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State Rep. Howard Hunter III, D-Hertford, speaks at the Pasquotank County Democratic Convention at the Pasquotank County Courthouse, Saturday morning.
Area Democrats called for more voter participation if they hope to win key upcoming elections. That means voting not only in the 2020 general election, but also in this year's special election in July to fill the vacant 3rd Congressional District seat.
Hunter was speaking at the Pasquotank County Democratic Party Convention, held Saturday morning in Courtroom A of the Pasquotank Courthouse. About 40 people, some of them delegates, were in attendance, as were representatives for 3rd Congressional District candidates Richard Bew and Allen Thomas.
Hunter said the 2020 general election will be critical for Democrats. In North Carolina, the ballot will include Gov. Roy Cooper and Cheri Beasley, who Cooper appointed as chief justice to the state's Supreme Court in February. Beasley, the state's first black woman to hold that position, was appointed after Mark Martin announced his retirement the previous month. While she was appointed by the governor, Beasley still has to run in 2020 if she hopes to maintain the seat.
Treva Gregory, chairwoman of the Pasquotank Democrats, echoed Hunter's comments in her call for increased voter turnout. She suggested residents begin by forming small groups that knock on doors in their neighborhoods to encourage people to get involved in the elections process.
Hunter, who served as the event's keynote speaker, touched on several issues important to Democrats, such as expansion of Medicaid in North Carolina. He said 37 other states have expanded Medicaid and must be satisfied with their decision, as none has reversed course.
Expanding Medicaid would help around 500,000 North Carolinians get better access to health care.
"That helps keep the cost down for anyone who has health care now," he said.
Expansion would also give the economy a boost, Hunter said. That's because 500,000 new people with access to health care would lead to creation of more jobs to help provide that care, he said.
Medicaid is a federally- and state-funded program that covers health care costs for poor and disabled residents. In North Carolina, Medicaid is available to children and parents of low-income households, elderly people, pregnant women and the disabled.
In February, Democratic lawmakers submitted legislation to expand Medicaid. If the legislation passes, it would expand coverage to any adult between the ages of 18 and 65 whose annual income is no more than about $16,200.
Expanding Medicaid also would be an effective way to provide mental health services to people seeking treatment for opioid addiction, Hunter said.
"Remember, 37 states, and not a single one has changed its mind," he said.
Hunter touted Gov. Roy Cooper's proposed $25 million state budget, which includes money for teacher salary increases.
Expanding broadband to the rural corners of the state must also be a priority, Hunter said.
"It's really tough to succeed without meaningful broadband access," he said, adding that everyone from soybean farmers to students would benefit.
Butch Bracknell spoke at Saturday's convention on behalf of Richard Bew, one of six Democratic candidates in the upcoming 3rd Congressional District special election.
Bracknell, who retired from the U.S. Marine Corps, said he served several years alongside Bew, who is a retired Marine colonel and pilot.
As a leader in the Marines, Bew met with all the people under his command, not just the local units, Bracknell said. That's the same approach Bew will take in ensuring he makes frequent visits to northeastern North Carolina, Bracknell said.
"He will bring that mentality to this district," he said.
Bracknell said Bew is opposed to offshore drilling and understands that rising sea levels pose a threat to residents living in the district's coastal areas.
Standing in for candidate Allen Thomas at Saturday's Pasquotank convention was his field organizer, Zack Pate.
Thomas is the current executive director of the North Carolina Global Transpark in Kinston and a former mayor of Greenville.
U.S. Rep. G.K. Butterfield, D-NC, recently endorsed Allen, Pate told the audience.
Pate said among Thomas' chief concerns is creating job opportunities in eastern North Carolina to keep local students from leaving the region to find work.
Medicaid expansion and improving broadband access are other top issues, Pate said.
Bew and Thomas are among six Democrats and 17 Republicans hoping to fill the U.S. House seat left vacant by the death of Walter Jones in February. The primary election to decide party nominees to vie for Jones' seat will be held April 30. The nominees will then square off in the general election on July 9.


text:
Healing music : The perceived and actual effects of vibration through music on the human condition.
"The Sound is inside us. It is invisible. Wherever I look I find it." -Guru Nanak[T1]
Guru Nanak explains to us that the most significant aspect of music [T2] is sound itself. Through intense concentration the sound of a single note can be internalized , and through this process can be used to bring a deeper insight of the self. [T3]
It is in the individual consciousness that the sound really exists. Individuality is like island in the sea. Human are all connected under the sea and people share one consciousness.
Exploring into microtone, timbre, spectral, tonality, and intension to search vibration that effects in human body and be 'tuned' to the very nature of music.
Introduction[T4]
There are many scale modes in music. Lydian scale sounds happy. Melodic minor or Dorian mode sounds sad. Major pentatonic scale has authenticity in it.[T5] But imagine if there are more notes between the notes. It would give whole different meaning to musical mood. The composers are exploring to infinite possibilities of the moods in the microtonal world ever since composer Harry Partch[T6] build 43 tone unique instruments during the depression. [T7] The revolution of the microtone is significant.[T8] Musician can now divide octaves into 90 different notes.[T9] In term of talking about microtonal music as untuned, there are no tuned music exists because if equal temperament became popular for the modulation reason and omitting the differences of notes, equal temperament isn't really in tune either.[T10]
Most of ethnic instruments were not tuned with equal temperament until recently.[T11] Those instruments are built to sound good at in its original climate and its envelopment (environment?). Ethnic musical instruments are all tuned different throughout the world. It is because the instruments are tuned according to the surrounding condition. It is natural to tune own voice and the instruments with nature and envelopment. [T12]
In early 2008, I was at Annaikati, rural area in Tamil Nadu, India. I discovered that the birds and cows are all in tuned. I had electric tempura machine to sample the tuning correctly. The tempura machine showed that cow was crying at somewhere one octave below middle Eb. Birds were singing at one octave above middle Eb, followed by B and Gb. More interestingly people were speaking at Eb. Especially when they want to enfaces (emphasize?) the phrase, the voice most likely stayed at Eb. Everything was in tuned and whole sound in the area made one great musical piece. It cannot be done if sounds were not in tuned.[T13]
Frequency and environment
Nature is in tuned. In the nature, there is 'Shruti' or note that tunes the environment such as Eb in Annaikati[T14] . Shruti is the Hindustani word for microtone, the smallest interval of pitch the ear can detect, according to Indian music theory. However there is 'Shruti' in even crowded city.[T15] It is possible to be tuned with city.[T16] There are a lot of noises at different notes in the city. And when a listener focuses on one particular note or frequency, graduate all the sounds starts to emphasis on that particular note. The listener only needs to repeat that note in the head and try to be with the note. [T17]
This is the law of the vibration. Similar frequency of vibration would tend to vibrate together. People experience this law of vibration in the everyday life. People tend to meet same minded people while there are a lot more people out there. Similar vibration tends to attract each other.[T18]
It is easy to create harmony among same minded people. They can share idea and be influenced with each other. It is same with environment. If a parson focus on similar vibration with ourselves and the environment, he/she can create harmony and he can be tuned to the environment.[T19]
In the other word, a parson can be tuned to the world by cultivating to see similar vibration in any material and non material things.[T20]
Red color gives people impression of rage, passion and energy.[T21] Green color gives them sense of peace and the nature. Blue gives them sense of relaxation and coolness.[T22] People living in the mountain tend to wear earthy color like brown and green because the mountain is made out of trees of green and earth of brown[T23] . People in the sea side prefer bright color because that is how color looks like when strong Sun reflects on the white sand. [T24] People in the Sahara desert wear strong blue and black color combination and nothing else because there are no colors in the desert. Likewise, it is the human's nature to be harmonize with the nature. Human like to wear the colors that their milieu offers to them.
It is same as the sound.[T25] Human tend to harmonize with the nature and environment. People like to make sound that is around the environment. Sometimes they imitate sound that is in their background. It is to add human element into the music that is already exists in the surroundings as a part of nature. The music of the nature is already perfect and whole. The nature is constantly presenting beautiful music with or without the audience. Music from people can only add ornaments to pre-existing song of the nature.[T26]
A Jazz musician and a composer Fabien Maman said
"I have a personal dream of tuning an entire city to A. What if, for 20 minutes, TV, radio stations and hospital intercoms played pieces in the key of A?
What if children sang songs, mothers hummed to their babies, all in the key of A!
Perhaps for 20 minutes at least, the city would be harmonized."—(Fabien Maman,2005 )[1][T27]
Maman, discovered how a particular frequency of the note affects to human cell by biology experimentation at University of Jussieu in Paris in early 80s.
In the theory, the vibration of the sound can bring Universe together. Harmony in the society comes from seeing the self in the big picture. When people's intention comes together by listening to a particular frequency of the note, it would create peace in people's mind as well as among the people and the nature.[T28]
Chapter 1. Self Identity[T29]
With the philosophy of 'self identity', the self doesn't stop at its own skin and the fresh. The size of self is as big as a human's consciousness. Yet people tend to identify self smaller because they see differences in them and in the other people in the human relationship. They often try to be 'Unique' so that they can distinguish the self comparing to other parson. The tendency of 'Uniqueness' started long ago when people start to posses own materials instead of using them on the sharing bases.
"A human being is a part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty." -Albert Einstein
When people think about 'who am I', they tend to find answers by asking 'what am I different from other people'. The question of 'who am I' does not exist without other people.
Indentifying the self by comparison to other people tends to in balance the self. The self needs to be in balance with the nature and the other human being in order to keep the balance in them. The harmony in the self and with the surroundings is essential for the balanced life. And the balanced life come from the self identifying in the bigger picture which is no longer the comparison to other parson but harmonizing with other people. And to be tuned with environment.
"The levels or layers of person are divided typically into at least two facets. There is a private subject and a public person, a self known to self and the person known to and identified by others. Despite various schemes and labels promoted by contesting schools of thought, the principle is the same: inner and outer; secret and shared; individual and social; subjective and objective. While separable heuristically (and in some way separate actually), these layers must overlap to some extent. When they do not, the individual is likely to experience the "radical estrangement" or "hyperalienation" (Kovel 1987, p. 334) of self so characteristic of schizophrenia." (Sue E. Estroff,[2])
Identity as a whole
"The goal of life is to realize the self. The self is an archetype that represents the transcendence of all opposites, so that every aspect of your personality is expressed equally. You are then neither and both male and female, neither and both ego and shadow, neither and both good and bad, neither and both conscious and unconscious, neither and both an individual and the whole of creation. And yet, with no oppositions, there is no energy, and you cease to act. Of course, you no longer need to act." (Dr. C. George Boeree, 2006, CARL JUNG)
All activities of human being are coming out from the desperate thirst of the self seeking. It is human's instinct to know the self. It is only reason why human live life on the earth. Human do not live life to find shelter and food to keep the chain of human DNA going. Human use their life to seek the self.
But how to realize the self. Each parson has their own way to learn the self. There is way to learn self through music too. As Zimbabwe's Shona people say "Mbira is the bible". They would play Mbira for hours for their spiritual contacts. By playing the Mbira, the musician would gain the insight to the self and eventually would become a Sharman to guide their society.
"Music acts on the universe, heaven, and earth, and on all the beings contained therein."(Paradis),[3]
"Being the expression of natural harmonies, music is a translation of the moral forces that are also a part of the universe; it arises from it but regulates it in turn. This aspect of the world's system has been profoundly analyzed and minutely exposed first by the classical books, then later, by philosophers and historians. The Yue ji studies these questions from every point of view. It points out, on the one hand, similarities and essential relations between psychological, social, or political facts, and on the other, notes, instruments, melodies, songs, etc."[4]
"Music expresses the accord of heaven and earth…produces harmony between men and spirits."[5](Preau,1932)
And when one finds the 'self', one note would be enough to talk about the whole world, whereas seeker of 1000 notes would still not be able to find anything. In this way, one can say that the music doesn't start when the sound comes. "The music starts with in the intension"(Adrian Sheriff, 2008)[6]. So the music reflects exactly what one is. The music shows how much one has realized the 'self'.
"The sound is round like a sphere, yet when one hears it; it seems to have only two dimensions: register and duration-of the third [dimension] we know that it exists, but it escapes us in some way. The high and low overtones sometimes give the impression of a more comprehensive, manifold sound beyond duration and register, but it is difficult to comprehend its complexity".[7]-(Scelsi,1950's)
Zimbabwe's Mbira functions as mediator between the two worlds. Mbira is played by Shona tribe people for thousand years.
"Mbira pervades all aspects of Shona culture, both sacred and secular. Its most important function is as a "telephone to the spirits", used to contact both deceased ancestors and tribal guardians, at all-night bira (pl. mapira) ceremonies. At these ceremonies, vadzimu (spirits of family ancestors), mhondoro (spirits of deceased chiefs) and makombwe (the most powerful guardian spirits of the Shona) give guidance on family and community matters and exert power over weather and health."[8]- (Erica Azim)
In Zimbabwe, contacting with the ancestors helps people to be in the balanced life. The Shona people believe in Shave and Vadzimu spirits. Shave spirits are wandering spirits and vadzimu spirits are ancestor spirits. Shave spirits are connected to people who live around Shona people's territory. Shave spirits can inspire the talent in music, healing, and art though bad spirits can disturb people. Vadzimu represent all that is ideal and moral about a Shona way of life. Vadzimu spirits are ancestors of Shona people especially in the recent decent. They protect Shona society as long as people pay good respect to them.
By using Mbira, Shona people keep connection to ancestors. By playing the Mbira, they pay respect and ask for the protection for the society. Mbira is not played for the personal pleasure. Individuals are function in the society therefore the well being of the society brings joy to individual. There is more research on tribal people that they identify self as a whole society.
In Brazilian tribe in Amazon, they do not have a word 'Happy' in their own language. The closest word they have is 'Everyone is happy'.
In traditional culture of Africa, a person is born to belong to their own society. Their job is to create peace among them. There is no happiness without happiness around them. By living in the nature, they know that they cannot live alone. They do not identify their self only inside their body. Their self is much bigger than their own body.
In Hindu view of world, each ego is like islands in the sea. People are actually connected deeply inside the sea.
There is a phenomenon called "Hundredth Monkey Effect" which was study of Japanese monkey in Koshima Island in 1952. The scientists discovered that the discovery of washing sweet potatoes among monkeys spread beyond the island suddenly when the number of monkeys increased up to certain number. Monkeys in distant place somehow knew the practice and they also started to wash sweet potatoes. This study proves that monkeys are unconsciously connected under the sea. Human could also be connected with each other under the sea.
"A human being is part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. We experience ourselves, our thoughts and feelings as something separate from the rest. A kind of optical delusion of consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from the prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. The true value of a human being is determined by the measure and the sense in which they have obtained liberation from the self. We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if humanity is to survive. "[9]
-(Albert Einstein,1954)
Music represents time and space. And it seeks freedom within the time and spaces. The time and spaces are illusion. But until each human becomes the absolute reality, the time and space is a tool for the self seeking. Ego is a tool to come in to this world and experience this world. Emotions also, if a parson use it as a tool, it can help to experience this world. If a parson is not caught in the illusion of time, space and emotion and not attached to it, it is a good instrument to play whole experience. It could be used as a tool to liberate self from the prejudice and the perception of the self identification.
What separates me from most so-called atheists is a feeling of utter humility toward the unattainable secrets of the harmony of the cosmos. –( Albert Einstein,1953) [10]
Chapter 2. Healing
Drum Healing
In Minianka tribe of Mali, North Africa the drum serves healing function for the society and the individuals. It is played at every moment in the life, for occasion of work, celebration of the events, communication with ancestors, herbal medicine, and for the funerals occasionally followed by dances, singing and poetry.
It is the example of tuning the self with other parson and making harmony with it by using the drum. In the village, the drum player is a doctor for curing patients. According to West-African wisdom teachings, "emotional disturbance manifests as an irregular rhythm that blocks the vital physical energy flow."[11][T30]
A drum player would find particular rhythm that suits the ill patient. The player would go into the patient mind by tuning himself with the patient through playing the drum. And the player would slowly provide the balance to the patience's mind by guidance with the rhythm.
Layne Redmond said "The frame drum have been used for thousands of years in the act of worship in the Mediterranean world. Ancient sources say that the frame drum was not just a powerful symbol of spiritual presence, it was an important tool for many spiritual experiences."[12]
"Beauty is born of harmony. (…) Harmony is right proportion, in other words, right rhythm. And what is life? Life is the outcome of harmony. At the back of the whole creation is harmony, and the whole secret of creation is harmony. (…) What man calls happiness, comfort, profit or gain, all he longs for and wishes to attain is harmony, and the whole secret of creation is harmony." (Hazrat Inayat Khan 1988)
Hazrat Inayat Khan says that the whole secret of healing is the harmony. When the object is in the balance or in the harmony, people pursue it as beauty. Beauty is in harmony and the happiness is in harmony. The music can add what is lacking in the parson and bring back the balance.
Intention[T31]
"There is an old saying Swara hi Eshwar hai. In every culture, Music has its roots in spirituality. Music has always been an internal part of worship of God. That is why hymns, carols, bhajans, shabads, kirtans etc. are all forms of prayer. Through music we can convey our innermost feelings"
-(Amjad Ali Khan,2007)[13]
Intention is most important aspect in composition and performance. Dr. Emoto [14]has studied crystalline pattern in the water. He gave different words to water and the resulted pattern was significantly different. Dr. Emoto has proven that when one gives word love to water, it forms beautiful geometric pattern which doesn't happen when negative words are given. When one gives good intension to the water, water response to it. Since we are all result of vibration, the good intension gives us good effect just like water does. It is proven with the research of Quantum Physics too. The intension of the researcher results in the studying material. The intension has strong power to the result of effort. In music also, when listener focus intension in the music, the intension will carry to the audience.
Sufi writer Hazrat Inayat Khan says voice is breath. In Sanskrit, breath is called Prana and Prana also means energy or 'Ki' in Japanese. It's the 'Prana' that Aikido master knocks down his enemy without even touching him. With this 'Prana', a parson would be able to express very strongly. "If there is anything in the world that can give expression to the mind and the feelings, it is the voice. Very often it happens that a person speaks on a certain subject with a thousand words, and it has no influence; yet another person who expresses a thought in a few words can make a deep impression. This shows that the power is not in the words, but in what is behind the words; that is, in the psychological power in the voice which comes from Prana. According to its strength it impresses the listener." (Hazrat Inayat Khan 1988)
Intention of playing the music is not same as a reason of playing the music. Reason of playing the music could possibly separates the player and the music. When two things are separated, the player would see difference between himself and the music. When player see himself as music, it would have clear intention. Intention becomes music.
Frequency + Intention = Healing[15]
Jonathan Goldman came up with the equation of Frequency + Intention = Healing in the book 'The power of intent'. He says that the intention is as important as the note of the song. It would be meaningless to conduct healing music without pure intention.
"In the universe there is an immeasurable, indescribable force which sorcerers call intent, and absolutely everything that exists in the entire cosmos is attached to intent by a connecting link. Sorcerers, or warriors, are concerned with discussing, understanding, and employing that connecting link. They are especially concerned with cleaning it of the numbing effects brought about by the ordinary concerns of their everyday lives. Sorcery at this level could be defined as the procedure of cleaning one's connecting link to intent."[16](Carlos Castaneda,1941)
Intention has strong connection with the identification of the self. When the identification of the self is broad, the intention does not come from own ego. When the identification of the self stays within the body, the intention can only come out from one parson and it would tend to connect with ego and personal desire.
Carlos Castaneda says when a musician is in selfless state, out from their daily concerns, it would make great chance for good musical performance because the intention that moves energy. The music would travel through the people.
I am not an island
I am not alone
I am my intentions
Trapped here in this flesh and bone
-(Melissa Etheridge "I Need to Wake Up")
Therefore composition is not only about notes and sound but composing the intension is very important part of musical performance.
Chapter 3. What is Sound
What is sound that human hear every day. The research says that there is no moment that human is separated from the sound. Even in the sound proofed room, a parson would hear his body functioning.
Everything in this world is made out of electrons. And the vibration of the electron makes particles that form matter. The vibration, in other word, the energy forms the world. The sound is also a form of energy and has its vibration. Therefore any energy has sound wither a parson hears it or not.
Scelsi liked to say: "Sound is immobility's first motion", adding: "There is the beginning of Creation!"
Much religion talks about sound as the cause of the creation.
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
2 The same was in the beginning with God.
3 All things were made through him; and without him was not anything made that hath been made.
4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men.
5 And the light shineth in the darkness; and the darkness apprehended it not.[17]"(John 1, Bible)
In Hindu philosophy, 'Om', a primary chant in Hinduism is a creator, Brahman. When Hindu practioner goes into very beginning of the creation during the deep meditation, he hears the sound 'Om'.
"Om is Brahman, the Primeval Being. This is the Veda which the knowers of Brahman know; through it one knows what is to be known."(Brihadaranyaka Upanishad)[18]
Jonathan Goldman, a musician and a founder of organization Healing sounds says
"The world was created through sound!" Shamael said. I nodded my head and watched as he waved his hand. I saw the creation of the earth and the planets, of suns and galaxies and universes. "It is not sound as you would think of in human terms. You think of sound as that which you perceive through your sense of hearing. Everything in the universe is in a state of vibration and has its own natural frequency. Everything in the universe was created from these frequencies which are unique and natural to themselves… "(Golaman,Jonathan)[19]
Sound is made out of vibration and the whole world is made out of the vibration. Humans are also made out of the vibration.
To understand the sound is to understand the self. To understand the sound is to understand the beginning of the creation.
"Scelsi was obsessed with a certain sonoral quality and knew exactly what he wished musically... I think he intuited a sensitivity and propensity for losing myself in sound, an advantage for playing his particular music. After all those years of rehearsing and perfecting the Trilogy, he encouraged me to abandon technical considerations and let the works fly in freedom."
- Frances-Marie Uitti[20]
Scelsi has unique style of composing song. When he gets inspiration, he would go to his piano and play it though with pure improvisation. He would record the sound and ask his assistant to transcribe the music. This way he would maintain the intensity of inspiration rather vivid than writing everything down on paper.
"Scelsi had already composed about thirty pieces, when, towards the end of the war, he underwent a serious crisis, calling for years of hospitalization. Whilst in the nursing home, he found his own therapy: he would spend hours at the keyboard, endlessly playing the same note and immersed in concentrated and intense listening, thus renewing experiences going back to early childhood. This saved him, and from 1952 onwards he started composing again, but in the entirely new and different language which allowed him to create about a hundred works within thirty years. In direct contradiction with the then prevailing serial combinatory way of thinking, his music explored the very center of sound, in order to liberate the infinite energy within. "
He became much involved with spirituality after series of retreat with a sound. He has studied Russian philosopher Gurdjueff, Blavatsky, theosophy, yoga, Buddhism, and Indian mystic Sri Aurobindo. He also had spiritual journey to Middle East and Asia. He healed himself by concentrating on one note. He has discovered the world within the note by the power of concentration. There are meditation technique in India which is aim to unite with the sound, called Nada Yoga. The practice of the nada Yoga is to face focus upon the inaudible sound that comes within the self. In Indian Veda tradition, the truth is within the self and the seeker seek the truth in the self
Scelsi said "He who does not penetrate to the interior, to the heart of sound, even though a perfect craftsman, a great technician, will never be a true artist, a true musician." [21]
He insisted that he is not a composer but a mediator between spiritual world and the material world. This phenomenon can be seen at almost any part of the world's tradition. Music was, and always has been the mediator between two worlds.
His music Quattro pezzi su una nota sola (1959) are about the search within the self. It is the work for chamber orchestra and it is beyond the tonality and microtone. It gives experience about the state of being to the audience. It is the 4 dimensional music which focuses on the energy and the time of now. The music does not go anywhere and it always stays in the time of now. It is about being inspired than trying to achieve the goal.
Microtonal music
Tuning system has been changed over many years. In 12 Equal temperament system which is current most popular tuning system has 523Hz on middle C. Yet this frequency will not probably stay for very long time. Tuning system is also seeking for the self. The system has tendency to want to liberate self from limitation.
Everything is made out of vibration, or energy. All the energy, material or living form has instinct to seek self. Tuning system is also seeking the self.
"Through Vibration comes Motion
Through Motion comes Color
Through Color comes Tone"
- (Pythagoras of Samos,560BC-480BC)[22]
"Pythagoras of Samos taught that the movements of the planets traveling through the universe created sounds, and could be perceived by those who were trained to hear them. This music of the spheres could be replicated using a single stringed instrument called the monochord. Pythagoras used the monochord to explain musical intervals and harmonics to his students. He taught how harmony may be produced when tuning the high and low notes in the octave, thereby laying the foundation for many of the theories and teachings that have come down through the musical traditions."(9ways,2007)[23]
Pythagoras made a connection between astrology, mathematics and the music. Music system was the reflection of the Universe.
According to Gurdjieff, certain melodies composed of microtones on inner octaves have the power to affect the inner states of humans and animals.[24]
Experimentation of different tuning system is another human's instinct for the self seeking. Human would like to discover the secrets of the Universal rule. Tuning system is also based on the Universal rule of mathematics.
The musical tuning can be seen as a sequence of numbers called 'Fibonacci Numbers'. It looks like how shell curves the way they are. And it also looks like the shapes of our DNA cords which circulates and goes up. The music tuning also circulates and goes up.
· An example of Fibonacci Numbers1
It is the mathematics of the Universe. Music tuning is no exception of symbol of rule of the Universe.
Just Intonation
Just intonation has the shape of spiral cord as well. The next octave is slightly higher than the previous octave.
"Just Intonation is not a particular scale, nor is it tied to any particular musical style. It is, rather, a set of principles which can be used to create a virtually infinite variety of intervals, scales, and chords which are applicable to any style of tonal music (or even, if you wish, to atonal styles). Just Intonation is not, however, simply a tool for improving the consonance of existing music; ultimately, it is a method for understanding and navigating through the boundless reaches of the pitch continuum—a method that transcends the musical practices of any particular culture."[25]
The pioneer of just intonation is an American composer Harry Partch. There are few more composers who used Just intonation include Lou Harrison, Ben Johnston, György Ligeti, Shohei Tanaka, Carl Eitz ,Douglas Leedy, Kathleen Schlesinger, Max Meyer Pauline Oliveros, Terry Riley, Adam Silverman, and La Monte Young.[26]
-Bach and the art of temperament
Equal temperament, with all thirds quite high.
Meantone tuning, with most of the thirds pure and the others impossibly high.
Composer whose music suggests meantone to equal temperament is Hanry Purcell.
"Nowadays we play but rarely B major and A flat major, and pieces are never set in F sharp major or C sharp major."-hanry purcell
Discussion of Bach's 'Well Tempered Clavier'
E flat G sharp
It is the tuning system called Werckmeister III which was a popular tuning in Bach's time. These songs are collection of solo keyboard music composed for a Well temperament.
In Europe, they used to have 17, 19, and 31 tone keyboards hundreds years ago. So one can say that the recent music experiences the joy of modulation by using 12 equal temperament and the music then experienced more detailed note in the diatonic scale.
"Music was born free; and to win freedom is its destiny" –( Dante Michelangelo Benvenuto Ferruccio Busoni,1907)[27]
Music composers have been seeking for way to express self through much freedom. The microtone idea gave expressive freedom to the composers.
In contemporary 20th century music, the composers explored microtones and tuning system began with Harry Partch, Julian Carrillo, Ivan Wyschnegradsky, Ivor Darreg Ivor Darreg, Alois Haba Haba, Lou Harrison and Ben Johnston to name few.
The microtonal music has been around since way before the 12 equal temperament system has been invented. 12 equal temperament systems are made out with 1200 cents in one octave. This means 100 cents per semi tone in the chromatic scale. Yet in most cultures, the intervals are made out with smaller than 100 cents each. Some popular tunings are 17, 19, 22, 24, 31, 34, 53, and 72 notes per octave. 17 tone temperaments have 70 cents per octave and 19 tone temperaments have 63.1 cents per octave.
Spectral music
There is another microtonal movement in composers in Europe started in 1979. Hugues Dufourt, a philosopher and composer's compositional decision were decided by computer analysis of sound spectra called Fast Fourier transform analysis. "Hugues Dufourt gave the emerging style a name when wrote an article in 1979 entitled "Spectral Music." He spoke of the tendency of the music to focus on the microstructure of sound, the ever-changing relationships between the pitches of a sound's overtone structure as it develops in time." (Anthony Cornicello)
Some of the influence to this music was composers like Maurice Ravel, Olivier Messiaen and composers around Hyperion Ensemble in Romania in 1970s. Their music had the harmonic and inharmonic parts which contained complex sounds, such as multiple-stop organ tones, bell sounds, and bird song. Spectra music is the extension of these chance ideas in logical analysis. And it was constructed on the development of a sound spectrum, working with harmonic spectra and focused on the sonorous nature of music.
Another influence to spectral music was Giacinto Scelsi, an Italian composer who composed music by focusing on listening to overtune. He puts importance on color of the sound
One of the most known Spectral composers is Gerard Grisey and Tristan Murail from France. They met Gerard Grisey when they went to Rome and were inspired to develop the system of spectral music.
Overtune
Almost all sounds are made out of more than one note. Even when one hits a key on the piano, it is more likely that there is combination of different notes in a sound. Human voice also has quality that which is combined with different harmonics. Harmonics is the combination of different sounds or timbre. Different parson has different harmonics in their own voice. A parson who has major harmonics in the voice is likely to give healing energy or positive energy to people. Likewise, microtonal singing also gives significant overtune harmonies. The voice is a vibration medicine tool to enforce the natural healing process.
God, as I use the word, is another name for what is. I always know God's intention: It's exactly what is in every moment.
-Byron Katie Quotes from Loving What Is
"Every Raga has a soul and every musical note is the sound of God. The meaning of Indian Classical music is freedom within the discipline." -Amjad Ali Khan (Sarod Maestro)
Microtonal music is one way to seek the freedom by freeing self from rigid scale of notes. Microtonal music is not a new phenomenal in the music history. In fact it is revisiting the tradition and history of music. The world became very small with our fast developing technologies. Now the music is mixed with past, future, east and the west. Equal temperament represent Western music and it is not necessary be used all the time.
Musician can develop the ear to listen 'Shruti' in the environment and tune the music to it. Because the real point of tuning system is really about tuning the self.
Harmony with environment, harmony within the self and harmony between ancestor spirits are all possible by using music because music is vibration. Everything can be seen and unseen in the world is made by vibration. Everything is vibration. The vibration of music has potential to harmonize the vibration of the environment by representing the 'Shruti' of the place. It will create balance and harmony in listeners, players and the environment.
This tuning system can be a new way as well as very ancient way of making music composition.
Helmholtz, Hermann von. (1863), On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, Dover
Danielo,u Alain (1990), Music And The Power Of Sound, Inner Traditions
McLaren, Brian. Microtonality in United States
Neilson, Linda. (2004)Microtonal healing, Spirit of the healing voice
Diallo, Yaya. Hall,Mitch (1989) The Healing Drum: African Wisdom Teachings Destiny Books
MBIRA, Box 7863, Berkeley,Mbira.org
Mumma, Gordon. "Live-Electronic Music," in the Development and Practice of
Electronic Music, Ed. Jon H. Appleton & Ronald C. Perera, Prentice-Hall, Inc:
Englewood Cliffs, (1975) New Jersey, pp. 286-355.
Murzin, Yevgeny.(1965)"ANS -- Elektronnyi instrument dlya kompozitorov," Moskva, Soyuz Kompositorov RSFSR
Negri, John. (1986)"The Nineteen-Tone System as Ten Plus Nine," Interval, Winter, pp. 11-12.
Nicholl, Matthew James. "Harry Partch: 'And on the Seventh Day Petals Fell on
Petaluma,(1982)" unpublished Master's thesis. North Texas State University
Norden, N. Lindsey. (1990)"A New Theory of Untempered Music," The Musical Quarterly,Read, Gardner, 20th-Century Microtonal Notation, Greenwood
Sadie, Stanley, editor, (2002)Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Macmillan,Vol. 22, No. 2, APril 1936, pp. 217-233.
Giacinto Scelsi: una biografia (redazione a cura di Irmela Heimbächer Evangelisti) Fondazione Isabella Scelsi , http://www.scelsi.it
Bengt ,Wall. (1975)Giacinto Scelsi: The most original Talent of Italian Music, n. 1, Stockholm
Khan, Amjad Ali. (2007)Music is Life -http://www.sarod.com/amjad/
Redmond, Layne.(1997)When the Drummers Were Women: A Spiritual History of Rhythm,Crown Pub,London
Emoto, Masaru(2007)Secret of the Vibration, Universal truth,Tokyo, Tokuma shoten
http://www.myspace.com/giacintoscelsi
ECM records, http://www.ecmrecords.com/Background/Background_1963.php
Ouspensky ,Peter.(1949) Some Aspects on Gurdjieff's Musical Aesthetics ,In serch of Miraculous, p.297
Just Intonation Network, http://www.justintonation.net/
Just intonation Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_intonation
Shona People Traditions & Culture http://www.africancraftsmarket.com/Shona_people.htm
Khan, Hazrat Inayat (1988)The Mysticism of Music Sound and Word, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers PVT.LTD,p.137, p.174
[1] Terres Unsoeld, Vision Magazine, Feb. 2005
"The seed of the spiritual is found in the physical. In the heart of the cells, in the spiral of the DNA is written the divine story. When scientific research, spiritual practice and artistic expression work together, heaven and earth are in resonance.
This is Tam-Do - The Way of the Soul."
--Fabien Maman
http://tama-do.com/roothtmls/cell-research.html
[2]Sue E. Estroff, Self, Identity, and Subjective Experiences of Schizophrenia: In Search of the Subject, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. p.189
[3] Paradiso,1.103
[4] Quoted by Preau,1932
[5] Preau,Voile d'Isis nos, 1935,Paris, p.350
[6] Interview at Adrian Sheriff's office in 2008, Melbourne. He said "In Shakuhachi, the piece ends when intension ends. Within the intension the music comes."
[7] Sabine Feisst (from the notes to mode 92)
[8] Mbira.org
[9] Quote of Albert Einstein, 1954, http://www.spaceandmotion.com/albert-einstein-god-religion-theology.htm
[10] Albert Einstein to Joseph Lewis, Apr. 18, 1953
[11] Diallo, Yaya. Hall,Mitch (1989) The Healing Drum: African Wisdom Teachings Destiny Books
[12] Redmond, Layne.(1997)When the Drummers Were Women: A Spiritual History of Rhythm, Crown Pub, London
[13] Khan, Amjad Ali. (2007) Sarod Maestro, Music is Life -http://www.sarod.com/amjad/
[14] Emoto, Masaru(2007)Secret of the Vibration, Universal truth, Tokyo, Tokuma shoten
[15] Goldman, Jonathan, The Power of Intent
[16] The Power Of Silence, Carlos Castaneda
[17] John 1 , Bible, American Standard Version
[18] Brihadaranyaka Upanishad 5.1.1
[19] Lost Chord: Chapter 15, Goldman, Jonathan
[20] ECM records, http://www.ecmrecords.com/Background/Background_1963.php
[21] http://www.myspace.com/giacintoscelsi
[22] Quotation of Pythagoras of Samos (560BC - 480BC)
[23] Sacred Sound Tools, Pythagoras
http://9waysmysteryschool.tripod.com/sacredsoundtools/id13.html
[24] Ouspensky ,Peter.(1949) Some Aspects on Gurdjieff's Musical Aesthetics ,In search of Miraculous, p.297
[25]Just Intonation Network, http://www.justintonation.net/
[26] Just intonation Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_intonation
[27] Ferruccio Busoni "New Aesthetics of Music"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
All Grown Up!, Humans, Real Life,
Cameron Bowen
Cameron Bowen was born September 13, 1988 in Columbus, Ohio, USA, is an voice actor and also along with the Youngest brother of Grahm Bowen, Jessica Bowen, Jillian Bowen, Alex Bowen, and Andrea Bowen. Lives in California with his family.
Cameron Bowen began his acting career in New York as "Poor Baby" in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical "Whistle Down the Wind". Subsequent Broadway credits include "Seussical the Musical" (JoJo) opposite Rosie O'Donnell and Cathy Rigby, "Les Miserables" (Gavroche), and "Beauty and the Beast" (Chip). He also played "Little Jake" in a Lincoln Center performance of "Annie Get Your Gun" (starring Patti LuPone, Peter Gallagher and Eli Wallach) and starred as "Tom Canty", the Pauper, in the highly acclaimed production of "The Prince and The Pauper" at Seattle's Fifth Ave. Theatre and St. Paul's Ordway Theatre. In addition to his other TV credits, he was the voice of "Bob the Ball" on HBOs A Little Curious (1998) and "Periwinkle" on Blue's Clues (1996). He also has five performing siblings: Andrea Bowen, Alex Bowen, Jillian Bowen, Graham Bowen and Jessica Bowen.
Retrieved from "https://rugrats.fandom.com/wiki/Cameron_Bowen?oldid=117468"


So you've finally made the move and transferred your data to the cloud. No longer are you bound to USB drives, which seem to get lost exactly when you need them. No longer do you have to worry about hard drive crashes wiping out your entire customer database or other important information. And instead of having to go back and forth in collaborative projects with other co-workers, you can make an instant change on Google docs and everybody is updated instantly. Congratulations.
One of the best ways to keep your cloud accounts safe is to have a strong password. Weak passwords set by users have been found to be the weak point in many cloud companies security chain, with many users having easily crackable passwords such as "12345" and "password". By having a strong password that isn't easily guessable and that contains a mixture of letters, numbers and special characters, it will be much more difficult for would be hackers to gain access to your information.
If something does happen to your cloud data or information, it's important to have a copy of it backed up in another location. Backing up your data allows you a failsafe if for any reason your cloud account becomes compromised or corrupted. You could chose to manually back up a copy on a physical piece of equipment such as a hard drive or a USB key, or you could back up your information on other cloud based services as well. If you don't want to manually back up your data, there are many other services that will do it for you on a prescheduled or arranged basis.
Using services that encrypt your data when being transferred and while in the cloud will also boost your security. Cloud services with local encryption will make it far more difficult that anyone – even service providers or administrators – to have access to your data. This provides an extra level of protection, meaning that even if, for whatever reason, your cloud provider does become compromised, your data cannot be immediately accessed as it must first be decrypted. In addition, you will want a service that not only keeps data encrypted while in the cloud, but also while uploading and downloading to and from the cloud. At the present, one of the best standards for encryption is the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).
Your online behaviour plays a crucial role in keeping your cloud data secure. Watching what sites you visit, what you download, or over what networks you access the cloud can mean the difference between safety and disaster. For example, using open or unencrypted wireless networks will allow others to easily see and access your information. Forgetting to log off on computers that others may use leaves your cloud accounts open to access by anyone. Opening spam emails that have viruses can also compromise your cloud accounts. Don't store especially sensitive data in the cloud. No matter how many security measures you put in place, these measures can quickly become undone if you don't practice smart Internet usage.
Although using the cloud comes with many benefits such as a way to access files and work globally, it also comes with its own unique set of challenges. However, there are companies that will help you to navigate the new landscape of cloud computing. If you have any unanswered questions, don't hesitate to get in touch with us for quick assistance to all your cloud computing problems.
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Small pimple like bumps inside your mouth can be caused by multiple conditions such as canker sores mucous cysts oral lichen planus and inflamed papillae. They are also known to form in the throat and on the roof of the mouth. To add a reply type in your message enter your name and then click on the button.
Whoever it is that keeps on posting complete junk spam messages please dont it spoils it for everyone else and they will be deleted.
Pimple on roof of mouth. Numerous types of sores or bumps can appear anywhere in the mouth but some of the most common places include gums inner cheeks bottom of the mouth tongue and lips. To add a reply type in your message enter your name and then click on the button. The college of health sciences offers a range of nationally accredited professional education programs in the health rehabilitation and human service fields. Oral herpes is a viral infection mainly of the mouth area and lips caused by a specific type of the herpes simplex virus.
These conditions usually resolve on their own but certain medications can relieve some of the accompanying pain and discomfort. Authentic essential oils for every household. Bumps that forms in the mouth are caused by different illnesses and health conditions. Bumps in mouth can come from different illnesses as well as health conditions.
Pictures of harry tongue lip cancer tonsillitis oral herpes tongue cancer throat and mouth ulcers oral cancer salivary galand stones pictures and other disease which affect the oral cavity. Young living is the world leader in essential oils. We offer therapeutic grade oils for your natural lifestyle. Whoever it is that keeps on posting complete junk spam messages please dont it spoils it for everyone else and they will be deleted.
Oral herpes is also termed hsv 1 type 1 herpes simplex virus or herpes labialis. Tonsilloliths or tonsil stones are calcifications that form in the crypts of the palatal tonsils. Different types of the sores or bumps may be seen anywhere in the mouth but some of the common places are the gums inner cheeks at the bottom of the mouth tongue and lips.


text:
Q: VNC Viewer terminal and folders are not working. Ubuntu 16.04 I am having a very hard time fixing the problem.
I tried to open Ubuntu16.04 in Vnc4server. But when I opened the Vnc Viewer I can not
open my terminal or anyother applications like firefox as shown in the image below!!!.

There is only that Home Directory. No Icons and terminal icons..
I don't know how to fix this really. I tried all the VNC4server settings.
This is my nano ~/.vnc/xstartup settings below image.
I used command vnc4server -geometry 1500x1000 :96 and opened as display 96.
Does anyone know how to fix this?? I've been struggling this for a day.
I really need great help. Thanks in advance!

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Yantra, Vedic Yantra, Energized Gold Plated Copper Yantra To get wealth, health and Success in life.
YANTRA THERAPY - Divine Remedies for You !!!
As per Indian Shastras, the word "Yantra" in its most general sense means an insturment by which anything is accomplished. In worship (mythology), it is a diagram drwan or engraved or painted on prescribed materials, like metal, stone, paper or even a leaf, that helps one to subdue his passions like lust and anger and gain greater concentration.
While a sacred "Mandala", geometrical figure drwan with coloured powders, can be used for the worship on any deity, a Yantra also called "Chakra", is specific only to a particular deity. Every deity of the Hindu pantheon has its own Yantra. If the deity is the soul, the Yantra is its body.
Apart from the geometrical drawing or pattern that is appropriate to the deity, a Yantra also contains its Mantra, inscribed at the proper place. The presence of the deity is invoked into the Yantra by worship, the procedure of which is almost similar to that of a "Pratima" or image. A Yantra wherein the deity has been roused by duly worshipping it, can then be used for any purpose - especially for the fulfilment of one's desires and overcoming the problems that may be occuring in the life .
The basic difference between a Yantra & Mantra is that Mantra basically uses the oral chanting (Jaapa-Kriya). Whereas Yantra are the specific picture (chitran) of the specific Mantra. The specified picture is actually the significance of that particular diety (devta). All ancient cultures had sacred geometric designs representative of their Gods, which had a Mantra (or sacred sound vibration) that corresponded to it. In the Vedic culture, we find much power and energy said to be held within sacred geometric symbols. Vedic Yantra are not "lucky charms" to be worn or displayed as icons of power in and of themselves. Much specific knowledge and ability must go into their preparation and much dedication and worship is required to achieve the desired effects.
A Yantra without beej (basic) Mantrais dead. They can be drawn to whatever size is required. If energised they should be placed on higher seat "Aasana". A Yantra must be given life (pranapratishta) before starting its prayer.
It is auspicious to see the Yantra daily in the morning and one should lit incense/dhoop or lamp with ghee before the Yantra every morning. By doing this the native is blessed with success and wealth. We send these Yantras only after Pran pratishta (energising or performing Pooja on them).


It is said that we are living in a "Media–Saturated World". However, everywhere we go, everything we do. There it is –Technology. How do we find out about these things? The media. Its a combination of the two, a relationship. There are many platforms and catergories but how do the media cover technology? From tech and gadgets to business and marketing to social media, all catergories national and international are on the media's radar. The media's close interaction with technology makes it important.
The media's focus on coverage of social media and how it plays a part in everyday life and also how gagdets are integrated with these developments reveals how its important to stay connected in the modern technological world.
The media covers technology issues ranging from teens and younger children using the internet to how it plays a part internationally with natural disasters to which ipad is better. There is even coverage on what gadgets are best to take on holidays. Notice that this article also has twitter and facebook interactions, so you can like and share. This shows how media combine there own personal use of technology to cover issues regarding technology, how to use technology and keeping the public informed on all the developments and issues regarding technology.


text:
Q: Limitation of entities to insert Azure Table Storage https://learn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/azure/storage/tables/table-storage-design
According to the above website, Maximum request rate per storage account seems to be 20000 entities, but is 20000 entities per second the maximum even when inserting entity into table storage?
If 20000 entities is the maximum, does it mean that this limit cannot be exceeded even if parallelization is performed?
Postscripts
Thank you for all of your answer. I have one more question.
Does a transaction mean an operation on table storage? If so, does it mean that if the operation to insert 100 entities using batch processing is done at 20,000 transactions per second, then effectively 2000000 entities can be inserted per second?

A: It's 20,000 transactions per second per storage account so no, you can't get over that limit using parallelization.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/storage/common/scalability-targets-standard-account

A: Yes, you're right.
But if you want to increase the maximum value beyond 20000, please contact the azure support.
Here is the doc describes the limitation and suggest you increasing the maximum value if you need more. Also attach an screenshot:


text:
Q: change the 'max number of client reached' redis error message to '' is it possible to change the error message 'max number of client reached' to null or empty string?
I'm using redis as a cache for my DB values and in cases that I can't get the values from the cache I will get it from the DB.
if I could configure it in the redis it self it would be the best option for me because my code won't have to change in order to support that edge case.
if someone has some tips on how to avoid such errors it would be nice as well :) (I'm using php scripts with predis package)

A: The error message max number of clients reached is clearly indicate that Redis is reached client limit and unable to serve any new requests.

*

*this issue probably can be related to incorrect use of Predis\Client in code. Instead to create a connection object once (singleton) and use it across process lifetime. The code probably create a new object on every request to Redis and keep all these connections open.

*another thing is worth to check how php processes are managed by a web server. The web server (e.g. apache prefork, nginx php-fpm) might leave processes for a long time both holding connections to Redis and exhaust server resources (mem, cpu).

*if nothing from above is true - the issue (bug) might be in the predis library.

Bottom line: the code/web server exhaust maxclients limit.
If you don't have control over code/web server (e.g. nginx), to reduce amount of error messages you can:

*

*increase maxclients over 10k (depends on your Redis server resources). This will reduce frequency of error messages.

*consider to enable (disabled by default) connection timeout (use it with cautious, as your code may assume that connections are never timeout). This will release old connections from a connection pool.

*decrease tcp-keepalive from 300 seconds to less than timeout. This will close connections to dead peers (clients that cannot be reached even if they look connected).


text:
John Stuart Mackenzie (1860–1935) was a British philosopher, born near Glasgow, and educated at Glasgow, Cambridge, and Berlin.  In 1884-89 he was a fellow at Edinburgh and from 1890 to 1896 fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.  He lectured on political economy at Owens College, Manchester, in 1890-93, and in 1895 became professor of logic and philosophy in University College, Cardiff. Mackenzie was an idealist philosopher and a Hegelian of the type of Green, Bosanquet, and Caird.

Mackenzie was not religious and was subscribed to a humanist ethical belief system. He was a member of the Union of Ethical Societies (today's Humanists UK) since its founding meeting in 1896. He became the organisation's first official President in 1918.

Biography

John Stuart MacKenzie was born the second son of John Mackenzie and Janet Brown on 29 February 1860 at Springburn, near Hogganfield, Glasgow. When he was eight years old, his father decided to take the family to seek their fortune in Buenos Aires. Soon after their arrival, having spent seven weeks at sea, Mrs Mackenzie died of cholera, and Mr. Mackenzie some weeks later. The two boys were sent back to Tollcross to be cared for by an aunt, attended the local school, and then Annfield House Academy, Glasgow. Mackenzie's elder brother went into engineering, while John entered the High School of Glasgow.

He became interested in Descartes, Darwin, Huxley, John Tyndall and Herbert Spencer and thus went on to study Philosophy at Glasgow University in 1877 studying under and befriending Edward Caird and Caird's assistant Henry Jones. Having become particularly interested in German philosophy, he undertook further studies in Berlin. On completing his degree, Mackenzie won the Clarke fellowship and succeeded Jones as Caird's assistant. In 1886, encouraged by his friend W.R. Sorley, he began to study in Cambridge, where he became a close friend of J. M. E. McTaggart who introduced him to the philosophy of Hegel.

For the Shaw fellowship course of lectures he held at Edinburgh, he chose the subject of Socialism, having witnessed the poverty and depravation of the slums of Glasgow. The Shaw lectures were published as An Introduction to Social Philosophy in 1890. The book anticipated much of the social legislation that was to follow; the growth of adult education, unemployment insurance, and economic planning with respect to investments and labour. In 1889 he graduated from Cambridge with first class honours and became a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and then an assistant to Professor Adamson at Manchester. In 1895 he became professor of logic and philosophy at Cardiff. His appointment is recorded in the Minutes of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, 1890-95 in a  Special Meeting of Council, held on 19 December 1894, resolving that "Mr John Stuart MacKenzie MA Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge be appointed Professor of Logic + Philosophy at a stipend of £350 per annum, the appointment to date from Christmas 1894." Here he met his future wife, the head of women's teacher training, Hettie Millicent Hughes from Bristol, author of the book Hegel's Educational Theory and Practice, and erstwhile Labour Candidate in 1918 for the University of Wales. In 1911 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Glasgow and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1934.

He retired in 1915 at the age of fifty-five in order to devote himself to writing and travel and both he and his wife travelled extensively after the end of the War. They toured India in 1920 and 1922 to lecture and took up contact with George Arundale in Adyar and Bertram Keightley in Benares, both leading theosophists. On their return to England, Millicent's friend Edith Maryon, invited them to take part in the Summer Art Course in Dornach, Switzerland, where they were deeply impressed by Rudolf Steiner, with Anthroposophy and his work in education. Rudolf Steiner was very appreciative of the work both of them had done particularly on the philosophy of Hegel. On their return to the UK once again, John Mackenzie continued to lecture and engage himself on behalf of the educational work of Rudolf Steiner that was being established in Britain.

After living in Cambridge, London and Bristol, the Mackenzies returned to their country home at Brockweir. He died on 6 December 1935, and was cremated in Bristol. His memoires were published posthumously by his wife with a biographical sketch by W. Tudor Jones. The Mackenzie Hall, town hall of Brockweir, is named after him.

"Mackenzie's work stands as an important example of British idealist philosophy. He put forward no fundamentally new theses, but he demonstrated the extent to which the position could accommodate itself to new ideas, raising question as to why it ultimately fell out of favour. His style was not for precise or rigid argument, and he is always both tentative and modest. Suggesting that 'in philosophy, every dogma is a heresy', he argued that:

"…what I am inclined to claim for philosophy is not that it provides us with any ready made doctrines … but that it enables us to take a general survey of the totality of our experience, and to see clearly … that we have some right to hope and a still more manifest duty to strive. (Elements of Constructive Philosophy, p. 478)" (Quoted from The Continuum Encyclopedia of British Philosophy)

Also the following Citation has found its way in many books of latter authors.

"(...) the distinction between what is real and what is imaginary is not one that can be finally maintained. (…). (…) all existing things are (...) imaginary." pp. 440 in "Elements of Constructive Philosophy"

Principal works
 An Introduction to Social Philosophy:  The Shaw Fellowship Lectures at Glasgow (1890; second edition, Glasgow, Maclehose, 1895)
 A Manual of Ethics (1893; seventh edition, 1910)ASIN B00865JUEI
 Outlines of Metaphysics (1902, second edition, 1906)
 Lectures on Humanism (1907)
 Elements of Constructive Philosophy (1917) reprinted BiblioBazaar (24 September 2009)
 Outlines of Social Philosophy (London, Allen and Unwin, 1918) ASIN B005HIQRKW
 Outlines of Social Psychology University of California Libraries (1 January 1918) ASIN B006CZ4V8O
 Fundamental Problems of Life (1928)

Biographical

J. W. Scott, 'Mackenzie, John Stuart (1860-1935)' Dictionary of national Biography 1931-41;

J. H. Muirhead, 'John Stuart Mackenzie', Proceedings of the British Academy, 21 (1935);

J. H. Muirhead, 'J. S. Mackenzie' (1860-1935)', Mind, ns., 45 (1936)

John Stuart Mackenzie. [An autobiography.] Edited by his wife, etc. With a chapter on the life and work of J. S. Mackenzie by W. Tudor Jones. Williams & Norgate, 1936

References

External links

1860 births
1935 deaths
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Idealists
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the British Academy
People educated at the High School of Glasgow
People from Springburn
Scottish economists
Scottish humanists
Scottish philosophers
Scottish scholars and academics

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text:
Is Coney Island the New Atlantic Yards and Joe Sitt the New Bruce Ratner?
The moment we saw the item late yesterday afternoon about the sale of Astroland to Thor Equities we realized why we started doing a "Coney Island Deathwatch" months ago: because Thor's plan is to erase virtually every element of Coney Island's past and to rebuild it from scratch.
There's more to it than that, however. With the sale of Astroland to Thor Equities, the massive Coney project is starting to look like the new Atlantic Yards and, inevitably, developer Joe Sitt is looking like Nouveau Ratner. The only thing missing is the Empire State Development Corp., but the Coney Island Development Corp. may yet prove itself to be a spiritual equal.
So, what's wrong here? Let's start with a project driven by a single developer and firm and move on from there. Projects of this magnitude that would literally place the fate of a huge part of an entire neighborhood in the hands of one firm or entity are a bad idea. It's led to a mega-project of massive density in Atlantic Yards and it will likely yield something unsettling in Coney Island. If Thor's model is something of a Times Square by the Sea (with rides looping in an out of buildings), it neglects one fact: The Times Square redevelopment never went anywhere until it was an organic process in the hands of multiple interests. Generations of top-down schemes crashed and burned.
Yes, Coney Island needs to be redeveloped and needs to regain some of its former glory after so many years of neglect and decline. However, destroying every remnant of its history and stripping away yet another bit of the Brooklyn we love--and one of our earliest life memories is going to Coney Island, where a good part of the family lived--is not the way to do it.
To recap a story that has been broadcast all over the country in the last 16 hours: Thor Equities bought Astroland for $30 million from its owners, the Albert family, yesterday. The 3.1 acre amusement park will close at the end of the 2007 season. The Cyclone will remain (it's a landmark) under the current agreement with the city. Oddly, the family said that "the cost of converting Astroland to a year-round operation was too steep."
Even more oddly, they're retaining ownership of some of the rides in the hope of "adding some new rides and relocating to another section of the neighborhood." The family is "hopeful that city and Brooklyn officials could help with relocation costs."
Killing one of the last two Coney Island amusement parks--no matter how unspectacular Astroland might be--is like ripping out part of Coney's soul. It verges on being an act of cultural violence. This is the point at which a mayor with a sense of history and a borough president who utters more than empty cheers would step in to say, 'enough' and work to ensure that Astroland stays a genuine amusement park and that the amusement zone--which is Coney Island's historic heart--is protected by zoning.
We would love to know exactly what Mr. Sitt has in mind for Coney Island, especially in purchasing Astroland. Thor's press release is titled "Future of Coney Island to Include Expanded Amusements on Astroland Site." It goes on to say that Thor:
envisions a unified plan for its properties with Astroland becoming a 12-months-per-year amusement destination. In the future, Astroland will house a mix of amusements and attractions. Thor's vision includes the introduction of enclosed amusements for the 21st century that can operate throughout the year, as well as a new hotel that will be needed to accommodate the expected influx of visitors to the area.
(You can find the full Thor press release over at the Coney Island Message Board where it was posted by Dick Zigun.)
It's not the amusements that scare us so much as the "attractions." Are we talking about Legal Sea Foods and Starbucks? Meanwhile, the Times, in a very short article, reports that Thor is planning to build a hotel on the property with some amusments on the ground floor. And, even if Thor plans a "21st Century amusement park," do people really want an indoor park in summer at the beach? (Note to Thor: Retractable roof, please.)
The interesting thing is that Deno's Wonder Wheel Park sits between Sitt's other properties and Astroland. Is that the next shoe to drop? Will Deno's end up hemmed in by Sitt projects like the proverbial building whose owner refused to sell surround by highrises? Will the only things left of the past in Coney Island be the Cyclone, Wonder Wheel and Parachute Jump, the equivalent of those big, old signs that are preserved when the factories to which they were attached are torn down? Will Thor use preserving Astroland as an amusement park as the bargaining chip to get the zoning changes to allow boardwalk condo towers? Is the grand plan--as cynics have suggest--to turn Coney Island into an absolutely desolate ghost town by the end of next year to pressure quick action on their plans?
We are fairly certain that Mr. Sitt does not intend to build a bigger, better amusement park where Astroland is. Amusement parks--unless you plan to do a Mall of America indoor thing--are not "year-round attractions" in the Northeast. At least, not until another 75 years or so of global warming occur. At which point, they might want to plan for a lot of water rides.
The sale of Astroland is not something to be automatically cheered, and it is probably not the last sale or purchase about which we will be writing.
Get a life, Coney Island was a shell of it's former self for many decades. The place has been ridden with crime and no sane person even wanted to go there. If you look at the NYC development plans for Coney Island, they want to do this upgrade, not just him. Uh hum, At least maybe people can go there once the new place is finished and feel safe of crime.
1980 is calling and it wants it's Coney Island story back.
I've been going there for DECADES now with no problem -- children and all.
Let's not confuse the need to improve Coney Island with simply leveling it for the benefit of a single developer.
I've been going to Coney Island all my life, my kids went there all their life, and now that I have my grandaughter I hope she gets to go there. I've NEVER (TG) had any problems there. Only good family fun. It's just not right how everything in Brooklyn is being taken from us, the rents are getting higher and higher,and now our Coney Island is going to be taken from us too. Not everyone can afford to go to Disney.
Anonymous, you say "get a life" I say we have one but rich man keeps trying to buy it away.
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(The Temple Chronicles, #5)
by Shayne Silvers
Genres: fantasy > urban fantasy
Nate's To-Do List: De-pants Ganesh. Shut down a Monster Circus. Rescue a Chimera. And host Friendsgiving for his guests - an Angel, Achilles, and Death, just to name a few... Easy-Peasy...
The Beast Master has come to town, and he's kidnapping shifter kids for his show.
But the Queens of Fae also want a little deep-fried wizard for the holidays.
Oh, and Nate is losing that last finger-hold on his sanity: hallucinating, and talking to creatures that no one else can see. The demon inside of him is getting stronger, fighting for dominance, and only one of them can survive.
But when Nate's extorted to rescue a lethal Chimera child from the Beast Master's Circus, Nate's only option is to partner with his inner demon, risking his very soul. But his friends begin to doubt and fear this new, darker Nate, taking matters into their own hands – even when that means standing against him.
With allies turned enemies, the Fae breathing down his neck, and a dangerous child's life on the line, Nate must call upon, bully, and coerce new storybook legends and gods to save his traitorous friends from becoming the Beast Master's next victims...
Discover what – if anything – Nate is willing to sacrifice to save the friends who betrayed him...
If you like Jim Butcher, Kevin Hearne, or Patrick Rothfuss, you will LOVE the fifth installment of The Amazon Bestselling Nate Temple Supernatural Thriller series.
About the Author :: Shayne Silvers
Shayne Silvers is a man of mystery and power, whose power is exceeded only by his mystery. In other words, a storyteller.
He currently writes the Nate Temple Supernatural Thriller Series, which features a foul-mouthed young wizard with a chip on his shoulder attempting to protect St. Louis from the various nasties we all know and fear from our childhood bedtime stories. Nate's been known to suckerpunch an Angel, cow-tip the Minotaur, and steal Death's horse in order to prove his point. His utter disregard for consequences and self-preservation will have you laughing and cringing on the edge of your seat.
Shayne holds two high-ranking black belts, and enjoys conversing about anything Marvel, Magical, or Mythological. You might find him writing in a coffee shop near you, cackling madly into his computer screen while pounding shots of espresso.
Shayne Silvers >
The Temple Chronicles


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Home News & Views Business and Economy Report: Intel to Invest $11 Billion in Israeli Chip Plant
Report: Intel to Invest $11 Billion in Israeli Chip Plant
David Israel
23 Shevat 5779 – January 28, 2019
Photo Credit: Abir Sultan/flash 90
The Jerusalem compound of computer chip manufacturer Intel.
Technology giant Intel, headquartered in Santa Clara, California, plans to invest $11 billion in setting up a new plant in Kiryat Gat, a city in southern Israel, some It lies 35 miles south of Tel Aviv, Globes reported on Monday. According to Globes, Intel is asking the state for a grant of 10% for its investment.
If the plan is realized, it would be the largest investment ever made by the giant chipmaker in Israel. Also, should the company receive its desired construction grant, it could reach $1.09 billion, also an all-time record.
Discussions between Intel and the Finance Ministry about the investment began several weeks ago, led by the Finance Ministry's director-general Shai Babad. At the start of negotiations, it was expected that it would be concluded within a short period of time, but the talks were still underway – this despite the fact that outgoing Finance Minister Moshe Kahlon, whose Kulanu party is facing extinction in the poles, could certainly use the deal in his win column.
To be fair, Kahlon has recused himself from the negotiations and has handed over the reins to Shai Babad. Meanwhile, the Economy Ministry, which in the past was deeply involved in contact talks with Intel, has so far not been included in the negotiations.
Intel's management has been playing coy about the deal, according to Globes, claiming the deal is still open and the plant could be based in Ireland, the US or Israel.
According to Globes, the Chief Economist of the Finance Ministry has issued a report saying Intel's investment conditions meet the economic parameters for assistance from the state, primarily the expected return on investment (ROI).
However, it is not yet clear how the deal would impact Israel's dependence on the US economy, which has been exceptionally volatile in 2018.
Globes pointed to the fact that Bank of Israel Governor Prof. Amir Yaron said in a speech about his recent interest rate increase that Israel's 2019 investment picture may improve "following an investment in a chip processing plant."
Babad also hinted recently that a global company is expected to announce a dramatic investment in Israel soon, which would impact the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which in 2017 stood at $350.9 billion. Israel is 34th on the list of 211 world countries according to their GDP.
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David writes news at JewishPress.com.
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Printed from: https://www.jewishpress.com/news/business-economy/report-intel-to-invest-11-billion-in-israeli-chip-plant/2019/01/28/


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Alimentele organice sunt fructele și legumele rezultate în urma procesului de agricultură organică.
Deși definiția alimentelor organice diferă de la țară la țară, agricultura organică are drept trăsături generale practicile culturale, biologice, mecanice care încurajează reciclarea resurselor, promovează echilibrul ecologic și conservă biodiversitatea.
Folosirea pesticidelor și a fertilizatorilor chimici nu este permisă, deși în anumite cazuri rare se pot folosi pesticide organice.
În general, alimentele organice nu sunt sterilizate prin iradiere, solvenți industriali și nu conțin aditivi sintetici.

În prezent, Comunitatea Europeană, Statele Unite, Canada, Japonia și multe alte țări cer producătorilor o certificare specială pentru a-și putea vinde produsele sub eticheta de produse organice.

Deși pot exista unele diferențe în conținutul de nutrienți și anti-nutrienți al produselor organice sau convenționale, natura variabilă a producției de alimente face dificilă generalizarea rezultatelor. Nu există dovezi suficiente pentru a susține revendicările conform cărora alimentele organice sunt mai sigure sau mai sănătoase decât alimentele convenționale.

Înțelesul și originea cuvântului "organic"

Istoria agriculturii, în ansamblul său, poate fi descrisă ca fiind organică; abia în secolul 20 au fost introduse produsele chimice în lanțul alimentar. Mișcarea bio a început în 1940 ca răspuns la industrializarea agriculturii, supranumită Revoluția Verde.

În 1939, Lord Northbourne a împământenit termenul de agricultură organică, în lucrarea lui Look to the Land (1940). Oamenii de știință din acele vremuri, au descris diferențele din compoziția solului ca fiind organice, atunci când au fost folosite dejecții animale deoarece conțineau compuși de carbon, față de procesul industrial Haber care conținea azot si superfosfați. Folosirea celor doua metode descrise anterior, afectează conținutul de humus din sol. Folosirea termenului de "organic" diferă de cea din chimie unde are ca înțeles o clasă de molecule ce conțin carbon. Această clasă de molecule cuprinde orice poate fi considerat comestibil, incluzând majoritatea pesticidelor și toxinelor. Termenul de organic folosit în contextul agricol, se refera la metodele de creștere și procesare și nu la compoziția chimică a alimentelor.

Ideea că mâncarea organică poate fi mai sănătoasă și mai bună atât pentru oameni cât și mediul înconjurător a apărut încă din primele zile ale mișcării organice, ca rezultat a publicațiilor cum ar fi The Living Soil.

Definiția legală
Producția de alimente bio este o industrie auto reglementată, supravegheată în anumite țări de instituții guvernamentale. În prezent Comunitatea Europeană, Statele Unite, Canada, Japonia și multe alte țări, cer producătorilor să obțină o certificare specială bazată pe standarde definite de guvern, pentru ca aceștia să poată comercializa alimentele folosind eticheta de alimente organice/bio.

Există patru încadrări pentru etichetarea produselor organice: 1) '100% Organic': Asta înseamnă că toate ingredientele sunt produse organic. 2) 'Organic' : Cel puțin 95% sau mai mult din ingrediente sunt organice. 3) 'Făcut cu ingrediente organice': Conține cel puțin 70% ingrediente organice 4) 'Mai puțin de 70% ingrediente organice': cel puțin trei dintre ingredientele produsului sunt organice.

Pentru ca un produs să fie certificat ca fiind organic, în Europa, el trebuie să fie crescut și produs într-un mod care aderă la standardele Comunității Europene

Opinia publică
Opinia publică, influențată și de către industria alimentelor bio, spune că mâncarea organică este mai sigură, mai plină de nutriente și are un gust mai bun decât alimentele produse convențional . Aceste păreri au alimentat cererea de produse bio, în ciuda preturilor mai mari și a dificultății dovedirii acestor beneficii în mod științific

Efectele psihologice, cum ar fi efectul "halo" , sunt factori importanți în decizia de cumpărare a alimentelor bio. Un exemplu al acestui efect a fost demonstrat de Schuldt and Schwarz. Studiul arată că oamenii testați au presupus că prăjiturile organice au mai puține calorii și pot fi mâncate mai des decât cele convenționale. Rezultatele au rămas nemodificate chiar și atunci când etichetele celor două feluri de prăjituri, arătau același conținut caloric. Efectul a fost mai pronunțat la participanții testului care erau suporteri bio. Percepția că produsele bio au un conținut caloric mai mic este una generală.

Gustul
O concluzie a studiilor științifice din 2002 este că deși există studii care indică că între fructele clasice și cele bio există diferențe de gust, ele sunt inconsistente. Există dovezi că anumite fructe bio sunt puțin mai uscate astfel încât gustul lor poate fi mai concentrat decât cel al fructelor convenționale.

Anumite fructe, cum ar fi bananele, sunt culese înainte de maturitate și ținute la rece în drumul lor spre piața de desfacere, apoi coacerea este indusă prin expunerea lor la propenă sau etenă, substanțe produse chiar de către plante pentru a porni procesul de coacere. Întrucât gustul și textura se schimbă în procesul de coacere, acest proces poate afecta calitățile fructului.

Compoziția chimică
Studiile au analizat diferențele dintre nutrienți, anti-nutrienți, și pesticide.
Aceste studii sunt dificil de generalizat din cauza felului cum sunt făcute studiile, modului de testare, variațiilor sezoniere. Tratamentul alimentelor după culegere, durata de timp dintre cules și analiză, condițiile de transport și stocare afectează compoziția chimică produselor testate .

Nutrienți
O analiză din 2014 a 343 de studii , a arătat cum culturile organice au un conținut cu 17% mai mare de polifenol (antioxidanți). Concentrațiile de , flavonoide, difeniletilene , flavone, flavonoli, și antocianine au fost crescute, flavonoidele fiind cu 69% mai multe. Autorii studiului au analizat conținutul de acid ascorbic (Vitamina C) (31 de studii), beta caroten ( precursorul vitaminei A) (12 studii) și alpha-tocopherol (o forma de vitamina E) (5 studii) și alți 11 nutrienți dar doar la doi au găsit valori semnificativ mai mari în alimentele organice și anume la fosfor și polifenoli (antioxidanți)). Găinile organice au avut cantități mai mari de acizi esențiali omega-3 însă autorii studiului nu au gasit diferențe în nivelul de proteine sau cantitatea de grăsime a laptelui bio.

Anti-nutrienți
Cantitatea totală de azot din anumite legume, în special cele verzi a fost mai mică în culturile organice. Același lucru a fost observat și în studiile care au cercetat cantitatea de toxine și metale grele din găinile crescute bio .

Reziduri de pesticide

Un studiu din 2012 a determinat o cantitate de 7% reziduri de pesticide în alimentele organice și una de 38% în cele produse convențional. O analiză a studiilor din 2014 arată că o cultură convențională are de patru ori mai multe șanse de a conține pesticide decât una organică.

Contaminarea cu bacterii
O analiză din 2012 arată că nu există o contaminare semnificativ mai mare cu E. coli în cazul culturilor organice (7% în cazul celor organice și 6% în cazul celor produse convențional). Contaminarea cu bacterii este comună atât în cazul produselor convenționale cât și în cazul celor organice dar studiile arată că ea nu diferă semnificativ.

Economie
Cererea de produse organice are ca motor principal grija pentru sanatatea personala și mediu. Vânzârile organice la nivel global au crescut cu peste 170% din 2002, ajungând la 63 miliarde de dolari în 2012, ele totalizează doar 2% din producția totală alimente, ajungănd la 35% în țările din comunitatea europeană.

America de nord
 Statele Unite ale Americii
 În 2012 valoarea totală a pieței organice era de aproximativ 30 miliarde dolari.
 Mâncarea organică este sectorul cu cea mai mare creștere din industria alimentară Americană .
 Pentru a putea primi un certificat organic, fermierii americani nu pot planta semințe modificate genetic, animalele nu pot mânca plante modificate genetic. Fermierii trebuie să aducă multe dovezi care să ateste că nu există nimic modificat genetic în produsele lor.

Europa

 Danemarca
 În 2012, produsele organice au totalizat 7.8% din consumul total de vânzare cu amănuntul, având cea mai mare valoare națională din lume. Multe instituții publice s-au angajat să cumpere doar mâncare organică, în Copenhaga procentul ajungand la 75%. O inițiativă gurvenrametală si-a propus ca țel ca pană în 2020 cel puțin 60% din toată mâncarea servită în instituțiile publice să fie organică.

 Austria
 În 2011. 7.4% din toate produsele vândute în supermarket-uri erau organice In 2007, erau disponibile 8000 de feluri diferite de produse organice .
 România
 În România 70%–80% din producția organică locală, este exportată, ea totalizând 100 de milioane de Euro. Numărul de produse bio disponibile în România s-a mărit considerabil în ultimii ani. În 2010 piața de produse organice era evaluată la 50 milioane de Euro.

 Marea Britanie
 Vânzările de produse organice au crescut din 1993/94 de la 100 milioane lire la peste 1.21 miliarde lire în 2004 .În 2010 vânzările au scăzut cu 5.9% la doar 1.73 miliarde lire. 4.2% din terenul arabil este arat în mod organic.

 Polonia
 În 2005, aproximativ 7% dintre consumatorii polonezi cumparau mancare care a fost produsă conform normelor Eco-EU. Valoarea de piață a produselor bio a fost estimată în 2006 la 50 milioane Euro .

Producția
Produsele certificate ecologic, bio/ecologic sau organic sunt termeni sinonimi. Folosirea lor depinde de termenul impus într-o anumită zonă geografică - de exemplu in spațiul anglo-saxon se folosește termenul de organic (inclusiv în S.U.A. și Canada), în spațiul german se folosește oficial termenul ökologisch ("ecologic"), în timp ce în acelasi spațiu termenul bio se folosește în context de marketing pentru a desemna un produs ecologic certificat, iar în spațiul italian termenul folosit este cel de bio. Aceste produse pot fi caracterizate și sunt individualizate prin intermediul unor norme de producție și procesare codificate legislativ la nivel național sau, în cazul Uniunii Europene și S.U.A., la nivel comunitar.

Trasabilitatea
Unul dintre aspectele definitorii ale acestei clase de produse (fie ele alimente, cosmetice, textile sau altele) este trasabilitatea.

Trasabilitatea presupune respectarea unor reguli stricte în ceea ce privește înregistrarea și păstrarea unor evidențe clare și verificabile pe tot lanțul de producție: de la producerea materiei prime, la procesare, la transport și comerț până la ajungerea produsului la consumator. În acest fel se oferă consumatorului un grad ridicat de siguranță și transparență la achiziționarea unui produs ecologic certificat, iar în cazul constatării unei iregularități se poate reface ușor filiera de procesare și producție și se poate identifica modul în care a fost corupt sau infestat produsul certificat ecologic și se pot lua măsuri pentru înlăturarea factorului negativ, respectiv factorii de control se pot îndrepta împotriva celui care este responsabil de iregularitatea identificată. Astfel de cazuri sunt rare datorită controlului și inspecției la care este supus fiecare operator din sistemul ecologic certificat, dar spre deosebire de industria alimentară convențional, domeniul ecologic este cunoscut pentru intransigența cu care rezolvă astfel de probleme și lipsa de toleranță în eliminarea din sistem a celor responsabili. Explicația se găsește în caracteristicile deosebite ale acestui domeniu (vezi istoria mișcării bio) precum și în faptul că trasabilitatea și puritatea produselor certificate ecologic este cel mai puternic argument de marketing al branșei, iar tolerarea unor abateri de la regulile asumate ar constitui o lovitură de imagine majoră pentru întreg sectorul.

Diferența
Între produsele naturale și produsele bio-organice, diferența o reprezintă tocmai acesti pași menționați în producție. Produsele denumite generic naturale sunt bazate pe plante. Ele nu au fost cultivate pe terenuri organice și nici nu au fost supuse procedeelor naturale, fără substanțe chimice pentru obținerea produsului final.

Produsele certificate BIO au minim 95% ingrediente naturale, din care minim 95% ingrediente BIO din totalul celor vegetale si minim 10% din totalul ingredientelor.

Produsele certificate ECO au minim 95% ingrediente naturale, din care minim 50% ingrediente BIO din totalul celor vegetale si minim 5% din totalul ingredientelor.

Organismele de certificare bio-organică sunt numeroase, unele dintre cele mai cunoscute la nivel european în domeniul industriei cosmetice fiind BDIH (Germania), Ecocert Greenlife (Franța), Soil Association (UK), ICEA (Italia) și Cosmebio (Franța) care au pus bazele Cosmos-Standard AISBL, Ecogruppo Italia.

Răspândire
A apărut o adevărată modă legată de folosirea principiilor active ce se regăsesc în plante și de evitare a tehnicilor intrusive sau a folosirii substanțelor chimice "străine" de corpul nostru. Ca urmare, dacă acum câțiva ani (nu mulți) produsele bio erau legate mai degrabă de mici magazine specializate și destinate unui segment restrâns de populație, în prezent piața de desfacere a acestor produse s-a lărgit foarte mult datorită creșterii numărului de consumatori care aleg cu mult mai multă atenție produsele destinate îngrijirii corpului și a sănătății.

În România magazinele alimentare bio sunt în dezvoltare, fiind căutate tot mai des. Industria agricolă bio se supune unei legislații speciale pentru certificare. Motivul este conștientizarea efectelor nocive pe care îl au îngrășămintele chimice și insecticidele asupra organismului uman dealungul anilor.

În Germania, industria bio-organică este foarte dezvoltată, existând lanțuri de magazine-supermarket în care se pot procura astfel de produse eficiente pentru sănătate.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Legislația europeană și alte documente publice ale UE

Vezi și
 Agricultură organică

Produse alimentare
Politică alimentară


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Villefranche de Lonchat
The origin of this bastide is contested. Some believe it was founded in 1287 by Philip IV (known as "The Fair") while others hold that it was created by Jean de Grailly
The town hall of Villefranche de Lonchat
View of the Château de Carsac
The church of Lochac
It was built on a former priory and very quickly became a castellany on which the parishes of Villefranche and Minzac depended. The plans of the bastide appear to have only comprised a single central axis. Yet, in spite of this, it had a castle and a walled enclosure.
Lochac Church can be traced back to when the bastide was founded even though it is unexpectedly located outside the village. It was restored in 1463 by monks from Sauve-Majeure Abbey, who built a crypt there. The church is of intermediate style, somewhere between Romanesque and Gothic. Inside this building, you can see a 12th-century baptismal font, a 17th-century vermeil chalice, a 17th-century canvas and a 19th-century Man of Sorrows.
Saint Anne's Church was built in 1305 to provide the village with a sanctuary. It was damaged during the Wars of Religion but was subsequently well restored. It comprises a single nave with three square bays.
The bastide has a Local History Museum, which traces the different periods of human settlement. The Romanesque period is remarkably-well illustrated through Minzac's 12th-century baptismal font, which is a listed Historical Monument.
A significant part of the museum focuses on the economic and professional activities of the region in past centuries: exhibiting tools used by coopers and weavers as well as many objects from the old Montpeyroux pottery works. A number of documents evoke the foundation of the bastide (wax seals belonging to King Edward I of England, Marshal Jean de Grailly and his descendants) along with the neighbouring châtelains Michel de Montaigne and de Maltecoubon.
A room dedicated to medicine reminds us that this profession has been practiced in Villefranche since 1669. The museum is located on the 1st floor of the town hall, housed in an eloquent building erected in 1850.
Every summer at the end of July, the centre of the village hosts the Villefranche de Lonchat Cantonal Festivities. This authentic, popular and friendly event, celebrating rural life magnificently, is enjoying growing success... today, the whole region comes along to join in the fun!
Just a stone throw from the village, you'll appreciate the swimming lake of Gurson ;
Church of Notre Dame
Local History Museum