text:
Q: Connection closed by remote host after pressing tab for autocomplete I am connecting to a virtual box installation of Ubuntu 15.10 using putty:
Welcome to Ubuntu 15.10 (GNU/Linux 4.2.0-22-generic x86_64)

If do simply cd folde [tab] a window opens
"Connection closed by remote host"

I have absolutely no idea what is wrong and how to fix this and where this is suddenly coming from.
Edit: new info: this does not seem to happen as root.

What I have tried so far:

*

*Ugraded ubuntu

*Tested both mobaxterm and simple putty

*Putty to any other machine works fine

*It is not due to lack of memory: MemTotal:        9996524 kB, MemFree:         9422540 kB, MemAvailable:    9830548 kB

*Starting another bash using exec bash will make the problem appear less frequently.

beginner@avalon:~$ sudo tail -100f /var/log/syslog
[sudo] password for beginner:
Dec 21 10:50:44 avalon whoopsie[574]: [10:50:44] online
Dec 21 10:50:48 avalon NetworkManager[623]: <info>  WiFi hardware radio set enabled
Dec 21 10:50:48 avalon NetworkManager[623]: <info>  WWAN hardware radio set enabled
Dec 21 10:50:52 avalon ntpdate[865]: no server suitable for synchronization found
Dec 21 10:51:02 avalon ntpdate[1035]: no server suitable for synchronization found
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device/start timed out.
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device.
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: Dependency failed for /dev/disk/by-uuid/66341dbb-4e46-4bcd-89ad-9b40aa873fe6.
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.swap: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.swap/start failed with result 'dependency'.
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: Startup finished in 9.395s (kernel) + 3min 519ms (userspace) = 3min 9.914s.
Dec 21 10:52:08 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device/start failed with result 'timeout'.
Dec 21 11:04:03 avalon systemd[1]: Starting Cleanup of Temporary Directories...
Dec 21 11:04:03 avalon systemd-tmpfiles[1074]: [/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/var.conf:14] Duplicate line for path "/var/log", ignoring.
Dec 21 11:04:03 avalon systemd[1]: Started Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1]: Created slice user-1001.slice.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1]: Starting User Manager for UID 1001...
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 1 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Paths.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Timers.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Sockets.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Basic System.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Default.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1084]: Startup finished in 26ms.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1001.
Dec 21 11:08:14 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 2 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1]: Stopping User Manager for UID 1001...
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Reached target Shutdown.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Starting Exit the Session...
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Stopped target Default.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Stopped target Basic System.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Stopped target Sockets.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Stopped target Timers.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Stopped target Paths.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1084]: Received SIGRTMIN+24 from PID 1215 (kill).
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1]: Stopped User Manager for UID 1001.
Dec 21 11:08:18 avalon systemd[1]: Removed slice user-1001.slice.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1]: Created slice user-1001.slice.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1]: Starting User Manager for UID 1001...
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 3 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Sockets.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Timers.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Paths.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Basic System.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Default.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1223]: Startup finished in 14ms.
Dec 21 11:08:19 avalon systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1001.
Dec 21 11:08:20 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 4 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1]: Stopping User Manager for UID 1001...
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Reached target Shutdown.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Starting Exit the Session...
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Stopped target Default.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Stopped target Basic System.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Stopped target Sockets.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Stopped target Timers.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Stopped target Paths.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1223]: Received SIGRTMIN+24 from PID 1308 (kill).
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1]: Stopped User Manager for UID 1001.
Dec 21 11:08:39 avalon systemd[1]: Removed slice user-1001.slice.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1]: Created slice user-1001.slice.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1]: Starting User Manager for UID 1001...
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 5 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Reached target Paths.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Reached target Sockets.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Reached target Timers.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Reached target Basic System.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Reached target Default.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1318]: Startup finished in 17ms.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 1001.
Dec 21 11:08:46 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 6 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:09:44 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device/start timed out.
Dec 21 11:09:44 avalon systemd[1]: Timed out waiting for device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device.
Dec 21 11:09:44 avalon systemd[1]: Dependency failed for /dev/disk/by-uuid/66341dbb-4e46-4bcd-89ad-9b40aa873fe6.
Dec 21 11:09:44 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.swap: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.swap/start failed with result 'dependency'.
Dec 21 11:09:44 avalon systemd[1]: dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device: Job dev-disk-by\x2duuid-66341dbb\x2d4e46\x2d4bcd\x2d89ad\x2d9b40aa873fe6.device/start failed with result 'timeout'.
Dec 21 11:16:00 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 7 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:16:00 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 8 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:16:21 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 9 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:16:21 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 10 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:17:01 avalon CRON[2542]: (root) CMD (   cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Dec 21 11:17:54 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 12 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:17:54 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 13 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:19:42 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 14 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:23:41 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 15 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:24:27 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 16 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:34:47 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 17 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:34:47 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 18 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:35:49 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 19 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:35:49 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 20 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:35:53 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 21 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:35:53 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 22 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:36:23 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 23 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:36:23 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 24 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:40:10 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 25 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:40:10 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 26 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:41:17 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 27 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:41:17 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 28 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:52:24 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 29 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:52:24 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 30 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:52:29 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 31 of user beginner.
Dec 21 11:52:29 avalon systemd[1]: Started Session 32 of user beginner.

$ sudo crontab -e
[sudo] password for beginner:
no crontab for root - using an empty one

Check file /etc/crontab:
$ sudo less /etc/contab
# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab

# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.

SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# m h dom mon dow user  command
17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )

#
Files in cron.daily and cron.hourly
raphael@frankfurt:~$ ls /etc/cron*
/etc/crontab

/etc/cron.d:
anacron

/etc/cron.daily:
0anacron  bsdmainutils      logrotate  passwd                  upstart
apport    cracklib-runtime  man-db     popularity-contest
apt       dpkg              mlocate    update-notifier-common

/etc/cron.hourly:

Diskspace seems fine:
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            4.8G     0  4.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           977M  9.0M  968M   1% /run
/dev/sda1        40G   11G   28G  28% /
tmpfs           4.8G  4.0K  4.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           4.8G     0  4.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
cgmfs           100K     0  100K   0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs           977M  4.0K  977M   1% /run/user/1001

A: The problem was the following:
I am sourcing some scripts to setup my environment. One of them contains
set -e

Everything that causes an error will stop the execution of the bash.
Lessons learned: never set -e in .bashrc.

Edit:
As NicoMinsk pointed out, it is possible to set -e at the very end of bashrc without any problems.


SABR sells and distributes Loftware Web Services, for remote Barcode Label printing and RFID encoding integration with Loftware Print Server®.
Loftware Web Services (LWS) provides a seamless and efficient way to bring all of your web based applications together to communicate with your enterprise labeling systems. It eliminates costly and inefficient programming, therefore, lowering your company's investment costs. A service based interface brings all of your existing third party applications under one printing system, thus, cutting software and hardware investment costs.
With Lofware Web Services, a company's ERP systems can be provided with a fully flexible and scalable printing system that grows as the company grows. Deployment of custom applications is more efficient, cutting company costs and laying a solid foundation for a company's supply chain's labeling future.


text:
Q: Integrating Multiple IDPs with Okta I would like to setup Okta to use two identity providers - SAML & OpenID Connect. I would also like the users to be able to choose which IDP during the login process with one of the IDPs being the default. Has anyone implemented a custom login solution with multiple IDP's?
Thanks!

A: Take a look a the doc for the Okta Sign in Widget:
https://developer.okta.com/code/javascript/okta_sign-in_widget_ref

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MUSIC NEWS: ORGY Wakes Up the Alternative Electronic Scene with Addictive New Single "Wide Awake And Dead" - Coming March 18, 2014
'Wide Awake And Dead' is a re-awakening; a revival of ORGY, a collection of audio-veterans brimming with talent and raring to go, and make big waves in 2014. 'Wide Awake And Dead' marks the first single from ORGY released this year, as a musical collaboration written by group members Carlton Bost, Bobby Amaro, Nic Speck, Creighton Emrick and Jay Gordon.
Starting on Tuesday, March 18th, fans can download 'Wide Awake And Dead' right now via iTunes and other major digital retailers, or at www.orgymusic.com/wad/.
'Wide Awake And Dead', just like the lyrics mimic, is addictive at its most transient points, and downright obsession-rendering at its hook. The single is indicative of the direction that ORGY is headed in 2014—this new sound is brimming with crisp, charging guitars, unforgettable lyrics, and transfixing melodies.
ORGY will be touring the USA again on the second leg of "Wide Awake and Dead Tour 2014". The band will be heading out to support the launch of the single and EP. ORGY will continue to hit major markets throughout the country in 2014 and are seeking to book a world tour in Europe, Australia. Stay tuned for dates to be announced soon.
ORGY emerged in the Goth music scene in 1998 with their incredible remake of 'Blue Monday'. The track sold over 1 million copies and built a worldwide audience for the brand. After years of success and then a brief hiatus, founding member Jay Gordon (vocals) decided it was time to kick things back up due to high demand, and begin recording and touring again in support of ORGY's fans. After piecing the band back together with skilled instrumentalists, 2014 marked the addition of guitarist and bassist Creighton Emrick, adding another layer of unique synth guitar sounds and melodies.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A 26-year-old semitruck driver was killed Saturday in Minnesota when a load of steel shifted and crashed through his cab, the Pioneer Press reported.
The Mecklenburg County Sheriff's Office said a detention officer was terminated Friday after being charged with sexual assault.
Duke Energy Corp. eliminated 1900 positions in its latest round of job reductions, largely through voluntary buyouts but with some involuntary layoffs included.


I'm pleased to share that we now offer conventional renovation loans, called the homestyle program. The use of this program is for a purchaser who would like to finance the purchase of a property and also receive financing for renovations and repairs. Previously, there was only the FHA 203k loan which is sometimes a more expensive choice because of the 1.15%/year mortgage insurance. Also, FHA mortgage insurance never goes away.
The conventional Homestyle program is available for those who have the cash to put down 5%, for loan amounts up to $679,650.
The program works for owner occupants, second homes, and investment properties! Second homes will require 10% down and investment properties require 20% down. These are great options for purchasers who plan to buy and hold a property, they are not intended for investors who plan to flip, however.
On a conventional loan if the purchaser is putting down 20%, there is no mortgage insurance. This differs from FHA which requires mortgage insurance at any down payment.


It is the holiday season and we invite you to join us for the Huber Heights Chamber Annual Holiday Luncheon and Gift Exchange. We will meet at the St Peter Father Ries Conference Center( behind the school ) at 6161 Chambersburg Road from 11:30 am to 1 pm.
Activities include a Christmas performance by the St Peter Choir and a gift exchange. Bring an exchange gift and take an exchange gift. You must bring a gift to take a gift. You decide the value of the gift you exchange. Other gifts to be given!
Bring plenty of business cards! You must RSVP!!!!!


text:
Gerd Faltings (Gelsenkirchen, 28 juli 1954) is een Duits wiskundige die bekend is door zijn werk in de rekenkundige algebraïsche meetkunde. Hij slaagde erin het vermoeden van Mordell te bewijzen.

Biografie
Faltings werd geboren in het Gelsenkirchense stadsdeel Buer. Van 1972 tot 1978 studeerde hij wiskunde en natuurkunde aan de Universiteit van Münster. In 1978 ontving hij zijn doctoraat in de wiskunde en in 1981 verkreeg hij de venia Legendi (Habilitatie) in de wiskunde, beide aan de Universiteit van Münster. Gedurende deze tijd was hij assistent-professor aan de Universiteit van Münster. Van 1982 tot 1984 was hij hoogleraar aan de Bergische Universität Wuppertal. Daarna was hij hoogleraar aan de Universiteit van Princeton (1985-1994).

Hij werd in 1986 gelauwerd met de Fields-medaille voor zijn bewijs van het vermoeden van Mordell; dit vermoeden stelt dat elke niet-singuliere projectieve kromme van genus g > 1, gedefinieerd over een getallenveld K slechts eindig veel K-rationale punten bevat. Het vermoeden van Mordell heet sedertdien de stelling van Faltings.

Sinds 1995 is hij directeur van het Max-Planck-Institut voor Wiskunde in Bonn. In 1996 ontving hij de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-prijs van de Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, de belangrijkste prijs in de Duitse wetenschap.

Prijzen
 Fields-medaille (1986)
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-prijs (1996)
 Cantor-medaille (2017)

Externe links
 Gerd Faltings op MacTutor
 Faltings' thuispagina aan de Universiteit van Bonn

Duits wiskundige
Getaltheoreticus
Winnaar van de Fieldsmedaille

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Book review: 'Fangirl' by Rainbow Rowell
One of my favorite things about reading is finding an author who just ~gets you!~ They know what you like, and they deliver. Cue Rainbow Rowell – who I will refer to simply as Rainbow because we're totally on a first name basis and it's just a cute freakin' name.
I've read a couple of Rainbow's books now, including Landline and Eleanor & Park, and I recently finished Fangirl just before starting up Attachments. Can you tell I like her work? One of the things I enjoy so much about Rainbow's writing is how real it is. How you can't help but feel like you know her characters on an intimate level. Like you know their whole lives, not just the parts covered in 200 or so pages. There's a strong sense of reality in her works of fiction that is missing in many other books.
With Fangirl, I found myself relating to the book's main character, Cath, in a variety of ways: we both love to write, wear glasses and can get entirely too caught up in works of fiction. Not to mention how talented Cath (in the form of Rainbow) is at noticing/obsessing over the small details about other people's appearances – mainly boys'.
As an incoming college freshman, Cath is also Internet famous for the Simon Snow fanfiction she writes. Simon Snow is a made up book series within the Fangirl story, and is basically a Harry Potter and Twilight hybrid. For this reason, some readers bash Fangirl, but I think it just makes Cath's obsession with a fictional world that much more relatable and acceptable.
While adjusting to college life, Cath also must come to terms with the ever-growing distance between her and her twin sister, Wren; her manic father and estranged biological mother; a new roommate and *gasp* a new love interest, Levi (who may be one of the most adorable fictitious characters I've ever "met"). Not to mention impending release of the final book in the Simon Snow series . . .
I give this book:
"The whole point of fanfiction is that you get to play inside somebody else's universe. Rewrite the rules. Or bend them. The story doesn't have to end. You can stay in this world, this world you love, as long as you want, as long as you keep thinking of new stories," ― Rainbow Rowell, Fangirl
There is nothing crazy or overly dramatic about this plot, like many of those in Rainbow's books. Instead, her stories are much more like life: chugging along until a few major moments shape what comes next.
As one Goodreads reviewer so aptly put it: "Whether you find yourself in the insecure girl who's afraid of life; the happy-go-lucky guy always ready with a smile; the self-centered sister; the deceitful friend; the emotionally disabled dad; the outspoken, honest roommate; the talented but uncertain writer; the intellectual or the one who falls short; the life of the party or the one hiding in the shadows — there are bits and pieces of everyone scattered throughout this story; representing all the highs and lows that make us exactly who we are."
I recommend Fangirl (and any of Rainbow's books) to anyone who is looking to get caught up in someone else's story, and to anyone who wants to smile and laugh out loud while flipping through the pages.
Tessa Fox is the Early Literacy Librarian at the Kenosha Public Library. After working in the journalism and publishing fields, Tessa decided to dedicate her life to books and public librarianship, and went back to school to get her Master's in Library and Information Science from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she graduated in December 2016. Tessa has been working in public libraries since 2014. Disclaimer: The views expressed here are mine alone and do not reflect those of my employer.
Connect with me online!
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text:
Q: mysql can't get hostname for your address I've searched for this issue but couldn't get any solution working from the client side.
We've mysql server with Apache on Ubuntu.
Our client (MacOS) is getting "can't get hostname for your address" error when connecting to our database. He is able to connect without any problems from Home network but not from his work network.
None of our other clients face this issue so I guess there is no problem on server side.
Solutions like editing my.ini or my.cnf is not what we're looking for as server side changes are not encouraged. Any help towards solving this problem will be appreciated.
Server: mysql (Apache,Ubuntu)
Client: macOS

A: When you say the client in question

is able to connect without any problems from Home network but not from
  his work network

then I assume it will get assigned a different IP address when connected to the office network versus when connected via VPN from home.
Getting a hostname for an address is nothing but reverse DNS, i.e. first of all, find out which IP address the machine is assigned in the office network and in the home network, see: https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/20547/how-do-i-find-my-ip-address-from-the-command-line.
Then try an
nslookup

using either address and check if a hostname is being reported or not. I'd bet in case of the office network, it will come back with NXDOMAIN.
Then the next question is why. That means you will have to check how IP is resolved to names on your network. This can either be a local hosts file or some DHCP/DNS server on your network which doesn't know the name for an IP it's given out.

A: In my case, I try everything available on the Internet but nothing works for me. So I try to solve this problem by changing the name of the computer (B2 to BBB), which changes the numeric value from the Hostname of a computer and finally my problem is solved.


text:
October 16, 2017 October 16, 2017 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton and George Washington, George Washington, Teamwork, WashingtonLeave a comment
One great example of the legendary collaboration between Washington and Hamilton during Washington's presidency is in the written correspondence they shared in the summer of 1792. Washington described concerns that were raised to him about the administration's policy's, most of which had been built and enacted by Hamilton himself. In response, Hamilton (unsurprisingly) drafted a lengthy, 10,000+ word response that addressed each of the objections Washington presented. I've included excerpts of some of the objections and Hamilton's responses that I found most interesting below along with some commentary and analysis, but I encourage you to read the full letters, available from Founders Online. You can find Washington's July 29, 1792 letter here, and Hamilton's August 18, 1792 response here.
Image from Mount Vernon
Washington wrote to Hamilton from Mt. Vernon about his conversations with others about the state of the government:
"On my way home, and since my arrival here, I have endeavoured to learn from sensible & moderate men—known friends to the Government—the sentiments which are entertained of public measures. These all agree that the Country is prosperous & happy; but they seem to be alarmed at that system of policy, and those interpretations of the Constitution which have taken place in Congress."
Washington divided the concerns into twenty-one categories, and asked Hamilton to respond to those criticisms "as soon as you can make it convenient to yourself." Most of the criticisms focused on financial policy. Hamilton responded about three weeks later with a lengthy point-by-point defense of the policies he had put into place.
The first and foremost concern Washington expressed was that the public debt was "greater than we can possibly pay" and that the amount of the debt had been miscalculated. Summing up the criticisms he had heard, he wrote:
"That the public debt is greater than we can possibly pay before other causes of adding new debt to it will occur; and that this has been artificially created by adding together the whole amount of the debtor & creditor sides of the accounts, instead of taking only their balances; which could have been paid off in a short time."
First, Hamilton defended the amount of the debt:
"The public Debt was produced by the late war. It is not the fault of the present government that it exists; unless it can be proved, that public morality and policy do not require of a Government an honest provision for its debts."
Hamilton responded, ridiculing the assumptions of the critics who had spoken to Washington:
"The thirteen States in their joint capacity owed a certain sum. The same states, in their separate capacities, owed another sum. These two sums constituted the aggregate of the public Debt. The public, in a political sense, compounded of the Governments of the Union and of the several states, was the debtor. The individuals who held the various evidences of debt were the creditors. It would be non-sense to say, that the combining of the two parts of the public Debt is adding together the Debtor and Creditor sides of the account. So great an absurdity cannot be supposed to be intended by the objection. Another meaning must therefore be sought for."
Hamilton also discussed the general benefits of having a public debt:
"The general inducements to a provision for the public Debt are—I To preserve the public faith and integrity by fulfilling as far as was practicable the public engagements. II To manifest a due respect for property by satisfying the public obligations in the hands of the public Creditors and which were as much their property as their houses or their lands their hats or their coats. III To revive and establish public Credit; the palladium of public safety. IV To preserve the Government itself by shewing it worthy of the confidence which was placed in it, to procure to the community the blessings which in innumerable ways attend confidence in the Government and to avoid the evils which in as many ways attend the want of confidence in it."
After an extensive justification of his financial policy, Hamilton responded to the political points raised by critics. One of the objections Washington included was that Hamilton's ultimate goal was to change the present republican form of Government. Critics today have sometimes leveled the same criticism of Hamilton.
Hamilton's response to the charge was very direct:
"To this there is no other answer than a flat denial—except this that the project from its absurdity refutes itself.
The idea of introducing a monarchy or aristocracy into this Country, by employing the influence and force of a Government continually changing hands, towards it, is one of those visionary things, that none but madmen could meditate and that no wise men will believe.
If it could be done at all, which is utterly incredible, it would require a long series of time, certainly beyond the life of any individual to effect it. Who then would enter into such plot? For what purpose of interest or ambition?
To hope that the people may be cajoled into giving their sanctions to such institutions is still more chimerical. A people so enlightened and so diversified as the people of this Country can surely never be brought to it, but from convulsions and disorders, in consequence of the acts of popular demagogues.
The truth unquestionably is, that the only path to a subversion of the republican system of the Country is, by flattering the prejudices of the people, and exciting their jealousies and apprehensions, to throw affairs into confusion, and bring on civil commotion. Tired at length of anarchy, or want of government, they may take shelter in the arms of monarchy for repose and security."
If you're interested in reading more on the relationship and collaboration between Washington and Hamilton, here are some suggested reading titles:
Washington and Hamilton: The Alliance that Forged America by Stephen Knott and Tony Williams
Washington and His Colleagues: A Chronicle of the Rise and Fall of Federalism by Henry Ford Jones, available for free via Full Text Archives or Google Books
Hamil-Burrn: Samuel Chase, the Publius Letters, and Hamilton's Critique of Public Corruption
January 23, 2017 January 22, 2017 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, George Washington, HamiltonLeave a comment
At age 21, a young and fiery Alexander Hamilton directed some serious vitriol towards Samuel Chase, a Maryland Congressman. As a Congressman, Chase had known of Congress' secret plan for securing flour to supply the French fleet. He then passed on this information to profit-minded associates, who hatched a plan to corner the supply of flour and raise its price. In a series of three Publius letters in October and November 1778, Hamilton blasted Chase for seeking to profit from the Revolution, and using his position as a Member of Congress to damage the country and the Revolutionary movement.
The first Publius letter, published on October 16, 1778 accused Chase of violating his sacred responsibilities of office:
But when a man, appointed to be the guardian of the State, and the depositary of the happiness and morals of the people—forgetful of the solemn relation, in which he stands—descends to the dishonest artifices of a mercantile projector, and sacrifices his conscience and his trust to pecuniary motives; there is no strain of abhorrence, of which the human mind is capable, nor punishment, the vengeance of the people can inflict, which may not be applied to him, with justice. If it should have happened that a Member of C———ss has been this degenerate character, and has been known to turn the knowledge of secrets, to which his office gave him access, to the purposes of private profit, by employing emissaries to engross an article of immediate necessity to the public service; he ought to feel the utmost rigor of public resentment, and be detested as a traitor of the worst and most dangerous kind.
Hamilton's deep abhorrence of corruption and the use of political power for personal gain is apparent in his criticism of Chase. Particularly during a time of war, Hamilton felt that Chase's use of information he had gained through his position of political trust for profit made him a "traitor of the worst and most dangerous kind."
Hamilton's second letter, published on October 26, 1778, criticized Chase as a man of mediocre (at best) talents, who had forced himself into public view as a result of the scandal and thus "acquired an indisputed title to be immortalised in infamy." Hamilton packed no punches in his letter, and his contempt of Chase shines unmistakably through:
The honor of being the hero of a public panegeric, is what you could hardly have aspired to, either from your talents, or from your good qualities. The partiality of your friends has never given you credit for more than mediocrity in the former; and experience has proved, that you are indebted for all your consequence, to the reverse of the latter. Had you not struck out a new line of prostitution for yourself, you might still have remained unnoticed, and contemptible—your name scarcely known beyond the little circle of your electors and clients, and recorded only in the journals of C–––––ss. But you have now forced yourself into view, in a light too singular and conspicuous to be over-looked, and have acquired an indisputed title to be immortalised in infamy.
In his third and final Publius letter on the subject of Chase's corruption, dated November 16, 1778, Hamilton painted a picture of Chase as someone driven by greed alone, who had achieved success but who had gone too far to return to a position of public trust
The love of money and the love of power are the predominating ingredients of your mind—cunning the characteristic of your understanding. This, has hitherto carried you successfully through life, and has alone raised you to the exterior consideration, you enjoy. The natural consequence of success, is temerity. It has now proceeded one step too far, and precipitated you into measures, from the consequences of which, you will not easily extricate yourself; your avarice will be fatal to your ambition. I have too good an opinion of the sense and spirit, to say nothing of the virtue of your countrymen, to believe they will permit you any longer to abuse their confidence, or trample upon their honour.
Hamilton urged Chase to resign from office in light of the scandal, and to stop the facade of patriotism.
It is a mark of compassion, to which you are not intitled, to advise you by a timely and voluntary retreat, to avoid the ignominy of a formal dismission. Your career has held out as long as you could have hoped. It is time you should cease to personate the fictitious character you have assumed, and appear what you really are—lay aside the mask of patriotism, and assert your station among the honorable tribe of speculators and projectors. Cultivate a closer alliance with your D—s—y and your W—t, the accomplices and instruments of your guilt, and console yourself for the advantage you have lost, by indulging your genius, without restraint, in all the forms and varieties of fashionable peculation.
Hamilton's accusations effectively ended Chase's career in the Continental Congress, and led him to near bankruptcy. Chase went home to Maryland, but returned to the national stage in the 1780s as a strong critic of the new Constitution. Chase would eventually switch his political beliefs and became aligned with the Federalist Party.
Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase (image from Wikipedia)
Interestingly, after his fall from the Continental Congress in disgrace, Chase was appointed by President Washington to be a Supreme Court justice in 1796. Chase later came into President Jefferson's cross-hairs after openly criticizing the Democratic-Republicans for the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801. Chase was served with eight articles of impeachment, and Vice President Aaron Burr presided over his impeachment trial. Chase was ultimately not impeached by a large margin, and served on the Supreme Court until his death. Chase's victory in avoiding impeachment helped maintain judicial independence from the executive and legislative branches. To read more about the trial, I recommend a 1967 article from the Maryland Law Review: "The Trials of Mr. Justice Samuel Chase." It's a fascinating read, and is available for free online via Digital Commons.
Hamilton's Premonitions of Civil War
January 4, 2017 December 29, 2016 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, Civil War, George Washington, HamiltonLeave a comment
In an August 18, 1792 letter to President Washington, Hamilton commented on the differences between the South and North and described the talk of separation from a small group of "respectable men." Hamilton noted that "happily," despite this talk of separation, the "prevailing sentiment" of the people during this time period was in favor of maintaining the Union.
It is certainly much to be regretted that party discriminations are so far Geographical as they have been; and that ideas of a severance of the Union are creeping in both North and South. In the South it is supposed that more government than is expedient is desired by the North. In the North, it is believed, that the prejudices of the South are incompatible with the necessary degree of Government and with the attainment of the essential ends of National Union. In both quarters there are respectable men who talk of separation, as a thing dictated by the different geniusses and different prejudices of the parts. But happily their number is not considerable—& the prevailing sentiment of the people is in favour of their true interest, union. And it is to be hoped that the Efforts of wise men will be able to prevent a scism, which would be injurious in different degrees to different portions of the Union; but would seriously wound the prosperity of all.
Hamilton's words of warning, nearly 70 years before the Civil War began, underscore the deep-seated tensions between North and South.
Hamilton at the Public Theater: Additional Casting Underway
July 17, 2014 itshamiltimeGeorge Washington, Hamilton, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Public TheaterLeave a comment
Broadway World reported today that "auditions are currently underway to fill several key roles" in Lin-Manuel Miranda's forthcoming Hamilton play at the Public Theater. The show is scheduled to run from January 20-February 22, 2015. Tickets for the show went on sale to Public Theater members last week and tickets to the general public will go on sale July 29. (I am going to the January 21 and January 23 performances!). Interestingly, the casting call lists an extension closing date of May 10, 2015, suggesting that perhaps the theater is anticipating a longer run for the show.
Backstage reprinted the casting call, which seeks actors for the parts of Aaron Burr, George Washington, and a few other characters:
Dir: Thomas Kail
Music/Lyrics: Lin-Manuel Miranda
Music Spvsr: Alex Lacamoire
Choreo: Andy Blankenbuehler
Casting: Telsey + Company/Bethany Knox
1st reh: 11/24/14. Runs: 1/20 – 2/22/15
Extension Closing: 5/10/15
GENERAL NOTE: Looking for people of all ages and all ethnicities for these roles. This storyline spans 25 years+, so age is not literal – like Aaliyah said, it's nothin' but a number.
SEEKING:
AARON BURR: tenor/baritone, sings and raps in equal measure. Our narrator. A cool, steely reserve. An orphan raised in wealth, plays his cards and opinions close to the vest. Slow to anger, but when he gets there, look out. Javert meets Mos Def.
GEORGE WASHINGTON: tenor/baritone, sings and raps in equal measure. Authoritative, regal, aloof, aware of his place in history at all times. John Legend meets Mufasa.
HERCULES MULLIGAN/JAMES MADISON (dual role): Tenor/baritone, MUST be able to sing and rap well.
MULLIGAN is the life of the party, dripping with swagger, streetwise and hilarious. Joins the revolution to get out of being a tailor's apprentice, and befriends Laurens, Hamilton and Lafayette. Busta Rhymes meets Donald O'Connor. MADISON is incisively intelligent, quiet, professorial. A former Hamilton ally, he becomes Jefferson's detail man concerning all matters—he gets things done. RZA meets Zach from Chorus Line.
KING GEORGE: tenor, British accent. The King of England. Entitled, pouty nihilist. Sees the American Colonies as a deluded former lover, who will come crawling back. Rufus Wainwright meets King Herod in JCS.
PEGGY SCHUYLER/MARIA REYNOLDS (dual role.): Mezzo-soprano. PEGGY SCHUYLER: sweet, shy, youngest of the three Schuyler Sisters. The Michelle Williams of Destiny's Child. MARIA REYNOLDS: sultry, young, calculating. Affects the role of a damsel in distress to seduce Hamilton. Jasmine Sullivan meets Carla from Nine.
All other roles have been CAST.
Images of Hamilton: Update- Trumbull Portrait Now on Display in NYC
September 29, 2013 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, Bentonville Arkansas, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, George Washington, John Trumbull, Met, MetMuseum, Museum, MyMet, New York City, United StatesLeave a comment
I had blogged earlier about John Trumbull's iconic portrait of Hamilton, and about plans to house the painting for public display at Crystal Bridges Art Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. This week, the portrait was formally unveiled at the Met, so all the NYC Hamiltonians can go take a look at the full-length portrait in person!
According to the Met's press release:
An iconic life-size portrait by the celebrated Revolutionary-era painter John Trumbull of Alexander Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury under President George Washington, is now on view in The American Wing of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. This is the painting's first showing at the Metropolitan since it was donated, earlier this year, by the global wealth manager and investment bank Credit Suisse to both the Metropolitan Museum in New York and Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas. At the Metropolitan, the work—which is considered the greatest known portrait of Hamilton and one of the finest civic portraits from the Federal period—is on display in Gallery 755, "Faces of the Young Republic," of the New Galleries for American Paintings, Sculpture, and Decorative Arts among portraits of other great heroes of the post-Revolutionary period.
Hamilton on the Hudson
July 24, 2013 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, George Washington, Hamilton, Hudson River, Hudson Valley, Melancton Smith, New York, New York CityLeave a comment
Hi all, sorry for the lack of posting recently. I'm in New York City and working on some Hamilton research and will share details here in the next few weeks.
I wanted to bring your attention to some great Hamilton events going on this weekend (July 26-28, 2013) in Upstate New York. The events are sponsored by the AHA Society to honor the 225th anniversary of the ratification of the US Constitution in New York (July 26, 1788). The ratification of the Constitution in New York was a dramatic, tumultuous event. When the debates began, the consensus of the delegates was to vote strongly against the Constitution. However, by the time the final votes were counted, Hamilton's persuasive skills had secured a 30-27 vote in favor of ratification, thus making New York the 11th state to join the Union.
Some highlights from the many great events include:
Friday from 7:30-9 in Poughkeepsie- A talk by Professor Andrew Shankman from Rutgers University entitled, "The Gentleman and the Democrat: Alexander Hamilton, Melancton Smith, and the Battle over the US Constitution."
Saturday at 11:30 in Garrison- A narrated walk tracing the steps of Benedict Arnold's escape route/Hamilton's chase route down to the Hudson River.
Sunday at 3 pm in Newburgh- a lecture series about George Washington and his aide-de-camp Alexander Hamilton in the Hudson Valley. The speakers for the afternoon include Hamilton scholar Michael Newton, AHA Society President Rand Scholet, and Johanna Porr, Director of the Historical Society of Newburgh. The lectures will take place at the Newburgh Heritage Center, also known as the Old Courthouse.
For a full listing of the events, see here.
See here for a record of the debates surrounding the New York Ratification Convention.
Hamilton's Lighthouses
March 31, 2013 itshamiltimeCape Hatteras, George Washington, Hamilton, John McComb, Lighthouse, National Park Service, North Carolina, United States1 Comment
As Secretary of Treasury, Hamilton worked diligently to create a network of federally funded lighthouses throughout the country. Hamilton was the first head of the Lighthouse Services.
According to the National Park Service, "on August 7, 1789, President George Washington signed the ninth act of the United States Congress which provided that the states turn over their lighthouses, including those under construction and those proposed, to the central government. In creating the U.S. Lighthouse Establishment, aids to navigation became the responsibility of the Secretary of the Treasury."
Once the law was passed, Hamilton began the task of placing each existing lighthouse under federal control. Hamilton also saw the Lighthouse Services as something properly in the domain of his Treasury Department. He "urged Congress to dispense with dues levied on passing ships, believing the move would encourage commerce and that the Treasury Department could handle the financial responsibility of navigational aids entirely on its own."
Cape Henry in Virginia was the first new lighthouse built from federal government funds through Hamilton's program. In March 1791, the Government signed a contract with John McComb to build and equip a lighthouse for $17,500. Once the structure was completed, Hamilton and Washington personally handled many of the minute details of selecting light keepers and funding repairs. Ron Chernow characterizes the process of building lighthouses as "an administrative routine that stifled the two men with maddening minutiae." The first lighthouse keeper selected by Washington, William Lewis, was a former soldier in Washington's army and was hired in October 1792.
The lighthouse below, at Cape Hatteras in North Carolina, was built on a spot that Hamilton passed as a 17-year old on his first journey from the West Indies to New York. Reportedly, the ship carrying Hamilton, the Thunderbolt, caught fire and nearly sank a few miles away from the cape. In 1794, Hamilton, who dubbed Diamond Shoals, the "Graveyard of the Atlantic," recommended establishing a lighthouse on the Hatteras Sand Banks to Congress. On July 10, 1797, Congress authorized $44,000 for constructing a lighthouse at Cape Hatteras.
During the early years of the American Republic, Hamilton's work with the Coast Guard and the Lighthouse Services both facilitated commerce and strengthened the power of the federal government.
Images of Hamilton: A New Home for Hamilton Portrait
March 15, 2013 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, Credit Suisse, George Washington, Hamilton, John Trumbull, New York, New York City, United States2 Comments
Earlier, I wrote a post about John Trumbull's images of Hamilton . Today, we got some exciting news about one of Trumbull's most iconic Hamilton portraits! Credit Suisse, the owner of the portrait, announced that it will be gifted to two institutions: Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. This split ownership arrangement will allow the painting to be seen by audiences in two very different parts of the country. Credit Suisse had put the painting on view at public institutions for short periods of time, but it decided that the painting should be permanently accessible to the public. The painting was acquired by Credit Suisse as part of its takeover of another investment bank, DLJ. The painting had been part of DLJ's corporate art collection.
CEO Brady Dougan stated: "Donating this well-known and highly regarded 1792 portrait of Alexander Hamilton by John Trumbull to both Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art and The Metropolitan Museum of Art ensures that the widest possible American and international audiences can enjoy and study this historic piece of fine art for perpetuity"
The New York Times description of the portrait's history states:
The painting's history is very much a New York story. In 1791 five New York merchants representing the Chamber of Commerce commissioned Trumbull to paint a full-length portrait of Hamilton, President Washington's secretary of the Treasury.
For Trumbull the assignment was trickier than it seemed. He and his subject were friends, and Hamilton was vocal in wishing his portrait to appear "unconnected with any incident of my political life." But the men who commissioned the painting wanted it to hang in a public building. How then could Trumbull please his clients, who said they envisioned a work stately enough to be on public view, and the sitter, who shunned anything remotely official?
Taking his inspiration from European Grand Manner portraiture, the artist posed Hamilton standing, one hand on a table that is empty except for an ink stand and papers, devoid of any political references. In the background is an archway on one side and an architectural column on the other, along with a chair with a robe causally thrown over it.
Hamilton's warm expression reflects the artist's obvious affection for his subject. Trumbull called Hamilton's fatal duel with Aaron Burr in 1804, "the unhappy event which deprived the United States of two of their most distinguished citizens."
Hamilton and Gates: Hamilton's "Valley Forge" Moment
December 21, 2012 December 22, 2012 itshamiltimeAlexander Hamilton, Continental Army, Continental Congress, Fort Mifflin, George Washington, Hamilton, Valley Forge, Washington5 Comments
The end of 1777 was both an exciting and dark time for Hamilton. As Washington's aide, Hamilton was exposed to the darker side of the Continental Congress. He also experienced the struggle of American soldiers and foreign allies against a bitter winter with limited supplies. Hamilton found this period, when the American victory was far from certain and when factions within Congress and the Continental Army were turning against General Washington, to be extremely frustrating. However, the lessons he learned in this time shaped his political philosophy and his distrust of some of the institutions of the pre-Constitution government.
"Alexander Hamilton in the Uniform of the New York Artillery" by Alonzo Chappel (1828-1887)
In November 1777, a month before the planned moved to the Valley Forge encampment, Washington sent Hamilton on a sensitive diplomatic mission to General Horatio Gates. Washington wanted Hamilton to borrow a "sizable body of troops" for an attack upon British forces in New York or Philadelphia. Washington trusted Hamilton's discretion and gave his young aide a tremendous amount of power. Washington gave a letter to Hamilton to show Gates, which laid out "the absolute necessity that there is for [Gates] detaching a very considerable part of the army at present under [Gates's] command." However, Gates had no intention of cooperating with Washington. Prior to Hamilton's arrival, Gates had won a series of important battles, culminating in the September and October 1777 battles at Saratoga in which he defeated British General John Burgoyne. As Gates grew more famous, Washington suffered a series of defeats and struggled to hold major cities. Gates was entrenched as the hero of the Eastern States while Washington was being criticized for his inability to protect the North.
Nineteenth Century historian John William Wallace sets this scene:
"In short, it could not be reasonably doubted that Gates, who of necessity, was sufficiently acquainted with the great need which Washington had of reinforcements, meant to retard as much as possible the possession by him of such knowledge concerning operations as the North as would authorize a second demand by him for reinforcements for the benefit of Fort Mifflin. The matter could no longer be trifled with, and on the 30th of October 1777…Washington…send the man whose wonderful ability he early discovered and ever confided in–Alexander Hamilton, then at the age of twenty years–direct to the new-made hero of the North, with instructions, obviously of a very strong kind, and which Hamilton omitted to carry out in their full extent only from a conviction of the power and malignity of the cabal–to forward an immediate reinforcement from the northern army."
In a letter to Washington upon his arrival in Albany, Hamilton described his first encounter with Gate:
"I arrived here yesterday, at noon, and waited upon General Gates immediately, on the business of my mission ; but was sorry to find his ideas did not correspond with yours for drawing off the number of troops you directed. I used every argument in my power to convince him of the propriety of the measure ; but he was inflexible in the opinion, that two brigades, at least, of Continental troops should remain in and near this place.
…all I could effect, was to have one brigade despatched, in addition to those already marched. I found myself infinitely embarrassed, and was at a loss how to act. I felt the importance of strengthening you as much as possible ; but, on the other hand, I found insuperable inconveniences in acting diametrically opposite to the opinion of a gentleman, whose successes have raised him into the highest importance."
Given Gates's hero status in the East, Hamilton felt that any attempt he made to strong-arm Gates on Washington's behalf would result in an embarrassment for Washington because it would not be enforced. In fact, such an attempt could further weaken Washington's position as commander-in-chief.
Imagine Hamilton's frustration! Gates's refusal to supply Washington with troops at a critical moment was characterized by Wallace as a major cause in the fall of Fort Mifflin the same month.
Wallace stated:
"No reinforcements ever came in time to be of value in saving Fort Mifflin- it fell on the night of the 15th of November….The delay in the arrival of certain of the troops was owing to the imbecility of General Putnam; but there is no ground to suppose that it was his purpose to cause the fall of the fort. Had Gates wished to aid Washington there would have been little trouble in the case. But if Washington could drive Howe from Philadelphia and reduce him to where General Burgoyne was, what became of the immeasurable superiority of Gates what of the sublime wisdom which characterized Conway and his fellow-conspirators in their estimate of Washington? They all had, therefore, a specific problem to prove, and that Fort Mifflin should fall was a necessary thing to get their Q.E.D. IT did fall, as Gates intended that it should."
After Hamilton returned from his meeting with Gates, he fell violently ill and had to take bedrest for a few weeks before he joined Washington at Valley Forge for the rest of the winter. Hamilton's experience trying to push Congress to provide supplies for the hungry, weary, and cold soldiers stationed there shaped his frustration with Congress and his view that an energetic central government, rather than a confederacy of states was required to maintain stability. (More on this soon!)
I think of Hamilton's struggle with Gates as a "Valley Forge" moment, a moment of adversity and embarrassment, that ultimately made him more attuned to the political machinations around him and ultimately contributed to his political beliefs.
Hamilton's Views on Race and Slavery: An Introduction
December 3, 2012 December 3, 2012 itshamiltimeGeorge Washington, Jefferson, New York Times, Paul Finkelman, Sally Hemings, Slavery, Thomas Jefferson, United States1 Comment
Paul Finkelman recently wrote a fascinating piece in the New York Times focusing on Thomas Jefferson's views on race. Finkelman states:
Jefferson was always deeply committed to slavery, and even more deeply hostile to the welfare of blacks, slave or free. His proslavery views were shaped not only by money and status but also by his deeply racist views, which he tried to justify through pseudoscience.
There is, it is true, a compelling paradox about Jefferson: when he wrote the Declaration of Independence, announcing the "self-evident" truth that all men are "created equal," he owned some 175 slaves. Too often, scholars and readers use those facts as a crutch, to write off Jefferson's inconvenient views as products of the time and the complexities of the human condition.
But while many of his contemporaries, including George Washington, freed their slaves during and after the revolution — inspired, perhaps, by the words of the Declaration — Jefferson did not. Over the subsequent 50 years, a period of extraordinary public service, Jefferson remained the master of Monticello, and a buyer and seller of human beings.
Rather than encouraging his countrymen to liberate their slaves, he opposed both private manumission and public emancipation. Even at his death, Jefferson failed to fulfill the promise of his rhetoric: his will emancipated only five slaves, all relatives of his mistress Sally Hemings, and condemned nearly 200 others to the auction block. Even Hemings remained a slave, though her children by Jefferson went free.
Nor was Jefferson a particularly kind master. He sometimes punished slaves by selling them away from their families and friends, a retaliation that was incomprehensibly cruel even at the time. A proponent of humane criminal codes for whites, he advocated harsh, almost barbaric, punishments for slaves and free blacks. Known for expansive views of citizenship, he proposed legislation to make emancipated blacks "outlaws" in America, the land of their birth. Opposed to the idea of royal or noble blood, he proposed expelling from Virginia the children of white women and black men.
I was discussing the issue this weekend with Rand Scholet at the Alexander Hamilton Awareness Society, and it is truly remarkable how progressive Hamilton's views on race were compared to many of his contemporaries. Hamilton grew up in the West Indies and was surrounded by slavery: slaves accounted for almost 90% of the total population. He participated in the slave trade on an administrative basis as a young clerk, and developed a disgust towards the entire institution. When Hamilton was involved with the Revolution, he advocated allowing blacks to join the Continental Army, despite opposition from many of his contemporaries. Hamilton's philosophies on race were comparatively extremely progressive. I plan to write a series of blog posts highlighting Hamilton's stance on slavery and other racial issues including the incorporation of black soldiers into the Continental Army, the New York Manumission Society, and the rebellion in Haiti. For more background on this issue, see James Oliver Horton's Alexander Hamilton: Slavery and Race in a Revolutionary Generation.


And it's worth the trouble.
Sweet & Spicy Alaskan Umami Sauce is available in mild, hot and extra hot flavors.
I found out by talking to sauce creator Pamela Turner as to why there is no "Medium" level of sauce. After having launched their Mild and Hot levels, they were inundated with requests for an Extra Hot version. Not willing to re-tool the labels for the Mild and Hot… Extra Hot was launched and the middle child, Medium, was left out.
Very sticky, very sweet, very thick. Breakfast syrup sweet. Which is perfect for waffles you can make with your own frying pan, also is useful to know that the best splatter screen keeps you clean and safe when cooking another delight with your frying pan.
A nice, middle of the road sauce for dipping.
"Mild" ingredients: brown sugar, cayenne pepper sauce (cayenne peppers, vinegar, water, salt, garlic powder), vinegar, minced garlic, pure sesame oil, unsulphered molasses, granulated garlic, granulated onion, pepper, sea salt.
Heat Level: – Very mild, sweet and sticky. A nice glaze or substitute for pepper jelly. Tame.
Overall Rating: – It's pepper jelly good. Great for everyone to try.
Good for: Probably best tossed in warm/hot wings after they're done cooking. Also a great dip for pretzel sticks or poured onto breakfast sausage.
Again, our first test was on chicken tenders as a dipping sauce.
Wow. The best flavor/heat combo of the 3.
A pop of heat in the mouth and up in the nose. When you swallow it, it burns your throat, but quickly subsides.
"Hot" ingredients: Brown sugar, cayenne pepper sauce (cayenne peppers, vinegar, water, salt, garlic powder), vinegar, minced garlic, pure sesame oil, cayenne, unsulphered molasses, granulated garlic, granulated onion, pepper, sea salt.
Heat Level: – Medium heat and best flavor of the 3. Perfect.
Overall Rating: – Our favorite and most flavorful. Recommended.
Good for: Crackers with cream cheese, a wing glaze with some heat or a dip for jalapeño poppers.
First of all, it's indeed extra hot. Darkest red color of the trio. Lots of pepper flakes floating about.
Too hot for my taste as a sweet dipping sauce. Think of this as a thin pepper jelly for the adventurous.
"Extra Hot" ingredients: Brown sugar, cayenne pepper sauce (cayenne peppers, vinegar, water, salt, garlic powder), vinegar, cayenne, minced garlic, pure sesame oil, unsulphered molasses, granulated garlic, granulated onion, pepper, sea salt.
Heat Level: – Hot with far less sweetness. Hot.
Overall Rating: – Hot for hots sake. A little overkill.
Good for: Fire cracker grilled shrimp.
Pam Turner started Alaskan Umami Sauce as a wing sauce.
It really came about because of my own picky taste buds, said Turner. "I never could find a barbecue or other dipping sauce for meats that I liked very much, so I made my own." I started making this sauce for chicken wings about 20 years ago, although it has been changed quite drastically over the years to what it is now.
Facebook: Sweet & Spicy Alaskan Umami on Facebook.
Twitter: Follow @Sweet_Spicy_BBQ on Twitter.


How does a new company come into a crowded market and create awareness?
Payrailz partnered with WMA in the early fall of 2017 to help take the company out of stealth mode and to implement a traditional public relations program which includes press releases, bylines, interviews with key media, preparation of speaker proposals as well as a small social media campaign. WMA works to help define Payrailz within the larger financial industry by building a rapport with key industry reporters and editors to create meaningful articles and press coverage from releases as well as company executive interviews. WMA also strives to build, cultivate and enhance relationships with industry contacts.
The execution of the PR plan has resulted in nearly fifty media interviews, publication of thirteen bylined articles, ten press releases and/or media advisories and the submission of eight award nominations/speaker proposals. The media coverage encompasses banking, credit union, business and payments publications and reached a combined total of 1,018,985 in monthly readership of these types of trade publications. Additionally, the social media campaign helped to create a buzz around the official launch of Payrailz last year and forged the foundation of brand awareness of the company within the financial services and payments industry.


It's the total package when it comes to caring for your swimmer's skin and hair. Eliminate the smell of pool chemicals, protect your body from their damaging effects, and prevent and treat green hair tint with Swimmer's Own Shower Gel and One Step Shampoo and Conditioner.
Plus, pamper your skin and help prevent dryness and irritation with a luxuriously soft, extra-absorbent microfiber towel. Drying off never felt so good.
Makes a great gift for your favorite swimmers!


Photographer Michael Andrew's YouTube channel Michael the Maven has posted a video of flagship epic shootout review by comparing the Sony a9 ((Amazon/B&H/Adorama)), Nikon D5 (Amazon/B&H/Adorama)and Canon EOS 1D X Mark II (Amazon/B&H/Adorama) flagship cameras.
After the whole video testing, Michael Andrew said that he prefers the Sony a9 other than Canon 1D X Mark II and Nikon D5 for overall ratings.
Previous Previous post: Sony a6500 Firmware Ver. 1.04 Available !


text:
'Better send those refunds': Joe Burrow sends message about NFL's foiled neutral-site plan
Cincinnati Enquirer
Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow got a chance to be the first to react to spoiling the NFL's plan to have a potential neutral-site AFC title game in Atlanta between the Buffalo Bills and Kansas City Chiefs - which won't happen after the Bengals' 27-10 divisional-round win Sunday in Buffalo.
CBS sideline reporter Tracy Wolfson asked Burrow on the field after the game about "everyone talking about a neutral AFC Championship game, not even thinking about you guys."
Burrow's response: "Better send those (ticket) refunds."
ESPN's Adam Schefter reported last week via Twitter that more than 50,000 tickets were purchased by season-ticket holders of the Bills and Chiefs in the first 24 hours for the "if-needed, neutral-site AFC Championship game."
The Bengals' official account got in on the fun:
More social media reactions to the Bengals' win:
LOVE SPORTS? [ Subscribe now for unlimited access to Cincinnati.com ]


Ever since I was a young girl, I've had the privilege of traveling to Japan many times, thanks to my travel agent grandmother. My grandma has been going to a particular hotel in Japan for the last 50 years, and she would always say the place was like her second home and the staff members were her closest friends. I remember my first time staying at the hotel in fifth grade and how amazed I was by all the people dressed in suits bowing to us as we passed and how everyone greeted us by name with warm smiles. Since that time, I have been fortunate enough to return to the hotel several times, and I always leave with fond memories and a desire to work in a place where clients are the top priority.
To my pleasure, this past summer I was given the opportunity to intern there for two months in the Sales and Rooming Division. During my internship, I faithfully updated my personal blog with fun pictures of all the things I was experiencing and how this internship was truly a dream come true, while also mentioning some of the struggles I faced. Here's a recap of some of the highlights and lowlights of my internship.
For the first month, I was placed in the International Sales Division among a team of bright, energetic young workers. My main task was to observe sales calls and visit competitor hotels to compare facilities and services. It honestly felt like I was playing more than working because I got to see the "behind the scenes" of other prominent luxury hotels in Tokyo. In addition, because I only really had direct contact with the Sales team, I didn't worry so much about making Japanese language errors because I wasn't in front of clients. While there were certainly challenges and things I wish I could have understood better during this time, I left the International Sales Department confident and excited.
Then things got real. For the second month, I was placed at the concierge desk, where I would be directly representing the hotel brand and giving the first impression of the hotel to incoming guests. The concierge is responsible for fulfilling any special requests, giving information about the inside of the hotel and the surrounding area, making reservations, etc. Not only was I suddenly hit by so much information about the hotel and Tokyo that I needed to memorize, but I had to convey all of that information in a polite manner using my second language. To be honest, the first week was rough—I was super stressed because there were so many things I didn't understand and couldn't do because of my lack of knowledge and language skills. I remember dutifully making a script of all of the commonly asked questions and practicing my responses at home to make sure I wouldn't continue making the same mistakes over again.
I wish I could say I got all of the basics of the concierge position down after the first week, but it was an extremely stressful process, and I continued to make new mistakes the entire time. I questioned if I was really meant to work in a hotel someday and why I had even studied Japanese for so long since I continued to struggle. However, focusing only on my failures would be a complete disservice to how much I actually strengthened my skills during my two months at the hotel. I improved my Japanese listening skills, knowledge of business language, hotel mannerisms, and my overall confidence communicating with clients. I remember one day while I was working, another employee from a different department came up to me and said, "The way you bow to guests is beautiful." That compliment boosted my morale and reminded me that for every mistake, I made up for it by humbly learning so that I could improve.
Although it was short, I am so thankful for this experience because I not only got to spend it in my favorite hotel, but because I was able to reflect on my strengths and weaknesses as a person. I learned that I'm not quite as fast a learner as I previously thought I was, and sometimes I need to be told something two or three times before I can get it perfectly. I learned that I sometimes don't ask enough questions out of fear of being misunderstood. But I also learned that I am a resilient person who is able to smile even when I have zero self-esteem and just want to go home and cry. I am a good listener who is able to have a conversation with a client just for the sake of getting to know him or her and making their stay more pleasurable.
I am someone who, thanks to her grandma, was able to fulfill a dream that I never thought was possible. I hope to find a new dream to chase after in the near future.
What's your dream internship? Let us know in the comments!


In the UK there are now a number of available formulations of oral tacrolimus, which is indicated for prophylaxis of transplanted organ rejection. Different formulations are not bioequivalent or freely interchangeable without the close supervision of a Transplant Specialist.
Despite this, over recent years there has been a number of serious medication errors reported, which in some cases has led to acute rejection. The ongoing risk of medication errors through inappropriate switching between oral tacrolimus formulations is a recognised source of concern among regulators and healthcare professionals, particularly Transplant Specialists.
In 2010, the Astellas Transplant Brand Team was determined to truly protect the safety of tacrolimus transplant patients receiving repeat prescriptions in primary care, by driving branded prescribing.
In order to achieve its goals, Astellas had to overcome a series of challenges to ensure the messaging was targeted and appropriate to its primary care customers. This group could bring about the most significant change in prescribing habits, and as a consequence ensure the ongoing safety of thousands of UK transplant patients. Astellas has managed to exceed both internal and external expectations of what could be achieved in this area, through a combination of determination and customer focus.


This is an offering of a well-appointed homestay that can accommodate a group of up to eight people. There are two rooms in the house and two bathrooms. Meals are provided by the host and include authentic Malnad delicacies, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
Surrounded by a dense cover of lush trees, the house sits atop a grassy knoll dotted with pretty plants and garden shrubbery. Stone steps through the lawns lead you up to the house. The interiors are modest, with minimal design dominating the space. Both the rooms are furnished with comfortable beds and are sufficiently spacious. Colourful pictures on the walls of the rooms make the space interesting. The bathrooms are tiled and well-appointed with western sanitary ware. Featuring a raftered sloping ceiling supported on wood logs, the gazebo-style common dining area is a great space to relish meals in fresh air, with a view of the lush green surroundings for company. Porch sit-outs are ideal to savour some morning tea or coffee. Any kids accompanying you have ample space to play in sans PlayStations. There is a garden swing as well, should you wish to entertain that child in you who refuses to grow up! If you enjoy reading or fancy a restful nap in the open, the hammock is all yours—lie back, read, relax, or just be and let your thoughts flow!
Amazing experience ! Suchitra Ji's hospitality and the the way she has maintained the home-stay is worth praising. The cottage, environment,mouth-watering food of your wish , local guidance are the other added advantages which she provides. Our group stayed there for 3 days 2 nights and had a memorable experience. Highly recommended for a family or a group of old friends for a get-together away from city noise and pollution !!
very helpful host. Made some beautiful frnds and memories here.


Jason T. Murata practice focuses on patent and trade secret litigation. He has been involved in all aspects of patent infringement and trade secret litigation, from pre-suit investigation to trial and appeal.
His recent experiences include a bench trial in a patent infringement action relating to a generic once-daily gabapentin product; obtaining a judgment of noninfringement in a trial relating to a generic budesonide product; obtaining denial of motion for temporary restraining order in a patent infringement action relating to generic aripiprazole drug product (Abilify®); defending patent infringement actions relating to spinal implants, antidandruff shampoo products and margarine and spread products.


How did you do it? Here you said you found an answer but how?
If you don't want to, just say no and I'll look up someone else.
Meh, can't seem to get the soul stuff to work in my spell.
That's right let it all out.We don't need mindless post we need our own opinion.
If I do not accept your negative critique, I would not open a thread asking people opinion about the terrain.
And your critique are written in hostile way, the main reason of why I request your post to be delete and thread to be locked to avoid flame war.
If you could wrote a critique at friendly pace, I would have let your post remain and the thread open. Which naturally I failed to seen it.
Hmm, what do you think you are? A map moderator? Let me tell you some things to shed some light on your little noggin.
•Wtf? Why is the camera movement "awful"?
•F.Y.I, The terrain is awesome, Lets see you make a better one?
•Unknown? UNKNOWN?!? The atmosphere fits perfectly for a horror cinematic!
•Cinematics are meant to be watched, Not abused with "Skip triggers"
lol oni ti daly rep za tu tvoju kritiku????????


Find Pages From Our Philadelphia Nanny Agency With This Site Map!
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text:
Hub Home Profile Placements/Internships Graduate Jobs Our People Videos
Our Benefits Our Offices
Capital One Hub
Strategy Analyst Internship Programme
Love to learn?
At Capital One, we're on a mission to change banking for good. You might think of us as a credit card provider. But we're a financial services company with technology at the heart of our business.
What does belonging mean at Capital One?
Diversity is more than ethnicities, genders, disabilities… it's about recognising that everyone has a unique perspective.
We look at credit the way tech companies look at everything – thinking of better, smarter and easier ways to do things that will really change the way people live. One of the happy consequences of making finance easier for our customers is that it makes Capital One an inspiring place to launch your career.
We are committed to creating a level playing field and seek to create teams that are representative of our customers and the communities we serve. We'd love to hear from you if you identify with an under-represented group in our industry and are particularly keen to hear from women, the LGBTQ+ community and ethnic minority candidates.
Strategy Analysts at Capital One
At Capital One, we're always looking at ways to boost our business and give our customers a better experience. Join us for 10 weeks as a Strategy Analyst Intern and you'll take a bird's eye view of our business, and help us find new ways to improve every aspect of what we do. Expect to take on real projects with support from a team buddy, a programme mentor and excellent training. You'll even get to meet our CEO, Lucy Hagues.
You need to be in your penultimate year in any university degree subject with strong maths skills and a knack for solving problems creatively. You need to work well with others, but you'll also be focused on growth and development – yours and ours.
Where and how you'll work
This is an intern position based in either our Nottingham or London offices. We've adopted a flexible hybrid working model - one that creates the opportunity to work both remotely and in our offices, which provide great spaces for in-person collaboration.
Our core office days are Tuesday to Thursday, but the number of days you actually spend in the office will be led by your team, the work you're doing and your preferences. Many of our associates have flexible working patterns, so we're open to discuss flexible working arrangements with you.
Health: Live a healthy life with our private health insurance which is free for your family.
Fitness: Stay in shape with our on-site gym in Nottingham and rooftop running track in London.
Wellbeing: Work-life balance is important to us. So, we are open to flexible working to support your lifestyle.
Deadline: February 19th, 2023
Starting Salary: £25,000 per annum plus a £1,000 joining bonus and other benefits
Nottingham and London
Click to show all disciplines
Matt Greensted
Data Scientist Graduate
Ella Ross - Graduate Software Developer
Harry Smaje - Graduate Software Developer


text:
The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals
Rekha Rao-Nicholson, Zaheer Khan*, Pervaiz Akhtar, Shlomo Y. Tarba
This paper investigates the effect of human resource practices on organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Previous research suggests that human resource practices play an important role in improving organizational performance, but that there may be contingency factors that interact with human resource practices, leading to different performance outcomes. We focus on one such potential contingency factor: distributed leadership as a key moderator that interacts with human resource practices, leading to organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We examine 84 deals of emerging economies cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We found that human resource practices positively influence the acquired firms' ambidexterity, but when we take into account the contingent role of distributed leadership, the effect of human resource practices becomes much stronger, indicating the importance of distributed leadership as a key variable that can explain variations in the success of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The findings have important implications for international human resource management practices in the acquired subsidiaries and for individual leadership styles adopted by parent firms during the post-acquisitions period.
International Journal of Human Resource Management
organizational ambidexterity
SHARED LEADERSHIP
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
CHINESE FIRMS
SOCIOCULTURAL INTEGRATION
HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
10.1080/09585192.2016.1216882Licence: Unspecified
University of Kent repository
Dive into the research topics of 'The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cross-border M&As Business & Economics 100%
Distributed Leadership Business & Economics 93%
Emerging Market multinationals Business & Economics 87%
Organizational Ambidexterity Business & Economics 84%
HR Practices Business & Economics 76%
Human Resource Practices Business & Economics 70%
Mergers and acquisitions Engineering & Materials Science 68%
Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions Business & Economics 55%
Rao-Nicholson, R., Khan, Z., Akhtar, P., & Tarba, S. Y. (2020). The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(2), 232-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216882
The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals. / Rao-Nicholson, Rekha; Khan, Zaheer; Akhtar, Pervaiz et al.
In: International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 31, No. 2, 2020, p. 232-253.
Rao-Nicholson, R, Khan, Z, Akhtar, P & Tarba, SY 2020, 'The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals', International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 232-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216882
Rao-Nicholson R, Khan Z, Akhtar P, Tarba SY. The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals. International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2020;31(2):232-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216882
Rao-Nicholson, Rekha ; Khan, Zaheer ; Akhtar, Pervaiz et al. / The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals. In: International Journal of Human Resource Management. 2020 ; Vol. 31, No. 2. pp. 232-253.
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title = "The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals",
abstract = "This paper investigates the effect of human resource practices on organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Previous research suggests that human resource practices play an important role in improving organizational performance, but that there may be contingency factors that interact with human resource practices, leading to different performance outcomes. We focus on one such potential contingency factor: distributed leadership as a key moderator that interacts with human resource practices, leading to organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We examine 84 deals of emerging economies cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We found that human resource practices positively influence the acquired firms{\textquoteright} ambidexterity, but when we take into account the contingent role of distributed leadership, the effect of human resource practices becomes much stronger, indicating the importance of distributed leadership as a key variable that can explain variations in the success of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The findings have important implications for international human resource management practices in the acquired subsidiaries and for individual leadership styles adopted by parent firms during the post-acquisitions period.",
keywords = "distributed leadership, Emerging economies, HR practices, mergers and acquisitions, organizational ambidexterity, PERFORMANCE, SHARED LEADERSHIP, TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP, CHINESE FIRMS, SOCIOCULTURAL INTEGRATION, MERGERS, ACQUISITIONS, WORK SYSTEMS, HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT",
author = "Rekha Rao-Nicholson and Zaheer Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar and Tarba, {Shlomo Y.}",
journal = "International Journal of Human Resource Management",
T1 - The contingent role of distributed leadership in the relationship between HR practices and organizational ambidexterity in the cross-border M&As of emerging market multinationals
AU - Rao-Nicholson, Rekha
AU - Khan, Zaheer
AU - Akhtar, Pervaiz
AU - Tarba, Shlomo Y.
N2 - This paper investigates the effect of human resource practices on organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Previous research suggests that human resource practices play an important role in improving organizational performance, but that there may be contingency factors that interact with human resource practices, leading to different performance outcomes. We focus on one such potential contingency factor: distributed leadership as a key moderator that interacts with human resource practices, leading to organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We examine 84 deals of emerging economies cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We found that human resource practices positively influence the acquired firms' ambidexterity, but when we take into account the contingent role of distributed leadership, the effect of human resource practices becomes much stronger, indicating the importance of distributed leadership as a key variable that can explain variations in the success of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The findings have important implications for international human resource management practices in the acquired subsidiaries and for individual leadership styles adopted by parent firms during the post-acquisitions period.
AB - This paper investigates the effect of human resource practices on organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Previous research suggests that human resource practices play an important role in improving organizational performance, but that there may be contingency factors that interact with human resource practices, leading to different performance outcomes. We focus on one such potential contingency factor: distributed leadership as a key moderator that interacts with human resource practices, leading to organizational ambidexterity in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We examine 84 deals of emerging economies cross-border mergers and acquisitions. We found that human resource practices positively influence the acquired firms' ambidexterity, but when we take into account the contingent role of distributed leadership, the effect of human resource practices becomes much stronger, indicating the importance of distributed leadership as a key variable that can explain variations in the success of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. The findings have important implications for international human resource management practices in the acquired subsidiaries and for individual leadership styles adopted by parent firms during the post-acquisitions period.
KW - distributed leadership
KW - Emerging economies
KW - HR practices
KW - mergers and acquisitions
KW - organizational ambidexterity
KW - PERFORMANCE
KW - SHARED LEADERSHIP
KW - TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
KW - CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP
KW - CHINESE FIRMS
KW - SOCIOCULTURAL INTEGRATION
KW - MERGERS
KW - ACQUISITIONS
KW - WORK SYSTEMS
KW - HUMAN-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
UR - https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/56881
JO - International Journal of Human Resource Management
JF - International Journal of Human Resource Management


FROM the Borders to the Highland's, from east coast to west, there are so many spectacular sights in Scotland - making it the perfect place to be a tourist.
IF you're planning a holiday or just a day trip in Scotland, it can be quite hard to narrow your options down to just one location.
From the Borders to the Highland's, from east coast to west, there are so many spectacular sights and you'd be foolish to leave any off your list.
Would you like to relax on a beach in the Outer Hebrides? Or would you rather explore the culture and heritage of one of Scotland's fortresses?
So to help you out, we've narrowed down the hundreds of beautiful locations across the country to a handy number (35 to be exact) by picking out some of Scotland's most eye-catching and spectacular sights.
Check them out with our gallery above and then celebrate World Tourism Day.
Then take a look at these stunning pictures of Scotland below.
Visit our Discover Scotland page here .
From experiencing the atmosphere of T in the Park to climbing Ben Nevis, there's plenty of Scottish experiences that are truly breathtaking.
ENJOY the trip of a life-time and some of Scotland's unique hotspots.


The LSTTL /MSI SN54 /74LS42 is a Multipurpose Decoder designed to accept four BCD inputs and provide ten mutually exclusive outputs. The LS42 is fabricated with the Schottky barrier diode process for high speed and is completely compatible with all Motorola TTL families.
This entry was posted in Datasheet, Pinout and tagged Decoder. Bookmark the permalink.


Got it now and pay for it later.
Instalment payment is an option we offer to sort various needs, emergencies and temptations out. Now, you can have any of our designs whenever you want and pay for them little by little.
Add your preferred item (or items) to your shopping cart.
Are you sure you don't want anything else? Alright then.
Choose "Instalment payment" as your payment method and select your preferred amount.
You will now need to fill in your credit card details and make a first payment. You will be charged for the rest later on.
Oh, so do you want to shop in a physical store and pay in instalments? No problem: you can do as well. Our staff will guide you through the process.
or call us at +34 91 112 35 36. We will be pleased to help you.


At Covenant, we understand that the cost of higher education is an important consideration for you and your family. We take these concerns just as seriously as you do and go out of our way to make sure that you have access to the excellent education and preparation that Covenant promises.
There are many resources to help defray the cost of tuition. In fact, 99% of our students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships, grants, loans, and/or student employment programs.
You will find a seasoned staff of financial aid professionals waiting to personally guide you through the process and explain what is available. Covenant awarded students $13 million in financial aid last year.
You will benefit from our longstanding history of providing excellent financial aid services. U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks Covenant among the top 10 in the "Best Values" category among colleges in the South.
If you or members of your family have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact our Financial Aid Office by calling 706.419.1126 or e-mailing financialaid@covenant.edu.


NeWGS has a large amount of genealogical resources available with a collection of over 600 books and microfilm. Most items are housed at the Colville Public Library and are available to all library patrons. If you have a Stevens County library card, some of our collection may be checked out and taken home to study. Our periodical collection and some of our CDs are available at the Colville Family History Center located in the lower level of the LDS Church on Juniper Street. Our collection is also included in the online catalog for the Stevens County Rural Library District.
Currently many of our books are located downsairs in the storage area and must be requested by patrons in order to view them. We are now in the process of reviewing our collection and have found many of these books available for free online which makes them easier to search and can be downloaded for future reference. You will see a new category added to the "Phys.Location" category in our catalog to indicate this. The actual book has been removed but still remains on our list with information on how to access it online. This revamping of our collection will hopefully allow us to have all of our remaining books returned to the upstairs shelves. We will keep you posted on our progress.
In the drop list below select "Subject" or "Location" to refine your search; or select "All Listings" to see the entire collection.