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Home » Glossary » Glossary C
Glossary C
Nos A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P-Q R S T U V W X-Y-Z
CAPI: As part of his Organisation LifeCycle concept, Ichak Adizes (1987) developed the concept of Coalescing the Authority to make decisions and the Power to implement decisions by those who know how to Influence/Integrate.
Don Beck (2000a) has promoted CAPI of the stakeholders as a vital step in structuring any form of MeshWORK.
Capitalism: a form of economic organisation in which the means of production are privately owned and controlled. Making profit from the use of capital is the prime objective. In theory those employed by the Capitalists benefit from the wages they are paid for their labour – though, as labour is often a principal – if not the principal cost – to maximise profit, the Capitalists have to keep wages as low as possible. They also have to sell what is made by the workers for the highest price the market will bear.
Supporters of Capitalism tend to claim that the profit motive has lead to many countries – Western countries especially – enjoying affluent lifestyles. Critics attack its reduction of all relationships to monetary value and its alienation of those who are exploited.
Caregiver Sensitivity Hypothesis: the explanation put forward by Mary Ainsworth, Sylvia Bell & Donelda Stayton (1974) that an infant forms a primary attachment with the person who is most sensitive and responsive to its social releasers.
Case Study: a detailed study of the experiences of an individual, small group, institution, even or a series of events occurring within a given framework (eg: the account of a life-cycle).
While a case study can provide rich detail and insights, the very singular nature of a case study makes it difficult to generalise findings from it. However, case studies can give direction to further large scale research. For example, the tragic case of Henry Molaison (initially 'HM' in the literature, as first reported by William Scoville & Brenda Milner in 1957) stimulated much research into the relationship between memory and the functions of the hippocampus.
Castes: are corporate social units which are ranked and generally defined by descent, marriage and occupation.
Undeveloped forms of caste exist in many parts of the world but caste organisation and ideology are elaborated to such an extent in Hindu societies
CAT Scan: see Brain Scan.
Castration Anxiety: part of Sigmund Freud's (1931) Oedipus Complex, boys aged 3-7 are said to be terrified their father will castrate them if he learns of their sexual desire for their mother.
Catharsis: the process of releasing pent-up psychic energy.
This is an important element in Psychoanalysis therapy where treatment involves making unconscious thoughts conscious This releases the associated emotions, thus enabling the pent-up psychic energy to be released and thus providing relief.
Caudate Nucleus: part of the basil ganglia, it is involved in inhibitory aspects of the voluntary control of movement.
Causal Layered Analysis: this is one of several 'Futures Techniques' used to enquire into the causes of social phenomena and to generate a set of forecasts for the phenomena. It consists of 4 levels of analysis:-
the Litany – the official unquestioned view of reality
worldview/discourse – unconsciously-held ideological, worldview and discursive assumptions
myth/metaphor – the unconscious emotive dimensions of the issue
Causal Schemata: Harold Kelley's (1972) proposition that we determine the causes of behaviour on the basis of a general set of ideas (schemata or schemas) when there is little or no prior information about an individual's or group's behaviour. The concept is an extension of Covariation Theory.
○ Multiple necessary causes – the idea that a group of behaviours are jointly necessary for a particular cause to be attributed. Eg: the character of lateness is attributed to someone who is late regularly.
○ Multiple sufficient causes – the idea that any one of several behaviours is sufficient to trigger an attribution. This applies when you only a single instance of behaviour has occurred.
Cause-and-effect: the claim made in an experimental setting that change in the independent variable caused change in the dependent variable.
CBT: see Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
Centre of Gravity: in Integrated SocioPsychology the term 'centre of gravity' describes the type of thinking and behaviour produced when a vMEME 'locks' into one of the 4 temperamental types derived from the intersection of Hans J Eysenck's (1947) Neuroticism and Extraversion Dimensions of Temperament – ie:-
PURPLE dominating the thinking of a Phlegmatic temperament
RED dominating the thinking of a Choleric temperament
BLUE dominating the thinking of a Melancholic temperament
ORANGE influencing the thinking of a Sanguine temperament – the relationship, when it occurs, between ORANGE and Sanguine, appears to be much weaker than the others
By mapping the temperamental and motivational factors in William Moulton Marston's DISC types (1928), it is possible to see the relationships between vMEMES and Dimensions.
While there is as yet no known scientific research on the relationship between Eysenck's (1976) third dimension of Psychoticism and vMEMES, anecdotal evidence supports the possibility of a RED-Psychoticism lock. It is also feasible a PURPLE-Impulse Control lock could happen,
From DISC, it would appear that the influence of temperament on motivation starts to decrease with the emergence of ORANGE. Clare W Graves' (1978/2005) findings are that fear (associated with Neuroticism) and compulsion (associated with Psychoticism) have no motivational influence with the emergence of YELLOW. Graves' findings with regard to loss of fear with the emergence of YELLOW support Abraham Maslow's earlier assertion (1956) that when people self-actualise, they are not afraid.
Cerebellum:
Cerebral Cortex: the surface layer (approximately 6 mm) of the cerebrum. It is tightly folded – hence the 'wrinkles' (sulci) – and divides into 4 pairs of lobes as depicted in the graphic below.
Graphic copyright © 2008 Society for Neuroscience
The 4 lobes are:-
Frontal – includes the primary and secondary motor cortex involved in the planning and control of movements. The frontal lobes are also associated with the higher thought processes such as abstract reasoning and planning
Parietal – contain the primary somatosensory cortex receiving information from the skin and the muscles about temperature, pain, pressure, etc, via the thalamus
Temporal – primarily involved in auditory processing and also important for the processing of memory information
Occipital – mainly concerned with visual processing
The two halves of the cerebral cortex are joined by the fibres of the corpus callosum.
Cerebrospinal Fluid: lymph-like fluid filling the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord and other areas of the skull and spinal canal not taken up by solid tissue and blood vessels.
It is thought to play a role in tissue nutrition and possibly sleep.
Cerebrum: the term often used interchangeably with forebrain, this is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves (cerebral hemispheres) which are joined by fibres, including the corpus callosum. The cerebral cortex forms the outer layer of the cerebrum. Within the cerebrum are subcortical structures, including the limbic system and the basil ganglia.
Chaos Theory: considers apparently random behaviour within a deterministic system, such as the weather. The unpredictability of a chaotic system is not due to any lack of governing laws but to the outcome being sensitive to minute, unmeasurable variations in the initial conditions.
The oft-quoted example is of the butterfly flapping its wings can make the difference between a storm occurring or not occurring.
Choleric: see Dimensions of Temperament.
Chromosomes: the X-shaped bodies that carry all the genetic information for an organism.
In humans there are 46 pairs of chromosomes (one from the mother, one from the father). The sex chromosomes for females are described as XX while males are designated XY – because the Y male sex chromosome carries relatively little genetic information.
Chunking: first suggested by George Miller (1956), in Cognitive Psychology this is combining individual letters or numbers into larger, meaningful units – as an aid to memory.
See also 7+/-2.
In NLP chunking is applied more generally, as in building bigger ideas from smaller ones – 'chunking up'. ('Chunking down' is breaking bigger ideas down into their component parts.)
Cingulate Gyrus: see Limbic System.
Circle of Excellence: an NLP personal resourcing exercise developed by John Grinder & Judith DeLozier (1987) that enables people to draw upon past successes and anchor (via Classical Conditioning) their critical qualities that were responsible for that success. The conditioning effect gives people rapid access to those qualities for new challenges.
Circles of Concern/Influence: this Stephen Covey (1989) concept owes much to Attribution Theory. A person's Circle of Influence contains all the things they can control to some extent; the Circle of Concern contains those things they can't control. Attributional dispositionalists will tend to focus on their Circle of Influence while situationalists will tend to focus on their Circle of Concern.Covey's argument is that, to become more successful in life, people should become more dispositional and seek to expand their Circle of Influence. However, Julian B Rotter's (1966) contention that attributional tendencies are partly innate means changing attributional styles may not be as simple as Covey indicates.
Class: the hierarchical distinctions that exist between individuals or groups – eg: occupational groups – within a society.
To identify by 'class' is a form of social stratification. The term 'class' is also applied to any particular position within the social stratification hierarchy – eg: middle class, working class. See also: social class.
Class Consciousness: the awareness, amongst members of a social class, of common interests which are based on their own class situation and in opposition to the interests of other classes.
The term is particularly associated with Marxism where the concern is with the processes that foster the development of class consciousness in the Proletariat or the failure of such class consciousness to develop.
Class Struggle: Any political struggle between social classes based on an underlying conflict of interests between those classes.Sociological and political theories which use this concept operate within an adversarial view of classes – ie: typically they view conflicts between classes as inevitable.
Classical Conditioning: when simple innate responses are associated with new and previously unassociated stimuli. Most famously Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1902) got hungry dogs to associate various sounds – eg: bells and buzzers – with the arrival of food, to the point where the dogs would slaver just at the sound. Classical Conditioning has become hugely influential as a means of manipulation in certain areas of society, such as advertising. See also Behaviourism.
Client-Centred Therapy: aka Person-Centred Therapy, this type of Humanistic therapy was pioneered by Carl Rogers (1961). It focuses on the problem as the client sees it. The therapist or counsellor is usually fairly non-directive, preferring to act as a facilitator to what is important to the client and their perceptions of a problematic situation.
The aim is to increase the client's self-esteem through unconditional positive regard from the counsellor or therapist.The underpinning assumption is that the client's maladaptive behaviour or unhappiness results from having been given only conditional love in childhood; consequently the client works from an unhealthily-external locus of control and is constantly striving to meet the conditions (real or imagined) of others to be accepted. This striving blocks the development to Self-Actualisation. The unconditional positive regard of the therapist or counsellor should lead to the client accepting themselves and thus able to develop Self-Actualisation.
From the Integrated SocioPsychology perspective, acceptance being conditional will damage the PURPLE vMEME, thus throwing off the development of the individual's Spiral and undermining the Prime Directive or Actualising Tendency. However, the problems at PURPLE may have all kinds of effects on the way other vMEMES develop and schemas form. Thus, while healing PURPLE will need to be a key element of any therapeutic intervention, on its own Client-Centred Therapy is often not enough and may even be inappropriate – eg: when faced with unhealthy and aggressive RED.
Clinical Depression: the condition of Depression is associated with feelings of inadequacy, despondency, pessimism and sadness and is often accompanied by a decrease in activity and reactivity. Most people suffer very minor and short-lived bouts of 'Depression' from time to time. When the condition is so extreme and intense that it prevents 'adequate functioning' for a minimum period of 2 weeks and is accompanied by physical symptoms such as significant shifts in sleeping and dietary patterns, then the condition is considered a 'clinical disorder'. The condition of Clinical Depression as described is also known as 'Major Depression' or 'Unipolar Disorder'.
Clinical Psychology: the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal behaviour.
Clinical psychologists are professionals who have trained specifically to work with people with abnormal behaviour and varying degrees of mental illness.
Co-Variable: see Variables.
Cognition:
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy ( CBT): a psychotherapeutic approach that aims to influence problematic and dysfunctional emotions, behaviours and cognitions through a goal-oriented, systematic procedure.
CBT can be seen as an umbrella term for therapies that share a theoretical basis in Behaviourist learning theory and Cognitive Psychology and that use methods of change derived from both these approaches.
Cognitive Dissonance:
Cognitive Labelling Theory:
Cognitive Maps:
Cognitive Psychology: the study of internal mental processes to understand behaviour.
It focuses on key psychological areas such as perception and memory. It also has major therapeutic applications in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy.
Cognitive Neuroscience:
Cognitive Primacy:
Cognitive Triad: Although it is more commonly associated with Aaron T Beck et al (1979), the Cognitive Triad was first brought to life by the work of Lyn Abramson, Martin E P Seligman & John Teasdale (1978). A development of Attribution Theory, it posits that people tend to either:-
attribute failure to themselves (dispositional) and success due to sheer luck or the efforts of others (situational); or people attribute success due to their own efforts (dispositional) and blame failure on others (situational) – though some attribute both success and failure either dispositionally or situationally
attribute success or failure with either timeless (never-ending) or timebound (it will end) properties
attribute success or failure as either being global (all encompassing) or specific (one-off) events
L Michael Hall's (1994) Meta-States concept is a natural and complementary fit to the Cognitive Triad in understanding how beliefs and belief structures are formed.
Collective Conscience:
Collectivism: the cultural force that puts welfare of the society, the group, the family, etc, before the well-being of the individual. This requires the individual to sacrifice their wishes and well-being for the greater good of the grouping. Individualism is the opposite where the individual is encouraged to see their own well-being and desires as more important than those of the grouping.
In Integrated SocioPsychology terms, collectivism can be seen as driven by the self-sacrificial cool-coloured vMEMES of the Graves Model while individualism comes from the express-self warm-coloured vMEMES.
Culturally the Western world is often seen as encouraging individualism whilst the non-Western world attempts to cling to collectivism in face of Western cultural imperialism. This is explored is Is Collectivism being overtaken by Individualism?
The concept of collectivism also drives political philosophies like Communism which propose that everything should be owned by the State n the interests of all members of society.
Communism: a political and social ideology in which the State has control of the 'means of production' and a monopoly of political power – all in the name of 'the people'. (Hence 'Dictatorship of the Proletariat'.) There is no such thing as private property and all work together for the good of society.
Derived initially from the work of Karl Marx (Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, 1948; Marx, 1867). the implementation of Communism has required totalitarian control of society. The Russian Empire becoming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922 was the first outright attempt at creating a Communist state. At the end of World War II Soviet forces occupied much of Eastern Europe and turned them into nominally independent satellite Communist states. In the following decade a number of South-East Asian states such as Korea, Vietnam and, most notably, China experienced Communist revolutions, leading to Communists taking complete control, as in China, or the country splitting into a Communist part and a Capitalist part, as in Korea and Vietnam. For multiple reasons, the Communist experiments in Russia and Eastern Europe failed in the second half of the 20th Century and reverted to various degrees of Capitalism. China, especially, and Vietnam have developed quite unique forms of 'authoritarian Capitalism'.
In the way they State controls them North Korea and Cuba – the latter experiencing a Communist revolution 1958-59 – are probably the nearest countries to the concept of Communism remaining in the world- though they both have significant problems. (See also the Blog post Cuba On the Cusp.)
For all its apparent failures in implementation, the ideals of Communism continue to inspire radical leftist political groups
Community Cohesion: the act, fact, feeling, knowing and understanding throughout a community that all its citizens are united, participate in how their community functions and are in broad agreement with each other on the community vision and goals – and the structures and systems to achieve them. It is the togetherness and bonding exhibited by members of a community, the 'glue' that holds a community together.
Comorbidity: the presence of 2 or more disorders in a given individual at the same time.
Concordance Rate: the degree to which a condition occurs in two settings, people or groups of people. Concordance rates from studies of monozygotic twins – from the same egg, having identical genotypes – are considered the most accurate in determining the likely genetic element in the predisposition to develop a wide range of conditions, from cancer to Schizophrenia.
Complexity Theory: addresses the study of complex systems. It includes subjects such as chaos theory, artificial life and algorhythms and draws upon fields such as Mathematics, Engineering, Biology and Philosophy.
Compliance: when, under normative influence, someone conforms to the group norm in order to gain acceptance – or at least avoid rejection – within that group.
Because there may be little or no change in private opinion, people are likely only to comply when there is public pressure.
Concordance Rate:
Concurrent Validity:
Conditional Positive Regard:
Confirmation Bias: a preference for information (incoming memes) that supports, rather than contradicts, our predictions and assumptions (schemas).
Conflict Theories:
Conformity: a form of Social Influence where group pressure (real or imagined) results in a change of behaviour – but not necessarily attitudes.
Morton Deutsch & Harold Gerard (1955) described 2 types of conformity:-
Informational Influence is when someone conforms to a group norm because they believe this is the right thing to do in the circumstances.
According to Herbert Kelman (1958), the desire to be correct produces the process of internalisation.
Normative Influence is when someone conforms to a group norm to win the approval of the group and to avoid disapproval and, potentially, rejection. It is driven by the desire to be liked – or at least to fit in. According to Kelman, the desire to fit in produces the process of compliance.
Kelman identified a third conforming process: identification. This is to meet the expectations inherent in social roles.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: a syndrome in which the adrenal cortices are unable to produce cortisone as normal and release excess adrenal androgens instead. Females affected are born with masculinised genitals; affected males have normal genitalia.
Regulated doses of cortisone can control the effects and allow normal sexual and reproductive functions to develop – though surgical intervention may ben necessary to feminise the genitalia of affected girls.
Congruence: see incongruence.
Conscious Mind: is said to be those things of which we are aware – paying attention to in Cognitive Psychology terms – including self-awareness (thought to be a primary distinguishing feature of the 'higher animals'). The conscious mind can be said to be using what is in short-term memory.
Consumerism:
Contagion:
Content Analysis: a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words, themes, or concepts within some given qualitative data extracted from media such as discourse, movies, books, etc.
Using content analysis, researchers can quantify and analyse the presence, meanings and relationships of such certain words, themes, or concepts. As an example, researchers can evaluate language used within a news article to search for bias or partiality. Researchers can then make inferences about the messages within the texts, the writer(s), the audience, and even the culture and time of surrounding the text.
It is possible to count the frequency of particular behaviours using categories, producing nominal data. Counting is a quantitative activity but choosing the categories is a qualitative activity.
Content Validity: a means of assessing the validity or trueness of a psychological test.
It aims to demonstrate that the content of the test represents the area of interest.
Continuity Hypothesis: based on John Bowlby's (1969) concept of the internal working model, the idea that the quality of the infant's first relationship (usually with mother) will provide a template (healthy or unhealthy) which will continue for all future relationships.
A number of studies into friendships – eg: Peter LaFreniere & Alan Sroufe (1987) and Rowan Myron-Wilson & Peter Smith (1988) – as well as Cindy Hazan & Phil Shaver's famous 'Love Quiz' investigations (1987 and 1993) into adult love styles – have provided strong evidence for the Continuity Hypothesis. However, it is clear that not everyone's template is guaranteed to stay exactly the same. See also the Strange Situation.
Controlled Observation: an observation carried out in carefully-controlled conditions, usually in a laboratory setting.
Conventional:
Corpus Callosum: the bundle of nerve fibres which connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum. The corpus callosum tends to be thicker in most female brains, indicating more connections between the two halves. This is considered to be a key reason for women (in general!) having better organised brains.
Correlation: relationship between 2 co-variables – variables which change together.
The example –left – shows a positive correlation – ie: as one variable has increased, so has the other. Due to other variables potentially influencing the change, it is not possible to assign cause-and-effect.
The strength of the relationship between the 2 co-variables is the correlational coefficient. With a strong correlation, it is possible to predict the scores on the other co-variable. Thus, the stronger the correlation, the more reliable the prediction. A perfect positive correlation has a coefficient of +1. This means that the two sets of scores increase together in exactly the same proportion.
The scatter graph example – lower left – is of a negative correlation. As one co-variable increases, the other decreases by exactly the same proportion. A perfect negative correlation has a coefficient of -1.
Correspondent Inference Theory: a theory of attribution which suggests that we explain the behaviour of others by making observations and inferring a corresponding attitude or disposition.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: a hormone produced by the hypothalamus in response to stress. This stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete its hormones. This leads to operation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis to sustain the flight-or-flight reaction.
Cortisol: a hormone produced in the adrenal glands associated with elevated and elongated levels of physiological arousal, usually due to stress.
Critical Period: a period of time after birth during which the health of an animal's or person's development is dependent on certain experiences.
John Bowlby (1958) initially thought of infant attachment as having a critical period – the only time in which an attachment may form. In this respect he was much influenced by the demonstrations of mother-child imprinting in precocial animals and birds by Konrad Lorenz (1935). Lorenz thought the critical period for imprinting in such species was 12-17 hours from birth – a basic BEIGE survival mechanism essential for creatures that were mobile at or shortly after birth. However, since most human babies can barely sit up at 6 months, clearly the precocial criterion doesn't apply to humans.
By 1969 Bowlby was using the concept of a sensitive period, the optimum period for certain experiences to happen.
Critical Success Value: a value which determines the quality of a relationship with another (person or organisation) – eg: speed of delivery might be a CSV in a customer-supplier relationship.
Critical Values Mass: the concept of critical mass from a Spiral Dynamics perspective – ie: the assertion of a vMEME or vMEME harmonic in a group or societal situation sufficient for that way of thinking to dominate.
Cross-Cultural Studies: research studies that compare different cultures with regard to certain practices – eg: child-rearing practices – or behaviours – eg: aggression.
Different cultures use different methods of socialisation. If, in spite of these differences in socialisation, the same behaviours are found – eg: men are aggressive in most cultures, then that can be taken as evidence of universal and innate behaviours. The study of different cultures often also provides researchers with insight into their own cultural practices.
Cultural Bias:
Cultural Determinism: the concept that behaviour is determined more by culture than innate, biological factors and that the dominant culture of a society or group exerts a determining influence on other aspects of behaviour.
Cultural Hegemony: the concept that a diverse culture can be ruled or dominated by one group or class, that everyday practices and shared beliefs provide the foundation for complex systems of domination.
The analysis of hegemony (or 'rule') was formulated by Antonio Gramsci (1971) to explain why predicted communist revolutions had not occurred where they were most expected – ie: in industrialised Europe. Gramsci argued that the failure of the workers to make anti-capitalist revolution was due to the successful capture of the workers' ideology, self-understanding and organisations by the hegemonic (ruling) culture.
Cultural Imperialism: where one culture dominates and overrides other cultures.
American culture is often accused of cultural imperialism.
Cultural Norm: a social norm specific to or associated with a certain culture or set of cultures.
Cultural Relativism: this approach takes the view that philosophies, ethics and behaviours of groups or individuals must be judged in the context of the culture and the times from which they originate. For example, hearing voices in your head is generally considered abnormal in the modern Western world; yet to not hear 'spirit voices' would be considered unfortunate in many traditional Amerindian tribes, and it is not uncommon to have conversations with your ancestors in parts of Central and Southern Africa.
Culture: the shared understandings – histories, rules, morals, ethics and other ways of thinking – and the common behaviours (including methods of interaction) that bind a group of people and give them a sense of unified identity. We learn the memes of our host culture through its media and interactions with other members of the culture. See also sub-culture.
The notion of having a specific culture is one of the elements necessary to develop imagined communities, according to Benedict Anderson (1981).
Culture-Bound Syndrome: a mental illness that appears to be specific to a particular culture.
Are Culture-Bound Syndromes simply culturally-different manifestations of universal mental illnesses – eg: Depression – or are there mental illnesses which are unique to particular cultures? This is a question which vexes Psychiatry. If the latter point is valid, then it undermines the validity of claims by the authors of classification systems such as DSM that their classifications are universally applicable.
Culture-Specific: characteristics that are unique to a particular society or culture and not shared by others.


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Q: ListView repeating items from second TListItem.Caption I have two StringList that are loaded (from a file) with users and users + password respectivally. I'm comparing these lists to determine what user (of first list) already have a password (in second list) and then insert on ListView who have and also who still not have.
But exists a problem here that from second ListItem.Caption (user) is repeting two times.

How i can solve this?
My files that are loaded on lists are:
users.dat

*

*User01

*User02

*User03

logins.dat

*

*User01|test01

*User01|test01

And this was my last attempt of code:
type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    ListView1: TListView;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  L1, L2, LSplit: TStringList;
  L: TListItem;
  I, J: Integer;
begin
  L1 := TStringList.Create;
  L2 := TStringList.Create;
  LSplit := TStringList.Create;

  L1.LoadFromFile('users.dat');
  L2.LoadFromFile('logins.dat');

  for I := 0 to L1.Count - 1 do
  begin
    for J := 0 to L2.Count - 1 do
    begin
      LSplit.Clear;
      ExtractStrings(['|'], [], PChar(L2[J]), LSplit);
      if L1[I] = LSplit[0] then
      begin
        L := ListView1.Items.Add;
        L.Caption := LSplit[0];
        L.SubItems.Add(LSplit[1]);
        Break;
      end;
      L := ListView1.Items.Add;
      L.Caption := L1[I];
    end;
  end;
  L1.Free;
  L2.Free;
  LSplit.Free;
end;

end.

A: Your inner loop is broken. It is adding items to the ListView even when the 2 StringList items being compared don't match each other.  For each user in the first list, you are adding it to the ListView as many times as there are entries in the second list.
Your code should look more like this instead:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  L1, L2, LSplit: TStringList;
  L: TListItem;
  I, J: Integer;
begin
  L1 := TStringList.Create;
  try
    L2 := TStringList.Create;
    try
      LSplit := TStringList.Create;
      try
        L1.LoadFromFile('users.dat');
        L2.LoadFromFile('logins.dat');

        for I := 0 to L1.Count - 1 do
        begin
          L := ListView1.Items.Add;
          L.Caption := L1[I];
          for J := 0 to L2.Count - 1 do
          begin
            LSplit.Clear;
            ExtractStrings(['|'], [], PChar(L2[J]), LSplit);
            if L1[I] = LSplit[0] then
            begin
              L.SubItems.Add(LSplit[1]);
              Break;
            end;
          end;
        end;
      finally
        LSplit.Free;
      end;
    finally
      L2.Free;
    end;
  finally
    L1.Free;
  end;
end;

That being said, you don't need 3 TStringList objects and 2 loops. 2 TStringList objects and 1 loop will suffice:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  L1, L2: TStringList;
  L: TListItem;
  I: Integer;
begin
  L1 := TStringList.Create;
  try
    L2 := TStringList.Create;
    try
      L1.LoadFromFile('users.dat');
      L2.LoadFromFile('logins.dat');
      L2.NameValueSeparator := '|';

      for I := 0 to L1.Count - 1 do
      begin
        L := ListView1.Items.Add;
        L.Caption := L1[I];
        L.SubItems.Add(L2.Values[L1[I]]);
      end;
    finally
      L2.Free;
    end;
  finally
    L1.Free;
  end;
end;

A: for I := 0 to L1.Count - 1 do
  begin
    found := false;
    L := ListView1.Items.Add;
    for J := 0 to L2.Count - 1 do
    begin
      LSplit.Clear;
      ExtractStrings(['|'], [], PChar(L2[J]), LSplit);
      if L1[I] = LSplit[0] then
      begin
        L.Caption := LSplit[0];
        L.SubItems.Add(LSplit[1]);
        found := true;
        Break;
      end;
    end;
    if not found then
       L.Caption := L1[I];
  end;

Also note that dictionary approach is much faster for large lists

A: The problem with your code is that you are always adding the username from your first list to the result regardles of whether you aready added it from the second list with included password or not.
To avoid this you need to write your code in a way that adding username from first list happen only if it hasn't been added from the second one.
//If password exist in second list add username and password from second list
if L1[I] = LSplit[0] then
begin
  L := ListView1.Items.Add;
  L.Caption := LSplit[0];
  L.SubItems.Add(LSplit[1]);
  Break;
end
//Else add username from first list
else
begin
  L := ListView1.Items.Add;
  L.Caption := L1[I];
end;

Also note that your approqach Will fail in case if your second list contains username that is not present in the first list.
For instance let us check next scenario:
users.dat

*

*User01

*User02

*User03

logins.dat

*

*User01|test01

*User02|test01

*User04|test04

In the above scenario your final result won't include any data from User04 becouse it doesn't exist in your first list.
So I would recomend you to use different approach where you iterate the second list and for each entry search the first list to see if the username exists in it.
If it does you edit that entry on the first list to add the pasword infromation from the second list. And in case if you can't find username on the first list then you add both username and password to it.
This will guarantee you that final result will unclude all usernames from both lists no matter on which they were found.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Hello again, I hope you all had an enjoyable and relaxing weekend, filled with plenty of inspiration for the Cosmic Photo Challenge that I set you on Friday.
The prompt was Street life, which I hope prodded you in the direction of trying out some candid street photography, or at least capturing some creative urban images that evoke the eclectic and vibrant life on the streets of our towns and cities.
I was fortunate, in that Saturday was carnival day in Barnstaple (note for American readers; a "carnival" in England is a parade, with floats, marching bands, costumes etc, sometimes by torchlight in the evening, not just a fairground, although the two generally do go together) and Audrey was intent on taking part in the kids' procession early in the afternoon. So we headed into town in the morning to find a costume for her, eventually finding a very appropriate monkey outfit for her at the very last shop we tried.
Ulterior motive established for pointing a camera in various directions without drawing undue attention, I set out to immortalise some unsuspecting members of the public, along with capturing Audrey's carnival debut, (there's a video of the parade at the end of this post) so any of the following photos which don't feature a monkey are of complete strangers.
A strong wind and he'll be gone.
Comparing costumes with the competition.
Already a bit the worse for wear.
Could you tie me up, darling?
…and you can see her monkeying around at the 50 second mark in this short clip of the parade returning to its starting point.
The start of a new week means the unveiling of a new selection of artistic submissions for K'lee and Dale's Cosmic Photo Challenge and this week we're getting personal.
I picked the theme for Friday's prompt, one which encouraged all you lovely people to expose yourselves in the name of photography; Selfies.
I know from some of the comments on the prompt post that the revealing nature of the challenge didn't appeal to all of you, so I'm looking forward to seeing what creative ways you've come up with, to obscure, obfuscate and obliterate your images in the name of art.
However, since I've never knowingly been shy or retiring, you're getting a bonus dose of me today.
When you've recovered from that, you can see K'lee's photo HERE.
K'LEE'S POST IS HERE – CHECK IT OUT.


text:
Гірська тиме́лія (Illadopsis) — рід горобцеподібних птахів родини Pellorneidae. Представники цього роду мешкають в Африці на південь від Сахари.

Види
Виділяють дев'ять видів:
 Тимелія широкоброва (Illadopsis cleaveri)
 Тимелія сіроголова (Illadopsis albipectus)
 Тимелія рудокрила (Illadopsis rufescens)
 Тимелія білогорла (Illadopsis puveli)
 Тимелія сірощока (Illadopsis rufipennis)
 Illadopsis distans
 Тимелія вохриста (Illadopsis fulvescens)
 Тимелія гірська (Illadopsis pyrrhoptera)
 Баблер дроздовий (Illadopsis turdina)

Етимологія
Наукова назва роду Illadopsis походить від сполучення слів  — дрізд і  — вигляд.

Примітки

Джерела
 Del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2007). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions.

Pellorneidae
Роди птахів

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The race was a great success- with over 130 participants, excellent weather, and lots of activities for the kids including races, the Fun Factory booth, and Tootsie the Clown. There was a lot of great food for everyone thanks to Papa Johns Pizza & Panera Bread.
Held at Jack Roberts Park, the course took runners and walkers around the rolling hills of First Ward neighborhood.
Derek Daniel said, "The course was a pretty good mix, with 2 good hills."
Race host, Parents' Place, has provided a unique parent-run, non-denominational program open to all parents and their preschool children for more than 25 years.
Race director Heidi Wiedebusch happily offered some feedback, "At Parent's Place (PP), we encourage physical activity by having a lot of local speakers come in to tell us of events going on, such as the WV Botanical Garden's amphibian walks, the Fun Factory, Morgantown Aquatics, and Janna Kisner who hosts her interactive music classes for little ones. Although we are not a part of the Fun Factory, many of our members past and present, are involved in its operation."
On this rather hot spring day, Larry Taylor was able to use the hilly course to his advantage and repeat a first place finish. With a time of 17:15.5, Taylor won first overall (as he did in 2007) and earned himself the 2nd place position in the Sprint overall points, the MAGP Series presented by Dynamic Physical Therapy.
The race's top three mirrored the Ambulance Chase 5K, with Brian Pettit and Murshid Latif, both of Morgantown, following Taylor.
Pettit claimed 2nd in 17:28 and Latif 3rd with a time of 17:45. Latif still leads the Sprint points race as the top male with 355 points, just 7 above Larry Taylor.
The women's race was equally interesting. Heather Parks bested her last MAGP 5K time from the Ambulance Chase and shaved 10 seconds off her time.
Parks finished the day as the first female with a time of 19:30, and crossed the line as 8th overall. When asked about the course Heather replied, "It was hard, very hilly... HOT."
Jenn Sober of Mchenry, MD, also ran a faster 5K this week, finishing 2nd for the women with a time of 19:57 and 11th overall.
Neither Parks nor Sober are competing in the MAGP Series this year, which leaves Sue Heaver at the top . . . almost.
In the Sprint points race, 9-year old Kaylyn Harris still leads with overall points, but Heaver is gaining fast. She finished 3rd for the women with a time of 21:27, and 16th overall.
After the race it was time for more outdoor fun.
Several people said they heard about the event from iPlayOutside or the school, or both, plus they came out to enjoy the nice weather.
Many children were asked the question, "Why do you play outside?"
Kevin said he liked running because it made him feel like a cheetah.
Another little boy named every sport he liked... baseball, biking, basketball, football (lol).
A little girl said she liked playing in the sandbox, but her mother said she just liked getting all covered in dirt.
Another little girl said she liked the sun because it made everything grow up big and strong and she wanted to grow up big and strong too.
Special thanks to "B-aria and Chimpy" for the interviews.
Are you interested in Parent's Place?
PP is open for children from birth to 5 years of age. There are set classes for children ages one-five years old that encourage social interaction, offer arts and crafts, and foster early learning experiences. There is no after school program. Our school is only open Mon-Thurs. 9:30-11:30. People bring their children one or two days a week.
Call PP at (304) 291-3646 for more information.
This is the first official "physical" fundraiser type of activity that PP has done. Other fundraisers are a Silent Auction, Buckwheat dinner, and various other small things throughout the year.
They are always part of Kids Day in Morgantown, WV, with more than 60 scheduled events. Look for their booth there on July 19th!


text:
Europe grants Antisense's ATL1102 orphan designation
Antisense Therapeutics (ASX:ANP) says it has received notification that the European Commission has designated ATL1102 as an orphan medicinal product for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
The company said orphan designation was granted by the European Commission based on a positive opinion issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products in November 2020.
This latest news follows the recent granting of both Orphan Drug Designation and Rare Pediatric Disease Designation for ATL1102 in DMD by the US FDA.
Orphan status in the EU brings development and marketing incentives, such as reduced fees on scientific advice and marketing authorisation application, and market exclusivity in Europe for ten years upon regulatory approval with an additional two years of exclusivity for its pediatric use in DMD.
Managing Director and CEO Mark Diamond, ANP said, "We are very pleased the EC has adopted the decision to designate ATL1102 for DMD as an Orphan Drug in the EU. We have now successfully achieved orphan drug designation in Europe and orphan drug and rare pediatric disease designations in the US, the world's major pharmaceutical markets.
"We expect that the incentives that come from such designations including marketing exclusivity periods will be of very significant commercial value should ATL1102 be successful in its progress through development and ultimately achieve marketing approval."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Information & eGovernment Authority (iGA) field work teams continue to carry-out the Labour Force Survey and their exerted efforts to cover during the current year all the targeted samples of 4,500 Bahraini and non-Bahraini households that also comprise the labour camps throughout all governorates in order to achieve the desired objectives reflected in measuring the size of the local and foreign labour forces along with level of production and activities promoting the national economic growth to achieve the goals of the Economic Vision 2030.
Following the announcement of initiating the project, iGA explained that the team which comprises of 27 iGA Statistics employees began their field work during the beginning of this year according to the set plan. The team is composed of supervisors and field researchers along with a call center responsible for arranging field visits of targeted households as well as setting appointments to visit them at their convenience.
The Authority stressed that the field visits are smoothly, directly and remotely monitored by supervisors through laptops equipped with the latest communication means. Field researchers fill the survey's e-Forms which are then sent to supervisors to ensure all requirements are completed for office teams to review, verify, process and audit the data which are then analyzed according to the prepared statistical tables to extract the required data.
The Information & eGovernment Authority values household cooperation with field researchers, understanding its importance and their contribution in making this survey a success with its massive positive outcomes. The Authority urges other targeted samples, citizens and residents, to further cooperate with field researchers to make this national project a success. It also urges them to provide accurate data and information while assuring them the confidentiality of their personal information – without disclosing or utilizing such information for purposes other than statistical means in order to achieve the desired objectives and ensure continuous flow of updated, high-quality data that are in accordance with international standards. Furthermore, enables the wise leadership to set plans as well as economy, social and developmental strategies.
The survey aims at measuring unemployment, employment, participation, economic dependency and wages according to several variations. Moreover, it aims at providing data on training programs for job seekers and identifying their past experiences. The survey is implemented in accordance with international frameworks and standards as well as relevant to the necessary indicators of distributing International Monetary Fund data that cover the requirements of the Sustainable Development Goals indexes. The survey is conducted in line with the Economic Statistical Strategy Plan – approved by the GCC Supreme Council, supervised and implemented by the GCC-STAT Center in collaboration with the national statistic entities. The importance of the survey in collecting accurate, reliable and comprehensive information is to become focal point in preparing Kingdom's development plans as statistical data contribute primarily in the forming objectives, strategies and policies of the economic and social development.


text:
"India lives in its villages" - Mahatma Gandhi
This famous observation made by the Father of the Nation many years ago, still holds true. Villagers comprise the core of Indian society and also represent the real India. And it is for these villagers that we need to make sure we build a system that delivers basic social infrastructure in an effective manner. In order to ensure that the fruits of India's progress are shared by all sections of the society, the government has identified several elements of social and economic infrastructure, critical to the quality of life in rural areas. Well, before we discuss in detail about the services and facilities being planned and provided by the government, it's important to know what constitutes the rural sector in India.
What is rural sector or which place can be defined as rural area?
The "rural sector" means any place as per the "latest census (External website that opens in a new window)" which meets the following criteria,
A population of less than 5,000
Density of population less than 400 per sq km and
more than "25 per cent of the male working population" is engaged in agricultural pursuits.
What the government is doing for the rural sector?
The government has started many programmes aimed at improving the standard of living in villages or rural areas. To build rural infrastructure, the government launched a time-bound business plan for action called Bharat Nirman (External website that opens in a new window) in 2005. Under Bharat Nirman, action is proposed in the areas of Water Supply, Housing, Telecommunication and Information Technology, Roads, Electrification and Irrigation.
This section of the National Portal is exclusively designed to give complete information to the villagers of India, not only about the various services, facilities and opportunities available, but also details of how to benefit from them, including a list of Online Services available. Be it applying for loans, or knowing how to protect crops, or how to find the nearest hospital for health check-up and how to find the nearest school for one's children; information about schemes for the promotion of rural industry; provision of basic infrastructure facilities in rural areas e.g. schools, health facilities, roads, drinking water, electrification; government assistance to individual families and Self Help Groups (SHG) living below poverty line, every small and big detail can be found here. Information of interest has been classified under the following heads:-
Rural Indian Related Information
Housing and Development
Land Reforms
Initiatives by State Governments
e-Governance in Rural Development
Training and Employment
Services, Schemes and Forms
Source: National Portal Content Management Team, Reviewed on: 05-07-2012
Ministry of Rural Development (External website that opens in a new window)
National Institute for Rural Development (External website that opens in a new window)
Results Framework Document Department of Rural Development (File referring to external site opens in a new window)
Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (External website that opens in a new window)
National Rainfed Area Authority (External website that opens in a new window)
Rural Development Sector - Initiatives by States
Global View of Rural Development (External website that opens in a new window)
Very useful Quite useful Unsure Not very useful Not at all useful
Take a moment to tell us how we could improve this page, but please don't leave any personal details like your name or address. This is for comments only and you will not receive a response .
Why are we asking for this information?
we want to hear what you think about the quality and usefulness of our pages.
your comments will help us improve our pages.
telling us what you think will help make sure we give you the very best service.
MIS of Students (Education Deptt)
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text:
var strategy = require('..')

describe('passport-punwave', function () {
  it('should export Strategy constructor', function () {
    expect(strategy.Strategy).to.be.a('function')
  })

  it('should export Strategy constructor as module', function () {
    expect(strategy).to.be.a('function')
    expect(strategy).to.equal(strategy.Strategy)
  })
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Researchers assessing the health of women aged 40-70 have suggested that the amount of exercise they participate in during their teenage years appears to have an impact on their risk of dying from cancer or other causes as adults.
"In women, adolescent exercise participation, regardless of adult exercise, was associated with reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality," says Prof. Nechuta.
The study was conducted by Sarah J. Nechuta, an assistant professor of medicine at Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center in Nashville, TN, and colleagues. Their findings are published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
Participating in exercise as an adolescent was associated with a reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality, regardless of the level of exercise attained by the women assessed in the study as adults, the authors state.
Previous research has indicated that healthy living can have far-reaching health benefits. Medical News Today reported on a study published earlier this year in JAMA Oncology that found men who kept a high level of fitness in their midlife would be less likely to die from certain cancers after the age of 65 than less fit peers.
In particular, the risk of men with high cardiorespiratory fitness were 55% less likely to develop lung cancer and 44% less likely to develop colorectal cancer than men with low cardiorespiratory fitness.
According to Prof. Nechuta, it is vitally important that researchers work toward understanding the long-term impact of modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise during adolescence. Research into this area can have public health implications for disease prevention over the course of life, she explains.
For the study, data were obtained from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS), a population-based prospective study that has followed around 75,000 women in Shanghai, China, since 1996, recording specific causes of death and the incidence of specific cancers in the cohort.
The SWHS is funded by the National Cancer Institute and is led by Dr. Wei Zheng of the Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center.
Participating women are interviewed in person every 2-3 years to collect baseline and follow-up data, including information on adult lifestyle-related factors and mortality outcomes. Information obtained at the beginning of the study included self-reported exercise participation between the ages of 13-19 and blood and urine samples.
The researchers found that, after an average of 12.9 years of follow-up, there had been 5,282 deaths among the participants. Of these, 2,375 were attributed to cancer and 1,620 were due to cardiovascular disease.
Women who had reported participating in exercise as adolescents had lower risks of death from cancer and all causes compared with those who had not exercised.
Those who exercised as adolescents for 1.33 hours a week or less were 16% less likely to have died from cancer and 15% less likely to have died from all causes. Women who had exercised for more than this were 13% less likely to die from all causes.
Participating in team sports as an adolescent resulted in a 14% lowered risk of death from cancer and a 10% lowered risk of death from all causes. When exercise participation continued from adolescence into adulthood, the risk of death from all causes was lowered by 20%.
"It is important to note that adult factors, such as adult exercise, body mass index (BMI) and chronic diseases are potentially influenced by adolescent exercise, and adjusting for adult factors in these types of studies may not always be the best approach, as overadjustment could be a concern."
The study is limited by reliance on self-reported information and a lack of information on occupations and modes of transport used. Despite this, Prof. Nechuta believes their findings help illustrate the value of exercise.
"Our results support the importance of promoting exercise participation in adolescence to reduce mortality in later life and highlight the critical need for the initiation of disease prevention early in life," she concludes.
Earlier this month, MNT reported on another study that suggests the rate of aging can be tracked in early adulthood and not just later in life.
American Association for Cancer Research news release, accessed 29 July 2015.
Additional source: Vanderbilt University, Shanghai Women's Health Study, accessed 29 July 2015.
McIntosh, James. "Exercise in adolescence may reduce adult cancer risk, all-cause mortality for women." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 31 Jul. 2015. Web.


text:
SAMSUNG ANNOUNCES THE REX - SERIES PHONES
Samsung mobile just announced some new feature phones aimed at the developing markets. The phones form it's REX portfolio which offers a touchscreen display with TouchWiz and supports up to 11 Homescreens .
The REX 60 is the cheapest of the lot and has a 2.8-inch QVGA resolution resistive touchscreen, 1.3 megapixel camera, 30MB memory with microSD card slot, dual-SIM support, 1,000mAh battery,
The REX 70 has a 3.0-inch, QVGA resolution display, 2 megapixel camera, 10MB memory with microSD card slot, dual-SIM support and 1,000mAh battery. Other features are similar to REX 60.
The REX 80 has similar features as the REX 70 but a higher resolution 3 megapixel camera, 20MB memory with microSD card slot, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n and 1,000mAh battery.
The REX 90 has a 3.5-inch, HVGA display, 3.2 megapixel camera, 10MB memory with microSD card slot, dual-SIM support, Wi-Fi 802.11b/g/n and 1,000mAh battery.
The Rex series comes with Facebook, Twitter, GTalk apps, Opera Mini browser, 10 full Gameloft games, ChatON, Yahoo Messenger, and more Games, Music & Apps from Samsung App
The REX-60 would cost $79 that's about N13, 000 and the REX-90 would cost about $120 or N19, 000 when it finally becomes available at the retailer shops.
Zibah February 15, 2013 at 4:24 PM
They have officially stolen the Thunder from the Nokia Asha series.
Martin Irechukwu February 15, 2013 at 4:38 PM
True, these phones are going to eventually steal the market from Nokia Asha range, considering how popular the Samsung Galaxy phones and Chat is at the moment.


Recently, I looked at the Evoke 3 from Pure and found it to be a truly excellent DAB radio. The Acoustic Energy Wifi Radio is in many senses a far more remarkable product. Rather than picking up local DAB radio broadcasts, the Wi-Fi Radio tunes in to Internet based radio stations thanks to its built-in Wi-Fi capabilities and its connection to a online radio database hosted by Reciva. It's essentially doing for radio what the first MP3 players did for digital audio- untethering it from the PC.
This has a number of benefits. You no longer have to worry about reception issues, which in the UK are a real problem, especially with DAB. You are also no longer limited by geography as you can listen to any radio station that broadcasts online from anywhere in the world, without having to pay any subscription. The device supports Real, Windows Media and MP3, which pretty much covers every format used for online radio. In addition, as its Internet based it also brings other unique advantages. I doubt there are many DAB radios that will let you browse stations via country, or via genre or listen to content on demand .
The Wifi radio is a first of its kind and is produced by Acoustic Energy, the British Hi-Fi manufacturer. Traditionally, Hi-Fi companies are not normally what you'd associate with cutting edge Internet technology, but the rather excellent set of speakers I tested here, designed for connection to devices such as iPods, phones and PSPs, attests to the fact that Acoustic Energy is a pretty 'with-it' kind of company.
The radio itself is rather cool looking, in a retro kind of way. The slanting fascia above the speaker grille contains a three line LCD display with a blue backlight. It displays an icon if it picks up a Wi-Fi signal and a signal strength indicator.
The radio is fairly easy to set up and if you're able to set up a wireless network, which is required to use this device, you shouldn't have any problems. The two rows of buttons beneath the screen and the dial make it quite easy to navigate the device but you have to press the Shift button to access the stop, skip and play buttons.


text:
About CoNGO
What is CoNGO?
CoNGO Officers and Board Members (2021-2025)
Rules of CoNGO
Presidents of CoNGO
Previous CoNGO Boards
NGO Committees
Establishing NGO Committees
NGO Committees in New York
NGO Committees in Geneva
NGO Committees in Vienna
NGO Committees in Other Regions
Regional Committees
NGO Committee Reports
UN Access and Accreditation
NGO Access to the UN
The UN System
Latest Updates on NGO Access to and at the UN
UN Accreditation
CoNGO Membership
Annual Dues
Modalities to Pay Dues
Presidential Statements
CoNGO Statements
The 27th CoNGO General Assembly
Compendium of Principle
Resolution on the Compendium
Synthesis Report
Resolution on the Civil Society Summit
Resolution Toward CoNGO 75th Anniversary
Minutes of 27th Assembly
Amended CoNGO Rules
Membership Dues Donate EVENTS CALENDAR
DEFINING THE PRESENT SHAPING THE FUTURE
This events calendar is an announcement service by CoNGO to its member organizations, its NGO substantive committees, the wider civil society community, and the UN System. All events included here, including their accuracy, are the sole responsibility of their organizers. Unless explicitly indicated, inclusion of an event in this calendar does not constitute CoNGO endorsement of the event. If you have an event or meeting you want to be considered for announcement here, please email us at infonews@ngocongo.org.
UN Trade Forum 2021: Towards a Green and Inclusive Recovery
14 June 2021 - 15 June 2021
« Promoting Women's Agency in Responding to the Climate Crisis
Barriers, enablers, and solutions for disability inclusive education during the COVID-19 Pandemic »
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a health and economic crisis of tragic proportions for lives and livelihoods everywhere that is jeopardising continued progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Protecting lives while moving forward with implementation for sustainable recovery has become the world's priority.
Reigniting global trade is indispensable for the recovery from this crisis. Trade is a source of income, jobs and opportunities for women and men in developed and developing countries. The crisis has also highlighted the fundamental role of trade in allowing goods and services to move from where they are efficiently produced to where they are needed. The crisis has exposed the fault lines of our development path, notably one that depends on effective participation in just-in-time global supply chains. The crisis has also exacerbated the vulnerability and inequality present in our world.
Yet COVID-19 is not the only crisis we face. A climate and environmental emergency may compromise the progress we have achieved and the development prospects of future generations. Thus, recovery is not enough. It must be green and inclusive, and trade and trade policy play a critical role in this process. The United Nations Trade Forum will serve as a space for dialogue on how trade can be harnessed for a more prosperous, inclusive and sustainable world.
In the context of this year's Forum, UNCTAD will also hold the seventeenth Raúl Prebisch Lecture. This prestigious Lecture is delivered periodically by a prominent thinker or Head of State, and while often tackles trade and development issues, also covers other topical global concerns. This iteration of the Lecture will be given by Nobel Laureate Esther Duflo, Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States of America). Ms Duflo was co-recipient of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019, with Abhijit Banerjee and Michael Kremer, "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty".
Registration should be completed online. Early registration is advised to allow timely approval. To do so, please use the following link: United Nations Trade Forum.
Communications concerning representation should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat, Intergovernmental Support Service, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland; email: meetings@unctad.org.
The forum is open to all member States of UNCTAD. Those wishing to attend the event are requested to provide the UNCTAD secretariat with the credentials of their representatives and the names of their alternative representatives and advisers by Monday, 7 June 2021. Specialized agencies and intergovernmental bodies wishing to participate in the meeting and non-governmental organizations in the general category and those in the special category who wish to participate as observers are requested to inform the UNCTAD secretariat of the names of their representatives by the same date.
A link to the formal virtual meeting will be sent to registered participants, at the email address used for registration, one day in advance of the start of the session. For all other enquiries, please contact: Graham Mott at graham.mott@unctad.org, or Tamar van Straten at tamar.vanstraten@un.org.
________________________________________________________________________________________
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text:
Xavier Leroy
(1968-03-15) March 15, 1968 (age 51)
Paris Diderot University
Doctoral advisor
Gérard Huet
Xavier Leroy (born March 15, 1968) is a French computer scientist and programmer. He is best known for his role as a primary developer of the OCaml system. He is Professor of software science at Collège de France. Before his appointment at Collège de France in 2018, he was senior scientist (directeur de recherche) at the French government research institution INRIA.
Leroy was admitted to the École normale supérieure in Paris in 1987, where he studied mathematics and computer science. From 1989 to 1992 he did his PhD in computer science under the supervision of Gérard Huet.
He is an internationally recognized expert on functional programming languages and compilers. In recent years, he has taken an interest in formal methods, formal proofs and certified compilation. He is the leader of the CompCert project that develops an optimizing compiler for C (programming language), formally verified in Coq.
Leroy was also the original author of LinuxThreads, the most widely used threading package for Linux versions prior to 2.6. Linux 2.6 introduced NPTL, with much more extensive support from the kernel, to replace LinuxThreads.
In 2015 he was named a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery "for contributions to safe, high-performance functional programming languages and compilers, and to compiler verification."[1] He was awarded the 2016 Milner Award by the Royal Society [2]
^ ACM Fellows Named for Computing Innovations that Are Advancing Technology in the Digital Age, Association for Computing Machinery, 2015, retrieved 2015-12-09 .
^ "Royal Society Milner Award". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Xavier Leroy
Xavier Leroy's home page
Xavier Leroy at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Milner Award laureates
Gordon Plotkin (2012)
Serge Abiteboul (2013)
Bernhard Schölkopf (2014)
Thomas Henzinger (2015)
Xavier Leroy (2016)
Andrew Zisserman (2017)
Marta Kwiatkowska (2018)
Eugene Myers (2019)
Cordelia Schmid (2020)
ACM DL: 81100078576
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DBLP: 03/352
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text:
In case you missed it: Behemoth Earring & more
Rymmrael Bhaldraelwyn·
So, let's start off by addressing the Marid in the room. Shadowbringers is right around the corner. I know that as the seconds tick down to the expansion release, it's hard to concentrate on other things like tasks at work, chores around the house, or writing certain website articles… let alone running all over Hydaelyn after side quests and F.A.T.E.S. and the odd achievement. But after more than a decade of playing MMOs, I've come to find that there are two kinds of players on the eve of a new expansion: those who started prepping their character(s) as soon as it was announced and those who have not started to do so with barely a week to go for Early Access. While I still wish those procrastinators the best luck in the world, this article isn't for them. (Get to work, you slackers!) It's directed at those of you who are already all set for launch day. Those of you who prepared so thoroughly that you're left with nothing to do and are actually bored waiting for it. Here's a little something to keep you busy in the meantime.
Step Dance
The Step Dance is a fun little dance that's all about the fancy footwork with next to no upper body movement. While not as stately as some or as flashy as others, you'd be hard pressed to find a dance more appropriate for a night out drinking with your Static, Hunt Train, or circle of RP friends. Since you're pretty much stationary throughout the whole emote loop, it's perfect for hopping up on the nearest table to show off your moves without any awkward air floating. The side quest that unlocks the emote is "Good For What Ales You" from Dodozan in Limsa Lominsa's Lower Decks. It's one of those hidden little gems that help to make FFXIV so special. I know some players just skip all the dialogue and text except the part that tells you where to go and what to do, but me? I like to laugh. So this quest was right up my alley. I won't say any more because I don't want to spoil it for those of you who enjoy the storytelling. Because sometimes (or a lot of times in this particular game) the story is its own reward. Though of course, it's still nice to get cute little dance emotes for your troubles!
Clockwork Twintania
Six years ago she was the hardest boss in the entire game. She's appeared in a total of four titles of the Final Fantasy franchise since her debut in Final Fantasy V way back in 1992 (you know, when dinosaurs roamed the earth). Over the span of the last twenty seven years she has embodied some of the toughest mobs and bosses in the series. And now, with one achievement, you can have a Twintiana of your very own (travel sized, for your convenience!). Clockwork Twintania is chibi-ized version of the one you have to defeat in Turn 5, right down to her cool spinning collar. While only a single achievement, "Challenge Accepted", is required to obtain her, that doesn't tell the whole story. Completing said achievement involves successfully working your way through all twenty four stages of the Verminion Challenge. Verminion is one of the many mini games available at the Gold Saucer. (You would be forgiven for already forgetting about as it's one of the less popular attractions ever released.)
Unlike a lot of the other mini-games, there's no quest to unlock it. Once the Gold Saucer is open to you, all you have to do to participate is get yourself over to the Minion Square. Even though you can now queue for Lord of Verminion via the Duty Finder, the Challenge can only be done by the gaming interfaces in the casino. You need to own at least three minions in order to play the game, but to complete the achievement you are likely to need many, many more. There are several excellent guides out there to walk you through accomplishing the Challenge, so I won't get in to the technical side of things (which would make this article way too long, anyway) but I will leave you with this parting bit of advice: Get yourself a Wind-Up Gentleman. Not only is he incredibly dapper, he'll be one of your biggest assets on your journey to getting your Clockwork Twintania.
The pit crews of world progression: Part 2
Alilolelotte May· September 17, 2018
Behemoth earring
"Behemoth" evokes a certain image in your head. Big. Huge. Ginormous, maybe even? Well what about the smallest behemoth in the game? It's a bit of an oxymoron, I admit, but an awfully cute one. And it's not the Baby Behemoth or even the charmingly outfitted Behemoth Heir. Think even tinier. Tiny and delicate enough to dangle from your person. That's right, my last reward for this month is the adorable accessory, the Behemoth Earring. No, that's not a typo either, it's just one earring; singular. I guess SE felt that two of these little guys would just be too much cute for one player to handle. To get this miniscule giant, all you have to do is complete the F.A.T.E. "We Fought A Dzu". Easier said than done, though; like most of the F.A.T.E.s I cover here, the titular 'Dzu-Teh' is a boss. This of course means that this fight will require at least a full party of players. He spawns in the valley area of Red Rim, just west of Falcon's Nest in Coerthas Western Highlands. Once he spawns, you have thirty minutes to form a group, find him, and beat him with a gold participation level to get your reward. Like all these F.A.T.E. bosses, this level 51 yeti spawns adds and spits AoEs, so stay on your toes and apply the basic full party practices and you should have your teeny purple colossus in no time!
Well, that's all I've got for you this time. When we meet again, there'll be a whole new world of side quests, achievements, and F.A.T.E.s to explore. I can't wait to find and share them with you!
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The natural flora and fauna surrounding the vineyards where we grow our grapes inspires us every day. Through five generations of family winemaking, Glenbrook wines are made to display the varietal expression unique to our micro climate.
Once upon a time a young boy discovered a magic glen deep in California's wine country. A burbling stream ran the length of the glen where fish swam lazily within the cool, crisp water. Birds sang with joy amongst the gnarled branches of old oak trees and the croaking of frogs signaled the onset of a new evening.
Nearby marched rows of grapevines; to the boy they seemed to go on forever and ever. Down one of the rows the boy would often see his father and grandfather tending to the soil and vines. "Are they ready?" the boy would call out to them. "Not yet" they would call back. Each day the boy would ask this question. The answer went from "not yet" to "almost" and then to "any day now".
Eventually, after what seemed a very long time to the boy, the answer became yes and his father and grandfather smiled and beckoned him over to help. The grapes were harvested and taken away to a big building filled with barrels and each day his father and grandfather went into that building.
One day, after many months had passed they came out of the building with a bottle. The whole family gathered for a picnic in the glen and from the bottle his grandfather poured a beautiful deep red liquid into glasses for the adults. The boy's father let him smell the liquid and told him that this came from the grapes he helped harvest. "How did you do that papa?" the boy asked. "It is a special magic I learned from your grandfather" the father replied. The boy decided that one day when he grew up he too would learn this magic from his grandfather................ And he did.
We invite you to enjoy some of that magic!
Now you can buy your favorite Glenbrook wines online. Taste a little California magic in a bottle.
Our Glenbrook Cabernet Sauvignon is a medium-bodied wine with a hint of oak that is smooth, fruity and ready to drink.
Our Glenbrook Merlot is a medium-bodied wine carries a cedary vanilla overlay to the ripe currant and plum flavors.
Our Glenbrook Chardonnay is a lighter-style Chardonnay with fresh, clean fruit flavors and a smooth finish.
Our Glenbrook Zinfandel Rosé's flavor of fresh berries reveals just a touch of apples and citrus.
Through our blog we will share updates on the Glenbrook brand, wine news, and anything else in which we think you might share an interest.
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Vsee Clinic
Vsee Enterprise
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How one mental health provider is using its own telehealth spinoff to boost virtual care
by bsiwicki | Oct 5, 2020 | Telehealth | 0 comments
Harbor is a nonprofit mental health and substance use disorder treatment provider based in Toledo, Ohio, that has been addressing community needs for more than 100 years.
It serves more than 23,000 individuals annually.
Lighthouse Telehealth is a subsidiary of Harbor, formed in 2018 to meet the growing demand for telehealth. It also includes all IT, revenue cycle management and employee assistance program contracts.
Access to psychiatric care has been a challenge across the country. The National Alliance on Mental Illness statistics show that: One in five individuals faces a mental health or substance use issue; one in 20 adults lives with a serious mental illness; suicide is the third leading cause of death in youth ages 10-24, and the tenth leading cause of death for adults; and the average delay between the onset of mental health symptoms and intervention is eight to 10 years.
Clearly, psychiatric care is a much needed service, and access to this care is an issue.
"A lack of timely access to psychiatric care can lead to increased use of emergency departments, inpatient admissions, increased costs in treating patients, and poor outcomes for individuals, families and communities," said Sandy Hall, president of Lighthouse Telehealth. "In addition, there are a limited number of available psychiatrists to treat these conditions."
According to the National Council Medical Director Institute, the pool of board certified psychiatrists is decreasing due to an aging psychiatric population (59% of practicing psychiatrists are 55 or older), the small percentage of medical school graduates who are selecting psychiatric residency programs, and the decreasing percentage of psychiatrists working in the public sector and traditional payer models.
"Rather than just a telephonic intervention, the clinician was able to visibly assess the patient using our Vidyo telehealth platform and could see that the patient had relapsed and was at serious risk of overdose."
Sandy Hall, Lighthouse Telehealth
"In addition to the challenges realized above, Harbor patients were experiencing significant wait times for psychiatric appointments," Hall said. "Leaders at Harbor acknowledged these challenges and built a plan to improve access to psychiatric care for patients. The plan included an expansion of the current provider base and the implementation of a telehealth platform that would allow access to psychiatric care from anywhere in the country."
The IT vendors that Harbor used to provide telehealth services include IDSolutions, which provided a HIPAA-compliant video platform (Vidyo), and Streamline Healthcare Solutions, which provided Harbor's web-based electronic health record, SmartCare.
Lighthouse worked with IDSolutions on a cost-effective and easy-to-implement telehealth videoconferencing system that the telehealth providers could use to increase access to care for patients, Hall said.
Lighthouse leveraged internal strengths and resources to build a team of certified, national telehealth providers and joined them with existing multidisciplinary professionals at Harbor to provide timely care to patients in need, either in person or via the new telehealth platform.
"The vision was clear: Provide timely and quality patient care with Harbor team members and ensure continued use of a single electronic health record for our patients," Hall explained.
"This meant the team would review and plan for changes in patient registration, scheduling, facilities and expanded utilization of SmartCare functionality. This included setting up and implementing the use of electronic prescribing of controlled substances in SmartCare for our prescribers."
Harbor established a diverse, interdepartmental logistics team. This included human resources, credentialing, billing, medical, support and scheduling staff, and clinical, nursing, IT, and quality team representation. The team meets regularly to evaluate progress, identify challenges, review regulatory changes, analyze data and implement new systems. It is a culture of continual quality improvement.
There are many vendors of telemedicine technology and services on the health IT market today. Healthcare IT News recently compiled a comprehensive list of these vendors with detailed descriptions. To read this special report.
Harbor created "Tele Patient Rooms" at multiple office locations. It installed the Vidyo equipment, camera, speaker and wall-mounted screen for telehealth sessions. Telehealth providers had Vidyo installed on their computers and were also provided with cameras and speakers to enhance the video and communication quality. Providers were able to control the camera in the "Tele Patient Room" so they could closely observe and evaluate the patient throughout the session.
"The rooms were furnished in a different manner than the traditional outpatient clinic rooms, paying close attention to lighting, safety, comfort and privacy," Hall explained. "As we progressed, we also worked to establish a standard 'Tele Patient Room' look and feel across the various sites. We designated each of these rooms as a 'resource' in the EHR that was directly linked to the scheduled service. This prevented double-booking of the 'Tele Patient Rooms.'"
Using the EHR and internal resources, Lighthouse developed telehealth-specific consent forms and unique telehealth procedure codes and programs, indicated which insurance plans covered telehealth using custom fields in the application, and used staff specialties to clearly identify telehealth providers. With these various configurations in place, the organization was able to fully use the appointment search functionality when scheduling new and existing patients.
Custom fields also were added to service notes so that telehealth providers could indicate a distance from patients where required and specify the telehealth delivery type.
"Harbor worked with Streamline Healthcare Solutions to develop an improved patient arrival notification within the EHR," Hall said. "This allowed us to set up specific medical assistant/nursing staff alerts based on specific provider appointments. Notifications could be configured by day, by site and/or by specific provider. With this in place, our telehealth provider as well as our onsite staff were alerted when the patient had checked in for their service."
Lighthouse developed client-level alerts and flags in the EHR to ensure staff were aware of insurance plans covering telehealth or not covering it in order to monitor completion of telehealth consent forms, track patients who had been offered but declined telehealth services, and identify those patients who were receiving telehealth services remotely.
"Emergency planning also was part of our quality improvement process," Hall said. "We provided remote practitioners with backup equipment and established fluid communication protocols.
Harbor has since expanded its use of telehealth and established successful partnerships with major hospital systems, emergency departments and other behavioral health agencies. We work together to offer convenient, high-quality telehealth services for a growing number of communities."
As part of the organization's telehealth journey, Harbor has been able to design, improve and implement efficient and effective telehealth workflows and systems for a variety of patients, she added.
Harbor initially increased the number of practicing telehealth providers from one to 50. Since COVID-19 hit, this number has increased to more than 300 licensed telehealth providers.
"Harbor worked diligently to build a team of quality providers, invested resources in the organizational infrastructure, and conducted business process analysis to improve workflows needed to support our telehealth practitioners," Hall said. "Our objective was to create a patient-friendly experience."
On the access to care front, the psychiatric care shortage in America is staggering. Before Harbor began to provide telehealth services, the average wait time for a psychiatric evaluation was 120 days for adults and 90 days for children. Harbor now is able to provide a psychiatric evaluation within seven days of a request and routinely offers same-day appointments.
"One insurance company tracked 138 of its members who received telepsychiatry services from Harbor in 2017 and found a trend indicating reduced utilization of emergency department visits, from 266 visits to 228 visits; decreased psychiatric inpatient stays, from 115 to 60; and an overall average decrease in cost per member of $2,555," Hall added.
USING FCC AWARD FUNDS
Earlier this year, Harbor was awarded $328,126 for laptop computers, tablets, a patient wellness application license, mobile data plans, video telehealth licenses and other telehealth equipment to continue treatments during the COVID-19 crisis by using telehealth to perform comprehensive mental health and substance use assessment and treatment for all patients, including psychiatric evaluations and pharmacological management, psychological testing and evaluations, and primary care services.
When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March, Harbor quickly reviewed its inventory, surveyed staff, and evaluated technology and resource needs to support a remote workforce. Having close to eight years of telehealth experience with a small group of clinical staff, Harbor immediately expanded the scope of its HIPAA-compliant telehealth service-delivery model and equipped staff to work remotely in order to provide telehealth services to all patients.
"Flexibility in insurance rules and other regulations allowed us to expand our use of telehealth across various locations. Patients could now be at home for treatment sessions while staff could be remote – and across service lines. Some treatment-type billing codes were not previously permitted via telehealth," Hall said.
"Our message to staff was clear: While telephonic and asynchronous methods were now being permitted under some emergency rules, we expected our clinical staff to use the HIPAA-compliant platform we had been using whenever possible. And if not possible, we needed to know why."
And that is how Harbor identified an immediate need for its patients. Many of them did not have a device or connectivity available to participate in a secure synchronous video telehealth-treatment session.
"We worked with Sprint/T-Mobile and ordered 4,000 data-enabled tablets for our patients," she explained. "We had the tablets imaged and configured in kiosk mode. This included having the Vidyo app installed for the telehealth session and ready to go on the tablet, Outlook and Gmail apps so patients could access e-mail, a Chrome browser, and Harbor's myStrength patient-wellness app. The distinct setup limited patients from being able to download other apps or programs on the device, but allowed them to fully engage in telehealth treatment sessions."
The myStrength app provides an additional level of support for the patients between treatment sessions and is used as a supplement to regular mental health and substance use treatment. The app offers an individualized experience for patients at no cost to them with a variety of interactive applications focused on the mind, body and spirit.
"It includes evidence-based self-help resources for emotional health and overall wellbeing, and web and mobile tools to support goals," Hall said.
"Our myStrength app also has built-in links to contact Harbor and other emergency resources as needed. Since launching myStrength, we have had more than 700 individuals create user accounts. Our most recent report also indicates that Harbor users are logging in more than other organization averages in the first 30 days of use, as well as a higher average of total logins for returning users."
Harbor's patient population is very vulnerable during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the individuals have struggled with the stay-at-home orders, resulting in exacerbated symptoms. Treatment continuity, ongoing assessment of current mental status, risk to self or others, medication monitoring, pharmacological efficacy, and risk of relapse have been very important.
Many of these patients have a serious and persistent mental illness and require frequent services and close medication monitoring. Providing these services via telehealth has helped to ensure the social distancing of staff and patients.
"In just five months, Harbor has provided telehealth services to 15,259 individuals representing 95,694 distinct telehealth services," Hall reported.
"Comparing that same date range to 2019, pre-COVID-19 and prior to the full expansion of our telehealth services, Harbor provided telehealth services to 4,184 individuals representing 14,397 distinct telehealth services. That represents an increase of more than 264% in individuals receiving telehealth treatment and a 564% increase in distinct telehealth services provided."
Continued delivery and expansion of telehealth services was critical for patients. One example of the need for synchronous, video-based telehealth services was in Harbor's intensive outpatient program, designed for patients with substance use disorders where treatment group sessions are conducted multiple times per week.
"During one group session, a patient who was issued one of the data-enabled tablets purchased through this grant was using the Vidyo app to participate," said Hall.
"Rather than just a telephonic intervention, the clinician was able to visibly assess the patient using our Vidyo telehealth platform and could see that the patient had relapsed and was at serious risk of overdose. Our clinician acted quickly and enlisted the help of another team member to contact 911 for paramedic evaluation of the patient."
The clinician maintained visual observation and communication with the patient until the paramedics arrived. She also was able to redirect group members to another Vidyo telehealth session so they could continue to receive the support needed while she remained engaged with this patient until the situation was resolved.
Source: How one mental health provider is using its own telehealth spinoff to boost virtual care
Jose Bolanos MD on States Target Underserved Populations With New COVID-19 Telehealth Resources
Gary Flashner on States Target Underserved Populations With New COVID-19 Telehealth Resources
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