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At the height of the First World War, two young British soldiers, Schofield (Captain Fantastic's George MacKay) and Blake (Game of Thrones' Dean-Charles Chapman) are given a seemingly impossible mission. In a race against time, they must cross enemy territory and deliver a message that will stop a deadly attack on hundreds of soldiers - Blake's own brother among them.
Release date: 10 Jan 2020
The Bad Boys Mike Lowrey (Will Smith) and Marcus Burnett (Martin Lawrence) are back together for one last ride in the highly anticipated Bad Boys for Life.
Writer-director Greta Gerwig (Lady Bird) has crafted a Little Women that draws on both the classic novel and the writings of Louisa May Alcott, and unfolds as the author's alter ego, Jo March, reflects back and forth on her fictional life. In Gerwig's take, the beloved story of the March sisters - four young women each determined to live life on her own terms -- is both timeless and timely. Portraying Jo, Meg, Amy, and Beth March, the film stars Saoirse Ronan, Emma Watson, Florence Pugh, Eliza Scanlen, with Timothée Chalamet as their neighbor Laurie, Laura Dern as Marmee, and Meryl Streep as Aunt March.
Release date: 26 Dec 2019
THE GENTLEMEN follows American expat Mickey Pearson who built a highly profitable marijuana empire in London. When word gets out that he's looking to cash out of the business forever it triggers plots, schemes, bribery and blackmail in an attempt to steal his domain out from under him.
1st Jan 2020
In Jumanji: The Next Level, the gang is back but the game has changed. As they return to Jumanji to rescue one of their own, they discover that nothing is as they expect. The players will have to brave parts unknown and unexplored, from the arid deserts to the snowy mountains, in order to escape the world's most dangerous game.
No one's ever really gone... Rey's journey continues and the Skywalker saga concludes in Star Wars.
Writer director Taika Waititi (THOR: RAGNAROK, HUNT FOR THE WILDERPEOPLE), brings his signature style of humor and pathos to his latest film, JOJO RABBIT, a World War II satire that follows a lonely German boy (Roman Griffin Davis), whose world view is turned upside down when he discovers his single mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding a young girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in her attic. Aided only by his idiotic imaginary friend, Adolf Hitler (Taika Waititi), Jojo must confront his naive patriotism.
3rd Jan 2020
A powerful and thought-provoking true story, "Just Mercy" follows young lawyer Bryan Stevenson (Jordan) and his history-making battle for justice. After graduating from Harvard, Bryan might have had his pick of lucrative jobs. Instead, he heads to Alabama to defend those wrongly condemned, with the support of local advocate Eva Ansley (Larson). One of his first, and most incendiary, cases is that of Walter McMillian (Foxx), who, in 1987, was sentenced to die for the notorious murder of an 18-year-old girl, despite a preponderance of evidence proving his innocence and the fact that the only testimony against him came from a criminal with a motive to lie. In the years that follow, Bryan becomes embroiled in a labyrinth of legal and political maneuverings and overt and unabashed racism as he fights for Walter, and others like him, with the odds and the system stacked against them.
Super spy Lance Sterling (Will Smith) and scientist Walter Beckett (Tom Holland) are almost exact opposites. Lance is smooth, suave and debonair. Walter is - not. But when events take an unexpected turn, this unlikely duo are forced to team up for the ultimate mission that will require an almost impossible disguise - transforming Lance into the brave, fierce, majestic... pigeon. Walter and Lance suddenly have to work as a team, or the whole world is in peril.
Why was Elsa born with magical powers? The answer is calling her and threatening her kingdom. Together with Anna, Kristoff, Olaf and Sven, she'll set out on a dangerous but remarkable journey. In Frozen, Elsa feared her powers were too much for the world. In Frozen 2, she must hope they are enough.
Release date: 22 Nov 2019
Oscar®-winning director Tom Hooper transforms Andrew Lloyd Webber's record-shattering stage musical into a breakthrough cinematic event. Featuring Lloyd Webber's iconic music and a world-class cast of dancers under the guidance of Tony-winning choreographer Andy Blankenbuehler (Hamilton, In the Heights), the film reimagines the musical for a new generation with spectacular production design, state-of-the-art technology, and dance styles ranging from classical ballet to contemporary, hip-hop to jazz, street dance to tap.
When renowned crime novelist Harlan Thrombey (Christopher Plummer) is found dead at his estate just after his 85th birthday, the inquisitive and debonair Detective Benoit Blanc (Daniel Craig) is mysteriously enlisted to investigate. From Harlan's dysfunctional family to his devoted staff, Blanc sifts through a web of red herrings and self-serving lies to uncover the truth behind Harlan's untimely death.
When straight-laced fire superintendent Jake Carson (John Cena) and his elite team of expert firefighters (Keegan-Michael Key, John Leguizamo and Tyler Mane) come to the rescue of three siblings (Brianna Hildebrand, Christian Convery and Finley Rose Slater) in the path of an encroaching wildfire, they quickly realize that no amount of training could prepare them for their most challenging job yet - babysitters. Unable to locate the children's parents, the firefighters have their lives, jobs and even their fire depot turned upside down and quickly learn that kids - much like fires -are wild and unpredictable.
GKIDS proudly presents the highly-anticipated new film from director Makoto Shinkai and the creative team, including producer Genki Kawamura, behind the critically-acclaimed, global smash hit Your Name. The summer of his high school freshman year, Hodaka runs away from his remote island home to Tokyo, and quickly finds himself pushed to his financial and personal limits. The weather is unusually gloomy and rainy every day, as if to suggest his future. He lives his days in isolation, but finally finds work as a writer for a mysterious occult magazine. Then one day, Hodaka meets Hina on a busy street corner. This bright and strong-willed girl possesses a strange and wonderful ability: the power to stop the rain and clear the sky...
Set against the vibrant backdrop of South Florida, Waves traces the epic journey of a suburban African-American family - led by a well-intentioned, but domineering father - as they navigate love, forgiveness, and coming together in the aftermath of a loss.
Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is a fantasy adventure that picks up several years after "Maleficent," in which audiences learned of the events that hardened the heart of Disney's most notorious villain and drove her to curse a baby Princess Aurora. The film continues to explore the complex relationship between the horned fairy and the soon to be Queen as they form new alliances and face new adversaries in their struggle to protect the moors and the magical creatures that reside within.
Release date: 18 Oct 2019
"Joker" centers around the iconic arch-nemesis and is an original, standalone story not seen before on the big screen. The exploration of Arthur Fleck (Joaquin Phoenix), a man disregarded by society, is not only a gritty character study, but also a broader cautionary tale.
A Hidden Life stars August Diehl as Austrian Franz Jägerstätter, a devoted husband and father who refuses to fight for the Nazis in World War II, even as the possibility of execution threatens to tear him apart from his family.
Get ready to snap your fingers! The first family of Halloween, the Addams Family, is back on the big screen in the first animated comedy about the kookiest family on the block. Funny, outlandish, and completely iconic, the Addams Family redefines what it means to be a good neighbor.
From acclaimed filmmakers Josh and Benny Safdie comes an electrifying crime thriller about Howard Ratner (Adam Sandler), a charismatic New York City jeweler always on the lookout for the next big score. When he makes a series of high-stakes bets that could lead to the windfall of a lifetime, Howard must perform a precarious high-wire act, balancing business, family, and encroaching adversaries on all sides, in his relentless pursuit of the ultimate win.
Winter 1968 and showbiz legend Judy Garland arrives in Swinging London to perform a five-week sold-out run at The Talk of the Town. It is 30 years since she shot to global stardom in The Wizard of Oz, but if her voice has weakened, its dramatic intensity has only grown. As she prepares for the show, battles with management, charms musicians and reminisces with friends and adoring fans, her wit and warmth shine through. Even her dreams of love seem undimmed as she embarks on a whirlwind romance with Mickey Deans, her soon-to-be fifth husband. Featuring some of her best-known songs, the film celebrates the voice, the capacity for love, and the sheer pizzazz of "the world's greatest entertainer."
Good Newwz (Hindi)
Varun and Deepti Batra are an urban, working couple from Mumbai, who`ve now met with the realization that they need to have a kid before it`s too late. Little do they know that on this reproductive journey, their fates would get tied with another couple - Honey and Monika Batra. Loud, garish landowners from Chandigarh, this couple is a complete contrast to Varun and Deepti. Their clash leads to hilarious, often ridiculous situations.How they overcome their hatred for each other and learn to take this journey together forms the crux of this `dramedy` about love and acceptance, called Good Newwz!
Malti (Deepika Padukone) was attacked with acid on a street in New Delhi, in 2005. Through her story, the film makes an attempt to understand the on-ground consequences of surviving an acid attack in India, the medico-legal-social state of affairs that transpires after the acid has been hurled and the face is irreparably burnt.
MIDWAY centers on the Battle of Midway, a clash between the American fleet and the Imperial Japanese Navy which marked a pivotal turning point in the Pacific Theater during WWII.The film, based on the real-life events of this heroic feat, tells the story of the leaders and soldiers who used their instincts, fortitude and bravery to overcome the odds.
Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior (Hindi)
Tanhaji Malusare was an unsung Maratha warrior from the 17th century Maratha Empire, whose acts of valor and bravery continued to inspire soldiers long after his death in battle. He was endowed with a body of steel, courage of a lion with an agile mind and Chattrapati Shivaji's closest aide and trusted lieutenant. Ready to lay down his life for his King and country, this Braveheart went to war, armed with a few Maratha soldiers to get back the Kondana Fort, against the Mughal army headed by Udaybhan. Mughal's had the muscle power, but Tanhaji had sharp acumen. Unfortunately, Marathas won Kondhana Fort, but lost their Lion. Tanhaji left behind a void that none in history could ever fill.'Tanhaji: The Unsung Warrior' is a visual extravaganza that depicts the life and times of this unsung warrior, whose valor still makes the Nation proud.
Career con artist Roy Courtnay can hardly believe his luck when he meets well-to-do widow Betty McLeish online. As Betty opens her home and life to him, Roy is surprised to find himself caring about her, turning what should be a cut-and-dry swindle into the most treacherous tightrope walk of his life.
Darbar (Tamil)
Superstar Rajinikanth plays the role of a cop who must solve the case of a group of murders.
The movie story revolves around a martial arts form that was present even before Kalari and one that was practiced during the Cholargal period.
Kate (Clarke) harumphs around London, a bundle of bad decisions accompanied by the jangle of bells on her shoes, another irritating consequence from her job as an elf in a year-round Christmas shop. Tom (Golding) seems too good to be true when he walks into her life and starts to see through so many of Kate's barriers. As London transforms into the most wonderful time of the year, nothing should work for these two. But sometimes, you gotta let the snow fall where it may, you gotta listen to your heart . . . and you gotta have faith.
The Royal Ballet: The Winter's Tale
The story follows the destruction of a marriage through consuming jealousy, the abandonment of a child and a seemingly hopeless love. Yet, through remorse and regret - and after a seemingly miraculous return to life - the ending is one of forgiveness and reconciliation. With powerful designs by Bob Crowley and atmospheric music by Joby Talbot, The Winter's Tale is a masterful modern narrative ballet.
Release date: 23 Feb 2018
23rd Feb 2018
Woody has always been confident about his place in the world and that his priority is taking care of his kid, whether that's Andy or Bonnie. But when Bonnie adds a reluctant new toy called "Forky" to her room, a road trip adventure alongside old and new friends will show Woody how big the world can be for a toy.
Release date: 21 Jun 2019
Joan and Tom (Academy Award® nominee Lesley Manville and Liam Neeson) have been married for many years. An everyday couple with a remarkable love, there is an ease to their relationship which only comes from spending a lifetime together. When Joan is diagnosed with breast cancer, the course of her treatment shines a light on their enduring devotion, as they must find the humor and grace to survive a year of adversity.
Downton Abbey follows the lives of the Crawley family and the servants who worked for them at the turn of the 20th century in an Edwardian English country house.
Release date: 13 Sep 2019
2 hrs 1 min
Academy Award-winners Matt Damon and Christian Bale star in this movie based on the remarkable true story of the visionary American car designer Carroll Shelby (Damon) and the fearless British-born driver Ken Miles (Bale), who together battled corporate interference, the laws of physics, and their own personal demons to build a revolutionary race car for Ford Motor Company and take on the dominating race cars of Enzo Ferrari at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France in 1966.
National Theatre Live: Present Laughter
Matthew Warchus directs Andrew Scott (BBC's Sherlock, Fleabag) in Noël Coward's provocative comedy Present Laughter. As he prepares to embark on an overseas tour, star actor Garry Essendine's colourful life is in danger of spiralling out of control. Engulfed by an escalating identity crisis as his many and various relationships compete for his attention, Garry's few remaining days at home are a chaotic whirlwind of love, sex, panic and soul-searching.
Robert De Niro, Al Pacino and Joe Pesci star in Martin Scorsese's THE IRISHMAN, an epic saga of organized crime in post-war America told through the eyes of World War II veteran Frank Sheeran, a hustler and hitman who worked alongside some of the most notorious figures of the 20th century. Spanning decades, the film chronicles one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in American history, the disappearance of legendary union boss Jimmy Hoffa, and offers a monumental journey through the hidden corridors of organized crime: its inner workings, rivalries and connections to mainstream politics.
Modern-day Cornish fisherman Martin (Edward Rowe) is struggling to buy a boat while coping with family rivalry and the influx of London money, Airbnb and stag parties to his harbour village. The summer season brings simmering tensions between the locals and newcomers to boiling point, with tragic consequences.
She risked everything to stop an unjust war. Her government called her a traitor. Based on world-shaking true events, Official Secrets tells the gripping story of Katharine Gun (Keira Knightley), a British intelligence specialist whose job involves routine handling of classified information. One day in 2003, in the lead up to the Iraq War, Gun receives a memo from the NSA with a shocking directive: the United States is enlisting Britain's help in collecting compromising information on United Nations Security Council members in order to blackmail them into voting in favor of an invasion of Iraq. Unable to stand by and watch the world be rushed into an illegal war, Gun makes the gut-wrenching decision to defy her government and leak the memo to the press. So begins an explosive chain of events that will ignite an international firestorm, expose a vast political conspiracy, and put Gun and her family directly in harm's way.
Shaun the Sheep Movie: Farmageddon
Strange lights over the quiet town of Mossingham herald the arrival of a mystery visitor from far across the galaxy. When the intergalactic visitor an impish and adorable alien called LU-LA crash-lands near Mossy Bottom Farm, Shaun soon sees an opportunity for alien-powered fun and adventure and sets off on a mission to shepherd LU-LA home. Her magical alien powers, irrepressible mischief and galactic sized burps soon have the flock enchanted. Shaun takes his new extra-terrestrial friend on the road to Mossingham Forest to find her lost spaceship, unaware that a sinister alien-hunting agency is on their trail.
42nd Street - The Musical
One of Broadway's most classic and beloved tales, 42nd Street, comes to the big screen in the largest ever production of the show. The musical tells the story of Peggy Sawyer, a talented young performer with stars in her eyes who gets her big break on Broadway - May 1 only. Full Synopsis (1,000 characters): One of Broadway's most classic and beloved tales, 42nd Street, comes to the big screen in the largest ever production of the show. The musical tells the story of Peggy Sawyer, a talented young performer with stars in her eyes who gets her big break on Broadway - May 1 only.Peggy arrives to New York City from her hometown of Allentown, Pennsylvania and her talent catches the eye of legendary Broadway director Julian Marsh. She gets a spot in the chorus of Pretty Lady. Dorothy Brock, the classic Broadway diva and star of the show, takes a dislike to the new girl. When Dorothy is injured, Pretty Lady looks like it will have to close, unless a new girl talented enough to lead the show can be found - someone like Peggy Sawyer!
© Movieglu Ltd 2020


Here is Prepare for eating, as shrimp crossword clue answer which was seen today at New York Times June 13 2018. This crossword clue has been featured on many different crossword puzzles. Since you have landed here then most probably you are looking for Prepare for eating, as shrimp answer. Look no further because our site contains more than 2.5 million crossword clues and we are sure you will find what you are looking for!
Want to know where DEVEIN has appeared as a solution before? Click here for more information on that word.


While the pyramids of Egypt are something most of us dream of visiting at one point in life, just to be able to understand and gaze at the wonder of something that had been made by hands, there are numerous and millions of other who have the same idea as you do and tend to end up at the pyramids as well. Surviving a visit to a tourist packed attraction can be hard if you do not know how to do it properly and are under the impression that every country has the same standards.
The pyramids are a huge scamming ground and the best way for you to just enjoy the place and get out is by avoiding eye contact with the numerous sellers that stalk the sand and trying to get hapless tourists involved. Usually anyone who comes offering free help is after the money in your pocket.
Thefts are low in reports but the scams are nigh high in numbers. There are a plethora of complaints and reports filed at the embassy about the pyramid touts and their ways.
There are not a lot of places for you to rehydrate yourself at the pyramids and whatever stalls that sell water are high in prices and will drain your pockets dry. Make sure to take your own bottles of water (maybe from the hotel or from the city) and keep yourself hydrated in the scorching sun. it will be a good idea to take some energy drinks with you as well as you will be walking a long distance.
There are numerous things to do in Egypt from looking at pyramids to going on an evening desert safari. There are a plethora of places to visit and these places are not limited to just ancient cultural sites. The night life in Egypt is quite entertaining if you are craving a fun time.
You can usually book an evening desert safari or a camel ride from your local or international tour guide if you are going with a group. Otherwise getting help from the hotel you are staying at is recommended if you do not want to end up paying $150 for a 5 minute ride.
Dressing appropriately for the country goes for both men and women and for any country. If you do not dress according to the guidelines of the culture of that country then better be ready for the commentary and looks.


It isn't obvious what Rory hoped to achieve by holding a Donna Reed Night with Dean, or what she thought she had proved by doing so. If she wanted to confront him with the reality of being an ideal 1950s housewife to show him how unrealistic it is, she is only partially successful.
Dean clearly adores the idea of her cooking for him while dressed in high heels and pearls, and even likes the rather terrible food she has prepared from packets and cans. Rory receives reassurance from Dean that he doesn't really want her to be Donna Reed, but when she says she would do it all again, he is very quick to show interest in the idea. If anything, she may have awoken a desire in him he didn't know he had.
If Rory planned to seduce Dean with cuteness to resolve their argument, she succeeded – but at what cost? And why? Was she simply scared of losing Dean, and made a grand gesture to win him back? If so, it's sad, but probably not unrealistic for a teenager, that a single disagreement over an old TV show could make her so frightened and desperate.
There seems to be an element of wanting to demonstrate to Dean that she can have opinions and an identity that differ from Lorelai. Her choice of teenage rebellion is a bit strange, but she seems to have decided that she will set herself apart from from her mother by being far more willing to change herself and her ideas to please her boyfriend. Little wonder the uncompromising Lorelai thinks a blow to the head might have been involved.
On top of this plot being contrived and ineffectual, the whole dinner thing shows Rory's lack of concern for other people: Babette asked her to stay over and catsit a tiny kitten. Instead Rory feeds him and then immediately leaves him alone, goes to Lane to borrow the CD, shops for the dinner, gets this atrocious dress from somewhere and does research on Donna Reed. How did she do the research btw? I doubt that Babettes house has Internet, so she went to the library as well?


Above: 2 Noobs Who Use Facebook to Make $59K PER MONTH!
You know they think we're fools, right?
They make a KILLING off people who post content to their website everyday.
They make even more of a KILLING off people spending money on their Facebook Ads platform but who don't really know what they are doing.
All these Facebook Ads courses out there by self-proclaimed "experts" and they still get it wrong!
I would know too...I've paid thousands of dollars to be taught winning Facebook methods by these so-called "Facebook gurus" only to find out that what they told me doesn't work!
Even if it worked a little bit, its not the correct info they should have taught and you will experience more losses than not when you try their methods.
Or, even worse, Facebook shuts down your account!
So they cover their azz by telling you that you will lose money at first until you "get it".
Hogwash! You shouldn't have to lose money if you start out with the right information to begin with.
In the last few years, this online stuff has really changed but a lot of stuff has stayed almost exactly the same.
Do you find yourself begging for minimum wage jobs, just to try and keep up with all the costs of living?
Guess what? That's NOT going to change and I know exactly how that feels, Believe me!
So if there was a way to keep you from doing that, wouldn't you do it so that you NEVER have to be going down that path again?
What if I told you that I have come across real, truthful Facebook Ad tactics that are taught by a real Facebook employee?
Not just any employee but a Facebook National Ad Account Rep?
Yup! That's exactly what stumbled on here and, after going through this course, I realized I was doubly lied to again and again by people who only think they know what they are talking about.
They NEVER told me what is revealed in this course, and it actually made me mad just how bad I've been lied to and led astray, costing me tens of thousands of dollars.
I want to show you the Facebook "Insider" information that 2 total NOOBS to the internet used to bank over $59K per month!
These 2 complete newbies to the internet (pictured above), after lots of trial and error and losing money, finally got the right information from a FB ad account rep that changed their business forever and then developed a course around that information.
P.S. This is the REAL DEAL! No crazy sales tactics necessary! You either want to know how to truly CRUSH Facebook Ads, or you don't. Its that simple!


text:
Das Amtsgericht Furth im Wald war ein von 1879 bis 1973 bestehendes bayerisches Gericht der ordentlichen Gerichtsbarkeit mit Sitz in der Stadt Furth im Wald in Bayern. Die 1973 gebildete Zweigstelle Furth im Wald des Amtsgerichts Cham (heute Landgerichtsbezirk Regensburg) wurde inzwischen aufgelöst.

Geschichte
1838 wurde im Verlauf der Verwaltungsneugliederung Bayerns das Landgericht Furth im Wald errichtet. Das Bezirksamt Cham wurde 1862 als Verwaltungsbehörde aus den Landgerichten älterer Ordnung Cham und Furth im Wald gebildet. Das Landgericht blieb als Gerichtsbehörde bestehen und wurde mit der Einführung des Gerichtsverfassungsgesetzes 1879 in das Amtsgericht Furth im Wald umgebildet. Nach der Gebietsreform in Bayern wurde 1973 auch das Amtsgericht in Furth im Wald aufgelöst. Die 1973 gebildete Zweigstelle Furth im Wald des Amtsgerichts Cham wurde nach 2005 aufgelöst.

Einzelnachweise

Furth im Wald
Furth im Wald
Gegründet 1879
Aufgelöst 1973

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bolivian President Evo Morales Resigns Just A Month After An Elections
Bolivian President Evo Morales has resigned amid turmoil following his disputed re-election last month.
On Sunday, international monitors called for the election result to be annulled, saying they had found "clear manipulations" of the 20 October poll.
Mr Morales agreed with the findings and announced his intention to call fresh elections - after overhauling the country's election body.
But politicians - and the army and police chiefs - had urged him to quit.
Some of his allies were attacked earlier this week, and said their homes had been set alight.
In a televised address, Mr Morales said he would resign as president, and urged protesters to "stop attacking the brothers and sisters, stop burning and attacking".
The Vice-President, Alvaro Garcia Linera, and Senate President Adriana Salvatierra, have also resigned.
Protesters took to the streets to celebrate, chanting "yes we could" and setting off fire crackers.
Bolivia has been rattled by weeks of anti-government protests, following the reports of election fraud.
Tensions first flared on the night of the presidential election after the results count was inexplicably stopped for 24 hours. The final result gave Mr Morales slightly more than the 10-percentage-point lead he needed to win outright in the first round of the race.
At least three people died during clashes that followed. Some uniformed police officers also joined the protesters.
On Sunday, the Organization of American States, which monitored the elections, said it had found evidence of wide-scale data manipulation, and could not certify the result of the previous polls.
Pressure continued to build on Mr Morales during the day, as several of his political allies resigned, some citing fears for the safety of their families.
The army chief, General Williams Kaliman, also urged Mr Morales to resign "to allow for pacification and the maintaining of stability".
The military also said it would conduct operations to "neutralise" any armed groups that attacked the protesters.
What reaction has there been?
Opposition leader Carlos Mesa - who came second in last month's poll - thanked protesters for "the heroism of peaceful resistance". In a tweet, he described the development as "the end of tyranny" and a "historical lesson", saying, "Long live Bolivia!"
However, the Cuban and Venezuelan leaders - who had previously voiced their support for Mr Morales - condemned the events as a "coup".
Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel described it as a "violent and cowardly" attempt against democracy, while Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro said tweeted: "We categorically condemn the coup realised against our brother president."
Who is Evo Morales?
Mr Morales, who was Bolivia's first indigenous president, had served as leader since 2006.
He ran for a fourth consecutive term in the October elections after a controversial decision by the constitutional court to scrap presidential term limits.
In a 2016 referendum, a majority had voted "no" to dropping the limit of term numbers that Bolivians could serve. However, Mr Morales' party took the issue to the constitutional court, which abolished the term limits altogether.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Together with the new Audi A3 Sportback at Paris Motor Show debuted in 2012 and athletic modification of the three-door S3 (8V), equipped with aerodynamics kits, upgraded chassis and new 2.0-liter engine TFSI.
Externally, the Audi S3 (2016) can be distinguished by a different grille, new front bumper, side skirts, spoiler on the boot lid, four branch pipes of the exhaust system, chrome strip on the hulls of mirrors and unique 18-inch wheels.
Models & Prices 2016 Audi S3.
Inside news inlays in matt brushed aluminum, sports steering wheel and seats, gray dials on the instrument panel and numerous logos with the image of the letter "S".
Under the hood of the Audi S3 (8V) to place a new 2.0-liter TFSI turbo engine with direct fuel injection, issuing 300 hp and 380 Nm of torque, that forces 35 and 30 Nm more compared with the previous engine.
Thrust is transmitted to all wheels through a six-speed mechanics (acceleration from zero to hundreds of takes 5.4 seconds) or through transmission S tronic dual-clutch (from 0 to 100 km/h in 5.1 seconds). Maximum speed "heated" three-door in both cases is limited to 250 km/h.
Improve the dynamics of the new S3 contributed not only more powerful engine, but also reduced by 60 kg (up to 1395 kg) weight compared with the previous generation machine. Among other technical innovations recalibrated sports suspension with lowered by 25 mm ground clearance and upgraded brakes.
Sales of the new Audi S3 (8V) to the European market started in the beginning of 2013th the price from 38,900 euros in Germany. A model got to in May 2014, while asking for trehdverka exactly the same as the five-door modification and Sportback. The car with manual transmission will cost at least $43,400, and for the version with "robot" will have to pay from $45,400.
At the Geneva Motor Show 2013 debut Audi S3 Sportback in a more practical five-door body.Compared with three-door, in this model, the quantity of the wheelbase is increased by 3.5 cm (2 to 631 mm), and the mass has increased by 50 kg – 1 445 kg.
Externally, except for two extra doors, the new Audi S3 Sportback (2015-2016) repeats modification S3 3D, showing off the chrome grille, different front bumper, door sills, aluminum trim on the mirror housing, diffuser and four tailpipes of the exhaust system.
Configuration and price Audi S3 Sportback 2016.
The movement of the vehicle causes the same 2.0-liter four-cylinder turbocharged engine TFSI, 300 outstanding strength and peak torque of 380 Nm, which is transmitted to all wheels through a proprietary system Quattro.
From zero to hundreds Audi S3 Sportback on the mechanics accelerates in 5.5 seconds. (0.1 to slower three-door) and with S tronic transmission this exercise takes 5.0 seconds. Its top speed is limited to 250 km/h.
The price of the new Audi S3 Sportback 2016 begins from $43,400. for a car with a manual transmission, and an extra charge for "robot" is $2,000. Hot sedan Audi S3 only 5,000 r expensive.


Introduction for Educators: What's the biggest investment you've ever made? A car? A house? Your students have never made such an investment. But in the future, they'll have to make a very expensive investment in college.
By teaching students the concept of ROI—return on investment—you'll give them the understanding they need to calculate the investment of college.
Introduction for Students: Perhaps you've heard the phrase rule of thumb—a useful idea or phrase that helps to understand a topic. One popular rule of thumb in business is that "you have to spend money to make money." There's a technical name for this, as well—return on investment (or ROI).
So why should you spend money on college? According to the principle of ROI, you have to spend it now to make it later.
The Activity: Did you know that college graduates earn $1 million more in a lifetime than those with only a high school diploma? Have your students share that fact with a friend and ask them to discuss what they would do with an extra million dollars.
What was the students' return on investment?
Bonus Features: Ask your students if they think successful people are just lucky that they made wise investments and are getting a return on them.


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Christian Horner laughs off F1 team principal gathering after Sebastian Vettel dinner
Oliver Harden
Christian Horner on the grid. Abu Dhabi, November 2022. Credit: Alamy
Red Bull's Christian Horner has laughed off the idea that Formula 1's team principals might be minded to enjoy a meal together in the same spirit as the drivers.
Images circulated last month of Formula 1's 20 drivers meeting for a dinner on the eve of the season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix to bid farewell to four-time World Champion Sebastian Vettel, who brought an end to his glittering career at the Yas Marina track.
Organised and paid for by his former rival Lewis Hamilton, Vettel's last supper was noted as a rare show of camaraderie among the drivers.
Appearing at a charity event at Red Bull's factory, Horner was asked if the team bosses would be open to sitting down together as the drivers did in Abu Dhabi with the boss of the 2022 Constructors' Champions delivering a one-line response to the suggestion.
"Unfortunately, the same amount of love isn't shared around the team principals as the drivers," he said, according to the Mirror.
Horner also joked that he noticed Max Verstappen piling on the pounds after clinching his second consecutive Championship with four races to spare.
He added: "Of course Max, having won the Drivers' and the Constructors' Championships with a couple of races to go – they're a little bit like jockeys where they have to come in under a certain weight, and we saw that weight starting to creep up a little, through the steakhouses in Austin and the taquerias in Brazil.
"He'll be back on weight, I'm sure, by the time he gets back in the car in February next year."
Despite Horner's amusing response, the team principals have been known to meet socially on occasion with an image circulating of them – along with Formula 1 bosses Stefano Domenicali and Ross Brawn, Pirelli chief Mario Isola and Alpine chief executive Laurent Rossi – enjoying a meal ahead of the Emilia Romagna GP in April.
One notable omission from the photograph was Aston Martin team principal Mike Krack, who put his absence down to a communication issue.
Back in 2020, meanwhile, Mercedes boss Toto Wolff told F1's Beyond the Grid podcast that he had once hosted a dinner party for his fellow team principals but resolved never to do so again after they started "slagging each other off like children in a kindergarten."
"I think it was Friday or Saturday night and then they all started fighting with each other so it was pretty unpleasant," he revealed.
"So I didn't invite any afterwards anymore. Or when I did only one or two of them."
F1's warlords are better kept apart
It is often said that when Formula 1's team bosses meet on a grand prix weekend to confront the major issues, the only thing they end up agreeing on is the date of the next meeting.
So the chances of Horner, Wolff and Guenther Steiner – not to mention Franz Tost – gathering around a table and managing to avoid making a passive-aggressive (or actually outright hostile) comment or two are fanciful to say the least.
For Mattia Binotto – presumably no longer welcome at one of these gatherings – maybe there is a silver lining to resigning as Ferrari team principal after all.
Indeed, the thought of a team principals' dinner brings to mind the so-called 'Battle of the Buffet' between Manchester United and Arsenal in 2004, when at the end of a hotly contested match Sir Alex Ferguson took a pizza to the face from an unnamed Arsenal player (spoiler: Cesc Fabregas) as tempers flared in the tunnel.
Picture the scene at one of these meetings – of Horner being ambushed with a cake (to borrow a phrase) by Wolff, only just resisting the temptation to smear it in his face following their war or words throughout 2021 – and we can agree F1's warlords are better kept apart.
Read more: Luca di Montezemolo's damning assessment of Ferrari: A company without a leader
The article Christian Horner laughs off F1 team principal gathering after Sebastian Vettel dinner appeared first on Planetf1.com.
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Why Future Space Farms Depend on Plants Grown in Antarctica
Leave a Comment / Science / By abdesshimovipiup
Figuring out how to feed people in space is a major part of a larger effort to demonstrate the viability of long-term human habitation of extraterrestrial environments. On May 12, 2022, a team of scientists announced that they had successfully grown plants using lunar soil gathered during the Apollo moon missions. But this is not the first time that scientists have attempted to grow plants in soils that typically do not support life.
I am a historian of Antarctic science† How to grow plants and food in the far southern reaches of Earth has been an active area of research for more than 120 years. These efforts have helped further understanding of the many challenges of agriculture in extreme environments and eventually led to limited, but successful, plant cultivation in Antarctica. And especially after the 1960s, scientists began to explicitly look at this research as a stepping stone to human habitation in space.
The earliest efforts to grow plants in Antarctica were primarily focused on providing nutrition to explorers.
In 1902, British physician and botanist Reginald Koettlitz was the first person to grow food in Antarctic soils. He collected some soil from McMurdo Sound and used it to grow mustard and cress in boxes under a skylight aboard the expedition's ship. The crop was immediately beneficial to the expedition. Koettlitz produced enough that during an outbreak of scurvy, the entire crew ate the greens to help stave off their symptoms. This early experiment demonstrated that Antarctic soil could be productive, and also pointed to the nutritional advantages of fresh food during polar expeditions.
Early attempts to grow plants directly in Antarctic landscapes were less successful. In 1904, Scottish botanist Robert Rudmose-Brown mailed seeds from 22 cold-tolerant Arctic plants to the small, frigid Laurie Island to see if they would grow. All of the seeds failed to sprout, which Rudmose-Brown attributed to both the environmental conditions and the absence of a biologist to help usher their growth.
There have been many more attempts to introduce nonnative plants to the Antarctic landscape, but generally they didn't survive for long. While the soil itself could support some plant life, the harsh environment was not friendly to plant cultivation.
By the 1940s, many nations had begun setting up long-term research stations in Antarctica. Since it was impossible to grow plants outside, some people living at these stations took it upon themselves to build greenhouses to provide both food and emotional well-being. But they soon realized that Antarctic soil was of too poor quality for most crops beyond mustard and cress, and it typically lost its fertility after a year or two. Starting in the 1960s, people began switching to the soilless method of hydroponics, a system in which you grow plants with their roots immersed in chemically enhanced water under a combination of artificial and natural light.
By using hydroponic techniques in greenhouses, plant production facilities weren't using the Antarctic environment to grow crops at all. Instead, people were creating artificial conditions.
By 2015 there were at least 43 different facilities on Antarctica where researchers had grown plants at some time or another. While these facilities have been useful for scientific experiments, many Antarctic residents appreciated being able to eat fresh vegetables in the winter and considered these facilities enormous boons for their psychological well-being. As one researcher put it, they are "warm, bright and full of green life – an environment one misses during the Antarctic winter."
As permanent human occupation of Antarctica grew through the middle of the 20th century, humanity also began its push into space – and specifically, to the Moon. Starting in the 1960s, scientists working for organizations like NASA began thinking of the hostile, extreme and alien Antarctic as a convenient analog for space exploration, where nations could test space technologies and protocols, including plant production. That interest continued through the end of the 20th century, but it wasn't until the 2000s that space became a primary goal of some Antarctic agricultural research.
In 2004, the National Science Foundation and the University of Arizona's Controlled Environment Agriculture Center collaborated to build the South Pole Food Growth Chamber. The project was designed to test the idea of controlled-environment agriculture – a means of maximizing plant growth while minimizing resource use. According to its architects, the facility closely mimicked the conditions of a Moon base and provided "an analogue on Earth for some of the issues that will arise when food production is moved to space habitations." This facility continues to provide the South Pole Station with supplementary food.
Since building the South Pole Food Growth Chamber, the University of Arizona has collaborated with NASA to build a similar Prototype Lunar Greenhouse.
EDEN ISS is the newest experiment designed to mimic a food production facility on the Moon and can successfully feed a six-person crew.
As people began spending longer times in space toward the end of the 20th century, astronauts began putting to use the lessons from a century of growing plants in Antarctica.
In 2014, NASA astronauts installed the Vegetable Production System aboard the International Space Station to study plant growth in microgravity. The next year, they harvested a small crop of lettuce, some of which they then ate with balsamic vinegar. Just as Antarctic scientists had argued for many years, NASA asserted that the nutritional and psychological value of fresh produce is "a solution to the challenge of long-duration missions into deep space."
Antarctic research plays an important role for space to this day. In 2018, Germany launched a project in Antarctica called EDEN ISS that focused on plant cultivation technologies and their applications in space in a semi-closed system. The plants grow in air, as misters spray chemically enhanced water on their roots. In the first year, EDEN ISS was able to produce enough fresh vegetables to comprise one-third of the diet for a six-person crew.
Just as in Antarctic history, the question of how to grow plants is central to any discussion of possible human settlements on the Moon or Mars. People eventually abandoned efforts to cultivate the harsh Antarctic landscape for food production and turned to artificial technologies and environments to do so. But after over a century of practice and using the most modern techniques, the food grown in Antarctica has never been able to support many people for very long. Before sending people to the Moon or Mars, it might be wise to first prove that a settlement can survive on its own amid the frozen southern plains of Earth.
Daniella McCahey is an assistant professor of history at Texas Tech University.


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Home Masthead EMANEM and the New British Revolution: Who's Afraid of Improvised Music?
EMANEM and the New British Revolution: Who's Afraid of Improvised Music?
Here now are six of the not-so-many releases that EMANEM has issued in 2015 in no particular order. A seventh release also by John Russell was reviewed here…
Marcio Mattos
SOL[os]
EMANEM 5035
Bassist and cellist Marcio Mattos' playing on SOL[os] bristles with incendiary pizzicato passages. His 'light' bowing technique is equally suited to the cello, which he plays on six of the ten tracks on the album. But his bass lines are gruff yet often airy in some longish spells. On both instruments, though, Mattos displays a golden timbre and fleet elegance. His work can be fiendishly difficult, with much of its virtuosity reserved for the soloist's long accompanying episodes. The work, Prominence, which concludes the album is played on double bass, with electronics added on, is a fine example of how the music unfolds throughout the cello and bass passages, both of which have been generously supported by electronics.
Mattos has the measure of not only his challenging work, but his instruments as well, delivering the double-stops with airborne grace and tight precision; and the virtuosic figures never seem to lose direction. He revels in the spacious improvisation of the music's curious, short fast movement, combining incredible vocalise with insouciant runs. These recordings were made among those not made by Davidson. In fact Marcio Mattos made them at various locations. Album notes suggest that these were between 1990 and the mid-2000s. The Brasilian is one of the relatively few Cariocas to have broken free of the commercialism of Bossa Nova (the other is the tenor saxophonist Ivo Perelman) and in choosing free improvisation probably finds himself better served in Europe. It's hard to see this not being of great benefit for Mattos as this album shows him to be a musician of great sensitivity and imagination.
The Milo Fine Free Jazz Ensemble – featuring Steve Gnitka
Earlier Outbreaks of Iconoclasm
The tapes for this recording date back to 1976, 1977 and 1978. These tracks include ten brilliant improvised charts making up the music of Hah. The recordings were taped by the musicians at performances in the United States and were first issued on the hatHUT imprint between 1976 and 1977. The second composition – The Constant Extension of Inescapable Tradition was also released by hatHUT, but in 1978. This double album also includes When I Was Five Years Old, I Predicted Your Whole Life was, we are told, recorded in 1978, intended for release in 1981, but this was never done so. Dates and discography details are important because recordings such as this one pre-empted much of what is happening today with free improvising duos, not only in Britain, but in the USA as well.
Both the multi-instrumentalist, Milo Fine and guitarist Steve Gnitka are spirited improvisers. While studiously avoiding traffic from each other the musicians still manage to buzz around each other like ferocious gnats encouraging each other, it would seem, to draw first blood. The work on piano, prepared piano and bowed cymbals by Fine may owe a debt to John Cage but his work on the clarinet seems to come right off the top of his virtuoso head itself. Likewise, his drumming up-ends all conventional notions of time and rely solely on pulse-generation. Gnitka is likewise inspired in his own way and his extraordinary imagination makes this series of recordings essential listening for the discerning listener. Milo Fine also notes that the title of Earlier… was conceived as a link to the Lp Another Outbreak of Iconoclasm (Two Eggs; Slightly Beaten) (Fusetron 010, 1994).
EMANEM
Hannah Marshall
John Butcher
Milo Fine
Phil Durrant
Steve Gnitka
Veryan Weston
Kobe Van Cauwenberghe: Interpreting Anthony Braxton
Julius Rodriguez: Let Sound Tell All
Vera Brandes: Music and the Brain
Lucía Pulido: Time Darkened by Sorrow, Brightened By Passion
Griots of Music's Underground Railroad
The Divine Madness of Bill Laswell
The Day I Met Ornette Coleman
Trish Clowes: A View with a Room


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Books > Performing Arts > Carnatic > Natyasastra: Sanskrit Text With Transliteration and English Translation (Set of 2 Volumes)
Natyasastra: Sanskrit Text With Transliteration and English Translation (Set of 2 Volumes)
by Manomohan Ghosh
The Harappan dancing girl sculpture shows, how old is the tradition of Natya viz. dance, drama and music in India. Samaveda is dedicated primarily to music; this again shows the importance of performing arts in ancient India. With such a rich legacy of dance, drama and music, India has given various great scriptures of this tradition to the world. The Natya sastra is such a scripture only. This scripture had been accepted as fifth Veda, as the same is gist of Vedas. According to scripture itself, "The recitative (pathya) he took from the Rgveda, the song from the Samaveda, the Histrionic Representation (abhinaya) from the Yajurveda and Sentiments (rasa) from the Atharvaveda and thus was created the Natyaveda.
With thirty-six chapters and over six thousand verses, this is encyclopaedia of Natya Vidya (Vidya of dance, drama and music). This comprises of every single aspect of Natya viz. it talks about the issues related literary constructions, set up of stage, details related to musical scales and murcchas, analysis of dance forms which considers several body gestures or mudras and movements along with their impact on viewers, it also educates the viewers about the etiquettes to be followed while watching a performance and it deals with Rasas.
Bharata muni describes 15 types of drama ranging from one to ten acts. Individual chapters deal with aspects such as makeup, costume, acting and directing etc.
With detailed theory of drama, Natyasastra is comparable to the Poetics of Aristotle. Bharata Muni refers to bhavas, the imitations of emotions, as per him eight principal rasas are srngara rasa (love), karunya rasa (pity), Raudra rasa (fury), Vibhatsa rasa (disgust), Vira rasa (heroism), Adbhuta rasa (wonder), Bhyanaka rasa (horrific) and Hasyarasa (comedy) however Mahamahesvara Abhinava gupta who wrote a commentary on it also, later setup ninth rasa the santa rasa and said all the other rasas are part of it.
The Natyasastra is the first major text that deals with music at length. It is considered the defining treatise of Indian classical music until the 13th century, when the stream bifurcated into Hindustani classical music in North India and Carnatic classical music in South India; the stronghold of the Hindu kingdoms. Even till date its strict follow up can be seen in performing arts of south India.
With major focus on musical instruments in its musical art narration the Natyasastra also talks about several aspects of musical performance, particularly its application to vocal, instrumental and orchestral compositions. Natyasastra also talks about jatis which are the origin of the notion of modern melodic structures called ragas.
The present edition is critical edition with Samskrta text, transliteration, annotated English translation along with detailed index, which makes it very useful for research scholars, performing arts experts and enthusiasts.
The Natyasastram of Bharata-muni is a unique work of Indian culture and literature. It is an encyclopaedic work which has now been made into two volumes (previously in four volumes) and contains thirty-six chapters. This voluminous work deals with all possible subjects connected with the stage-craft including the construction of plays of different kind. The learned editor and translator of the work concludes here in this work that it was written in the fifth century B.C., and, it shows that the Indians reached a high level of perfection in presenting as well as constructing dramatic works. In spite of their occasional pre-occupation with man's destiny in the other world, they paid serious attention to the earthly aspects of their life. The Natyasastra is valuable in several respects as it presents a glimpse of the activities of the ancient Indian writers in the field of dramaturgy and histrionics which had begun before Panini composed his grammar some time about 600 B.C.
The original text of the Natyasastra was written more than two millenniums ago but it was discovered about a hundred and fifty years ago when the French Sanskritist Paul Regnaud published in 1880 chapter XVII, and in 1884, chapter XV (in part) and the chapter XVI of the Natyasastra with translation. This was followed by his publication of chapters VI and VII in 1884. And J. Grosset, another French scholar and a pupil of Regnaud, published later (in 1888) its chapter XXVIII (with translation) which treated of the general theory of Indian music. However Pt. Shivadatt and Kashinath Pandurang Parab published the original Sankrit text in 1894 from Bombay, and it was followed by J. Grosset's critical edition of its chapters I-XIV based on all the MSS. available up till that date.
The present translator encountered many difficulties and gathered materials from the works of his predecessors, and it cannot be claimed that the work has reached us in its original form. There are in it a number of interpolations of later date which the translator has discussed in detail. According to Sarndeva the commentators who set themselves to the task of explaining or elucidating the Natyasastra are Lallata, Udbhata, Sankuka, Abhinavagupta and Kirtidhara, As J. Grosset's text does not go beyond the chapter XIV, the translator had to prepare a critical edition of the remaining chapters bofore taking up the translation. For this he depended principally upon Ramakrishna Kavi's edition (Baroda, 1926-1954) including Abhinavagupta's ommentary, as well as the Nirnayasagar and the Chowkhamba editions (the first Bombay 1894 and the second, Benares, 1929).
The translator had to make selection of the text from two distinct recensions available and, he thought it prudent to adopt readings from both the recensions. Since, the text of the Natyasastra has a complicated text-history of its own, the translator had to first reconstruct the text ably and then he did interpretation of it. The translation has been made literal as for as possible except that the stock words and phrases have been mostly ignored.
As for drama, it naturally continued to be looked upon by Indians as spectacles (preksa) or things to be visualized, even after great playwright creators like Bhasa, Kalidasa, Siidraka, Bhavabhuti and Visakhadatta had written their dramas which in spite of their traditional form were literary masterpieces. It need not say that the present work contains all the relevant materials required for a perfect dramatic treatise.
Now the publishers are going to bring out the new edition of this valuable work in two volumes in order to make it handy for the readers. As the work was in four separate volumes, each two volumes for the translation and the text separetely, the present scheme of publication in taking the text and translation together will facilitate the reader definitely when they will find the text with the translation itself. The learned translator has already disclosed the reasons and the circumstances through which he had to pass when he was working with translation, and thereafter the editing of the text matter. All this has been very clearly presented in hi writing of the Introduction of the text-history. It is but natural that the translator was bound to publish each volume separately, and, he deserves the gratefulness on the part of the readers for having been made such an important work available to them even after big gaps of time. The translator has regretted the inconveniences to readers in his preface to earlier edition.
The present edition has undergone certain changes in course of making it into two volumes. First of all, the Introduction given in each volume of the translation and the text has been put at one place in the beginning of the first volume it elf with minor editing in it. But it has been decided to incorporate the Introduction to text after the Introduction to translation separately. Similarly the preface given to each volume in the earlier edition has been put together in order after minor editing. The other things have also been retained without any omission whatsoever. It is hoped that readers will welcome the present scheme of bringing the text and the trnaslation together in two volumes and will find his edition of the Natyasastra more useful.
Introduction I. The Present Work
1. Scope and Importance of the Natyasastra
1. The Natyasastra written more than two milleniums ago is a unique work of Indian literature. Though the title relates to theatre, it is in fact an encyclopedia dealing with all possible subjects connected with the stage. This voluminous work composed almost entirely in verse (about 6,000 couplets) with a sprinkling of prose and divided into thirtysix chapters, contains besides other valuable data on the history of ancient Indian culture, discussions on the following topics:
i. Mythical origin of theatre, its coming down on the earth.
ii. Construction of a playhouse, a stage, a tiring-room and auditorium etc. ceremonies relating to the construction.
iii. Preliminaries to a dramatic performance: ceremonies including songs, chants, dances and instrumental music.
iv. Choreographic elements: dance, gestures and movements of different parts of the body (head, neck, eyes, hands, legs etc.) and body in some conventional postures.
v. Costumes and make-up.
vi. Classification of plays, analysis of their structure.
vii. Poetic aspects of plays, and metres and figures of speech used in them.
viii. Theory of music, metres of songs, chants, elocution, modes of playing instruments (Vinas, flutes and drums and Talas (time-measure) to be observed during songs, and playing of instruments.
ix. Roles and characters in plays: their classification, description, and training of actors and actresses, members of theatrical troupes, and qualification of an ideal stage-manager.
x. Criticism of a dramatic performance.
2. Some of the topics, especially an analysis of typical plays and their poetic aspects (nos.vi and vii) may appear to be superfluous in connection with the production of plays. But this is not actually so. For during the early period of Indian drama, independent playwrights as a class were non-existent, and every troupe had its own play-wright who accompanied it from place to place, and utilized local history and legends to compose plays for entertaining a large number of people as well as for adding to its repertoire. It was with a view to help such playwrights that the author of the NS. discussed in detail the structural design of the various types of play and its elaboration. It is not known if Abhinavagupta looked into this matter in such a light; still his reply to the anticipated criticism was that it (the Natyasastra) is for the guidance of playwrights as well as of producers. As drama in any form is primarily and essentially a spectacle, an acquaintance with the rules of its production should be considered indispensable for playwrights. For it is a well known fact that good many literary dramas are not taken up for performance, because they are not suitable for being put up on the boards. The author of the Natyasastra was evidently conscious about this close connection between the literary and technical aspects of theatrical production, and treated both of these with almost equal care. Hence his work naturally assumed the form of an encyclopedia. It is therefore no wonder that this was often quoted and referred to by authors who wrote afterwards on gestures, poetics, prosody, music and even Prakrit grammar. With equal justification it was also utilized by commentators of different Sanskrit and Prakrit plays. All the later writers on dramaturgy depended greatly if not exclusively, on this valuable work, and acknowledged their debt to the mythical Bharata.
3. Topics of the Natyasastra discussed above are, however, principal ones, and many minor ones come up from time to time.
This shows to what extent the ancient Indian writers were ready to go into details to clarify the subject in hand. But in spite of our great respect for the author, it would be idle to pretend that he followed a plan that can quite satisfy the modem readers. This, however, may not prove to be a handicap in following his main lines of treatment. The real difficulty about understanding and interpreting his great work comes from its peculiar textual tradition, which developed obscurities through being copied and recopied for persons who were later cut off from the original tradition. And it is probably on this assumption that one can explain the fact that from about the seventh century, a number of, talented scholars began to study the work closely and write commentaries on It Abhinavagupta (about 10th-11th century) was perhaps the last great name amongst them. His work alone has luckily come down to us, though not in accurate and complete manuscripts. Publication of this commentary as well as the very useful work done by a number of modern scholars has considerably reduced the initial difficulty of studying with profit the contents of the NS. A brief history of all this will be necessary for realizing the nature and magnitude of the task undertaken.
2. A Short History of the Study
4. Since the West came to know of the Sanskrit drama through William Jones's translation of the Sakuntala (the popular name of the Abhijnana-Sakuntalam) the nature and origin of the ancient Indian theatre, have always interested scholars, especially the Sanskritists, all over the world. H.H. Wilson who published in 1826 the first volume of his famous work on the subject deplored that the Natyasastra, mentioned and quoted in several old commentaries and other works, had been lost for ever. F. Hall who published in 1865 his edition of the Dasarupa. a late work on dramaturgy, did not see any MS. of the Natyasastra till the printing of his work had greatly advanced. And for the time being he published the relevant chapters of the work as an appendix to his Dasarupa, Afterwards he undertook to critically edit the MS. of the Natyasastra he had acquired; but this venture was subsequently given up. In 1874 W. Heymann, a German scholar, published on the basis of South Indian MSS, discovered up till that date a valuable article on the contents of the Natyasastra. The French Sanskritist Paul Regnaud published in 1880 chapter XVII and in 1884 chapter XV (in part) and the chapter XVI of the Natyasastra with translation. This was soon followed by his publication of chapters VI and VII in 1884 And J, Grosset, another French scholar and a pupil of Regnaud, published later (in 1888) its chapter XXVIII, (with a translation) which treated of the general theory of Indian music.
5. But the different chapters of the work and studies on them, which were published up till 1888, though very helpful for the understanding of some aspects of the ancient Indian dramatic works, cannot be said to have thrown any considerable light on the exact nature of the ancient Indian plays, especially the manner of their production on the stage. Sylvain Levi's Le Theatre indien (1890) in which he discussed comprehensively the contribution of his predecessors in the field and added to it greatly by his own researches, made unfortunately no great progress in this specific direction. Though he had access to three more or less complete MSS. of the NS Levi does not seem to have made any serious attempt to make a close study of the entire work except its chapters XVII-XX (XVIll-XXII of our text) and XXXIV. The reason for his relative indifference to the contents of the major portion (nearly nine-tenths of the work seems to be principally the corrupt nature of his MS. materials. Like his predecessors, Levi paid greater attention to the study of the literary form of ancient Indian plays with the difference that he utilized for the first time the relevant chapters of the NS. to check the accuracy of statements of later writers on the subject like Dhananjaya and Visvanatha who professed their dependence on it. But whatever may be the drawback of Levi's magnificent work; it did an excellent service to the history of ancient Indian drama by focussing the attention of scholars on the great importance of the NS. Almost simultaneously two Sanskritists in India as well as one in the West were planning its publication. In 1894 pandits Shivadatta and Kashinath Pandurang Parab published from Bombay the original Sanskrit text of the work. This was followed in 1898 by J. Grosset's critical edition of its chapters I-XIV based on all the MSS. available up till that date.
6. Though nearly seventy years passed after the publication of Grosset's incomplete edition of the NS, it still remains one of the best specimens of modern Western scholarship, and though to the light of the new materials available, it is possible nowadays to improve upon his reconstruction in a few places, Grosset's work will surely retain for a long time a landmark in the history of the study of this important text. It is a pity that this very excellent work remains unfinished. But a fact equally deplorable is that it failed to attract sufficient attention of scholars interested in the subject. Incomplete though it was, it nevertheless contained a good portion of the rules regarding the presentation of plays on the stage, and included valuable data on the origin and nature of ancient Indian drama; but no one seems to have subjected it to the searching study it deserved. Whoever wrote on ancient Indian plays after Levi depended more on his work than on the NS. It self, even when this was available (at least in a substantial part in a critical edition. It may very legitimately be assumed that the reasons which conspired to render the NS. rather unattractive included among other things, the difficulty of this text which was not yet illuminated by a commentary.
7. Discovery in the first quarter of the present century of the major portion of such a commentary written by the Kashmirian Abhinavagupta seemed to give, however, a new impetus to the study of the work. And it appeared for the time being that the NS. would yield more secrets treasured in the body of its difficult text. But the publication in 1926 of the first volume of the Baroda edition of the work including Abhinava's commentary, disillusioned the expectant scholars. Apart from the question of merit of this commentary and its relation to the available versions of the NS., it suffered from a very faulty transmission of the text. Not only did it contain numerous lacunae, but; quite a number of its passages were not liable to any definite interpretation due to their vitiated nature. Of this latter condition the learned editor of the commentary says, "the originals are so incorrect that a scholar friend of mine is probably justified in saying that even if Abhinavagupta descended from the Heaven and saw the MSS. he would not easily restore his original reading. It is in fact an impenetrable jungle through which a rough path now has been traced". The textual condition of Abhinava's commentary on the remaining chapters published later is also not appreciably better.
8. But whatever may be the real value of the commentary, the first three volumes of the NS. published from Baroda, which were avowedly to give the text supposed to have been taken by Abhinavagupta as the basis of his work, presented also considerable new and valuable materials in the shape of variant readings collated from numerous MSS. of the text as well as from the commentary. These sometimes throw a new light on the contents of the work. A study of these together with a new and more or less complete text of the NS. published from Benares in 1929, was justifiably considered a desideratum. The present work has been the result of such a study, and in it has been given for the first time a complete translation of the NS. based on a text critically reconstructed by the author.
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Sanskrit Text With Transliteration and English Translation
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The Mediterranean is probably GANDIABLASCO's best ally. The Valencia based company's furniture blends seamlessly with the natural surroundings of the shores of Mare Nostrum unlike any other place on earth, whether it be on the terraces of the Aegean Sea or the swimming pools of Provence rippled by the Mistral winds. This affinity with the light and the Mediterranean culture are perfectly illustrated through three of the most attractive projects featuring GANDIABLASCO that invite the eye on a visual tour through Turkey, the south of France and the Amalfi Coast.


When Miley Cyrus sang that she 'can't be tamed' back in 2010, who knew that the title of the song would be so oddly prophetic, as three and a half years on, it might very well be applied to the life of her tongue, which after starring in the 'Wrecking Ball' video again makes quite the appearance in the similarly raunchy clip for 'Adore You'.
And while there's no stripped down wrecking ball riding going on here, there is plenty of under the sheet action as Miley videos herself (presumably for a lover, but potentially for the whole world the way she's going) seductively writhing, touching, sucking her thumbs and fingers and getting wet in the bathtub.
The song itself is no 'Wrecking Ball' though – and though it's certainly not a bad pop ballad, we suspect she and her peeps decided to continue with the sexual overtones to help get it more attention than it otherwise may have.


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Summary – Ssuubi group and other opposition politicians stand to lose as NRM candidates look set to benefit. Parliamentary contestants in Buganda could pay dearly for taking sides in the mini-contest between FDC presidential candidate Kizza Besigye and former prime minister Amama Mbabazi, an Observer analysis shows.
Four-time contestant Besigye's and Mbabazi's decision to go separate ways after failed coalition talks appears to have rubbed off badly against their supporters, notably some MP hopefuls in Buganda, who have now turned guns against each other.
In some constituencies in Kampala and Wakiso, opposition candidates are openly identifying themselves as either Mbabazi or Besigye supporters. Some National Resistance Movement (NRM) candidates, exploiting these differences, could end up smiling their way to Parliament, dealing the opposition a heavy blow in a region where the latter traditionally win a considerable number of seats.
Interestingly, some of the politicians throwing barbs at each other are close friends and former political allies in pressure groups like Ssuubi 2011, who have now drifted apart because of their choice of the presidential candidate.
Political observers warn that this bickering could gift NRM candidates unlikely victory in some areas, like it happened in previous elections where two strong opposition candidates failed to reach compromise.
Dr Sabiti Makara, a senior lecturer in the department of political science at Makerere University, said on Saturday that even at parliamentary level, the opposition had to exhibit a high degree of unity in these unprecedented political times.
"They do not have any option [other than uniting] unless they want to lose. In Luweero, when they all backed Brenda Nabukenya [during the May 2014 by-elections], they won," Makara said.
Indeed, from some of the results of the 2011 parliamentary elections, there is enough evidence to prove that opposition disunity in many cases handed the NRM candidate victory in some constituencies in Kampala and Wakiso.
In Makindye East, the winner, John Ssimbwa of NRM, got a total of 16,714 votes yet the combined tally from Ibrahim Kasozi of FDC, Sarah Kanyike Sarah, a DP-leaning independent, and Susan Nampijja of CP was 21,212 votes.
In Wakiso district's Kyaddondo North constituency, the failure by two opposition candidates to unite handed victory to NRM's Robert Kasule. In that election, DP's James Kibanga got 13,222 votes while FDC's Kagulire Ssebowa scored 9,540 votes. This gave them a joint total of 22,726 votes against Kasule's 22,649 votes, a difference of 77 votes.
It was the same story in Nakawa, where FDC's Michael Kabaziguruka with 23,009 votes, DP's Kenneth Kakande with 20,919 votes and UPC's Geoffrey Odongo (1,559) ensured that NRM's Fred Ruhindi, who got 44,929 votes, took the seat.
In total, Kabaziguruka, Kakande and Odongo had 45,487 votes. A candidate selection committee for parliamentary candidates, under The Democratic Alliance (TDA), was supposed to sort out any differences between the opposition candidates to avoid a repeat of the above scenarios.
But now, with parliamentary nominations set for December 2 and 3, it is looking increasingly unlikely that this committee will be set up — or get the time to perform those duties.
From our analysis, Kampala and Wakiso, two districts controlled by opposition MPs, are the major hotspots of the Besigye-Mbabazi political rivalry. For many, the decision to support either Mbabazi or Besigye is based on political calculations or personal reasons.
The race for the Kampala woman MP, which has attracted three fairly strong opposition candidates, stands out in this regard. Two of the candidates (the incumbent Nabilah Sempala and Shifrah Lukwago, hitherto a councillor at KCCA) have chosen to rally behind Dr Besigye's presidential bid while Florence Nakiwala of DP supports Mbabazi.
The three treated the public to a political spectacle during the two days of presidential nominations last week. At Namboole and Nakivubo, Nakiwala, a former Buganda kingdom minister, positioned herself close to Mbabazi, ensuring that she featured in many of the photographs and video clips of the former premier.
For Nabilah, the spectacle descended into comedy. On Tuesday morning, Nabilah first placed advertisements on a local FM station calling upon her supporters to flock to Mbabazi's public rally at Nakivubo. But after realising that Nakiwala had beaten her to the game and gotten close to Mbabazi first, she planted herself beside Besigye at Namboole.
Efforts by the party officials to evict her creating a fuss failed. Nabilah told whoever wanted to kick her off the seat to "leave me alone" – until Besigye told them to leave her alone.
For all her troubles and political inconsistencies, Nabilah remains a strong candidate. In the 2011 elections, she scored 222,724 votes, beating Margaret Zziwa by 58,346 votes.
Nabilah's biggest challenger this time is Nakiwala, wife of Bukomansimbi MP Deo Kiyingi and former Buganda minister for Tourism. Nakiwala reportedly has deep pockets and a vast network of mobilisers in Kampala.
Lawyer Shifrah Lukwago has built political capital out of being close to Kampala Lord Mayor Erias Lukwago, during his troubles with government. Her striking, light complexion also makes her instantly recognisable even in a crowd.
Shifrah told The Observer on Friday that the people, not armchair politicians, will take the final decision.
"People will elect the person they see is strong. It does not matter whether we are ten opposition candidates; the people will decide," She said.
Still, there remains fear within opposition camps that NRM's flag bearer Asia Nabisere could exploit the differences between the three candidates and nick the victory.
Other interesting duels include Lubaga North, where former MP Beti Kamya, who is allied to Mbabazi, is seeking to reclaim her seat from the incumbent Moses Kasibante of Besigye's group.
Both are strong candidates and the race is likely to be close. Singh Katongole of the NRM will be hoping that a split of the opposition vote gifts him victory. In Kawempe South, MP Richard Sebuliba Mutumba, a supporter of Mbabazi, will face off with Mubarak Munyagwa, the Kawempe division mayor and strong ally of Besigye.
Sebuliba-Mutumba told The Observer on Saturday that his campaign will focus on fending off a challenge from the NRM and Museveni, not Munyagwa.
"Even if I was not for Mbabazi, FDC would still have fielded a candidate in my constituency," he said.
As the two opposition candidates tussle it out, NRM's Madinah Nsereko will be lurking in the shadows. In Kawempe North, Latif Ssebaggala, the incumbent, has identified himself with Mbabazi.
Interestingly, Ssebaggala belongs to the platform for Truth and Justice pressure group, a DP faction led by Lukwago, who is sticking with Besigye. His major competitor is Sulaiman Kidandala, a DP member who is also allied with Mbabazi. FDC's Muhammed Ssegirinya is also in the race.
In Makindye East, Michael Mabikke of Team Mbabazi will face off with Ibrahim Kasozi of FDC. Their duel could gift NRM's Ssimbwa victory.
Along with the Besigye-Mbabazi rivalry, the future of Ssuubi 2011, a political platform established to canvass support for opposition-leaning Baganda politicians, appears threatened.
The Observer understands that on Friday, some members of the group met with its patron, Mulwanyammuli Ssemwogerere, the former Buganda katikkiro, to find a way forward. Details of the meeting were scanty by press time.
Its avid promoters like MPs Medard Sseggona (Busiro East), Ssemujju Ibrahim Nganda (Kyadondo East) and Matthias Mpuuga (Masaka municipality) have taken different political directions.
Sseggona and Mpuuga support Mbabazi while Ssemujju is with Besigye. Other prominent Ssuubi MPs like Betty Nambooze (Mukono municipality) and Muwanga Kivumbi (Butambala) have taken a neutral stand, at least publicly. Sseggona told The Observer on Saturday that irrespective of the presidential candidate a member supports, they know that Ssuubi still has other uniting factors.
"We shall not break up because there are so many areas where we work together. Our relationship is supposed to outlast short-term political differences," he said. Nambooze said part of the reason she had decided to remain neutral is to keep Ssuubi and its core principles intact.
"I want to go to Busiro and campaign for Sseggona then go to Kira municipality and mobilise for my friend Ssemujju," she said. Still, Nambooze acknowledged that by allowing the political differences between Besigye and Mbabazi to divide them, some MPs in Buganda are risking defeat.
Written by Edris Kiggundu – Source — Weekly Observer.