), 130-142
Bouldoukian, J., Wilkins, AJ. and Evans, BJW., (2002). Randomised controlled trial of the effect of coloured overlays on the rate of reading of people with specific learning difficulties. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 22 (1), 55-60
Wilkins, A., (2002). Coloured overlays and their effects on reading speed: a review. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 22 (5), 448-454
Scott, L., McWhinnie, H., Taylor, L., Stevenson, N., Irons, P., Lewis, E., Evans, M., Evans, B. and Wilkins, A., (2002). Coloured overlays in schools: orthoptic and optometric findings. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 22 (2), 156-165
Wilkins, AJ. and Sihra, N., (2001). A colorizer for use in determining an optimal ophthalmic tint. Color Research & Application. 26 (3), 246-253
Simmers, AJ., Bex, PJ., Smith, FKH. and Wilkins, AJ., (2001). Spatiotemporal visual function in tinted lens wearers. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 42 (3), 879-884
Simmers, AJ., Gray, LS. and Wilkins, AJ., (2001). The influence of tinted lenses upon ocular accommodation. Vision Research. 41 (9), 1229-1238
Wilkins, A., Lewis, E., Smith, F., Rowland, E. and Tweedie, W., (2001). Coloured overlays and their benefit for reading. Journal of Research in Reading. 24 (1), 41-64
Hughes, L. and Wilkins, A., (2000). Typography in children's reading schemes may be suboptimal: Evidence from measures of reading rate. Journal of Research in Reading. 23 (3), 314-324
Wilkins, AJ., Baker, A., Amin, D., Smith, S., Bradford, J., Zaiwalla, Z., Besag, FMC., Binnie, CD. and Fish, D., (1999). Treatment of photosensitive epilepsy using coloured glasses. Seizure. 8 (8), 444-449
Evans, BJW., Patel, R., Wilkins, AJ., Lightstone, A., Eperjesi, F., Speedwell, L. and Duffy, J., (1999). A review of the management of 323 consecutive patients seen in a specific learning difficulties clinic. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 19 (6), 454-466
Lightstone, A., Lightstone, T. and Wilkins, A., (1999). Both coloured overlays and coloured lenses can improve reading fluency, but their optimal chromaticities differ. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 19 (4), 279-285
Trenite, DGAK-N., Binnie, CD., Harding, GFA. and Wilkins, A., (1999). Photic Stimulation: Standardization of Screening Methods. Epilepsia. 40 (s4), 75-79
Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, DGA., Binnie, CD., Harding, GFA., Wilkins, A., Covanis, T., Eeg-Olofsson, O., Goosens, L., Henriksen, O., Krämer, G., Leyten, F., Lopes Da Silva, FH., Martins Da Silva, A., Naquet, R., Pedersen, B., Ricci, S., Rubboli, G., Spekreijse, H. and Waltz, S., (1999). Photic stimulation — standardization of screening methods. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology. 29 (4), 318-324
Wilkins, A. and Lewis, E., (1999). Coloured Overlays, Text, and Texture. Perception. 28 (5), 641-650
Binnie, CD. and Wilkins, AJ., (1998). Visually induced seizures not caused by flicker (intermittent light stimulation).. Advances in neurology. 75, 123-138
Jeanes, R., Busby, A., Martin, J., Lewis, E., Stevenson, N., Pointon, D. and Wilkins, A., (1997). Prolonged use of coloured overlays for classroom reading. British Journal of Psychology. 88 (4), 531-548
Sellen, AJ., Louie, G., Harris, JE. and Wilkins, AJ., (1997). What Brings Intentions to Mind? An In Situ Study of Prospective Memory. Memory. 5 (4), 483-507
CHEN, E., LAM, L., CHEN, R., NGUYEN, D., CHAN, C. and WILKINS, A., (1997). Neuropsychological correlates of sustained attention in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 24 (3), 299-310
BINNIE, CD., WILKINS;, AJ., CABRERA-VALDIVIA, F., JIMENEZ-JIMENEZ, FJ., TEJEIRO, J., AYUSO-PERALTA, L., VAQUERO, A. and GARCIA-ALBEA, E., (1997). Ecstatic seizures induced by television. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 63 (2), 273a-273a
(1997). Prolonged use of coloured overlays for classroom reading.. British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953). 88
Evans, B., (1996). A preliminary investigation into the aetiology of Meares—Irlen syndrome. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 16 (4), 286-296
Wilkins, A., (1996). Rate of Reading Test®: its reliability, and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 16 (6), 491-497
Chronicle, E. and Wilkins, AJ., (1996). Gratings That Induce Perceptual Distortions Mask Superimposed Targets. Perception. 25 (6), 661-668
Wilkins, AJ., Jeanes, RJ., Pumfrey, PD. and Laskier, M., (1996). Rate of Reading Test® : Its reliability, and its validity in the assessment of the effects of coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 16 (6), 491-497
Chronicle, EP., Wilkins, AJ. and Coleston, DM., (1995). Thresholds for Detection of a Target Against a Background Grating Suggest Visual Dysfunction in Migraine With Aura But Not Migraine Without Aura. Cephalalgia. 15 (2), 117-122
Tyrrell, R., Holland, K., Dennis, D. and Wilkins, A., (1995). Coloured overlays, visual discomfort, visual search and classroom reading. Journal of Research in Reading. 18 (1), 10-23
Chronicle, E., (1995). A Reply to Legg and Khalil. Cephalalgia. 15 (6), 537-537
Evans, B., (1995). Optometric correlates of Meares—Irlen Syndrome: a matched group study. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 15 (5), 481-487
Wilkins, A., (1995). Matters arising. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 15 (1), 4-4
Wilkins, A., (1994). Overlays for classroom and optometric use. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 14 (1), 97-99
Wilkins, AJ., Evans, BJW., Brown, JA., Busby, AE., Wingfield, AE., Jeanes, RJ. and Bald, J., (1994). Double-masked placebo-controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 14 (4), 365-370
Chen, EYH., Wilkins, AJ. and McKenna, PJ., (1994). Semantic memory is both impaired and anomalous in schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 24 (1), 193-202
Wilkins, AJ., Evans, BJW., Brown, JA., Busby, AE., Wingfield, AE., Jeanes, RJ. and Bald, J., (1994). Double‐masked placebo‐controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 14 (4), 365-370
Binnie, CD., Harding, GFA., Richens, A. and Wilkins, A., (1994). Video games and epileptic seizures—a consensus statement. Seizure. 3 (4), 245-246
Wilkins, A., (1994). Double-masked placebo-controlled trial of precision spectral filters in children who use coloured overlays. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 14 (4), 365-370
Maclachlan, A., Yale, S. and Wilkins, A., (1993). Open trial of subjective precision tinting: a follow-up of 55 patients. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 13 (2), 175-178
Wilkins, A., Milroy, R., Nimmo-Smith, I., Wright, A., Tyrrell, R., Holland, K., Martin, J., Bald, J., Yale, S., Miles, T. and Noakes, T., (1992). Preliminary observations concerning treatment of visual discomfort and associated perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 12 (2), 257-263
Wilkins, AJ., Nimmo-Smith, I. and Jansons, JE., (1992). Colorimeter for the intuitive manipulation of hue and saturation and its role in the study of perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 12 (3), 381-385
Smith, AP., Tyrrell, DAJ., Barrow, GI., Higgins, PG., Bull, S., Trickett, S. and Wilkins, AJ., (1992). The common cold, pattern sensitivity and contrast sensitivity. Psychological Medicine. 22 (2), 487-494
Wilkins, A., (1992). Colorimeter for the intuitive manipulation of hue and saturation and its role in the study of perceptual distortion. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 12 (3), 381-385
Wilkins, A. and Neary, C., (1991). Some visual, optometric and perceptual effects of coloured glasses. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 11 (2), 163-171
Chronicle, EP. and Wilkins, AJ., (1991). Colour and visual discomfort in migraineurs. The Lancet. 338 (8771), 890-890
Wilkins, AJ. and Wilkinson, P., (1991). A tint to reduce eye-strain from fluorescent lighting? Preliminary observations. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 11 (2), 172-175
Wilkins, A., Peck, A. and Jordan, B., (1991). Visual discomfort in the classroom. Child Language Teaching and Therapy. 7 (3), 326-340
Wilkins, AJ. and Clark, C., (1990). Modulation of light from fluorescent lamps. Lighting Research & Technology. 22 (2), 103-109
Hazell, J. and Wilkins, AJ., (1990). A contribution of fluorescent lighting to agoraphobia. Psychological Medicine. 20 (3), 591-596
Somazzi, L., Della Sala, S. and Wilkins, AJ., (1990). A simple test of contrast sensitivity in glaucoma. Italian Journal of Ophthalmology. 4 (4), 209-213
Neary, C. and Wilkins, AJ., (1989). Effects of Phosphor Persistence on Perception and the Control of Eye Movements. Perception. 18 (2), 257-264
Watts, FN. and Wilkins, AJ., (1989). The role of provocative visual stimuli in agoraphobia. Psychological Medicine. 19 (4), 875-885
Wilkins, AJ., Plant, G. and Huddy, A., (1989). NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO REHABILITATION OF A STROKE PATIENT. The Lancet. 333 (8628), 54-54
Wilkins, AJ., Nimmo-Smith, I., Slater, AI. and Bedocs, L., (1989). Fluorescent lighting, headaches and eyestrain. Lighting Research & Technology. 21 (1), 11-18
Wilkins, AJ., Della Sala, S., Somazzi, L. and Nimmo-Smith, I., (1988). Age-related norms for the Cambridge Low Contrast Gratings, including details concerning their design and use. Clinical Vision Sciences. 2 (3), 201-212
Pelli, DG., Robson, JG. and Wilkins, AJ., (1988). The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clinical Vision Sciences. 2 (3), 187-199
Wilkins, A., (1988). Visual distress in the office environment. Facilities. 6 (4), 9-12
Della Sala, S., Comi, G., Martinelli, V., Somazzi, L. and Wilkins, AJ., (1987). The rapid assessment of visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 50 (7), 840-846
Wilkins, AJ., Shallice, T. and McCarthy, R., (1987). Frontal lesions and sustained attention. Neuropsychologia. 25 (2), 359-365
Binnie, CD., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité, DGA., Smit, AM. and Wilkins, AJ., (1987). Interactions of epileptiform EEG discharges and cognition. Epilepsy Research. 1 (4), 239-245
Nulty, DD., Wilkins, AJ. and Williams, JMG., (1987). Mood, pattern sensitivity and headache: a longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine. 17 (3), 705-713
WILKINS, AJ. and NIMMO-SMITH, MI., (1987). The clarity and comfort of printed text. Ergonomics. 30 (12), 1705-1720
Darby, CE., Park, DM., Smith, AT. and Wilkins, AJ., (1986). EEG characteristics of epileptic pattern sensitivity and their relation to the nature of pattern stimulation and the effects of sodium valproate. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 63 (6), 517-525
Wilkins, A., (1986). What is visual discomfort?. Trends in Neurosciences. 9 (C), 343-346
Wilkins, AJ., (1986). Remembering to do things in the laboratory and everyday life. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 74 (S109), 109-112
Wilkins, AJ., (1986). On the manner in which sensory and cognitive processes contribute to epileptogenesis, and are disrupted by it. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 74 (S109), 91-96
Wilkins, A., (1986). Intermittent Illumination from Visual Display Units and Fluorescent Lighting Affects Movements of the Eyes Across Text. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. 28 (1), 75-81
Bertoni, G., Somazzi, L., Blini, M., Della Sala, S. and Wilkins, A., (1986). Contrast sensitivity using a new forced-choice test. Bulletins et memoires de la Societe francaise d"ophtalmologie. 97, 140-145
Friedman, WJ. and Wilkins, AJ., (1985). Scale effects in memory for the timeof events. Memory & Cognition. 13 (2), 168-175
Della Sala, S., Bertoni, G., Somazzi, L., Stubbe, F. and Wilkins, AJ., (1985). Impaired contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy: a new technique for rapid assessment.. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 69 (2), 136-142
Binnie, CD., Findlay, J. and Wilkins, AJ., (1985). Mechanisms of epileptogenesis in photosensitive epilepsy implied by the effects of moving patterns. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 61 (1), 1-6
Wilkins, AJ., (1985). Discomfort and visual displays. Displays. 6 (2), 101-103
Sala, SD., Somazzi, L. and Wilkins, AJ., (1985). RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING "BLURRED VISION" IN DISEASES OF PRIMARY VISUAL PATHWAYS. The Lancet. 326 (8462), 1015-1016
Binnie, CD., Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, DGA., De Korte, R. and Wilkins, A., (1985). VISUAL DISPLAY UNITS AND RISK OF SEIZURES. The Lancet. 325 (8435), 991-991
WILKINS, A., NIMMO-SMITH, IAN., TAIT, A., McMANUS, CHRISTOPHER., SALA, SD., TILLEY, A., ARNOLD, KIM., BARRIE, M. and SCOTT, S., (1984). A NEUROLOGICAL BASIS FOR VISUAL DISCOMFORT. Brain. 107 (4), 989-1017
Wilkins, AJ. and Nimmo-Smith, I., (1984). ON THE REDUCTION OF EYE-STRAIN WHEN READING. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 4 (1), 53-59
AARTS, JHP., BINNIE, CD., SMIT, AM. and WILKINS, AJ., (1984). SELECTIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT DURING FOCAL AND GENERALIZED EPILEPTIFORM EEG ACTIVITY. Brain. 107 (1), 293-308
Wilkins, A., (1984). On the reduction of eye-strain when reading. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 4 (1), 53-59
Wilkins, AJ., Zifkin, B., Andermann, F. and McGovern, E., (1982). Seizures induced by thinking. Annals of Neurology. 11 (6), 608-612
Wastell, DG., Wilkins, AJ. and Darby, CE., (1982). Self-induction of epileptic seizures by eye-closure. Spectral analysis of concomitant EEG.. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 45 (12), 1151-1152
Wilkins, AJ., Binnie, CD. and Darby, CE., (1981). Interhemispheric differences in photosensitive epilepsy. I. Pattern sensitivity thresholds. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 52 (5), 461-468
Binnie, CD., Wilkins, AJ. and de Korte, RA., (1981). Interhemispheric differences in photosensitive epilepsy. II. intermittent photic stimulation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 52 (5), 469-472
Wilkins, AJ., Binnie, CD. and Darby, CE., (1980). Visually-induced seizures. Progress in Neurobiology. 15 (2), 85-117
Binnie, CD., Darby, CE., de Korte, RA., Veldhuizen, R. and Wilkins, AJ., (1980). EEG sensitivity to television: Effects of ambient lighting. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 50 (3-4), 329-331
Darby, CE., Korte, RA., Binnie, CD. and Wilkins, AJ., (1980). The Self-induction of Epileptic Seizures by Eye Closure. Epilepsia. 21 (1), 31-42
Binnie, CD., Darby, CE., De Korte, RA. and Wilkins, AJ., (1980). Self-induction of epileptic seizures by eyeclosure: incidence and recognition.. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 43 (5), 386-389
Darby, CE., Wilkins, AJ., Binnie, CD. and De Korte, R., (1980). Routine testing for pattern sensitivity. Journal of Electrophysiological Technology. 6 (4), 202-210
WILKINS, AJ., DARBY, CE. and BINNIE, CD., (1979). NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PATTERN-SENSITIVE EPILEPSY. Brain. 102 (1), 1-25
Wilkins, AJ., Darby, CE., Binnie, CD., Stefansson, SB., Jeavons, PM. and Harding, GFA., (1979). Television epilepsy — The role of pattern. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 47 (2), 163-171
Wilkins, A. and Moscovitch, M., (1978). Selective impairment of semantic memory after temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychologia. 16 (1), 73-79
Stefansson, SB., Darby, CE., Wilkins, AJ., Binnie, CD., Marlton, AP., Smith, AT. and Stockley, AV., (1977). Television epilepsy and pattern sensitivity.. BMJ. 2 (6079), 88-90
Wilkins, AJ., Darby, CE. and Binnie, CD., (1977). Optical treatment of photosensitive epilepsy. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 43 (4)
WILKINS, AJ., ANDERMANN, F. and IVES, J., (1975). STRIPES, COMPLEX CELLS AND SEIZURES. Brain. 98 (3), 365-380
(1975). The EEG society. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 39 (4), 428-430
Wilkins, A. and Stewart, A., (1974). The time course of lateral asymmetries in visual perception of letters.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 102 (5), 905-908
Wilkins, AJ., (1971). Conjoint frequency, category size, and categorization time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior. 10 (4), 382-385
Allen, PM., Evans, BJW. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Vision and Reading Difficulties. 0955923514. 9780955923517
Wilkins, A., (2003). Reading Through Colour How Coloured Filters Can Reduce Reading Difficulty, Eye Strain, and Headaches. John Wiley & Sons Incorporated
Wilkins, AJ., (1995). Visual Stress. Oxford University Press on Demand. 019852174X. 9780198521747
Wilkins, A., (2012). Origins of Visual Stress. In: Visual Aspects of Dyslexia. Oxford University Press. 63- 78. 9780199589814
Wilkins, AJ., (2016). A physiological basis for visual discomfort: Application in lighting design
Penacchio, O., Wilkins, AJ., Otazu, X. and Harris, JM., (2016). Inhibitory function and its contribution to cortical hyperexcitability and visual discomfort as assessed by a computation model of cortical function
Wilkins, AJ. and Hibbard, PB., (2014). Discomfort and hypermetabolism
Atallah, P., Pelah, A. and Wilkins, A., (2012). Visual stress symptoms from stereoscopic television
Lehman, B., Wilkins, A., Berman, S., Poplawski, M. and Johnson Miller, N., (2011). Proposing measures of flicker in the low frequencies for lighting applications
Wang, Z., So, R., Chan, C. and Wilkins, A., (2011). Cortical neural response to visual navigation through a Virtual environment
Jainta, S., Jaschinski, W. and Wilkins, AJ., (2010). Fixation disparity during reading is affected by periodic letter strokes within a word
Wilkins, A., Veitch, J. and Lehman, B., (2010). LED lighting flicker and potential health concerns: IEEE standard PAR1789 update
Wilkins, AJ., Tang, P., Irabor, J., Baningham, L. and Coutts, L., (2008). Cortical haemodynamic response to coloured gratings
Wright, BN., Wilkins, AJ. and Zoukos, Y., (2007). The efficacy of intuitive overlays and precision tints in improving reading and visual search in patients with multiple sclerosis
Wilkins, AJ., Smith, J. and Beare, T., (2005). Reading speed and the self-similarity of word shape
Evans, BJW., Busby, A., Jeanes, R. and Wilkins, AJ., (1995). Optometric correlates of Meares-Irlen Syndrome: a matched group study
Wilkins, AJ., (1993). Health and efficiency in lighting practice
Wilkins, A., (1992). Treatment of visual discomfort and associated perceptual distortion using tinted spectacle lenses
Wilkins, A. and Tillotson, HT., (1991). Enhancement of highway maintenance management systems through optimization of critical deterioration levels
Wilkins, AJ. and Elgy, J., (1991). DEX. An expert system for the design of durable concrete
WILKINS, AJ., (1991). Visual display units versus visual computation
Wilkins, A., (1985). VISUAL DISCOMFORT AND CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAYS.
67% - To develop and launch the next generation of colorimetry technology and embed the capability to support and enhance it in the future.
Technology STrategy Board
Cerium Visual Technologies Ltd
Advising on Educational Materials
Academic support hours:
http://www1.essex.ac.uk/psychology/overlays/publications2.htm


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Ólafur Eðvarð Rafnsson (7. dubna 1963 – 19. června 2013 Ženeva) byl islandský basketbalista a basketbalový funkcionář.

Život
Hrál basketbal, v roce 1988 se stal mistrem Islandu s týmem Haukar Hafnarfjörður. Nastupoval též za reprezentaci a hrál evropské klubové poháry. Byl také trenérem, a to až na úrovni nejvyšší islandské soutěže mužů i žen.

V letech 1996 až 2006 byl předsedou islandského basketbalového svazu. Za dobu jeho působení narostl počet basketbalových klubů v ligových soutěží v zemi o 106 %. 29. dubna 2006 byl zvolen předsedou Islandské olympijské a sportovní asociace, čili místního národního olympijského výboru. V roce 1993 byl spoluzakladatelem islandské asociace basketbalu vozíčkářů.

V roce 2002 se stal členem rady Evropské basketbalové federace FIBA Europe a v roce 2010 byl zvolen jejím předsedou, když ve volbě s protikandidátem Turgayem Demirelem z Turecka získal 32 z 51 hlasů. V květnu 2011 odvolal generálního sekretáře FIBA Europe Nara Zanolina, což vyvolalo reakci 28 členských svazů federace, které se obrátily na Mezinárodní sportovní arbitráž (CAS) v Lausanne s žádostí o svolání mimořádné valné hromady s jediným bodem, a to volbou nového vedení. CAS musel rozhodnout, protože stanovy FIBA Europe neobsahují žádnou standardní metodu k odvolání vedení federace. CAS žádost svazů odmítl, Ólafur pak věc okomentoval s tím, že svazy měly své úsilí, věnované žádosti pro CAS, zaměřit spíš na rozvoj basketbalu.

Vystudoval práva a civilním zaměstnáním byl advokát, provozoval vlastní advokátní kancelář. Měl manželku a tři děti.

Zemřel v průběhu návštěvy na jednání FIBA v Ženevě.

Reference

Islandští sportovní funkcionáři
Islandští basketbalisté
Narození v roce 1963
Narození 7. dubna
Úmrtí v roce 2013
Úmrtí 19. června
Muži
Úmrtí v Ženevě

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In the international child protection field, people tend to work in silos. Some may work on child trafficking, intercountry adoption, or cross-border migration, but all of these topics overlap. Events in Guatemala provide evidence of how content-specific interventions don't go far enough to address root problems. Three critical events over the past 10 years: the closing of Guatemala's intercountry adoption program, the influx of unaccompanied children to Mexico and the U.S., and the recent horrific fire at Hogar Seguro Virgen de la Asunción – an orphanage in Guatemala, all demonstrate that breaking down silos and investing in a comprehensive child protection system is necessary for future generations of children in Guatemala to survive.
Intercountry adoption scandals in Guatemala revealed that many children were being adopted in nefarious ways: some were kidnapped from poor mothers, and others were bought in exchange for large sums of money from families to "voluntarily relinquish" said children. Guatemala then passed new adoption legislation to regulate intercountry adoption, implement safeguards of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, and shut down their intercountry adoption program.
Despite funding assistance to improve domestic and international child welfare and adoption practices, Guatemala's child protection systems remain mired in inefficiencies. Several years ago, International Social Service-USA experienced firsthand the challenges in the country's domestic adoption system. We worked on a case that involved several U.S. children in Guatemala's child protection system who were being considered for placement with an aunt and uncle that lived in the U.S. Unfortunately, a series of court delays and hurdles prolonged a placement decision. Nearly three years later, the children remain in Guatemala's state care, and their fate is still in the hands of Guatemala's courts. Intercountry adoption scandals and inefficiencies in family court are just one part of the story.
In 2014, the influx of migrating children from Guatemala and other regions to the U.S. hit an all-time high. This was due in part to the prevalence of violence, child abuse, and neglect, as well as the lack of strong child protection infrastructures. The fixes Guatemala made to their child protection systems in response to the intercountry adoption scandals were not close to enough to protect children overall. Large flows of children have continued since 2014, and addressing root causes of migration remains as critical as ever.
Most recently, the world learned of the horrific fire that claimed the lives of 40 girls who were living in an institution run by the Guatemalan government. What makes this horrifying situation even worse is that some parents had chosen to place their children at this facility. They believed that by doing so, they were protecting them from dangers at home and were preventing their children from the violence that many experience on the journey through Mexico and into the United States.
Unfortunately, investments in the region typically focus on economic growth, foreign investment, and security rather than social work or child protection.
If social work and child protection became priorities, the Northern Triangle and Mexico regions could build the capacity of their local social work systems. This financial support in the region would mean more children would remain with their families, and fewer children would be killed, abducted, trafficked, abandoned, abused, or flee to the U.S. without documentation.
What would it look like if we invested in social workers and child welfare in Guatemala?
Families in danger of breaking apart would be helped, trained, and supervised by a social worker who could coordinate services, cash assistance, or family-based care.
Children unable to remain with their families would live with other kin or in foster care, where they would be under the careful and regulated supervision of social workers within an organized child welfare system.
The child welfare system would be adequately equipped with lawyers and social workers trained in both domestic and cross-border issues who could make timely decisions in the best interest of children. By arming them with knowledge, they could better protect children from trafficking and promote outcomes in the best interest of the child in intercountry adoption and migration.
The number of government institutions would decrease dramatically or disappear entirely. Specialized and well-supervised care facilities would remain for certain children who, even under the best of circumstances, are unable to live in a family because they require extraordinary supervision.
Guatemala would have a DNA database to help individuals find their biological relatives in Guatemala and overseas. Social workers could provide appropriate support during and after this process while facilitating searches and reunions.
Child protection systems in Guatemala could extend their reach and work with entities worldwide to help children and families separated across borders due to trafficking, migration, adoption or abuse and neglect. International Social Service partners could assist by providing case management and linking people to information, legal support, and social services.
These different events offer insight into the weaknesses that exist in child protection systems. They also help us understand just how important it is to enhance child protection systems to improve outcomes for all children – whether they are being adopted, living in state care, a victim of human trafficking or migrating to another region.
This entry was posted in General and tagged adoption, Child Abuse, Child Protection, Child Safety, child welfare, institutions, migration, social services, social work on April 24, 2017 by Felicity Northcott.


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Wicker: Highlights Mississippi's Defense Role in Armed Services Hearings
As a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, I am directly involved with the defense authorization process and the blueprint it provides for the future vitality of our troops. In recent days, the committee has heard from various defense officials about President Obama's proposed changes to funding and force structure, including several that affect Mississippi. Our state plays a crucial role in supporting America's national defense, and I remain committed to seeing that this tradition of excellence continues.
A major concern with President Obama's latest budget is the impact it could have on the preparedness of America's service members. Military readiness is a top priority for the Armed Services Committee, which is tasked each year with assessing the President's budget requests before a defense authorization bill is finalized.
Meridian Part of the Fight Against Drug Trafficking
In a recent hearing, I was encouraged to hear Gen. Frank Grass, chief of the National Guard Bureau, express his support for the Guard's counterdrug training centers. President Obama's Fiscal Year 2015 budget eliminates funding for this program, despite the proven value that these schools provide in the fight against drug trafficking.
This value is certainly true at Naval Air Station Meridian, which is home to the Regional Counterdrug Training Academy – one of five such schools in the country. Feedback from state officials and academy graduates on the quality of training there has been incredibly positive. As Gen. Grass noted, counterdrug training centers have successfully trained more than 600,000 law enforcement agents since they were established over two decades ago. He agreed that the program's funding should be continued by Congress given its many contributions to public safety and national security.
Keesler Offers State-of-the-Art Facility for C-130Js
Another issue I have brought to the committee's attention is the future of the C-130J transport planes at Keesler Air Force Base, which the Air Force plans to move to Little Rock, Arkansas.
The Air Force has tried to transfer 10 of the C-130Js, which are used for tactical airlift missions, from Keesler three times in the past two years, although the reasons for the decision have yet to be adequately explained. Not only would the relocation cause disruptions for personnel and their families but there are also serious doubts it would actually produce the financial savings the Air Force projects.
Keesler is a state-of-the-art base that taxpayers have spent millions of dollars to equip with modern hangars and facilities. Last year, it was recognized as the top Air Force installation in the country, receiving the Commander-in-Chief's Installation Excellence award. It offers a well-equipped spot for the C-130Js, which should remain there permanently. As I have made clear to Air Force officials, I am willing to work with them to achieve overall savings, but answers are still needed about the cost-effectiveness of a transfer from Keesler.
Mississippi's Cadets Carry on Service Tradition
There are plenty of reasons why our state is recognized for its contributions to America's military might – in particular, the proud tradition of service exemplified by generations of Mississippians. In February, I was reminded of this enduring legacy while visiting with cadets from our state at the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York.
These young leaders should never doubt that they will have the high-quality training and resources they need to execute their missions. As a new defense authorization bill is crafted, we must do our part to ensure that current and future service members comprise the best-trained, best-led fighting force in the world.
–Mississippi Senator Roger Wicker is a former President of the Ole Miss Associated Student Body.
Frank Grass
Ole Miss' Freeze, Tuohy Take Golf Talents To Chick-fil-A Bowl Challenge
Local Flavor Makes Carry-Out Easy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Reports|Research, Mapping, and Data Analytics
The Rural Aperture Project: Leveraging data to gain new insights into rural America
Picture rural America.
What is the setting — farmland, forest, desert? What buildings do you see — a small town, houses dotting the landscape? Who lives there — what is their background, what do they do?
Each person who imagines rural America will likely generate their own picture, whether it's based on personal experience or based on what they've seen in the media.
But this often fails to reflect the vast geography of the rural U.S., made up of varied places with unique histories, landscapes, and peoples.
As a result, our own pictures of rural America can be limiting, which is why we created the Rural Aperture Project, a multi-story series funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Thrive Rural initiative, that uses data to shift the national conversation about racial and economic equity in rural places.
Much like a photographer adjusting the aperture and exposure on a camera to bring additional details into focus, we have collaborated with MDC, our partner organization that brings expertise in research on equity issues, to publish data visualizations and accompanying narratives that create a more accurate portrayal of rural America. By zooming in and out to look at rural America on local, regional, and national levels, we can better understand rural America today and begin to debunk long-standing myths and misconceptions.
The Rural Aperture Project is intended to provide all those advancing rural prosperity — from practitioners to journalists, researchers, philanthropists, and government officials — with accessible data, graphics, and narratives to inform how they can better tell stories, conduct research, distribute resources, make investments, or develop policy that is backed by up-to-date data. All data visualizations will be available for download and public use, which we highly encourage.
Rural Aperture Project data stories
Over the course of the next few months, we will be releasing a series of these data stories, with each story building on the last:
1. Defining rural America
The consequences of how we count: This story dives into how the different definitions of "rural" used by the federal government paint vastly different pictures of rural places, and have major implications in both how stories are told and funds are distributed.
2. Who lives in rural America?
While the image of rural America is often portrayed predominantly white, conservative, and low-income, this two-part story focuses on the often overlooked and misunderstood realities of racial and ethnic diversity in rural America.
I. How data shapes conceptions of diversity II. The geography of rural race and ethnicity
Contact the authors
MDC: MDC is a nonprofit organization that partners with Southern leaders and communities to catalyze systemic change and allows more people to thrive, and offers research and analysis, community change and advisory services that can help communities create an "infrastructure of opportunity" — the aligned systems and supports that can boost everyone, particularly those who've been left behind, to higher rungs on the economic ladder.
Thrive Rural: A small group of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grantees is working collaboratively towards a future where communities and Native nations across the rural United States are places where each and every person belongs, lives with dignity, and thrives. This work is one piece of that effort. For more information, please visit, ThriveRural.org.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is committed to improving health and health equity in the U.S. In partnership with others, it is working to develop a Culture of Health rooted in equity that provides every individual with a fair and just opportunity to thrive, no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they have.
Next Resource The Rural Edge: Ada, Oklahoma


← Monday…not one of my best day of the week!!
I do agree about TV programs aren't give any good show. In my country, there are so many drama that looked like a reality show too, even worse. For the example; "Termehek-mehek" – a tv program that contains about a person who make a report to the program's crew, trying to find missing people, then the program crew give the help to find the missing people. There are many problem when they try to find the missing by the clues. But, the program is looked fake, cause it's so ridiculous to know that they are looked like amateur actor/actress who act like in a real situation. A public lie.
There are many reality show trying to blow up the pathetic of poor people, show their tears as a rating booster. Another reality shows about the paranormal activities that too much to be showed in one day.


Great having a decent sized fridge and the washing machine/dryer was very handy and easy to use. Had a hire car so was easy to do day trips and get shopping.
Perfectly located for touring both Devon and Cornwall, this charming, beautifully furnished cottage is set in the tiny village of Lower Metherell in the heart of the stunning Tamar Valley 3 miles from the picturesque riverside village of Calstock.
You will appreciate the homely feel that exudes throughout, the moment you enter this lovely cottage which is full of character.
The living room with cosy sofas and a delightful dining area is a most relaxing room and leads through to the well-equipped kitchen.
From here there is access to the pretty little patio which is a real suntrap and ideal for an early morning cuppa.
There are two well-furnished double bedrooms here, both having the advantage of en-suite facilities.
Less than a one minute walk back along the lane to the village centre takes you to the iconic Carpenters Arms serving quality homemade food and quality local ales, this very friendly 15th century pub with low ceilings and slate floors is most peoples' idea of the perfect country pub and is highly recommended.
A beautiful walk along country lanes and footpaths takes you to one of the National Trusts finest Cornish properties, Cotehele House which is a must visit.
With the beautiful villages in the Tamar Valley just waiting to be explored and both the historic towns of Tavistock and Plymouth both within half an hours' drive, Blue Mist offers excellent accommodation in a perfect village location to be enjoyed all year round.
Two double bedrooms with en-suite shower, basin and WC. Kitchen with breakfast bar. Sitting room with dining area. Note: Second bedroom has a small double bed.
Calstock 2 miles; Tavistock 7 miles; Plymouth 15 miles.
The village of Lower Metherell is set in the Tamar Valley, which has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and is famous for its stunning scenery, countryside and riverside walks.
Lower Metherell is a peaceful quaint village with character Cornish cottages and two pubs with restaurants serving real ale and local produce.
The village is two miles from the picturesque riverside village of Calstock, dominated by the majestic 120 feet high, twelve arch viaduct.
Boats and canoes can be launched on the River Tamar and Calstock offers two local pubs, a village shop and an art gallery.
Cotehele House, a 14th Century National Trust property, is a short 20 minute walk along the river from Calstock and is well worth a visit.
The Tamar Valley branch line connects Plymouth to Calstock and the train journey boasts beautiful scenery.
Further afield is the historic pannier town of Tavistock and the vibrant city of Plymouth has theatres, the Barbican quayside, marine aquarium and shops..


One of the most pervasive and most annoying lies in magic is that if you're a good magician, spectators won't want to look at your props. Or that if they do, you can somehow remove that inclination with proper "audience management." I'm not sure where this idea originated. It probably came from one of those crusty old magic theory books which are great as historical documents, but, sadly, less and less relevant about performing for actual people in the modern world.
People selling magic tricks have long proposed this idea as well. "No, the restored card can't be examined, but your audience won't want to examine it." This is their way of getting around selling half of a trick. If a restored object, for example, can't be handled by the spectator then the trick you have isn't, "I can tear a card and restore it." The trick you have is, "I can tear a card and make it look restored." Audiences know the difference.
Now, because you had a lot of magic marketers repeating this claim, it got picked up by the rejects on the Magic Cafe and other message boards as well and it just rattled around that retard echo-chamber until it became not just an opinion, but almost an accepted rule of magic: If people want to examine your props, you're not a good magician.
But if you change one object to another, or tear and restore something, or harmlessly penetrate something, or change the color of something -- and if you do these things in a close-up situation -- then I would argue that the trick is not complete until the audience has examined the object of the effect at the end.
"But they should believe the magic is coming from you, not the props, so why would they want to examine them?"
For the sake of argument, let's pretend a modern audience is really going to be convinced that you have some sort of supernatural powers. Does that mean they don't want to look at an object that you affected with your magic? Why would that be? I would think it would be just the opposite.
We need to stop seeing spectator examination as some sort of challenge. We only see it as a challenge because we're not prepared for it in many cases so it is a challenge to us. But for the spectator, wanting to look at the object is often just a natural reaction to being shown something amazing with that object. It's not about "figuring it out" or debunking you, it's about taking interest in what you just showed them.
If you're having a hard time understanding this, imagine you are Jesus. You're Jesus and you're showing a miracle to one of your believers. "I changed this water into wine," you say.
What would be the reasonable response you would expect here?
The disciple says, "Amazing," turns around and walks away.
The disciple says, "Amazing. Can I have a sip?" And Jesus says, "Uhm, no, maybe later. First let me show you how I multiply these loaves and fishes."
The disciple says, "Amazing!" And Jesus holds out the glass for him to drink from.
The first option is the bizarre way magicians want their spectators to react. They want them to be impressed but simultaneously take zero interest in what they've shown them after the trick is done from the magician's point of view.
The second option is how magicians suggest you handle a "difficult" spectator. Move on to something else.
The third option is the normal and natural response of both the miracle worker and the audience.
Notice that we've removed the notion of believability and skepticism. This is someone performing real miracles for a believer.
So when you consider a new trick, put yourself in the role of Jesus showing it to one of his disciples. The deck changes color. Does Jesus immediately put it in his robe? No. Does Jesus move on to another effect? No. He would hand them deck so they can look at this miraculous object. He is not giving them the deck to convince them. He's giving them the deck because that would be part of the natural action when demonstrating something like this.


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Q: Nginx Fastcgi performance issues I am running several fastcgi servers behind Nginx.
I run 3 Nginx workers and 6 fastcgi servers as upstream backends.
When I run load tests of 1 req per sec, I can clearly see that on avarage a reply is 0.1sec, but from time to time there are 3.1 sec responses.
It is a suspiciously deterministic number and it happens even at very small loads from time to time. Both CPU and Memory are of no issue at all.
Any idea where this delay may be comming from? Any suggestions how to debug this?
Many thanks,
Barry.

A: 3 seconds is tcp timeout if server is not responding. Check your nginx logs for connection timeouts.

A: Are you running with parallell requests? If so, please see below. If not, I would suggest looking into your backend servers. Maybe your environment has some kind of profiling tools, which you can use too see the time from a request is received to a response is sent.
If you are running in parallell: if all your 6 fastcgi servers are busy serving requests, the next request would have to wait until one fastcgi server is ready to process it. If the requests you are making in your trials are of somewhat similar nature and have a similar response time, then you would see the same patterns over and over again.
What is your backend? Is it threaded?
Here's what I suggest:

*

*Set up some monitoring so you can see the response times over time, and maybe even create a nice graph

*

*Try increasing the number of fastcgi processes and/or use threads if it suits your environment.

*Inspect the response time, go back to step 2.

By the way, use just one nginx worker, you don't need more than one unless you have tons of traffic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Then your grant author is granted a share of the offer that is awarded.
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I was provided me with a very helpful 'Preparing to Let' factsheet, clear explanation of their role and how they would deliver on this. They took professional, accurate photos and found the right tenant for my property ensuring there were good references. I was kept informed and updated along the way and heartened to hear the assurance that they had undertaken three monthly inspections …. so basically they did what they said they would, with the level of expertise I had been promised, removing the stress and hassle of having to deal with the 1001 practicalities and legalities of renting out your property …they just got on with their job"
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Corod é uma comuna romena localizada no distrito de Galaţi, na região de Moldávia. A comuna possui uma área de 105.59 km² e sua população era de 7648 habitantes segundo o censo de 2007.

Comunas de Galați (distrito)


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DRUUMM: Rooted in renewal
Commentary: Diverse Revolutionary Unitarian Universalist Multicultural Ministries is renewing its relationship with the UUA.
DRUUMM (Diverse & Revolutionary UU Multicultural Ministries) 6/1/2019 Summer 2019
DRUUMM Commentary: Rooted in renewal
DRUUMM (Diverse & Revolutionary UU Multicultural Ministries)
UU World Magazine Summer 2019 , published by the Unitarian Universalist Association
We write to announce that Diverse Revolutionary Unitarian Universalist Multicultural Ministries (DRUUMM), the oldest and largest UU people of color organization, is renewing its relationship with the UUA, a relationship that first started in 1997 but has had nearly a decade of disinvestment.
This renewed promise from the UUA includes $50,000 in operational funding for both this fiscal year and the next year, as well as additional UUA staff support. Renewing this relationship demanded significant spiritual, emotional, physical, and financial energy of DRUUMM leadership, energy that has allowed us to survive for the last two decades as a national organization centering UUs of color. While we are eager to work with the UUA in rebuilding our relationship, much more reflection and action will be needed before trust and celebration is wholly deserved.
We are hopeful that there will be true systemic change within our larger Association that will dismantle its roots in white supremacy culture, yet we are also exhausted and wary. It is difficult to trust a promise of relationship that has been made countless times before to people of color in our faith, and to our organization, as UUA board members have themselves acknowledged. In light of this, DRUUMM leadership has been consistently meeting and coordinating with the UUA to move towards creating a memorandum of understanding this spring that is grounded in an acknowledgement of our history and affirms our shared commitments to serve UU people of color.
A clear, ongoing funding commitment to DRUUMM is an essential change. The UUA's financial support of DRUUMM has been a patchwork since it began in 1999, with grants for specific programs, one-time contributions, and limited general operations funding, changing from year to year. Regular operations funding was entirely eliminated from the UUA budget after 2009. Getting support for an ongoing funding stream for DRUUMM is a critical lifeline for an all-volunteer organization and has been a challenge across multiple UUA administrations and leaders. Prioritizing investment in leaders of color is a core embodiment of the commitment to building a more inclusive and antioppressive UUA.
DRUUMM has a growing membership of UU people of color from every district and region. As an all-volunteer ministry, DRUUMM continues to lead efforts to fulfill the 1997 Journey Towards Wholeness Resolution adopted by the General Assembly towards becoming antiracist, antioppressive, and multicultural, creating space for youth, young adults, and our families of color to heal and work collectively, as well as stewarding an effective organization that develops new leadership and manages consistent communication with members. This renewal will allow us to continue our work as a collective to support our membership with events, programming, trainings, chapters, and UU people of color spaces at GA and regional gatherings.
As we reflect on the importance of this moment, we are left with gratitude for sibling groups, including Black Lives of UU and Transgender Religious professional Unitarian Universalists Together (TRUUsT), and for allies, such as Allies for Racial Equity (ARE), as we move our living tradition and its institutions closer to the promise and fullness of Unitarian Universalism. druumm.org
—The Rev. Ranwa Hammamy, president, and Sana Saeed, co-vice president, submitted this on behalf of the DRUUMM steering committee.
DRUUMM is a Unitarian Universalist People of Color Ministry and anti-racist collective bringing lay and religious professionals together to overcome racism through resistance and transform Unitarian Universalism through our multicultural experiences. We developed from several older ministries, namely the African American UU Ministries and Jubilee World anti-racism change trainings.
DRUUMM has a growing membership of UU People of Color from every district and region. As an all-volunteer ministry, DRUUMM continues to lead efforts to fulfill the Journey Towards Wholeness Resolution towards becoming an anti-racist, anti-oppressive, multicultural UUA, creating space for youth, young adult and our families of color to heal and work collectively, and steward an effective organization that develops new leadership and manages consistent communication with members.
DRUUMM is a collective of people who identify as People of Color. Allies are welcome and organized as Allies for Racial Equity. Together we are open to all people. We are grounded in the Unitarian Universalist tradition, and maintain a close relationship with the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations.
President: Rev. Ranwa Hammamy
Co-Vice Presidents: Rev. Theresa Soto & Sana Saeed
Anti-Racism, DRUUMM, Race/Ethnicity
Portland church joins lawsuit over federal agents at Black Lives Matter protests
Deployment of federal officers violates the Tenth Amendment, chills the legal right to protest, alleges lawsuit.
Elaine McArdle 8/6/2020
Antiracist protesters in purple costumes arrested at farmers' market
Unitarian Universalist minister, four other activists arrested protesting white supremacists at farmers' market in Indiana.
Elaine McArdle 12/2/2019


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Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib
Kensuke Kataoka, Hiroyuki Taniguchi, Yoshinori Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Tomoki Kimura, Osamu Nishiyama, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi, Tsutomu Kawabe, Hiroaki Kume, Kaoru Shimokata
Although pulmonary toxicity associated with gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has been reported recently, the accumulation of clinical information and the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain insufficient and unclear. After retrospectively reviewing the clinical records and chest X-rays of 489 lung cancer patients who were treated with gefitinib, we diagnosed four cases of gefitinib-induced ILD who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We found that the period of time from starting gefitinib to the onset of ILD was short, and concluded that a careful and close observation of a chest imaging study and a collection of respiratory symptoms was recommended. All four patients were treated with a high dose of corticosteroids, and ILD was resolved. We detected high levels of interferon-inducible protein-10 in BAL fluid, although we could not demonstrate the characteristic features of laboratory findings or BAL fluid cell analysis. We speculated that a Th1 type of lung tissue inflammation or lung injury might be involved as a part of mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced ILD.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
Dive into the research topics of 'Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Gefitinib Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Interstitial Lung Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 87%
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Medicine & Life Sciences 28%
Chemokine CXCL10 Medicine & Life Sciences 18%
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Bronchoscopy Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Lung Injury Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Kataoka, K., Taniguchi, H., Hasegawa, Y., Kondoh, Y., Kimura, T., Nishiyama, O., Imaizumi, K., Kawabe, T., Kume, H., & Shimokata, K. (2006). Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib. Respiratory Medicine, 100(4), 698-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
Kataoka, Kensuke ; Taniguchi, Hiroyuki ; Hasegawa, Yoshinori et al. / Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib. In: Respiratory Medicine. 2006 ; Vol. 100, No. 4. pp. 698-704.
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title = "Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib",
abstract = "Although pulmonary toxicity associated with gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has been reported recently, the accumulation of clinical information and the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain insufficient and unclear. After retrospectively reviewing the clinical records and chest X-rays of 489 lung cancer patients who were treated with gefitinib, we diagnosed four cases of gefitinib-induced ILD who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We found that the period of time from starting gefitinib to the onset of ILD was short, and concluded that a careful and close observation of a chest imaging study and a collection of respiratory symptoms was recommended. All four patients were treated with a high dose of corticosteroids, and ILD was resolved. We detected high levels of interferon-inducible protein-10 in BAL fluid, although we could not demonstrate the characteristic features of laboratory findings or BAL fluid cell analysis. We speculated that a Th1 type of lung tissue inflammation or lung injury might be involved as a part of mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced ILD.",
author = "Kensuke Kataoka and Hiroyuki Taniguchi and Yoshinori Hasegawa and Yasuhiro Kondoh and Tomoki Kimura and Osamu Nishiyama and Kazuyoshi Imaizumi and Tsutomu Kawabe and Hiroaki Kume and Kaoru Shimokata",
doi = "10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015",
journal = "British Journal of Tuberculosis and Diseases of the Chest",
Kataoka, K, Taniguchi, H, Hasegawa, Y, Kondoh, Y, Kimura, T, Nishiyama, O, Imaizumi, K, Kawabe, T, Kume, H & Shimokata, K 2006, 'Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib', Respiratory Medicine, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 698-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib. / Kataoka, Kensuke; Taniguchi, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Yoshinori et al.
In: Respiratory Medicine, Vol. 100, No. 4, 04.2006, p. 698-704.
T1 - Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib
AU - Kataoka, Kensuke
AU - Taniguchi, Hiroyuki
AU - Hasegawa, Yoshinori
AU - Kondoh, Yasuhiro
AU - Kimura, Tomoki
AU - Nishiyama, Osamu
AU - Imaizumi, Kazuyoshi
AU - Kawabe, Tsutomu
AU - Kume, Hiroaki
AU - Shimokata, Kaoru
N2 - Although pulmonary toxicity associated with gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has been reported recently, the accumulation of clinical information and the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain insufficient and unclear. After retrospectively reviewing the clinical records and chest X-rays of 489 lung cancer patients who were treated with gefitinib, we diagnosed four cases of gefitinib-induced ILD who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We found that the period of time from starting gefitinib to the onset of ILD was short, and concluded that a careful and close observation of a chest imaging study and a collection of respiratory symptoms was recommended. All four patients were treated with a high dose of corticosteroids, and ILD was resolved. We detected high levels of interferon-inducible protein-10 in BAL fluid, although we could not demonstrate the characteristic features of laboratory findings or BAL fluid cell analysis. We speculated that a Th1 type of lung tissue inflammation or lung injury might be involved as a part of mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced ILD.
AB - Although pulmonary toxicity associated with gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has been reported recently, the accumulation of clinical information and the underlying mechanisms of gefitinib-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD) remain insufficient and unclear. After retrospectively reviewing the clinical records and chest X-rays of 489 lung cancer patients who were treated with gefitinib, we diagnosed four cases of gefitinib-induced ILD who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We found that the period of time from starting gefitinib to the onset of ILD was short, and concluded that a careful and close observation of a chest imaging study and a collection of respiratory symptoms was recommended. All four patients were treated with a high dose of corticosteroids, and ILD was resolved. We detected high levels of interferon-inducible protein-10 in BAL fluid, although we could not demonstrate the characteristic features of laboratory findings or BAL fluid cell analysis. We speculated that a Th1 type of lung tissue inflammation or lung injury might be involved as a part of mechanisms underlying gefitinib-induced ILD.
U2 - 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
DO - 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015
JO - British Journal of Tuberculosis and Diseases of the Chest
JF - British Journal of Tuberculosis and Diseases of the Chest
Kataoka K, Taniguchi H, Hasegawa Y, Kondoh Y, Kimura T, Nishiyama O et al. Interstitial lung disease associated with gefitinib. Respiratory Medicine. 2006 Apr;100(4):698-704. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.07.015


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text:
Tesla on Autopilot when it hit California firetruck
Photo: Gettyimages
Published Wednesday, September 04, 2019
A government report says the driver of a Tesla that slammed into a firetruck near Los Angeles last year was using the car's Autopilot system when a vehicle in front of him suddenly changed lanes and he didn't have time to react.
The National Transportation Safety Board said Tuesday the driver never saw the parked firetruck and didn't brake.
Apparently the man's 2014 Tesla Model S didn't brake either.
The report raises further questions about the effectiveness of Tesla's system, which was in operation before several other crashes including two fatalities in Florida and one in Silicon Valley.
Tesla warns drivers that the system is not fully autonomous and drivers must be ready to intervene.
The NTSB report didn't state a cause of the crash.
The agency will issue a final report Wednesday.
The driver in the Jan. 22, 2018 firetruck crash on Interstate 405 was not hurt.
But the NTSB report says he did not have his hands on the steering wheel at the time of the crash.
The Tesla driver, from suburban Woodland Hills, told the NTSB that he was traveling to work in Los Angeles when the crash happened.
He told investigators he was looking forward with his hand rested on his knee while touching the bottom of the steering wheel.
The California investigation comes as the federal government has few regulations governing autonomous vehicles and driver-assist systems that can drive a car under certain circumstances.
The systems can significantly reduce crashes, but computer-driven vehicles also can make mistakes.