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Softskin Vehicles
Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFV)
Armoured Cars
Armoured Vehicle General Purpose
Universal Carriers
Main Battle Tanks
►M1917 Light Tank
Self Propelled Guns
Flamethrowing AFVs
Vehicle Markings
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The term Armoured Car can be freely applied to a variety of vehicles performing a variety of roles on the battlefield. This page lists all the trucks, propelled by partially or fully by wheels, to which armour plate has been added. The Lynx C&R vehicle, while not an armoured car by this definition, is included here for completeness, as it was intended to perform the same role as many of the "Light Reconnaissance Cars" and "Armoured Cars" that had preceded it.
The Autocar was conceived by Major Raymond Brutinel, who introduced the concept of fighting machine guns as mobile units rather than as individual weapons. He put his concept into practice by fitting armoured plate to commercial truck chassis and mounting guns on pedestals. Two Vickers Guns could be fired to the sides of the vehicles and a Lewis Gun was mounted forward, fired by the crew commander. The crew of the 3-ton vehicle was 8 men with a top speed of 25 miles per hour. The vehicles were used by the Canadian Machine Gun Corps.
Canadian Autocar of the CMGC in Bonn, Germany, 1919. Second from right Private Harold Fowler, to his right possibly Private James Grinham, to his left possibly Private Paddon. Photo courtesy Harold Fowler's grandson, Les Fowler.
Interwar Period
During the interwar period, the concept of armoured cars didn't receive attention until 1932. While suggestions on their acquisition and use had been made as early as 1927, the first feelers toward acquisition were made when a Canadian officer in England enquired as to the cost of obtaining a vehicle. With the necessary conversion to left hand drive, the price was considered prohibitive and Major Noble Carr of the Royal Canadian Artillery investigated the possibility of producing armoured cars in Canada, with the desire to follow the British lead in mechanizing the cavalry. Money for two experimental cars was approved in 1934/35 and by the end of Apr 1935, one Ford prototype and one Chevrolet prototype had been completed. The cars were of a 6x4 configuration (ie 6 wheels but only the rear 4 were powered), with a crew of 3 and intended to mount two water cooled Vickers Guns. In 1936, after field trials, DND opted not to proceed with additional vehicles, feeling that armoured car design had not evolved sufficiently to warrant their construction. Armoured car design moved rapidly to 4x4 models. The two prototypes served in Canada, with weapons finally being added in 1937, one car serving with the Royal Canadian Dragoons and the other with Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) as well as being loaned to Militia units. By Jan 1941 both cars were in possession of the RCD and it is believed they were scrapped once the RCD left for England in May 1941.1
Drawing of the Ford model, and photo of the Royal Canadian Dragoons using the Chevrolet model during the Second World War.
During the Second World War, several types of armoured cars were brought into service, primarily for reconnaissance duties.2 There were two main types of units equipped with armoured cars - the Armoured Car Regiment and the Reconnaissance Regiment. Armoured cars and trucks saw widespread service in other roles by the end of the war, being used as command vehicles, ambulances, ammunition and troop carriers, and gun tractors.
Armoured Car Regiments
1st Armoured Car Regiment (Royal Canadian Dragoons) - served as the I Canadian Corps reconnaissance asset, and from Jul 1944 to Mar 1945 as 1st Canadian Division Reconnaissance Regiment
18th Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons) - served as the II Canadian Corps reconnaissance asset.
Reconnaissance Regiments
4th Reconnaissance Regiment (IV Princess Louise's Dragoon Guards) - served as the 1st Canadian Infantry Division reconnaissance asset.
7th Reconnaissance Regiment (17th Duke of York's Royal Canadian Hussars) - served as the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division reconnaissance asset.
8th Reconnaissance Regiment (14th Canadian Hussars) - served as the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division reconnaissance asset.
Armoured Regiments and Armoured Reconnaissance Regiments were both organized with tanks rather than armoured cars, though armoured cars were used in the intercommunication troop of regimental headquarters.
Many other units also utilized armoured cars, including infantry battalions (as headquarters vehicles), engineers, service troops, etc.
Scout Cars
By 1944, there were three main types of wheeled AFV, or Scout Car, not including the Humber I. The "Otter", built by General Motors, was officially a "light reconnaissance car" and the first models arrived overseas in 1942. The Lynx was similar to the British Daimler Dingo but was built in Canada by Ford Motor Company, featuring a rear-mounted engine and four-wheel-drive. The Ford V8 engine made it more powerful than its British counterpart, though the transmission and independent suspension of the British vehicle was superior to the Canadian Lynx. General Motors also produced the Fox armoured car on a hull patterned after the Humber, mated with a Humber turret and General Motors chassis. On 1 Dec 1943, the Canadian Army overseas had 256 Fox armoured cars, 534 Lynxes and 468 Otters.
Car, Light, Reconnaissance, Morris Mark I
The Morris Mark I was used in infantry division reconnaissance regiments in the United Kingdom, and the 1st Canadian Infantry Division used them in Sicily and Italy. The Morris LRC was built by Morris Motor Company, and had an unusual configuration in that the three-man crew sat side by side, with the driver in the middle, a Bren Gun turret on the right side, and another crewman on the left with access to both a Boys Anti-Tank Rifle and a radio. The Mark I was a 2-wheel drive machine. Armour: 8-14mm.
British Morris in North Africa. IWM Photo.
Performance Engine Details Dimensions
Max Speed: 50 miles per hour
Manufacturer: Morris
Type: petrol, 4 cylinder
Power: 72 bhp
Power to weight ratio: 22 bhp per ton
Car, Light, Reconnaissance, "Otter"
Otter I, 4x4, 101" wheelbase
Operational Role: Used by Royal Canadian Engineers field squadrons and companies, as well as Royal Canadian Army Service Corps bridging companies for short special reconnaissance missions, as well as RCASC Motor Transport companies and transport platoons for anti-aircraft protection (convoy patrol).
Equipment: Armament .303 Bren Gun on AA mounting (also used for ground fire), sub MG, 2 rifles, 4-in smoke discharger. Other equipment - No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, signal pistol. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, rations, camouflage net, spare wheel. Armour thickness - turret cone 8mm, hull front 12mm, sides 8mm, rear 10mm, roof 12mm.
A total of 877 Otter armoured cars were delivered overseas, nine of those lost in transit, the last three arriving on 26 November 1943. Production was cut when the Canadian Army (Overseas) eliminated the requirement for a light reconnaissance car. The vehicles were nonetheless utilized in First Canadian Army in a variety of roles. Having failed trials as a signals vehicle in both turreted and turretless form, the vehicle was used by some artillery units to carry Forward Observation Officers, in lieu of the armoured car called for by establishment. A major usage of the vehicle was as an anti-aircraft escort vehicle in RCASC motor transport companies, and the vehicle was issued two to a motor transport company headquarters and one to each transport platoon, and eventually RCASC bridging companies came to have them as well. While establishments for First Canadian Army called for 260 Otter vehicles (388 total including 1st Canadian Corps after their return to the Army in 1945), it appears that the actual number of vehicles on hand "was rarely more than 170."
Over 100 units remained in Canada in reconnaissance units, including the 24th Reconnaissance Battalion at Camp Borden and the 6th Division's 31st (Alberta) Reconnaissance Battalion based in British Columbia. After the war, surplus Otters went to the Dutch Army and some passed from the British Army to Jordan. By 1952, a total of 45 were still in Canadian service and a number allocated to Canadian recce units as late as 1955, until placed in the "run-down maintenance" category in November of that year, indicating that there would be no further issue of spare parts.3 The Otters were not well liked, at least not by their post-war users, and one history referred to them as "wretched" and "arguably the worst military vehicle ever produced in Canada."4
Bridge Class: 3
Max Gradability: 46%
Trench Crossing: no channels
Fording Depth: 24 inches
Angle of Approach: 47 degrees
Angle of Departure: 38 degrees
Average Fuel Consumption: 8 miles per gallon
Manufacturer: General Motors
Type: petrol, 4 cylinder, 6 cyls in line
Size: bore 3-25/32", stroke 4 inches
Power: 106 bhp at 3000 rpm
Ignition: battery, 12 volts
Capacity: 30 gallons fuel, 15 quarts water, 7 quarts oil
Power to weight ratio: 17.05 bhp per short ton
Lynx Scout Car
Lynx II, 4x4, 81" wheelbase
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments, Armoured Reconnaissance Regiments, Armoured Regiments, Reconnaissance Regiments, Armoured Division Headquarters and by Royal Canadian Signals in armoured formations. Described as a small mobile vehicle useful for short recce on regimental front, could also be used by recce troops in lieu of light tanks. Could not operate over heavy going or against anti-tank gun opposition.
Equipment: Armament: .303 Bren Gun, Rifle. Other equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, protectoscope. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, rations, camouflage net. Armour thickness: hull front 30mm, sides 12mm, rear 12mm, roof 6mm. (Engine and radiator rear mounted).
Ford Canada in Windsor, ON built two types of Lynx; the Lynx II featured a strengthened chassis and no roof. A total of 3,255 units were built.
Trench Crossing: 30" with channels
Type: petrol, 4 cylinder, 8 cyls V-8
Size: bore 3- 3/16", stroke 3-3/4"
Power: 95 bhp at 3600 rpm
Ignition: battery, 6 volts
Power to weight ratio: 22.8 bhp per short ton
Max tractive effort: 1130 lbs per ton
Daimler Scout Car
Daimler, Mark I, 4x4, 102 inch wheelbase
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments and Reconnaissance Regiments for short and long distance recce, also for special missions, such as raids, securing tactical features, getting information, etc., and for protective duties, either headquarters or convoys.
Equipment: Armament - 2-lbr gun, 7.92mm MG, .303 Bren Gun, .45 sub MG, two smoke mortars. Other equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, periscope, telescopes, interphone. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, camouflage net, rations, spare wheel. Armour thickness: turret front 16mm, hull front 14mm, sides 10mm. (Can drive backward at high speed by changeover gear and rear steering wheel. Engine and radiator rear mounted.)
Manufacturer: Daimler
Size: bore 3.35", stroke 4.72"
Capacity: 36 gallons fuel, 22 quarts water, 18 quarts oil
Humber Light Reconnaissance Car Mark I
Humber I 4x4, 91 inch wheelbase The Humber Mark I is listed in references as both a Scout Car and an Armoured Car.
In February 1942 the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division held eight armoured cars against an establishment of 60. In addition, it possessed 11 Ironsides which were rated as "Improvised AFVs". The Ironside was a conversion of the basic commercial model of the Humber Super Snipe, to meet the need for armoured cars, resulting in the Humberette, otherwise known as the Ironside but more officially as the Humber Light Reconnaissance Car Mark I.5
Average Fuel Consumption: 10 miles per gallon
Manufacturer: Humber
Power to weight ratio: 25.7 bhp per ton
In practice, Scout Cars were found to be inadequate; the Otter was scheduled for replacement, in the interim by Lynxes and eventually by a "General Utility Project" while the Fox would be replaced by the T17E1 Staghound Armoured Car.6
In Feb 1942, the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division had only 8 armoured cars of an authorized strength of 60, with 11 improvised models known as the Humber Light Reconnaissance Car, Mark I. By the beginning of 1944, US built Staghound T17E1 armoured cars were to be the main equipment of all units equipped with armoured cars except Reconnaissance Regiments who were to use the Canadian Fox and later the more suitable Daimler. The Staghound was too heavy for infantry divisions, in which all vehicles had to be within bridge classification 9. By Feb 1944 the Canadian overseas had 128 Staghounds of an authorized establishment of 149 (including command variants and control variants). White Scout Cars were used to make up the shortfall, while some additional armoured car command vehicles were received in Apr 1944.
The 18th Canadian Armoured Car Regiment (12th Manitoba Dragoons) in particular was equipped entirely with Staghounds, with formation headquarters receiving lighter armoured cars when available. Lieutenant General G.G. Simonds, the commander of II Canadian Corps, had two Staghounds for personal recce and liaison duties.
As for the Reconnaissance Regiments, Humber IV armoured cars had to be utilized due to a shortage of Daimlers. In Jul 1944 the 7th and 8th Reconnaissance Regiments began to be re-equipped with Daimlers as they became available, and in Nov 1944 the turnover was complete, though other units were still using the Humber.
In Oct 1944, 21st Army Group requested all Fox armoured cars in the UK (included about 200 belonging to the Canadian Army) be sent to North-West Europe for security duties.
The 1st Canadian Armoured Car Regiment (Royal Canadian Dragoons) used a mixture of Staghounds, halftracks and Daimlers in early 1944. As well, the US M8 Reconnaissance Car (or "Greyhound") was used in limited numbers in engineer units and in the RCD regimental headquarters.7
Car, Light, Reconnaissance, "Humber" Mark III
Humber, Mark III, 4x4, 112" wheelbase
Equipment: Armament: .303 Bren Gun on anti-aircraft mounting (also used for ground fire), sub MG, 2 rifles, 4-in smoke mortar. Other equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, signal pistol. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, rations, camouflage net, spare wheel. Armour thickness: turret cone 6mm, hull front 10mm, sides 7mm, rear 7mm, roof 7mm.
Size: bore 3.35", stroke 4.72 inches
Maximum tractive effort: 1135 lbs per ton
Humber Armoured Car
Humber, Mark IV, 4x4, 102" wheelbase
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments and Reconnaissance Regiments for short and long distance recce, also for specials missions, such as raids, securing tactical features, getting information, etc., and for protective duties, either headquarters or convoys.
Equipment: Armament: 37mm gun, 7.92mm MG, .303 Bren Gun, .45 sub MG, two 4-in smoke mortars. Other Equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, periscopes, telescope, interphone. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, camouflage net, rations, spare wheel. Armour thickness: turret front 14mm, hull front 14mm, sides 10mm. (Engine and radiator rear mounted).
Trench Crossing (with channels): 42 inches
Staghound Scout Car
Staghound, T17E1, 4x4, 120" wheelbase
The T17 Staghound was "the first real attempt to produce a vehicle as a result of war experience." From 1940, the British Tank Mission in the United States was responsible for procuring US armoured vehicles, at first by purchase, and later by Lend-Lease. The T17 was designed to suit both British and American operational requirements. In Jul 1941, both Ford and Chevrolet bid on the US Ordnance Department's specifications of a medium armoured car with all-wheel drive and a 37mm main armament in a fully rotating turret. Chevrolet's pilot project, the T17E1, passed the trial phase and 2,000 were originally ordered in Jan 1942, with Britain requesting 300. In Apr 1942, the order was increased to 1,500 vehicles. The first vehicles were produced in Oct 1942, and only 157 were complete by year's end. When the US Army cancelled its order, no longer feeling it needed an armoured car of this size (14 tons), all production went to Britain and 2,687 vehicles were produced and delivered to the British by the end of Dec 1943, when production ceased due to requirements having been filled.8
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments and Reconnaissance Regiments for short and long distance recce, also for special missions, such as raids, securing tactical features, getting information, etc., and for protective duties, either headquarters or convoys. Crew of 5.
Equipment: Armament - 37mm gun, two .30 cal MGs, .45 sub MG, 2-in smoke mortar. Other equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, periscopes, telescopes, interphone. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, camouflage net, rations. Armour thickness: turret 1-1/4", hull front 7/8", sides 3/4". (The Staghound had 2 engines, with fluid couplings to a common transfer case. Engines and radiator rear mounted.)
Staghound T17E1 of the 12th Manitoba Dragoons crosses the Seine, 28 Aug 1944.
Bridge Class: 15
Armoured Car, AA
Staghound, T17E2, 4x4 120" wheelbase
A variant of the Staghound designed especially for the British was the T17E2 (known in British service as the Staghound AA). The 37mm gun-armed turret was replaced by an open-topped Frazer-Nash power turret with twin .50 calibre Browning machine guns. A total of 1,000 had been requested, but only 789 were delivered by the time production stopped in Apr 1944.9
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments, formation headquarters, Artillery Regiments and convoys for anti-aircraft defence. Crew of 3 (driver, radio operator, gunner).
Equipment: Armament - twin .50 calibre machine guns on co-axial mounting, .45 sub MG, 2-in smoke mortar. Other equipment: No. 19 Wireless Transmitter set, periscopes, binoculars, interphone. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, camouflage net, rations. Armour thickness: turret 1-1/4", hull front 7/8", sides 3/4". (The Staghound had 2 engines, with fluid couplings to a common transfer case. Engines and radiator rear mounted.)
Staghound Command Car
Operational Role: Used by Royal Canadian Corps of Signals in Armoured Division, Infantry Division, Corps headquarters, as well as in Armoured Division headquarters and Armoured Car Regiment (rear link). Equipped with two wireless sets - one forward link and one rear (or flank) link. Identical otherwise to the standard Staghound, with the additional exception that the 37mm gun is a fake.
Equipment: Armament - Two .30 cal MGs, .45 sub MG, 2-in smoke mortar. Main equipment: One No. 19 Wireless Set and one No. 19 set amplifier, generator, intercom. Other equipment: periscope, telescope, interphone. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, etc. Armour thickness: turret 1-1/4", hull front 7/8", sides 3/4". (The Staghound had 2 engines, with fluid couplings to a common transfer case. Engines and radiator rear mounted.)
Staghound Control Car
Operational Role: Used by Armoured Car Regiments as mobile armoured wireless vehicle for directing operations from advance headquarters and provided link to rear or flank. Crew of 4 (driver, gunner, loader, Wireless Transmitter operator).
Equipment: Armament - 37mm gun, two .30 cal MGs, .45 sub MG, 2-in smoke mortar. Other equipment: Two No. 19 Wireless Transmitter sets, intercom, batteries. Carries tools, spare gun parts, POW containers, camouflage net, rations. Armour thickness: turret 1-1/4", hull front 7/8", sides 3/4". (The Staghound had 2 engines, with fluid couplings to a common transfer case. Engines and radiator rear mounted.)
All other characteristics as for Staghound Armoured Car.
Armoured Trucks
Armoured Command Vehicle, High Power and Low Power
Matador, 4x4, 151" wheelbase
Armoured Command Vehicle, High Power
Operational Role: Used by Royal Canadian Corps of Signals at Armoured Division headquarters as High Power wireless control terminal for communication between main and rear corps, and between main and rear division. Also served as an office for members of the division staff. High Power equipment provided longer rangers than the Low Power vehicle.
Equipment: Wireless - 53 transmitter, R107 receiver, No. 19 wireless set, RCA amplifier, remote control unit, generator, batteries. Armament - Bren Gun, .45 sub MG, rifles. Body has two compartments, one forward with seats, mapboard and headphones for SOs; rear for wireless operators. Armour thickness: radiator cover 10mm, body sides 12mm, rear 12mm, roof 5mm.
Armoured Command Vehicle, Low Power
Operational Role: Used by Royal Canadian Corps of Signals at Armoured Division headquarters as Low Power wireless control terminal for communication between main and rear corps, and between main and rear division. Also served as an office for members of the division staff. Low Power equipment adopted for shorter longer rangers than the High Power vehicle.
Equipment: Wireless - No. 19 wireless set, also No. 19 set with linear amplifier, generator, batteries. Armament, body and armour as for HP vehicle.
Manufacturer: Associated Equipment Co. (AEC)
Type: diesel, 4 cylinder, 6 cyls in line
Ignition: compression
Power to weight ratio: 8.65 bhp per ton
C15TA
Truck, 15cwt, Armoured, 4x4, 101" wheelbase
General Motors of Canada (in partnership with the Hamilton Bridge Company, who provided the armoured hulls) produced the C15TA Armoured Truck beginning in 1943. The vehicle was a 4x4 built on a standard 15-cwt truck chassis, designed to eventually replace US halftracks and White scout cars then currently in service (for example as vehicles for Commanding Officers of infantry battalions). The vehicle was also used as an armoured ambulance as well as an eight-seat troop transport/personnel carrier. Over 3,900 were produced, most going overseas and 3,000 of those going to the British. Canada left behind large numbers of these trucks at the end of the war rather than shipping them to Canada, and the Dutch Army used the vehicles extensively for many years after the war.
Operational Role: Primarily used as a personnel carrier in forward areas, could also be converted to a General Service or ammunition carrier, or into a 2-stretcher ambulance by covering foot wheels with plates stowed in the rear door panel. An MG could be mounted on the flat floor area.
Body Details: Open type hull with machineable bullet-proof armour covering engine hood and body. Removable superstructure and tarpaulin. Body seats six men, armoured rear and side doors. Vision ports for driver and co-driver, detachable windshields. Stowage includes rifle racks, tools, camouflage net, POW carriers, and kit bins.
Turning Circle (min): 51 ft
A note in the Mar 1944 data book mentions that later production models were to incorporate a 12 volt electrical system.
Truck, 15-cwt, Armoured
M3A1, 15-cwt, 4x3, 131 inch wheelbase
Operational Role: Primary role was an armoured personnel carrier in forward areas, but could be used as a command vehicle or ambulance if modified.
Body Details: Armour plate covered engine, hood and body. Folding shield for driver's compartment. Body seats six troops. Removable tarpaulin top. Tourelle gun mount for Browning machine gun (skate rail).
Manufacturer: Hercules (White Motor Co.)
Size: bore 4", stroke 4-1/4"
Also produced with Hercules DJXD diesel engine, 6 cyl, 4x4-1/2, 103bhp#2600 and also with similar Buda diesel.
Truck, 15-cwt, Half-Track
M14, 15-cwt, half-track, 135 inch wheelbase
Operational Role: Armoured personnel carrier in forward areas, but with modification also used as command vehicle, ambulance, ammunition carrier or General Service load carrier.
Body Details: Armour plate covered engine, hood and body. Top section side and rear armour folded down. Body seated 8 troops. Removable tarpaulin top. Partition behind driver's seat. Power driven winch had capacity of 10,000 lbs.
Manufacturer: International Harvester Co.
Size: bore 4-3/8", stroke 5 inches
Postwar
Use of the Lynx Mark II and the Staghound continued until approximately 1960 in the Canadian Army. The use of both lighter vehicles, such as Jeeps, and heavier vehicles, like the Lynx C&R vehicle shown below, phased out armoured cars.
Canadians serving as part of UNEF in Egypt in 1962 man a Ferret armoured car. Note the Bren Gun still in use. PAC Photo.
Ferret on display at The Military Museums in Calgary. Photographed 2006.
A postwar design used by the Canadian Army was the Ferret; developed in 1949 by the British to replace their wartime fleet of armoured cars. The vehicle was patterned after wartime "Dingo" Daimlers, but with a larger crew compartment and, on later Marks, a small machine gun turret. The body was all-welded steel, and the vehicle was all-wheel drive with "run-flat" tires. In addition to the single machine gun armament, six grenade launchers were also attached to the vehicle. The British produced a total of 4,409 Ferrets of all types from 1952 to 1971. In all, 37 different nations used the Ferret.10
Canada purchased 124 Ferret Mark I Scout Cars in 1954, and used them until 1981. None of the Canadian vehicles had turrets. They were used not only in Canada but also overseas, in West Germany and on Cyprus, for example. Final disposition was:
23 used as range targets
4 to museums
74 sold surplus via CADC (Crown Assets Disposal Corporation)
1 converted to a funeral vehicle
10 sold as a second batch of surplus
10 converted to monuments
1 scrapped (in 1975)
According to Colin MacGregor Stevens: "CFR 54-82596 was listed in 1959 printout as RCD but not listed in Dec 65 printout." (1981 report) Officially 99 survived, with 23 shot up as targets, 1 scrapped and 1 burned. However apparently at least two were "rescued" off the target ranges."
The Lynx reconnaissance vehicle was designed and built in the United States as a private venture, designated officially the M113-1/2 Command and Reconnaissance Vehicle (M113 C&R). Both Canada and the Netherlands used this vehicle. In Canadian service, the vehicle was known as the Lynx.
The vehicle was first designed in 1963, using M113A1 components, but with a smaller body having only four bogie wheels on each side and a rear-mounted engine. The Lynx was amphibious and was propelled in the water by its tracks. Before swimming, a trim vane had to be erected in the front and the bilge pumps started, as well as placement of covers on the air intake and exhaust. In practice, the vehicle had the ability to ford shallow streams at high speed with hatches closed.
The Canadian Forces acquired 174 vehicles from 1968, replacing the Ferret. Lynxes were issued to the reconnaissance squadron of each Regular Force Armoured Regiment; this squadron consisted of three troops, each equipped with seven Lynxes. The troop was subdivided into 3 two-vehicle patrols and a troop leader's vehicle. Militia armoured and armoured reconnaissance units equipped their recce subunits with Jeeps or similar vehicles. The vehicle was armed with a GPMG and a .50 calibre M2 heavy machine gun, with a crew of three operating the vehicle (commander, driver, observer). Armour was rolled aluminium as on the M114, with a maximum of 31.8 millimetres.
Lynxes were also used in the reconnaissance platoon of an Infantry Battalion's combat support company, usually nine in number.
In the Canadian Lynx, the crew commander's cupola was located middle-right and an observer's hatch rear-left. The commander operated the manually-traversed M26 heavy machine gun cupola from inside the vehicle, but reloaded it with the hatch open. A rear-facing observer operated the radio and manned a pintle-mounted 7.62mm machine gun.
The Canadian Lynx was withdrawn from service in 1993, and replaced by 203 Coyote eight-wheeled reconnaissance vehicles by the end of 1996.
The Lynx modified the US C&R design by moving the turret forward (replacing the radio operator's position on the American vehicle) and adding a buoyancy cell on the trim vane compensating for the shift in weight.
Freshly painted Lynx of The Royal Canadian Regiment in West Germany, 1980. Sheldon Clare Photo.
Max Speed: 71kph, 6kph swimming
Range: 523km
Suspension: Torsion bar
Manufacturer: FMC Corporation
Type: 6 cylinder GMC Detroit Diesel 6V-53
Power: 215hp (160kW)
Power to weight ratio: 25bhp per tonne
Length: 4.60m
Weight: 8.77 tonnes
From 1996-1998, 204 8-wheel "Coyote" Reconnaissance vehicles were acquired for Land Force Command. The Coyote was built by General Motors of Canada, as a licensed, 8-wheel version of the Swiss Mowag Piranha, upon which the AVGP was based.
The Coyote mounted a 25 mm M242 Bushmaster chain gun and two 7.62 mm C6 general purpose machine guns. The vehicle was designed for use in the reconnaissance role and as such had a sophisticated suite of electronic surveillance equipment including radar, video, and infrared night vision equipment. A masted variant mounted surveillance equipment on a 10 metre high telescoping mast. A remote variant of the Coyote had the surveillance suite mounted on two short tripods which soldiers could deploy remotely using a 200 metre spool of cable. A command variant was also built, without the surveillance suite.
Original Coyotes had amphibious propulsion systems which were deleted in later versions. Later Coyotes also had larger wheels. The Coyote featured armour sloped to a greater degree than that of the US Stryker, but with a consequent decrease in space inside the vehicle.
Command (51 vehicles)
Battlegroup (120 vehicles)
Brigade (32 vehicles)
Max Speed: 100kph
Gradient: max 60%
Side Slope: max 30%
Turn radius: min 15.6m
Trench crossing: 2.06m
Fording: 1m (shallow), 1.3m (deep)
Type: 275 hp Detroit Diesel 6V53T
Transmission: 5 forward gears, 1 reverse
Transfer Case: 2 speed
Alternator: 300A
Brakes: Power (air)
Electrical System: 28V, 2 x 12V automotive batteries, 6 x 12V auxiliary
Power: 4 or 8 wheel drive
Suspension: Front 4 wheels strut, independent rear 4 wheels torsion bar
Weight: 14.4t
25-mm stabilized M242 chain gun;
7.62-mm stabilized coaxial machine-gun;
7.62-mm top-turret mounted machine- gun;
76-mm smoke/fragmentation grenade launcher
Sights:
Daytime optical
Thermal Imagery (TI)
Generation III Image Intensification (II)
Surveillance System: Battlefield Surveillance Radar
Thermal Imager
Daylight camera
Winch:
Front-mounted 6,800 kg dynamic pull self-recovery winch
Lucy, Roger V. 1935 Armoured Car in Canadian Service (Service Publications, Ottawa, ON, 2005). ISBN 1894581288
Much information in this article is verbatim from the "Vehicle Data Book" published by Canadian Military Headquarters in Mar 1944. (Reprint of the Vehicle Data Book with explanatory notes by the Canadian Military Historical Society (Quad Publications Inc., Paisley, ON, 1978). No ISBN)
Lucy, Roger V. The Otter Reconnaissance Car in Canadian Service (Service Publications, Ottawa, ON, 2011). ISBN 978-1-894581-73-8
Graves, Donald E. Century of Service: The History of The South Alberta Light Horse (Robin Brass Studio Inc., Toronto, ON, 2005) ISBN 1-896941-43-5, p.380
Knight, Doug (editor) Tools of the Trade: Equipping the Canadian Army (Service Publications, Ottawa, ON, 2005). p.109
Ibid, pp.108-109
Ellis, Chris Tanks of World War 2 (Octopus Books Ltd., London, UK, 1981) ISBN 0706412885 p.52
Ibid, p.52
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (Columbia House, New York, NY, 1978) p.930
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text:
Moonbird é um filme de animação em curta-metragem estadunidense de 1959 dirigido e escrito por John Hubley e Faith Hubley. Venceu o Oscar de melhor curta-metragem de animação na edição de 1960.

Ligações externas

Curtas-metragens dos Estados Unidos
Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1959
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes premiados com o Oscar de melhor curta-metragem de animação

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sun0001 . 1Xextryn1. LovelyLondon. Nashlysex.
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Cape Kiwanda RV Resort & Market Place is a big rig friendly RV park located on 33305 Cape Kiwanda Drive in Pacific City, OR. The site includes WiFi, showers, electricity, laundry facilities. You can also do activities such as Surfing, basketball, biking, and scenic drives.


Elisa Kreisinger is a Brooklyn-based video artist. Her latest work includes remixing Mad Men into feminists and The Real Housewives into lesbians. Elisa's 2012 US Copyright Office testimony helped win crucial exemptions to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, decriminalizing DVD ripping for artistic statements. She is a contributor to the forthcoming books The Book of Jezebel and The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies both due out this year.


Gretchen Elsner's limited edition, unduplicated, hand-made books, with typed text, include The Banana Slug Story and With A Lasting Will.
In beginning to compose my thoughts here I am reminded vividly of sitting on the banks of a stream at three years old and watching water in rapture; of trying to draw it, or sculpt it, to some how show through me the endless flow.
First and foremost I respect myself as a medium and tool, in my efforts with the materials and forces that I work with. We tend to pick up a tool and use it for just what we need, not necessarily what some other mind intended for it. By bringing all part of myself into activity, beyond the paradox of capability, I am always learning to enjoy by being constantly adaptable, imaginative, intuitive, and fluidly skillful.
I find this especially in my work as a clothing and costume designer and storyteller. Clothing is one of our most intimate languages, full of memory and living personality. As I design, draft patterns, and create garments, costumes, quilts, dolls, puppets, and whole environments with textiles I encounter again and again an ineffable and yet tactile experience I believe we all share in, the affects of the invisible manifesting in our world as art. I revel in the mechanical engineering of my pop-up books, the way shapes, forms and energies interact beside them selves. When I step away of myself to perform in costume with my book works it is a time when I can show others the evidence of things not seen, the investigation of relationships of causes and effects, and the paying of attention to details.
As a researcher in wearable technologies and conductive textiles I am fascinated with the awesome force of electricity, in the ways that it is mathematically described. The way that electricity behaves bespeaks all the other forces we know and endeavor to understand. It has taken time and effort for me to cotton onto the fact that the language of the sciences is being spoken all the time, it is very real, precise, applicable, and passionate, I just didn't know it! As I expand my understanding of the sciences my experience of the arts becomes ever so much more empowering and fulfilling.
As a self-taught, self-employed artist I have learned to labor and discipline myself, to be resourceful, and to thrive on self sufficiency. But in turn I have felt how ponderous and one-sided the learning of the self-taught can be, and that when joining with others in practice all efforts take on a much more cheerful lightness. I am grateful to my clients, colleagues, students, teachers, audiences, collaborators, friends and my family. I am inspired as I learn the power of praise, how to exhort others in their work, and to find a creative ways to work together.
The expressions of our cultures are imperative in all our lives, and I regret that there is doubt in society at large of this fact, and I regret that I have doubted my own importance as a creative producer. Out of such regrets I have come to believe there is innate knowing we need to survive, just as a bird must know to fly to the seasonal lands; and for people some of this information we store outside of ourselves in the forms of our art works, writings, and artifacts. The self propulsion required to be an artist must be feed such enduring, powerful and innate food as the truth to, "Believe in yourself! Trust your instincts, and enjoy!" A positive attitude is imperative for the satisfaction of a creative life.


text:
IPS: East Timor: Solidarity Activists Press for Justice
East Timor: Solidarity Activists Press for Justice
by Matt Crook
DILI (IPS) - After three years behind bars as a political prisoner in
Indonesia, British human rights campaigner Carmel Budiardjo saw
firsthand the viciousness of former President Suharto's military
dictatorship. Expelled from the country in 1971, Budiardjo knew there
would be suffering when the Indonesian military invaded East Timor in 1975.
In this capital for an international solidarity conference being held
Aug. 27-29, Budiardjo told IPS that justice must be served for crimes
committed during the Indonesian military?s savage 24-year occupation
that cost up to 200,000 East Timorese lives.
"Justice is really a question of accountability," said Budiardjo, who
founded TAPOL (which means political prisoner in Indonesian), or the
Indonesian Human Rights Campaign, in 1973 with a group of activists
in London to campaign for the release of political prisoners in Indonesia.
"When my organization began to campaign very hard about East Timor,
this became (our focus) along with the political prisoners, to alert
people about the situation," she added.
Budiardjo's late husband, an Indonesian, spent 12 years in prison
without trial. At 84, Budiardjo's hearing may have diminished over
time, but she is still as sharp as a tack.
"I was very acutely aware of the capacity of the military for
brutality," she said.
On Aug. 30, 1999, the people of East Timor voted almost 80 percent in
favour of independence, but rather than leaving quietly, the
Indonesian military left its mark by destroying much of the nation?s
infrastructure and killing about 1,400 people.
After a transitional period overseen by the United Nations (UN), East
Timor became independent on May 20, 2002.
Last year, East Timor relied on Indonesia for 42 percent of all its
imports. The close ties between the two nations have been getting in
the way of justice.
"If you want to make people accountable, they will certainly be
Indonesians, the Indonesian military, (but) there are some people in
the East Timorese government who don?t want to upset the
Indonesians," she said. "The grassroots people don?t agree with that."
"One of the important things is to make sure the Indonesian people
know what happened in East Timor. We from outside can make complaints
about the Indonesian government, but it?s much more important if the
Indonesian people, civil society in Indonesia, understand what
happened," she added.
American John M Miller, national coordinator of the East Timor and
Indonesia Action Network, a non-profit organisation promoting human
rights, also made the trip to Dili to join solidarity activists from
17 countries.
"In many ways, the campaign for justice has proven more difficult
than the campaign for self-determination and independence," he said.
"To succeed in that, we again need to have that partnership between
the people of East Timor and the international solidarity movement."
There has been little in the way of justice for the people of East
Timor. Most of those responsible for human rights violations during
the Indonesian military?s occupation have got off scot-free, despite
the UN?s Serious Crimes Unit indicting 391 people.
The unit investigated the crimes committed in the wake of violence
that marred East Timor?s 1999 independence vote.
Eighty-seven of those people were brought to trial in East Timor,
resulting in 84 convictions, although only one remains in prison
after President Jose Ramos-Horta used his presidential power to cut
many of the sentences and grant clemency.
National Union Party leader Fernanda Borges, whose push for an
international tribunal is opposed by Ramos-Horta, thinks enough is enough.
"These are international crimes that we should prosecute due to our
international obligations and our need to end impunity in this
country," she said in a recent speech.
Amnesty International has weighed in on the debate with a report
titled, "We Cry for Justice: Impunity Persists 10 Years on in
Timor-Leste," calling for the UN to set up an international tribunal.
According to the report, released Thursday, people in East Timor told
the human rights group that the government's favouring of
reconciliation over justice was "very difficult to comprehend and
demoralizing for victims".
The Indonesian government immediately hit back, saying it will not
prosecute alleged perpetrators of human rights abuses in East Timor,
the Jakarta Post English daily reported.
On Apr. 17, victims and families gathered at late independence leader
Manuel Carrascalao?s house, where 10 years earlier, an Indonesian
militia group murdered 12 people. Some 150 individuals had sought
refuge at the house after fleeing violence in East Timor's districts.
This year, those victims and families called for an international
tribunal, as well as for perpetrators of crimes against humanity to
be held accountable for what they did.
These concerns and more are the hot topics at this week?s solidarity
East Timorese solidarity activist Lita Sarmento said, "We see that it
is relevant to conduct this conference because 10 years after the
referendum, we recognize that there are issues we need to take
forward after independence as part of the unfinished struggle of the
solidarity movement of the past."
Speaking on the opening panel of the solidarity conference, Irishman
Tom Hyland, an East Timor activist, closed his speech by saying, "We
have a saying in Ireland: justice delayed is justice denied."
Posted by John at 11:55 AM No comments:
Conference reaffirms importance of solidarity with Timor-Leste
Klibur Solidaridade Timor-Leste/ Timor-Leste Solidarity Group
Xisto dos Santos lanarra.del@gmail.com +670-726-6564
Charles Scheiner charlie@laohamutuk.org +670-734-0965
Manuela Leong Pereira, +670-723-7267
29 August 2009 - On the 10th anniversary of Timor-Leste's historic vote for independence, activists from five continents came together to reaffirm their solidarity with the newly independent country. Meeting in Dili, more than 200 people from solidarity groups in 18 countries discussed the continuing need for justice and accountability. In addition to ending impunity for those who committed crimes against humanity and other human rights violations during Indonesia's illegal occupation, participants developed proposals to address current issues, including economic justice, gender justice and West Papua.
Participants in the three-day conference, "Strengthening Solidarity: The Struggle for Justice Continues," ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. They warmly welcomed long-time supporters of Timor such as Carmel Budiardjo of TAPOL in England and James Dunn, a former Australian diplomat sent to Portuguese Timor 48 years ago. Many young Timorese enthusiastically participated, exchanging ideas with veteran activists from Timor-Leste and abroad.
Attendees both from inside and outside Timor had worked for self-determination for the occupied country. They campaigned together for a decade or more to end the quarter-century of Indonesian occupation and to enable the Timorese to determine their political destiny, which they voted for overwhelmingly on August 30, 1999. Both Timorese and international participants reaffirmed their support for Timor-Leste's development as a new nation based on economic, legal and social justice.
Three Timorese leaders who worked with solidarity activists in exile and later rose to high government positions addressed the conference. President José Ramos-Horta graciously opened the conference, telling stories of his long association with some of the long-time activists present. Mari Alkatiri, Secretary-General of FRETILIN and former Prime Minister, said that "if we don't continue to talk about justice, we shouldn't have thought we could rule ourselves." Agio Pereira, Secretary of State for the Council of Ministers, closed the conference.
Participants enthusiastically endorsed self-determination for West Papua and Western Sahara and ending military rule in Burma and human rights violations in Sri Lanka. They also clearly linked the struggle for justice for Timor-Leste with that for democracy and human rights in Indonesia. Participants felt strongly that others should benefit from the international solidarity extended to Timor-Leste over the decades.
Solidarity activists from Indonesia and Ireland, and two Timorese women, one who worked with the solidarity movement from inside the country and another from Australia, shared their experiences and analysis of their activist campaigns that led up to the referendum. People involved in unfinished human rights and self-determination struggles for Burma, Sri Lanka, Western Sahara and West Papua urged participants to extend their solidarity. Speakers on the second day detailed the consequences of impunity, as well as obstacles to and mechanisms for achieving justice for crimes committed during the brutal Indonesian occupation of Timor-Leste.
Workshops then discussed future solidarity actions on several topics. The justice group reaffirmed the need to end the culture of impunity through the creation of an international tribunal and urged more coordination of international and local campaigns for justice. They called for greater dissemination of Chega!, the report of the Timor-Leste truth and reconciliation commission (CAVR). The group on economic justice called for people-centered development that benefits all Timorese citizens, as well as greater transparency and accountability from government. The gender justice workshop called for improving the judicial system to better support victims of conflicts over the years. The People-to-people/religious solidarity group encouraged religious denominations to get more involved in working for justice and accountability and to provide more information about human rights issues. The Solidarity with West Papua group strongly supported self-determination for the Indonesian-controlled territory.
The conference urged the government of Timor-Leste, the international community and the UN to take principled action against impunity, and demanded an international tribunal for Timor-Leste, saying there cannot be impunity for crimes from 1975-1999. The conference urged attention to the victims of sexual violence from the Japanese occupation as well (1942-1945).
The conference called on Timor-Leste's National Parliament to debate the CAVR and the joint Commission on Truth and Friendship (CTF) recommendations. We urge the Timor-Leste government to implement the CAVR recommendations. Governments of other nations must also implement the CAVR recommendations that are addressed to them. The Timorese government and parliament must attend to the victims of the occupation and intra-Timorese violence, and the UN must establish the solidarity fund to support victims of the occupation. The conference urged cooperation in resolving the cases of stolen children, and investigation into the question of people disappeared. The problem of the East Timorese "refugees" in Indonesia must also not be forgotten; their living condition is growing from bad to worse.
Attendees plan to amplify the voices of the victims of war, violence and occupation and push responsible governments to improve the living conditions of victims. We need to improve data collection on victims (including victims of sexual violence); NGOs need to consolidate the data they have collected (on present and past victims), and use that data to end the cycle of violence.
The conference demanded an end to impunity for the perpetrators of the killings of Papuan political leaders and human rights activists, including Arnold Ap, Opinus Tabuni, Theys Eluay and his driver Aristoteles Masoka,. The participants urged a peaceful dialogue between the government of Indonesia and representatives of the people of Papua. They urged the government of Indonesia to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of "Special Autonomy" in West Papua and open its results to public. The conference urged international agencies and governments who support "Special Autonomy" to evaluate and review that support. They also demanded the release of all West Papuan political prisoners wherever they are, including those detained by Indonesian Regional Police of West Papua in Jayapura.
The conference condemned the recent attack by Morocco on Sarawi activists and human rights defenders in Tan Tan, Morocco. The participants extended their solidarity for the implementation of the peace agreement in Aceh, and for the peaceful resolution of the conflict in Mindanao.
Participants came from Aotearoa (New Zealand), Australia, Canada, England, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, the United States, West Papua and Zimbabwe.
Funding was provided by CAFOD, Catholic Relief Services, Caritas Australia, Caritas Aotearoa (New Zealand), Development and Peace, HIVOS, Progressio, and Trocaire.
The conference is part of a series of activities including an exhibition illustrating global solidarity activities over the years now open at Fundação Oriente, Dili, through 5 September. Visiting activists from overseas and Timorese students visited rural communities in Maubisse and Ermera to expand their understanding of people's daily lives and how they are cooperating for mutual benefit.
Sekretariadu: Oficina Asosiasaun HAK, Farol, Dili, Timor-Leste
Telp. +670-331-3323, email: timorsolidarity@gmail.com, www.laohamutuk.org/solidarity
etanetanetanetanetanetanetanetanetanetanetanetan
ETAN looks forward to your support. Go to http://etan.org/etan/donate.htm to donate. Thank you.
John M. Miller, National Coordinator
East Timor & Indonesia Action Network (ETAN)
PO Box 21873, Brooklyn, NY 11202-1873 USA
PHONE IN DILI (until Sept 9: +670-746-7636)
Phone: (718)596-7668 Mobile phone: (917)690-4391
Email john@etan.org Skype: john.m.miller
Web site: http://www.etan.org
Twitter: http://twitter.com/etan009
Facebook: http://apps.facebook.com/causes/134122?recruiter_id=10193810
Send a blank e-mail message to info@etan.org to find out
how to learn more about East Timor on the Internet
Winners: John Rumbiak Human Rights Defender Award for 2009
Labels: accountability, human rights, justice, Timor-Leste, UN
More Interesting Reading
From Lao Hamutuk The tenth anniversary of the 1999 referendum that ended 24 years of brutal, illegal Indonesian military occupation of Timor-Leste is an opportunity to assess where the country is now, reflecting on the past and looking to the future. La'o Hamutuk has written several background papers which assess progress over the last decade, look at the current situation, and suggest what still needs to be done.
How much money have international donors spent on and in Timor-Leste?
Justice for Timor-Leste Remains an Unfulfilled International Obligation
Timor Sea Maritime Boundary: Still not settled!
Democracy in Timor-Leste: Information is required
Labels: accountability, human rights, international aid, justice, Timor-Leste, UN
Some interesting reading
Amnesty International: We Cry for Justice - Impunity persists ten years on in Timor-Leste
Global Voices: East Timor: Celebrating Global Solidarity for Freedom
Victims of East Timor atrocities still await justice
Film puts spotlight on failure by James Dunn
Posted by John at 10:35 PM No comments:
Labels: 1999, accountability, Balibo, ETAN, human rights, justice
IPS: East Timor: Solidarity Activists Press for Ju...
Conference reaffirms importance of solidarity with...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Height as a Haven
February 15, 2022 February 15, 2022 by Anonymous
TW: Sexual Assault and Bulimia
I have a complicated relationship with height. Growing up, my father's side of the family towered over me. My grandfather and grandmother topped out at 6-foot-4 and 6-foot respectively. They passed their genes onto my father, who continuously perplexed my classmates. One day, in kindergarten, I remember my classmate Peter's widened eyes and slacked jaw as he watched my father enter the building.
"Wow! Your dad is so tall." He looked at me in awe.
"He's 6-foot-3," I replied, somewhat in wonder myself. He did not seem that tall to me, but Peter was the tallest kid in my class. And if the tallest kid in my class thought my dad was tall, he must have been a borderline giant.
I have always associated tallness with safety. After a scary dream, my dad would wrap his long arms around me and bury me in his chest. After our yearly apple picking trip, while making applesauce from scratch, my grandma could gracefully reach around behind me to grab the cinnamon. Afterward, while the applesauce cooled, I would steal my grandpa's chair and drown within its cushions—only for him to give a disapproving nod and sit in the smaller chair next to me.
I never came close to my family's height, somewhat due to a cruel trick of genes and a separate health issue. Although, in hindsight, maybe that was for the best.
The man who assaulted me made even my own family feel small. Due to Tufts' lack of extraordinarily tall men, I will not share his actual height, but envision him taller than 6-foot-5. Like many men who defy the laws of nature, his height seemed entwined with his personality. Initially, it drew me to him and reminded me of home. His hugs grounded me when everything felt foreign freshman year, and tipping my chin up to make eye contact felt familiar. However, as our relationship progressed, he could not settle for just friendship.
Come sophomore year, his demeanor changed. His desire for more became unavoidable and he only wanted to see me after I had something to drink. Desperate to salvage what I failed to realize as an already failed relationship, I obliged. But I still tried to maintain some semblance of a boundary.
I told him "No."
I told him to leave, that I wanted to go to sleep. Instead, he waited. He watched me get ready for bed and then crawled into the space between me and the wall. Then he started to undress. His presence, his height, smothered me. For what felt like an eternity—while simultaneously an instant—my life plummeted into darkness. My entire body powered down, and I felt frozen while my brain just clicked off. So much for the fight, in flight or fight.
I cried myself to sleep for weeks. Overwhelmed by my own pain, my disordered eating habits, which I had kept a precarious lid on for most of my childhood, began to boil over. I hyper-fixated my newfound disgust for my body on my outward appearance and, less than two weeks later, plunged into the dark hole of bulimia.
Sure, I wanted to become skinnier, but, on a more twisted level, I just wanted to hurt myself. Wasn't I to blame for what happened to me? Did I lead him on? Technically, we kissed before I said no. I was drunk and stupid. I should have known better. I should have fought. I mean, come on, I could have done something other than shut down. Anything.
One night, after forcing myself to puke until my head became dizzy, I passed out on the floor of my dorm bathroom. Waking up an unknown amount of time later in a fog on the cold, but surprisingly not sticky, tile floor, I felt completely and utterly alone.
Roughly a month after my assault, I began therapy for bulimia. I still felt too much shame to share the root cause of my issues with my parents. Right as the clock struck the hour mark—signifying the end of our first therapy session—I unloaded everything I had held in. Mostly because I needed someone to know.
We talked for another hour about my assault. In a calming but vehement way, she helped me recognize that the blame fell solely on him and shut down every feeble attempt to blame myself. Slowly, she picked apart the tornado of emotions that had ripped apart my ability to think logically and validated my agony. For the first time in a long time, I felt heard. I felt safe again.
Slowly, I relearned how to love myself. Movie nights by myself, one-on-one time with the people who mattered most, and finding dumb reasons to laugh helped. Taking therapy seriously, learning intuitive eating, and gradually forgiving myself for my own self-hate helped more. Setbacks riddled my recovery, but eventually I graduated from seeing my therapist twice a week to once a week. My friends also gave me strength and indulged me in my daydreams of pounding his head in with a baseball bat. Not that I actually would, but everyone loves a good revenge fantasy.
The COVID-19 pandemic helped in its own way. I did not have to see him. As restrictions loosened and I started to bump into him around campus, it took a toll. My paranoia came back and I found myself always on edge. Deciding whether to avoid him became a split-second decision based on my own emotions that day. I had to reframe avoiding him as self-care instead of viewing myself as weak—like I initially did when I shut down that night.
In addition, and this took over a year to admit to myself, a part of me still mourned the friendship I lost that day.
Our movie nights, time spent mindlessly in the common room, and staircase chats played on replay in the back of my mind whenever I tried to convince myself he was the bad guy. I was not assaulted by a stranger, but by someone I thought I could trust with my life. Once, he even told me he would protect me from gross men. Too bad he failed to consider himself.
But even his own failings prevented me from completely despising him. While hating him in the direct aftermath of my assault felt right, with time, allowing myself to view him as an imperfect but not wholly horrible human helped more.
Sometimes I still wonder if he carries the fallout from that night like I do. I never reported him. Watching Tufts' OEO system fail others discouraged me. I remember freshman year, a girl warned me not to use the service—it would just retraumatize and alienate me.
Two years have passed since the incident. Most days go by just fine. I sit in a somewhat imperfect, but improving, version of eating disorder recovery. Seeing him on campus has turned from a burning desire to flee to a dull desire to flip him off.
One thing that still sticks with me is his height. If I see a tall person in my peripheral vision, I wince. People who tower over me intimidate me in a way I never felt before. On bad days, seeing someone tall on the street out of the corner of my eye suffocates me. On good days, it reminds me of a time I'd rather wish to forget.
I wish I could say I found a lesson in all of this—that this horrible situation had some twisted message buried below. Some people have told me this experience made me stronger, but I was strong before that night. In fact, the assault made me feel absolutely petrified. But I eventually realized I could either wither away into self hatred or make the choice every day to keep going.
However, saved in a file on my computer sits a copy of all the texts from him admitting to assaulting me, begging me for forgiveness, then suggesting I delete his messages. I never look at it, but on days when I want to shift the blame back on myself, that little blue folder reminds me of the truth of what I have overcome.
I will probably carry this knee-jerk fear of tall men with me forever, a constant reminder of that night. Yet, I find safety in my family. My physics teacher used to always talk about how "an exception proves the rule." I guess my family is mine. Even as I have grown to associate height with danger, they still remind me to take a deep breath and take that next step forward.
P.S. Please do not use this piece to question the extraordinarily tall men in your life. If I wanted people to know, I would have said his name. If this piece really caused you to wonder if your friend assaulted me, then you might want to reevaluate that friendship anyways.
Ruins to Redemption: From the Beginning
By Sabah Lokhandwala
By Julia Steiner
By the Tufts Observer Editorial Staff
By Ruby Goodman, Reporting contributions by Edith Philip
By Melanie Litwin
By Anthony Davis-Pait
By Tobias Fu
By Jonathan Ramirez
By Liani Astacio
By the Pan-Afrikan Alliance
My Elmwood Road


Save the Date! Because the summer doesn't start in Northeast Philly until the Felt Festival arrives ✨ • Stay tuned for more! . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
هدية مع هذا العدد من "كل الأسرة" كتالوج عروس 2019 نصائح اناقة وجمال لكل عروس في ليلة العمر احصلي على نسختك المجانية . .
Work in progress. ❤😊 . . .
My son and I on Easter!
" The best thing to hold onto in life is each other " . . .
CAPSULE BRIDAL DRESS ELIHAV SASSON.
¿Queréis saber qué flor deberíais elegir según cuando sea vuestra boda? 👉🏽 Descúbrelo en el link de la bio 💫 Firmado Miss Gilded https://sayoui.es/miss-gilded-editorial/elige-las-flores-para-tu-boda-segun-el-mes-en-el-que-te-cases/ https://sayoui.es/miss-gilded-editorial/elige-las-flores-para-tu-boda-segun-el-mes-en-el-que-cases/ 📸 Imagen vía @diasdevinoyrosas . . . . .
Spring & Summer coral setup using Vintage floral lace and cream table decor. Prettytable🍽🥂💕 .
הסטודיו הכי מגניב בעיר.. והוא שלנו! 🤩 יאלה בואו לדרינק 🍾 חליפת ׳summertime' ❤ . . הדגמים ניתנים להתאמה אישית- ליווי חם ואישי לאורך התהליך- לתיאום פגישת ייעוץ התקשרי או שלחי הודעה - ו0545480331 . PH @liorska H&M @st_biton Model @shaili_harniv . .
Wedding Ring Paddle Board. Perfect for a page boy or flower girl to carry on your special day. The paddle has ribbon or string to tie the rings to the board. (It ties at the back). The image on this sample one was taken from the wedding invitation of my parents who were married in 2001.
So excited we were part of this well planned proposal by Manroop for the beautiful Rav. She said Yeeeeesssss !!! 😍 💕💕💕💕💕 . . ------------------------------------------------------------ 📷 BlueK Photography Booking for 2019-2020 weddings ------------------------------------------------------------ . . .
Next Sunday, April 28th! Wedding Street Market is not your typical wedding expo! Pre-loved, handmade and unique items set to make your dreams come true on your special day.
For all the females out there looking for guest outfits, or even chic and easy bridesmaid dresses - take a look at @faithfullthebrand - featured is the Hana Wrap Dress - perfect for a sunny/destination wedding ☀ 😎 👗 Model @emelinaah . . .
אפשר לחלום ! ואפשר להגשים ! חליפת ׳summertime' שלנו טופ וחצאית קלוש מלא מבד תחרה וינטג׳י סופר מגניב, חרוזים עדינים ושרוול נפול למראה הפייתי 🧚🏼♂ מאוהבות❤ . הדגמים ניתנים להתאמה אישית- ליווי חם ואישי לאורך התהליך- לתיאום פגישת ייעוץ התקשרי או שלחי הודעה - ו0545480331 . PH @liorska H&M @st_biton Model @shaili_harniv . .
Get into this beautiful eyeshadow look out owner @shaenicole created using @viseart cool matte 2 palette and bridal satin palette.
✨ Just had to share this beautiful image from @hannahcochranphotography from our styled shoot workshop last Fall @elmbankevents and this stunning @sarehnouri gown. .. .. ✨ see link in bio for updated workshop ✨ .. ..
Patiently waiting for my next shoot❤ if you would like to work together DM me! Always looking for the next fun project!
I had to help out with a bridal shoot in February and l really contemplated if l should post this fairy tale image of me in a wedding dress. I know many of my crazy friends wanted to see me this way, well here you have it. Enjoy. It's on my IG now forever. FYI Not wearing this for the real deal though. . Even though it was just for the photoshoot, it was such a intense preparation for just a photoshoot alone. I would not be happy to organize all that for a ceremonial party. Then I shot a wedding last week and knew for sure not to go through a major wedding to celebrate being together forever. They had the best time and everyone was happy but geeeeez the stress levels were high at short times and I'm really not sure if you can relax and breath in the "happy" moments on a day like that. They were just jumping around from 1 quick traditional wedding thing to another quick traditional thing. They woke up at 5am and were exhausted at noon, and still had to get married at 1pm. Not for me. I'd rather spend my time and money on a long honeymoon with friends. . ORGANIZATION: Love is in the air @lakeshoreinlove. CONCEPT: Summer in Ireland. MODELS: Bride: @itsjoeyjoelle, Groom @official_eliasoseni, Bridesmaid @maddievclark, 2nd Bride @carriebeels. PHOTOGRAPHER: @monroestreetphotography. CALLIGRAPHY: @theletterjcreates. MUA: @makeupbyjenniferk, @rubyreddmua. HAIR STYLIST: @artistryhairbyjess. CAKE: @ruffles_fortheloveofcake. FASHION STYLIST: Wedding Dress: @edith_elan, @forget.me.knot.rentals, @bridesmaidssocial. LINEN: @bbjlinen. FURNITURE: @tablescapechgo. JEWELRY: @brynmawrjewelry. FLORAL: @apocketofposies. CANDY: @spencerssugarshop. LOCATION: @gallery1500. AGENCY: @sce.agency Amsterdam. .
Check out @finefabrics.inc in SUHAAG Magazine 🤩 Available at your local @chaptersindigo ✨ . . . . .
Flash sale at Little White Dress Bridal Shop this Sunday, April 28th!
Stem detail ~ now taking orders for June and July 2019. Use SHUMSS if you are placing an order via Etsy to get 10% off ! My Etsy store link is in the bio .
Too expensive ? Ask us for our budget range ; just because the bouquet is smaller it doesn't mean it cannot look good ☺ now taking orders for June and July 2019. Use SHUMSS if you are placing an order via Etsy to get 10% off ! My Etsy store link is in the bio .
Poppy bouquet ~ now taking orders for June and July 2019. Use SHUMSS if you are placing an order via Etsy to get 10% off ! My Etsy store link is in the bio .
🍩Letter cakes ⠀ 🍪Letter cakes with a couples initials are being used to personalise that wedding day even more, however they don't quite get the same luxe wedding-feel as a tier or layered cake does. We can expect to see more of these in 2019 before they start fizzling out again for 2020.


Rib tire for agricultural applications.
Passenger Car Performance Touring tire.
Agricultural implement and trailer tire.
Premium tire for agricultural applications.
Industrial forklift tire. Includes tire, tube and flap.


Combine lemon juice, oil, salt and pepper in 11x7-inch casserole dish. Pound chicken to 3/8-inch thickness with mallot. Place chicken in lemon mixture; turn to coat. Cover; marinate in refrigerator at least 30 minutes.
Combine parsley, cheese, chives, lemon peel and garlic in small bowl. Discard chicken marinade. Spread 1/4 cup of parsley mixture over each chicken breast, leaving an inch around edges free. Starting at narrow end, roll chicken to enclose filling; secure with toothpicks.
Sounds good am always up for Quick cooking,wiil definitely try.
Another way for chicken done right. I will try this.
I'm always ready for a new recipe to prepare on the grill and this one sounds as if it will be delicious. It really doesn't seem to hard to prepare either. The fact that it is so low in carbs is fantastic.


No one can listen to T.V. or watch their Internet screen without hearing about overactive bladder or OAB. However, and equally serious and common bladder condition is underactive bladder or lazy bladder. This condition is characterized by urinary symptoms such as hesitancy of urination, straining to urinate, and incomplete bladder emptying.
An underactive bladder is a chronic disease where the bladder holds large amounts of urine, yet the individual cannot feel when the bladder is full, nor does the bladder muscle contrct sufficiently for the bladder to empty completely.
Risk factors for under active bladder are damage to the nerves that go from the back to the bladder, diabetes, pelvic surgery which may cause injury to the bladder nerves, changes caused by aging, diabetes, urinary tract infections, medications that cause the bladder muscle to relax. Examples of these medications include anti-depressants, antihistamines, and bladder muscle relaxants, and spinal cord injuries.
Underactive bladder has no known cure. The management focuses on reduction of the residual urine or the amount of of urine left in the bladder after voiding, avoidance of over distention of the bladder, and protecting the kidneys from damage.
At the present time the treatments for underactive bladder include medications, scheduled voiding by the clock, i.e., going to the restroom every 2-3 hours whether you feel that you have to empty the bladder or not, double voiding, and intermittent catherization where a small tube is inserted through the urethra into the bladder and drain the bladder and the tube is removed and discarded. This is usually done 3-4 times a day depending upon the amount of fluids consumed.
The healthcare system is going to have a huge hiccough up in the next few years. The Affordable Care Act or Obamacare is going to pump 20-40 million new patients into the healthcare system. Many of these new patients are going to need more medical services as they have gone for so many years without insurance and without medical care. As a result your doctor is going to have less time to spend with each of his\her patients. In addition to the new patients in the healthcare system, the aging of the population and the millions baby boomers who are reaching 65 will be requiring more medical care. This is compounded by the fact that there is not going to be a proportionate increase in new physicians produced in the medical schools to care for the increase in the number of patients requiring care.
Look around you when you go to the doctor's office. Do you notice that the older doctors are retiring early? Other physicians re looking for new ways to make adjustments to increase efficiency including: conducting shared medical appointments and seeing large numbers of patients with the same medical condition or considering a similar treatment, doctors establishing concierge practices in order to spend more time with fewer patients, or delegating responsibilities to physician assistants and\or nurse practioners.
So what can you do to become a better patient and help the doctor with efficiency?
Here are a few ideas to make you a darling of your physician.
3) If you are a new patient to the practice, arrive early and complete your patient information and your health questionnaire so you are ready for the appointment at the designated time. This can also be done online and assists in making your visit more efficient.
4) Ask at the beginning of your appointment how much time will be allotted to your visit. If you have more issues and questions, offer to schedule a second appointment as this allows the doctor to remain on time for his other patients.
5. If the doctor makes recommendations or prescribes medication that has side effects that you would consider intolerable, tell the doctor so an alternate plan of action can be created.
6. Check your list of questions and see if other healthcare professionals such as the pharmacist or the nurse practioner can answer some of them.
7. Ask your doctor for educational material so you might become more knowledgeable about your condition. This will impress the doctor that you are interested in becoming a partner in your care. Also ask the doctor for any credible Internet sites that you might visit to learn more about your condition. Going to the Internet and doing your own surfing might lead you to information that is not accurate or misleading. The doctor should be able to provide you with education and Internet sites that will be helpful.
7. Finally, end every appointment with a question such as, "Is there anything else I should have asked that would help with my treatment or my health?" This clearly lets the doctor know that you are engaged and interested in your health and well-being. Also, ask the doctor if there is anything you can do to improve the efficiency of your visit. I can assure you that few other patients are this considerate of the doctor's time and you will, indeed, by a darling and special patient of the practice.
You are currently browsing the Dr. Neil Baum's Urology Blog blog archives for May, 2014.


- 7:30pm: Beginner East Coast lesson.
- 8:00pm: Social Dance - Mix of vintage jazz, contemporary swing, and big band music.
Join your friends at The Loft every Wednesday night for a great evening of awesome vintage music and dancing. Swing dancing is social dance, meaning that you don't need a partner because there's always a great variety of people to dance with. We welcome dancers of all levels and abilities.
And if you're brand new to partner dancing, come learn the basic steps and turns of East Coast Swing at our lesson. We'll have you ready to dance the night away. The Crash Course is included with dance admission.
Don't miss the Boyd Sweeney Jazz Quartet on the second Wednesday of every month.
$15 at the door (cash or card) or $12 online.
Public parking lot behind our building. Access to this parking is from Pikes Peak between 25th and 26th.


Here are five questions to test your foreign policy skills.
The correct answers will be displayed at the end.
Enter the Gateway House Quiz now!
Check back next week for the Gateway House Quiz!
1. Leadership from which MEA Division will be leading the newly formed Indo-Pacific Division?
2. Personnel from which countries witnessed the AUSINDEX exercise between India and Australia?
3. Which Country most recently awarded Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi its highest civilian award?
4. Which country offered technical know-how to help restore the Notre-Dame Cathedral?
5. Which country has established a special task force to assess 5G security risks?


Industry expected to see CAGR of 3.6% over 2016-2021, as country's agricultural sector expected to invest in boosting efficiency. Turnover of Australian agricultural machinery producers rises by 6.3% in 2016, following great performance in the domestic market and 4.9% growth in exports . Tractor segment increases by 7.5% and accounts for 50.2% of the total market, as Australian agricultural companies gain from rising grain production. Following the hike in tractor sales, Australian agricultural and forestry machinery market expands by 5.6% over 2016 .
This Euromonitor industrial report provides unique data and analysis of Agricultural and Forestry Machinery in Australia: ISIC 2921. With this industrial report, you'll be able to explore in detail the entire industry from its sources of supply to its buyers.


Before Kloppenburg, P.J., Higginbotham and Blanchard, JJ.
1 All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2013-14 version unless otherwise noted.
possession of an instrument … payable to bearer or endorsed in blank." WIS. STAT. § 401.201(2)(cm).
based on any legal theory other than holder-in-possession.
raised by the parties when one issue is dispositive.").
adjustable rate note promising to repay HLB Mortgage the principal sum of $301,500.
stipulated that the plaintiff possessed the original note.
witness to testify about the purported original note.
original note with the right to enforce it.
amount of $455,641.85. Wuensch appeals.
counsel's assertions as proof that the plaintiff possessed the original note.
supplemental letter briefs addressing this issue.
this was an issue that the plaintiff had to prove at trial. See Wis. Stat. § 401.201(2)(km)1.
Wuensch, the only other witness.
finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter;" and (3) WIS. STAT.
Wis. 2d 797, 812, 151 N.W.2d 694 (1967) (quoted source omitted).
necessary, given Wuensch's unambiguous objections at trial.
sufficient evidence to support a finding that the matter is what the proponent claims).
possession of the original note, or else the defendant in some manner forfeits the issue.
highlighted the issue for supplemental briefing.
his client and not from some other person or entity.
reversed under WIS. STAT. RULE 809.21(1).


text:
Biomedical & Life Sciences
Chemistry & Materials Science
Computer Science & Communications
Natural Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy)
By Subject (full list)
International Journal of Circuits and Electronics
Testability Analysis and its Application to Hardware Security
Sreeja Rajendran, Mary Lourde R
In recent years, VLSI testing has been gaining abundant prominence in hardware security paradigm. Testing not only ascertains correctness of circuit designs but also provides feedback to designers to improve existing designs. Hardware attacks at gate level of abstraction largely target circuit nodes with poor testability metrics. Identification of regions of a logic circuit which are poorly testable is referred to as Testability Analysis. In this paper we explore the possibilities of extending testability analysis for the detection of Hardware Trojans (HT). The effect of HT insertion on the system testability metrics is evaluated for c-17 benchmark circuit and the results are presented. This research also introduce a software tool developed to automatically generate the testability parameters namely the controllability and observability of each node in the circuit using MATLAB. The developed testability analysis software tool accept Hardware Description Language (HDL) file as input and generates the controllability and observability values of each node described by the HDL. These testability parameters can further be utilised to identification and hence classification of unsecure nodes.
Testability Analysis, SCOAP, Trojan Detection, Hardware security
Cite this paper
Sreeja Rajendran, Mary Lourde R. (2020) Testability Analysis and its Application to Hardware Security. International Journal of Circuits and Electronics, 5, 1-11
Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
Copyright 2006-2021 IARAS Press


Takehiko Nakafuji is an amazing japanese photographer, who captures the beauty of his hometown, Tokyo, by wandering into its busy streets. A stunning and fascinating photography work, and a great use of black and white. The atmosphere, dark yet poetic, is truly mesmerizing in Takehiko's work.


Harmonys, a versatile network-based PA, audio and bell sounding system has just been launched by International time management specialists Bodet Ltd.
Configured using Bodet's intuitive Sigma software the Harmonys system is simple to set up and can be easily programmed to schedule pre-recorded announcements, melody or bell alerts to one or more specified zones. Linking with Bodet's synchronous clock systems means a range of high quality bell sounds or pre-recoded announcements can be automatically broadcast at set times such as breaks, shift changes or end of day.
As well as 90dB wall or ceiling mounted sounders for internal use, the system can also be supplied with more powerful 110dB waterproof sounders for external use. Each of the sounders or zones of sounders can be programmed to broadcast personalised bell sounds or announcements. If a public announcement is made during a bell alert, the sounder memorises the bell sound which is then resumed immediately following the announcement.
The system is supplied with a central control box, which is used for manual activation of bell sounds, pre-recorded announcements or emergency procedure alerts, and a microphone from which live or pre-recorded announcements can be broadcast. The microphone system can be configured so that a jingle is played to alert the audience that an announcement is about to be broadcast. Both these components, sounders and future system extensions can be connected via any PC terminal on the network. In addition to CDs, SD cards and memory sticks, the system is compatible with all types of audio sources such as WebRadio and Webmusic so it can be used for streaming background music when it's not being used as a PA system.
As it uses an existing network, Harmonys is ideal not only for schools, large offices, warehouses, shops and supermarkets, but also for multi-site organisations such as hospitals, sports and leisure centres, food preparation and manufacturing sites.
For further technical information, please contact us.


Concets and Parties are for fun and memories. We are there to provide them! DJFilipino also known as Dj littlejohn mobile started as a hobby and a part-time business in Rockland County playing music and games at parties. Word of mouth from satisfied clients inspired us to improve and enlarge our services and our zones of operation. Djlittlejohn mastered slideshow and video presentation, ronn tan photography, line dancing, ballroom dancing and montage presentation. We operate state of the art equipment and cameras, and also offer a seasoned dance instructor to complete the package.
The business started to advertise in the weekly issue of Filipino Times, and many events were also featured in the pages of the Lifetime section. Our customers now come from the tri-State area of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut and we cater to all ages and generations.
For the much younger set we provide mascot and motif which delights children and makes their parties memorable. Karaoke, a great ice-breaker and sing along is projected on a screen. Djlittlejohn mobile gives life to the party and happiness and satisfaction to its customers. It has been operating for years and continues to develop and improve and update all our services.
CONCERTS are fun and memories, We are here to provide them.


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These adorable little mixed patterned ceramic plates are a perfect catch all for change and jewelry. Use these pretty vessel for nuts and olives for your cocktail nibbles.
A great hostess gift and that friend who likes to entertain.


text:
College Hotline
With Jon Wilner
Stanford football
Cal football
UCLA football
Pac-10 football
Oregon football
Oregon State football
2016 NFL Draft: Winners (SEC, Ohio State) and losers (SEC, Ohio State) from the college perspective
Posted on May 2, 2016 by Jon Wilner
(Credit: Getty Images)
Let's start with a quick thought on the top story here in the Bay Area: Cal quarterback Jared Goff, as expected, went No. 1 to the Rams.
In the process, he became 1) the first Golden Bear to be the top overall pick since Steve Bartkowski in 1975 and 2) one of only two Bay Area players in the past three decades to be the first off the board.
The other was Stanford's Andrew Luck, in 2012. And in both cases, the No. 1 pick comes with immense pressure because of the particular circumstances:
Luck's task in Indianapolis: Revive a franchise and replace a legend, Peyton Manning.
Goff's challenge with the Rams is equally momentous: He immediately becomes the face of a franchise that traded six picks to get him and oh-by-the-way just relocated to the No. 2 market in the country — a market that happens to be in need of a superstar after its most popular athlete recently retired.
Mamba out, Goff in.
Big Ten football, Cal football, NFL Draft, Oregon football, Pac-12 football, SEC football, Stanford football, UCLA football, Washington State football Alabama football, Jared Goff, Nick Saban, Notre Dame football, Ohio State football, Urban Meyer
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text:
Within a Week . . .
Feb. 27, 2020 — Now, just two days away from the South Carolina primary and a mere five from Super Tuesday, it's time to again determine candidate progress for what is arguably the most important primary election day of this presidential nomination cycle.
Currently, now that the Nevada Democratic Party has ostensibly tabulated the remaining caucus preference sheets from last Saturday's Nevada vote, the aggregate bound delegate count gives Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) the lead with 45, former South Bend mayor Pete Buttigieg is second at 26, former vice president Joe Biden posts 15, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) eight, and Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar holds seven. These numbers will change significantly by this time next week. A total of 1,398 delegate votes will be bound on Super Tuesday evening and 18 states and one territory will have completed their voting process.
We've had some polling movement in several of the Super Tuesday states that make a tight race even closer. North Carolina, with 110 first ballot delegates, at least according to one polling firm has lapsed into a three-way tie. Spry Strategies (Feb. 21-23; 561 likely North Carolina Democratic primary voters) finds former VP Biden, ex-New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg, and Sen. Sanders locked into a three-way tie, each with 20 percent support. None of the other candidates appear close to the 15 percent delegate allocation threshold in the Tar Heel State.
The new Public Policy Polling North Carolina survey turns in similar numbers (Feb. 23-24; 852 likely North Carolina Democratic primary voters) with Biden leading Sanders and Bloomberg, 23-20-17 percent, respectively. PPP agrees with Spry in projecting that only these three men will qualify for delegates. Such a split, assuming the congressional delegation allocation yields the same ratio, would find each of the three candidates receiving approximately 35-37 first-ballot votes.
The latest YouGov poll (Feb. 6-18; 1,352 likely Texas Democratic primary voters; online) also finds a tie, but this time in the Lone Star State with again three candidates winning bound delegates. The data finds Biden and Sanders tied with 20 percent, and Sen. Warren getting into delegate contention with 17 percent. If the actual Texas votes break similarly to this ratio, it would mean Bloomberg would fail to qualify for at-large delegates, leading to a fight for delegate allocation within each of the 31 state Senate districts. While other states divide by congressional districts, Texas uses state Senate seats.
Posted in Election Analysis, Polling, Presidential campaign, Primary, Super Tuesday and tagged brokered convention, Democratic National Convention, Jim Ellis, Joe Biden, Marist College, Michael Bloomberg, Nevada Democratic Party, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pete Buttigieg, Public Policy Polling, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Sen. Bernie Sanders, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, South Carolina, Spry Strategies, Super Tuesday, Texas, Tom Steyer, YouGov on February 27, 2020 by Jim Ellis. Leave a comment


Una Voce Ann Arbor / Ypsilanti no longer maintains an independent listing of TLMs.
Please check out Michigan Mass listings on either Messe Monde (if it is working today) or on Juventutem Michigan's Facebook notes.
If you know of any update that should be included on either list, please send an email to contact at juventutemmichigan dot com.