text:
Related Expertise: Education, Media Industry, Innovation Strategy and Delivery
The Digital Disruption of Education Publishing
How Online Learning Is Reshaping the Industry's Ecosystem
30 January 2014 By Allison Bailey, Peter Davis, Tyce Henry, and Kristen Loureiro
The U.S. education-publishing industry is undergoing a profound change. The shift to online learning is swiftly altering the competitive environment. Educators, students, parents, entrepreneurs, and politicians alike are looking for new ways to harness technology to improve student achievement, reduce costs, and deliver a more customized learning experience.
Meanwhile, a host of emerging companies are breaking down the boundaries between segments of the market in everything from curriculum and assessment to delivery and analytics, giving rise to potential new partners, competitors, and platforms. Publishers are vying with both traditional companies and online upstarts for a place in the digital ecosystem of education—not just the network of companies, individual contributors, institutions, and customers that interact to create mutual value, but also the technical platforms that allow devices, applications, data, products, and services to work together in new ways. (See "The Age of Digital Ecosystems: Thriving in a World of Big Data," BCG article, July 2013.)
In this fast-changing environment, publishers face a once-in-a-decade chance to expand their share of the $1 trillion currently spent on education in the U.S. each year by adapting their existing offerings to the digital realm and expanding into markets opening up on the edges of their current business. A few publishers are well on their way on this journey, but most lag behind.
The Challenges Facing the Industry
Publishers were once protected from competition by high barriers to entry. They had the relationships with authors, knowledge of buying processes, and distribution clout to ensure their position—and their dominant market share. But their positions are now under attack as the business shifts toward digital content and away from a reliance on print textbooks. (See Exhibit 1.) The beneficiaries have been classroom-oriented testing companies and providers of practical tools that supplement core instruction, along with educational software and courseware builders, which have provided schools and colleges with greater flexibility in meeting varied learning needs.
The world in which publishers operate is rapidly going digital. In U.S. higher education, online courses already account for about 14 percent of total enrollment. Nearly one-third of undergraduates took at least one online course in 2012, up from just one in ten in 2000. (See Exhibit 2.) Traditional universities, which long resisted online education, are now actively experimenting with digital platforms. The university systems of Maryland, Minnesota, and Texas either require or have proposed that anywhere from 10 to 25 percent of credits be earned through alternative modes such as online learning. Some universities have formed partnerships with operators in the "massively open online course" (MOOC) market, while others are offering or developing their own online degree programs. Meanwhile, an entire industry has sprouted up to help institutions expand their online programs.
K–12 education is moving more slowly but is also gaining momentum. About 4 percent of K–12 students are taking online courses, although less than 1 percent of total enrollment is in fully online programs.
In short, the position of traditional education publishers is under threat. These companies are built around scale-based business models and capabilities designed for competition in a learning environment dominated by the printed book. Three trends are demanding that they change.
Digital distribution is undercutting print sales. From 2006 to 2011, price increases drove 3.3 percent annualized growth in higher-education revenue for new print textbooks. The ability to steadily raise prices demonstrates the pricing power associated with a consolidated industry in which purchasing options and price transparency were limited.
But all this has changed: used, rental, and e-book options, along with search and price discovery tools, are eating away at the new-book market. Alternatives to new textbooks, available through outlets such as Chegg and Amazon, are nearly half the price of print books sold at brick-and-mortar college bookstores. Most notably, book rentals have provided a lower-price alternative to used books, further eroding publishers' share of spending on instructional materials. The result is that the potential market for publishers—when narrowly defined in terms of textbooks and digital supplements—is virtually flat compared with 2008 levels. (See Exhibit 3.)
While publishers hope to offset these declines by increasing digital sales, their strategy has relied heavily on bundling digital homework supplements with new textbooks at prices only moderately more than the standalone price of a new book. The rise of used and rental sales potentially undercuts this strategy. Without the sale of a new book, publishers must sell homework supplements on a standalone basis, which forces them to prove the value of the digital components and adds pressure to price supplements aggressively to compensate for the expected decline in sales of new textbooks. Publishers also face resistance from students, many of whom are not inclined to buy materials that their professors do not mandate.
Amid such developments, publishers must find additional ways to shore up their traditional revenues over the short to medium term. This will ensure that they have the resources to invest in business models that will secure long-term success in the evolving digital landscape.
New content sources are proliferating. Institutions, professors, and students are demanding high-quality, up-to-date content with digital capabilities. They are experimenting with dynamic multimedia formats, modular course design, and customized and adaptive learning. Competition for these users has arisen from a proliferation of operators, including the following:
Open Educational Resource (OER) Providers. Organizations such as Khan Academy, BetterLesson, and Gooru offer increasingly sophisticated tools that enable teachers, students, and parents to find and customize high-quality resources at low or no cost. To date, publishers have largely been able to forestall this threat thanks to the "stickiness" of traditional content and the continuing perception of its superiority. For example, a recent survey of K–12 educators conducted by BCG for the Hewlett Foundation found that nearly half of those surveyed were not aware of OER, despite its presence on the scene for more than a decade. However, evidence suggests that this is changing. Of the K–12 educators who said they were aware of OER, 96 percent described themselves as "receptive" to it, and half expected to use more of these resources over the next three years.
Online-Courseware Creators. Organizations such as K12, Apex Learning, and Carnegie Mellon, as well as a range of MOOC providers, are producing their own courseware tailored to the digital environment. Besides incorporating multimedia resources, they are embedding educational assessments into their platforms, adapting the learning experience based on students' needs, and producing rich analyses of student data.
Some leading MOOC providers are avoiding traditional textbooks in order to keep courses open and free. According to the website of MOOC provider Udacity, "There are no required textbooks for Udacity courses, and the course content does not follow any textbook." When Udacity classes include readings, they link to supplemental texts embedded in the online course. In cases where MOOCs do recommend textbooks, the course development process often favors custom publishing. For example, a 2012 course from edX titled "Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python" offered, for $24.99, an optional custom textbook written by the instructor. MOOCs will no doubt open up a new market of casual learners for publishers, but they also represent a potential substitute for publishers' content. As more universities assess and recognize the value of MOOCs, the threat posed by these courses to traditional publishers will grow.
"Digital Native" Publishers and Self-Publishing Operators. Companies such as Flat World Knowledge have lower cost structures and often more flexible delivery options than traditional publishers. They offer customization tools to "build your own textbook" from a variety of preexisting and newly created content. And they feature a number of formats to suit the needs and preferences of different learners, including PDF, traditional print, and audio.
So far, most publishers have responded to these new sources of competition by simply transferring their print content into a digital format, in some cases incorporating basic multimedia features. To succeed, they will need to fundamentally rethink their value propositions to take full advantage of the digital medium and consider the entire educational experience.
Sales and distribution are changing. Traditional publishers have historically employed a product-oriented selling process based on long-term relationships. In higher education, salespeople have typically focused on professors and department heads. In K–12, sales teams have worked closely with state- or district-level selection committees over the course of extended textbook-adoption cycles.
With the shift to digital, the buying process, sales channels, and stakeholders involved are evolving to reflect the new products and services being sold. In higher education, purchasing often involves department heads, CIOs, and provosts, since the choices made can affect the entire school. In addition, schools require significant resources to sustain multiyear contracts for content, licensed software, or hosted systems. The selling strategies and relationships of the past must therefore be updated, as must the skills and training of the sales force.
In K–12, instructional-material adoption at the state level is opening up to more varied formats, including digital, often giving districts greater leeway in how they allocate funding. This has added new decision-makers to the selection process, including CIOs who are weighing in on the choice of learning platforms and software. Selling skills common in adjacent industries, such as solution selling by vendors of enterprise resource planning to colleges and universities, will likely prove increasingly valuable.
Students, parents, and teachers are also increasing their role in purchasing decisions. They can choose from more options than in the past, including rental and used books, as well as the OER and self-publishing options discussed above. And they are growing more demanding about what they will and will not purchase and at what price. Companies such as Kno, BetterLesson, and Gooru are capitalizing on these shifts by marketing directly to students, teachers, and parents, bypassing traditional institutional sales channels.
The common thread among all these stakeholders is the desire for improved student achievement and outcomes. Successful publishers will take a more iterative, solutions-based approach to the sales process by partnering with others to develop digital content. They will also redefine their existing, editorially focused sales practices to emphasize an integrated digital offering that combines curriculum and testing in order to ensure higher rates of student success.
Pearson's partnership with Arizona State University (ASU) demonstrates the power of using a solutions-based approach focused on improving student outcomes. Before the adoption of Pearson's curriculum, which is powered by Knewton's adaptive-learning platform, up to 15 percent of ASU freshmen were not ready for college-level math. In 2011, about 5,000 freshman took remedial-math courses using the Pearson-Knewton curriculum. Half of them completed the course a month early, while withdrawal rates dropped seven points and pass rates rose nine points.
Ultimately, smart publishers will focus on how their solutions can support and optimize student learning and achievements. They will see themselves as participants in the student outcomes business as well as in the publishing business.
Publishers' Last Stand?
Many observers see these threats as the death knell for education publishing. And the industry is no doubt being challenged. The four leading publishers with a presence in the U.S. (Pearson Education, McGraw-Hill Education, Cengage Learning, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt) all face profit pressures and strong headwinds hampering growth.
Other observers have drawn comparisons with the music and news-media industries, which were upended by digital technologies. They say that consumers could eventually download only the textbook chapters they need or shift en masse to inexpensive OER, causing textbooks to go the way of compact discs, which were disaggregated through downloads of individual songs. From 2004 to 2011, sales of physical music media dropped 75 percent, leaving a $5 billion hole in total company revenues. Similarly, the news media saw a dramatic erosion of its advertising-revenue base, with a $25 billion decline in revenues in 2011 compared with 2000. (See Transforming Print Media, BCG Focus, December 2012.)
However, we think education publishing is different. The industry has several advantages that it can use to transform its operating model and the way it goes to market. Many of these skills, capabilities, and assets were underappreciated in the old world of publishing but have become extremely valuable in a data-driven digital learning environment.
Instructional Design Skills. These capabilities are used to build pedagogically sound instructional programs and to assist authors in designing the learning objectives that students must achieve in order to master a subject area. In the coming digital learning ecosystem, editors are increasingly being transformed into instructional designers who create the learning plan that instructors bring to life.
Testing Skills. Publishers have deep expertise in devising test questions and other means of assessing learning. Testing results offer valuable feedback to instructors, as well as rich data that can feed into emerging models requiring adaptive and competency-based instruction.
Content Classification Systems. In the past, content was constructed in long strings of text. But in today's digital world, content must often be broken up into pieces. So-called content taxonomies provide the rules—the DNA code, so to speak—by which chunks of content can be assembled into a digital learning module, searched for, and flexibly reassembled to meet a particular student's needs. These systems can help in the design of "learning maps" that underpin the sequence and structure of instructional design and align content with a specific set of learning standards.
Well-Organized Content. Publishers can apply their classification systems to tag content with keywords and assemble modular banks of reusable content. In effect, they have produced the interoperable raw materials that can be assembled, like pieces of a puzzle, into today's next-generation digital products and services.
A Deep Understanding of Teachers and Students. Publishers have in-house a great deal of expertise about how teaching actually happens in the real world, because staff are often former teachers and teacher trainers. This knowledge can inform the development of best practices to identify good teachers, as well as be applied to designing products that will work in the classroom.
Powerful Institutional Relationships. Publishers have spent decades understanding the needs of decision makers at every level of K–12 and higher education. Their insights are invaluable in gaining access to customers for digital products and meeting their criteria for purchase.
These assets have significant value when adapted to the new learning ecosystem that is developing. Because the looming disruptions we have identified will not happen overnight, publishers have an opportunity to take advantage of existing cash flows to both strengthen these skills and partner with others in areas where new skills are needed to deliver next-generation learning solutions. The potential to use existing cash flows is particularly evident among higher-education publishers, whose EBITA margins have been attractive.
Four Pathways to the Future
Still, major strategic threats remain. Publishers cannot afford to sit on their heels. To thrive in the digital ecosystem of education, they need to make changes in their products, business models, and sales processes. Successful companies will take four key actions.
Realign Organizations and Workflows to Create Truly Digital-Native Content
Publishers should move from translating print textbooks into digital form to creating truly digital courses that take advantage of everything the medium has to offer. Rather than thinking in terms of e-textbooks, publishers need to develop "whole-course solutions" that deliver an entire class or instructional unit.
The most forward-thinking companies reimagine the entire content experience, rather than simply incorporating multimedia features into the traditional textbook. They build a "closed-loop instructional system"—a highly aligned set of educational objectives, standards, curricula, assessments, interventions, and professional-development tools. These systems embed tests throughout the online course, provide real-time data for professors and students, and enable customized interventions to improve student outcomes, among other features. In the process, they free up teachers' time to focus on the problem areas of struggling students. (See Unleashing the Potential of Technology in Education, BCG report, August 2011.)
To develop such products, publishers will need to redesign their organizations and, most important, their workflows. No longer can the textbook, assessment, and technology divisions operate in silos. They need to work in interdisciplinary teams in order to bring the best of the company to bear in developing new learning systems and services. For example, testing units often have valuable skills in advanced statistics and classification systems that can be applied to developing adaptive-learning solutions that determine when students receive certain content and test questions depending on their answers to previous questions.
As publishers digitize their catalogues and create whole-course solutions rather than strictly textbooks, we see a compelling logic in favor of building courseware and delivery platforms that work across the entire landscape of K–16 education. For example, colleges across the country could purchase a generic economics 101 whole-course solution, rather than purchasing one of the dozens of competing textbooks currently in use. The for-profit sector is already constructing these kinds of platforms for online delivery. Community colleges would also be good candidates for licensed courseware solutions that either supplement lectures or deliver completely online courses.
While this development would appear to cannibalize publishers' current textbook sales, it could also offer them an opportunity to strike revenue-sharing arrangements for a portion of the tuition charged for a course. We see a large market potential forming in instructional outsourcing, if the sector can effectively limit increases in instructional costs while helping to deliver improved outcomes.
Explore Strategic Growth Opportunities in Adjacent Markets
Successful transformations ultimately depend on establishing new sources of growth and profit that capitalize on a company's strengths and assets. The disruption of the education ecosystem is creating several such opportunities, many of which have the potential to be more attractive than publishers' existing business in terms of revenue per student. Success depends largely on the extent to which a publisher participates in shaping student outcomes. For example, instructional content produces greater revenues per student when delivered as a service, with the publisher participating in instruction, than when delivered as a static product.
Instructional materials today represent just over 1 percent of per student spending in K–12 and 2 percent of per student spending in higher education, while delivery (primarily in the form of instructor salaries) represents 37 and 28 percent, respectively. The potential revenues from an expansion into delivery are large. Publishers can also move into such emerging areas as online-program management, which supplies institutions with outsourced instructional design and other elements to further the expansion of their online-learning offerings.
As shown in Exhibit 4, Pearson has adopted this growth strategy, extending its reach into services and operations through acquisitions such as the following:
Schoolnet provides a K–12 learning platform for delivery of Pearson's own content as well as curated third-party content.
EmbanetCompass offers online-learning services.
Wall Street Institute's schools of English in China provide English-language learning.
Connections Academy offers entry into the rapidly growing business of virtual charter schools.
A critical question for publishers to consider when moving into adjacent markets is whether they need to own the learning platform through which they distribute their content. Although it is still in a relatively early stage of development, the platform business is likely to remain diverse and fragmented for some time as competitors fight to amass a critical mass of users. The situation has been exacerbated by numerous closed options in which the content is homegrown, expensively curated, and bundled with the platform. For example, an estimated 2,200 of these "single-point solutions" are being piloted in the K–12 space alone, according to the One-to-One Institute.
Our view is that as IT and content standards develop, the market will increasingly address this fragmentation and eventually consolidate. So far, however, while personalized closed-loop learning systems are getting good results, their high cost, lack of distribution and marketing power, and difficulty providing schools with an integrated view of student performance make them difficult to scale. For now, publishers should consider platform providers as potential partners and new distribution channels, especially for digital content. Simultaneously, it is essential that publishers pilot new solutions in order to perfect the capabilities they will need later on.
At the same time that they move into adjacent markets, publishers must be wary of losing focus in their business-unit combinations or undervaluing their portfolio of assets. Companies often benefit when a parent company shares services and transfers best practices across business units. It can also be advantageous to lock up markets for the core business by creating linkages between units in areas such as curriculum and online-course design.
Revamp the Go-to-Market Model
Sales forces that once were organized around geography and product-based selling must now focus on distinct customer segments and solution-based sales models. They should emphasize frequent interaction and ongoing dialogue with institutions, professors, and students in order to understand their educational objectives, interpret data, and provide support.
This approach requires fundamentally different capabilities in developing learning objectives, delivering education, and assessing outcomes. In many cases, it will necessitate a shift in how institutions, professors, and students view publishers. Delivering outcomes, rather than selling textbooks, implies a very different sales model and a very different way of bringing resources to bear. (See "Activating the Sales Force for Rapid Growth," BCG article, November 2012.)
While the print business must be rigorously managed for efficiency, digital ecosystems require an emphasis on speed, experimentation, and flexibility. In addition, goals and incentive structures for the sales organization must cascade down through the management ranks and be aligned with new objectives for selling digital products and engaging students, rather than just moving textbooks. Incentives should focus not only on selling publishers' content but also on ensuring its use by students.
The universe of potential customers that publishers can serve is also expanding. Where education publishers used to regard colleges and universities as their primary customers, today they have to deal with a constellation of customers beyond traditional institutions. We are moving to a world of à la carte education where, instead of enrolling in a four-year degree program, students may cobble together a variety of courses and content from nontraditional providers at significantly lower cost. They can jump from institution to institution, stitching together modules of content to achieve truly personalized learning. As discussed earlier, nontraditional players, such as MOOC and OER providers, don't necessarily rely on traditional textbooks. And students have far more say over the supplemental materials that they do or do not purchase. Publishers cannot afford to cede the MOOC space. They will need to consider how to make their content relevant in the new digital medium.
Professors, too, have many more choices in this environment, with a similar ability to piece together modular, interdisciplinary content from a variety of content providers and aggregators. Publishers that deal only with institutions may find themselves serving a shrinking market. Instead, they must stay relevant to the full range of providers, while leveraging their strengths in delivering pedagogically coherent, results-oriented content.
Maintain a Relentless Focus on Student Outcomes
Publishers cannot focus strictly on producing content; they must also measure its contribution to student learning and adapt their products in order to improve results. Strong results can come from enabling adaptive learning, providing modular content, assessing progress, boosting skills, and fostering credentials. Publishers have an opportunity to bring all these pieces together with data demonstrating continuous improvement and better outcomes. (See Unleashing the Potential of Technology in Education, BCG report, August 2011.)
Compared with traditional textbooks, digital products and content provide far richer data, allowing publishers to improve their products on the basis of what is and isn't working. This is the source of their competitive advantage—the scale to invest in research that produces real academic results.
To navigate the digital ecosystem of education publishing, senior executives should begin by asking themselves these questions:
How can we take advantage of digital technologies to develop solutions that support superior student achievement and outcomes?
How can we create deeper relationships with institutions, professors, and students so that we can better support their goals?
How can we integrate elements of the digital education ecosystem, such as assessments and outcomes data, into our products to create closed-loop solutions?
Which elements of the closed loop should we acquire or build ourselves, and which should we provide through partnerships?
What new capabilities do we need in order to collaborate and compete effectively with digital-native providers, such as speed to market, business model flexibility, and improved knowledge of emerging deal structures?
How can we adapt to new content-delivery models to ensure that our solutions are available when, where, and how institutions, professors, and students want them?
How much distance from the core business do we want so that experiments can flourish?
As education publishers approach these issues, they must keep in mind that transformation is a difficult journey. The road to digital requires that they take a comprehensive look at their products, operating models, incentive structures, and other central elements of the business.
Publishing companies are leaving behind a business that was predictable. The market will increasingly reward those that shape the emerging learning ecosystem by creating new operating models and adapting their focus. In this environment of disruption and heightened competition, adaptation, flexibility, and experimentation will reign.
The authors would like to acknowledge the insights and assistance of the following colleagues: Matt Claise, Dominic Field, Karen Gordon, Larry Kamener, Mirosia Martin, Lane McBride, J. Puckett, Vikas Taneja, Jo Wilson, and Paul Zwillenberg. They would also like to thank Mickey Butts for his assistance in shaping and writing this report, as well as Katherine Andrews, Gary Callahan, Kim Friedman, Gina Goldstein, and Sara Strassenreiter for editing, design, and production.
Allison Bailey
Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Leader, People & Organization; former BCG Fellow
Peter Davis
Tyce Henry


Zander A. Productions is a independent movie studio that has successfully produced 2 feature films and 3 short films productions. We have been given the opportunity to start the pre production stage of this original horror film. This is non-union production.
This film also already International DVD and Netflix/Red Box distribution. This is based off of our previous successful action/horror movies.
Height 5'10 -6'4, Age: 20's or 30s, Short hair, Athletic, Lean/Muscular. You must be willing to travel and perform your own action stunts under the supervision of our certified martial arts instructors.
Compensation: Flat pay, Free lunch, Free Housing (For the shoot), IMDB Credit.
You must cover your own travel expenses and sign a contract upon offer.
Must also be DRUG FREE and pass a criminal background check.
We will be filming this horror film in Phoenix Arizona in April 2018.
Please send us your headshot's and resume for immediate consideration. If you are selected to move forward to will be given instructions on submitting a video taped audition. Also if your interested in become an Executive Producer please email us serious inquires only please!
Please send over a clear and recent headshot and resume.
Provided by Zander. A Productions LLC Brown leather battle suit.


text:
Pre 2005 judgments
Case Digests
Home > Judgments > 2011 archive
A v P [2011] EWHC 1530 (Fam)
Child abduction from Poland to the UK; defence based on habitual residence in the UK and the father's acquiescence. Hague Convention 1980 applied. Held that the child's habitual residence was Poland and the father had not acquiesced.
Father sought the return of MAT to Poland pursuant to the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction 1980 (the Convention) as incorporated into English law by section 1(2) of and Schedule 1 to the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985. Although both the UK and Poland are subject to Brussells II Revised the case was pleaded and determined solely with reference to the Convention.
Mother defended the application on the basis that a)MAT was not abducted from Poland as she was habitually resident in the UK at the relevant date or in the alternative b) the father had acquiesced to her removal.
MAT's habitual residence was thus the principal issue before the court. The court confirmed that the purpose of the Convention was to ensure that where children have been wrongfully moved across international frontiers, or wrongfully retained within a Convention State, they are swiftly returned to the State of their habitual residence for decisions about their welfare to the taken in the State of their habitual residence.
The case of P-J (Abduction: Habitual Residence: Consent) [2009] EWCA Civ 588, [209] 2 FLR 1031, and in particular the part where Ward LJ discussed the concept of "habitual residence" in Convention terms between paragraphs [24] and [34] were considered and adopted. In addition the following three riders were added: 1) habitual residence is an issue of fact and is crucially dependent upon the particular facts of the case before the court; 2) where one is dealing with married parents and with a child of MAT's age it is not open to one parent unilaterally to charge the child's habitual residence; and 3) in Re S (Habitual Residence) [2009] EWCA Civ 1021. [2010] 1 FLR 1146 it had been determined that a period of some 7 to 8 weeks' residence was sufficient to establish that a child had become habitually resident in England.
On the facts of this case the court found that at the time of the alleged removal of the child to England, the child had retained a habitual residence in Poland. Furthermore the court found the father had acted timeously in issue proceedings, and applying the decision of the House of Lords in Re H (Minors) (Abduction: Acquiescence) [1998] AC 72 it was found that his subjective state of mind was never that of the acquiescent parent.
Accordingly the court directed the return of MAT to Poland for consideration by the courts of that jurisdiction of issues relating to contact and residence.
Case summary by Ruth Cabeza, barrister, Field Court Chambers
Neutral Citation Number: [2011] EWHC 1530 (Fam)
Case No: FD11P00585
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE
Strand, London, WC2A 2LL
SIR NICHOLAS WALL THE PRESIDENT OF THE FAMILY DIVISION
Between :
A Plaintiff
P Defendant
Geraldine More O'Ferrall (instructed by Hopkin Murray Beskine) for the Plalintiff
Ruth Kirby (instructed by Fairbrother & Darlow) for the Defendant
Hearing dates: 9 June 2011
SIR NICHOLAS WALL, THE PRESIDENT OF THE FAMILY DIVISION
This judgment is being handed down in private on 21 June 2011 It consists of 10 pages and has been signed and dated by the judge. The judge hereby gives leave for it to be reported.
The judgment is being distributed on the strict understanding that in any report no person other than the advocates or the solicitors instructing them (and other persons identified by name in the judgment itself) may be identified by name or location and that in particular the anonymity of the children and the adult members of their family must be strictly preserved.
Sir Nicholas Wall P :
1. This is an application, initiated by way of Originating Summon dated 9 March 2011, under the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction which was agreed at The Hague on 25 October 1980 (the Convention) as incorporated into English law by section 1(2) of and Schedule 1 to the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985. It concerns a small female child, whom I propose to identify only by her initials and her date of birth. She is MAT, and she was born on 10 August 2007.
2. The application under the Convention is by her father for her return forthwith to the Republic of Poland, which he asserts in the country of her habitual residence. That application is resisted by her mother, who asserts (inter alia) that MAT is habitually resident in England and Wales.
3. MAT's habitual residence is thus the principal issue which I have to decide.
The relevant terms of the Convention
4. Although they are well known, they bear repetition. Thus by Article 3 of the Convention -
"The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where—
(a) it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an institution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and
(b) at the time of removal or retention those rights were actually exercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention.
The rights of custody mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) above may arise in particular by operation of law or by reason of a judicial or administrative decision, or by reason of an agreement having legal effect under the law of that State".
5. By Article 12 of the Convention: -
"Where a child has been wrongfully removed or retained in terms of Article 3 and, at the date of the commencement of the proceedings before the judicial or administrative authority of the Contracting State where the child is, a period of less than one year has elapsed from the date of the wrongful removal or retention, the authority concerned shall order the return of the child forthwith."
6. Defences to Article 12 of the Convention are contained in Article 13 which, as material to the present application, reads as follows:
"Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, the judicial or administrative authority of the requested State is not bound to order the return of the child if the person, institution or other body which opposes its return establishes that—
(a) the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was not actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention, or had consented to or subsequently acquiesced in the removal or retention; ………."
The purpose of the Convention
7. It is, I think, worthwhile stating at the outset and bearing in mind throughout the purpose of the Convention. It is designed to ensure that where children have been wrongfully moved across international frontiers, or wrongfully retained within a Convention State, they are swiftly returned to the State of their habitual residence for decisions about their welfare to the taken in the State of their habitual residence.
Rights of Custody
8. I am satisfied that the father has rights of custody by virtue of his marriage with the mother. The existence of such rights arte asserted by the father in the evidence and I also have the advantage of a translated extract of Article 93(1) of the relevant Polish law which vests parental authority in both parents. Whether one regards this as a removal from Egypt in October 2010 or a retention in England on her return, I am satisfied that Article 3 of the Convention applies.
9. They are slightly unusual. The father, who is 30, was born in Saudi Arabia, but is Egyptian The mother, who is 23 was born in Poland, and is a Polish national. MAT was also born in Poland, and, according to her mother holds only a Polish passport. The mother and the father had a religious marriage in Egypt, but were advised that it would not be recognised in Poland. They thus re-married in Egypt on 3 April 2007.
10. I am prepared to take the bulk of the facts from the skeleton argument filed on the mother's behalf and drafted by Ms. Ruth Kirby of counsel. Thus: -
"It is the mother's case that the movements of the family after the parents met to date have been as follows:
(a) Having lived together in Egypt before MAT was conceived, the mother and the father moved together to live in Poland in June 2007 (MAT was born in Poland in August 2007);
(b) In October 2007, the mother and MAT spent two weeks in Egypt with the father. MAT and her mother returned to Poland. The father returned to Poland from Egypt in January 2008;
(c) In September 2008, the mother and the father moved to England to work. The father had a limited visa for 6 months. MAT was left in Poland in the care of her maternal grandmother but came to England to visit her parents. They also visited her in Poland; they both worked as care assistants in England between September 2008 and February 2009;
(d) In February 2009, the parents returned to live in Poland with MAT; they remained living there with MAT but the mother would travel to England when required to work as a care assistant. She was based in Poland and she did this occasional work in England until September 2009.
(e) Between September 2009 and February 2010 the mother, the father and MAT all lived in Poland and the mother did not work;
(f) In February 2010, the mother moved to England without MAT and the father (who remained with the maternal family in Poland) and worked as a bank care assistant until April 2010 when she secured permanent employment as a care assistant.
(g) MAT and the father moved to England to join the mother in June 2010;
(h) On 2nd September 2010, the father removed MAT from England to Egypt without the mother's consent;
(i) The mother went to Egypt on 5th October and returned with MAT to England on 14th October 2010 from Egypt.
(j) The mother does not know for how long the father remained in Egypt or, indeed, whether he is still living there;
(k) The mother and MAT have been living in (England) since their return there in October 2010 (they have visited Ireland once and Poland twice since their return from Egypt)."
11. In relation to (j) I had the advantage of the father's oral evidence by video link from Warsaw in addition to his court statements. It is thus clear, and I find, that the father is living in Poland. He has finished his medical studies in Egypt and is seeking Polish citizenship. His Egyptian medical qualifications now appear to have been recognised in Poland, and subject to passing certain additional examinations, he will be able to practice as a doctor in Poland.
12. The father's visa permitting him to remain in this country was valid initially from 24 May to 24 November 2010. It has in any event expired / been revoked, and has not been renewed.
13. The father's case is that in August 2010 the mother told him she wished to separate from him and that he would be deported from England. It was in these circumstances that he says he took MAT to Egypt. He says that when she left Egypt with MAT in October 2010 he did not know where she had gone, and was in any event unable to travel to the UK due to the expiry of his visa / alternatively its cancellation consequent upon the mother's complaint of his abduction of MAT to the English police. He accepts that he has been back to Egypt since October 2010 "to arrange his finances and other matters" but is now living in Poland and actively seeking Polish citizenship.
14. The father's case is that there was no agreement between the parties in 2010 for them permanently to reside in England with MAT. He says that they planned to return to Poland in January 2011. In effect, he saw 2010 as a copy of what had occurred in 2008, and that although this time he initially took MAT to England, she had at all material times MAT has at all material times been habitually resident in Poland.
The mother's defence
15. On 2 May 2011 Ms Kirby filed the following defence on the mother's behalf: -
(1) The (Convention) has no application to the facts of this case.
(2) There has been no breach of article 3 of the (Convention).
(3) MAT has been habitually resident in the jurisdiction of England and Wales since April (sic) 2010. It was the parents' joint intention for the family to continue to live in England.
(4) The father abducted MAT from England to Egypt. When she was recovered by the mother with the assistance of the Egyptian and Polish authorities in Egypt, the father did nothing to stop the mother from returning with MAT to England.
(5) Further, or in the alternative, the father acquiesced in MAT being in England in that, following the mother recovering MAT from Egypt in October 2010, the mother returned with MAT to the family's home address in England. The father made no attempt to communicate with the mother either at the family's English address or at the maternal family's home address in Poland.
16. The case has been argued exclusively in relation to the Convention. Arguments in relation to what has become known as "Brussels 2 Revised" were said to be "for another day".
17. It is common ground that prior to June 2010, MAT was habitually resident in Poland. The mother's case, however, is that between June 2010 and the issue of the Originating Summons in March 2011 both she and MAT had become habitually resident in England and Wales
18. The mother asserts that the family had come to England in pursuance of an agreement that she, the father and MAT would reside permanently in England. By leaving Poland in 2010 she, the mother, had lost her habitual residence in Poland. Her case was that by residing permanently in England between June 2010 and the date of the issue of the Originating Summons and with the intention of remaining here permanently, both she and MAT have acquired habitual residence in England and Wales. It followed that the Convention had no application.
19. In support of her case the mother pointed to the fact that the parties had sold what possessions they had in Poland. They had sold their car, terminated the tenancy of their accommodation, left their respective jobs, abandoned their Email addresses and generally done all they could to sever their links with Poland. The difference between 2008 and 2010, the mother asserted, was that this time MAT came with the father: previously, she had been left behind. She had also be placed in an English speaking nursery prior to her departure, and the mother said she spoke to MAT in English.
20. If she was wrong about habitual residence, and MAT was not habitually resident in England, then the mother submitted that the father had acquiesced in MAT's retention in England after October 2010. He had done nothing to prevent the mother leaving Egypt with MAT, and had made no contact with MAT since her recovery from Egypt The irresistible inference, Ms Kirby submitted, was that he had thereby acquiesced in MAT's return to and retention in England.
21. The father denied that there was any mutual intention permanently to reside in England with MAT. As I have already indicated, he says it was all a re-run of 2008 and that the intention was to return to Poland in January 2011. He had a temporary visa, and was unemployed. His immigration status was uncertain. MAT did not attend nursery. A crisis had been precipitated by the mother's wish to terminate the marriage. There was, however, no mutual intention to change MAT's habitual residence, which had remained throughout that of Poland.
22. Over the short period during which this judgment has been reserved, I have taken the opportunity to re-read the papers, reflect on the oral evidence which I heard and look at the various authorities. In these circumstances, I propose to take the law quite shortly. In P-J (Abduction: Habitual Residence: Consent) [2009] EWCA Civ 588, [209] 2 FLR 1031, Ward LJ discussed the concept of "habitual residence" in Convention terms between paragraphs [24] and [34]. I respectfully adopt that analysis, and read it into this judgment.
23. I add three riders. The first is that - as Ward LJ makes clear - habitual residence is an issue of fact and is crucially dependent upon the particular facts of the case before the court. The second is that where one is dealing with married parents and with a child of MAT's age it is not open to one parent unilaterally to charge the child's habitual residence The third is that I was, of course, a member of the constitution of the court which decided the appeal in the case of Re S (Habitual Residence) [2009] EWCA Civ 1021. [2010] 1 FLR 1146, in which Parker J had decided that a period of some 7 to 8 weeks' residence was sufficient to establish that a child had become habitually resident in England. The father's appeal against her decision was, it will be recalled, dismissed.
24. In my judgment, the third rider in paragraph 23 above goes principally to the proposition that habitual residence is indeed a question of fact, and since Parker J's finely balanced decision turned on its facts, it is readily capable of being distinguished.
25. Like Parker J, I head oral evidence on the question of habitual residence and the parties' intentions. The first question, I think, is whether or not, as the mother alleges, there was an agreement in 2010 that the family would relocate to England, and that England would become the country of the family's habitual residence.
26. I do not think there was any such agreement. I had the advantage of hearing both parties give evidence. I was, I have to say, generally impressed by the father, and I accept what he told me on this point. I am also satisfied, from what the father told me, that he is doing his best to obtain Polish citizenship with a view to practising medicine in Poland, and that, despite his own origins, he regards MAT as Polish, and habitually resident in Poland.
27. I remind myself that the father came across as an angry man, and I have had to decide whether or not his anger has affected the objectivity of his evidence. This is something I have carefully considered, but having done so and having observed him keenly in close up on the video screen, I am satisfied that in 2010 there was, for the reasons he gave, by no means an unequivocal commitment on either side to live permanently in England.
28. It is true, I think, that the mother was keener on the idea than the father and that she both saw and sees her own future in England more clearly than did the father. As I have already indicated, she points to a number of factors in her attempt to demonstrate that 2010 was different – including to the fact that MAT came with the father – something which had not occurred in 2008. She also points to MAT going to an English speaking nursery.
29. In my judgment, none of the factors which the mother identifies is conclusive,. There are also factors which point the other way – for example the fact that the mother has remained in employment as a care assistant, and has never registered in England her Polish qualification as a trained physiotherapist. Equally, the father did not, it appears, enquire in advance of the GMC about the value of his Egyptian qualifications in England.
30. In addition, it seems to me that the matters which the mother prays in aid apply equally to what occurred in 2008, If the parents were coming for any length of time it made sense no longer to pay the rent on their accommodation and to sell their car. As the father points out, it appears they had few belongings in any event. Furthermore the dates for the application to MAT's schooling post date the alleged retention in October 2010.
31. Although the mother left me with the clear impression that she wished now to remain in England, I was left with the equally clear impression that this was to rid herself, if possible, of the father's attentions In my judgment, the position in 2010 was unclear. The family might have stayed in England: it might not. There was certainly in my judgment, no mutuality of view that England would be the place of permanent residence thenceforth.
32. There are, furthermore, two documents in particular generated by the mother which in my judgment, are wholly inconsistent with a settled intention to reside habitually in England. They are the Polish divorce petition issued by the mother in Poland and the decision of the Polish authorities not to prosecute the father, at the mother's instigation, in Poland for child adduction
33. The Polish petition is dated 17 November 2010 and bears both the court stamp and the mother's name, although she seeks to distance herself from the document by asserting that her name was written by her mother - despite it being in manuscript and being described in the document itself as "a hand-written signature of (the mother)". The petition also states in terms that the mother resides at a Polish address, the detail of which is given.
34. In the petition the mother seeks the dissolution of the marriage between the mother and the father; the conferring on the mother of the right to exercise parental authority upon MAT and maintenance for MAT in the sum of 1000 Zlotys a month. The mother also seek costs.
35. In the body of the document the mother asserts that the behaviour of the father convinced her that he had married her only in order to obtain Polish citizenship. She relates the history of the abduction of MAT to Egypt and recounts that "after a lot of efforts and with the help of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland" she managed to leave Egypt and "return home", although "home" is not identified. There is no single mention of England in the document, and nothing in it to suggest that the mother is even living, let alone habitually resident, in England.
36. On 5 April 2011 the district court which had issued the petition issued a summons, returnable on 20 May 2011 the purpose of which was to oblige the father; (1) to produce his "ID"; and (2) to provide details of his income for the past twelve months. The summons was addressed to the father as "a party to the proceedings filed by (the mother)". Amongst the "instructions" set out in the document is the obligation for the parties "to notify the court every time their place of residence is changed".
37. The father duly attended on the mother's summons, although she did not.
38. The status of what are apparently on-going proceedings in Poland may well be a matter for argument under the Directive which has become known as "Brussels II Revised". As I have said, I have deal with the case, as argued by counsel, exclusively under the Convention. For present purposes the relevance of the Polish proceedings relates to the question of MAT's habitual residence in England, and in my judgment, the Polish petition and summons are wholly inconsistent with it.
39. The second document is dated 17 January 2010, although it is plain that it the date should be 12 January 2011. The document is described as a "decision" and is a ruling by the Polish authorities to discontinue proceedings to withdraw permission for the father to reside in Poland. In the body of that document. The following appears: -
"On 29 October 2010…..the (mother) also requested that her husband's residence card be annulled since she feared her husband threatened her and her daughter's safety…."
40. In my judgment the mother cannot assert a habitual residence for MAT whilst herself purporting to issue divorce proceedings in Poland (with a Polish address) and invoking the assistance of the Polish authorities to cancel the right of the father to reside in Poland. Even, therefore if I am wrong about the mutuality point, I am entirely satisfied that neither the mother nor MAT has acquired habitual residence in England.
41. As to acquiescence, I do not think that the mother's case gets off the ground. The father, partly as a result of his own actions, and partly as a result of the mother's reaction could not come to England after October 2010. It is plain that he took proceedings timeously, and applying the decision of the House of Lords in Re H (Minors) (Abduction: Acquiescence) [1998] AC 72 it is equally plain that his subjective state of mind was never that of the acquiescent parent.
42. The only order which I am also to make, therefore, is that MAT should be returned forthwith to Poland for her future to be decided by the courts of that country. Plainly, she must remain in her mother's care until such time as the courts of Poland are fully seized of her welfare: it will then be for those courts to decide where and with whom she should live and what contact she should have to the parent with whom she is not living. I have not investigated the merits.
43. I also hope very much that despite the bruising lack of trust which exists between the parents consequent upon the events of the last two years they will, nonetheless be able to enter into a sensible dialogue about MAT who plainly deserves to benefit from the two backgrounds from which she has emerged. Where, however, she lives is a matter for the Polish courts.
acquiescence
habitual residence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Basic purchase system in Unity3d In my game exists a opportunity to obtain a COIN, with a certain amount it is possible to release new skins.
Currently the coin score, are being stored correctly.
I have UI canvas where there skins options, I want to know how to do to be purchased these skins if the player has enough coins, or that nothing happens if it does not have enough.
Follow the codes below.
CoinScore
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using System.Collections;

public class BeeCoinScore: MonoBehaviour
{

    public static BeeCoinScore instance;

    public static int coin = 0;
    public int currentCoin = 0;
    string highScoreKey = "totalCoin";

    Text CoinScore;                      // Reference to the Text component.

    void Awake ()
    {
        // Set up the reference.
        CoinScore = GetComponent <Text> ();

    }
    void Start(){

        //Get the highScore from player prefs if it is there, 0 otherwise.
        coin = PlayerPrefs.GetInt(highScoreKey, 0);
    }
    public void AddBeeCoinScore (int _point) {

        coin += _point;
        GetComponent<Text> ().text = "Bee Coins: " + coin;

    }

    void Update ()
    {
        // Set the displayed text to be the word "Score" followed by the score value.
        CoinScore.text = "Bee Coins: " + coin;
    }

    void OnDisable(){

        //If our scoree is greter than highscore, set new higscore and save.
        if(coin>currentCoin){
            PlayerPrefs.SetInt(highScoreKey, coin);
            PlayerPrefs.Save();
        }
    }

}

Script to add points to CoinScore
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class BeeCoin : MonoBehaviour {

    public int point;
    private float timeVida;
    public float tempoMaximoVida;

    private BeeCoinScore coin;

    AudioSource coinCollectSound;

    void Awake() {

        coin = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag ("BeeCoin").GetComponent<BeeCoinScore> () as BeeCoinScore;
    }

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start () {

        coinCollectSound = GameObject.Find("SpawnControllerBeeCoin").GetComponent<AudioSource>();

    }

    void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D colisor)
    {
        if (colisor.gameObject.CompareTag ("Bee")) {

            coinCollectSound.Play ();

            coin.AddBeeCoinScore (point);
            Destroy (gameObject);
        }

        if (colisor.gameObject.tag == "Floor") {
            Destroy (gameObject, 1f);
        }
    }

}

My UI canvas SHOP It's pretty basic, it has 4 images related skins, with price: 100, 200, 300 and 400 coins, 4 buttons to buy below each image, and a button to leave.
C# if possible.

A: I  solve my problem.
On the "buy" button have attached the script BuySkin
And the script  BeeCoinScore i added TakeBeeScore,
deleted: if (coin> current Coin) {}, into the void OnDisable
Now it is working perfectly.
BuySkin Script.
    using UnityEngine;
    using System.Collections;
    using UnityEngine.UI;

    public class BuySkin : MonoBehaviour {

        public int price;

        public void OnClick()
        {
            if (BeeCoinScore.coin >= price) {

                BeeCoinScore.coin -= price;
                Debug.Log ("New skin added");
            }

            if (BeeCoinScore.coin < price) {

                Debug.Log ("Need more coins!");
            }
        }
     }

BeeCoinScore script.
   using UnityEngine;
   using UnityEngine.UI;
   using System.Collections;

     public class BeeCoinScore: MonoBehaviour
      {

       public static BeeCoinScore instance;
       public static int coin = 0;
       public int currentCoin = 0;
       string totalCoinKey = "totalCoin";

       Text CoinScore; // Reference to the Text component.

       void Awake ()
       {
       // Set up the reference.
       CoinScore = GetComponent <Text> ();

       }
       public void Start(){

       //Get the highScore from player prefs if it is there, 0 otherwise.
       coin = PlayerPrefs.GetInt(totalCoinKey, 0);
       }
       public void AddBeeCoinScore (int _point) {

       coin += _point;
       GetComponent<Text> ().text = "Bee Coins: " + coin;

       }

       public void TakeBeeCoinScore (int _point) {

       coin -= _point;
       GetComponent<Text> ().text = "Bee Coins: " + coin;

       }

       void Update ()
       {
       // Set the displayed text to be the word "Score" followed by the score value.
       CoinScore.text = "Bee Coins: " + coin;
       }

       void OnDisable(){

       PlayerPrefs.SetInt(totalCoinKey, coin);
       PlayerPrefs.Save();

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Stop combobox autoselecting upon arrow down I have an ActiveX control combobox in Excel that takes as filters a list of strings by characters typed in the box, where the user then selects the item he/she is searching for. I would like the combobox to allow typing a character, and having the user be able to use the down and up arrows on the keyboard to scan through the list of items in the dropdown. However, when the user uses the down arrow key, the first item in the dropdown is selected and then is the only item remaining.
Also, I would like to be able to use the scroll wheel if possible inside the dropdown list, and have the list sort such that when typing in am, items starting with a are displayed first.
Please let me know if there's something I can do to avoid that behavior.
Here is the code for the combobox:
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChangePrior(ByVal Target As Range)
    cLstPrior = Application.Transpose(Database.UsedRange.Columns(1)) 'set module-level variable
    Tool.priorCmb.List = cLstPrior        'initialize ComboBox to range Col A (UsedRange only)
    Tool.priorCmb.ListIndex = -1     'set ComboBox value to empty
End Sub

Private Sub priorCmb_Change()
   filterComboListPrior Tool.priorCmb, cLstPrior
End Sub

Private Sub priorCmb_KeyPress(ByVal keyAscii As MSForms.ReturnInteger)
    Tool.priorCmb.DropDown
End Sub

Private Sub priorCmb_GotFocus()   'or _MouseDown()
    Tool.priorCmb.DropDown
End Sub

Public Sub filterComboListPrior(ByRef cmbPrior As ComboBox, ByRef dLstPrior As Variant)
    Dim itmPrior As Variant, lstPrior As String, selPrior As String

    Application.EnableEvents = False
    With cmbPrior
        selPrior = .Value
        If IsEmpty(cLstPrior) Then cLstPrior = Database.UsedRange.Columns(1)
        For Each itmPrior In cLstPrior
            If Len(itmPrior) > 1 Then If InStr(1, itmPrior, selPrior, 1) Then lstPrior = lstPrior & itmPrior & "||"
        Next
        If Len(lstPrior) > 1 Then .List = Split(Left(lstPrior, Len(lstPrior) - 2), "||") Else .List = dLstPrior
    End With
    Application.EnableEvents = True

End Sub

A: I was dealing with the same issue, and ended up finding some info on a Microsoft Help-site thread that let me play around with it. I posted an answer here which seems to work for me. Seems like a bunch of us have had this issue! The answer is a stripped down version of what I use in a sheet for this same concept. I take it your ComboBox is called priorCmb, so I'm going to reference that for the events
The basic idea involves the priorCmb_KeyDown() event in the sheet where the combobox is located (though should be similar to KeyPress in overall behavior except using KeyCode instead of keyAscii, so adapt accordingly). This can grab the arrow key presses and set a flag. The keys' actions are bypassed by setting the KeyCode value to 0 and using an increment/decrement with the priorCmb.ListIndex value to change the selection. Then, using a flag in the priorCmb_Change() event, you can prevent the ComboBox from changing the linked cell value due to the up and down arrows. Once you get to the end of your KeyDown or KeyPress event, you can reset the flag for when you want changes to occur.
The reason I force the change in the code, rather than let it happen at the end of the Key_Down event (in my case, or KeyPress in yours), is that I can set the flag and run the _Change() event for the combobox with the flag set to prevent the change code from running. Then at the end of the Keyevent I turn off the flag for any other changes from the user. Because the KeyCode is 0 (or keyAscii equivalent) there, it will not run anything at the end of the function, and thus not update the code again.
Hope that helps, there is a link in that answer to the thread I found, which has some general ideas (though focused on UserForms instead of spreadsheets, so again adapt accordingly, though I have a note in the linked post about that). Good luck!
Note: Those parts of code were what seemed to control this behavior in my sheet, but if you have an issue with getting it to work, I can look at it again.


patients with newly diagnosed stage II, stage III, or stage IV diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
vorinostat together with rituximab and combination chemotherapy may kill more cancer cells.
OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose escalation study of vorinostat followed by a phase II study.
then annually for 3 years.


The new single features grime MC Merky Ace, which adds an unexpected flair to this Circus Records release. Pairing mind-boggling UK rap with dark chords makes for an absolutely sinister introduction into a classic FuntCase drop. The only improvement to this synthesis of British talents would be to hear it on state-of-the-art speakers at a sold-out venue.
Headbang to "4 Barz of Fury" below, out now on Doctor P and Flux Pavilion's Circus Records.


It was reassuring to see classic pub dishes made into vegan options – I'm used to seeing a risotto or salad as the meat alternative. This was a real eye opener. My colleague said he wouldn't have been able to tell the difference between a meat chilli and the vegan option. I loved the coconut flavoured sweet potato curry – though the carbs were a bit high as it was served with sticky rice and fried tortilla wedges.
But the Beyond Meat Burger was my favourite. It not only looked sumptuously inviting, but I was also pleased to see how soy protein had been used to deliver on taste and texture. Soy protein is the highest quality plant protein you can get, and many of my patients struggle to make it taste good. The supermarket burgers like No Bull from Iceland have been a real disappointment, but the Beyond Meat burger is delicious, particularly with all the salad and saucy toppings. I suggest you ditch the fries and go for a salad wedge accompaniment instead.
Read my interview with the manager, Tom Dudley.
My thanks to The Albany for asking me to test the menu and give my honest opinion. This blog has not been influenced by The Albany.


GoAirport is a 24/7 door-to-door airport transfer service operating in Melbourne, Australia. We offer reliable private pickups to and from the airport with flat rate prices.
To book a GoAirport Pick-Up, please complete and submit the booking form.
When do you need a Pick-Up?
Where do you need a pick up from? If requiring a Pick-Up at the Airport, just write which airport (e.g. Melbourne Tullamarine Airport) and specify the terminal.
Where you going? If requiring a Drop-off at the Airport, just write which airport (e.g. Melbourne Tullamarine Airport) and specify the terminal.
How many people need the Pick-Up?
Tell us so we can make sure there's enough room.
If we're picking you at the airport, please tell us your flight number so that we know where you are before you land.
SAM Clayton - (Singapore Association of Monash) Anna Munanto Foundation PPIA Deakin PPIA Monash Clayton Exchange Students in Melbourne Facebook Group MONSU - Student Association of Singapore (Monash Caulfield) Other How did you hear about GoAirport?
Relax, you don't have to pay just yet. Instructions on how to make payment will be sent in the confirmation email. Note that your pick-up is only confirmed after you make payment because, you know, we all gotta eat.


cooking something inside itself and flavored with itself is so self-referentially satisfying. It's so meta it was practically invented for the internet.
Ohh yeah baby, chop that chocolate. You know how I like it. This dessert will keep me up ALL night.


Golden week in China from 01/10-18 to 7/10-18 is coming shortly and we would like to prepare all about this in due time.
Please expect various carriers to announce blank sailings before/under and after this period and various schedule changes will occur.
Kindly contact your Hecksher contact person for more info in order to prepare the best planning and avoid any delays.
Home » News » Golden week announcement!


text:
Board of Visitors sets university budget at $1.66 billion for 2019-20 fiscal year; strategic plan approved /
Virginia Tech engineers victorious with another first place at agBOT
Virginia Tech helps lead broadest study of battery electrode failure in new journal article
Wind Turbine Team soars to a second-place finish at Collegiate Wind Competition
Bat Doppler shift
Researchers look toward future 6G wireless systems
TBMH graduate student awarded competitive individual NIH predoctoral fellowship to study cardiac arrest recovery
Virginia Tech Board of Visitors approves 2019 promotions, tenure, continued appointments
Current page: Board of Visitors sets university budget at $1.66 billion for 2019-20 fiscal year; strategic plan approved
Jeff Marion receives George Wright Society Award for natural resources achievement
Student engineering team advances to global vehicle safety design competition
Harpreet S. Dhillon named Elizabeth and James E. Turner Jr. '56 Faculty Fellow
Dimitrios Nikolopoulos named John W. Hancock Professor of Engineering
Xiaoting Jia wins CAREER award to develop bio-friendly brain implants
Katharine Knowlton reappointed Colonel Horace E. Alphin Professor in Dairy Science
Beyond Queen's stomp-stomp-clap: Computer scientist finds social media boosts engagement during live shows
Virginia Tech's strategic plan approved by Board of Visitors
Na Meng receives NSF CAREER award to improve the programming environment
Twenty students awarded Fralin Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships
Virginia Smith celebrates 80 years as alumna
Commonwealth Ballroom renovated and ready to host university community
HEVT takes second
NSF fellowship allows graduate student to balance research, service, and support
Chance encounter becomes a career of innovation for alumnus Steven Bathiche
Multicultural heritage of Solitude to be commemorated
Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine dean presents college updates to board of visitors
Virginia Tech continues focus on serving needs of current, incoming Hokies
Acclaimed musicians offer two free chamber music concerts at the Moss Arts Center
Virginia Tech graduate students selected to join competitive Society for Neuroscience program
Virginia Tech announces prime location for new Innovation Campus in Alexandria
Reunion Weekend 2019 is a growing tradition
Remote sensing with ArcGIS Pro workshops offered in Blacksburg and Williamsburg
'An extraordinarily positive day for Virginia'
Third year of College of Science Dean's Discovery Fund supports faculty research
Grant helps Virginia Tech scientists find new ways to use secondary logging materials
Commonwealth Cyber Initiative's statewide network certified, 5G test bed planned
Julia Allen joins College of Natural Resources and Environment as assistant dean of advancement
Study investigates lack of disclaimers on Facebook and Google's advertising during the 2016 presidential election
iTHRIV Announces Recipients for Statewide Pilot Research Projects
Virginia Tech researcher discovers cellular contributor of Lyme arthritis that could open door to treatment
New master's degree for Innovation Campus
Tom Brown reflects on long career at Virginia Tech
Orientation 2019: What students, families, and the campus community can expect
Media Preview: Virginia Tech's world-winning solar home comes to Northern Virginia this summer
University's global impact on display at international education expo
Carmen Giménez Smith awarded Guggenheim Fellowship
dac - jia bin Huang google award
In memoriam: Lawrence Sewell, computer engineer who designed, built Math Emporium computer system
A powerful new gift option
Bubble of an idea leads to new research on freezing
Undergraduate research faculty grants create opportunities
sneezing plants
Students selected to present undergraduate research at ACC Meeting of the Minds Conference
Dwight Shelton honored with 2019 Virginia CFO Award
Local weather forecasting technology heralds the advent of a SmartFarm network
Virginia Cyber Range challenges hackers for good
Innovation is in the data: Industry turns to Newport News program to build data science workforce
Media Advisory: Hokie BugCamp 2019
FDA deems molecular test for concussions 'breakthrough device'
Wildlife conservation students take on real-world projects in capstone course
Adam Kendrick named Outstanding Recent Alumnus for College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences
Marc Stern facilitates local solutions to global climate challenges
Tanushree Mitra among first to receive research grant providing access to Facebook data
Hokies are finalists in NASA contest to design space helmets of the future
Virginia Tech expert offers advice for stress-free time away from work
Carla Finkielstein and team honored with award for research into circadian rhythms and cancer
Association for Psychological Science names Roseanne Foti and Angela Scarpa as Fellows
University Distinguished Professor X.J. Meng awarded nearly $2 million NIH grant renewal
First InsideTREES camp brings sustainable biomaterials to life for high schoolers
Students win international vehicle safety design competition
Anthony Kwame Harrison named Edward S. Diggs Professor in Humanities
Dini Miller to be inducted into Pest Management Professional Hall of Fame
Donald Hempson named associate vice president for international affairs
RADIO IQ Charlottesville bureau chief wins national Edward R. Murrow Award
Summer Institute 2019 encourages faculty and staff to strive for 'inclusive excellence'
Virginia Cooperative Extension to hold Generation NEXT workshops to help families plan land transfers
Inn at Virginia Tech steps up to provide additional support to accommodate student housing needs
More than $1 million dedicated to student sustainability projects at Virginia Tech since 2010
Veterinary college receives $3.1 million NIH grant to create universal flu vaccine
Veterinary college alumna Susan VandeWoude named to National Academy of Sciences
5 things to know about this week's debates, according to Virginia Tech's Bob Denton
G. Don Taylor named interim vice president for research and innovation
Researchers find that probiotic bacteria reduces the impact of white-nose syndrome in bats
College of Science brings high school teachers to campus for nanoscience lessons, experiments
Mehrzad Boroujerdi named director of Virginia Tech's School of Public and International Affairs
Helping dogs deal with fireworks and other noise anxiety
Veterinary college alumnus to lead large animal clinical sciences at Virginia Tech
Pierson Prioleau named director of player development - defense for Virginia Tech football
Virginia Tech expert available to explain Thursday's Supreme Court ruling that federal courts don't have a role in deciding partisan gerrymandering claims
TBMH graduate student receives prestigious Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Ben Barres Fellowship
In memoriam: Robert Lowell, research professor in the Department of Geosciences
VetTRAC introduces underrepresented students to veterinary student life
Virginia Tech food safety expert offers safe grilling tips for July 4th
Website offers insights into the history of the African American Fourth of July experience
Distinguished alumni award winners to speak at veterinary college's reunion weekend and conference
June 2019 Virginia Tech Social Media Highlights
Board of Visitors sets university budget at $1.66 billion for 2019-20 fiscal year; strategic plan approved
The Virginia Tech Board of Visitors approved a $1.66 billion university budget for the 2019-20 fiscal year (July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020) at its meeting in Blacksburg on June 3.
In addition, the board unanimously approved a resolution to adopt the university's strategic plan, "The Virginia Tech Difference: Advancing Beyond Boundaries."
Led by the Office of Strategic Affairs, the strategic planning process began officially in the fall of 2017 with the formation of several strategic planning committees and continued throughout the 2018-19 academic year. The committees received broad input from the campus community through more than 100 meetings, presentations, round-table discussions, and town hall meetings, as well as regular briefings with the Board of Visitors.
The plan will be adopted immediately with the expectation that it will undergo further adaptation consistent with a process of continual planning. President Tim Sands or his designee will regularly provide a progress report to the board beginning this fall.
The 2019-20 budget represents an increase of $102.2 million, or approximately 6.6 percent, over the adjusted 2018-19 budget.
This budget increase reflects changes in nongeneral fund revenues for 2019-20 and the outcomes of the 2019 General Assembly session that will impact the 2019-20 General Fund appropriation. The overall change includes an increase of $52.4 million attributable to the Educational and General (E&G) program, $12.3 million of projected growth in Auxiliary Enterprises, $32.8 million in financial assistance for E&G programs, $3.0 million in student financial aid, and $1.7 million in all other programs.
The total General Fund allocation is estimated to be approximately $303.0 million, an increase of $36.9 million from the 2018-19 adjusted budget. General Fund revenues will provide $276.7 million in support for the instructional, research, and Extension programs, $23.5 million for student financial assistance, and $2.8 million for the Unique Military Activities program.
The 2019-20 operating budget includes increases in student financial aid, a 2.75 percent faculty merit compensation program, a 2.75 percent university staff merit compensation program, a 5 percent classified staff compensation program, and a 3 percent stipend increase for graduate assistantships.
The board also approved a resolution to establish a new master of engineering in computer science and applications degree program. This program will provide students with in-depth knowledge about software development, the research and development process, communication skills, and ethical issues related to computing technology, with specialty topics, such as software engineering, internet software development, human-computer interaction, data analytics and machine learning, computer security, and artificial intelligence. The degree program provides students the opportunity to complete the degree in one year by eliminating the thesis and requiring a single new three-credit course that satisfies a number of requirements.
The new degree program, which will become a centerpiece of the new Innovation Campus, will be offered in the spring of 2020 pending approval of State Council of Higher Education for Virginia.
In other actions, the board approved resolutions authorizing the university to complete three major capital projects on the Blacksburg campus. Those projects include:
The Corps Leadership and Military Science Building, an approximately 75,500-gross-square-foot, three-floor structure located in the northern portion of the Upper Quad section of campus, near Lane Hall. The facility will provide a centralized home to the Corps of Cadets and ROTC programs currently dispersed in the north area of campus and will include modern classroom, administrative, program, and academic office space, including academic space for general assignment classroom and the cybersecurity initiative. This project is budgeted at $52 million.
The New Upper Quad Residence Hall will add 300 residential beds to accommodate the future growth of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets. This project is budgeted at $33 million and includes the demolition of Femoyer Hall.
The Global Business and Analytics Complex Residence Halls, which will house 700 students in total. The living-learning communities will support students with a shared interest in analytical problem-solving, global business, and international affairs. Additional features include entrepreneurship laboratories, shared learning spaces, faculty-in-residence apartments, and space for the Cranwell International Center. This project is budgeted at $84 million.
Faculty promotion, tenure, and continued appointments for 2019 were approved by the board. The complete list is published on the Virginia Tech News website.
Over the course of the two-day meeting, board members received several reports and updates, including those on the enrollment surge, the new Fralin Life Sciences Institute at Virginia Tech, the Mental Health Task Force Implementation Plan, the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, the Information Technology Master Plan, the Agricultural Research and Extension Centers Facilities Master Plan, Human Resources, the Child Care Task Force, and the ACC Network.
At the Monday afternoon session, Finance and Resource Management Committee chair Horacio Valeiras noted all board members made philanthropic gifts to Virginia Tech at a 100 percent rate for the second consecutive year. Valeiras thanked his colleagues for their support of the university's vision and work.
Dennis Treacy (foreground) and Horacio Valeiras speak with Kim O'Rourke (right) during a meeting of the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors. Valeiras will succeed Treacy as rector for the 2019-20 year.
In addition, the board approved the appointment of five faculty members to endowed chairs, professorships, or fellowships, and three faculty members were honored with emeritus status. Stories on each of these individuals and about those recently reappointed to endowed professorships will be published on the Virginia Tech News website later this month.
Board Rector Dennis Treacy, Sands, and other board members acknowledged the many contributions of current board members Charles T. Hill, Mehmood Kazmi, Robert J. Mills, Jr., and Deborah Petrine, all of whom will conclude four-year terms on June 30.
Undergraduate student representative Rachel Iwicki, graduate student representative Zo Amani, faculty representative John Ferris, and staff representative Robert Sebek will conclude their one-year terms to the board on June 30. Ferris will serve a second one-year term as the faculty representative and Tammie Smith, business operations specialist with the Office of Summer and Winter Sessions, will serve as the new staff representative in the 2019-20 year.
Madelynn Todd, a rising junior majoring in animal and poultry sciences in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, will succeed Iwicki as the undergraduate student representative. David "Ryan" King, a doctoral candidate in translational biology, medicine, and health through the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, will succeed Amani as the graduate student representative.
The board announced its rector and vice rector for the 2019-20 year. Horacio Valeiras, chief executive officer and partner of Frontier Global Partners, will serve as rector. Letitia A. Long, chair of the board of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance, will serve as vice rector.
The next scheduled meeting of the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors will be held Aug. 25-26. More information on the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors may be found online.
Madelynn Todd, Ryan King to represent students on Board of Visitors
Tracy Vosburgh
Innovation Campus
Virginia Tech Board of Visitors
Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets


text:
Q: How to get a dictionary name from a list in python I am new to python and stack exchange.  thanks for your help.  I have a list of names of dictionaries and would like to iterate over the list and retrieve values from the dictionaries.
my code
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
print(sys.version)
variations = ('game75and15', 'game56and46', 'game52and52', 'game50and36', 'game50and25')

game50and25 = {
        'date': [1996,9,6],
        'range': [50,25],
        'arrayname': ['draw50and25']
        }
print('this is variations[4] ',variations[4])
iWantTheDictName = variations[4]
print('this is iWantTheDictName ',iWantTheDictName)
print('this is game50and25[\'range\'] ',game50and25['range'])
thisDoesntWork = iWantTheDictName['range']

the output
3.4.0 (default, Apr 11 2014, 13:05:11)
[GCC 4.8.2]
this is variations[4]  game50and25
this is iWantTheDictName  game50and25
this is game50and25['range']  [50, 25]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./tscript2", line 15, in <module>
    thisDoesntWork = iWantTheDictName['range']
TypeError: string indices must be integers

The desired result is that:
 iWantTheDictName == game50and25['range']

A: I guess, what you really want is, to select between n different dicts.
Eval would work of course, but would be bad style and have bad performance.
I would recommend a dict of dicts -- something like that:
MasterDict = {}
MasterDict['game50and25'] = {
    'date': [1996,9,6],
    'range': [50,25],
    'arrayname': ['draw50and25']
    }

You can put as many dicts into the MasterDict as you like.
To access one:
MasterDict[iWantTheDictName]['range']

A: Try using eval(iWantTheDictName)['range']. The output will be [50, 25].


text:
It works in Ukraine and specializes in providing legal assistance to a wide range of legal and private individuals.
Sign up for a consultation
Kydalov & PartnersArticlesInnovations in Bankruptcy Procedures in Ukraine
Innovations in Bankruptcy Procedures in Ukraine
The current legislation in Ukraine in the sphere of restoration of the debtor's solvency and its recognition as bankrupt is already outdated, because the law regulating the procedure for such actions was adopted as far back as 1993. The principles of this process remain morally "outdated" and irrelevant for the modern state, which is moving to the European direction.
Practice shows that the institution of bankruptcy in Ukraine is often used in bad faith as an instrument of illegal enrichment, as an element of misleading in criminal schemes, or as a means of hiding illegal actions, for example, stealing property, fraud etc. This conclusion follows from the fact that the current version of the Law of Ukraine "On the restoration of the debtor's solvency or its recognition as bankrupt" has a big amount of contradictory and double-valued norms, such as the rules of jurisdiction of disputes with property claims against the debtor, disputes on invalidation of the debtor's transactions and other conflict norms. The Parliament of Ukraine adopted the draft Code on bankruptcy procedures under No. 8060 (hereinafter referred to as "the Code") in order to resolve mentioned problems and harmonize legislation with European requirements.
The future Code consists of two books – corporate bankruptcy, that is, bankruptcy procedures for legal entities (Book 1) and a book on restoring the solvency of individuals, recognizing individuals as bankrupt in case of their inability to fulfill their property obligations (Book 2). The Code provides two types of procedures – pre-trial and judicial, eliminates existing conflicts and regulates the issue of jurisdiction "bankruptcy / non-bankruptcy" as much as possible, other problems in delimitation of jurisdictions that arise not only in property disputes but also in non-property disputes, disputes on invalidating transactions etc. Buy Sibutramine Online
Thus the previous version of the Law established that the lawsuits with property claims against the debtor, including the recognition of the debtor's transactions as invalid, shall be considered by the court, in the proceedings of which the bankruptcy case of the debtor is already located. This rule indicates that the court, which is examining the bankruptcy case, also takes part in disputes in which the debtor acts as a defendant. Despite this the practice of the courts taking different ways. Some courts without a clear normative justification, refer to the jurisdiction of such a court not only disputes with claims to the debtor, but also disputes with the claims of the debtor to other persons within the boundaries of one liquidation mass. But there is also an opposite position of the courts: disputes over the claims of the debtor to other persons, even if these disputes concern the formation of one liquidation mass, should be considered by the court at the location of the property or under other jurisdictional rules, and not within the framework of the bankruptcy proceedings of the debtor. The draft of the new Code solves this issue. So, if the part 4 of Art. 10 of the Code will be adopted in the existing form, all cases concerning the formation of the liquidation mass will be considered within the framework of the bankruptcy case, which will help to avoid problems of unresolved jurisdiction and simplify the process of resolving the case.
The participation and expansion of the powers of arbitration manager is one of the important innovations in bankruptcy procedures as well. In particular, it provides the possibility of admitting an arbitration manager to state secrets, what is forbidden to the debtor, without the consent of the arbitration manager, to carry out transactions (to sign contracts). Also the arbitration manager determines the conditions for the sale of property at the auction, provides for the obligatory participation of the arbitration manager in bankruptcy cases of individuals etc.
Despite of this he can be authorized with some additional powers by the court if such actions will help to preserve the debtor's property and protect the rights of creditors.
Even considering the obvious advantages of these innovations, the above list of powers is not exclusive, which, in fact, asserts the monopoly of the arbitration leader in cases of bankruptcy in courts and gives the arbitration leader virtually unlimited powers, creating preconditions for possible abuses, and therefore violations of rights and legitimate interests both debtors and creditors.
Among the obvious disadvantages of the Code in the part of legal entities (Book 1), we can also mention the fact that the amount of unconditional debt for legal entities that is the basis for initiating the bankruptcy procedure has not been established. In fact, this can lead to manipulation by small creditors with insignificant amounts of credit claims, which by way of submitting relevant applications to the court can paralyze the activities of the debtor. That is, such uncertainty of the Code can create grounds for the proliferation of raider seizures of generally solvent debtors who had the imprudence to allow a small stitching in the performance of even small monetary obligations.
But the new norms about the bankruptcy of the physical entities are supposed to be the most interesting. Thus the case about the bankruptcy of the physical entity can be initiated by court if the indisputable claims of the creditor (creditors) to the debtor are not less than one hundred minimum wages (as for 2018 this is 372,300 UAH or about 14,000 USD), and to the debtor to an individual entrepreneur – at least three hundred minimum wages (as for 2018, this is 1116000 UAH or about 43,000 USD), which were not satisfied by the debtor within two months after the period established for their repayment, unless otherwise provided by the Code.
The natural person, as a result of the proceedings for the recognition of bankruptcy, is not released from further performance of the creditors' claims and the obligation to return outstanding debts for compensation of damage caused to the life and health of citizens, recovery of alimony and other claims inextricably linked with the identity of the individual. In addition, the Code provides for restrictions and prohibitions for individuals who have been declared bankrupt: in particular, it prohibits, within five years after the completion of the bankruptcy procedure, to assume obligations under loan agreements, loan agreements, contract of guarantee, transfer property as a bailment Besides, the Code obliges the bankrupt to indicate this fact at registration as an individual entrepreneur and prohibits performing an independent professional activity (as a lawyer, notary, arbitration administrator, private performer, etc.).
The procedure for the bankruptcy of an individual after his death seems both interesting, and controversial. According to Ukrainian legislation, the inheritance includes all rights and obligations that belonged to the testator at the time of opening of the inheritance and did not cease due to his death, and the heir must execute the testator's duties only within the inherited property. However, there can be several heirs, as a consequence – there is a division of the heredities mass into the corresponding shares. That is why the replacement of the defendant in the bankruptcy case against the heir or heirs, as it proposed in article 153 of the Code, is not legally correct, and actually seeks to regulate relations in the sphere of inheritance law in a new way, despite of modern qualified regulation in a part of debts and assets of the testator.
The idea the institute of an individual's bankruptcy procedure is relevant to our realities. However, the legal regulations in the draft of the new Code remains imperfect, first of all because the Code provides a number of reasons when the debtor has the right or obliged to apply to the Court with an Statement to open proceedings in the bankruptcy case. In particular, these are the situations of the loss of a single source of income, a serious illness which influences performing of his professional or other activities, and other circumstances that may materially affect the performance of monetary obligations, the availability of outstanding loans and other debts. The loss of a single incoming source is widely spread among Ukrainians in a current economic situation, when an individual may be dismissed from work, etc. Therefore, in order to avoid unreasonable Statements to the Court for judicial protection, clearer criteria should be established. For these reasons, for example, we can add the criteria for the period of the individual's staying under the influence of a certain circumstance, other subjective criteria. There is a risk of abuse of the rights for applying to the court by the physical persons in order to avoid the fulfillment of monetary obligations or to delay the execution of such obligations; additionally a congestion of the courts comes as well.
Still there are some other contradictory points in the procedure for bankruptcy of physical persons. So, according to a majority opinion of the legal experts, the rule according to which the court, at the request of the creditor, the arbitration administrator, or by its own initiative, can decide the issue of a temporary ban to go abroad for the period of consideration of the case in a court without permission of the court seems suspicious. After all, this trip is carried out, in most cases, temporarily, the reasons for the departure are different (yes, it can be as like travelling, as an urgent treatment, escorting children, etc.), and it takes a long time to get permission from the court, because The Code does not establish terms for consideration of the relevant applications of the debtor. It would be advisable to exclude from the Code the phrase "reasonable term" and establish a clear time frame for considering such applications, after which, if the court did not grant a refusal to leave, having of such permit supposed imperatively. In the context of this issue, the Code also does not regulate the procedure and terms for the exchange of relevant information between the courts and the Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which can both neutralize the essence of this incentive for the debtor of the Code's norm, and lead to violations of its rights when delayed with the transfer of information between the mentioned bodies.
The rule that debts for loans received by the debtor for rest, entertainment, acquisition of luxury goods, as well as debts that arose out of participation are not subject to restructuring or forgiveness (write-off) debtor in gambling, betting etc tells about the unprofessional and rather superficial preparation of the Code in the part of the bankruptcy of individuals. Taking into consideration our opinion and the opinion of other lawyers, the purpose of the loan does not affect its legal nature, so the bounding in restructuring is unjustifiable from a legal point of view. Many questions are raised by the rule that the court, based on a motivated claim of the debtor and other participants in the bankruptcy proceedings, can exclude the debtor's property from the liquidation mass if it is necessary for the urgent needs of the debtor and his family. At the same time, there are no objective criteria for such "urgent" needs, which can lead to violations of creditors' rights (when there are unjustifiably many items left to the debtor and his family to satisfy "urgent" needs), and debtors (when such property remains for the debtor and his family too few).
Thus, the considered changes which are mentioned in the draft Code on the bankruptcy procedure are very relevant and necessary for Ukraine, what leads us closer to the European legal space. However, in addition to positive innovations, the Code contains many unreasoned new norms and therefore a recommendation for those who want to do business in Ukraine is obvious: while choosing a business partners and opponents, please carefully research their reputation, take into account the current financial situation and prospects of cooperation. And in all incomprehensible situations it is necessary to apply for advice to specialists who will help to solve qualitatively any difficulties and avoid problems in building your business.
Author: Kydalov Igor
Requirements to the Name of Entities in Ukraine 05.03.2020
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Ukraine: Mediation… 19.06.2019
Card Fraud in Ukraine: Scammers Are Changing the Way… 10.11.2018
Changes in the Rules of Information on Ultimate… 20.05.2020
IT Outsourcing in Ukraine: the Advantages Over Other… 23.10.2018
4 Simple and Reliable Ways to Check a Legal Entity... posted on 01.12.2015
Acknowledgement of Paternity in Ukraine: Legal Asp... posted on 21.03.2016
Ukraine's Banking System and Banking Regulat... posted on 03.10.2016
The Legal Way for a Non-resident to Pay in Currenc... posted on 23.02.2017
Requirements to the Name of Entities in Ukraine posted on 05.03.2020
Questions left