How much do you know about dentinal hypersensitivity?
Brännström's hydrodynamic theory, which describes the mechanism behind dentinal hypersensitivity, states stimulus-induced fluid flow within dentinal tubules activates ________ nerve fibers resulting in the sensation of pain.
1. Chung, G., Jung, S.J., Oh, S.B. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Dental Nociception. J Dent Res. 2013 Nov;92(11):948-55. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23955160.
2. Martens, L.C. A Decision Tree for the Management of Exposed Cervical Dentin (ECD) and Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS). Clinical Oral Investigations. 2013; 17(Suppl 1): 77-83. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-012-0898-7.
How many tubules can be found in one square millimeter of dentin?
1. Goldberg, M., Kulkarni, A.B., Young, M., Boskey A. Dentin: Structure, Composition and Mineralization: The Role of Dentin ECM in Dentin Formation and Mineralization. Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition). 2011;3:711-735. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3360947/.
2. Davari, A. Ataei, E. Assarzadeh, H. Dentin Hypersensitivity: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Literature Review. Journal of Dentistry. 2013;14(3):136-145. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927677/.
Hypersensitivity is more common among periodontal patients with a reported frequency of 60-98%. The general population reports a lower incidence of hypersensitivity at a rate of 57%.
Hypersensitivity is more common among periodontal patients, with a reported frequency of 60-98%; while a lower incidence of hypersensitivity of 57% is reported by the general population1-3,6. The higher prevalence for this group may be attributed to root surface exposure caused by periodontal disease and treatment.
1. Chabanski, M.B., Gilliam, D.G., Bulman, I.S., Newman, H.N. Clinical Evaluation of Cervical Dentine Sensitivity in a Population of Patients Referred to a Specialist Periodontology Department: A Pilot Study. J Oral Rehabil. 1997;24:666-72. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9357747.
2. Von Troil, B., Needleman, E. Sanz, M. A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Root Sensitivity Following Periodontal Therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2002;29 (Suppl 3): 173-7. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787217.
3. Orchardson, R. Gillam, D.G. Managing Dentin Hypersensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:990-8. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16803826.
4. Martens, L.C. A Decision Tree for the Management of Exposed Cervical Dentin (ECD) and Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS). Clinical Oral Investigations. 2013; 17(Suppl 1): 77-83. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-012-0898-7.
5. Drisko, C.H. Dentine Hypersensitivity – Dental Hygiene and Periodontal Considerations. Int Dent J. 2002;52:85-93. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/j.1875-595X.2002.tb00938.x.
6. Splieth, C.H., Tachou, A. Epidemiology of Dentin Hypersensitivity. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar; 17(Suppl 1): 3–8. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3585833/.
Parafunctional occlusal forces or occlusal trauma can cause gingival recession which can lead to hypersensitivity. Occlusal trauma never exacerbates the risk of attachment loss in individuals with active periodontal disease.
Parafunctional occlusal forces can be described as when the teeth make contact outside functional activities, such as when chewing food. Parafunctional occlusal forces can cause attachment loss, including gingival recession and bone loss/resorption, due to the excess force placed on the periodontium.
1. Davies, S.J., Gray, R.J.M., Linden, G.J., James, J.A. Occlusal Considerations in Periodontics. Br Dent J. 2001;191:597-607. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11770945.
2. Kemal, U., Zafer, S., Hasan, O. Ismet, D., Sema, H. Severe Gingival Recession Caused by Traumatic Occlusion and Mucogingival Stress: A Case Report. Eur J Dent. 2008: 127-133. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2633168/.
1. Martens, L.C. A Decision Tree for the Management of Exposed Cervical Dentin (ECD) and Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS). Clinical Oral Investigations. 2013; 17(Suppl 1): 77-83. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-012-0898-7.
Iatrogenic loss during restorative procedures.
1. Davari, A. Ataei, E. Assarzadeh, H. Dentin Hypersensitivity: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment; A Literature Review. Journal of Dentistry. 2013;14(3):136-145. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927677/.
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After the success of the 1st Heat Flux Burner workshop, which was held at the European Combustion Meeting in 2011, a 2nd workshop was organized. This meeting took place prior to the 34th International Symposium on Combustion in Warsaw, Poland.
Here you can find pictures of the 2nd Heat Flux Burner Workshop in Warsaw.


Stirling Residences is located in Singapore District 3 along Stirling Road in a landed enclave. This upcoming development will have a site area of about 227,222 square feet and will be able to yield about 1000 units. This project will be developed by Logan Property as well as Nanshan Group and it is only a short few minutes' drive to the Orchard Road shopping belt. Drivers in Stirling Residences can make use of the expressways such as the Ayer Rajah Expressway and the East Coast Parkway to get to the other areas in Singapore. As for families with on-going school children, renowned schools like the Gan Eng Seng Primary, the ISS International, Queenstown Primary and ACJC, just to mention a few, are within close proximity. Commuters can travel using the Queenstown MRT to get you to the other areas in the island. As it is situated in a matured estate, future residents will have easy access to many amenities as well as retail shops around.
Please see following image we have done on 99.co, data from URA, the transactions in District 3 new launches including Highline Residences, a development by Keppel Land, Commonwealth Towers, a development by Hong Leong, Queens Peak, a development by HY Realty, Principal Garden, a development by UOL and finally the Artra, a development by FEC Skyline.


The Innovations Issue: Who Made That?
Our innovations issue expands on a weekly column in the magazine called "Who Made That?" In this special issue, we explore the creative genius behind everything from BuzzFeed to the Branock Device to low-carb diets. This exploration begins on the cover. Purely typographic, it references elements of the actual magazine — from the magazine's logo to the fluorescent ink used in printing to the staple holding the magazine together— and discusses who made them.


BROOMFIELD, Colo. – Aug. 1, 2018 – Monday, Sept. 3 is the last chance to receive the lowest price for the Epic Pass and the entire suite of Epic Season Pass options – including the Epic Local, Epic 7-Day, Epic 4-Day, Epic Military Pass and many more. The Epic Pass, available for $899, remains the best overall value in skiing, offering skiers and snowboarders unlimited, unrestricted access to 19 mountain resorts plus additional access to 46 more throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Austria. A child pass (ages five to 12) is $469.
The Epic Pass offers variety and flexibility for skiers and riders across North America to enjoy world-class skiing both near home and at legendary destinations, all on the same pass. New for the 2018-19 winter season, the Epic Pass will now feature unlimited, unrestricted skiing and riding in Crested Butte and seven days in Telluride, in addition to continued unlimited, unrestricted skiing and riding at Vail, Beaver Creek, Breckenridge, Keystone, and Arapahoe Basin in Colorado and Park City in Utah. In the northeast, the Epic Pass will also now provide unlimited, unrestricted access to Okemo in Vermont and Mount Sunapee in New Hampshire, in addition to Stowe. On the west coast, the Epic Pass will now offer unlimited, unrestricted access to Stevens Pass in Washington State, in addition to continued access to Whistler Blackcomb in Canada, and Heavenly, Northstar and Kirkwood at Lake Tahoe. In the Midwest, the Epic Pass continues to offer unlimited, unrestricted access to Wilmot in Wisconsin, Afton Alps in Minnesota, and Mt. Brighton in Michigan.
Outside of the U.S., the Epic Pass also grants unlimited, unrestricted skiing at Whistler Blackcomb in Canada and Perisher in Australia (for the 2019 season), as well as limited access to Resorts of the Canadian Rockies' six resorts in Canada (Fernie Alpine Resort, Kicking Horse Mountain Resort and Kimberley Alpine Resort in British Columbia, Nakiska in Alberta, and Mont Sainte Anne and Stoneham in Quebec); Hakuba Valley's nine ski resorts in Japan;; Les 3 Vallées, Paradiski and Tignes-Val D'Isere in France; 4 Vallées in Switzerland; Arlberg in Austria and Skirama Dolomiti in Italy. Each resort delivers exceptional experiences, unique alpine traditions and impeccable service.
The Epic Local Pass, an incredible value at just $669, provides access to 27 world-class resorts and pays for itself in just over three days. This year in Colorado, the Epic Local adds unlimited, unrestricted access to Crested Butte, in addition to continued unlimited, unrestricted access to Breckenridge, Keystone, and Arapahoe Basin. In the northeast, this year the Epic Local Pass has also added unlimited, unrestricted skiing at Okemo in Vermont and Mount Sunapee in New Hampshire, in addition to unlimited access to Stowe with certain holiday restrictions. In addition, the Epic Local Pass continues to offer restricted access to world-class resorts including Vail, Beaver Creek, Park City, Whistler Blackcomb, and more.
Epic Pass™: For $899, the Epic Pass offers unlimited, unrestricted access to 19 mountain resorts plus additional access to 46 more, including 20 new mountains for the 2018-19 season. Discover 65 of the world's premier resorts throughout the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Austria. The Epic Pass pays for itself in just over four days of skiing or snowboarding. Enjoy unlimited, unrestricted access to Vail, Beaver Creek, Breckenridge, Keystone, Crested Butte* and Arapahoe Basin in Colorado; Park City in Utah; Heavenly, Northstar and Kirkwood at Lake Tahoe; Stowe and Okemo* in Vermont; Mount Sunapee* in New Hampshire; Stevens Pass* in Washington; Afton Alps in Minnesota; Mt. Brighton in Michigan; Wilmot Mountain in Wisconsin; Whistler Blackcomb in Canada; and Perisher in Australia for the 2019 season. New for the 2018-19 season, Epic Pass holders will receive seven days of skiing or snowboarding with no blackout dates at both Telluride in Colorado and at Resorts of the Canadian Rockies (Fernie Alpine Resort, Kicking Horse Mountain Resort and Kimberley Alpine Resort in British Columbia, Nakiska in Alberta, and Mont Sainte Anne and Stoneham in Quebec), and five total consecutive days with no blackout dates at Hakuba Valley's nine ski resorts in Japan. The Epic Pass also grants limited access to Les 3 Vallées, Paradiski and Tignes-Val D'Isere in France; 4 Vallées in Switzerland; Arlberg in Austria and Skirama Dolomiti in Italy. A child pass (ages five to 12) is $469.
Epic Local Pass™: For $669, guests receive access to 27 resorts, including unlimited, unrestricted access to Breckenridge, Keystone, Crested Butte*, Okemo*, Mount Sunapee*, Stevens Pass*, Arapahoe Basin, Wilmot, Afton Alps and Mt. Brighton with limited restrictions at Park City, Heavenly, Northstar, Kirkwood, and Stowe, plus a combined total of 10 days at Vail, Beaver Creek, and Whistler Blackcomb with holiday restrictions. The Epic Local Pass pays for itself in just over three days. New for the 2018-19 season, Epic Local Pass holders will receive access to 13 new mountains including Crested Butte, Okemo, Mount Sunapee, Stevens Pass plus five total consecutive days with no blackout dates at Hakuba Valley's nine ski resorts in Japan. A child pass (ages five to 12) is $359.
Epic 4-Day™: For $439, a convenient option for a short ski trip as the pass pays for itself in just over two days and includes a total of four unrestricted days valid at Vail, Beaver Creek, Whistler Blackcomb, Breckenridge, Park City, Keystone, Crested Butte*, Heavenly, Northstar, Kirkwood, Stowe, Okemo*, Mount Sunapee*, Stevens Pass* and Arapahoe Basin, plus four additional free days at Afton Alps, Mt. Brighton or Wilmot. New in 2018-19, Epic 4-Day Pass holders will receive up to four days of skiing or snowboarding at Telluride and at Resorts of the Canadian Rockies with no blackout dates as part of their four total days on the pass. After the four days, regardless of the resort at which they were redeemed, pass holders can get 20 percent off additional lift tickets at Telluride. A child pass (ages five to 12) is $239.
*Resort access and benefits at Okemo, Crested Butte, and Mount Sunapee are pending closure of the transaction to acquire Triple Peaks. Resort access and benefits at Stevens Pass are pending closure of the transaction to acquire Stevens Pass Resort. Both transactions are expected to close in Summer 2018.
Vail Resorts encourages guests to purchase pass insurance. All of the Company's season pass products are non-refundable and non-transferable; however, pass insurance covers pass holders in the event of unexpected circumstances including sickness, injury and job loss. Find out more at EpicPass.com.


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PETA INDIA ASKS AMUL TO SWITCH TO PRODUCING OF VEGAN MILK
by Hardik Tokas May 30, 2021, 8:09 pm
In a letter to Amul, the organization asked the company to cease "wasting resources to fight the demand for plant-based products".
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India has requested that Amul decide to produce vegan milk. Claiming that there is an increase in demand for vegan food and beverages In a letter, PETA stated, "We would want to encourage Amul to profit from the developing vegan food and milk sector, rather than spending resources fighting the rising demand for plant-based goods." Amul, like other firms, may adapt to market developments.
According to a Grand View Research analysis, the worldwide dairy alternatives market is expected to reach $52.58 billion by 2028. PETA India Vegan Outreach Coordinator Dr. Kiran Ahuja said: "Much of the world – and that certainly includes India – has turned sour towards dairy over animal welfare, environmental, and health concerns."
"PETA India is calling on Amul to realize which way the wind is blowing and switch to producing the creamy dairy-free milk that today's consumers want. In India, most people would be astonished to learn that the dairy sector is the primary supplier of cattle to the beef industry and that most family farms are now gone", said PETA India.
As reported by First Post, Sodhi, while replying to a tweet by Ashwini Mahajan, national co-convener of Swadeshi Jagran Manch, said, "Don't you know dairy farmers are mostly landless. Your designs may kill their only source of livelihood. Mind it milk is in our faith, our traditions, our taste, our food habits an easy and always available source of nutrition."
Among other things, Amul said that plant-based "milk" isn't truly milk and went on to detail the industry's economic impact.
According to new laws enacted by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) in 2017, a corporation cannot declare or imply in marketing or packaging that a non-milk product is manufactured from milk.
What is Vegan Milk?
Vegan milk alternatives have grown in popularity in recent years, with many individuals preferring them over traditional animal dairy products. Vegan milk is essentially a plant-based liquid that has the texture, flavor, and properties of traditional animal milk. While some attribute this movement to the suffering that animals endure throughout the milk extraction process, vegan milk alternatives have also shown to be extremely beneficial to those who are lactose-intolerant or allergic to animal milk. Vegan milk is widely regarded as a healthier alternative to dairy products. Here are some of the most popular vegan milk alternatives on the market:
Cashew Milk
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Google's Photos App Unlimited goes paid from June 1st. What Changes for the user?
THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN INDIA IS LIKELY TO CROSS 10% IN MAY DUE TO LOCKDOWNS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Antibody therapy is being developed and tested as one of the most promising agents for treatment of various human diseases. As of March 2016, 350 antibody candidates are in clinical trials. Many of these antibodies have been taken from animals and "humanized" by genetic modification. Our experiment tests monoclonal antibodies that have been harvested from mouse hybridoma (spleen-derived) cells and cloned until the heavy and light chains of the antibody can be recognized by human cells. Because of this "humanization" procedure, basic antibody assays are needed to demonstrate that the binding, specificity and functional parameters of the antibodies are not lost during cloning. The purpose of this research is to perform this validation through assays. The antibodies are harvested from cell supernatants and purified using affinity chromatography. Then, the antibody fractions are tested for reactivity with human target protein PTP-Beta, via western blot and ELISA procedures. Cross-reactivity of the antibody is tested against human eta and cynomolgus beta proteins. The work presented in this poster describes results from one particular mouse antibody, R15, which has been humanized to functionally enhance endothelial survival. The goal is to generate a therapeutic antibody candidate that improves endothelium survival and stability.


Are you looking for an apartment nearby Albufeira's beaches? Then, Akisol Albufeira Nature IV is the right choice.
From One-Bedroom Apartment to Two-Bedroom Apartment, Akisol Albufeira Nature IV is a great choice to enjoy your vacations with family or friends. The kitchen has all the equipment to fulfill your culinary demands, here you can prepare your best dishes to enjoy with your companions, you also have a BBQ in the balcony. The terrace is spacious and your pets will love it. Here, to reach any local attraction, all you need is to walk a few meters.
Impossible not to discover some of the wonderful beaches of Albufeira and enjoy its clear waters or if time does not permit, enjoy the magnificent scenery that find themselves at the top of the rocky cliffs. If you prefer a busier program are numerous water sports that has to try or if you prefer, you can also venture out on a round of golf. All you need is rent Akisol Albufeira Nature IV!


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SILCD1354 The Promise
From Debbie Wiseman MBE, one of the UK's most prolific and celebrated film and TV composers, comes an ambitious orchestral score to Peter Kosminsky's epic four-part Channel 4 drama The Promise.
Well known in the British film and television industry for her lyrical style, Debbie Wiseman has been called "the most romantic and lyrical composer alive in Europe today". Film Music on The Web describes Debbie as "one of our finest composers" and All Music Guide refers to "melodramatic flair and textural splendour" being the hallmarks of Debbie's film work.
Composing more than 200 scores for film and television, Debbie's output includes movie soundtracks for Wilde (which won her an Ivor Novello Award), Flood, Lesbian Vampire Killers, The Truth About Love and Arsène Lupin and TV themes for Children's Hospital, Warriors, Jekyll and Jackanory to name a few.
The story of The Promise centres around a British girl who travels to Israel/Palestine and retraces the steps of her grandfather who was a British soldier stationed there in the 1940s. To bring this story to life musically Debbie has drawn on Arabic and ethnic influences, and has featured the Duduk, Kaval, Oud, Arabic violin, Arabic vocal, and ethnic percussion – as well as a full symphony orchestra of strings and woodwind.
1. The Promise
2. Mohammed
3. Refugees
4. Old Jawda
5. Bergen-Belsen
6. Gaza
7. Firefight
8. Ein Hawd (1946)
9. Omar
10. The Betrayal
11. Age Shall Not Weary Them
12. The Settlers
13. It's Called Loyalty
15. Deir Yassin
16. The Docks
17. The Key
18. Samira.
19. War Zone
20. Hostage
21. The Soldier
22. Old Len


It's no accident you just typed in a search term related to search engine optimization or SEM and and found us here in the Virginia search results – we used specific strategies and technical maneuvers to increase our visibility here in search engines.
Over 80% of consumers use search engines to find local businesses, and 90% of searchers never go past Page 1 of Google. Also, 94% of people will click on Organic Results rather than paid advertisements, and trust organic results more than ads which increases avg conversion rate. Without good SEO you are losing over 90% of all Virginia prospects searching online for the exact products and/or services your business provides.
SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, is basically the process which gets your business to show up as the #1 result on Google (or other search engines) when someone searches for the products or services your business provides in Virginia. Our SEO agency knows the proper steps to get your website in the top Google results no matter the location or size of your business.
Look at SEO as a large banner that you view every day as you head into town in Virginia. If you see it advertising a sale in a clothing store, visit that store, and perhaps try some new brands, thus contributing to the growth of the store. This is the very same principle with SEO. Search engine users looking for specific information will become interested in a business that keeps showing among the search results.
Search engines get their information by sending out various crawlers and then indexing the pages that are found. Optimization is about crafting the titles and the meta descriptions of web pages. There are countless people using the internet on a daily basis and thousands of business are taking advantage of this and optimizing their websites. The following are some of the reasons why both minor and major businesses should invest in the process of SEO.
For example, someone searching for a nice restaurant for their next dinner in Virginia will choose some of the ones that show on the first page in their browser. And always remember that for a business to remain profitable, investments need to be made.
Several web users today do a search for items utilizing their cell phones. This is no new thing since cellular devices are convenient to carry around and when you get stuck somewhere, they can come in handy and help you find a way out. However, mobile users totally neglect paid ads and look at the organic searches. This is a consequence of the fact that organic results cater to specific users, being therefore much more likely to suit their needs. Business owners who seize this huge opportunity to grab a nice slice of their market should invest in SEO.
Mobile devices also have the capability to be linked to a wide variety of social media platforms. Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp are commonly used for business purposes, as well as for leisure, learning and entertainment or even for solving some urgent problems. When a user is seeking a solution to their problem, it is essential that you are there right on the top of the page. If your information is reliable and useful, you can be assured these people will recommend your services to their peers.
Local businesses in Virginia can use this insight to get recommendations from local customers. If you still believe hiring an SEO agency is nothing but an extra cost, remember that people constantly move, either for changing their residence or for visiting purposes.
Small businesses in Virginia find it hard to fight against their established competitors, as they lack the means and the power to do it. SEO offers a cost effective and fair platform where online presence could help you rise to the challenge. An old business may overlook the importance of SEO, thus giving small businesses a tremendous competitive edge and an opportunity to acquire clients. At the end of the day, trust gets generated and potential customers become loyal customers and advocates of your brand.


Bitcoin Core has made significant progress over the past few weeks in creating a more viable atmosphere to communicate with the bitcoin community.
Core has successfully completed the launch of BitcoinCore.org to introduce updates of Bitcoin Core, the adoption rate of Bitcoin Improvement Proposals with a list of companies and their progress in integrating mechanisms such as Segregated Witness, which was proposed by Pieter Wuille at the Hong Kong Scaling Workshop in December, 2015. Core has also created a Twitter account to provide an official feed of Bitcoin Core and has set up a Slack chat group for bitcoin enthusiasts to arrange a variety of discussions.
To maintain the momentum of Core's improvement on communicating with the community, Shapeshift CEO Erik Voorhees has suggested two proposals which could end the civil war between Bitcoin developers and the community.
Bitcoin Core developers and Onename co-founder Ryan Shea recently announced their plans to prepare for a hard fork which would put Adam Back's 2-4-8 proposal into place alongside Segregated Witness.
"At the same time, it is important that we push for an increase that is as big as we can safely handle, and we believe that Adam Back's 2–4–8 proposal that scales the block size to 4MB after 2 years and then to 8MB after 4 years is the plan of action that is the most ambitious while still being safe," wrote Shea.
He further emphasized that by allowing non-fully-validating nodes to ignore half of the data, it would alleviate the pressure on nodes.
Voorhees believes that Bitcoin Core developers should add Adam Back's proposal to the roadmap and the estimated time to execute the hardfork. However, Core should establish firm dates of the implementation to help the network grow at a predictable rate.
"The time to add it to the roadmap is now, and the time to execute the HF should then, within reason, be up to Core's stewardship. This needn't interfere with, and is certainly not a replacement for, the much beloved SegWit." he explained.
Over the past few months, the feud among bitcoin enthusiasts and developers in the community have reached its peak. However, Bitcoin Core attempts to relieve the tension of the community by engaging in various developments and initiatives to develop a friendlier environment for the network to scale. Bitcoin Core has already made significant improvements in their improvements and with Voorhees' humble suggestions, Bitcoin Core could eliminate the civil war between the community and developers once and for all.


FIFA has banned 2018 and 2022 World Cup bids inspector Harold Mayne-Nicholls for seven years for a breaching of the governing body's code of ethics.
Mayne-Nicholls, the former chairman of the Bid Evaluation Group for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups, was responsible for inspecting the bids for FIFA ahead of the December 2010 vote. The former Chilean Football Association President is banned from "taking part in any kind of football-related activity at national and international level" after an investigation from the ethics committee.
FIFA says more detailed information will be given after the final decision becomes effective and did not disclose Mayne-Nicholls' offense.
Mayne-Nicholls says he will appeal to higher courts that are "established in FIFA statutes and TAS (the Court of Arbitration for Sport).
"I wonder why FIFA.com publishes a sanction that has outstanding resources, as this may be modified by higher courts," Mayne-Nicholls said. "I ask for understanding. I can not comment because there is express prohibition to inform by the Ethics Committee."
Mayne-Nicholls admitted to The Telegraph in November that FIFA had started its probe over his links to the Qatar's Aspire Academy and emails he allegedly exchanged with its director regarding the possibility of securing unpaid internships for several family members.
The ban imposed on Mayne-Nicholls is the latest in a number of incidents that have damaged FIFA's credibility.
Although FIFA cleared Qatar and Russia of any wrongdoing over how their winning World Cup bids were secured, Switzerland Attorney General Michael Lauber said that banks in his country have noted 53 possible money-laundering incidents and more than 100 incidents of "suspicious activity" concerning the bidding process of the 2018 and 2022 World Cups.
Swiss federal prosecutors opened criminal proceedings on May 27 relating to the awarding of those tournaments, after raiding a Zurich hotel and arresting seven FIFA officials for a separate United States investigation of bribery and racketeering.
That same day, the United States Justice Department indicted and charged 14 defendants with racketeering, wire fraud and money laundering conspiracies, accusing the men of decades of "rampant, systemic, and deep-rooted" corruption by former and current FIFA officials.


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Körgull The Exterminator
Sharpen Your Spikes by Mark Wild
'Sharpen Your Spikes' was released last September. Nowadays, we never set any goal for the band or our releases beyond making the music we enjoy playing and having a great time together. We are a bunch of oldies in our forties, so our band's main thing is having fun doing what we like, gather around the rehearsal room, and play our songs live on stage anytime it's possible! It has always been the idiosyncrasy of Körgull, and considering the nowadays pandemic stage, one could say it is undoubtedly the best way to avoid any kind of frustration.
We're not the kind of band with profound messages behind our lyrics. The way we see it, lyrics must be the perfect companion to the music and nothing else. And we have in Lilith the best one in that! Her lyrics sound punkish, dark, aggressive, epic or violent as the music goes on, but always with some kind of dark poetic vibe behind it. She's a strong follower of old poets and writers like Poe or Lovecraft, and you can feel that dark and "beauty" (curious word to describe her insane style) in her lyrics. And being native from England, she has a perfect dominion of the language, so the result is perfect for us in every single piece!
The mindset behind every Körgull is always the same. Playing metal as we like it to sound aggressive, fast and violent without boundaries in every style we worship! Thrash metal with black influences but with a dose of rock n' roll, heavy or death metal if we are in its mood. We try to play what we'd like to listen to if we weren't in the band, song by song, without talking previously of any kind of direction. In this particular last one, you can hear the riffs and the lyrics that we were angry with the situation in our land and its mark are on the final result. Also, the songs came up fast, so I think it sounds fresh and straight!
Our idiosyncrasy as a band makes us indestructible! We're all friends and enjoy doing this. There are no aims, no pressure, so if someday we don't have any attention out there, we'll keep on gathering to grab some beers and make new songs only for us! We love playing live, but we also make party in every rehearsal, so we'll be there, completely underground, playing for ourselves! hahaha
www.facebook.com/KORGULLTHEEXTERMINATORAXETHRASH
Category: MusicBy Heavy Music Artwork March 29, 2021 Leave a comment
Tags: AlastorThrash/Black MetalXtreem Music
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Air Force Works Aggressively to Reduce Bird Strikes
Keith Mutton, who helps to run the U.S. Air Force's Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard program at the Royal Air Force base in Mildenhall, England, rewards Goldie, a 9-year-old Moroccan lanner hawk, for helping to rid the base of birds. Goldie can launch from Mutton's arm at up to 40 mph to chase away and ward off unwanted birds that are safety threats. U.S. Air Force photo by Master Sgt. Lance Cheung
By Donna Miles
American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Jan. 23, 2009 – As an ongoing investigation continues on a bird strike that caused a passenger jet's engines to fail last week after takeoff from New York's LaGuardia Airport, Air Force safety officials said they're well-versed on the dangers of bird strikes and aggressively are working to prevent them.
National Transportation Safety Board officials confirmed initial indications that U.S. Airways flight 1549 struck a flock of birds, which were sucked into the engines and caused them to fail. The pilot, former Air Force pilot Chesley B. "Sully" Sullenberger III, successfully landed the plane in New York's Hudson River and is credited with saving all 155 people on board.
The incident brought public focus to a problem the Air Force, along with the airline industry, has long struggled to overcome.
Last year alone, the Air Force experienced more than 4,000 bird strikes, Eugene LeBoeuf, chief of the Air Force's Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard, or BASH, program at Kirtland Air Force Base, N.M., told American Forces Press Service.
Fortunately, none of those bird strikes was classified as a "Class A" accident, one that results in a death or more than $1 million in damages, LeBoeuf said. But collectively, they cost the Air Force an estimated $35 million.
Bird strikes are on the rise, he said, and present a serious safety issue. The crash of an E-3B Airborne Warning and Control System plane in 1995 after takeoff from Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, painfully drove that point home. All 24 crew members died when the plane struck a flock of Canada geese just after takeoff.
"When you have a bird strike, it's like throwing a rock into the engine," said Air Force Staff Sgt. Paul White, airfield operations supervisor at Andrews Air Force Base, Md. "It stops the turbine from spinning, and that can be catastrophic."
The BASH program works to avert accidents like the one at Elmendorf and last week's incident in New York. Based on a system of "integrated pest management," it aims to keep air bases, airfields and the air space and ground in and around them free of birds and wildlife that can hamper aircraft operations, LeBoeuf explained.
That's a challenge, he said, with more Canada geese taking up permanent residence in the United States, a burgeoning snow goose population and a comeback for the pelican population after DDT and other insecticides were banned.
But birds aren't the only problem, LeBoeuf said. He's seen it all: deer, coyotes, wild pigs and even alligators finding their way onto Air Force flightlines. "They're mobile speed bumps, and aircraft don't take kindly to them," he said.
Step one in the BASH program is "habitat alteration," which LeBoeuf defined as making airfields as uninviting as possible. Anything that might serve as a perch is removed, denying birds an elevated place to roost. Potential perches that can't be removed get spikes driven into them.
Meanwhile, low spots in the land where birds can hide or seek water that collects are filled in.
Dan Vredenburgh, a contractor who oversees Andrews Air Force Base's BASH program, follows the Air Force protocol of ensuring grass around the airfield is maintained between 7 and 14 inches. That's too short for ground birds to nest in, but too long for them to feel safe feeding in, he explained.
"These are the benign approaches, but if they don't work, we turn to more active techniques," LeBoeuf said. In a word, he defined that as "harassment."
Vredenburgh, for example, has a whole list of tricks to make Andrews unwelcoming to seagulls, blackbirds, starlings, turkey vultures, cowbirds, ducks and geese that frequent the region.
He fires off pyrotechnics and propane cannons as needed to scare birds from the 4,320-acre base. One of his most effective tools is Bree, a two-tone border collie that chases away birds or other wildlife that might be tempted to take up residence. Vrendenburg and Bree patrol the base regularly, and he sets her loose when he discovers birds roosting.
"When she takes off, they leave in a hurry," Vrendenburgh said. "After a couple of times, they probably won't come back."
Other bases use different techniques. The Royal Air Force base at Mildenhall in England, for example, relies on a Moroccan lanner hawk named Goldie to ward off unwanted birds. At Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan, a luger falcon named Mustang helps to keep unwanted birds at bay.
But no preventive measure will keep birds and other wildlife away indefinitely, LeBoeuf said. So as a last resort, BASH officials get the permits required to shoot, trap or otherwise remove them from the area.
At Andrews -- home of the 316th Wing as well as the 89th Airlift Wing that flies Air Force One and other aircraft in support of the president, vice president and senior U.S. leaders -- these measures are helping to reduce bird strikes.
Andrews reported 20 bird strikes last year, down from 30 in fiscal 2007 and an average of about 34 a year in past years, Vredenburgh said. Nearly all involved small birds, and none inflicted major aircraft damage or forced an emergency landing.
"We understand the importance of what we do, and believe we're helping reduce the problem through our efforts," he said.
"There's no question that the BASH program is making a difference," LeBoeuf said. "It saves lives and aircraft and allows us to maintain our mission. It's a very important program."
Air Force Staff Sgt. Paul White, airfield operations supervisor at Andrews Air Force Base, Md., left, and Dan Vredenburgh, a contractor who oversees the base's Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard program, rely on Bree, a two-tone border collie, as one of many tools to discourage birds and wildlife that could interfere with airfield operations. DoD photo by Donna Miles
Officials credit monitoring grass height around runways with helping to deter birds that prevent a hazard to aircraft operations. Here, mowers at Eglin Air Force Base, Fla., ensure grass around the runway is more than 7 inches high, because birds are less likely to land somewhere if they can't see each other. U.S. Air Force photo
Posted by MsMarti - on Sunday, January 25, 2009 at 20:30 in Military News | Permalink


text:
Q: Do Cauchy always converge (for some superset)? I know Cauchy sequences are only guaranteed converge in complete metric spaces.
However, I have been struggling with one issue. It seems that every Cauchy sequence converges, at least in a larger metric space (using the same distance function). Is the following conjecture true or false? (I'm almost sure it is false, but I cannot find a counter-example).
Conjecture: Let $X_{n}$ be a Cauchy sequence in an incomplete metric space $(M,d_M)$. Suppose $X_{n}$ does not converge in $(M,d_M)$. Then, there exists a metric space $(N,d_M)$, where $N \supseteq M$ , endowed with the same distance function $d_M$ such that $X_{n}$ converges in $(N,d_M)$.

A: I think you can say this is true.
Lets say that cauchy sequence $\{a_i\}$ in $M$ is related to cauchy sequence $\{b_i\}$ in $M$ if $d_M(a_i,b_i)\to 0$.  We can prove that is an equivalence relation (I think). So if $N=$ the set of all equivalence classes of cauchy sequences then if we consider each $m \in M$ as equal to the equivalence class of all cauchy sequences that converge to $m$ then $M \subset N$ and $M$ is complete.

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text:
Q: Looking for arithmetic operations that result in 24 I'm writing a program that evaluates the integer values of 4 playing cards (numbers 1-13), and displays a solution that equals 24. I have a large if statement that I've written for this and have realized that there are just too many solutions to add them all. I'm looking for advice on how to condense this into a more optimized version. The code is running fine with no errors, here is my entire code:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.*;

public class Main extends Application {

   private Card card1;
   private Card card2;
   private Card card3;
   private Card card4;

   private int a;
   private int b;
   private int c;
   private int d;
   private int e=0;
   private int f=0;
   boolean par=false;

   @Override
   public void start(Stage primaryStage) {

      ArrayList<Integer> deck;
      deck = new ArrayList<>();
      int i = 1;
      while(i < 52){
         deck.add(i);
         i++;
      }
      final AtomicReference<String> result = new AtomicReference<>("");

      Collections.shuffle(deck);

      BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();

      HBox top = new HBox(10);
      Label display = new Label(result.toString());
      Button btShuffle = new Button("Shuffle");
      Button fiSolution = new Button("Find Solution");
      TextField solfield = new TextField();
      VBox bottomBox = new VBox();

      top.getChildren().add(fiSolution);
      top.getChildren().add(solfield);
      top.getChildren().add(btShuffle);

      HBox center = new HBox(10);

      card1 = new Card(deck.get(0));
      center.getChildren().add(card1);

      card2 = new Card(deck.get(1));
      center.getChildren().add(card2);

      card3 = new Card(deck.get(3));
      center.getChildren().add(card3);

      card4 = new Card(deck.get(4));
      center.getChildren().add(card4);

      //String str1 = solfield.setText();

      fiSolution.setOnAction(
            (ActionEvent e) -> {

               a = card1.CardValue();
               b = card2.CardValue();
               c = card3.CardValue();
               d = card4.CardValue();

              if (a+b+c+d == 24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"+"+c+"+"+d);
               else if (a+b+c-d == 24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"+"+c+"-"+d);
               else if (a-b+c+d == 24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+-"+b+"+"+c+"+"+d);
               else if (a+b-c+d == 24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"-"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)-c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"-"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)-c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"-"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)/c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"/"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)/c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"/"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)*c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"*"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a+b)*c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"*"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)+c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"+"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)+c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"+"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)/c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"/"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)/c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"/"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)*c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"*"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a-b)*c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"*"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)+c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"+"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)+c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"+"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)-c)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"-"+c+"/"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)-c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"-"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)/c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"/"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a*b)/c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"/"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)+c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"+"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)+c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"+"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)-c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"-"+c+"+"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)-c)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"-"+c+"*"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)*c)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"*"+c+"-"+d);
               else if ((((a/b)*c)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"*"+c+"+"+d);

               f=c+d;
               if (((a/b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"*("+c+"+"+d+")");
               else if (((a/b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"-("+c+"+"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"-("+c+"+"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"/("+c+"+"+d+")");
               else if (((a-b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"*("+c+"+"+d+")");
               else if (((a-b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"/("+c+"+"+d+")");

               f=c-d;
               if (((a/b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"*("+c+"-"+d+")");
               else if (((a/b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"+("+c+"-"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"+("+c+"-"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"/("+c+"-"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"*("+c+"-"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"/("+c+"-"+d+")");

               f=c*d;
               if (((a/b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"*("+c+"*"+d+")");
               else if (((a/b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/"+b+"+("+c+"*"+d+")");
               else if (((a-b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"+("+c+"*"+d+")");
               else if (((a-b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"/("+c+"*"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"-("+c+"*"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)/f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"/("+c+"*"+d+")");

               f=c/d;
               if (((a-b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"*("+c+"/"+d+")");
               else if (((a-b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-"+b+"+("+c+"/"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)+f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"+("+c+"/"+d+")");
               else if (((a*b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*"+b+"-("+c+"/"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)*f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"*("+c+"/"+d+")");
               else if (((a+b)-f)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+"+b+"-("+c+"/"+d+")");

               f=b*c;
               if (((a-f)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-("+b+"*"+c+")/"+d);
               else if (((a-f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-("+b+"*"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a/f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"*"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a/f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"*"+c+")-"+d);
               else if (((a+f)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+("+b+"*"+c+")/"+d);
               else if (((a+f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+("+b+"*"+c+")-"+d);

               f=b-c;
               if (((a*f)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"-"+c+")/"+d);
               else if (((a*f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"-"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a/f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"-"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a/f)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"-"+c+")*"+d);

               f=b/c;
               if (((a-f)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-("+b+"/"+c+")*"+d);
               else if (((a-f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"-("+b+"/"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a*f)+d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"/"+c+")+"+d);
               else if (((a*f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"/"+c+")-"+d);
               else if (((a+f)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+("+b+"/"+c+")*"+d);
               else if (((a+f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"+("+b+"/"+c+")-"+d);

               f=b+c;
               if (((a*f)/d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"+"+c+")/"+d);
               else if (((a*f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"*("+b+"+"+c+")-"+d);
               else if (((a/f)-d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"+"+c+")-"+d);
               else if (((a/f)*d)==24)
                  solfield.setText(a+"/("+b+"+"+c+")*"+d);

            });

      btShuffle.setOnAction(
            e -> {
               center.getChildren().clear();
               Collections.shuffle(deck);
               card1 = new Card(deck.get(0));
               card2 = new Card(deck.get(1));
               card3 = new Card(deck.get(2));
               card4 = new Card(deck.get(3));

               center.getChildren().add(card1);
               center.getChildren().add(card2);
               center.getChildren().add(card3);
               center.getChildren().add(card4);

            });

      HBox bottom = new HBox(10);
      Label expression = new Label("Please Enter the expression: ");

      TextField tfExpress = new TextField();

      String str = tfExpress.getText();

      Button btVerify = new Button("Verify");
      bottom.getChildren().add(expression);
      bottom.getChildren().add(tfExpress);
      bottom.getChildren().add(btVerify);

      bottomBox.getChildren().add(bottom);
      bottomBox.getChildren().add(display);

      btVerify.setOnAction(
            (ActionEvent e) ->
            {
               String regex = ("[^0-9]+");
               String[] inputIntegers = tfExpress.getText().split(regex);

              // expInput.removeIf(p-> p.equals(signs));
               ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
               temp.add(new Integer(card1.CardValue()));
               temp.add(new Integer(card2.CardValue()));
               temp.add(new Integer(card3.CardValue()));
               temp.add(new Integer(card4.CardValue()));

               if(inputIntegers.length != 0)
               {
                  if (inputIntegers.length != 0) {
                     for (String s : inputIntegers) {
                        if (!s.equals(""))
                           temp.remove(new Integer(Integer.valueOf(s)));
                     }
                  }
               }

               if(temp.isEmpty())
               {
                  if(evaluateExpression(tfExpress.getText()) == 24){
                     display.setText("Correct");
                  }
                  else
                     display.setText("Incorrect");
               }
               else
                  display.setText("The numbers in the expression don't "
                     + "match the numbers in the set.");
            });

      pane.setTop(top);
      pane.setCenter(center);
      pane.setBottom(bottomBox);

      Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
      primaryStage.setTitle("24 card game");
      primaryStage.setScene(scene);
      primaryStage.show();
   }

   public boolean Twentyfour(boolean par){
   //some people play the game with or without parentheses.
      this.par=par;

      return par;
   }

   /** Evaluate an expression */
   public static int evaluateExpression(String expression) {
    // Create operandStack to store operands
      Stack<Integer> operandStack = new Stack<Integer>();

    // Create operatorStack to store operators
      Stack<Character> operatorStack = new Stack<Character>();

    // Insert blanks around (, ), +, -, /, and *
      expression = insertBlanks(expression);

    // Extract operands and operators
      String[] tokens = expression.split(" ");

    // Phase 1: Scan tokens
      for (String token: tokens) {
         if (token.length() == 0) // Blank space
            continue; // Back to the while loop to extract the next token
         else if (token.charAt(0) == '+' || token.charAt(0) == '-') {
         // Process all +, -, *, / in the top of the operator stack
            while (!operatorStack.isEmpty() &&
            (operatorStack.peek() == '+' ||
            operatorStack.peek() == '-' ||
            operatorStack.peek() == '*' ||
            operatorStack.peek() == '/')) {
               processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack);
            }

         // Push the + or - operator into the operator stack
            operatorStack.push(token.charAt(0));
         }
         else if (token.charAt(0) == '*' || token.charAt(0) == '/') {
         // Process all *, / in the top of the operator stack
            while (!operatorStack.isEmpty() &&
            (operatorStack.peek() == '*' ||
            operatorStack.peek() == '/')) {
               processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack);
            }

         // Push the * or / operator into the operator stack
            operatorStack.push(token.charAt(0));
         }
         else if (token.trim().charAt(0) == '(') {
            operatorStack.push('('); // Push '(' to stack
         }
         else if (token.trim().charAt(0) == ')') {
         // Process all the operators in the stack until seeing '('
            while (operatorStack.peek() != '(') {
               processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack);
            }

            operatorStack.pop(); // Pop the '(' symbol from the stack
         }
         else { // An operand scanned
         // Push an operand to the stack
            operandStack.push(new Integer(token));
         }
      }

    // Phase 2: process all the remaining operators in the stack
      while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()) {
         processAnOperator(operandStack, operatorStack);
      }

    // Return the result
      return operandStack.pop();
   }

  /** Process one operator: Take an operator from operatorStack and
   *  apply it on the operands in the operandStack */
   public static void processAnOperator(
      Stack<Integer> operandStack, Stack<Character> operatorStack) {
      char op = operatorStack.pop();
      int op1 = operandStack.pop();
      int op2 = operandStack.pop();
      if (op == '+')
         operandStack.push(op2 + op1);
      else if (op == '-')
         operandStack.push(op2 - op1);
      else if (op == '*')
         operandStack.push(op2 * op1);
      else if (op == '/')
         operandStack.push(op2 / op1);
   }

   public static String insertBlanks(String s) {
      String result = "";

      for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
      {
         if (s.charAt(i) == '(' || s.charAt(i) == ')' ||
          s.charAt(i) == '+' || s.charAt(i) == '-' ||
          s.charAt(i) == '*' || s.charAt(i) == '/')
            result += " " + s.charAt(i) + " ";
         else
            result += s.charAt(i);
      }

      return result;
   }

   public class Card extends Pane {
      public int cardVal;
      Card(int card){
         Image cardImage;
         cardImage = new Image("card/"+ card +".png");
         getChildren().add(new ImageView(cardImage));
         cardVal = card;
      }

      public int CardValue(){
         int card = 0;

         if(cardVal <= 13){
            card = cardVal;
         }
         else if(cardVal > 13 && cardVal <= 26){
            card = cardVal - 13;
         }
         else if(cardVal > 26 && cardVal <= 39){
            card = cardVal - 26;
         }
         else if(cardVal > 39 && cardVal <= 52){
            card = cardVal - 39;
         }

         return card;
      }
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      launch(args);
   }
}

A: An enum could help here.
I'm not sure I have it complete as I am not sure I have implemented all of the possible bracketing but it looks complete to me now.
enum Op {

    Add("+") {

                @Override
                int op(int a, int b) {
                    return a + b;
                }

            },
    Sub("-") {

                @Override
                int op(int a, int b) {
                    return a - b;
                }

            },
    Mul("*") {

                @Override
                int op(int a, int b) {
                    return a * b;
                }

            },
    Div("/") {

                @Override
                int op(int a, int b) {
                    // Insane value for / 0 to ensure unlikely to match.
                    return b != 0 ? a / b : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                }

            };
    final String asString;

    Op(String asString) {
        this.asString = asString;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return asString;
    }

    abstract int op(int a, int b);
}

private void tryAllOrders(int a, int b, int c, int d, Op op1, Op op2, Op op3, int target) {
    if (op3.op(op2.op(op1.op(a, b), c), d) == target) {
        System.out.println("    ((" + a + op1 + b + ")" + op2 + c + ")" + op3 + d + "=" + target);
    }
    if (op3.op(op1.op(a, op2.op(b, c)), d) == target) {
        System.out.println("    (" + a + op1 + "(" + b + op2 + c + "))" + op3 + d + "=" + target);
    }
    if (op2.op(op1.op(a, b), op3.op(c, d)) == target) {
        System.out.println("    (" + a + op1 + b + ")" + op2 + "(" + c + op3 + d + ")=" + target);
    }
    if (op1.op(a, op3.op(op2.op(b, c), d)) == target) {
        System.out.println("    " + a + op1 + "((" + b + op2 + c + ")" + op3 + d + ")=" + target);
    }
    if (op1.op(a, op2.op(b, op3.op(c, d))) == target) {
        System.out.println("    " + a + op1 + "(" + b + op2 + "(" + c + op3 + d + "))=" + target);
    }
}

private void tryAllOps(int a, int b, int c, int d, int target) {
    for (Op op1 : Op.values()) {
        for (Op op2 : Op.values()) {
            for (Op op3 : Op.values()) {
                tryAllOrders(a, b, c, d, op1, op2, op3, target);
            }
        }
    }
}

public void test() {
    int target = 24;
    for (int a = 1; a <= 13; a++) {
        for (int b = 1; b <= 13; b++) {
            for (int c = 1; c <= 13; c++) {
                for (int d = 1; d <= 13; d++) {
                    tryAllOps(a, b, c, d, target);
                }

            }

        }
    }
}

It prints:
((1+1)+1)*8=24
(1+(1+1))*8=24
(1+1)*(1+11)=24
((1+1)*1)*12=24
(1+(1*1))*12=24
(1+1)*(1*12)=24
...
7+((11*8)/5)=24
((7+11)*8)/6=24
((7-11)+8)*6=24
(7-(11-8))*6=24
((7+11)/8)*12=24
(7/(11-8))*12=24
...
((13/13)*13)+11=24
(13/13)*(13+11)=24
(13/(13/13))+11=24
((13+13)/13)*12=24
(13-(13/13))+12=24
13-((13/13)-12)=24

There's a total of 67,752 results.

A: Ah, combinatorics!
First of all, do one calculation by hand: How many combinations are there?

*

*Each variable can only be used once.

*The order of the variables matter (this can be seen as the parenthesis)

*Between each variable is a mathematical operation, one of + - * /, each operation can be used more than once.

Four variables, ordered, creates \$4! = 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 24\$ combinations.
The different mathematical operations creates \$4^3 = 64\$ combinations.
This makes a total of \$64 * 24 = 1536\$ combinations. That's not too much, so brute-forcing is acceptable.
One approach:
This is a recursive way of choosing a variable and an operator, and adding it to the result.
Note that this is just an example approach, and has not been tested, it will require some adjustment by you to get it to working correctly.
void result(List<Variable> remaining, List<Variable> used, List<Operator> operatorsUsed, int current) {
    for (Variable variable : remaining) {
        for (Operator operation : operators) {
            int newValue = operation.perform(current, variable.getValue());
            List<Variable> copy = new ArrayList<>(variables);
            copy.remove(variable);
            List<Operator> usedOps = new ArrayList<>(operatorsUsed);
            usedOps.add(operation);
            int result = result(copy, newValue);
            if (result == 24) {
                 solfield.setText(createString(used, operatorsUsed));
            }
        }
    }
}

A: 9216 different equations - 6 spots for parentheses (given a 1 b 2 c 3 d, operations happen in 6 different orders), 64 (4x4x4) different cases of operators and 24 different number orderings.
Clearly you can't write these by hand.
What you can do, however, is manually define each of these classes and have three for-loops, each iterating through their list of operations.
For the actual implementation, I think strategy pattern would be best as it allows you to divide the problem into small chunks.
... This is a brute force solution though, I think there must be something better...


A Greek Orthodox Church in Hama, Syria.
Map of places in Syria with significant Christian populations.
Eastern Orthodoxy in Syria represents Christians in Syria who are adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox and 'Greek' Catholic (Arabic: المسيحية الشرقية في سوريا) tradition is represented in Syria by two distinct albeit historically and culturally related Byzantine communities: the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch,[note 1] the largest and oldest Christian community in the country, closely followed by the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, itself a Uniate offshoot of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.
1 Dual self-designation: "Melkites" and "Eastern Romans"
Members of these communities in Syria and the Hatay province of Turkey (formerly part of Northern Syria), still call themselves Rûm which means "Eastern Roman" or "Asian Greek" in Arabic, both referring to the i.e. Byzantine inheritance, and indeed they follow its central Greek language version of the Constantinian or Byzantine Rite.
In that particular context, the term "Rûm" is used in preference to "Yāwāni" or "Ionani" which means "European-Greek" or Ionian in Biblical Hebrew and Classical Arabic.
Members of these communities also call themselves "Melkites", which literally means "monarchists" or "supporters of the emperor" in Semitic languages (a reference to their ancient allegiance to Macedonian and Roman imperial rule), but, in the modern era, the term tends to be more commonly used by followers of the Greek Catholic Church of Antioch.
These churches also exist in other parts of the Middle-East, notably Southern Turkey, Lebanon and Northern Israel and some Greek Orthodox intellectuals have been noted in the past for their secularist "pan-Arab" or "pan-Syrian" leanings, notably during the colonial and post-colonial eras. The Greek Orthodox Christians also have a long and continuous association with Orthodox Christian European nations such as Greece, Cyprus, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania.
Dawoud Rajiha - Syrian Minister of Defense from 2011 to 2012.
^ Helms, Christine Moss (1984). Iraq: Eastern Flank of the Arab World. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0815735557.
^ "Syria's Assad replaces defense minister with army chief of staff". Ha'aretz. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
This page was last edited on 16 January 2019, at 12:46 (UTC).


text:
'Dutch only at work' : Discrimination or reasonable?
Meauraine van Gorp
Language requirements at work: a form of discrimination or reasonable selection? The following article provides an analysis that helps to determine your opinion regarding this matter.
What about the Dutch at work policy?
When recently looking for a job, I noticed that all vacancies for civil servants were in Dutch. It was not simply because the job openings websites were in Dutch, but also because they were looking for Dutch speaking employees only. Some of the institutions very explicitly demanded a fully adequate proficiency in Dutch. These demands make one wonder, whether such criteria should still be allowed in the globalized time of today.
The policy regarding language requirements at work has no clear-cut rules in the Netherlands. The constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands says that all persons in the Netherlands shall be treated equally in equal circumstances. Discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, political opinion, race or sex or any other grounds whatsoever shall not be permitted. Discrimination, therefore, is not making a distinction as such, but rather making a forbidden distinction. This means that there is a difference within the concept of distinction. The Equal Rights Amendment describes this difference as follows:
Direct distinction: treating someone differently because of personal characteristics. This is always forbidden, unless the law makes an exception.
Indirect distinction: if a neutral provision, rule or practice has specific consequences for a group of people with one of the characteristics or properties mentioned in the constitution in comparison with others. This is also prohibited, unless there is an objective justification, for example when a job is too dangerous for pregnant women.
© https://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja...
A certain distinction is allowed when there is an objective justification. An objective justification is very clear in some cases, for example when applying for a job as a bus driver when you don't have a driver's license. However, in the situation of language proficiency, this becomes questionable. When is it justified to reject an applicant based on one's language skills? Let's first take a look at three examples of jobs that at first sight seem to represent an objective justification of distinction when it comes to language:
Police officer - a police officer in the Netherlands having a lack of competence in Dutch can lead to dangerous situations; for example when she or he cannot communicate with citizens in case of an emergency.
Receptionist - a receptionist who is unintelligible on the telephone, because of his or her foreign accent for example, cannot fulfill the tasks of the job properly.
Team manager - not being able to communicate with the members of the team, makes it impossible to manage them.
Examples such as these look objective, but are they really? When is someone a fully proficient speaker? Such questions are at the basis of this article, in which I explore the issue of language requirements in job application procedures. This will be analyzed by looking at different evolutions of society. The complex interplay of economic, political, technological and social evolutions leads to ideological shifts and, therefore, helps one to understand the reasoning behind language demands such as these.
The effects of neoliberalism
One of the evolutions that influenced the value of the Dutch language is neoliberalism. This is a way of governing led by the idea of the free market. In this society, people's value is determined by their 'capital'. Foucault (2008) explains this by using the illustration that the economy is, in fact, a game. Everyone should be able to play along with this game. However, one can also ensure that he has a stronger position. According to this neoliberal rationality, the player is an entrepreneur, an entrepreneur of himself; he is his own producer and he is the source of his income. The player represents a human capital that can be used to earn an income (Foucault, 2008, p.236). This capital contains a (1) genetic human capital, consisting of hereditary elements (which may also work in someone's disadvantage), and (2) acquired human capital consisting of voluntarily acquired elements. The neoliberal government lays the focus on acquired human capital, which can be improved for example by investing in education. Following this rationality, the individual himself is responsible for obtaining a certain income. In today's society, because of their human capital, people are ranked according to both genetic (in the form of racism) and acquired human capital as 'good' or 'bad' citizens. If someone does not have a job, for example. this is seen as ones 'own fault' and this person may be considered lazy or irresponsible.
When we use this approach, how can we classify something as a language? Which language one speaks, is in most cases a result of their place of birth. Of course, one can also learn a language at a later age, however, this will never be your mother tongue. Therefore, it is difficult to say whether a language is a genetic or an acquired human capital, since it can be a combination of both. Nevertheless, it is clear that speaking a language is an aspect of the human capital.
Bourdieu makes some similar remarks with his notions of the linguistic habitus (Bourdieu, 1981) and the linguistic marketplace (Bourdieu, 1991). The habitus means that there is a ''set of dispositions" at play, that lead the manner of action and reaction of the individual. This results in both practices and attitudes and is derived from the social background of the individual, leading to similarities in people from the same social class (Spolsky, 2004). With the marketplace Bourdieu (1991) indicates that individuals function in a field or market, struggling generally to preserve or improve their positions. A combination of both habitus and marketplace governs language behavior as well as judgements about the value of languages and styles (Spolsky, 2004).
The sources of the capital consist of the social assets a person has (e.g. education, intellect, language) and that have the capacity to promote social mobility in a stratified society. Therefore, the knowledge of a language can be considered as one's linguistic capital, with which one trades on the linguistic market (Bourdieu, 1991). A good mastery of the Dutch language is viewed as pivotal to success and can 'upscale' one's life by triggering positive consequences (Spotti, 2011; Spotti & Kurvers, 2015). When the knowledge of a particular language, or a particular social or geographical variety of a language, does not 'sell' well, it can be expected that this language (or variety) is going to lose its market share (Tandefelt, 1992). In other words, Bourdieu saw language as a market of symbolic (although real) capital and power, with people striving for profit and with some people structurally having less capital than others (Blommaert, 2010). This 'bad' spot on the marketplace can cause language shift into a language that is more easily 'sold'.
The sources or the capital consist of the social assets a person has (e.g. education, intellect, language) and that have the capacity to promote social mobility in a stratified society.
Both of these studies reveal the tendency of present day society to commodify citizenship. In other words, people are 'dehumanized' and presented as an enterprise consisting of human capital. They are, as it were, a kind of merchandise whose market value is seen as truth. So there is a differentiation of citizens between those with high asset value and those with low asset value. The person with a low asset value is, according to neoliberalism, held responsible because "one could have invested in his acquired human capital".
The neoliberal state also uses nationalism to create the unity of the nation. In nationalism the importance of the nation, with its traditions, values, and norms, is paramount. That nation, with its leaders and its people, must at all times be preserved. As a result, the freedom of the individual is subordinated to social discipline and the moral order of the nation (Maly, 2018). This is an ideological phase in which people do not differ so much ethnically or biologically, but differ in culture. This culture consists of, among others, the national language. Hence, there is a strong connection between being Dutch and speaking Dutch. Being able to speak the national language functions as a prerequisite for being considered a citizen.
Hence, there is a strong connection between being Dutch and speaking Dutch.
Why are these evolutions, neoliberalism and nationalism, important in understanding the reasoning behind language requirements at work? It shows the origin of today's society in which one expects another to obtain the skills necessary for a job, like being able to speak Dutch fluently, and when one does not have these skills, then this is one's own fault and it is therefore justified to reject the job applicant. Nevertheless, one can argue whether this idea of 'one state, one language and one homogenous group of people' is still applicable in the current situation. The next section will demonstrate this skepticism by using the notion of superdiversity.
Superdiversity and its implications
Superdiversity is a phenomenon caused by globalization. Globalization means that there is an interconnectedness of large parts of the globe within systems of political, economic and cultural flows and networks. It is important to note that globalization is not a new phenomenon; large parts of the world were already connected by networks and flows a long time ago. Nevertheless, the current stage of globalization leading to superdiversity is unique. Superdiversity is a term coined by Steven Vertovec (2010) that indicates that there is a 'diversity within diversity'. This superdiversity has increased by two forces (Blommaert, 2012).
The first force is the ending of the cold war in 1991, when boundaries were erased, which led to a fundamental change in the 'order' of the world. After the ending of this conflict, it was not only possible to interact with people from the (no longer existing) other camp, but also to move to the other camp. In general, more people from more places migrated into more and different places and for more and different reasons and motives than before (Vertovec, 2010), which resulted in more diverse ethnic, social, cultural and economic societies almost everywhere (Blommaert, 2012). Hence, superdiversity is characterized by an immense increase in the categories of migrants (Vertovec, 2010). In other words, we can no longer only use the 'big' variables (ethnicity, nationality, religion, social class and so forth) in order to describe a group (Blommaert, 2011).
The governments ended up in a crisis: how do they deal with a society that consists of a rapidly changing, unstable, complex and hybrid social reality?
The second force is the invention of different technological products, like technologies of movement and the Internet, which made mobility easier. This new form of long-distance technology that was invented around the same time as the ending of the cold war (Blommaert, 2012) made it possible to communicate with people from other places without having to move physically. This causes that people can be in two different places at the same time, i.e., transnationalism (Vertovec, 2007). Transnationalism is the process by which immigrants build social fields that link together their country of origin and their country of settlement (Schiller, Basch & Blanc-Szanton, 1992). One can now be anywhere and still be in another network (Vertovec, 2004).
As a result of globalization, Dutch society nowadays consists of different communities, networks, and flows that are unpredictable and unknown. Where there once was a clear image of what a Dutch citizen is, superdiversity has made such images invalid. This shift resulted in the need to look beyond the boundaries of the existing analytical categories of the social sciences. In other words, the assertion of 'one nation, one language and one homogenous group of people' does not describe the reality anymore. The number of languages spoken in the country, for example, shows that Dutch citizens do no longer exclusively speak Dutch.
Globalization everywhere
These new demographic and social patterns leading to superdiversity had major consequences for the social sciences, but also for politics. Governments ended up in a crisis: how do they deal with a society that consists of a rapidly changing, unstable, complex and hybrid social reality? In other words, the globalization processes have made nation states, their static cultures and their separated languages weaker than ever. Additionally, questions about the capacity of nation state bureaucracies to manage migration have been raised. The national order is now preserved as something being under threat, which consequently resulted in the setting up of other kinds of borders.
Society took a new policy direction towards 'diversity', which can be called post-multiculturalism. Gozdecka, Ercan & Kmak (2014) describe that post-multiculturalism seems to run parallel with neoliberalism. In post-multiculturalism, the focus is on safety, social cohesion, and citizenship. By focusing on these concepts a coherent and homogeneous concept of citizenship is realized again. There is, as it were, a representation of a 'right' and 'good' citizen who is linked to certain characteristics. Someone who behaves according to the norms of Dutch culture and speaks Dutch may be perceived as a 'good' citizen, for example, whereas someone who does not abide to these conditions may be considered a 'bad' citizen. The approach to diversity is, therefore, more about gaining access to the practices and strategies of the identification of people than about liberating those who are discriminated against or marginalized on the basis of some aspect of their identity, physical dispositions or lifestyle (Gozdecka, Ercan & Kmak, 2014). An identity may be deduced by one's level of proficiency in a language, for instance. However, whether someone is proficient is not an objective given. The next section will deal with this issue.
When am I a proficient Dutch speaker?
The implications of globalization for language and sociolinguistics are that one cannot look at language and society, but must look at language in society. Language has changed in the age of globalization. As soon as linguistic semiotic products start traveling across the globe, they travel across different orders of indexicality, and what counts as a 'good language' in one place can easily become a 'bad language' in another (Blommaert, 2010). In other words, the usage of language and the meaning of a language depend on factors such as time and place, e.g., the prestige and meaning of a language can be different at different places. The mobility of certain sociolinguistic resources invokes different histories of meaning and function, and intertextually projects these historical features onto current acts of communication (Blommaert, 2010). When they are used in different places, they draw on locally available histories. As a result of certain incidents, the discussion of which is beyond the scope of this article, speaking English, for example, has a higher prestige and is more valued than speaking Arabic.
This means that one is or will become what one speaks, and speaking transforms one into what is indexically suggested by the way of talking.
Moreover, as Agha (2007) explains, whether one is perceived as a proficient Dutch speaker can be determined by small and very specific bits of language, e.g. an accent. These are called 'meta-pragmatic judgements': the way people are framed in certain categories, like proficient or not proficient. Blommaert (2010) explains that, since the dislocation of language from the fixed position in time and space attributed to them, language needs to be seen as a phenomenon that occurs on different scale-levels. Mobility across these different scales involves important shifts in function, structure, and meaning. These shifts contain the reordering of normativity: linguistic resources move through different orders of indexicality, and every move involves a different set of indexical potentials for resources (Blommaert, 2010). Orders of indexicality are stratified patterns of social meaning, often called 'norms' or 'rules', to which people abide when communicating (Blommaert, 2005; 2012). Therefore, this explains how the usage of certain semiotics results in an identity construction. For instance, someone speaking Dutch with an English accent may be perceived as a sophisticated person, while someone having a Turkish accent is negatively associated. Here, again, one can debate the significance of such identity constructions.
Silverstein (2006) makes a comparable observation with his notion 'semiotic consubstantiality'. This means that one is or will become what one speaks, and speaking transforms one into what is indexically suggested by the way of talking. However, this is not an objective judgement since it is debatable whether one way of speaking is proficient Dutch and another isn't. It may be that one grammatically speaks perfect Dutch, but that one's pronunciation deviates from the (subjective) norm of proper pronunciation. In other words, it creates the problem of enoughness: when are one's language skills enough? Not being able to reach this level can get one excluded from certain things, such as a job.
Is implicit language policy fair?
To sum up these observations, in today's Dutch society people who speak Dutch fluently are higher valued than those who do not. Speaking this language, when living in the Netherlands, is recommended since it can give one a better position in playing the economic game (neoliberalism by Foucault). However, Dutch is not a common language in the rest of the world. This means that if one is not born in the Netherlands there is only a small chance that one learns this language. Additionally, when not learning it at a young age, one can never become a native speaker. Even if one manages to learn the language at a later age, there is still the possibility that one's pronunciation exposes that one is not a native speaker, which may endanger one's chances of getting a job. Furthermore, even though technological innovations have increased the opportunities for mobility, there are also people structurally having less "capital" than others, who cannot enjoy the positive sides of globalization. These people cannot comply with certain demands.
Besides, one's language is not a display of one's qualities.
Imagine a man who studied and worked in another country, but had to flee to a safer country as a result of war. In his home country, he worked as a manager of the whole marketing department of a big commercial business. He was very good at his job, however, it was not safe staying there, so he made the difficult choice to leave the country. When finally arriving in the Netherlands, he had to undergo all kinds of procedures but managed to get a visa (note: not everyone does). To get this, he had to learn the basics of Dutch, but this was not a problem for him, he had always been good at learning a new language. Considering he was used to working a lot, he started looking for jobs. He translated vacancies and applied to the ones he liked. However, he faced rejection after rejection. Since money became scarce, he had to adjust his expectations and started applying for jobs that he did not really like. However, he kept being rejected. He ended up taking a job as a bartender. It is not that he thinks less of bartenders, but he just wished he could perform the jobs that he knows he would be very good at.
If you judge a book by it's cover, you might miss out on an amazing story
The ones rejecting the imagined person above may not intentionally want to discriminate him, however, with requirements such as Dutch-only selection criteria, they implicitly do. There is no direct discrimination based on nationality, race or gender. Nevertheless, the requirement may indirectly still have a discriminatory effect. One can wonder whether it is okay to demand a certain language in the age of superdiversity. Besides, one's language is not a display of one's qualities. On the other side, it is understandable that some jobs require a certain language. Nevertheless, it is unfortunate that talents get wasted in the process and that people get excluded because of factors that may be out of one's control. The ideal situation would be to offer people the possibility to improve their language skills while being on the job. However, this would be an unrealistic expectation because of practical and financial elements. I do believe that policies regarding this matter could try to encourage employers to hire because of qualities instead of predetermined elements.
Agha, A. (2007). Language and Social Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity At Large. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Blommaert, J. (2010). The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Blommaert, J. (2011). Language and Superdiversity. Language and Superdiversities. Special Issue Diversities Journal, 13(2), 1-23.
Blommaert, J. (2012). Chronicles of complexity: Ethnography, superdiversity, and linguistic landscapes. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies 29.
Bourdieu, P. (1981). Structures, strategies, and habitus. French sociology, rupture, and renewal since 1968. New York: Columbia University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2001). Uniting to better dominate. Items and Issues 2(3-4), 1-6.
Foucault, M. (2008). Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France 1978–1979. Edited by M. Senellart, translated by G. Burchell. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gozdecka, D.A., Ercan, S.A. & Kmak, M. (2014). From multiculturalism to post-multiculturalism: Trends and paradoxes. Journal of Sociology, 50(1), 51-64.
Pinxten, R., De Munter, K. (2010). De culturele eeuw. Basisboek culturele antropologie. Leuven/Den Haag: Acco.
Schiller, N. G., Basch, L., & Blanc-Szanton, C. (1992). Transnationalism: A new analytic framework for understanding migration. Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 645(1), 1-24.
Silverstein, M. (2006). Old wine, new ethnographic lexicography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 35: 481-496
Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy. Cambridge University Press.
Spotti, M. (2011). Ideologies of success for Superdiverse Citizens: the Dutch Testing Regime for Integration and the Online Private Sector. Language and Superdiversities. Special Issue Diversities Journal, 13(2): 39-52
Spotti, M., & Kurvers, J. (2015). ICT based applications for civic integration in The Netherlands. In J. Simpson & A. Whiteside (eds.), Adult language education and migration: Challenging agendas in policy and practice. London: Routledge, 187-199.
Tandefelt, M. (1992). Some linguistic consequences of the shift from Swedish to Finnish in Finland. In W. Fase, K. Jaspaert & S.Kroon (eds.), Maintenance and loss of minority languages, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 149-168.
Vertovec, S. (2004). Migrant transnationalism and modes of transformation. International Migration Review, 38(3): 970-1001
Vertovec, S (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6).
Vertovec, S. (2010). Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities, contexts and conditions of diversity. International Social Science Journal, 199, 83-95.
Master student Global Communication - School of Humanities - Tilburg University
Policies on language in a superdivers world
Sjaak Kroon
Post-Multiculturalism
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Grovelands Court is an independent living scheme for the elderly and consists of 29 flats in Grove, Wantage. Today, one of the ladies had a fall on the footpath at the side of the property. She was coming back from the co-op when her walker got caught in the ruts and raised pavement causing her to fall into the mud . A large tree is the cause of the footpaths unevenness, as it is lifting the tarmac. Many of the residents at Grovelands Court have complained in the past about the state of this footpath. In view of the fact that the residetns living here are elderly, I would appreciate if you would investigate and rectify the footpath before someone is seriously hurt by falling/stumbling. Thank you for your assistance and I look forward to your response soon.


text:
Q: Typescript assign a variable of multi type containing OR ( | ) to single type variable I have a variable that has type of number or string. How can I assign its value to a variable that accepts number only?
const id:Record<string, string|number> = {name:3}
let num: Record<string, number>;

num = id; //Shows error here

I know there can be javascript work arounds like writing
a conversion function, but I am learning Typescript and want to know if there are keywords or typescript specific solutions that are meant to be used in such cases, like as Record<string,number>... that can cast it, instead of type assertion
Here is a link to the code on Typescript playground

A: It looks like you already answered your question, you can cast with the as keyword.
num = id as number

If you wanted to get fancy you could check the id's type with typeof so something like this
if (typeof id === 'number') {
  number = id
}

A: You can use TypeScript 3.7's Assertion Functions, to enforce the checks in the code that didn't eliminated the wrong type:
const id:Record<string, string|number> = {name:"3"}
let num: Record<string,string>;

//the code logic safely leads to this line only if "id" contains a number value

declare function isNumId(id: Record<string, string | number>): asserts id is Record<string, string>;

isNumId(id);
num = id; // No longer shows error here

Of course, it might be simpler to just tell TS that we are sure of the type:
num = id as Record<string, string>; // No longer shows error here

A: The Typescript playground link is bit different than what's in the question:
    const id:Record<string, string|number> = {name:"3"}
    let num: Record<string,string>;

    //the code logic safely leads to this line only if "id" contains a number value

    num = id; //shows error here

But anyway, there are two quick ways to deal with it:
    //One solution:

    const id2:Record<string, string> | Record<string,number> = {name:"3"}
    let num2: Record<string,string>;
    num2 = id2;

    //Antoher solution:

    const id3:Record<string, string|number> = {name:"3"}
    let num3: Record<string,string>;
    num3 = id as Record<string,string>;

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/LAKAkAxg9gdgzgFwAQEsAmAuASgU2gJzQB5F8UYBzAGiVPIoB8YBXAWwCMd8A+JAXiQBvGAENWODACIAzJIC+oMABscyFqwxJcBYnUpU9FbgG5QigPTmEACxxJoaO0qgUUEWiIBmOJQE8kKiJocEgIUKHWKCFK5HawfqieSJLokvawCCLkISJI6pz4SABuIkrMOGbg6vyoaMZIlnDWUADuIVz4UIW2+BUglWCWAPIwdnBQZQgosBiKitDwyOgATNh4XboIZPq0W-S8DFrrhCR7+vlcvALCYhIy8ooqamyrRzqn29SGJmCK6ss1FamfogwbmACCMDCPVoE2YUxmAwWiFq0jW70MNEMTDYBSuQlE4iksgU4CeeTYaLeGw+9AMZyMwLA6mkgLQSBEIW0NMx33qlSAA

A: Just use Number().
TypeScript provides static type checking, but those types don't have any effect at runtime. Doing something like as asserts to TypeScript about a variable's type, but it will not actually perform a "cast." If you want your string to be parsed into a number, this will not work.


Whenever people talk about having too many lemons on their lemon trees I'm green with envy.
It pays to have a friend with a lemon tree!
When my friend told me to take as many lemons as I wanted I immediately thought about making lemon curd. Then I thought, why not cupcakes? So lemon meringue cupcakes it was!
If you're short on time (or lemons) you can use a store bought variety of lemon curd like Barkers. Nothing beats the real deal though! You'll need to make it in advance so it has time to cool and thicken, I made mine the day before.
Put all ingredients in a small pot over a medium heat and whisk until butter is completely melted and ingredients and combined.
Use a wooden spoon to stir consistently while mixture thickens, take care not to let it boil.
When mixture thickens and coats the back of a spoon easily it is ready.
Cover with plastic wrap so that it touches the curd (to stop a layer of skin forming on top).
Refrigerate until cold, at least one hour, or overnight if possible.
Preheat oven to 180 degrees C and line a muffin tin with cupcake cases.
Gradually beat in sugar and continue beating until light and fluffy.
Add lemon zest and mix until combined.
Add eggs one at a time, making sure to beat well after each addition. The mixture will look separated, don't worry it'll go back to normal soon!
Sift flour and baking powder together in a separate bowl.
Add dry ingredients and milk in three additions, starting and finishing with the dry ingredients.
Stir in coconut and mix until combined.
Spoon mixture into cupcakes cases.
Bake for 10 - 12 minutes or until skewer inserted comes out clean.
Leave in the tin for 5 minutes then turn out onto a cooling rack to cool completely.
Using a small sharp knife, cut a hole in the centre of each cupcake and discard the tops (that means eat them).
Make sure all equipment is completely oil free by washing it hot soapy water and drying completely before starting.
Using the whisk attachment, beat egg whites on a medium speed until soft peaks form.
Gradually add the sugar, one spoon at a time.
Continue to mix for about 10 minutes, or until stiff peaks form and mixture is thick and glossy.
Spoon lemon curd into cupcake holes, about 1 - 2 teaspoons should fill it up.
Spoon meringue into a piping bag fitted with large round tip.
Pipe meringue on cupcakes over top of the curd and place on oven tray.
Bake about 5 -8 minutes or until lightly browned, alternatively brown the edges of the meringue with a brulee torch.