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Professor predicts continued spending spree
Feb. 19, 2007, 9:56 PM UTC
By Allison Linn
Will anything stop Americans from shopping?
A University of Michigan professor believes even a slowdown in the housing market and other potential economic woes will not keep Americans out of the stores in early 2007, citing data that shows that people are growing more satisfied with the goods and services they purchase.
"It turns out — and I'm not saying this is necessarily good — for better or worse, the consumer seems to find the means to spend," said Claes Fornell, a professor of business at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and head of the American Customer Satisfaction Index.
Fornell cites other factors that could contribute to consumer spending, such as relatively low unemployment. But his optimism about consumer spending growth is mainly drawn from a quarterly index the university compiles based on consumer satisfaction with goods and services.
In the last three months of 2006, the overall index hit an all-time high of 74.9, on a scale of 100, up nearly 2 percent from the same time last year. That is also the highest score the scale has hit since it was first measured in 1994, the university said in results released Tuesday.
Fornell sees this as evidence that people will keep finding the means to satisfy their buying urges, even if other factors — such as lower home values — might seem to reduce the amount of money available for such spending sprees.
"I think, in economics, we have probably looked too much towards the conventional ways of financing consumer spending," he said.
Still, Fornell did note that consumers appear to be quite price-conscious. In studies past, Fornell said consumers have usually said they were satisfied with retailers primarily because of improvements in product quality and customer service. But this time around, he said consumers were especially satisfied when they though they were getting good value for their money from the retailer.
"It's not that they're looking out for a bargain, but they think they're getting a bargain, which of course makes the whole thing attractive," Fornell said.
Companies that rated especially high during the fourth quarter of 2006 included discounting club store Costco, which scored an 81, online retailer Amazon.com, which recorded a score of 87, and the Web-based bookseller barnesandnoble.com, which scored an 88. Wal-Mart, the nation's largest discounter, saw its rating unchanged from last year at 72.
In addition to major retailers, the fourth-quarter study also looked at banks, insurance providers, online auction houses, brokerages and travel Web sites. The survey measures different industries each quarter.
The most recent results were based on a phone survey of about 15,000 people conducted in the fourth quarter of 2006.
While Fornell thinks the results point to continued strong consumer spending in the first few months of 2007, other economists are less optimistic.
Bill Hampel, chief economist for Credit Union National Association, is expecting consumer spending to face headwinds this year, primarily because a slowdown in the housing market may prompt people to reevaluate how much money they feel like they have to throw around.
Over the last few years, Hampel noted, Americans may have felt more freedom to spend money because they were seeing their wealth increase as the value of their homes increased significantly. But with the housing market slowing, Hampel said many people may feel like their net worth is declining and be reluctant to take on more debt.
"We think that spending is going to have headwinds for the rest of this year," he said. "The consumer's balance sheet is in pretty lousy shape."
Hampel isn't expecting a drastic slowdown in spending, but he does think it will taper off gradually, especially in markets where the housing market slump is more pronounced.
"The weaker that home prices are … the more some consumers are going to say, 'Well, it's been a good ride, but I guess I have to cut back my spending now,'" he said.
Allison Linn


home | blog | Things to do with your CityCard – Get away from the football!
Things to do with your CityCard – Get away from the football!
The world cup is all very well and good if you like football, but if you don't then the fact that the TV is full of it and you're subjected to constant drivel of people prattling on about the beautiful game, and how this VAR decision was wrong, or how this team should have won, can get a little unbearable.
If you don't have the time or money to take a holiday to somewhere where they don't have TV's or the internet, then there are ways to get away from it all in this very city – book yourself a bit of pamper time at one of our local Spa's. Places to pummel you, to get you hot and cold, or to leave your skin feeling fresh. Places where you can truly relax in decadent settings, get yourself a treatment or two, and have people help to transform you into the best possible version of yourself you can be.
And there are loads for CityCard members to choose from, to suit every taste or to iron out every possible wrinkle.


Will the Boone County Court system ever recover from the soap opera antics of its philandering employees?Are Katie and Kimberly going to adopt pseudonyms for each other, which include the names of more provocative fruit, in hopes that one day someone will read their boring emails to each other and find them more exciting? Do you remember the Alamo?…correct, that was last weeks episode, but just double checking because Dateline REALLY doesn't want you to forget. Lets be honest, is Josh Mankiewicz finally just fed up with all the bozos? And finally for the win… was it the Janitor, in the 2nd floor mezzanine, with the tape gun? You solve the CLUE mystery in this episode of A Date with Dateline.
Josh Mankiewicz reports on the latest stunning developments in the investigation of a young woman found dead in a Kentucky warehouse where she worked. After a man is convicted, could an unexpected revelation change his fate?


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Daily Life in Ancient Egypt
"ON THAT DAY OF JUDGING THE DEFICIENT"
BOOKS OF THE DEAD
Between the time when the newborn soul left the tomb and the moment when it settled down amid the comforts provided for it in the Land of Eternity, it had a long and dangerous journey to make. In order to reach the West the dead man had to cross water; for this he needed a boat. Perhaps there was a ferry; if so, the ferryman might prove hostile or indifferent. He would have to be bribed, or coerced, or wheedled into carrying the spirit across.
All along the way the dead man was beset by demons. If not properly handled, each and every one of these monsters—gigantic snakes, animal-headed monstrosities—could overpower and destroy the spirit. Supposing that he passed the demons unscathed and managed to cross the river, the dead man still had to face the gods. What if they didn't know him, or refused to accept him? All these possible emergencies had to be anticipated and prepared for. The whole process has always reminded me of a child's game: "Suppose this happens! All right, but then suppose that happens!"
The defenses against dangers of this kind could only be of one sort. They consisted of magico-religious spells, and they make up several sizable collections. The oldest collection is the Pyramid Texts, which were inscribed in pretty blue hieroglyphs on the walls of the Fifth and Sixth Dynasty pyramids. These texts are a real hodgepodge; if we find Egyptian religion contradictory, the Pyramid Texts are the epitome of contradiction. There are spells invoking Osiris and spells asking for protection against Osiris; spells hailing Re as god of the dead and other spells naming Osiris. In one text the dead king humbly accepts the job of secretary to the god; in another he threatens to march in and eat Re and the rest unless they submit to his demands.
The contradictions are to some extent resolved if we regard the Pyramid Texts as an anthology, made up of spells from different places and times. And there is a unifying feature. Although a few texts are in the form of hymns to the god, the great majority deal with practical problems: how to reach the hereafter, how to live once one gets there, how to control potential antagonists.
The Pyramid Texts as such were used for the royal dead, although not all the privileges they claim for kings and queens were their sole prerogative. By the Middle Kingdom the magical collection had been taken over by commoners and written on the coffins of the dead. The Coffin Texts were not just the Pyramid Texts in a revised edition and a new medium but include many of the older spells and have the same purpose. In the New Kingdom and thereafter the anthologies of magical incantations, greatly altered and revised, were written on papyrus scrolls, some of them handsomely decorated with miniature scenes, or vignettes, of the life to come. We call these scrolls the "Book of the Dead," but there were actually a number of different collections, for which the Egyptians had other names—the Book of Gates, the Book of That Which Is in the Afterworld, the Book of Coming Forth by Day.
The Book of the Dead is often mentioned in awed tones by various schools of occultists. However, if a reader has the fortitude to wade through the entire collection, he is left with an impression not of mysterious, occult power, but of practical, thorough organization. The books of the dead, all of them, are guidebooks to the beautiful roads of the West, including useful phrases, explanations of local customs, and hints on how to deal with the natives. A sampling of chapter titles gives some idea of just how thorough the compilation was:
CHAPTER OF:
· Not letting X be bitten by snakes
· Not dying a second time
· Not letting the head of a man be cut off from him
· Drinking water and not being burnt by fire
· Taking the form of a hawk of gold or what ever a man pleases
· Bringing along a boat
· Going into the boat of Re
· Giving funeral offerings
· Not allowing the body of a man to decay
· Not eating filth
· Making the ushebti figure do work
This is only the briefest sampling; there are hundreds of similar texts. It might be interesting to examine one in detail, to see how it works. If a man wants to avoid being bitten by snakes in the afterworld, he says: "Oh Serpent! I am the flame which shines on the Opener of hundreds of thousands of years, the standard of the god Tenpu."
Offhand, this may not strike us as very effective. But we are not attuned to this variety of magic. Underlying all the seemingly meaningless verbiage was the basic power of all spells, the power of the word. Even the spoken word had effectiveness; the written was even more powerful, and the very fact that the handsome, and costly, papyrus said, in writing, that these words would eliminate the danger from serpents meant that that danger was thereby eliminated.
Above all, the books of the dead, from Pyramid Texts to papyrus scrolls, decree life for the lifeless. In their affirmation of life, the texts deny death. There is a majestic power, even in our pedantic translations, of the rolling, constantly repeated demand for existence: "King Teti has not died the death! He does not die! This king lives forever!"
Affirmation of a desire or denial of a fear have magical potency in themselves. Some words had more power than others, and one of the most significant magical words was a man's name. Like his image and his blood and his spittle and all the other elements that resembled him or were part of him, his name contained the essence of his being. In many cultures the names of the gods were sacred, not to be spoken. This is not only respect, it is a reflection of the idea that the name was power. When Herodotus describes the rites of the Dying God in Egypt, he refers to the deity as "a god whose name a religious scruple prevents me from mentioning." Another example is the name of God which devout Jews refuse to pronounce aloud.
In Egypt, to know the name of a god or of any man or object was to have power over it. The magical texts are full of the phrase, "I know you, I know your name!" The dead man, confronted by the gods who might question his right to enter heaven, gives each of them his name and passes in, triumphant. There is even a spell to keep a man from forgetting his own name—tantamount to a loss of identity and, hence, of existence. The magical compilations were the final bulwark against "dying a second time." Not only did they protect the dead from danger, but they provided substitutes for necessities which might fail or be missing. And all this could be done for the price of a painted coffin or a written scroll.
Thus, the dead were guarded against possible neglect of their funerary cult and against purely spiritual dangers. Another peril had its magical defense as well. The Egyptians were painfully well aware of the industry of the tomb robber. Ancient tombs gaped forlornly in various abandoned cemeteries, thieves were constantly being punished by local or royal courts. Perhaps the best defense against these ghouls (or redistributors of wealth) was to die and be buried during the reign of a strong, ferocious pharaoh who would put up with no nonsense in the necropoli. But this was at best a temporary expedient; so, once again, the power of the written word was called in to defend the tomb and its occupant.
As for any man who shall enter into this tomb in his impurity, and who shall do a thing evilly against it, or who shall damage any stone or any brick in this tomb, or who shall erase the writing herein, I shall seize his neck like a bird…. I shall be judged with him in the august council of magistrates of the great god. But as for any man who shall enter into this tomb, being pure with regard to it, I shall be his partisan.
From texts like these (the quotation is a composite) come the exciting but incorrect journalists' stories of "curses" in ancient Egyptian tombs. As our quotation shows, these texts were not so much curses as threats—not of ghostly ghastly attack, but of a lawsuit in the court of the gods! And the threats were not against visitors to the tomb as such, but against violators. In these terms, modern archaeologists should stand high in the favor of the ancient Egyptian kas whose tombs they discover, for most of them would rather cut off a hand than destroy a stone or a sign. They are pure with regard to the tomb. However, archaeology in the early days was not so scrupulous. The world's great museums include statues, pieces of wall paintings, ushebtis, and the mummies themselves, removed from the tombs. The original owners can be said to have attained a kind of immortality by being placed on display, but it wasn't publicity they were after. What about the poor soul (pun intended) whose body is in one museum, his canopic jars in another, and his Book of the Dead in a third? And what about the ones whose mummified bodies were ripped apart in the name of science, the protective amulets removed?
Neither threats of divine retribution nor physical barriers availed against the worst desecrators, thieves ancient and modern. Egyptian doctrine could not allow the only sure defense against despoilation—a burial so poor in worldly goods that no robber would waste his time on it. In Egypt you could take it with you. At least you could take your worldly goods as far as the tomb, and the chance that you might succeed in carrying them all the way into the West was well worth the effort.
But what about the men and women who had nothing to take, who could not afford even the cheapest type of embalming? It has been suggested that the poor in Egypt lacked the hope of immortality; there was no "pie in the sky" to make up for the conspicuous lack of that commodity on earth. The theory that the lowest classes gave their dead to the animal scavengers of the river and the desert instead of burying them is contradicted by hundreds of proofs—the graves of ordinary men, women, and children. We see today that people are willing to impoverish themselves to give their dead a "nice" funeral; the principle must have operated even more strongly in Egypt, where survival depended on the preservation of the body and where a cheap, accessible embalming material was available to everyone in the desert sand.
At all periods of Egyptian history the poor found the same grave—a hole in the ground—and they were laid to rest in the dignity of their own unembalmed flesh and bone. These people had no coffins; sometimes the survivors could not spare so much as a pot of food from the scanty house hold store. Yet the naked, hungry soul could have one hope of nourishment. As a beggar squats at a rich man's gate, the bodies of the poor were often buried near a nobleman's tomb, where they could catch the crumbs from his well-stocked offering table. This process reached its logical conclusion when the tombs themselves were invaded. Such intrusive burials, tucked cozily away in someone else's tomb, are common; even the pyramids were not exempt, and some tombs have dozens of burials ranging over many generations. Ironically enough, the poorest of the poor sometimes attained that physical survival which was denied the divine pharaoh. The coffins and sarcophagi, the very unguents used in the ritual of resurrection, helped to destroy the flesh they were designed to protect; and if time and decay spared the royal bones, the tomb robbers did not. There is a moral in all of this, of course; but perhaps we are in no position to sneer at the Egyptians because they failed to see it.
Tomb, mummy, magic, food offerings—in all this there is one conspicuous omission—any reference to an ethical or moral requirement for eternal life. Some scholars believe it was actually missing, that anybody could get to heaven from Egypt if he could pay the price. Contrarily, other scholars have claimed for the Egyptians the "dawn of conscience," and the first demonstration of righteousness as a prerequisite for immortality.
The truth probably lies somewhere between the two extremes, as it so often, boringly, does. The phrase "dawn of conscience" comes from James Henry Breasted. His argument, presented with enthusiasm and elegance of expression, was very persuasive; today, however, most Egyptologists would qualify it almost out of recognition. And yet we cannot dismiss all of the Egyptian mortuary cult as magic. There was, for one thing, the Judgment.
On the walls of the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo's masterpiece gives an unforgettable picture of the Last Judgment in Christian terms. Christ, enthroned aloft, is not the merciful Redeemer, but the stern Judge. With upraised hand He sifts the risen dead, lifting the blessed into Paradise and sending the wailing shapes of the damned to Hell.
The Egyptian judgment had its majestic aspect too, but it was the formal majesty of the law court, complete with judge and jury, recording secretary, prosecutor, defendant, and witness. Two of our common symbols of law were present in the courtroom—the scales of justice and the goddess of truth. They didn't mean quite the same to the Egyptians, but they strike an oddly familiar note.
In the Hall of the Two Truths sat the judge, the resurrected Osiris, with his wife Isis behind him. The jury consisted of forty-two personages instead of twelve, and all were gods. In the center of the hall, the focus of the scene, was a huge pair of scales. Thoth, the divine scribe, stood beside it, his pen poised and ready to record the judgment. Sometimes he was accompanied by the goddess Maat, Truth (or Divine Order); sometimes she was represented by a small figure or by the feather which was her symbol, occupying one pan of the scales. In the opposite pan was the heart of the man or woman to be judged. Near the scales hovered one other essential member of the court—a beast with the head of a crocodile, the midsection of a lion, and the hind-quarters of a hippopotamus. Its name was "Devourer of Souls."
Into the court came Anubis Psychopompos, leading the defendant by the hand. The dead person was dressed in his best, just as he would be for such an occasion today. The dead ladies, in their finest filmy linen and curled wigs, irresistibly suggest the attractive females who try to explain to a sympathetic male jury why they felt it necessary to shoot their husbands.
The image of the feather in the pan of the scales is one I find very appealing. The feather was the symbol of truth, the goddess; but the idea that the heart of the dead man must be so light, so free of evil, as to balance the featherweight on the other pan of the scales is a modern interpretation rather than that of the Egyptians. It is still a significant symbol—the weighing of the heart against truth or divine order, that which was and should be. The scales must balance—and in the scenes of the Judgment, they always do.
The heart was the seat of the emotions and the organ of intelligence, memory, and will. With its accumulated memories of passions and deeds, the heart was the sole witness for or against a man in the case of his own salvation.
This was the Egyptian judgment in its developed form, known to us not only from descriptions in the Book of the Dead but also from the pictures with which such texts were illustrated. The idea of a judging of the dead goes back a long way, however, to a period before the papyrus scrolls came into use, and our knowledge of the earlier conception is not so clear.
The first judge may not have been Osiris. He is called the "Great God," and although there has been a lot of debate about his real name, we cannot be entirely sure who he was. His identity is less important than his function. Assisted by a tribunal of divine magistrates, he, like Osiris, judged the fitness of the soul for immortality on the basis of the defendant's plea:
I gave bread to the hungry, water to the thirsty, clothes to the naked. Never have I done anything evil against any man. I rescued the wretched man from one who was stronger than he. I judged two men so that they might be satisfied. I was respectful to my father, pleasant to my mother. Never did I take a thing belonging to any man. Never have I said anything evil against any person. I spoke truth, I rendered justice.
There is quite a contrast between texts like this, which were written on tombstones of the late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, and the Pyramid Texts, which were used at approximately the same time. The truth or falsehood of the claims to virtue are immaterial, as is the possibility that the mere statement of them had magical import. What is important is that they state a moral code, and that a man's behavior during his lifetime had a bearing on what happened to him after he died. "I spoke truth, I rendered justice."
However, there has been a lot of debate in Egyptological circles about the key words in that last sentence. They are the same word in Egyptian—the word "maat." As we mentioned earlier, this word can be translated as "candor" as well as "truth" or "justice." It has also been read as "the divine order," that arrangement of the universe which was established by the god creator at the beginning of the world.
Our word "truth" means many things in different contexts, and it is clear that "maat" has no one meaning. The men whose tombstones claim that they spoke maat and rendered maat give a number of specific examples of the acts they thought of as just and true, and these are moral qualities—charity toward the poor, help for the helpless. If these were qualities established by the gods in the beginning, "the divine order," that order itself had what we would call moral standards.
Later in the First Intermediate Period a royal father, composing a series of precepts for the guidance of his son, had this to say about the day of judgment:
Perform maat while you endure on earth. Quiet the one who weeps; do not oppress the widow; supplant no man in the property of his father; impair no officials at their posts. Be on guard against punishing unfairly…. The council which judges the deficient—you know they are not lenient on that day of judging…. Existence yonder is for eternity…but as for him who reaches it without wrongdoing, he shall exist yonder like a god, striding freely like the lords of eternity!
This is, I think, an impressive statement. My omissions, represented by dots, give the text more coherence than it actually has; but the development of the idea is really there.
At about the same time that King Achtoy wrote his Instructions, the Coffin Texts were beginning to be inscribed. Once again there is a distinct difference between the mortuary magic of the Texts and the mortuary ethics of the Instructions.
After the Coffin Texts came the Book of the Dead; and by now we have reached the judgment as it has been described, with Osiris as supreme judge and all the trappings of the formal court. What about the moral aspect of this version of the judgment?
I am afraid there is some excuse for the attitude of the skeptic, who claims that even this noble concept degenerated into another attempt to reduce all problems to those which could be solved by magic spells. The Book of the Dead is quite wordy about the Judgment. Chapter 125 (the number is that of a modern classification) is the one dealing specifically with the Hall of the Two Truths and what went on there. It gives, at some length, the speech of the defendant to the tribunal. The chapter in question used to be called "The Negative Confession"—a well-turned but essentially meaningless phrase which has now been replaced by other titles such as "The Declaration of Innocence." In his peroration the dead man makes a statement to each of the forty-two gods, denying that he has committed a particular sin. We find all the Ten Commandments mentioned, except for the first two—Egyptian gods were not at all jealous, and they were very fond of graven images. In place of these there is a long list of crimes and sins. The dead man tells the god "Dangerous of Face" that he has not committed murder, and informs the "Devourer of Shades" that he has not stolen. Lying, assault and battery, deceit, gossip, adultery, general violence, arrogant behavior, inordinate ambition—the list is much longer than the Judeo-Christian catalog of prohibitions, which, we must recall, is also negative in character.
As an implicit ethical code, "The Declaration of Innocence" is fairly impressive. A certain number of rather picayune ritual sins are mentioned, but in general the list compares favorably with any other morality statement I can think of. However, the shining air of virtue is sullied by the fact that this chapter forms part of a book made up almost entirely of magical spells. The format makes it clear that this is only another formula, another incantation against danger. The denial of sin negates the sin, and the gods can be mastered by telling them their names.
But the judge, Osiris, surely reaches his verdict through the evidence given by that impartial witness, the heart. Can the decision of the "Foremost of the Westerners" be subverted by a petty official armed with a papyrus scroll?
It could be; but there is an easier way out of the difficulty. The most disillusioning of all the spells in the Book of the Dead is Chapter 30, the text written on the base of the ubiquitous heart scarabs. Its intent, candidly stated, is to gag that one essential witness: "My heart of my mother! My heart of my mother! Do not stand up against me as witness! Do not create opposition against me as witness! Do not create opposition against me among the magistrates! Do not weigh heavy against me in the presence of the keeper of the scales!"
No, there is not much ethical content in this. It is said that there is more rejoicing in our heaven over a repentant sinner than over many of the faithful. The Egyptian did not even need to repent; all he needed was enough money to buy a scroll that saidhe had repented.
Yet it would not be entirely fair to see in the corruption of the Judgment a shift from primitive ethics to sophisticated cynicism. The Pyramid Texts are just as "magical" as the Book of the Dead, and the later literature contains statements which show not only a striving for moral virtue, but a new humbleness before the god and an awareness of man's sinful nature. "The Declaration of Innocence" is corrupt, but its content cannot be wholly ignored. To the literal sinner—a category not restricted to ancient Egypt—the magic of the written word might be assurance enough. To a more thoughtful believer, it might be a statement of a creed he had honestly tried to follow. In Egypt even the gods could err; and knowing human courts, the man preparing himself for the judgment from which there was no appeal might feel more secure in the knowledge that he had a written statement of the innocence he had tried to maintain. Perhaps the humble burials of the poor are themselves a testimonial to the enduring faith in the purity of the Judgment. If these men and women could hope for survival, without the aid of heart scarabs or magical scrolls, they must have had some spiritual claim to be included among the followers of Osiris.
There was no appeal from the Judgment; the sentence for the guilty was annihilation, that "dying a second time" which the Egyptians dreaded beyond all else. The little vignettes of the judgment hall always include a picture of the monster called the "Devourer of Souls." His name makes his role fairly evident, and sometimes he is so impatient for his prey that he stands on his hind legs, fairly drooling. I find this monster rather charming, myself, and it is possible that the Egyptians did not take him too seriously. Even in the scenes where he sits poised, hungrily watching his potential dinner, the dead man smirks and bows, fully confident that the judgment will be in his favor.
We do not find the Egyptian monsters very frightening; the neat crisp drawing and the conventional types reduce them to abstractions. But perhaps the Egyptians were not so blasé about them. It is not always easy to distinguish between gods and demons, for some of the gods were strange composites of men and beasts, and even they might be hostile toward an unprotected spirit. Serpents are among the commonest of the demons; the great enemy of Re, who attacked his boat each night in the Underworld, was a snake named Apophis. However, there is no real Devil in Egyptian theology. Set, the murderer of Osiris, was only evil in specific contexts. He represented the barren desert and the storm, forces of disorder, but he could sometimes be personable and agreeable, holding the ladder for the dead king to mount to heaven and helping Re repel the threatening serpent. In the Nineteenth Dynasty, and perhaps in the Second Dynasty as well, he was one of the patrons of the royal house.
Selected demigods and demons who might interfere with the dead man during his journey to the hereafter (from a mortuary papyrus). Left to right: the Devourer of Souls, a lion-headed god, "Turn-face" the ferryman, a great serpent.
Whether they feared their demons or not, the Egyptians did fear death—the first physical death and that second death from which there was no resurrection. They spent a good part of their lives fighting annihilation, and in so doing they built up the most complicated structure of mortuary ritual any people has ever produced. We are the beneficiaries of it, in terms of museum collections and scholarly books; and perhaps we will not find the painted mummy cases and weird amulets so bizarre if we see, beneath their extravagance, a common human terror and a common hope.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Here's the recipe promised from a few weeks ago when my fellow lemon and I, Shannon were having our "Chicken and Egg" bake-off. This is a ridiculously good apple pie. So unnecessary, but completely delicious. I made it a couple of Sundays ago when I had the perfect combination of time on my hands, a warm sunny breeze coming through the windows and football on the radio and tv while Greg was out golfing and the cat and I were enjoying a rare Sunday at home. So nice. So glad I maximized that day.
I have this crazy theory about soaking in all the last warm sunny moments every Fall so I can call them up in my mind when it's bone chilling cold in February. And the crazy thing about this is I got the idea from reading "Frederick" a very sweet children's book I have known all my life and read about a hundred times to my girls. He's a little mouse who doesn't store up food for the winter, but instead stores up the warmth of the sun. I risk sounding completely silly, but I really do sit in the sun coming weakly through the windows in the Winter and think back to the warm sunny Fall days. Somehow that warmth is more accessible than the Caribbean sun or the Florida beach. I know whey the Florida beach mental imagery does not work, however. We are very lucky that my husband's family owns condos in Fort Walton Beach on the panhandle and it's gorgeous there, but not necessarily so over Spring Break. I think we've hunkered down through too many barely 70 degree windy days on the beach for thoughts of Florida to warm me up in a reliable way. I'll just be like Frederick. Well, with the notable exception that I do store up a lot of food all year round. Pretty hard to go hungry here as long as the gas stove works.
And maybe those thoughts come from thinking of everyone affected by Sandy. No power and none in sight for days. We're all praying for you. Some days it's good to be from "flatlander" country here in the good old Midwest. Thankful.
But back to the pie: so yummy you don't need ice cream to go with it, but I did like it best warm. Amazing that just stirring an egg into a little heavy cream could change the character of the apple pie into some heavenly, creamy thing. The brown sugar and cinnamon in the crust is brilliant. You can roll a pie crust. I'm very serious about this. If it gets a little crumbly on the edges and you have to patch it together, if your crimping does not look like a Martha Stewart photograph, if it's too brown on the edges: you still did it and it will still taste amazing! Try it.
Make the crust processing the flour, brown sugar, cinnamon and salt together (whisk, use a paddle attachment on a stand mixer or use a food processor). Pulse or cut in cold butter until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Pulse or stir in cold water starting with 3 T and adding more if needed (I put ice cubes and water in a measuring cup and measure tablespoonfuls out of it) until crust comes together in a ball. Divide in dough in half and flatten each ball into a fat disk. Wrap in plastic wrap and refrigerate at least an hour.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees and make the filling. Toss all of the apples in a big bowl with the lemon juice, flour/pie filling enhancer, brown sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg and salt. Measure the cream and whisk in the egg.
Roll out the bottom crust on a lightly floured surface (sprinkle a little flour on top of the disk too as you roll so your rolling pin does not stick). Line the pan with the crust. Heap the apple filling in the crust and pour the cream mixture evenly over the apples. Lightly flour your surface again and roll out the top crust and lay across top of pie. Crimp edges together with your fore fingers and thumbs. Cut about 6 slits in the top of the crust. Brush beaten egg white on top crust and edges. Sprinkle with coarse sugar. Lightly cover crimped edges of crust with pieces of foil.
Bake pie for 25 minutes. Remove foil from crust edges (I used my pie shield and it stuck to the crust, I usually put this on after 20-25 minutes so you choose) and bake an additional 25-30 minutes until the crust is gold brown and the apples are tender (you can check with a thin knife point through the vents in the crust). It will be ready after 45 minutes, don't sweat it. Cool and serve slightly warm or at room temperature.


CHIOMA BANKS: NEW FASHION EVERYDAY.
Monday is almost over, but I won't let it pass by without posting up a Post update! haha!!!
This was my outfit last Saturday. I was on my way to my brother's house from work with my bf.
We spent the evening together, well entertained as usual. Then, we went home.
Photo Credit goes to my babe, my photographer of the week!
* ''New Fashion Everyday'' Clothe Bag by Gina-Tricot.


These four words are common in everyday life and unfortunately all too common when it comes to serving patients and clients with the respect and dignity they deserve.
As well intentioned as the question might be, asking a patient what's wrong with them can be a triggering experience. And, as difficult as it can be to change long-time practices, we owed it to ourselves – and more importantly, those we serve – to get it right.
Moving away from asking a client "What's wrong with you?" and towards "What's happened to you?" is the first step in Trauma Informed Care.
While every point in this system is critical, it's point number four – the active resistance of re-traumatizing clients – that we've focused heavily on. Across all departments at Bread for the City, staff have come together to develop systems that help us avoid situations in which clients or staff who are dealing with trauma will be further hurt by the environment at Bread for the City.
Trauma Informed Care gained ground as a model for dealing with veterans suffering from PTSD after the Vietnam War. Despite its more than 30-year history, it began gaining steam in the social work community a few years ago and caught the attention of Tracy Knight, Bread for the City's Northwest Social Services Director, in 2014.
The next year, Bread for the City enrolled in a National Council for Behavioral Health learning community where Trauma Informed Care was the working model. It was through that collaboration that Bread for the City was able to do a Trauma Informed Care pilot project.
"That gave us the structure," Knight added.
While moving from theory to practice is challenging, Knight says that even small steps make big differences for clients. And it goes beyond social services alone: all of Bread for the City's direct services as well as administrative offices like human resources and fundraising have incorporated trauma-informed care protocols into their work.
Empathy, safety, and compassion are at the core of Trauma Informed Care – it's also at the heart of everything we do here, making the model a natural fit at Bread for the City.
Want to know more about Trauma-Informed Care and Bread for the City? We'll be blogging about the challenges, successes, and all aspects of this important work at https://breadforthecity.org/blog-cat/social-services/ this summer. Subscribe here to follow along!


I have shipped two different 760's (122 size and weight), one from Colo Spgs to West Texas and one from Portland, OR to West Texas. Yellow Freight has been the best price here. Everyone else wanted $400 - $500, but Yellow has a dock-to-dock discount of 40 percent - you must ask for it. The shipping was around $240 or so on the Portland to West Texas. Door-to-door pickup or door-to-dock does not get the discount - so both parties must be willing to deliver and pick up from the nearest dock - freight station.
Terminal to terminal only, major cities throughout the country.
The best way seems to be KeyboardCarriage. There are a few caveats: They will only ship from music store to music store, or from music store to one of their warehouses. The other problem is that you would have to wait until one of their trucks is going along that route, usually 3-4 weeks.
In my situation, I wanted to ship a Leslie 142 from Flagstaff, AZ to one of the Los Angeles suburbs. KeyboardCarriage would do it for $150, which is cheap. They had a warehouse near San Bernardino where I could pick it up. The seller was willing to take it to the local music store in Flagstaff. Unfortunately, the local music store was small, with no room to store something for 3-4 weeks and the guy just could not be convinced to do it, even though I was going to pay him for it. So, in this case, I went and got the Leslie myself.
My previous experience was with UPS which charged $450 (ouch!) to ship a Leslie 122 from Washington State to California crated.
KeyboardCarriage is the same deal as Yellow Freight (dock to dock), I paid $250 from Illinois to Miami Fl. for my 31H.
Last edited on March 1, 2006 9:39 pm.


Providing some information is optional. If you choose not to enter a phone number, email or address, we'll be limited in how much we can engage with you about the impact you support is having to help end the injustice of poverty. You can choose what type of communication you would prefer to receive and you can opt out entirely at any time. We keep your information safe by storing your data securely and only sharing extremely limited data with external service providers for the sole purpose of delivering Oxfam's interactions with you. This data is not sold, rented or swapped with any organisation.
You have the right to ask for a copy of any personal information we hold about you, and to ask for it to be corrected if you think it is wrong. If you'd like to ask for a copy of your information, or to have it corrected, please contact us at oxfam@oxfam.org.nz, or 0800 600 700, or 14 West Street, Eden Terrace, Auckland.


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2019-20 Top Performers
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Weight Lifting Video
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No. 25 Men's Swimming and Diving Wins H-Y-P Meet at Blodgett Pool
Harvard men's swimming and diving won the annual H-Y-P meet at Blodgett Pool (Photo Courtesy: Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – No. 25 Harvard Men's Swimming and Diving built on its first-day lead and cruised to a sweep of Yale and Princeton at the H-Y-P meet on Sunday at Blodgett Pool. The Crimson won the annual meet for the second consecutive season.
When the water settled, Harvard earned a 266-87 victory over Yale and a 216-137 win over Princeton. The Crimson finished the dual season with an 8-1 record and completed the Ivy League campaign with an unblemished record of 7-0.
In addition to the H-Y-P sweep, two school and pool records were set concurrently. Farris, who broke his own program record on Saturday in the 100 backstroke, was at it again, this time erasing his own 100 freestyle time from 2017 (42.06), and writing in his winning time of 41.92 at the top of the list. Later, Umitcan Gures followed suit with his 45.73 effort in the 100 butterfly. He nearly won the event by two full seconds (1.98) and knocked down Steven Tan '18 (45.87) into second place in Harvard 100 fly history.
The Crimson won five events on the day and were led off by its 200 medley relay team of Daniel Tran, Daniel Chang, Gures and Raphael Marcoux (1:27.72). After Farris and Gures turned in the top performances in their respective events, Logan Houck went on to win 500 free (4:19.26) and the 400 freestyle relay emerged victorious (2:54.75).
Harvard Highlights
Harvard recorded its third straight undefeated Ivy League season and has won 46 of the last 47 conference duals, including the last 19 match-ups.
Michael Zarian (3:48.86), Chang (3:50.64) and Jake Johnson (3:51.31) all turned in season-best and NCAA B-standard times in the 400 individual medley. The trio finished 2-3-4.
Houck and Brennan Novak (4:22.69) came in first and second place, respectively, in the 500 free. Both were NCAA B-standard performances.
Alec DeCaprio and Hal Watts posted top-4 efforts on the 1-meter diving board. DeCaprio earned 328.25 points to finish in third, while Watts totaled 323.80 points. Both were season-best efforts.
The 400 free relay team of Mahlon Reihman, Andrew Acosta, Farris and Grant Goddard notched the fastest Harvard time of the 2018-19 campaign.
Nationally ranked Harvard will begin preparations for the Ivy League Championships, which will be held in Providence, Rhode Island, Feb. 27-March 1.


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MED: Neurology Scholarly Works
Migraine and Risk of Haemorrhagic Stroke in Women: Prospective Cohort Study
10.1136/bmj.c3659
Kurth, Tobias
Kase, Carlos S.
Schürks, Markus
Tzourio, Christophe
Buring, Julie E.
Kurth, Tobias, Carlos S Kase, Markus Schürks, Christophe Tzourio, Julie E Buring. "Migraine and risk of haemorrhagic stroke in women: prospective cohort study" BMJ: British Medical Journal 341:c3659. (2010)
Objectives To examine the association between migraine and migraine aura status with risk of haemorrhagic stroke. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Women's Health Study, United States. Participants 27860 women aged ≥45 who were free from stroke or other major disease at baseline and had provided information on self reported migraine, aura status, and lipid values. Main outcome measures Time to first haemorrhagic stroke and subtypes of haemorrhagic stroke. Results At baseline, 5130 (18%) women reported any history of migraine; of the 3612 with active migraine (migraine in the previous year), 1435 (40%) described having aura. During a mean of 13.6 years of follow-up, 85 haemorrhagic strokes were confirmed after review of medical records. Compared with women without a history of migraine, there was no increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke in those who reported any history of migraine (adjusted hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.71, P=0.93). In contrast, risk was increased in women with active migraine with aura (2.25, 1.11 to 4.54, P=0.024). The age adjusted increased risk was stronger for intracerebral haemorrhage (2.78, 1.09 to 7.07, P=0.032) and for fatal events (3.56, 1.23 to 10.31, P=0.02). Four additional haemorrhagic stroke events were attributable to migraine with aura per 10000 women per year. Women who reported active migraine without aura had no increased risk for haemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion Migraine with aura might, in addition to ischaemic events, also be a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. The relatively low number of events and attributable risk should caution against definitive conclusions and call for further confirmation of these observations.
Copyright Kurth et al 2010 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.
MED: Neurology Scholarly Works [67]


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Wax Tailor is the working pseudonym of French hip-hop producer Jean-Christophe Le Saoût and In the Mood for Life is his third album under this moniker. Produced in Paris and New York, the album is infused with urban life, celebrating the notion of city living and in Wax Tailor's words "it's a long story about New York, because that's the basis for a lot of things that have influenced me."
A truly international creation, guest vocalists include Dionne Charles (one of the great voices of UK soul), Scandinavian hip-hop kings, Speech Defect, and the European Collective ASM. In the Mood for Life, is a chilled-out blend of hip-hop, funk and soul, featuring 19 generous tracks. Five of the tracks are short humorous skits, leading into longer songs and the short More Songs skit is a personal favourite, moving into the danceable Leave It with barely a breath between them and perfect timing.
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The I-Ped 2 builds on the strengths and simplicity of the original I-Ped 1 which used caliper brakes and had solid tires. It was the first electric kick scooter from GoPed to introduce light weight – long range Lithium batteries. With the I-Ped II you get a more comfortable ride thanks to eight inch air-filled tires and stopping is greatly increased with a Mad Dog disc brake on the front wheel and friction style fender contact brake on the rear. It's a relatively light weight electric kick scooter at just 28 lbs (with the two battery Lithium option) but even though the handlebar folds down for portability it's still a bit wider and longer than some of the other kick scooters I've reviewed.
What GoPed delivers here is a light electric transporter that's repairable and upgradable with different sized sprockets, billet decks and grips. It offers a classic all-American look and is built domestically in Minden Nevada. This introduces a longer wait time to get one in some cases and a definitely a longer lead time to have a custom one built (six to eight weeks for a custom order, you can pay $40 for the color of your choice). Big thanks to Sam Townsend of Electric Bicycle Center in Fullerton for his involvement with the video review and in-stock GoPeds to review. Sam shared the history of Go-Ped and the origin of what is now the I-Ped 2 which began as the Hoverboard in 2007… this was the very first electric kick scooter of its kind produced by the company which had full suspension, regenerative braking and used a friction drive system similar to the GoBike (also by GoPed). This first model was sometimes called the Hoover-Board because it "sucked" like the Hoover vacuums of the time. From what I've heard, it was just trying to do so many things and had some issues with the key but was otherwise very unique and groundbreaking for the time. The name Hoverboard is now being used for a large-wheeled full suspension electric kick scooter which will be reviewed separately.
There are definitely some trade-offs to make with the I-Ped 2 including the larger footprint which might not stow as easily on trains or busses (still way smaller than a full sized bicycle). I noticed that the handlebars can feel wobbly if you don't tighten down the slide-collar but doing so on the go requires an allen key vs. a quick release lever. It's also louder than most electric kick scooters I've reviewed recently due to the chain drive and this also adds friction and drag which limits how efficiently you coast. Still, this is one of the only 750+ watt scooters around and the ride is satisfying. It's up to you to swap out sprocket sizes to match your weight and achieve the desired power vs. speed but note that forcing the scooter to climb under load may lead to overheating and damage. This system doesn't seem to have a smart-switch to automatically shut things down if the motor is struggling. For scooting around the neighborhood, across town and even up light hills this is one of the better, more capable scooters I've reviewed and even though you don't get a fancy LCD display showing speed, distance and precise battery level, the simple 3 LED console feels right… it matches the look of the scooter and is simple to use. You get to pick from Economy or Turbo mode for less and more power/speed respectively at the top and otherwise there's just an on/off red button. It's that simple, but note that this also means it's a bit less tamper resistant. There's no ignition key or other locking mechanism that I saw.


text:
Q: Retrofit: Add a String List parameter to Multipart Request I'm trying to add a String list parameter to a multi-part request.
Using Apache Http, I set the parameter like this:
MultipartEntity mpEntity = new MultipartEntity(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setEntity(mpEntity);

for (User member : members) {
    mpEntity.addPart("user_ids[]", new StringBody(member.id.toString()));
}

How do I do this on Retrofit?

A: Take a look at MultipartTypedOutput. I don't think there is a built-in support so you have to construct it yourself or write a Convertor.
At your service interface:
@POST("/url")
Response uploadUserIds(@Body MultipartTypedOutput listMultipartOutput);

At your caller:
MultipartTypedOutput mto = new MultipartTypedOutput();
for (String userId : userIds){
   mto.addPart("user_ids[]", new TypedString(userId));
}
service.uploadUserIds(mto);

This will construct similar result:
    Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63
    Content-Length: 820
    --49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
    Content-Length: 10
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
    yourString
    --49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
    Content-Length: 10
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
    yourString
    --49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
    Content-Length: 10
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
    yourString
    --49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63
    Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
    Content-Length: 10
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
    yourString
    --49f201f1-7379-4390-9ea5-97d74e78bb63--

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: Can I use packages written for .NET Framework in .NET Standard 2.0? I'm studying C# 7.1 and .NET Core 2.0 - Modern Cross-Platform Development Third Edition written by Mark J. Price(by the way, great book), and I don't understand, as I wrote above, if I can use packages written for .NET Framework in .NET Standard 2.0.
Every help is appreciated, thanks.

A: Yes, you can, .NET Standard 2.0 supports .NET core 2.0 libraries as well as .NET framework libraries up to version 4.6.1.
For more info take a look at the table available on this page: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/net-standard.


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If you want to have enough on hand for prepping, use food grade 35% hydrogen peroxide stored in your refrigerator, rotate it and dilute it less as the bubbling is reduced. This works best for external use since you will not be sure how strong it is.
Here's a list of the many benefits of hydrogen peroxide. This post refers to 3% hydrogen peroxide from your pharmacy or supermarket unless otherwise stated. While there are other kinds of peroxide and other strengths of hydrogen peroxide, damage can be done if you use them the wrong way.
Take one capful and swish it in your mouth to rinse after brushing. Use it instead of mouthwash. It works especially well after brushing with baking soda. I only use it once a day unless there is an abscess.
If you want to whiten your teeth, hold in your mouth for 2 minutes daily, then spit it out. Canker sores respond to the cleaning but don't overdo the time or frequency.
Let your toothbrushes soak in hydrogen peroxide to keep them free of germs.
Spray a 50/50 mixture of peroxide and water on the toes every night and let dry to treat nail fungus, following with tea tree oil. It needs time to penetrate the skin covered by the nail- possibly months. Then lubricate your feet around the nail..
Soak any infections or cuts in 3% hydrogen peroxide for five to ten minutes once, followed by white sugar or manuka honey. The sugar dries out the infection by osmotic pressure and allows the skin to have a matrix to grow on – battlefield antiseptic in WW1. You don't keep using the hydrogen peroxide on a cut, scrape or deep wound because it will inactivate new skin –killing off the delicate new skin cells, as a wound-care nurse told me. 10% hydrogen peroxide is used to debride deeper wounds and will have even a stronger cell-killing effect if used long term.
Tilt your head back and spray into nostrils with your 50/50 mixture whenever you have a cold, or plugged sinuses. It will bubble and help to kill the bacteria. Hold for a few minutes then blow your nose into a tissue. This will eventually dry out your tissues so don't do it long term.
A few drops in a congested ear often helps dry it out.
Hydrogen peroxide is great for clearing pimples, dry them and leave no signs of acne.
Put a bottle of hydrogen peroxide in your bath to help rid boils, fungus, or other skin infections or just to oxygenate your body.
Use as a vegetable soak before eating or to help food last longer in the refrigerator. It will kill bacteria and neutralize chemicals. Add 1/4 cup of 3% hydrogen peroxide to a sink of cold water and soak for 20 minutes. The USDA recommends chlorine bleach but I prefer this as chlorine is not good for your thyroid.
You can use it on pieces of meat or chicken before cooking by spraying on a 50/50 solution and rinsing after it stops bubbling.
Clean your counters with hydrogen peroxide to kill germs. Simply put a little on your dishrag when you wipe, or spray it on the counters. I recommend doing this with a microfiber cloth dishrag.
After rinsing off your cutting board, pour hydrogen peroxide on it to kill salmonella and other bacteria. Use a wooden cutting board to inactivate bacteria as well.
Fill a spray bottle with a a small amount of 50/50 mixture of peroxide and water and keep it in every bathroom to disinfect without harming your septic system like bleach or most other disinfectants will. But make it up regularly or it will degrade. If you can find a sprayer top for the opaque hydrogen peroxide bottle it will last longer.
Use undiluted hydrogen peroxide, alternating daily with full strength white vinegar to get rid of mold starting to attack grout. (If the grout is really infested, chip it out, apply hydrogen peroxide and then an hour later, vinegar, then re-grout after it is dry, You can use the 10% gardening strength here, You do NOT want mold in your home. If the mildew or mold is not in a crack, use the hydrogen peroxide, let dry and follow up by scrubbing with half a lemon.
Put half a bottle of hydrogen peroxide and the same amount of water in your humidifier and run it to clear out bacteria. If you have a cold you can try using it full strength.
You can also add a cup of hydrogen peroxide instead of bleach to a load of whites in your laundry to whiten them.
Use hydrogen peroxide to bleach delicate items such as wool or wool blends. Soak them overnight in a solution of one part 3% hydrogen peroxide to eight parts cold water. Launder according to care instructions.
If you like a natural look to your hair, spray the 50/50 solution on your wet hair after a shower and comb it through. You will not have the peroxide burnt blonde hair like the hair dye packages, but more natural highlights if your hair is a light brown, reddish, or dirty blonde. It also lightens gradually so it's not a drastic change. But it is drying, so use judiciously.
Also, if you have a dog that you need to get to vomit (say if they ate chocolate), make them swallow hydrogen peroxide. Give it to them a few teaspoons at a time. But do it right away. If they are staggering or have nystagmus – their eyes won't stay still and focus – just take them to the vet. Those are acute neurological symptoms and then it's too late for home first aid.
Ear mites in cats or dogs can respond to putting it on a cotton swab and cleaning it out. Repeat in a few minutes. Take the same caution with internal use with pets as you would yourself. Skin mites will respond to a similar treatment via spray.


text:
Av United States. Department of State
PROHIBITION OF AMERICAN CATTLE.
Mr. Gresham to Mr. Ercing.
[Telegram.)
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, August 24, 1894. Reported that Belgium prohibits landing American live cattle because of danger from pleuro-pneumonia. Secretary of Agriculture authorizes positive denial of that disease in the United States. As important cargoes are afloat and under charter, you will ascertain facts of alleged prohibition and make above denial if necessary.
Mr. Ewing to Mr. Gresham.
[Telegram.]
LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES,
Brussels, August 27, 1894. (Received August 27.) No prohibition yet, but under consideration. Will prevent if possible.
Mr. Eving to Mr. Gresham.
No. 83.]
LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Brussels, August 31, 1894. (Received September 11.) SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt on August 24 of your cablegram.
As no reports concerning the matter had reached the legation, I requested our consul at Antwerp, by telegram, to investigate at once whether such prohibition was existing, and I also called on the Belgian minister of foreign affairs to procure the necessary information, and to prevent, if possible, the issuance of any such order.
In the absence of the minister of foreign affairs, I was informed by his chief of cabinet that no prohibitory order had yet been issued, but that in view of the fact that two cases of pleuro-pneumonia had been discovered in cattle imported from the United States by the steamer Minnesota, the minister of agriculture, of industry, etc., was then considering the issuance of a decree placing under quarantine in the ports of Belgium cattle imported from the United States.
I strongly insisted upon the denial of our minister of agriculture of the existence of such disease in cattle being shipped from the United States and upon the loss that would be entailed upon shippers of cattle then afloat bound for said ports. He promised to call the attention of the minister of agricuiture immediately to my protest. On my return I sent you a telegram as follows:
No prohibition yet, but under consideration. Will prevent, if possible. And I also addressed to the minister of foreign affairs an official com munication embodying the matters stated in my verbal communication above referred to.
On August 27 I received from the department for foreign affairs a copy of the ministerial decree which also appeared in the otticial paper, Le Moniteur Belge, the next day, and of which I send you herewith a printed copy with a translation.
You will perceive that, by the terms of article second, animals en route one day after the date of publication of the decree aforesaid are permitted to be disembarked at the port of Antwerp on the condition that they he slaughtered at the "abattoir public."
This modification of the general quarantine was the result of my protest and was the best I could procure for the present.
On August 28 I cabled you as follows: Ministerial order subjects American cattle forty-five days' quarantine. Cattle en route before August 29 are excepted on condition that they must be killed at public slaughterhouse.
I have ascertained the following facts: There were shipped from Baltimore by the S. S. Minnesota, July 29, 1894, 350 head of live cattle in two consignments.
They arrived at Antwerp August 14, all the cattle in apparently good condition. Since that time 291 had been killed up to August 28. Out of that number two cases of diseased cattle were found as discovered by an examination of the lungs after death, and these were pronounced cases of pleuro-pneumonia by the Belgian veterinary surgeon.
The 59 remaining cattle were at the last above date apparently in good health.
I am informed by W. H. Wray, D. V. S., now in the employ of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, that he had just examined the cases referred to, and that in his opinion they were not cases of contagious pleuro-pneumonia, but were well-pronounced cases of catarrhal pneumonia with coexisting pleurisy, and he claims that it is the same disease about which the same controversy has been in England.
However this may be determined, the Belgian authorities have felt themselves justified in the preventive measures which they have taken.
The only American cattle I can hear of en route to Antwerp are two consignments, one on board the Rialto, 134 head, and one on board the Lepanto, 337 head, both of which would come within the exception embodied in article 2 of said ministerial decree.
I have requested the U. S. consul at Antwerp to cooperate with the agent of the American shippers in watching and reporting the result of further examination as to all American cattle slaughtered at Antwerp, and if results should corroborate our theory I hope to be able to obtain such a modification of the prohibitory quarantine as will entail as little loss and inconvenience to American shippers as possible. I have, etc.,
JAS. S. EWING.
(Inclosure in No. 83.- Translation.] The Minister of Agriculture, of Industry, and of Public Works : Considering the royal decree of the 13th of October, 1890, modifying article 49 of the rules of general administration of the 20th of September, 1883, relative to the sanitary police of domestic animals;
Reconsidering the ministerial decree of the 14th of March, 1884, designating the ports (Antwerp, Ghent, and Ostend) which may be utilized for the importation and exportaiion of domestic animals;
Reconsidering the ministerial decree of the 28th of July, 1891, stipulating that the animals imported through these ports are there subject to a quarantine of three days;
Considering that contagions pleuro-pneumonia has been discovered in borine animals exported from the United States of America, and that consequently there is reason to suspect all the animals of the bovine species of that country to be afflicted with that disease;
Considering article 60 of regulations of 20th September, 1893, which fixes at fortyfive days the delay of sequestration of bovine animals suspected to be contaminated with that disease;
Considering the report of the veterinary inspection;
DECREES:
Article 1. By a modification of the decrees of the 14th of March, 1884, and of the 28th of July, 1891, above referred to, and until further ordered, the importation of animals of the bovine species imported from the United States of America may not take place at any other port than Antwerp.
Such animals will be subject in said port to a quarantine of forty-five days.
Article 2. Nevertheless, the animals in course of expedition on the day after the day of publication in the Moniteur of the present decree may be disembarked in the port of Antwerp on the condition that they be taken to a public slaughterhouse (abattoir public) to be killed there under the delay provided for by the regular rules.
THE MINISTER. (Signed)
L. DE BRUYN. BRUSSELS, August 25, 1894.
Mr. Uhl to Mr. Ewing.
Washington, September 12, 1894. Sir: I have to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch No. 83, of the 31st ultimo, relative to the quarantine regulations of the Belgian Government applicable to American cattle.
Commending your discreet efforts to secure modifications of the reg. ulations in question, I am, etc.,
EDWIN F. UHL,
Acting Secretary.
ADMEASUREMENT OF VESSELS.
Mr. Le Ghait to Mr. Gresham.
LEGATION OF BELGIUM,
Washington, December 23, 1893. Mr. SECRETARY OF STATE: The Belgian Government has received, as the United States Government doubtless has also, a letter from the London International Statistical Institute, advocating a meeting of an international commission for the unification of the systems of admeasuring seagoing vessels that are now in force in the different countries.
My Government would be glad to be acquainted with the views of the United States Government in relation to this proposition. So far as it is concerned, it would be glad to see this measure carried out, as its utility appears incontestable, and it is prepared to cooperate in any efforts that may be made to this end. I beg, etc.,
A. LE GHAIT.
Mr. Gresham to Mr. Le Ghait.
Washington, February 5, 1894. SIR: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 23d of December last, in which you ask an expression of the views of the Government of the United States relative to a proposi. tion for convening an international commission for the unification of the systems of admeasuring seagoing vessels in the various countries concerned.
The matter was promptly referred to the Treasury Department, and I am now in receipt of a letter of the 30th ultimo from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury which contains the conclusions of that Department.
"While the Government of the United States recognizes the utility of uniformity among commercial nations in the methods of admeasuring vessels and is willing to cooperate in any practical measure to establish such uniformity, at the present time it is disposed to believe that more rapid progress toward the desired end can be effected through correspondence and through the concentration of efforts on the law-making branches of the governments of the commercial nations interested than through the convocation of an international conference. It is confirmed in its belief by a view of the parliamentary history of the establishment of the regulations for admeasurement in vogue in the various countries, subsequent to and based upon the adoption of the "Moorsom" system by Great Britain in 1854. It deems appli: cable in part to the proposition for an international tonnage conference the conclusions of the international maritime conference of 1889 concerning the proposed establishment of a permanent international maritime commission. Those conclusions, to which the delegates from Belgium, Chile, France, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States assented were: "It seems to your committee that such a consulting body of experts would not serve the purpose for which it is intended to be created, viz, that of facilitating the introduction of reforms in maritime legislation, because the advice given by such a commission would not in any way enable the governments of the maritime nations to dispense with the necessity of considering the subjects laid before them and laying the proposals made to them, if adopted, before the legislative bodies of the different states. The consequence of instituting a body like that in question, on the contrary, would, it appears, be this: That merely another investigation of any scheme proposed with a view to reforming international maritime laws would have to be gone through before the opinions of the governments could be taken, and thus the course of procedure as it is now—by correspondence between the different governments-would be made more complicated instead of being simplified.""
It should be observed that the British Government, so far as this Department is aware, has taken no steps to carry out the recommendations of the London 'Internatioval Statistical Institute to which you refer, and that the letter of that institute is based largely upon a report by Mr. M. A. N. Kiaer, director of the Norwegian Bureau of Statistics, whose Government has since (September 14, 1893) enacted a law covering the matter of admeasurements in Norway, and conforming, with certain exceptions, to the system now existing in Great Britain and
the United States.
Accept, etc.,
W. Q. GRESHAJ.
BOLIVIA,
PROMOTION OF MAJOR FORTÚN.
Mr. Moonlight to Mr. Gresham.
No. 8.
La Paz, Bolivia, May 5, 1894. (Received June 1.) SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith copy of note No. 6 to the minister of foreign relations, requesting "if consistent with the views of the Government and the custom in like cases," the promotion of Maj. Romulo Fortún of the army and an aid-de-camp to his excellency the President of the Republic, for courtesies and kindnesses received on my arrival and during the reception. This, I was assured, was according to custom and was expected.
Inclosed also find reply of the minister of foreign relations, with translation of the same, in which it seems Maj. Fortún had been, along with all leading officers and officials of the army, promoted April 4 on the recovery of the President (who had been sick) and his resumption of the duties of his office, and the case is now in the hands of the minister of war for consideration. I have, etc.,
Thos. MOONLIGHT.
[Inclosure 1 in No.8.]
Mr. Moonlight to Dr. Emeterio Cano.
La Paz, Bolivia, April 25, 1894. Sir: The many courtesies received from Maj. Romulo Fortún, of the infantry and aid-de-camp to his excellency the constitutional President of the Republic of Bolivia, induces me to solicit the favor (if consistent with the views of the Government and the custom in like cases) of the promotion of the said Maj. Romulo Fortún to the rank of commandant. I renew, etc.,
Thomas MOONLIGHT.
[Inclosure 2 in No. 8.- Translation.]
Dr. Emeterio Cano to Mr. Moonlight.
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN RELATIONS,
La Paz, May 4, 1894. Your EXCELLENCY: In reply to your kind note of the 25th ultimo, in which your excellency was pleased to request the promotion of Commandant Romulo Fortuin, to whose lot it fell, by order of the Government, to do the honors of reception to your excellency from Puerto Perez (to this city), I have the honor to inform you that I have communicated the matter to the minister of war, to whose jurisdiction it belongs.
In the meantime I have the pleasure of notifying you that Commandant Fortún has been included in the promotions decreed by general order of April 4, on the occasion of the restoration of the President of the Republic, and as a reward for the serv. ices rendered by the commanders and officers of the army. I renew, etc.,
EMETERIO CAxo.


text:
Too little legal advice for SME tax problems
A government-funded service introduced to help small businesses embroiled in a dispute with the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) does not offer enough support, a leading accounting and tax advisory firm says.
Accountant businessman working in office having a stress.
Funding for the Small Business Concierge Service, run by the Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman's office, was announced in March to provide advice to small businesses without legal representation regarding the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) process.
The service includes one hour of legal advice for unrepresented small businesses for the subsidised rate of $100. After applying to the AAT, small businesses may receive another hour of free legal advice.
BDO Business Services Partner David Fechner said the concierge service was welcome but said the initial one-hour time allocation was "probably far too small to be useful".
"If it was an issue that small businesses could deal with that quickly then they probably wouldn't need to speak to anybody," he said.
"I think they should be setting their number at three or four hours to get to the nub of the issue and understand what's going on."
Under the new system, a dedicated Small Business Taxation Division will also be created within the AAT to provide a dedicated case manager throughout the process and a lower standard application fee of $500. AAT decisions will be made within 28 days of the hearing.
Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman Kate Carnell said the new service made it simpler, faster and cheaper for small businesses to address their tax disputes with the ATO.
She said the one-hour session with an experienced small business tax lawyer would be subsidised through the scheme and would allow the lawyer to review documents and provide advice on the viability of an appeal.
"Our case managers will help small business owners understand the AAT process; providing information on costs and timelines to support a timely resolution," Carnell said.
"Should an appeal progress, our case managers will help the small business owner with the process … and ASBFEO will offer an additional hour with a lawyer, at no cost to the small business."
BDO provides advice to businesses going through an audit process and also to those considering appealing an ATO decision.
Fechner said small businesses that received an audit request from the ATO should deal with it promptly by addressing the audit questions in detail.
"You should put together all of the information and then get your tax adviser to review it," he said.
"Disputes then become a commercial decision like any litigation – how much is in dispute and how much are you prepared to spend on advisory fees to dispute it?
"This is why the Ombudsman service would be useful if it allowed a greater amount of time and money because it would allow small businesses that have legitimate claims to not have to make a decision that looks like a litigation decision – I doubt one-hour is going to be enough.
"We think the level should be substantially higher and any news that gets out there to increase the debate on this is good news because hopefully someone might pick up on it."
This article is sponsored by BDO Adelaide.
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text:
Great Canadian Birdathon 2015 Report #2
By Michael McMillan
Download the PDF of this article, which contains many beautiful photos.
On May 9, at 6:30 a.m. I arrived at George Pond's house in Simcoe to join George, Peggy McArthur, Alan McKeown, and Shelia Smith to begin my Birdathon.
A couple of minutes after leaving George's we made our first stop at a grassy field on Luscombe Drive just north of Highway 3 at the west end of Simcoe. Immediately I had my first three birds. An insect-like buzz was coming from a Grasshopper Sparrow perched on a long blade of grass. Somewhere in the distance, was the faint buzz of a Clay-colored Sparrow. Above us a Tree Swallow swooped in a circle before stopping to rest on a wire.
Just before we turned west on Highway 3 from Luscombe Drive a Wild Turkey exploded into flight out of a ditch. We headed south on Hillcrest Road and then turned west onto the 5th Concession. At a brief stop along this road the familiar "witchity-witchity" of a Common Yellowthroat came from a nearby wet area. On another concession road near Turkey Point Road, a Black-throated Blue Warbler flitted at the edge of a forest alongside the road.
Shortly after arriving at Bird Studies Canada at Port Rowan, we were joined by the other members of our group: Diane Salter, Betty Chanyi, and Anne Wynia. A quick scan of the wetland here yielded two Green Herons. Across the road numerous Purple Martins gathered around an eye-catching futuristic looking martin house. I had never before seen a martin house like this one.
The group all piled into three vehicles and headed to Old Cut. Along the causeway a solitary Mute Swan was visible on the bay side.
A walk around Old Cut produced a White-throated Sparrow, a male Scarlet Tanager, a Red-eyed Vireo, a Blue-headed Vireo, a Rose-breasted Grosbeak, a Ruby-crowed Kinglet, an American Redstart, a Magnolia Warbler, and a Black-&- white Warbler.
On a quick walk along Lighthouse Crescent I saw a Chestnut-sided Warbler, a Palm Warbler and a Purple Finch. Just as we were leaving Old Cut, we noticed several Pine Siskins at the bird feeders. I haven't often had Pine Siskins on the Birdathon because, by mid-May, they are usually further north.
Our next stop on Long Point at the Old Park was productive. Here we saw a Brown Thrasher, an Eastern Wood Pewee, several Brown-headed Cowbirds, a Gray Catbird and a Warbling Vireo. Warblers seen here were a Black-throated Green, a Bay-breasted, and a Cape May. Several people got excellent pictures of the Cape May Warbler as it posed close by in the bright sunlight. While we were in the park a Loon and a Broad-winged Hawk flew over.
During a quick stop at the lookout over the marsh on the causeway we spotted three American Coots and an Eastern Kingbird. Several Barn Swallows were nesting under the lookout.
At the old Port Rowan sewage lagoon, now a restored wetland, were three kinds of ducks: Redheads, Buffleheads and Mallards. Nearby, a Pied-billed Grebe could be heard.
At a stop at a grassy field on the Front Road west of Port Rowan a Bobolink's head was visible poking out of the grass. A Meadowlark was perched in a distant tree.
Further west at the Port Royal bridge over Big Creek, the faces of Cliff Swallows peered from their mud nests attached to the underside of the bridge. A Rough-winged Swallow sat on a tree branch over the creek while a Phoebe periodically bobbed its tail from its perch on another tree branch. Further on, at the Lee Brown Sanctuary, were several American Wigeons.
Further west again, in a ploughed field amongst a group of Ring-billed Gulls were two Bonaparte's Gulls. Soon we arrived at the Jackson-Gunn Old Growth Forest where, in the distance, we heard a Pileated Woodpecker and, from the road, we were fortunate to have a good look at a Red-headed Woodpecker bouncing from tree trunk to tree trunk. On the ground nearby was a Veery.
Heading back east on the Front Road we stopped at Betty Chanyi's house where, at her bird feeders, we added several more species – a White-crowned Sparrow, a House Finch, American Gold Finches and a young Orchard Oriole. Betty's feeders also provided the best bird of the day, a Harris' Sparrow, a bird that was out of its territory because it should not be as far east as southern Ontario.
By now it was far past normal lunch time so we headed to Diane Salter's to enjoy our lunch on her deck while keeping an eye on her feeders. We were rewarded with an Indigo Bunting, a White-breasted Nuthatch, and a Downy Woodpecker while a Great Blue Heron flew past overhead.
Our first stop following lunch was at the Timpf property where an Eastern Towhee sang form its perch high up in a tree. Here I added an Eastern Bluebird and a Swamp Sparrow to my list.
Back at BSC those who had been car pooling picked up their own vehicles and we headed east. During a short stop in the parking area of the Backus Woods the clear "teacher-teacher-teacher" of an Ovenbird rang out. It is usually easier to hear this bird than to see it.
Just west of Port Ryerse a Bald Eagle soared over a field. Our Port Ryerse stop was quite productive. We found two Kingfishers along the creek. On some rocks not far off the lakeshore were Forster's Terns, Caspian Terns and a Common Tern. Far out on the water bouncing on the waves was a Red-breasted Merganser.
After a futile stop at the pier in Port Dover we headed to the Townsend Sewage Lagoons for our final stop of the day. On the mudflats here were several Semi-palmated Sandpipers, a Least Sandpiper, a Lesser Yellowlegs and a Dunlin. On the water were Ruddy Ducks, Northern Shovelers and a Blue-winged Teal. A Solitary Sandpiper flew by very closely to us.
My total for the day was 101 species. I am grateful to the group for allowing me to join them. It was an enjoyable day for me doing my Birdathon with them. Without their help I would not have identified as many species. There is still some money to come in, but I am hopeful the final amount will exceed $4,700. I am thankful to you, my sponsors, for raising this sum of money for bird research and conservation across the country.
Tax receipts will be issued by Bird Studies Canada either by e-mail or regular mail in the summer. Refer to the list on page 3 of the birds I managed to identify by seeing or hearing them.
Thank you for sponsoring me,
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