text:
Disrupting the Boundaries: Resistance and Convict Women
by Joy Damousi
In 1838, The Governor of Van Diemens Land, Sir John and his wife, Lady Franklin visited and inspected the Cascades Female Factory in Hobart and attended a service in the factory chapel. At the time, services were being conducted by the Reverend William Bedford, the butt of convict ridicule — they called him 'Hollie Willie' — and was, on more than one occasion, the target of female convicts' jests and pranks. In one incident,
as he was crossing the courtyard of the Female House of Correction, some dozen or twenty women seized upon him, took off his trousers and deliberately endeavoured to deprive him of his manhood. They were, however, unable to effect their purpose in consequence of the opportune arrival of a few constables who seized the fair ladies and place them in durance vile.
This same refractory spirit was illustrated by another occasion when convict women violated the boundaries that confined them. In defiance of their subordinate relationship to the Franklins and to the penal authorities, while standing in front of the vice regal party who addressed them from an elevated dais, all of a sudden,
the three hundred women turned right around and at one impulse pulled up their clothes shewing their naked posteriors which they simultaneously smacked with their hands making a loud and not very musical noise. This was the work of a moment, and although constables, warders etc. were there in plenty, yet 300 women could not well be all arrested and tried for such an offence and when all did the same act the ringleaders could not be picked out.
This cheeky behaviour had the desired impact. Although the witnesses to this event claimed that their 'indecencies and insults had not the effect of creating either irritation or annoyance', clearly the governor and his party had been 'horrified and astounded' and were determined 'that this visit would be their last'. However, the ladies in the governor's party, it was said, in at rare moment of collusion with the convict women 'could not control their laughter'.
In the female prisons, the expression of laughter, jest and the indulgence of 'play' was a punishable offence. Although on the one hand the penal system treated convict women like children, with a system of reward and punishment, on the other, it recoiled at the expression of childlike pleasures.
Another incident further illustrates this power dynamic. In March 1842, when Hobart factory superintendent John Hutchinson heard a noise at about eight o'clock, he took his keys and went to investigate. He looked in at the window of the ward, and allowed himself some time to identify the five prisoners, Ellen Arnold, Elisabeth Armstrong, Frances Hutchinson, Eliza Smith and Mary Deverena, who were
dancing perfectly naked, and making obscene attitudes towards each other, they were also singing and shouting and making use of most disgusting language. There was a sixth woman but I could not positively swear to her, the disgusting attitudes towards each other were in imitation of men and women together.
Although this was obviously sexual play the women claimed they were washing themselves. But Hutchinson was clear as to their purpose. When he went into the room he discovered that there were no tubs, and 'the language they used and the attitudes they made use of corresponded in obscenity so that no mistake could be made by me as the nature of both'. One of the convicts, Eliza Smith, claimed that their behaviour arose 'from a mere joke', but Hutchinson was not moved, claiming he saw only a dirty beastly action'. Although Frances Hutchinson was found to be dancing and not making any indecent attitudes', she was given a six-month sentence, while the others received twelve months hard labour. All the women involved in this act of 'merriment' were placed in separate confinements.
A few months later, in a similar spirt of animation and frolic, women in the prison in Hobart were reported to be 'singing and dancing and making a noise'. They refused to cease despite several requests for them to do so. When Mrs Hutchinson, the matron, entered the room, the women squatted down and refused to give the names of the ringleaders. The women 'shouted and clapped their hands, stamped and made noise with their feet and this took place to such an extent that I conscientiously say it was a riot'. The superintendent attempted to persuade them to name the leaders but did so with little effect. The women, insisted Mrs Hutchinson, had plenty of opportunity to declare themselves not belonging to the 'Mob'. The tumult continued each time the superintendent left the room. The police were called in to contain the calamity and the 'hurrahing', as District Constable Brice referred to it. The women 'kept up a tremendous clatter with their tongues', he reported, despite continued efforts to encourage the women to distance themselves from agitators in the group. In a display of solidarity, the women said they were unwilling to divide their own ranks in this way. 'We are all alike, we are all alike', they chanted. When Brice entered the room he was impressed with how 'such a body of women could have placed themselves in such a regular manner in so short a time'. The disturbance lasted for four or five hours, and eventually the stalemate ended when the prisoner Ann Maloney pointed out the ringleaders. Six prisoners were reprimanded; two had their sentence of transportation extended by one year, while nine women were sentenced to six months hard labour following solitary confinement for twenty-one days.
Singing and dancing in the wards at night was an effective means of challenging authority. The women's songs were loud and strong, explicitly violating those measures in place which aimed to restrain their pressures and amusements. Mrs Hutchinson reported to the inquiry into convict discipline that
their songs are sometimes very disgusting. They leave off when they know I am coming. When they do not (which is sometimes the case in a wet night when they do not hear my foot on the pavement) I turn out the whole ward till I get at the woman whom I send to a cell.
John Price, the police magistrate, who, through his long dealings with criminals, knew of the 'cant language' of convicts, observed that the women convicts were in the habit of 'composing songs ridiculing the authorities'. In the context of the prisons, this laughter and play was a potent way of subverting a system which was so emphatically designed to deny the expression of such intemperance. The True Colonist reported in 1837 that while the 'horrors of the crime class' had shocked the inhabitants of Van Diemen's Land, what was more disagreeable to moral evangelical sensibilities was the fact that
many women prefer this class to the others, because it is more lively! There is more fun there than in the others; and we have been informed, that some of the most sprightly of the ladies divert their companions by acting plays!
" In a penal society based on prohibition, any moments of spontaneous pleasure amongst criminals were subversive. Women in particular were subject to restrictions, limitations and expectations based on their sex and because there were firm assumptions about how women should behave, they were perceived to be somehow worse behaved. In terms of daily contact, sexual behaviour, and in the use of language theirs was a more restricted world than that of male convicts. Transgressing gender boundaries was in itself disruptive.
For women, laughter became an important part of this transgression. Mary Douglas notes that 'the idea of loud vociferous laughter may be unseemly in polite company. But what counts as loud and vociferous may vary greatly'. These moments tested the authorities. These women were indulging in acts deemed vulgar, as their exuberance was deemed 'unfeminine'. To laugh loudly and vociferously in a prison, which aimed to regulate and order the very being of its inmates, was an act of impetuousness that represented an important transgressive moment. More crucially, it was the expression of desire and pleasure — those aspects of convict women deemed uncontrollable and volatile — which was perceived as reckless but also dangerous. Many of these punishable offences were efforts by the women to indulge themselves in pleasure and entertainment: they were punished in their efforts to claim self-expression.
It is to the actions and behaviour of convict women that we must turn, for the existing records are hopelessly deficient in recording their voices, the range of their emotions and their motivations. The various forms of subversion are a key to understanding their actions, which also need to be more broadly understood within the context of the exercise of power within the colonies.
In colonial society 'power' was despotic and autocratic, where governors kept both convicts and ex-convicts under 'direct and intimate surveillance'. Movement and travel were circumscribed through a range of regulations and constraints. … When the refractory women of the female factory exposed their bottoms, they were confronting the disciplinary gaze by challenging the boundaries of the sexual, of femininity, the body and spaces of power …
The murder of two convict women here is interesting because of the behaviour of the two women, who were determined to remain together. Waldron had warned Mary Moloney that he would go to the police office and report her insolence and improper language. Sarah McGregor was determined to go with her. 'If Mary goes, I'll go,' she insisted, 'we came together and we will go together'. Waldron said that she had done nothing that would send her there, at which point it was claimed she struck him, and 'gave him several violent blows on the neck and head'. According to Waldron's wife, the prisoner 'pulled up her petticoats and exposed her person to the view of the whole family … the language of the prisoners during this time, was of the most disgraceful description'.
In both the murder and the display, the women challenged the expected behaviour of domestic servants and feminine decorum. But their subversive behaviour was also evident in resisting a most probably violent master and in acting together. Clearly there was a solidarity between the two women and they were prepared to flout regulations in order to remain together and return to the factory. The desire to return to the factory in itself was a defiant act, for it undermined efforts to separate the women, and suggested the effectiveness of the factory as a form of punishment. Whether or not they were responsible for his death is a contentious issue, for there were witnesses who testified they had not seen the prisoners strike him. NonetheIess, the women were found guilty and hanged.
It is the silences in this episode that are telling, for the expressed desire and direct action by the convict women to remain together and be returned to prison undermined government efforts to separate and punish them. With no voice in the existing records, it is only through the actions of the convict women that we can interpolate meaning.
Joy Damousi is a senior lecturer in Department of History at the University of Melbourne and is on the editorial board of InQueeries.
This piece is extracted with permission from Depraved and Disorderly: Female Convicts sexuality and Gender in Colonial Australia published by Cambridge University Press.
Her other books include: Gender and War: Australians at War in the Twentieth Century which she co-edits with Marilyn Lake.
In the Australian Humanities Review, see also: Damousi, Joy, Excerpts, Issue 07, August 1997


My name is Valerie Fuller and I am your Maine State Representative to the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP). My responsibilities as your state representative include keeping you abreast of national policy and legislation of interest to nurse practitioners, coordinating the "State Awards for Excellence" and membership to the organization.
I'm often asked by NPs why they should be members of both their national organization (AANP) and their state organization, the Maine Nurse Practitioner Association (MNPA). I strongly encourage you to be a member of both and here is why – our state organization is our local "watchdog" who monitors state legislation and policy of interest to NPs and organizes a phenomenal annual conference each year. AANP does this same job but at a national level. Neither organization can do both so it is important that we support the organizations who serve and protect our NP practice at both the state and national level.
A little about me; I've been an RN for 28 years and a nurse practitioner for 21 years. I'm certified as both a family and an acute care NP, and I am also an advanced practice wound ostomy nurse and RN First Assist. I hold both a DNP and PhD in nursing and my research interests include wound care, vascular surgery and delirium.
Last fall, after 15 years of inpatient clinical practice at Maine Medical Center, I transitioned to a full-time faculty position at the University of Southern Maine (USM) School of Nursing. It was time to give back to the profession that has personally given me so much and to pursue my dream of starting a face-to-face Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner program in Maine! I now work per diem in Vascular Surgery at Maine Medical Center and Central Maine Medical Center in additional to my faculty responsibilities.
Lastly, if you are interested in NP education (Masters or Post Masters programs) or the new Adult Gerontology Acute Care NP (AGACNP) program at USM, please don't hesitate to reach out to me at [email protected] More information about the new AGACNP program can be found here https://usm.maine.edu/nursing/ms-nursing-adult-gerontology-acute-care-nurse-practitioner.
Thank you for the opportunity to serve and please be in contact if you need anything.


Thank you for being there for all those "little critters" who can only talk to us with their waggy tails, with eyes that sparkle or cry, or a warm and wet kiss with their tongues!
These dogs and cats are people too. They are just much simpler folks, but they get happy and sad, frightened and content, hungry and full, much like their human companions. It's a pleasure for all of us to bring happiness and security to as many of these fuzzy folks as we can.
Sometimes we learn more details, or get additional photos during or after an adoption.


Dr Koo's teaching program is built on the requirements of the AMEB. With a high success rate at examinations every term, we emphasis not only the performance but also balanced musicianship with aural training, sight reading, and a real understanding of structures, tonalities, and styles.
With extensive experience in working as professional orchestras as violinist, violist, cellist and conductor, Dr Koo provides the most instructive lessons for our students. His simple effective teaching methods enable students to quickly grasp the principles of the art of the string instruments playing.
Dr Koo provides individual violin lessons for students at all levels, ranging from beginners up to advanced professional performance levels.
The main aim of these lessons is to bring up young musicians for The SCO Youth Symphony orchestras.
By the trainings of the youth orchestras to enhance their performing techniques, musical knowledges, broadens their potential music career, as well as imparting to them the value of communication, teamwork, and discipline.
All students will be encouraged to join the SYS orchestras.


text:
Current Research Activities
Presently, I am working on a project called "Queering the History of the Women's Suffrage Movement." This research explores how suffragists both reinforced and challenged heteronormative views of gender and sexuality while also highlighting the role of queer suffragists in the movement. The traditional narrative of suffrage history sanitized the private lives and public personas of individual suffragists contributing to the historical erasure of the lives and loves of prominent queer suffragists. Yet, it was through these intimate partnerships that suffragists forged powerful personal alliances, often across national and transnational boundaries that proved essential to propelling the suffrage movement forward. This research considers the stories of several lesser-known queer suffragists who dedicated their lives to furthering the suffrage cause even as they deflected criticism about their personal relationships and/or gender non-conformity.
Research Connections to Current Events
As a result of legislation like California's FAIR Education Act, K-12 educators are presently working on ways of integrating the history of gender and sexuality into their classrooms. This is especially important work since it helps render queer individuals visible in history and allows modern LGBTQ+ students to see themselves in that history. My research will add to a growing body of scholarly work that seeks to expand our understanding of that history and helps educators integrate these stories into their curriculum.
LGBTQ History, Queer History, Women's History, Suffrage History, Childhood History
Last Updated Sep 8, 2021

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Programming with threads has some pitfalls. This post deals with the basic problem with concurrent code execution – race conditions.
Race condition (in our context) – several threads running in parallel and their overall result depends on the scheduling of the threads.
Below is a very small naive code that demonstrates the problem.
We have a global variable i which is incremented by several threads (which run concurrently). The code for incrementing i is i = i + 1 . Multiple threads executing the code below have a race condition. One would think that 100 threads doing such increment 100 times each would result i being 10000 at the end.
The code is in the NGS language but the logic would be the same across many languages that have the same concurrency model: C, Java, etc.
This example would not apply to some languages which guarantee atomic variable increment. There would be no problem there. If we change the computation to something more complex, even in these languages we're back to code similar to the above.
ptimes – "parallel times" function – runs the given code in parallel threads.
N.ptimes(code) – runs N threads executing code.
for(j;N) – loops with values of j from zero to N (not including N). Sugar for for(j=0; j<N; j=j+1).
Code summary: in 100 parallel threads do i = i + 1 100 times in each thread.
The scheduling of the threads is done by the operating system. Since the scheduling is out of our control, the result is unpredictable when a race condition is present.
The output is actually about somewhere between 7900 and 8400 on my system, different each time I run this code, not the 10000 you might expect.
Thread 1 runs all the code (i = i + 1), then thread 2 runs all the code. No problem there. i would be incremented by 2.
Thread 1 runs i + 1 : fetch the value of i and add one to it. Thread 2 also runs i + 1. Thread 1 saves the computed value of i + 1 to i. Then thread 2 does the same. The problem is that the fetched value of i was the same for both threads. Summary: both threads fetched the same value of i , incremented it and stored. Total increment of i is one.
Since scheduling A vs B have different outcomes, it's a race condition, the output is unpredictable and sometimes incorrect. The incorrect code above is purposely such that the output is mostly incorrect.
Add l = Lock() at the beginning of the code.
Replace i = i + 1 with l.acquire(F() i=i+1) .
l.acquire(code) – acquires the lock l, runs the code and releases the lock.
Locks provide a way to make sure that only one thread executes the given section of a code. In our case, using the lock allows only "Scheduling alternative A".
When several threads try to acquire a lock simultaneously, only one will succeed and then enter the code. When this thread finishes executing the given code it releases the lock. After the lock is released, it can be acquired by another thread.
Any locking mechanism must be based on an atomic hardware operation such as Test-and-set or Compare-and-swap. Trying to come up with your implementation of a lock which is based on code only will not work, you will be shifting the race condition from one place to another.
Watch out for race conditions as they are a common problem when using threads. Use locks to avoid race conditions. For best performance the code which is run when holding a lock should be as small as possible.
Slower development because one becomes hesitant to make changes and has to test manually.
More bugs as manual tests are not as good.
Bad code as it will less likely be refactored.
Gradual deployment of new versions.
Monitoring – detect errors/bugs in running software. Goes well with gradual deployment.
Metrics – detect performance issues and errors in running code.
Automated healing / rollback – tricky technique, use it carefully. Example: the system detects that the last deployed version of the application causes increased latency (or error rate) and automatically rolls back to a previous known-good version.
The aim of the correct process is to minimize the number of bugs that reach the production environment and minimize duration and effect of presence of such bugs in production.
You will read articles and blog posts that state that problem P has S as best solution. Your circumstances may seem similar to what other people engage with but in reality they are unique just for your situation. Think twice before deciding that the problem P is exactly the problem you are solving and whether the solution S is applicable and is best for your situation.
Related: see Hypes section below.
Simple: a line of code that does something very small and specific.
Easy: a line of code that does a lot by calling a framework function causing thousands of lines of code to be executed.
The IT industry is very hype-prone. Companies develop products for the industry. The bigger the budget, the more hype will be created around such product in order to sell or cause adoption. Even when the company provides you with a product that is free, the company may very well still profit in some indirect way so there is still a commercial interest. Remember that such hypes have nothing to do with how good the product is and especially how well it fits as a solution to a specific problem at hand. Note that advertisements usually do not include a "not for" section.
Detecting a product hype: it's "cool", it's all over the news sites and blogs, the impression is that everyone uses it already and you are a laggard which does not understand how cool it is.
Detecting a product you might want to use: your friends that use the product tell you it's good or it's the best alternative and/or it matches the criteria you thought of before searching for the product.
Your task will take more time and effort than you estimated.
The resulting code will make the system much more complex and will be a nightmare to maintain.
The feature will rarely or never be used. That is often the case.
Professionals usually avoid doing tasks which are "nice to have" and are not really required. Being a skeptic usually has almost no penalty when you are wrong but can save a lot of time and effort when you are right.
Duplicated code means more maintenance.
Duplicated code may some day be updated in one place and not the other, causing bugs.
You will be looked down upon by senior developers as this is a big no-no.
This rule has rare exceptions, use your judgment. If not sure, don't duplicate.
Do it. When using any existing code whether it's a function, program, utility, library or framework – take the time to read the documentation first. Understand the functionality, limitations, architecture. It is a very good investment of your time. You can learn it the hard way after several times when you discover that the particular code is not what you need. Such mismatch usually needs either a work around or picking another library, function or tool.
Pick one style and stick to it. In cases when a project has few styling conventions for some reason, the local convention wins. Example: all files use tabs except the file that you are editing, which uses spaces. In this case use spaces. Inconsistent code style causes higher maintenance costs and developers' frustration.
Complex and complicated are different things. The system or code might need to be complex when solving a complex problem. Complication is an unnecessary byproduct of bad software architecture, bad design or bad implementation. The more professional the programmer is the simpler and cleaner the produced code gets.
Here are important defaults the can save you many tears. Deviation from these requires justification.
Common data structures and how they are implemented.
Common algorithms and their time and space complexity.
What a CPU does, which opcodes exist for a CPU of your choice.
What a kernel does, and it's main system calls.
Learn at least 3 very different programming languages. I'd suggest C, Lisp and Python. The chances are that you will not find a Lisp job but it surely will make you a better programmer.
How the Internet works: IP, UDP, TCP, Routing, BGP, NAT, DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, load balancing, browser. Pick one of the above and read an RFC that describes it.
Become proficient with your tools if you want to be professional (read: work smarter and faster and be paid more). Imagine that you edit a text for just a few hours a day as part of your job. Invest a few days to learn more editor commands in order to become 10 or 20 percent more productive. This pays off quickly. Continue smart investment of your time by learning bits that will help you the most.
Programming languages are among the tools you will be using. One of the best investments of your time would be a deeper understanding of the language, and it's tools.
Never stop learning! Among other benefits, this should improve your learning skills. This is one of the important skills you need to do your job.
See also: discussion about this post on Hacker News.
That was my opinion. Would you add any other points?


text:
Q: Android: google FCM disable send notification after many hours I use google FCM for send notification
If user not connected to internet and i send notification, after user connected to internet, notification receive to that user device
I want only notification to users if the same moment connected to internet and not send after
My code :
function sendNotification($to,$title,$text,$data=""){
    $fcmMsg = array('body'=>$title,
                    'title'=>$text,
                    'sound'=>"default",
                    'click_action'=>'YOUR_ACTION',
                    'largeIcon'=>'ic_launcher',
                    'smallIcon'=>'ic_launcher');

    $fcmFields = array('to'=>$to,
                       'data'=>$data,
                       'priority'=>'high',
                       'notification'=>$fcmMsg);

    $headers = array('Authorization: key='.API_ACCESS_KEY,
                     'Content-Type: application/json');

    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,'https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send');
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST,true);
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,$headers);
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,true);
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,false);
    curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,json_encode($fcmFields));
    $result = curl_exec($ch);
    curl_close($ch);
    return $result;
}

A: By default, FCM stores the message and try to resend if the device regains connectivity. So, you should add time_to_live parameter in your payload with value of 0. It will tell the FCM server that the message should be sent right away. If the device is not connected to the FCM server or offline, FCM server will discard the message and will not send it anymore.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The prevalence and intensity of SQL injection attacks are increasing, according to Imperva.
The prevalence and intensity of SQL injection attacks are increasing, according to Imperva's Hacker Intelligence Initiative (HII) report.
The report details how attacks are executed and how hackers are innovating SQLi attacks to bypass security controls as well as increase potency.
"SQL injection is probably the most costly vulnerability in the history of software," said Amichai Shulman, chief technology officer at Imperva.
"This exploit is used to great effect by the hacking community since it is the primary way to steal sensitive data from web applications, [yet it] remains one of the least understood," he said.
Well-known breaches, including Sony, Nokia and Heartland Payment Systems, involved the use of SQL injection to break in to the application's back-end database. Hacktivist group LulzSec made SQLi a key part of its arsenal.
According to Privacyrights.org, SQL injection is responsible for 83% of successful hacking-related data breaches since 2005.
Imperva estimates that there are around 115 million SQL injection vulnerabilities in circulation. By monitoring a set of 30 web applications in the past last nine months, Imperva found that SQL injection continues to be a very relevant attack.
Since July, the observed web applications suffered on average 71 SQLi attempts an hour. Specific applications were occasionally under aggressive attacks and, at their peak, were attacked 800-1,300 times an hour.
The study found that attackers are increasingly bypassing simple defences. Hackers are using new SQLi attack variants which allow the evasion of simple signature-based defence mechanisms.
Hackers are using readily available automated hacking tools. While the attack techniques are constantly evolving, carrying out the attack does not necessarily require any particular hacking knowledge. Common attack tools include Sqlmap and Havij.
Attackers typically use compromised machines to disguise their identity as well as increase their attack power via automation. To automate the process of attack, attackers use a distributed network of compromised hosts. These "zombies" are used in an interchangeable manner to defeat black-listing defence mechanisms.
The study revealed that about 41% of all SQLi attacks originated from just 10 hosts, conforming to the pattern of a small number of sources being responsible for a majority of attacks.
To better deal with the problem, Imperva said enterprises should detect SQL injection attack using a combination of application layer knowledge (application profile) and a preconfigured database of attack vector formats. The detection engine must normalise the inspected input to avoid evasion attempts.
It is also important to identify access patterns of automated tools because SQLi attacks are mostly executed using automatic tools. Various mechanisms exist to detect usage of automatic clients, like rate-based policies and enforcement of valid client response to challenges.
Finally, enterprises should create and deploy a black list of hosts that initiated SQLi attacks. This measure increases the ability to quickly identify and block attackers. Because the active period of host initiating SQLi is short, it is important to constantly update the list from various sources.


Tree art greeting card sku#10108.
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text:
Michal Padevět (* 12. února 1951) byl český politik za Občanskou demokratickou stranu, po sametové revoluci československý poslanec Sněmovny národů Federálního shromáždění.

Biografie
Ve volbách roku 1992 byl zvolen za ODS, respektive za koalici ODS-KDS, do české části Sněmovny národů (volební obvod Středočeský kraj). Ve Federálním shromáždění setrval do zániku Československa v prosinci 1992.

V komunálních volbách roku 1998 neúspěšně kandidoval do zastupitelstva městské části Praha 13, nyní již za Unii svobody. Profesně se uvádí jako referent.

V živnostenském rejstříku se uvádí bytem Praha.

Odkazy

Reference

Externí odkazy
  Michal Padevět v parlamentu

Narození v roce 1951
Členové ODS
Členové US-DEU
Českoslovenští politici české národnosti
Poslanci československého Federálního shromáždění
Muži

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No wonder it is the #1 waterless car wash preferred by exotic car enthusiasts and car museums and endorsed by the National Corvette Owners Association!
Applying car wax or a paint sealant regularly will extend the life and beauty of your vehicle's paint finish. Over time, contaminants, acid rain, radiation, UV rays, bird droppings and other substances will damage the paint of an automobile. Waxing provides a renewable and safe way to protect against these damages. It acts like a barrier between the paint and harmful toxins. A great polish may be able to restore a car's damaged paint.
Wash - the first step to getting a car brilliantly shined is to wash away the dirt. Consider using an eco-friendly cleaner that will not damage the paint. One new and innovative way featured in this guide is the waterless car cleaner, another great rejuvenate product line:: Rejuvenate Auto 15 Minute Wash and Wax. It has multifaceted functions as it cleans, restores, polishes and shines all at the same time.
Polish - Rejuvenate Auto 15 Minute Wash and Wax is an all in one system to clean and wax your vehicle.
Wax - Additionally, a micro fiber cloth is needed to absorb dirt while buffing the paint for a shine. These 4 steps are in fact just 1 step and it only takes 15 minutes.
Nothing is more satisfying to vehicle owners than a brilliant, long-lasting shine.