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Bright Minds, Big Rent: Gentrification and the Rising Returns to Skill
Edlund, Lena
(Columbia University)
Machado, Cecilia
(Fundação Getúlio Vargas)
Sviatschi, Maria
Cecilia Machado
In 1980, housing prices in the main US cities rose with distance to the city center. By 2010, that relationship had reversed. We propose that this development can be traced to greater labor supply of high-income households through reduced tolerance for commuting. In a tract-level data set covering the 27 largest US cities, years 1980-2010, we employ a city-level Bartik demand shifter for skilled labor and find support for our hypothesis: full-time skilled workers favor proximity to the city center and their increased presence can account for the observed price changes, notably the rising price premium commanded by centrality.
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Behrens, Kristian & Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric, 2008. "Survival of the fittest in cities: agglomeration, selection, and polarisation," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 28506, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
Behrens, Kristian & Robert-Nicoud, Frédéric, 2008. "Survival of the Fittest in Cities: Agglomeration, Selection, and Polarisation," CEPR Discussion Papers 7018, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
Kristian Behrens & Frédéric Robert-Nicoud, 2008. "Survival of the Fittest in Cities: Agglomeration, Selection, and Polarisation," CEP Discussion Papers dp0894, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Kristian Behrens & Frédéric Robert-Nicoud, 2008. "Survival of the Fittest in Cities: Agglomeration, Selection and Polarisation," SERC Discussion Papers 0012, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
Lindley, Joanne & Machin, Stephen, 2014. "Spatial changes in labour market inequality," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 121-138.
Lindley, Joanne & Machin, Stephen, 2013. "Spatial Changes in Labour Market Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers 7600, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
Greg Howard & Jack Liebersohn, . "Regional Divergence and House Prices," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics.
Howard, Greg & Liebersohn, Jack, 2020. "Regional Divergence and House Prices," Working Paper Series 2020-04, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
Ingrid Gould Ellen & Keren Mertens Horn & Davin Reed, 2017. "Has Falling Crime Invited Gentrification?," Working Papers 17-27, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
Peter McHenry, 2014. "The Geographic Distribution Of Human Capital: Measurement Of Contributing Mechanisms," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 215-248, March.
Peter McHenry, 2010. "The Geographic Distribution of Human Capital: Measurement of Contributing Mechanisms," Working Papers 92, Department of Economics, College of William and Mary.
gentrification; returns to skill; time use; location choice;
R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
R30 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - General
NEP-GEO-2015-12-01 (Economic Geography)
NEP-URE-2015-12-01 (Urban & Real Estate Economics)


(H) 03/05/15 4:00 PM vs PVI Westfield Turf .
(H) 03/11/15 7:30 PM vs West Potomac HS Westfield Turf .
(H) 03/16/15 7:30 PM vs Stone Bridge HS Westfield Turf 13 - 8 W .
(A) 03/21/15 11:00 AM vs STAB 7 - 20 L .
(A) 03/26/15 7:00 PM vs Herndon HS Herndon 12 - 6 W .
(A) 03/30/15 TBA vs Hilton Head HS 19 - 1 W .
(A) 04/09/15 7:00 PM vs Woodgrove HS Woodgrove 12 - 9 W .
(H) 04/16/15 7:00 PM vs Robinson Secondary School Westfield Turf 21 - 5 L .
(H) 04/20/15 7:30 PM vs Lake Braddock Secondary School Westfield Turf 17 - 7 W .
(A) 04/22/15 7:30 PM vs Oakton HS Oakton 10 - 13 L .
(H) 04/28/15 7:30 PM vs Centreville HS Westfield Turf 9 - 18 L .
(A) 05/05/15 7:30 PM vs Chantilly HS Chantilly 17 - 9 W .
(H) 05/08/15 7:30 PM vs Yorktown HS Westfield Turf 14 - 18 L .
(H) 05/14/15 7:00 PM 1st Round of Districts- Chantilly Westfield Turf Results .
(A) 05/20/15 5:30 PM District Semifinals- Robinson Robinson Results .
(A) 05/26/15 5:00 PM 1st Round of Region- Battlefield Results .
(A) 05/28/15 5:00 PM 2nd Round of Region- Langley Langley High School Results .
(A) 05/30/15 10:00 AM Northern Region Semi-finals- Robinson Robinson Results .
(A) 06/02/15 5:00 PM Region Consolation Game- Centreville Robinson .


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Men's tennis team prepared for national tournament in Arizona
The Eastern Florida State College men's tennis team has been hard at work preparing for the NJCAA Division I Men's Tennis National Championship Tournament in Tucson, Arizona.
The Titans are making their second straight appearance in the national tournament, finishing sixth overall last year. This year the team returns three players who all played in the national tournament last year, bringing experience to the tournament this year.
"We were pretty tired last year because it was warm. It will be warm again this year so we will have to be tough mentally and physically but if we do our best, we will do well," sophomore Nils Michel said.
Michel made it to the quarterfinals of the No. 1 singles last year and teamed with Adirel Azucey to make the semifinals in No. 2 doubles. The France native was named first team All-American and is back looking for another strong showing.
"We have a really good team and we come in with a really positive attitude," Michel said. "It will be the last time playing with these guys. We have put in a lot of hard work and I am excited to see how we do."
Azucey made it to the quarterfinals at No. 2 singles last year as well and believes this is a special group.
"If we work together, this group can accomplish anything," Azucey said. "I just want us to go out there, do our best and have fun in the moment because it is a big opportunity for us."
The Titans come into the national tournament No. 7 in the latest NJCAA Division I poll and have been working hard to get ready for the tournament.
"This last week has been one of the hardest of the semester, long practices as well as weight room and jogs around the soccer field. I believe we are ready to play well next week," sophomore Fabricio Galvan said.
Galvan made the quarterfinals in doubles last year with Milan Silvac who graduated.
The national tournament begins Monday in Tucson, Arizona with the finals in each flight scheduled for Friday at the Reffkin Tennis Center.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


OK, so I managed to pick the coldest weekend of the winter to see Eight Below, much of whose action is set in Antarctica. And I had just spent some time in the morning with four wonderful dogs at the Humane Society before going to the theater to see a film largely about...eight wonderful dogs. They are sled dogs, and the story"""inspired by" an actual event-- involves their being left at a research station for 175 days before being rescued. Rated "PG," mostly for suspense and some violence, it proves an excellent family offering from the Disney folks.
The introductions are efficiently done as we meet the team (each of whom is portrayed by two dogs) and their owner, guide Jerry Shepard (Paul Walker), his comic sidekick, Cooper (Jason Biggs), and Shepard's ex-girlfriend, pilot Katie (Moon Bloodgood). To their research station comes Dr. Davis McLaren (Bruce Greenwood), a scientist in search of a meteorite from Mercury.
Trouble is, he wants to go in the opposite direction from the one Jerry has been scouting out, and a much more dangerous one, to boot. Various adventures ensue, delaying their return as a major storm threatens. The doc breaks his leg, Jerry gets severe frostbite, and the research team has to pull out in a hurry, promising Jerry that Katie will return immediately to rescue the dogs.
But the weather shuts them down, the "no-fly" season sets in, and the dogs""left chained together outside the locked-up station""have to fend for themselves. How they (mostly) get free and (mostly) survive constitutes the interesting portion of the film's remainder. Director Frank Marshall crosscuts between their plight and Jerry's attempts Stateside to get someone to take him back to Antarctica and rescue them, along with his relationship with Katie.
The real interest, for both kids and adults, lies in the dogs' survival. They catch seagulls; they break into a shed with food; they outsmart a sea leopard to gnaw on the carcass of a beached whale, in perhaps the only segment where parents will need to provide some comfort to smaller children. Cinematographer Dan Burgess and several other crews take advantage of the stunning scenery of British Columbia, Greenland, and Norway as stand-ins for Antarctica. And the combined efforts of Stan Winston's studios and Industrial Light and Magic do some effective work with special visual effects to recreate the dangers the dogs must overcome.
Parental Advisory: a couple of the dogs die in the film's course, though the filmmakers handle it discreetly. On the whole, the Disney people have here returned to the sort of film that established their reputation for solid fare. It's an unabashedly predictable, "feel good" flick, one that keeps the kids in their seats throughout and will likely give their parents some nostalgic pleasure.


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/ Nature News - Archive
/ What's the point of insects?
What's the point of insects?
March 31, 2006 By Michael Hopkin This article courtesy of Nature News.
They're worth a cool $57 billion to the United States each year, that's what.
Next time you dismiss insects as mere creepy-crawlies, ponder for a while on what life would be like without them. Our six-legged friends might be more valuable than you think — research estimates that they're worth at least a staggering $57 billion to the US economy every year.
The estimate was compiled by a pair of conservation researchers aiming to stress the value of wild insects. Although putting a dollar value on the environment is a difficult and controversial task, it is something many ecologists have tried to do to explain the worth of biological diversity to officials more used to dealing in dollars and cents.
It took the duo more than two years to tot up all the economic transactions that would have been impossible without insects, from agriculture to birdwatching. They publish their findings in the journal BioScience1.
"Ecosystems and the life they support (including humans) could not function without the services insects provide."
John Losey
A value of $57 billion is a conservative estimate, says co-author Mace Vaughan of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation in Portland, Oregon. The analysis only considers processes for which hard data are available and which are directly attributable to wild insects.
Vaughan, together with John Losey of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, looked at four processes: disposal of dung; control of crop pests; pollination; and nutrition for wildlife such as birds.
Excluded from the analysis were the services provided by domestically reared insects such as honeybees. "If you look at all of the services across the board, you're looking at hundreds of billions of dollars," Vaughan says.
As for the total, all-inclusive value of insects, Losey says the answer is clear. "I don't need to guess at the total value of insects' ecological services — ecosystems and the life they support (including humans) could not function without the services insects provide."
By far the greatest direct contribution of insects comes from their role as food for birds, game and fish, Losey and Vaughan calculate. Given the overall value to the US economy of the recreation industries of hunting, fishing and birdwatching, and the proportion of species involved that eat insects, these industries would be almost $50 billion worse off each year without them.
Insects also save farmers some $4.5 billion each year by gobbling up pests on dozens of different crops, and a cool $3 billion by pollinating many different fruits and vegetables. The humble dung beetle chips in with savings worth $380 million, by keeping cowpats out of the way of parasitic flies and saving valuable cattle from infections.
All of this should give people pause for thought about insects' conservation status, Vaughan hopes. Although most wild species are not endangered, and could not generate such stupendous monetary sums if they were, numbers of many species have been declining. In the past six years, the United States has lost five species of bumblebee, which are important pollinators, he says.
Moves should be taken to preserve the livelihood of humble insects, Vaughan argues. Farmers, for example, should leave margins of wild hedgerow on their land where pollinators and other insects can live. "In some places there's no natural habitat," he explains.
Visit our newsblog to read and post comments about this story.
Losey J. E.& Vaughan M. BioScience, 56. 311 - 323 (2006).
Nature News - Archive
Coral symbiosis is a three-player game
Court ruling highlights the threat of vaccine misinformation
Virus tricks the immune system into ignoring bacterial infections
Antarctic project to drill for oldest-ever ice core
Why the sexes don't feel pain the same way
Japan poised to allow 'reprogrammed' stem-cell therapy for damaged corneas
New York City climate-change plan proposes adding land to Manhattan
Thousands of scientists are backing the kids striking for climate change
Nearly half of global childhood cancer cases go undiagnosed
Molecular envoys pave the way for pancreatic cancer to invade the liver
Battling disease by giving mosquitoes an antimalarial drug
A newly discovered stem cell that keeps bones growing
Night-vision 'super-mice' created using light-converting nanoparticles
Hydropower dams can help mitigate the global warming impact of wetlands
Antarctic voyage will explore ocean hidden under ice for 100,000 years
Biological sex shapes tumour evolution across cancer types
Maya bones bring a lost civilization to life
The biological basis of mental illness


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Bladen Co. Improvement Association President says he was tipped off about absentee ballot investigation
PAC tipped off about investigation
By David Hodges | February 26, 2019 at 3:57 PM EST - Updated February 26 at 7:39 PM
CHARLOTTE, NC (WBTV) - The President of the Bladen County Improvement Association says he was tipped off that the North Carolina State Board of Elections would be investigating McCrae Dowless and absentee ballot programs in Bladen County during the 2018 election cycle.
In an exclusive interview with WBTV, BCIA President Horace Munn says he received the tip before the 2018 primary. Shortly after getting the tip, he said, he told investigators with the North Carolina State Board of Elections that his organization would not take part in an absentee ballot program that year.
The NCSBE voted last week to hold a new election in the 9th Congressional District, following a four-day hearing into voting irregularities in the district that focused largely on activities carried out by Dowless as part of an absentee ballot operation.
Dowless was hired by Republican candidate Mark Harris to run an absentee ballot program, among other things, in Bladen, Robeson and Cumberland Counties.
When asked, Munn would not reveal who tipped him off, saying he would withhold that information until the criminal investigation into absentee ballot fraud is finished.
After he received the tip, Munn said he also informed members of the Improvement Association that they would forego any absentee ballot programs during the 2018 election.
"I told them we are not doing absentee ballots this year," Munn said. Munn said he told the members that what they do on their own time is up to them.
Several members of the BCIA turned in a total of 458 absentee ballot applications before the 2018 general election but Munn insisted that they were acting on their own and not representing BCIA.
Despite his claim, the BCIA was brought up numerous times by board investigators, witnesses and board members. But Munn said he felt the treatment from the NCSBE was unfair and that he was set up by investigators to try and make a case that 'both sides' were violating election laws.
Specifically, Munn said testimony from Lisa Britt—who worked for Dowless in the 2018 election—in which she pointed out Munn and said she saw at Dowless' office making copies of absentee ballot applications, was a lie.
Lisa Britt points out Horace Munn on the 1st day of hearings in the 9th Congressional District election hearings.
"I haven't dealt with McCrae in years," Munn said.
Munn believes his entire reason for being at the hearings was a ruse by board investigators.
Munn said that after he received the tip that the NCSBE would be investigating Dowless, he called Joan Fleming, NCSBE's Chief Investigator, to tell her the BCIA would not be participating in an absentee ballot program in 2018.
"I know that he's (Dowless) doing stuff illegally and to keep my organization clean we will not participate," Munn said he told Fleming. He said he also told her that he was tipped off about investigation.
Before the 9th District hearings began, Munn said he received a subpoena to testify. He said Fleming told him he would be called to testify about their conversation.
Executive Director Kim Strach (left) and Chief Investigator Joan Fleming (right) during the first day of hearings.
Instead, Munn said that on the first day he was asked to leave the witness room and come to the main hearing room during Lisa Britt's testimony. It was at that point that Britt pointed out Munn as someone she saw at Dowless' office during the 2018 election cycle.
"Haul me upstairs like a piece of meat just to point me out," Munn said. He said that once Britt's testimony was finished he was told by board staff that he was released from his subpoena.
Munn claimed that Dowless' phone records obtained by the board would prove that he's telling the truth about not being in contact with Dowless.
"Why would you let her point me out when you know she's lying?" Munn said
Munn also claimed that the board of elections did not pay for his room or travel and only did that for witnesses they wanted to hear from.
Munn said there's even more to uncover about McCrae Dowless' absentee ballot operation and he's hoping that investigations into his operation continue.
"McCrae wasn't stupid enough to get caught," Munn said. "He thought he was above the law."
A spokesman for the NCSBE said in an email statement "State Board staff believes that the evidence presented in Raleigh last week will serve as a reminder that this agency will not tolerate efforts to defraud the electoral system in North Carolina. Our agency will support all prosecutorial efforts by the Wake County District Attorney."
The spokesperson declined to answer numerous questions from WBTV citing the ongoing criminal investigation but said that "The State Board paid expenses for witnesses who were asked to travel to Raleigh on Sunday night ahead of the hearing."
Salisbury VAMC Offers new Urgent Care benefits
According to a press release, the Salisbury VA Health Care System (HCS) is dedicated to helping Veterans get access to the care they need at the right place and at the right time.
David Whisenant
Salisbury Community Resource Fair agency registration deadline approaching
The Salisbury Community Action Teams will host its annual Community Resource Fair for parents and children of all ages, Saturday, Aug. 17, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the Hurley YMCA.
Published 1:26 AM at 1:26 AM
Man charged in 2016 Charlotte murder found not guilty


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How can we stop mums feeling guilty about not breastfeeding?
Midwives have been told to support bottlefeeding among mums in a major shift in attitudes, the Royal College of Midwives announced this week.
It says mums should not be guilt tripped over choosing not to breastfeed and is encouraging midwives to be supportive of mothers, however they choose to feed their baby.
Chief Executive Gill Walton said: "The RCM believes that women should be at the centre of their own care and as with other areas of maternity care, midwives and maternity support workers should promote informed choice.
"If, after being given appropriate information, advice and support on breastfeeding, a woman chooses not to do so, or to give formula as well as breastfeeding, her choice must be respected.
"We recognise that some women cannot or do not wish to breastfeed and rely on formula milk. They must be given all the advice and support they need on safe preparation of bottles and responsive feeding to develop a close and loving bond with their baby."
I have a few thoughts about the announcement, but first a little background from me.
I could not breastfeed my first baby. I tried and tried until we were both in tears, but we just couldn't get the latch right.
I felt so guilty, like such a failure, that I then exclusively pumped for her for more than 20 weeks. It was a slog and almost like a punishment I gave to myself for letting my baby down.
Now that I have a happy and healthy three-year-old I realise now how silly it was to get so very bogged down in the issue of breastfeeding, and yet we do. Because in the early weeks with a baby it's pretty much all we are doing day in and day out. Feed, feed and feed some more.
Now back to the RCM announcement.
I met VERY few midwives who were militant about breastfeeding.
Of course it came up in every conversation I had with them, but most had the attitude of: "We don't care how you feed your baby, as long as you feed your baby."
The problem with breastfeeding and new mums is that it only takes that one negative comment to make us think badly about ourselves and question our decision.
It's rather like when we hear something negative about our appearance, or are told we have cocked something up at work. It doesn't matter how much we try to focus on the good, the single negative comment seems to fester and dominate.
Therefore it only takes one midwife, nurse or lactation expert to tut loudly and ask "but don't you want what's best for your baby", for us to feel like we are doing the wrong thing.
The fact of the matter is we ALL want what's best for our babies. That's a no-brainer. Which is why the "breast is best" advertising slogan is so bloody hurtful.
Breast is best, so anything less is not the best. Bottle feeding is not best, so you're not doing your best for your baby.
That's the message we are sending to mothers with the endless rhetoric about breastfeeding. It's so damaging, no wonder many women cite not being able to breastfeed as a key cause of post-natal depression.
Researchers at Liverpool University studied the experiences of more than 1,600 new mums in 2016. Among the 890 who did formula feeding, 67 per cent reported feeling guilty, 68 per cent felt stigmatised and 76 per cent felt the need to defend their feeding choice.
Research carried out by The Priory found that 80 per cent of 1,000 parents surveyed believe breastfeeding problems fuel depression.
I can't ignore the studies out there about breastmilk being good for babies. But formula is NOT bad for babies by comparison. Babies grow, thrive and go on to live completely normal lives on formula. Babies like me, who had not one drop of breast milk. I have no allergies or eczema or any other long-term health worries, apart from an addiction to chocolate. Can I blame that on formula?
You can't pick the breastfed babies out of a crowd, they are not a super human race.
Why oh why then can we not just shut the fuck up about it and let every mama make their own decision?
It's because, unfortunately, the World Health Organisation does care a whole lot about breastfeeding.
The UK has one of the lowest rates of breastfeeding in Europe.
Although most new mothers try it initially, less than half are still exclusively breastfeeding when their baby is six weeks old. This drops to about one per cent at six months.
It's because of these figures that the breastfeeding advertising campaign is still on the march and why UK mums will still continue to come up against major pressure to breastfeed.
So what can we do for pregnant mamas, and what can they do for themselves, to avoid piling the guilt on when it comes to breastfeeding?
Think about how you want to feed your baby, but don't pin all your hopes on it. Every baby is different. Plan to breastfeed and read up on how to do it. Not every baby gets it right away and sometimes mamas just decide they don't want to carry on. And that is totally fine.
Stop telling mamas it's natural. It wasn't natural to me. It was easier the second time around, because I knew a lot more about breastfeeding from my earlier experience.
Stop putting mums into two camps, the breastfeeders and the bottle feeders. We are all feeding our babies, surely that is all that matters.
Delete the phrase "breast is best" from every single pamphlet, book, article and poster. It's one of the worst things a vulnerable mother can read.
However you feed your baby is up to you. This is a matter of choosing between a bottle and a boob, not between right and wrong.
Have you struggled with breastfeeding your baby? Did you choose not to breastfeed, or couldn't? I would love to hear your thoughts on this.


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Glen Rose distance to Plano
How far is Glen Rose from Plano?
Distance by Flight
Shortest distance between Glen Rose and Plano is 81.99 miles (131.95 km).
Flight distance from Glen Rose, TX to Plano, TX is 81.99 miles. Estimated flight time is 00 hours 11 minutes.
It takes 00 hours 10 minutes to travel from Glen Rose to Plano with an airplane (average speed of 550 miles).
The driving distance from Glen Rose, Texas to Plano, Texas is: 95.37 miles (153.48 km) by car.
Driving from Glen Rose to Plano will take approximately 01 hours 44 minutes.
#1 Glen Rose
City in Somervell County, Texas, United States
32°14'5"N 97°45'19"W
#2 Plano
City in Texas, United States
33°1'11"N 96°41'56"W
Starting point in Glen Rose: East Elm Street (-97.755318,32.234577)
Ending point in Plano: East 15th Street (-96.698873,33.019694)
Estimated Travel Time Between Glen Rose and Plano
The distance between Glen Rose and Plano is 153 km if you choose to drive by road. You can go 01 hours 42 minutes if you drive your car at an average speed of 90 kilometers / hour. For different choices, please review the avg. speed travel time table on the below.
There is no time difference between Glen Rose and Plano. The current time is 08:12:50.
30 mph (48.3 km/h) 03 hours 10 minutes
40 mph (64.37 km/h) 02 hours 23 minutes
70 mph (112.65 km/h) 01 hours 21 minutes
75 mph (120.7 km/h) 01 hours 16 minutes
Gas Consumption
A car with a fuel efficiency of 8.3 l/100 km will need 12.74 liters (3.37 gallon) of gas to cover the route between Glen Rose and Plano.
The estimated cost of gas to go from Glen Rose to Plano is $11.13 (diesel $12.54).
Take a look at our Gas Cost Calculator feature. It will figure out how much it will cost to drive this particular distance.
The average gas price per gallon of daily gas for calculations is $3.306 (Diesel $3.725) /gallon. Last changed prices on January 19, 2022.
How did we calculate the distance?
The place names are translated into coordinates to approximate the distance between Glen Rose and Plano (latitude and longitude). Cities, states, and countries each have their own regional center. The Haversine formula is used to measure the radius.
Distance to Other Cities
Driving distance from Arlington, TX to Glen Rose 68.44 miles (110 km)
01 hours 08 minutes.
Driving distance from Austin, TX to Glen Rose 161.38 miles (260 km)
Driving distance from Corpus Christi, TX to Glen Rose 355.92 miles (573 km)
Driving distance from Dallas, TX to Glen Rose 76.26 miles (123 km)
Driving distance from Fort Worth, TX to Glen Rose 56.17 miles (90 km)
Driving distance from Houston, TX to Glen Rose 254.36 miles (409 km)
Montopolis, TX
Driving distance from Montopolis, TX to Glen Rose 164.2 miles (264 km)
Driving distance from San Antonio, TX to Glen Rose 214.18 miles (345 km)
Driving distance from El Paso, TX to Glen Rose 582.77 miles (938 km)
Gas Cost Calculator
Gas/Fuel Price per Gallon
Fuel Efficiency (MPG)
Trip Distance Miles
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UPDATE: Firefighters mapping North Fire learn blaze burned 6,910 acres; now at 40% containment
Marcella Corona
Firefighters are working to put out any hotspots and create a line surrounding a large blaze that erupted near Hallelujah Junction over the weekend.
"Things have really cooled down on the (North Fire) today," information officer Rudy Evenson said Tuesday. "There's much less active fire behavior, although they are still finding and putting out hot spots."
The North Fire sparked Sunday amid a couple of other smaller fires in the area and quickly doubled in size over a period of 24 hours.
Evenson said the fire has burned through 6,910 acres and was 40 percent contained as of Tuesday evening.
More:North Fire at Hallelujah Junction area now at 6,593 acres, 10 percent containment
Related:The Poeville Fire took stability and routine away from Reno family
Fire officials spent their day on Tuesday working to accurately map the fire area for a better estimation of the acreage and containment.
"They're making more exact maps because, in the past few days, the fire suppression has been at a lot faster pace than it was today," Evenson said Tuesday. "Today they had the opportunity to do more precise acreage."
Initially, evacuations were called for in the Red Rock and Rancho Haven communities where approximately 5,000 and 1,000 people live, respectively.
The fire also previously threatened 150 homes as well as residential power and telephone lines, a volunteer fire station, and a wildlife sanctuary in the area.
However, Evenson said evacuations have since been lifted and the fire was no longer threatening any nearby structures.
"Right now, we're in a process of buttoning up everything," Evenson said, adding crews were building a fire line around the whole burn area.
That means firefighters were enclosing the fire area with either already burnt vegetation or dirt. Crews often use a bulldozer to scrape surrounding brush to help prevent the fire from spreading.
Crews included firefighters from both federal and local agencies. Evenson said the fire was burning within the Bureau of Land Management jurisdiction.
The cause of the fire was still under investigation.
Evenson said residents should expect to see firefighters and equipment "go up and down Red Rock Road in the next couple of days." He said firefighters were thankful for the community's support.
Marcella Corona is a breaking news reporter who covers crime and justice in Northern Nevada. Support her work by subscribing to RGJ.com.


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Green Motion helps primary school go green
Green Motion is the only carbon neutral car rental company in the UK
Leena Sidat
Green Motion presented Abbey Road Primary School with £2,100 to help support their environmental initiatives. Pictured: Leicester branch manager, Scott Headington; HR manager, Harnish Shergill; Abbey Mead business manager, Clare Holland; senior customer service administrator, Priya Gandrokia (Image: Green Motion)
A low emission car rental company, Green Motion International is considered publicly, and by industry experts, as amiable ambassadors in the movement towards a more sustainable future.
Recently, the company's Leicester branch gained local attention after they offered support to a local primary school's eco initiatives. Abbey Mead Primary Academy in Leicester began their commitment to sustainable practices last year by encouraging pupils to cycle to school and educate classes on the importance of recycling as well as activities in their new 'Eco Warriors' club.
After hearing of the local primary school's new motivation to improve their eco status, the Leicester Green Motion branch donated £2,100 to cover the cost of new bike sheds and recycling facilities which is of great benefit to both the local community and the children's understanding of global warming.
The branch have expressed that they will continue to support the primary school after its financial investment through any guidance they require, and by offering agents as volunteers to supervise environmental initiatives, such as the school's 'Eco Warrior' club.
Green Motion's donation enabled the school to become even greener with a new cycle shed and new recycling facilities. Pictured: Scott, Priya and Abbey Mead's principal, Gary Aldred (Image: Leicester Mercury)
Working towards a sustainable future
Green Motion takes its role as stewards of the environment extremely seriously, and the protection and care of the environment is a vital part of Green Motion's core business model. Its efforts are reflected in the countless awards celebrating their work in combating climate change, including commendation from several official UK and international environmental bodies.
As well as its ecological drive, the company has also committed themselves to social and community causes, such as the Winter Night Shelter, Alzheimer's Society, cancer support charities and other fundraisers, like Comic Relief and the Australian Firefighters fund.
Whilst the climate crisis is a colossal mission, Green Motion's fight against global warming has begun from the foundations of each and every rental station. Every location in the company's vast network - spanning across 47 countries - is internally designed utilising renewable materials from ethical, environmental suppliers as well as using only recycled stationery in store.
A consideration each franchisee must make prior to joining the Green Motion network is how they can commit to essential rental station requirements, such as censored low energy lighting, recycling units, environmentally friendly cleaning and of course fleets inclusive of low emission vehicles.
All staff are encouraged to adopt the core principles of the Green Motion ethos with many agents choosing to further their pledge from sustainable practice in office, to exchanging paid work hours to volunteer within their local communities.
Rajen Vaghela and Megan Hollies, rental agents from the Green Motion Leicester North branch (Image: Green Motion)
Late last year, Green Motion UK proudly announced their carbon neutral status making them the only carbon neutral car rental company in the UK.
At the beginning of 2019, the UK franchise heads decided to extend the gift of reducing carbon emissions to their customers by committing to offset all journeys taken by their clients and also to do the same for all energy used within each of the 30 UK locations. The company is able to do this by donating the funds to cover the UK franchises carbon footprint, to the wind turbine projects in India and the re-forestation of the Amazon rainforest.
Green Motion is very rightly pleased with their ecological efforts, however, one UK branch in particular has surpassed the eco rental company's expectations, driving the whole network towards even more intense environmental goals. Water-less car washing has recently been introduced at the Green Motion Edinburgh Waverley branch, which has reduced water use by 200 litres per vehicle washed.
In a generation of compliance, denial and concerning public reluctance to change, eco car rental company Green Motion is spearheading the way towards a sustainable future by caring for their local communities, as well as focusing on the bigger picture of global warming.
Whether you're carpooling, abandoning your usual cycling commute in protest to the winter weather, or looking to hire a car for a trip away, be sure to opt for the car rental company that is socially and ecologically responsible – Green Motion.
For more information on Green Motion, visit the website.
#Do1Thing
Climate change is a critical issue facing us all. The enormity of the situation can seem overwhelming but we believe a collective effort of small steps can make a massive difference. Which is why we're asking you to #Do1Thing to help protect Leicestershire - and the world - for future generations. Get all the latest environment news and views right here.
Special FeaturesAre you struggling to care for an older loved one but hesitant about choosing a care home?Lonsdale Mews, run by award-winning provider Care UK, make sure your loved one's safety and happiness comes first
44% rise in children needing foster homes during Covid-19 pandemic - how you can help
In the NewsNexus Fostering is appealing for people in Loughborough and the surrounding areas to come forward and foster in 2021, and change young people's lives for the better while benefiting from a rewarding career
How long-term fostering can positively impact people's lives
Special FeaturesDemi, who first entered long-term foster care when she was 14, had her anxieties soothed by the supportive and welcoming environment of her foster home.
Know a dedicated care professional helping others this Christmas? Nominate them for a well-deserved award
ChristmasLeicestershireLive Care Professional of the Year Awards are a chance to reward our unsung heroes
Nominate an exemplary care professional for this special recognition award
Special FeaturesLeicestershireLive Care Professional of the Year Awards give you a chance to nominate your care hero
Amazing pictures show Leicester's St Margaret's bus station through the years
Leicester NostalgiaImages show the transport hub all the way back to the 1940s


text:
The Wandsworth Formation is a formation cropping out in Newfoundland.

References

Neoproterozoic Newfoundland and Labrador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Big Sky Mobile is a mobile network in the United States and has a number of subscriber. Online businesses can buy the Big Sky mobile United States traffic package to reach out to the users and can easily promote their business to the users. Mobile ads are used for such traffic package as they have a higher reach and a good click through rate. When you buy dedicated Big Sky Mobile United States traffic, it helps you to know your ROI also. You get more of relevant traffic at your online business site which in turn helps you to get more business. To buy Big Sky Mobile United States traffic package, get in touch with us here.


text:
Q: Firebase database structure for chat application I am trying to structure a firebase database for chat system. What I wanted to achieve is after user successfully logged in, they will see a list of message they have sent to different users. Each of the message preview will show the last message. Then, user can select on the message to view the full chat details. It should work like the Facebook Messenger.
My design structure as such:
chatMessage
    sender *(Assume this one is user)*
        threads
            threadID1
                messageID1
                    datetime, content, receiver, status
                messageID2
                    datetime, content, receiver, status
            threadID2
                messageID1
                    datetime, content, receiver, status
                messageID2
                    datetime, content, receiver, status
    sender *(Assume this one is admin)*
         threads
            threadID1
                messageID1
                    datetime, content, receiver, status
                messageID2
                    datetime, content, receiver, status

The design above allows me to know let's say userID1 logged in, I can retrieve all the messages he sent. However, I am not able to know if there is any reply prior to the message and therefore I am not able to retrieve the last message.
How can I actually restructure it so that I can achieve what I mentioned above? Any suggestions?
Thanks!

A: It sounds like you want to:

*

*Have chat "rooms" between users

*Show a list of each user's chat rooms, with the latest message for that room

If those are your requirements, I'd model precisely those in your database.
So for each chat room (a chat between a certain set of users), model the messages for that room:
chats: {
  $roomId: {
    $messageId: {
      senderId: "..."
      message: "..."
    }
  }
}

Now for each user, model a separate list of their chats and the latest message:
userRooms: {
  $uid: {
    $roomId: {
      "message: "..."
    }
  }
}

Now whenever a user posts a message to a room, you will need to push that message to /chats/$roomId and for each user in that chat room write the message to /userRooms/$uid/$roomId (overwriting the exiting message there).
This type of data duplication is known as fanning out data, because you're spreading a single snippet of information over multiple places in the database. It is quite common in NoSQL databases, and is part of the reason they scale so well: they trade write complexity for read performance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Brondesbury Park - suspected unexploded WW2 bomb
https://www.london-fire.gov.uk/incidents/2017/march/brondesbury-park-suspected-unexploded-ww2-bomb/
The operation to remove an unexploded World War Two bomb from a building site on The Avenue near Willesden Lane in Brondesbury Park, NW6 concluded on Friday evening (3 March).
The Brigade assisted the police and the army at the scene after the device was discovered on Thursday morning.
Specialist officers from the Army worked throughout the day and night and into Friday to make the device safe. At 19:30hrs on Friday (3 March) it was loaded onto a lorry and, an hour later, the lorry was driven away from the location.
During the incident safety cordons and local road closures were in place and a number of schools, nurseries and nearby homes were evacuated as a precaution. The local authority set up a reception centre to assist those people affected. All residents have now been allowed to return home and all cordons have been lifted.
The Brigade was called at 1150 on Thursday. Three fire engines, a fire rescue unit, a Command Unit and two Inter Agency Liaison Officers were at the scene.


The duo of Axwell /\ Ingrosso, former members of the legendary Swedish House Mafia, has been signed to an exclusive contract with Universal Music Group, to release new music and content in 2014 on Def Jam Recordings in the U.S. and Virgin/EMI in the UK, with their debut album coming in early 2015. In Australia they will be released though EMI.
Axwell /\ Ingrosso (with third member Steve Angello) began collaborating in 2007 as Swedish House Mafia, which became a multi-platinum household name success across Europe by the end of 2010, with "One" featuring Pharrell, and "Miami 2 Ibiza" vs. Tinie Tempah. "Save the World" extended their run into 2011, along with "Antidote" vs. Knife Party.
"Don't You Worry" featuring John Martin was SHM's breakthrough hit in 2012, #1 in the UK, Sweden and Australia, and Top 10 in most territories around the world, including the U.S., where it was certified RIAA triple-platinum. It was in late-2012 when SHM announced they would disband at the end of their "One Last Tour" in 2013, paving the way for this year's emergence of Axwell /\ Ingrosso.
Despite their laidback shoegaze sound, Hamjam have been particularly busy lately; signing to WA label, Pilerats, releasing a free download of their bizarre and wonderful cover of ILOVEMAKKONEN, Club Going Up On A Tuesday, (which was covered by iconic online destination, The Fader) and are now offering up the first single, Love from their self-titled debut. Available for pre-order from 22nd September before its official release on 10th October, buy the EP to receive Love instantly.
These Perth based garage heroes are incoming and quietly making their name across the nations backyard party scene. With the duo's forthcoming self-titled EP finally complete, this single marks the crunchy guitar ridden, knackered tone of psychedelia the Hamjam boys are promising to release and it's some of the most infectious, skuzzy, sing-along guitar music you'll hear all year.
Channeling the live energy of some of the countries favourite new guitar bands and featuring current members of The Growl and Gunns – Hamjam eschew the impossibly structured fine mess of the aforementioned legends in favour of swampy blown out guitar rhythms, and slap-in-the-face drum work.
Think hot box vocal echoes, seasick wurtilizers and proper stomp box worship, throwing together thrashy & loose & effortlessly chill, in a way only the West Coast can. This is off-kilter guitar pop music at it's finest, from two of Perth, Australia's finest idiots.
Following the success of their runaway single Merewif, mystical Melbourne-based uncle/niece duo Willow Beats have just released their sophomore EP 'Water'. Out through WA-label Pilerats, they have also announced a national headline tour in support of the record. Willow Beats will be supported nationally by Adelaide producer and master of chill, Oisima.
Featuring six ethereal tracks, the release was premiered on Rolling Stone online, debuted at #1 on the Australian iTunes electronic charts, and peaked at #11 on the main album charts.
August saw Willow Beats travelling around the country on a largely-sold out tour in support of Merewif, and their upcoming headline tour is sure to follow suit. The pair will also make highly anticipated festival appearances including Strawberry Fields, Beyond The Valley and inaugural New Years festival Lost Paradise, where they'll be sharing the stage with the likes of AlunaGeorge, Boy & Bear and The Preatures.
One of the most impressive aspects of 'Water' is the sheer diversity of the music. While the overarching vibe is delicate and soulful, beneath the surface can be found a range of technically-brilliant, dance-floor ready beats and melodies. From the enchanting Merewif, to the crunchy synth hooks and fluttering beats on Airships, and the cascading polyrhythms on Guardian, this EP is nothing short of impressive.
A follow-up to the critically acclaimed 2013 'Alchemy' EP, 'Water' offers cochlea-bruising production and dual-vocal arrangements appearing for the very first time. Vocalist Kalyani Ellis enchants with her powerful vocals, the perfect complement to the slick dreamscapes of beatmaker/vocalist Narayana Johnson.
Well they always say if you are going to finish up then go out with a bang. That is something that British rap project The Streets have taken to heart. Those that find Mike Skinner's unique voice similar to fingernails on a chalkboard will be overjoyed at the news that Computers And Blues is The Streets' final album. Others will be shattered but they can rest easy in the knowledge that this album is clearly the finest that The Streets have ever produced. It is truly amazing.
"Outside Inside" shows listeners exactly what they can expect to hear on Computers And Blues. It is computerized within an inch of its life, but its great electronic sound is a great intro into "Going Through Hell" (which features Robert Harvey (from The Music… not the St Kilda football legend)). This radio single is a stunning track that makes you realise just how good The Streets can sound when they are in full flight.
The great songs just keep coming on Computers And Blues with "Roof Of The Car" revealing itself to be a great 'date' track while the catchy melody of "Puzzled By People" means you'll be singing along to it in no time. "Without Thinking" follows suite and seems to be inspired by the Boogie Pimps… the track is made even better by some catchy vocals by Sharlene Hector.
Skinner gets emotional with "Blip On The Screen" a song that all the caring Dad's out there will easily to relate to (and by the way how great is Skinner's emotional song-writing on this track?) while "Those That Don't Know" is a short piece of honey.
Then comes the absolute masterpiece, "Soldiers"… a track so good it can only be described as one of the songs of the year… not surprisingly Harvey played a hand in it, as he also does for the extremely poetic "We Can Never Be Friends"… another heartfelt classic.
Some obvious album filler, "ABC" puts a slight halt to the album but everything moves back into gear when Laura Vine steps up to the mic with "OMG"… which is a heap better than Usher's lame effort with the same name. Vince then sticks around for "Trying To Kill Me" a track that would have also been perfect for Lily Allen. Skinner once again shows his talent as an emotional songwriter with "Trust Me" while he teams up with Claire Maguire for "Lock The Locks" which ironically is a song about Skinner handing in his notice… some great planning sees this close the album.
And there it is The Streets close their career with Computers And Blues… an album so great that it seems a shame that it is the end for a duo that have truly changed the face of the British rap scene.
There is no middle ground with The Streets. People either absolutely love Mike Skinner's unique vocals or they compare them to nails on a blackboard. For the lovers of The Streets however, Computers And Blues sees the end of an era. Skinner has made it quite clear that this will be the last Streets album… and after taking a listen you certainly have to admit that they go out with a bang. Computers And Blues is easily the best album from their discography.
Opening track "Outside Inside" shows where the Computer part of the album's title comes from as it reveals early on that this is an album with a heavy computerized electronic basis. It then gives way to the first single from Computers And Blues, the brilliant "Going Through Hell" which also features the work of The Music's Robert Harvey. This is a brilliant track that needs to be remembered when they are handing out Songs Of The Year gongs.
"Roof Of The Car" sees The Streets produce another truly memorable chorus while creating a great 'first date' track while the melody of "Puzzled By People" means it will be rolling around in your head for ages after you've listened to it. The same could be said for "Without Thinking" which consists of a Boogie Pimps style of sound and is made catchy by Sharlene Hector's terrific vocals.
"Blip On The Screen" is guaranteed to bring a tear to the eye of any new Dad's listening, but it's thought-provoking mellowness quickly gives way to the short-and-sweet "Those That Don't Know".
Robert Harvey returns for one of the best Streets' songs of all time, the terrific "Soldiers"… a track that you will want to keep listening to over and over. Harvey also sticks around for "We Can Never Be Friends"… yet another great track that has lyrics so smooth that sound like poetry.
Laura Vine introduces a terrific R&B style to both "OMG" and "Trying To Kill Me" (the latter also sounding like a song Lily Allen would have loved to get her hands on). "Trust Me" sees Mike Skinner return to some heartfelt vocals and then the album closes with "Lock The Locks" (feat Claire Maguire) that is ironically a track about Skinner handing in his notice.
And so it seems that is it for The Streets and while Mike Skinner has been promising a new project really soon it is hard to imagine that he will release anything that is good as Computers And Blues. This has to be one of the albums of the year.


Such centres currently receive funding from Family and Community Services (FACS) under the same program that funds services for children and families at risk of entering the child protection system.
NSW Council of Social Service (NCOSS) and the Local Community Services Association (LCSA) are concerned that reforms to the child protection system will mean neighbourhood centres will have to shift their focus to these families and children, which leaves other groups vulnerable.
NCOSS CEO Joanna Quilty says communities trust neighbourhood centres because of their unique focus on such things as youth programs, English language classes, volunteer home visiting, financial counselling and mental health groups.
Staff and volunteers help out at South Eastern Community Connect's 40th Anniversary event.
NCOSS and the LCSA are calling for greater investment in this social infrastructure.
LCSA Executive Officer Can Yasmut said political leaders need to recognise there is strength in diversity, and that we need to retain a diverse community services system in which locally based and governed neighbourhood centres play a vital role.
"There is broad agreement by policy makers and community leaders that place-based strategies are the best way to address local community issues, and the evidence is clear: Building and maintaining stronger and more connected communities leads to better outcomes for children, families and all vulnerable and isolated members of the community," Yasmut says.