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Das in den USA gelegene Erzbistum Hartford (lat. Archidioecesis Hartfortiensis, engl. Archdiocese of Hartford) ist eine Diözese der römisch-katholischen Kirche mit Sitz in Hartford im Bundesstaat Connecticut.

Geschichte
Es wurde am 28. November 1843 aus dem Erzbistum Boston herausgenommen und unterstand diesem zukünftig als Suffraganbistum. Am 16. Februar 1872 gab das 5.004 km² große Bistum gemeinsam mit dem Erzbistum Boston Gebiete für das neu zu gründende Bistum Providence ab.

Nachdem aus dem Diözesanterritorium am 6. August 1953 zwei Gebiete als Bistum Bridgeport und als Bistum Norwich ausgegliedert worden waren, wurde Hartford zum Erzbistum und Metropolitanbistum der Bistümer Bridgeport, Norwich und Providence erhoben.

Dem Erzbischof stehen zwei Weihbischöfe zur Seite.

Missbrauchsfälle
2005 wurden 22 Millionen US-Dollar bezahlt, um die Ansprüche von 43 Opfern zu begleichen, die von 14 Priestern missbraucht worden waren. Ferner sind Prozesse im Fall des Täters George Reardon anhängig, der als Arzt in einem vom Bistum getragenen Krankenhaus tätig war.

Bischöfe von Hartford

 William Barber Tyler, 28. November 1843–18. Juni 1849
 Bernard O'Reilly, 9. August 1850–23. Januar 1856
 Francis Patrick McFarland, 11. Dezember 1857–12. Oktober 1874
 Thomas Galberry OSA, 17. Februar 1876–10. Oktober 1878
 Lawrence Stephen McMahon, 16. Mai 1879–21. August 1893
 Michael Tierney, 2. Dezember 1893–5. Oktober 1908
 John Joseph Nilan, 14. Februar 1910–13. April 1934
 Maurice Francis McAuliffe, 23. April 1934–15. Dezember 1944
 Henry Joseph O'Brien, 7. April 1945–6. August 1953

Erzbischöfe von Hartford
 Henry Joseph O'Brien, 6. August 1953–20. November 1968
 John Francis Whealon, 28. Dezember 1968–2. August 1991
 Daniel Anthony Cronin, 10. Dezember 1991–20. Oktober 2003
 Henry Joseph Mansell, 20. Oktober 2003–29. Oktober 2013
 Leonard Paul Blair, seit 29. Oktober 2013

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (englisch)
 Homepage der St. Joseph Cathedral in Hartford (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Hartford
Organisation (Hartford, Connecticut)
Christentum (Connecticut)
Gegründet 1843


The house is located in the picturesque, beautiful town of La Herradura, just twenty minutes east of Nerja and is often described as "One In A Hundred". It is in an exclusive location with majestic views of both the mountains, the Mediterranean and La Herradura Bay, and the views are as beautiful in the morning as in the evening.
The house has three bedrooms with a total of 6 beds. It keeps a high quality of modern furnishings and generously equipped to offer a holiday experience beyond the usual.
On the 150 sqm wonderful wooden terrace with stunning views of the "entire" Mediterranean Sea, there are two cozy pergolas that sun shielding a dinning and lounge furniture. Here is also the Jacuzzi, outdoor shower, sun-beds etc. In the complete outdoor kitchen / bar you can prepare a delicious dinner in the open air. The terrace is completely private and insured.
You have your own car port with space for two cars outside the entrance, which makes the loading and unloading smooth. Just outside the house you have free access to the area's child-friendly pool area as well as a new paddle court and a street basketball court.
Sold with modern furnishings and fully equipped. Air conditioning throughout, well-functioning internet installed with wifi, SONOS speaker system, and TV etc. The house has GREAT documented rentals that provide a very good income. The community is close nit and prosperous with beautiful garden and pool areas.


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Airborne Safari Experiences in South Africa
A game drive encounter with a lion, rhino or leopard gets the adrenalin pumping and makes a safari one of life's most exhilarating experiences. Others seek adventure beyond the 4×4. Taking to the air is one of the best ways to quench this thirst for action and South Africa is foremost for adventure holidays.
Our Africa Specialist and frequent visitor to South Africa, Albee Yeend, highlights her favourite airborne activities:
Sky diving over Plettenberg Bay
Located along the Garden Route Plettenberg Bay, locally known as Plett, is a popular playground for the city dwellers of Cape Town. Time your visit in September to coincide with the 60 foot Southern Right Whales who nurse their calves in the warm shallow waters; you'll also avoid the summer crowds that descend on the town over Christmas and New Year. Whale watching from the shore is spectacular enough but a sky dive allows you to appreciate the enormity of these marine mammals. Once your plane has reached around 10,000 feet you'll free fall for half a minute before the canopy opens. As you glide down to land look out for breaching dolphins or lobtailing whales.
Base yourself at Kurland Hotel, situated only 19km from Plettenberg Bay which welcomes action seekers and the estate can offer walking, hiking, riding, running, mountain biking, quad biking, tennis, polo tuition and even hosts polo tournaments. There are 12 suites, most of which have loft rooms which have been furnished with children in mind.
Hot air ballooning over the Kapama Game Reserve
Kapama Game Reserve is the largest privately owned game reserve near Kruger National Park where the Big 5 will be found. The area is eminent as a centre for wildlife management and conservation. Of particular note is the Hoedspruit Endangered Species Centre, which originally started out as a cheetah conservation project in 1990. For thrill-seekers who are averse to over-exertion, hot air ballooning trips offer the perfect solution. Leaving as the sun rises, game can be seen dotting the landscape below as they graze, rest or hunt. Flights last around one hour and are followed by a glass of sparkling wine.
One lodge that can organise such an experience is the family-owned Camp Jabulani with six luxurious and elegant suites. Not only does the camp enjoy an abundance of facilities, it also has its own elephant herd and guests can even go on a unique night safari on elephant back.
Take a helicopter flip over Limpopo Nature Reserves
Limpopo is the most northerly province in South Africa, bordering Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Botswana. As well as national parks, including the renowned Kruger National Park, the area also offers 33 nature reserves rich in wildlife and characterised by low mountains and open savannahs. Swoop over the vast area on an exhilarating helicopter flip. Your skilled pilot will fly so low it will feel like you're brushing the tree tops or scaling the cliff faces. Although a fast-paced adventure you will still get the opportunity for game viewing and you can catch your breath when you stop off at a remote picnic spot – only accessible by helicopter.
The Observatory, a 4 bedroom house set within the Leobo Private Reserve close to the Waterberg Mountains, boasts its own private helicopter. The house is available on an exclusive-only basis and features a rooftop Jacuzzi, a telescope and adrenaline pumping activities such as sky diving, rock climbing, cross-country Polaris and a crocodile called Steve…
Take a scenic coastal flight over the coast
The South African coastline around Hermanus is famous for whale watching opportunities, with the WWF recognising it as one of the 12 best whale watching spots in the world. See this spectacle on an hour-long flight over Walker Bay and the surrounding Nature Reserve in a light aircraft. Fly over the low cliffs and white sandy beaches dotted with visitors as they watch the Southern Right Whales just metres away from the shore.
For convenience and ultimate comfort stay at Grootbos, a lodge with its own private aircraft, pilots and airstrip allowing for straight forward sightseeing journeys and transfers. A plethora of other activities can be arranged including shark cage diving from a luxury boat with experienced marine biologists. Grootbos also offers riding, guided walks and drives in the reserve, archaeological cave excursions, beach picnics, flower safaris and birding expeditions.
Albee Yeend is Red Savannah's African safari expert and a Safari Awards judge. Her career in travel began accidently after she fell in love with Africa on safari in Zambia. Since then she has travelled extensively in Africa, running luxury safari camps in Zambia and Botswana before returning to the UK.
Both Leobo & Grootbos are among South Africa's top exclusive hideaways as featured in passed Safari Awards and may already be 2015 Safari Awards nominees. Nominate and vote for your favourites.
Tags:Albee Yeend, Grootbos, Leobo, Red Savannah, Safari South Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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News in Hillingdon
Thousands of counterfeit goods seized in day of action
Monday 12 October: Hillingdon Council cracked down on the sale of counterfeit goods in a day of action held on Tuesday 29 September
During the operation, led by officers from the council's trading standards team, more than 10,000 illicit tobacco products were seized, along with other items such as fake Viagra, Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas - which is illegal) and counterfeit 1st class stamps.
Ten off-licences across the borough were visited by trading standards officers following reports of suspected trading of counterfeit goods. Seizures of illegal products were made from six premises. Items seized included a total of 10,500 cigarettes, 5,470g hand rolling tobacco and 6,627g of smokeless tobacco products.
Cllr Douglas Mills, Hillingdon Council's Cabinet Member for Community, Commerce and Regeneration, said: "While the majority of our businesses in Hillingdon operate legitimately, there are unfortunately a minority who think they are above the law, potentially putting unsuspecting customers at risk.
"It's the job of our trading standards team to protect the public from these unscrupulous traders, who put money before the safety of consumers. This day of action has seen potentially dangerous and counterfeit goods taken off our high streets, and further action will follow. We won't hesitate to do the same to anyone else operating like this."
Page last updated: 12 Oct 2020
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Dr. J. Thomas Ungerleider, a UCLA psychiatrist who was among the first researchers to prove the medical benefits of marijuana, has died.
Dr. J. Thomas Ungerleider, a UCLA psychiatrist who was among the first researchers to prove the medical benefits of marijuana, has died. He was 85.
Ungerleider died in his home in Encino on Sept. 19 of complications from Alzheimer's disease, said his son, John Ungerleider.
In the 1970s and 1980s, Ungerleider ran clinical trials that demonstrated marijuana's therapeutic effects for patients with glaucoma and chemotherapy. He also served on President Nixon's National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse, which recommended decriminalizing pot, and became an early champion of treating drug addiction as a public health problem instead of a criminal one.
"He was a real pioneer," said Dr. David Smith, his close friend and colleague who founded the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco.
Ungerleider was born in 1931 in Cleveland to Constance Levison and Harold Ungerleider. He graduated from the University of Michigan and attended medical school and residency at Case Western Reserve University. He then became a U.S. Army captain who served as a base psychiatrist at Fort Ord, Calif.
A few years after Ungerleider started as an assistant professor at UCLA in 1962, people began showing up in the psychiatric ward with hallucinations and anxiety, saying they'd taken a drug no one knew much about: LSD.
Ungerleider was asked to investigate.
He began surveying people who dropped acid at love-ins and at Timothy Leary's ranch in Orange County. He became one of the first researchers to document the adverse effects of LSD, during a time when people like Leary were advocating for its beneficial effects, Smith said.
In the early 1970s, Nixon appointed Ungerleider to the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse, often referred to as the Shafer Commission. The 13-member group traveled around the world for a year studying the effects of pot.
Surprising many, the commission concluded that marijuana wasn't a particularly dangerous drug and that people shouldn't be subject to criminal charges for possessing it, essentially making it legal for use in homes.
The idea that drug use is a public health problem, not a criminal one, was controversial at the time, Smith said, but it has become a blueprint for how we understand addiction today.
Nixon ignored the commission's recommendations and pushed forward with the war on drugs.
John Ungerledier said his father had been a Republican, but because he so strongly opposed the government meddling in people's private choices — in this case, regarding drug usage — he began sometimes voting for Democratic candidates.
"He really had a sense of that being wrong, even if he wasn't somebody who liked to partake," he said.
Ungerleider went on to investigate the medical benefits of marijuana and learned that THC helped ease the negative side effects of chemotherapy and radiation, and could also help reduce the eye pressure that leads to glaucoma.
He wrote in a 1999 paper that marijuana had a "limited but definite role in medicine," and whether it's appropriate for patients should be physicians' decisions, instead of a legal standard.
"We never seem able to grasp the fact that no drug is inherently good or evil," he wrote.
Ungerleider also ran treatment programs throughout the L.A. area for people with substance abuse problems and helped care for homeless with mental health issues.
Therese Andrysiak Van Hoof, who worked with Ungerleider as a nurse for decades, said he did a lot of hands-on work because he wanted to improve the lives of real people.
While speaking on a panel in Woodland Hills in 1967, Ungerleider urged parents to empathize with their kids who wanted to try drugs. He didn't think they were safe — he didn't support legalizing marijuana for recreational use, his son said — but he didn't think they should be so taboo.
"Kids get frightened when we don't tell them what to explore and help them do it. I'm against our ostrich policy, hiding our heads in the sand, refusing to discuss drugs with them, and even forbidding them to discuss the subject. That's terrible," Ungerleider said, according to a Los Angeles Times article.
A girl in the audience then asked for his advice for someone who plans to take drugs.
"God help you," he replied.
In addition to his son, Ungerleider is survived by his wife, Dorothy, his daughter, Shoshana Margoliot, six grandchildren and 14 great-grandchildren.


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Q: ELB nginx - redirect loop I have nodejs app (which works fine locally) behind nginx with following configuration :
00_elastic_beanstalk_proxy.conf
upstream nodejs {
    server 127.0.0.1:8081;
    keepalive 256;
}

server {
    listen 8080;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;

    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://nodejs;
        proxy_set_header   Connection "";
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
        proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP   $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

    gzip on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_types text/html text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascrip$

}

https.conf
server {
    listen   443;
    server_name  localhost;
    ssl                  on;
    ssl_certificate  /etc/pki/tls/certs/server.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/pki/tls/certs/server.key;
    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    ssl_protocols  TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
    location / {
        proxy_pass  http://nodejs;
        proxy_set_header   Connection "";
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
        proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP   $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

I took it over after someone and not sure which part is generated by amazon ELB.
Both nginx & node app is up and I'm getting:
__url__ redirected you too many times.

A: Load balancer was forwarding request over HTTP and that was creating redirect loop.
I've fixed it by adding a check for $http_x_forwarded_proto header around my redirect:
if ($http_x_forwarded_proto != "https") {
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What are some good sources of potassium other that bananas? I'm getting tired of bananas & I don't like to take suppliments. I get severe leg cramps & need all of it I can get.
Sorry, crewsk. No idea. Someone out there with more nutrition knowledge than me will know.
That's ok. I haven't had any leg cramps in about 2 months & I want to keep up that record, but bananas get boring.
Dried apricots are a GREAT source of potassium. I had never eaten one in my life and I picked some up at the grocery store one day because I just "had" to have them - I was getting up every single night and eating about 5 kalamata olives around 3:00 am - had a routine doctor's appointment with routine bloodwork and my potassium was VERY low. It's funny how our bodies tell us what we need. I mean, to crave dried apricots when I didn't even know what they tasted like!!!!!
Those are listed on the site that mudbug posted. After reading the recomended foods, I realized how much stuff I eat has a lot of potassium.
I know what you mean about the body craving things. When I was expecting my son, I craved chicken livers. My iron was low & the doctor put me on iron pills. Well long story short, I didn't take the pills, I started eating chicken livers & my iron went up without even having to take the pills.
rofl kitchenelf. when dw was pregnant and taking pre-natal vitamins, that's all she talked about. forget about trying to choose a name for the boy. funny, now his nickname is the little pooper, or poop for short. i just realized that. lol.
I was on the vitamins too. They are like horse pills!! My daughter was on an iron suppliment when she was born & that was no fun at all!!


In retrospect, it feels like we covered half a hundred topics in that short time. It was more likely just two-dozen or so, but it ran the gamut from smart pricing to promotional strategies, from e-book formatting to the uses of new technology.
I'm sorry to say that we weren't able to video-tape or otherwise capture all of the content of the panel, but I've listed the websites and services below that I could remember from the information blitzkrieg. If you were there and know I've forgotten anything, please say so in the Comments section.
Here's hoping for a reprise soon!
These are sites where self-pub writes can upload their pieces themselves, without help–or control–from anyone else. Note that Smashwords, while also a retailer, distributes to Kobo, Barnes & Noble, Apple/iBooks, Sony, Diesel. It doesn't truly distribute to Amazon despite saying so, and is not necessary for upload to Kobo or B&N (i.e., you can use their own services). It is most helpful for authors trying to reach iBooks and other markets.
There was some confusion regarding the difference between Amazon KDP and Amazon Publishing. The former is Amazon's online publishing service that anyone can use, without charge, to upload their manuscript and sell it on Amazon.
The latter is a true publisher that solicits manuscripts and backs their publication. Unlike KDP, inclusion with Amazon Publishing is by invitation only (agented submissions sometimes accepted). Different genres have different imprints under the Amazon Publishing umbrella. See the links below for the list.
Matchmaking service, brings authors together with audio talent.
Audio book service, owned by Amazon.
This is Smashword's founder and CEO Mark Coker's free guide to cleaning up your manuscript in Word in order for it to make through Smashword's "Meatgrinder" conversion software. Even if you don't plan to publish through Smashwords, this is a helpful guide on how to clean up your manuscript so that it produces fewer errors during other conversions (like Amazon's KDP and Kobo's Writing Life).
Free software to convert a Word or .html document into a .mobi file (helpful for uploading to KDP).
Free software for converting most file type to other file types, such as .epub.
Self-pub and online writers' hangout. Archived threads are indispensable guide.
Reader community. Has ratings and review schema separate from retailers like Amazon. Self-pub writers can join as "Goodreads authors" and (tastefully) promote their books. Allows giveaways of books as a promotional tool for authors (physical books only).
Reader community much like Goodreads. Allows giveaways of e-books as a promotional tool for authors.
Thanks for this Matt. I wish I could've been there. I'm at a point where I need to find an editor (in the process of doing) and cover artist. Thanks for the links and info.
Also, for cover art, do spend some time on Deviantart.com. It can be a little tiresome wading through the art/artists NOT looking for work, but there is a jobs board buried back there and it could be just what you're looking for.
Cheers for the links, Matt. Deviantart I know of. I've been visiting it regularly these last two months looking for artists whose style I like and yeah, there are lots of stuff to go through. Thanks again.
Thanks so much for posting all the links Matt. I had a previous commitment that took me elsewhere for most of the day or I'd have been front row center. I started my publishing imprint in May of 2011 and have done eleven books so far. I learn something new with each one.
Hi Betsy – Thanks for stopping by. I'm sorry you missed the panel; it sounds like you could've added to it significantly! We'll look for you next time.


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Posted on January 8, 2014 January 6, 2014 by AprilR
TODAY'S GUEST AND GIVEAWAY: CARA ELLIOTT, SCANDALOUSLY YOURS….
WE WOULD LIKE TO WELCOME TODAY'S GUEST….
REGENCY HISTORICAL ROMANCE AUTHOR….
{The Hellions of High Street}
~SCANDALOUSLY YOURS~
WELCOME, CARA!!
How hard is it to start on a new series?
CARA: A blank Page One is always intimidating! But it's also exciting to start taking all the fresh new ideas about story plots and characters that have been percolating inside my head and start to translate them into actual words on my computer screen. People ask me if the process ever gets easier—well, the answer is NO! It's a labor of love, but "labor" is truly part of the equation. I spend a lot of time struggling with getting the nuances of my hero and heroine just right, and making sure plot threads don't get hopelessly tangled. But when I type "THE END" the grumbling and tears always feel more than worth it.
What was the appeal of political essays during this period of time for women?
CARA: No matter the era, people are people! Just like to today, there were many smart, savvy, independent-minded women in the Regency, but they had very few rights—they couldn't vote, they couldn't own property, they had very little access to higher education. Imagine how frustrating that must have been! So it's no wonder that they were drawn to the ideas about social reform.
Who would you say helped move forward your writing career the most, family, friends or social media?
CARA: The answer is all three have been important to my career. My family encouraged me to take a chance in following my dream of writing a book. My friends have always, always been there to lift my spirits and see me through the low points of a writer's life (Believe me, a writer's life has lots of roller coaster moments when you doubt yourself and your work.) And social media has been a wonderful way to connect with readers. So I'm grateful for all three!
In today's in tech world, do you find the social media a bit overwhelming and how do you cope with so much information?
CARA: Yes, it's definitely a little overwhelming trying to keep up with blogging, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest . . . These days, just answering e-mails takes a big chunk of time. It's sometimes frustrating, in that all these tasks eat into precious writing time. But all of us authors understand that today self-promotion is part of an author's job description. And the sense of connection it creates with readers is a very positive thing. So for me, it's all about balance—I really try to keep a strict limit on the hours I spend on social media. In the end, I feel my most important job is writing a really good book. If I do that, I hope readers will get the word.
What is on your New Year's resolution list?
CARA: Learn to write faster! That, and maybe get a personal assistant (along with the private jet and writing retreat/vineyard in Tuscany, ha, ha, ha!)
How do you relax after a long day of social media networking, and writing?
CARA: I know this might sound crazy, but I relax by reading! I've been an avid bookworm ever since I was in grade school (my mother used to have to come take away the flashlight I used for reading under the covers on a school night when I was supposed to be sleeping!) For me, getting lost in a story is a perfect way to unwind. I'm not much of a television watcher, but I just got a streaming box for Christmas, so am looking forward to seeing some of the period dramas and old Cary Grant movies that are available Netflix.
What a thrill to have you with us today! Thank you, Cara for stopping by today! Congratulations on your new release!!
SCANDALOUSLY YOURS
Publisher: Forever (January 7, 2014)
Sold by: Hachette Book Group
ASIN: B00D19E04O
*from the publisher*
SCANDALOUSLY YOURS by Cara Elliott
January 7, 2014; Forever E-Book; $5.99; 978-1-4555-7323-3
The eldest of the three Sloane sisters, Olivia is unafraid to question the boundaries of Society-even if it does frequently land her in trouble. Disdaining the glittery world of balls and courtship, Olivia prefers to spend her time writing fiery political essays under a pseudonym for London's leading newspaper. But when her columns attract the attention of the oh-so-proper Earl of Wrexham, Olivia suddenly finds herself dancing on the razor's edge of scandal. With the help of her sisters, she tries to stay one step ahead of trouble . . .
However, after a series of madcap misadventures, Wrexham, a former military hero who is fighting for social reform in Parliament, discovers Olivia's secret. To her surprise, he proposes a temporary alliance to help win passage of his bill. Passion flares between them, but when a political enemy kidnaps the earl's young son, they must make some dangerous decisions . . . and trust that love will conquer all.
NOW FOR YOUR READING PLEASURE:
AN EXCERPT FROM:
"How dare you spy on me, sir!" demanded Olivia, once she had mastered her emotions enough to speak.
He fixed her with a commanding stare, the one that had set many a seasoned soldiers to quaking in their boots. "I would not have had to resort to such tactics if you had shown me the courtesy of answering my letters."
Olivia refused to be intimidated. Lifting her chin, she scowled back at him. "I did answer them."
"With a single word—no."
"And what," she asked with excruciating politeness, "did you not understand about such a simple syllable?"
John couldn't help but admire her grit. It took courage and resourcefulness to play in a man's world. And she played well, he conceded.
Expelling a harried sigh, he felt his anger dissipate just as quickly as it had come. She had no choice but to guard her secret very carefully. "Look, at least hear me out, Miss Sloane. Tracking down The Beacon has led me on a merry dance throughout Town."
Olivia paled at the mention of the nom de plume. Turning abruptly, she plunged off the path and darted around a tangle of holly.
"Wait!" John ducked under the prickly branches, losing his hat in the process.
"Go away!" Her voice was muffled by the overhanging leaves.
"Not until we talk!"
"I've nothing to say to you."
The Devil take it. All but a last little flutter of her skirts disappeared behind a shaggy yew hedge. Swearing under his breath, John cut through a patch of lavender. He hadn't come this far to be rebuffed. She would damn well listen. Or else…
Several long strides brought him within arm's reach of her. "Confound it, Miss Sloane, stop and listen," he called, lunging for her sleeve.
As his fingers seized the fabric, his boot snagged on a twist of morning glory. Pitched off-balance, he stumbled and fell, taking her with him. Tangled together, they hit the ground hard, their momentum rolling them into a patch of pachysandra.
"Ooof!" Olivia's flailing kick caught him square in the shin.
Flat on his back, John got a momentary glimpse of Olivia's irrepressible curls dancing in the breeze before another half turn landed him on his stomach. Burning with embarrassment, he tried to right himself, only to find that she was sprawled across his…posterior.
Bloody hell, he had never felt like a bigger arse in all his life.
They both started wriggling at the same time. He managed to twist face-up just as she slipped on the glossy leaves and fell back down atop him.
"Miss Sloane," he gasped.
"Lord Wrexham," wheezed Olivia, an odd little burr roughening her already throaty voice.
For an instant, he feared she was going to burst into tears.
Instead, she began to laugh.
And laugh.
Scottie was right. It was a delightful sound, its top notes shaded with a rich, sensual echo that seemed to stroke over his skin like a moon-dappled midnight breeze.
A twitch tugged at his lips. His dignity—as well as his coat—was in tatters, his pride was bruised, and though he should not find it at all funny, John felt a rumble vibrate deep in his throat.
Olivia tried to get up again, but her limbs were too weak with mirth. "Good Lord, what a ridiculous picture we must make!" she wheezed in between burbles of laughter.
"Here, let me help you." Levering to his feet, John lifted her up and as she seemed a bit shaky, he kept his hands on her waist.
"Well, it's not every day I take a tumble in the hay with an earl," she quipped.
"Please don't think that I make a habit of ruining a young lady's reputation," he answered.
Her cheeks, already pink from the breeze, turned a lusher shade of red as she looked up and wet her lips.
John felt his body clench. His legendary sang froid began to bubble…His steely self-control went up in smoke…
Olivia flinched as his mouth possessed hers. She was like summer rain against his tongue. So soft, so sweet.
Her hands came up around his neck.
Hell, it would serve him right if she throttled him on the spot.
But then, all of a sudden, she was kissing him back.
In a daze, John twisted around and braced her back against the ivy-covered wall, the glossy leaves crackling under the crush of silk. He was dimly aware of a roaring like cannonfire in his ears, and as his hands slid down to cup her breasts he realized it was the pounding of his own heart.
Knocking all reason to flinders.
A gust of air ruffled his hair, stirring wild, wicked thoughts of her waltzing naked through the trees. In response, his own privy parts began dancing to their own drummer. Thump. Thump. Thump. His pulse was pounding a military tattoo, commanding all soldiers to stand erect.
And Dear God, his Major Organ was responding with unabashed enthusiasm.
Olivia didn't seem disgusted by his display of primitive lust. With a tiny moan, she tightened her hold and hitched her hips into him.
Lud, it felt good. No, better than good.
A bit about the author…
Cara Elliott started writing Western novels at the age of five. However, she traded in her cowboy boots for Regency high-top Hessians after reading Pride and Prejudice in junior high school and hasn't looked back. She graduated from Yale University, and she now lives and works in New York City.
CONNECT & SOCIALIZE!!
Check out "My Thoughts" on "Scandalously Yours":
http://mybookaddictionreviews.com/2014/01/05/review-scandalously-yours-by-cara-elliott/
Now for the…..
~GIVEAWAY ALERT~
(Sponsored by the publisher)
Thanks to Marissa at Grand Central Publishing we are offering 1 lucky commenter a digital copy of the book through NetGalley.
*Please note this giveaway is through Net Galley only*
Giveaway will run from January 8 until January 15, 2014.
Please help us spread the word on this delightful, fun read!
As always, thank you for spending time with us and our guest.
Author's love to hear from readers, so be sure to Connect & Socialize with your favorite author! Also, if you find an author you enjoy, please leave a short or long(up to you,of course) but an honest review. I know the author's will appreciate hearing from you all.
9 Replies to "TODAY'S GUEST AND GIVEAWAY: CARA ELLIOTT, SCANDALOUSLY YOURS…."
I have been wanting to read this novel from the first time I read about its publication. It sounds delightful! Would love to review/promote it on our blog, bookworm2bookworm.
Thanks for the giveaway and interview. It sounds like an interesting plot.
interesting excerpt
I think Olivia sounds like a delightful heroine and I'm looking forward to reading Scandalously Yours.
Karen McDonald says:
in here says:
Smart educator can buy a book review or chance to find basic concepts of modern days culture, using cognition as well as imagination. But anyone at every university expects to get competent assistance as soon as possible he or she can use this creative company for students from any country they live in.
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I love CARA ELLIOTT.I have being riding her books for 5 years.If you need to order some papers at custom
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GodOfEssays says:
Consecutive paragraphs may be linked with terms such as "However" so as to provide a sense
Prosiddertation says:
It is acceptable to use quotations in conclusions but do not introduce new ideas at this stage. Your conclusion is space to give generic context to your specific thesis
and to tie up any loose ends which you feel have occurred during the writing of the essay.
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All this talk of accountability and results suggests we are "raising the bar." However, a closer look at this bill tells us it would be better described as the "No Fuss teacher preparation bill." The bill removes teacher preparation from any sort of university setting, and allows anyone to establish teacher and principal academies with very minimal requirements.
So anyone with a bachelor's degree - actually it does not even specify that - can open a teacher preparation "academy." They need no building, no trained faculty. The credential candidates need have no preparation whatsoever - all that matters is that they pass the state content exams.
(B) does not renew a teacher or principal preparation academy's charter if the academy fails to produce the minimum number or percentage of effective teachers or principals, respectively, identified in the academy's charter.
(7) an assurance that the State will recognize a certificate of completion (from a teacher or principal preparation academy that is not, or is unaffiliated with, an institution of higher education), as at least the equivalent of a master's degree in education for the purposes of teacher or principal hiring, retention, compensation, and promotion in the State.
Got that? Any credential from one of these outfits must be treated as if it were a master's degree.
This bill speaks of great teachers, but removes from the process of becoming a teacher any requirement that candidates actually study teaching in a serious way. All that is demanded is on the job training, and some kind of report after several years showing acceptable levels of student performance.
According to a leading study, 61 percent of education school alumni reported that schools of education at four-year colleges did not adequately prepare their graduates for the classroom. Principals reported that only 30 percent of schools prepare teachers very well or moderately well to meet the needs of students with disabilities and only 16 percent for students with limited English proficiency. Most discouraging is that nearly half of new teachers leave the profession in the first five years.
California responded to some of these concerns related to English learners recently with the very reasonable step of requiring that teacher candidates receive training in working with English Learners. This bill has nothing along those lines, and in fact explicitly says that states cannot place such "unnecessary restrictions" on candidates, and may only require content exams.
In response to concerns about the quality of teacher preparation programs, we are getting a market-driven solution, that removes requirements of quality and academic substance, and replaces them with market mechanisms that rely on test scores to determine quality.
Schools of Education will become an endangered species if this bill becomes law. Market-based "reformers" have long hungered for "disruption" of the "monopoly" that schools of education have had on teacher preparation. This bill would create big incentives for states to allow virtually anyone to set themselves up as a teacher preparation academy.
Some schools of education, it should be noted, are going along with this. The University of Southern California's Rossier School of Education has signed on as a supporter. In another sign of this trend, I received a notice this week of a Teach For America Open Forum that will be held tomorrow at the University of Minnesota, which indicates the school of education there is actively considering developing summer programs and professional development for TFA corps members.
NEA president Dennis Van Roekel may also have helped pave the way when he coauthored an op-ed with Wendy Kopp two years ago on teacher preparation. That column suggested we "Use data to improve teacher preparation." Here is the law tailor made for this purpose. Will the NEA be supporting it?
Our schools of education do not do a perfect job of preparing teachers. There are many ways in which they could improve, especially through closer connections to our schools, and more active use of experienced teachers. But they represent a source of scholarship for the teaching profession, a place where we can learn about child development and pedagogy. They are places where our culture's obsession with data can be actively questioned - and perhaps that is why the reformers have developed a means to take them out of the equation.
What do you think? Will we get GREAT teachers by allowing for these sorts of academies to proliferate? How should we improve teacher preparation?


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Machine, Joe (b.1973)
Joe Machine is an English painter, illustrator and writer. Joe grew up...
Maeder, Suzie (b.1948)
Suzie Maeder was born in Switzerland. In 1969 she moved to London to s...
Magill, Anne (b.1962)
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Mayotte Magnus came to photography fairly late in life after practicin...
Makoveeva, Irina (b.1954)
Irina Makoveeva is considered to be the best animal etching artist in ...
Martin du Mesnil, Dorothee (b.1959)
Dorothée Martin du Mesnil holds exhibitions of her wonderful paintings...
McCall, Charles James (1907-89)
(1907-89) Charles McCall was born in Edinburgh in 1907. Aged twenty-t...
McDonnell, Flora (b.1963)
Lady Flora Mary McDonnell (born 7 November 1963), also known by her ma...
McKechnie, Christine (b. 1943)
b.1943 Christine McKechnie trained at Southampton in the United Kingdo...
Mileham, Harry (1873-1957)
(1873-1957) Recognised as a greatly talented student in the 1890s, Har...
Molyneux, Lynn Michelle (20th Century)
Michelle Molyneux's development of the medium of photo-collage came as...
Moore, Brenda (1909-95)
(1909-95) The aim of Brenda Moore is to supply the viewer with multipl...
More Gordon, Harry (1928-2015)
As a young man Harry More Gordon worked as a graphic artist and freela...
Morel, Olivier (b.1964)
Painter, engraver and sculptor, Olivier Morel was born in 1964 in Pari...
Morgan, Glyn (1926-2015)
As David Thompson (formerly Art Critic of The Times) states: "Glyn Mor...
Morris, Cedric (1889-1982)
Sir Cedric Lockwood Morris was a British artist, art teacher and plant...
Morrocco, Leon (b.1942)
b.1942 Leon Morrocco is a Scottish artist with Italian roots. Having s...
Motley Jr., Archibald J. (1891-1981)
Archibald J. Motley, Jr. was born in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1891 to...
Mumford, Alice
Born in Columbia in 1965, Mumford studied a Falmouth College of Art (1...
Murdoch, Nina (b.1970)
Nina Murdoch is a British Postwar & Contemporary artist who was born i...


Cédric Villani tackles perplexing problems in mathematical physics, analysis and geometry with rigor, wit and a signature personal style.
His Byronesque hair, colorful ascots and spider brooches have earned Cédric Villani the nickname "the Lady Gaga of Mathematics." But this moniker has not obscured Villani's deeper, serious mission: inspiring students to delve into the mysteries of mathematics.
Villani's fame is based on his work resolving difficult problems of kinetic theory, for which he received the Fields Medal in 2010. His book Birth of a Theorem is an exhilarating journey into the nocturnal dilemmas of mathematicians hot on the trail of discovery.


Five Djays remix music history. This documentary is following DJ Premier, Mark Ronson, Skrillex, Pretty Lights and The Crystal Method as they remix, recreate and re-imagine five traditional styles of music. They transform a range of music from classical to R&B which these DJ's generally don't remix. The sound that is created is genius, and show that although not traditional DJ's are definitely musicians.
DJ Premier's new Classical remix for RE:GENERATION featuring Nas and the Berklee Symphony Orchestra.
Pretty Lights' "Wayfaring Stranger" featuring LeAnn Rimes and Dr. Ralph Stanley for RE:GENERATION.
Skrillex's new Rock remix for RE:GENERATION featuring Members of The Doors.


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Misuse of over-the-counter painkillers 'costing Australia millions'
Last updated January 31, 2018 at 1:42 pm
Topics: The Body
A University of South Australia study looking at the health impacts of over-the-counter painkillers has revealed the high costs of the nation's growing dependency on codeine.
The results of the study appear to justify a Federal Government decision to ban over-the-counter (OTC) access to combination painkillers containing codeine (CACC) from Australian pharmacies from 1 February 2018.
After that date, these products will only be available on prescription.
In a five-year review of hospital admissions relating to the misuse of OTC painkillers containing codeine, UniSA researchers identified a million dollar cost for the health care system.
Lead investigator Dr Jacinta Johnson said "serious misuse" of codeine-combination products such as Nurofen Plus, Panadeine Extra and Mersyndol had led to increasing numbers of people being admitted to hospital with stomach ulcers and gastric bleeding, and acute kidney and liver failure.
Dr Johnson, a lecturer in UniSA's School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, led the Australian-first study analysing the costs of 99 hospital admissions related to over-the-counter combination painkillers containing codeine (OTC-CACC) from 2010-2015 at a South Australian Hospital.
Thirty patients – many with multiple readmissions – cost taxpayers an average of $10,000 per hospital stay, amounting to a million dollar bill.
Almost 70 per cent were admitted with health issues relating to taking excessive amounts of ibuprofen-codeine products, while 20 per cent reported using paracetamol-codeine products and almost 9.4 per cent used both. In some cases patients were taking up to 90 tablets a day – the average was 28 which is almost five times the recommended daily dose.
Health costs were blown out by many patients' initial reluctance to admit to using excessive doses of OTC-CACC products when admitted to hospital, leading to difficulties and delays in diagnosis and high readmission rates.
Of the 30 patients surveyed, 83 per cent were women, with an average age of 36, and 60 per cent were from low socio-economic areas. The majority were also smokers.
People used the codeine-combined painkillers mainly for back pain, migraine and headaches.
"Apart from serious health issues relating to misuse of these over-the-counter painkillers, data shows us that lower doses of codeine found in OTC combination products don't actually provide any additional pain relief," Dr Johnson says.
"There is no clear evidence that taking a low dose of codeine in combination with paracetamol or ibuprofen is any better than just taking the single-ingredient products without the codeine."
This is the first study in Australia to look at the costs associated with hospital admissions due to the misuse of OTC-CACC products.
"When the Therapeutic Goods Administration announced its decision to reschedule all low dose CACC preparations to prescription-only, there were some arguments made against the move," Dr Johnson said.
"It is possible that doctor visits will spike, adding costs to Medicare. That remains to be seen and will no doubt be analysed in due course."
"Counting the cost of over-the-counter codeine containing analgesic misuse: A retrospective review of hospital admissions over a 5-year period" is published in the Drug and Alcohol Review.
The paper is authored by Dr Jacinta Johnson and Dr Libby Hotham from UniSA's School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Deanna Mill from SA Health, and Dr Victoria Cock and Emily Monaghan from Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia.
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Candy Gibson
The University of South Australia is Australia's University of Enterprise. Our culture of innovation is anchored around global and national links to academic, research and industry partners. Our graduates are the new urban professionals, global citizens at ease with the world and ready to create and respond to change. Our research is inventive and adventurous and we create new knowledge that is central to global economic and social prosperity.
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This topic contains 3 replies, has 3 voices, and was last updated by Bearkat 1 month, 1 week ago.
I have an Aurora Canvas Aqualon cover that is 8 months old. It fits a single console, 52″ Ultrex, and dual bow graphs. The cover is in excellent condition. I have used it for travel only, not outside storage. These sell new for $895 through BCB. I'm asking $600 via PayPal plus actual shipping fees. The shipping weight is 22 lbs.
Sorry I have not checked in lately. The cover sold last weekend.


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Omobranchus robertsi is a species of combtooth blenny found in the western central Pacific ocean, around Papua New Guinea. The specific name honours Tyson R. Roberts, the American ichthyologist.

References

robertsi
Fish described in 1981
Taxa named by Victor G. Springer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="node_modules/react/dist/react.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="2.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: JavaScript - Storing cross-origin images locally (from XML-url) as blobs for web app I am creating a web application for offline use that will display items and images accordingly.
I am fetching the displayed data from an XML-file (shown below) and storing it in an IndexedDB:
<product>
    <title>Item Title</title>
    <price>$100</price>
    <description>
         product description
    </description>
    <image-url>
         http://url-to-img.png
    </image-url>
    <sku>12345678</sku>
</product>

I have tried converting the images with .JSON as well as XMLHttpRequest, but I recieve the "No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource"-error since the images are stored online (I cannot change the access control on the source server, unfortunately).
I am a bit clueless on how to proceed to be able to store the images locally since I do not have that much of experience in these kinds of projects. How would the best way to tackle this problem be?
Answers are much appreciated.


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Erling Sven Lorentzen (ur. 28 stycznia 1923 w Oslo, zm. 9 marca 2021 tamże) – norweski przedsiębiorca, mieszkający przez wiele lat w Brazylii, mąż norweskiej księżniczki Ragnhildy.

Zarys biografii
Jego rodzicami byli Øivind Lorentzen (1881–1980) – armator i Ragna Nilsen (1885–1976).

15 maja 1953 poślubił księżniczkę norweską Ragnhildę (ur. 1930), najstarszą córkę Olafa V (1903–1991) i księżnej Marty (1901–1954). Para ma troje dzieci:
 Haakon Lorentzen (ur. 1954). Poślubił 14 kwietnia 1982 Marthe Carvalho de Freitas (ur. 1958). Para ma troje dzieci:
 Olav Lorentzen (ur. 1985)
 Christian Lorentzen (ur. 1988)
 Sophia Lorentzen (ur. 1994)
 Ingeborg Lorentzen (ur. 1957). Poślubiła 4 czerwca 1982 Paulo Césara Ribeiro Filho (ur. 1956). Para ma jedną córkę:
 Victoria Lorentzen Ribeiro (ur. 1988)
 Ragnhild Alexandra Lorentzen (ur. 1968). Poślubiła 21 listopada 2003 Aarona Longa. Para ma jedną córkę:
 Alexandra Lorentzen Long (ur. 2007)

Przypisy

Norwescy przedsiębiorcy
Odznaczeni Orderem Krzyża Południa
Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Olafa
Uczestnicy II wojny światowej
Ludzie urodzeni w Oslo
Urodzeni w 1923
Zmarli w 2021


Often described as "a clown in the cloak of a philosopher," the French Bulldog originated as, and continues to be used as a companion dog. The breed is small and muscular with heavy bone structure, a smooth coat, a short face and trademark "bat" ears. Prized for their affectionate natures and even dispositions, they are generally active and alert, but not unduly boisterous. Frenchies can be brindle, fawn, white, and brindle and white.
Lacemakers in 19th Century Nottingham, England selectively bred the early bulldog for a downsized or "toy" bulldog, for use as a lap pet. When the Industrial Revolution displaced some lacemakers to France, they took the dogs with them, and soon the "toy" bulldogs became popular in France, where wealthy Americans doing the Grand Tour saw and fell in love with them. In the late 1800s these "toy bulldogs" became known as French Bulldogs.
Non-Sporting Group; AKC recognized in 1898.
Must weigh 28 pounds or less.
Do you think the French Bulldog puppy would make the best companion for you and your family? Check out our available puppies page to see all of our French Bulldog puppies for sale!
Are you interested in purchasing a French Bulldog?


Whether you're taking in the dramatic water views or boating the Rivers, this exceptional Brick Transitional on 5.2 Acres along the shores of the Corrotoman River has it all. Featuring 4 Bedrooms, 3 Full Baths and one Powder Room. Spacious, Custom Chef's Kitchen and Great Room with Wall of Windows, Vaulted Ceilings and Fireplace. Open Floor plan is ideal for Seamless Indoor to Outdoor Entertaining. First floor Master Suite with Private Balcony, three Lower Level Bedrooms plus Family Room with Wet Bar and Fireplace. Ideal Waterside Living with Spacious Waterside Decks, Deep Water Dock with Sitting Area, Boat Lift and Mooring. Attached Garage and Detached Barn with Drive Through Garage and Workshop. Escape to Wide Water Views & Beautiful Natural Surroundings at this Private River Home. Boat Lift Conveys As-Is.


Maricopa County Added More Residents Than Any Other in U.S.
Maricopa County grew more than any other county in the nation between 2016 and 2017, according to the latest U.S. Census Bureau estimates. The county added 73,650 residents, far more than 2nd-place Clark County, Nevada, which added 47,355 residents. Maricopa maintained its position from the previous year of 4th largest county in the nation.
On a percentage basis, however, Maricopa County was far below the 10 fastest-growing in the nation. Maricopa grew by 1.7 percent, whereas 10 other counties—mostly smaller ones—grew by 4.2 percent or more.
The census bureau sliced the stats several ways. Among metro areas, Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale came in at No. 4 in sheer number of new residents, growing by 88,772 in 2017 vs. 2016. Again, smaller cities dominated the growth on a percentage basis.
The statistics, released today, were based on estimates as of July 1, 2017.


It has been a long night. Me and my hot cocoa only have a few minutes before we turn in early. Ho Ho Ho. But I thought I would take time for just one more story. Back in the throne room of Heaven plans were being made to announce the birth of one very special child. Michael, one of the angels, had just finished describing his heavenly display of comets and falling stars. Gabriel, a different angel, went on about his music plans, a great angelic choir of tens of thousands of voices, tuned with heavens finest and latest harmonies - ready to serenade the Earth. But God interrupted their conversation. "No," he said, "that is not really what I had in mind. I planned a small family gathering, actually, we don't need all those trimmings." "But all my stars," said Michael, "what will I do with them?" "And my music?" Gabriel added. "Father, let us do something, please," Michael pleaded. "He just can't go unannounced." "Well, alright," God said. "Gabriel, a few angels. And Michael, just one star." Merry Christmas.
We come from many backgrounds, different places, a variety of cultures, some are old some are young. We are not all the same, and then again yes we are. We all look for hope, love and we pray for peace.This Christmas my many Santa helpers, this is what I pray for.May we awaken on Christmas morning as children, smitten by wonder and simple surprise. Today, let us give with grace and receive with thanks. May we remember that all the children on the earth are our family. Together, let can carry the warm heart fire to every home.Well it's that time and I must be on my way. Remember get to bed early and if you have a little milk and maybe a cookie leave it out on the counter for me. I can't wait to see you tonight. Merry Christmas.
A star to every wandering boat, or bark as Willy Shakespeare would put it; bark because boats are made out of wood. I love language – the subtlety of it. The words chosen by those mysterious poets that write our Christmas cards. Even more significant are the words personally written down by the giver of the card. Christmas can be a glorious time of the year, and in moments it can be very painful – to see others joyous as something has caused you anguish. You know the explorers, when they crossed the great ocean looking for the new world, would follow the stars. But just like all of us, there were times when they lost the star that gave them direction. Of course, they kept going, they couldn't just stop in the middle of the ocean. What makes a star disappear? I supposed clouds could get in the way and block it from view; or maybe the day gets too bright all around us – it is hard to see a star at noon. Just because the star is out of sight, doesn't mean it's gone. And for those of you with pain this Christmas, my love go out to you. And just a gentle reminder, sometimes happiness requires a little effort. Be the Santa in you. Merry Christmas.
Santa is not normally a name, it's a title: Latin, for Saint; normally a term given to someone who gives their life for the good of others. The first time I was called Santa, I knew myself to be undeserving. And even today, I am humbled by the sentiment. But I believe we are all called to this pursuit. This Christmas, when the song of the angels is stilled, when the star in the sky is gone, when the kings and princes are home, when the shepherds are back with their flock, then the work of Christmas begins: to find the lost, to heal the broken, to feed the hungry, to bring peace among brothers. Let us come together as one to care for all the children on the Earth. Be the Santa in you. Merry Christmas.
Santa, All I want for Christmas is…for my little sister to disappear.more diapers for my baby brother – my mother says he is 90% liquid.A hundred pound box of $1,000 bills.Nothing selfish for me, just something plain and simple for my mother.A son in law.I remember a little boy who wanted Rudolph for Christmas, and although it breaks my heart, often people ask for gifts that are not within my right to give. Sometimes people ask for gifts that just simply wouldn't be good for them. Remember, sometimes the gift is the present you never receive. Be the Santa in You. Merry Christmas.


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Home > Research > Publications & Outputs > Making Respected Gentlemen out of Law Professor...
Associated organisational units
Centre for Law and Society
Dynamics of Memories
legal education , jurists, Dicey, legal scholarship
Making Respected Gentlemen out of Law Professors. A Commentary on Albert Venn Dicey, Can English Law Be Taught at the Universities (1883)
Kultur und Beruf in Europa
One striking difference between the English and Continental European legal traditions is that English legal education has been organised and controlled by the legal profession, rather than universities. Until the late 20th century, most English lawyers, and the vast majority of England's higher judiciary, learnt their law as apprentice-lawyers in practice, and as a consequence of the legal professions' examination requirements , rather than at university. Intellectually, the position of law within the university was highly contested. Significant elements within the legal profession were hostile to academic law and those lawyers who graduated from university, especially barristers, tended not to study law. Scholars in other disciplines were sceptical about Law's potential contribution to academia. Legal practitioners and academics in other disciplines tended to regard law as a practical subject, like plumbing, and best learnt in practice. Law schools were frequently regarded as intellectually inferior to the better established disciplines within the university firmament, such as classics, mathematics and science.
It was this collective distain for university legal education that Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922) confronted in his inaugural lecture as Vinerian Professor of Law at the University of Oxford, entitled "Can English Law Be Taught at the University?' (1883).Dicey's measured denunciation of contemporary legal education followed the charges already levelled in parliamentary reports and debates, newspapers and magazines, notably, highly critical government reports of 1846 and 1854 - charges that almost invariably emphasised the invidious comparison between legal education in England, and that in Continental Europe and the United States. Thus, Dicey's lecture drew upon a pre-existing linguistic repertoire and rhetoric to underpin his arguments.
From a comparative perspective, Dicey's inaugural lecture was one of several such clarion calls. It was part of a transnational movement, associated with the period circa 1850-1914, that sought to establish a particular form of modern university law school and of liberal legal science that became the "orthodoxy" of modern legal education and scholarship.
Dicey was obsessed with the inferior status of university law teachers relative to the established professions, and in particular, the legal elite. His recurrent discontent with the world of legal practice was personal: originally, Dicey had sought and failed to establish a career at the Bar, in the hope that it would provide a springboard into the world of politics. His failure to win distinction in legal practice is a significant context for understanding his transition from would-be barrister-politician and senior judge to Dicey the Vinerian Professor of English Law. On the one hand, Dicey's dissatisfaction with his experience at the Bar, and the Bar as an institution, was evident in his earliest publications , where he attacked the Bar's culture of patronage, deference and restrictive practices – criticisms which provide part of the background to his inaugural Lecture. On the other hand, Dicey never ceased aspiring to membership of the imperial class to which elite legal practitioners and senior judges belonged.
Dicey's struggle to accommodate legal practitioners, and to gain admittance to the upper echelons of the profession, came at a cost. By defining the province of the university law school in such narrowly positivistic terms, and ceding "reality" to the exclusive competence of legal practitioners, Dicey's inaugural lecture embodied and ratified a conception of legal education and scholarship that does not take full account of the institutional, practical, moral, political and historical foundations of law. Although Dicey was among a generation of university law teachers who ultimately fostered a closer rapport between university legal education and practising lawyers, he was not interested in bringing other disciplines, such as history, politics, sociology and anthropology, into the law school.


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NASCAR 1000Bulbs.com 500 Predictions 10/13/19
Drew Sharper
1000Bulbs.com Predictions
The second stage of the 2019 NASCAR postseason continues on the fast track at Talladega today with the running of the 1000Bulbs.com 500. Here's three drivers we like to contend for the victory.
According to the latest oddsmakers, Joey Logano is the favorite to win, as he has 7/1 odds. Other short odds to win are Brad Keselowski (10/1), Chase Elliott (10/1) and Denny Hamlin (12/1). The 1000Bulbs.com 500 is set to take place today at 2PM ET from Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama
Bet on NASCAR Odds
52101 Joey Logano 7/1
Joey Logano finds himself on the outside looking in for the third stage right now, as he sits just on the edge in ninth place. Logano needs a strong run today and Talladega has been a good track for him. He is a three-time winner here and has an average finish of 16.4 over 21 races. Logano has finished 10th or worse in three straight and in eight of his last 10 races. He needs a spark and I think it can come today.
52103 Chase Elliott 10/1
Elliott is coming off a rough showing last weekend, but he did win the fall race at Talladega and comes into the track with some decent numbers. His driver rating at the track is 93.4, which ranks tops in today's field. He currently sits 11th in the standings, so he needs a strong run today to push himself into the top 8 and improve his chances to advance to the third stage after next week's race. Like anyone, he will need to stay away from the big wreck today. If he can, he should be amongst the top drivers.
52114 William Byron 20/1
If you really are looking for a longshot, Byron is a good play today. His numbers at Talladega aren't great, but he is a young driver that has shown improvement throughout the year and I expect today to be his best finish at the track yet. He's currently eighth in the point standings, so he's in need of a good run today to keep a talented pack in 9-12th place behind him. Byron may be too young to know any better that he's not supposed to be in the championship mix, so I expect him to be aggressive and make a run at the win. With such long odds, he could provide a huge payoff.
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BlackVPN Review
February 1, 2016 August 14, 2014 by VPNCRITIC
Review of: Blackvpn
Vpn Critic
Last modified:February 1, 2016
BlackVPN was founded in 2009 and the company was originally based in The Netherlands. In 2012, the company moved to Hong Kong, in order to prevent NSA monitoring and infiltration, as well as to avoid secret court orders. This shows how serious is BlackVPN's commitment to ensure that the privacy of its customers is protected and that they can truly enjoy online freedom. BlackVPN is aware of the threat that the NSA scrutiny represents for companies that operate in the US, particularly VPN providers. It is not coincidence that they chose Hong Kong to set up their headquarters, after all this is where Edward Snowden made its revelations about the NSA's surveillance programs. The team that conforms BlackVPN counts with an extensive IT experience, which is applied to help protect users' online freedom and privacy. With such a strong dedication to ensure that you can maintain your anonymity on internet, BlackVPN sounds like the ideal solution for users that feel strongly about their right to privacy. We will take a closer look to BlackVPN to find out if they truly deliver a service, that allows you to claim back your freedom to enjoy internet without any fear.
One of the things that BlackVPN does best is providing comprehensive information that will help you to install their VPN service easily and without issues. There are useful guides available for every platform and device supported including Windows, Linux, Mac OSX, Android, iOS, DD-WRT Routers and pdSense. The protocols offered are PPTP, L2TP/IPsec and OpenVPN. PPTP is included in most operating systems and mobile platforms but it comes with a low level of security. L2TP/IPsec is the best option for mobile devices and it is more secure than PPTP.
OpenVPN is recognized as the safest and most reliable choice and it offers great speed, particularly with PCs. With this protocol, BlackVPN offers a high level of encryption of AES-256 with 2048-bit keys. BlackVPN provides instructions to set up each protocol in the platforms that are compatible with their service. The step by step guides are clear and easy to follow, ensuring that all their customers can properly configure the settings required to use their service.
BlackVPN has created a solid set of plans that are designed to suit the needs of every user. You will be able to find a plan that covers all your requirements and that adapts to the way you use internet. The packages in offer are Global Package, TV Package, Privacy Package and Single Server. The Global Package is the most comprehensive options as it offers access to all the servers in the network and it allows you to switch between them whenever you want. All the traffic is protected with a top level of encryption, ensuring your anonymity is maintained and you can use it on all systems. The price of this package per one month is €9.50, three months cost €27 and a full year subscription costs €99.
The TV package is ideal for anyone that is mainly interested in streaming online content. This plan will give you access to BlackVPN's servers in Singapore, United Kingdom and United States, which will allow you to watch content from services like Hulu and BBC iPlayer. You can switch between servers without limits and your connection is encrypted and secure. The cost for the TV package is €7.50 per month, while three months cost €20 and one year, €75. For an additional charge of €1, you can get a Swiss server included in this package.
The Privacy Package is suitable for those who are particularly concerned about their anonymity online and that want to ensure that they can access websites and download content securely. This package allows access to servers in 9 countries including Panama, Estonia, Ukraine, Canada and Lithuania. As with the other packages, you can switch between servers as much as you want and all your traffic is encrypted. One month of this package costs €5, 3 months cost €13 and the total cost for one year is €49. These are the same prices for the Single Server plan, which only lets you access one server of your choice. Even though BlackVPN does not offer free trials, all the plans come with a 14-day money back guarantee and you can get a refund during that time, without any questions asked.
In terms of speed, BlackVPN stands out by offering impressive performance and stability, which is why it is a great option for anyone that wants to stream TV series or films. With BlackVPN, users can enjoy unlimited bandwidth that will allow them to fully enjoy all the possibilities that internet has to offer. From online gaming and downloading movies (through specific servers) to online video calls, you will be able to enjoy a fast and strong service. Usually, when you are connecting to internet with a VPN, the speed of your connection to be affected. However, online browsing with BlackVPN, feels almost as if you were using through your regular internet connection and you will not experience a significant slowdown. The company also stays true to its commitment with privacy, offering a no logging policy. BlackVPN also powers readthenburn.com, a site which allows you to communicate privately. Simply enter a message, share a secret code and once the message is read, it will self-destruct.
Location and Performance
BlackVPN has servers in United States, Panama, Estonia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Russia, Switzerland, Singapore, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Canada but only the Global Package gives you access to all of them. Keep in mind that P2P is not allowed in UK, US or Singapore servers and even though the company does not keep logs of your traffic, in these servers they may assign specific IP addresses to users and will follow up on any copyright infringement reports received.
BlackVPN's customer support team can be contacted through email ticket system and you can select the best option for your query. Ticket/ contact form is the only way to reach out to them and while their response was helpful and took only a few hours, we would prefer to see options such as live chat or a faster response to ensure that any urgent issues can be addressed in a timely manner. In the meantime, the fact that BlackVPN's website offers a large selection of guides, means that users may be able to find a solution without requiring further assistance.
The main highlight of BlackVPN is its speed and its what makes it an ideal option for users that are looking to stream media content. The company also offers a website that is easy to navigate and that offers a great deal of information. Another good point is that the company donates 10% of every Privacy Package to the EFF, the Electronic Frontier Foundation , which aims to protect your rights to online privacy. This is a VPN provider that offers a solid service that will suit many users.
Categories Reviews Tags blackvpn
IPredator Review


G & G MAGNI FIORI S.A.S.
I FIORI DEI NOE'DI MARTINA P.
IL CHIOSCO SAS DI DELLEPIANE MARIA ALBA E C.
L'AMAZZONIA IN LIGURIA DI VALMORI DE CAMPOS C.A.
LA PRIMULA ROSSA SNC DI JAMONE MIRELLA & C.
I FIORI DI CARLA DI SCOTTO FRANCESCA & MANZOLILLO ANTONIO S.N.C.
LISIFIORI S.A.S. DI SICBALDI ANNAMARIA & C.
TEMA SAS DI MARIA TERESA FIOCCHETTI E C.


Our Panko Mango is a sensational taste of summer! Strips of soft chicken coated in coconut and crispy panko breadcrumbs rolled with fresh fruit mango, leafy salad and carrot strings all in a mild chilli dressing. Fruity and delicious!


text:
\section{Introduction}
Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars represent a decisive part within the evolution of low and intermediate mass stars.
These high luminosity, cool objects contribute significantly to the metal content of their host galaxy by various nucleosynthesis processes in their interior, deep mixing events, and strong mass loss.
The first two points modify the surface composition -- even changing the chemistry from O-rich to C-rich -- which affects the mass loss.
All these contributions depend on the stellar parameters, in particular the stars' masses.

To study the role of AGB stars for the evolution of galaxies, it is important to reliably identify and characterize (mass, chemistry) them within a stellar population.
AGB stars show a typical variability pattern with long periods of several ten to several hundred days and moderate to large light amplitudes in particular in the visual range.
These variables form the class of the long period variables (LPVs) which also includes other cool, evolved stars like red supergiants or stars at the tip of the Red Giant Branch (RGB).
This kind of variability is easily detectable even in other galaxies.
Thus, LPVs define an excellent sample of AGB stars.

Major advances in the understanding of AGB stars were often related to large surveys in various photometric bands.
Monitoring surveys like MACHO \citep{1999IAUS..191..151W} and OGLE \citep[e.g.][]{2009AcA....59..239S} and others delivered excellent samples of AGB stars for various galaxies and the Galactic Bulge.
With the advent of the \textit{Gaia}\xspace mission \citep{2016A&A...595A...1G}, a new era is starting.
The all-sky nature of the \textit{Gaia}\xspace survey, the high spatial resolution of $\sim$0.4~arcsec, the provision of parallaxes, the availability of three photometric bands providing wide \ensuremath{G}\xspace, blue \ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace and red \ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace magnitudes for more than 1.5~billion stars, from very bright (few magnitudes in \ensuremath{G}\xspace) to as faint as $\ensuremath{G}\xspace \simeq 20.7$~mag, and the provision of time series in all three bands for all the stars, not mentioning the expected provision of radial velocity and astrophysical parameters for stars brighter than $\ensuremath{G}\xspace \simeq 16$~mag, are some of the unique advantages of the survey.

In \textit{Gaia}\xspace data release 2 \citep[DR2,][]{Brown_etal18},
the first \textit{Gaia}\xspace catalog of LPVs with \ensuremath{G}\xspace-band variability amplitudes larger than 0.2~mag (measured by the 5--95\% quantile range of the \ensuremath{G}\xspace time series) has been published \citep{2018LPV_DR2}.
It contains 151\,761 candidates.
As a first step in the analysis of this unique dataset, we study in this Letter the \textit{Gaia}\xspace DR2 LPVs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (\object{LMC}).

The above mentioned task of identification and distinction of various groups of stars among the LPVs is challenging because the upper giant branch represents a mixture of objects of various masses and evolutionary stages.
In this letter we present a new method for an efficient identification of stars of different mass and chemistry based on \textit{Gaia}\xspace and 2MASS photometry.

\section{LPV characterization using \textit{Gaia}\xspace and 2MASS photometry}
\label{Sect:LPVcharacterization}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{figLMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP_1p3.png}
\caption{$(W_{RP,BP-RP}-W_{K_s,J-K_s})$ versus $K_s$ diagram of \textit{Gaia}\xspace DR2 LPVs in the LMC.
         The markers are coloured with $\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace$ according to the colour-scale shown on the right of the figure.
         The solid line delineates O-rich (left of the line) and C-rich (right of the line) stars, and dashed lines delineate sub-groups as indicated in the figure.
         The definition of the borderlines are given in Appendix~\ref{Sect:Wesenheit_Gaia}.
        }
\label{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP}
\end{figure}

The most efficient way to distinguish various types of stars in large samples like a galaxy is via photometry.
Frequently used in this context is the distinction between O-rich and C-rich stars by using near-infrared photometry ($J-K_s$) from the 2MASS all sky catalogue \citep{2006AJ....131.1163S}.
Cross-matches within a search radius of 1$\arcsec$ between \textit{Gaia}\xspace and 2MASS sky positions could be obtained for all the 11\,022 \textit{Gaia}\xspace LMC LPVs studied here (see below for the selection of LMC candidates), except for only seven candidates.

The $K_s$-band is a quite good representative of the bolometric magnitude for red giants.
To have a reddening free magnitude, we utilized the near infrared Wesenheit function $W_{K,J-K} = K_s - 0.686\,\cdot\,(J-K)$ \citep[in the following $W_K$, see][]{2005AcA....55..331S}.
Several authors have already used $W_K$, e.g.~for the construction of  period-luminosity diagrams of LPVs \citep[e.g.][]{2017ApJ...847..139T}.

The intrinsic colour spread of red giant stars being relatively small in the infrared -- except for large values of circumstellar reddening when gas and dust expelled from the star surround the object
--, the Wesenheit function $W_K$ can adequately correct for interstellar reddening using $J-K_s$, since interstellar reddening impacts both the $K_s$ magnitude and the $J-K_s$ color.

In the visual range, the colour of red giants is very sensitive to the surface temperature, and there is a large intrinsic visual colour spread in a population of red giants.
This is in particular the case for the \textit{Gaia}\xspace $\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace$ colour that we use in this study, since
$\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace$ is strongly affected by the temperature sensitivity of molecules dominating these wavelength ranges.
The molecules present in the atmosphere depend on the C/O ratio.
Therefore, a degeneracy exists between interstellar reddening, circumstellar reddening, chemistry, and temperature differences at a given luminosity.
By using Wesenheit functions, we can eliminate the interstellar reddening component (and much of the circumstellar reddening component) from this degeneracy.

We now define the Wesenheit function $W_{RP}$, a reddening-free combination of \ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace and \ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace magnitudes.
The factor multiplying $(\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace)$ in $W_{RP}$ can be computed using the interstellar extinction data provided by \citet{1998ApJ...500..525S}, adapted for the BP and RP filter curves.
As a result\footnote{We use the median values of \ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace and \ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace provided in \texttt{gaiadr2.vari\_time\_series\_statistics} at \url{https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/}}, we get
\begin{equation}
   W_{RP} = \ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace - 1.3\,\cdot\,(\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace).
\end{equation}
In LPVs,
$W_{RP}$ combines temperature, chemistry (O- or C-rich), reddening and brightness information.
This is not the case for $W_K$, the colour $J-K_s$ being much less sensitive to the surface temperatures and chemistry of LPVs than $\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace$ is.
We will come back to this point below.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{figLMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK_1p3.png}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP}, but with the markers coloured with $J-K_s$ according to the colour-scale shown on the right of the figure.
        }
\label{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}
\end{figure}

In a next step we attempted to combine the three quantities $K_s$, $W_{RP}$ and $W_K$ in a 2-dimensional diagram by combining $W_{RP}$ and $W_K$.
In Fig.\,\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} we plot $W_{RP}-W_K$ on the x-axis and  $K_s$ on the y-axis for all \textit{Gaia}\xspace DR2 LPVs identified in the LMC.
The selection of members is based on
sky position ($ 50^{\circ} < \alpha < 105^{\circ}$ and $-77^{\circ} < \delta < -61^{\circ}$),
proper motion ($ 1.2 < \mu_\alpha^* < 2.5$ and $-0.8 < \mu_\delta < 1.5$, in mas/yr)
and parallaxes ($\varpi < 0.5$~mas),
which results in 11\,022 LMC candidates.
As described in more detail in Appendix \ref{Sect:Wesenheit_Gaia}, it is important to understand that  Fig.\,\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} is not a CMD in the classical sense since the bluest objects are located in the middle of the diagram, around $W_{RP}-W_K=0.8$~mag for the LMC, and the objects are getting redder towards both sides of the diagram.
This is illustrated, for the left side of the diagram, in Fig.\,\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} where the colour-coding of the points shows that the stars have an increasing $\ensuremath{G_{\rm BP}}\xspace-\ensuremath{G_{\rm RP}}\xspace$ colour (they become redder) when $W_{RP}-W_K$ decreases to values below $W_{RP}-W_K=0.8$~mag.
Figure~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}, on the other hand, which plots the same diagram but with a colour-code related to $J-K_s$, shows that, on the right side of the diagram, stars have an increasing $J-K_s$ colour (they also become redder) when $W_{RP}-W_K$ increases to larger values above $W_{RP}-W_K = 0.8$~mag.

\section{Applications of the index $W_{RP}-W_K$}
The $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram turns out to be a very powerful tool to discriminate between various types of AGB stars.
This mainly results from two facts.
First is the fact that C-rich stars are distinguished from O-rich stars from their redder $J-K_s$ colours \citep[e.g.][]{2003A&A...403..225M}%
\footnote{The \textit{Gaia}\xspace pipeline did not discriminate between C and M type stars in DR2 \citep{2018LPV_DR2}}.
In the $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$  diagram, this implies that C-rich stars will be located on the right side of the diagram, at $W_{RP}-W_K \gtrsim 0.8$~mag for the LMC (as confirmed from the location of these stars in the 2MASS colour-magnitude diagram, see below), while O-rich stars are expected to be on the left at $W_{RP}-W_K \lesssim 0.8$~mag.
This nice discrimination between C-rich and O-rich chemistry in the diagram is a consequence of distinct molecular absorption features present in the spectra of these two types of stars (see Appendix~\ref{Sect:Wesenheit_Gaia} for more details).
The second fact that allows to discriminate various types of AGB stars in the diagram is related to their specific evolution properties as a function of their initial stellar mass, $M_i$.
Schematically, AGB stars evolve to C-rich stars only for initial stellar masses above a given threshold\footnote{The mass limit for the formation of C-rich stars significantly depends on model details, in particular the third dredge-up efficiency, and varies from author to author. Here we report the results from our ongoing calibration of the TP-AGB phase.} \citep[$M_i \gtrsim$ \mass{1.45} at Z=0.006, see e.g.][]{Marigo_etal_2013}.
Intermediate-mass AGB stars (\mass{M_i \gtrsim 3.0-3.5} at Z=0.006, depending on model details), on the other hand, do generally not become C-stars due to mass loss and/or hot-bottom burning (HBB).
These different types of AGB stars are hence expected to populate distinct regions in the $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{LMC_Mini_WRP_WJK.png}
\caption{Synthetic stellar populations for the LMC, colour-coded according to the initial stellar mass. The simulation is obtained with the \texttt{TRILEGAL} code \citep{Girardi_etal_2005} and stellar isochrones that include a detailed description of the AGB phase \citep{Marigo_etal_2013, Marigo_etal_2017}. Suitable selection criteria for LPVs are applied, based on new pulsation models \citep{2017ApJ...847..139T}. Letters a, b, c, and d identify the main branches of evolved stellar populations. In the inset the curve connects the stages just before stars turn to C-stars at varying initial mass in the range from 1.45 $M_{\odot}$ to 3 $M_\odot$ (few values in $M_{\odot}$ are indicated; the initial metallicity is  Z=0.006). Triangles are used to mark AGB stars with HBB.
See text and Appendix~\ref{appendix:models} for more explanation.
The dashed and solid lines correspond to the same empirical boundaries as in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP}.
}
\label{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{figLMC_CM_2mass.png}
\caption{2MASS colour-magnitude diagram $(J-K_s)$ versus $K_s$ of \textit{Gaia}\xspace DR2 LPVs in the LMC.
         The colour of the symbols are related to the groups of stars identified in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} according to the colour-coding written in the inset.
         The axis ranges have been limited for better visibility.
        }
\label{Fig:LMC_CM_2mass}
\end{figure}

A total of six groups are identified in the $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram, as shown in Figs.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} and \ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}.
Of these groups, four consist of O-rich stars, located at the left of the solid line on the diagram, while the remaining two groups on the right of the solid line contain the C-rich stars.
The separation of C-rich stars in two distinct groups reflects the drop in
concentration of stars beyond $W_{RP}-W_K\sim1.7$~mag (see discussion below).
Throughout the remainder of this letter, we refer to
these objects as \textit{C-rich} and \textit{Extreme C-rich stars}, respectively.
The term ``extreme'' stars was originally introduced by \citet{Blum_etal_2006}
in their Spitzer SAGE survey of the  LMC to identify a group of very red objects in near-mid infrared CMDs, interpreted
mostly as dust-enshrouded C-rich stars.
It should be clear that our criterion for extreme C-rich stars is not the same, but spots out a sub-sample of the extreme objects in the original definition.

The identification of subgroups among the O-rich M-type stars follows the structures suggested in Figs.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} and \ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}.
The tip of the RGB is located close to $K_s=$12 in the LMC \citep{cioni_et_al_2000}.
We therefore assume that the stars in the group 'RGB and faint AGB' are primarily tip-RGB stars or stars on the early AGB.
For the remaining, brighter, O-rich stars, three subgroups are distinguishable in the diagram, as delineated by the dashed lines on the left of the solid line in the two figures.
Comparison with model predictions, discussed below, reveals that they are associated with low-mass, intermediate-mass, and massive O-rich AGB stars, respectively.

In order to interpret the observed $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram, we compute stellar population synthesis models of the LMC that take into account the stellar and galactic properties of the Cloud (see Appendix~\ref{appendix:models} for details).
The result of the simulation is shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}, with the points colour-coded according to the initial mass of the simulated stars.
The simulated diagram (Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}) shows a similar structure as the observed one (Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP}).
In particular the  segregation of stars in the various branches is well recovered by models.
The colour-coding clearly indicates that the various groups visible in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} can be directly related to various mass ranges (for further comparisons, see  Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withTracks} of the Appendix that nicely associates the branches visible in the diagram to stellar evolution tracks of various masses).

The comparison of the observed (Figs.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} and \ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}) and simulated (Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}) diagrams confirms that\footnote{The mass limits given in this Letter for the different groups are derived from our LMC simulations}:
\begin{itemize}
\item the group 'O-rich AGB, low-mass' in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} mainly contains low-mass O-rich stars during the early-AGB and thermally pulsing AGB (TP-AGB) phases, with initial masses from $\sim$\mass{0.9} to $\sim$\mass{1.4} (branch \textit{(a)} in Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}).
These stars do not become carbon stars (in these calculations) and extend to the negative $W_{RP}-W_{K}$ values which they reach at the end of their AGB evolution. A small number of stars in the mass range $\sim$\mass{1.4} to $\sim$\mass{1.8} lie on the bright side of branch \textit{(a)} when they are in the evolutionary stage just prior to becoming carbon stars;
\vskip 1mm
\item the group 'C-rich' in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} contains carbon stars (C/O>1, branch \textit{(b)}) with distinct $J-K_s$ colours, see Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}. In our simulation of the LMC, they are characterized by initial masses from $\sim$\mass{1.4} to $\sim$\mass{3.2};
\vskip 1mm
\item the group 'Extreme C-rich' (C-stars with very large $J-K_s$ colours) in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} is an extension of the group of C-rich stars in branch \textit{(b)}. In the simulation they are characterized by strong mass loss driven by radiation pressure on carbonaceous dust grains. The relatively low concentration of such objects in the observed diagram is mainly due to the short timescales towards the termination of the AGB phase.

\vskip 1mm
\item the group 'O-rich AGB, intermediate-mass' in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} (branch \textit{(c)}) actually contains two kinds of stars.
On the one hand, the faint edge of the branch is populated by \mass{M_i\gtrsim 2} to $\sim$\mass{3.2} stars that are still O-rich (stars between $\sim$\mass{1.8} and $\sim$\mass{2} do not move into branch \textit{(c)} before becoming C-rich).
They will move to branch \textit{(b)} when they turn into C-stars later along the TP-AGB phase.
The bright edge of the branch, on the other hand, hosts intermediate-mass stars that never become C-stars, with $M_i$ from $\sim$\mass{3.2} to $\sim$\mass{6}.
These include  AGB stars that experience HBB (see Fig.\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}).
We note that during the very last, extremely short-lived,  evolutionary stages characterized by very high mass loss rates and efficient dust production, these O-rich intermediate-mass AGB stars can move into the right part of the diagram slightly contaminating the group of Extreme C-rich stars.
For further discussion we refer to Appendix \ref{appendix:models};
\vskip 1mm
\item the paucity of stars between branch \textit{(a)} (low-mass O-rich) and branch \textit{(b)} (intermediate-mass O-rich) reflects the evolution prior to the AGB, besides the properties of the third dredge-up.
To help the analysis, in the inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}
we show the predicted location of stars with initial masses in the range $\sim$\mass{1.4} to $\sim$\mass{3.0} at the stage just before becoming C-stars at the next thermal pulse. As is evident, the curve contours the gap between branches \textit{(a)} and \textit{(c)}.
The fainter section of the curve is drawn by low-mass stars that
developed an electron degenerate He-core after the main sequence ($\sim$\mass{1.4} to $\sim$\mass{1.8}), while
the brighter section is traced by intermediate-mass stars that avoided core degeneracy ($\sim$\mass{1.8} to $\sim$\mass{3}).
Stars at the transition between the low- and intermediate-mass classes, i.e. with \mass{M_i \simeq 1.8} (see inset of Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}), ignite He at the smallest core mass of all, and therefore also have the lowest luminosity. With the current TP-AGB models, they also have the faintest subsequent transition luminosity to the C-star domain;
\vskip 1mm
\item finally, the group 'RSG and O-rich massive AGB' in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} is mainly composed of red supergiant stars (\mass{M_i \gtrsim 8}) burning He in their core (branch \textit{(d)} in Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}).
Our models suggest that a small fraction of them, distributed around the faint side of the group, also consist of \mass{M_i \simeq 6} to $\sim$\mass{8} stars that include super-AGB stars \citep{Siess_2010},
as well as massive AGB stars with $M_i$ from $\sim$\mass{5} to $\sim$\mass{6}.
\end{itemize}

The $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram is thus a powerful tool to identify the different types of AGB stars.
Compared to the classical 2MASS colour-magnitude diagram, shown in Fig.~\ref{Fig:LMC_CM_2mass} with the various groups highlighted in colour, it provides the power to discriminate AGB stars according to their initial masses in addition to their chemistry.

Finally, we note an interesting feature in the observed $(W_{RP}-W_K)$ versus $K_s$ diagram of the LMC.
There seems to be a real gap between the O-rich and C-rich clumps in Figs.~\ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withBPmRP} and \ref{Fig:LMC_WRPminusWK_versus_K_withJmK}.
This results from the fast transition between O-rich and C-rich regimes as soon as the C/O ratio reaches unity, as a consequence of the abrupt change in the molecular abundance pattern in the atmospheres of these stars \citep[e.g.,][]{2009A&A...508.1539M}. This is clearly visualized
in Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_CO_LMC_WRP_WJK} where we show the simulated $W_{RP}-W_K$ versus $K_s$ of the LMC, colour-coded according to the predicted C/O ratio. Note that the upper part of branch \textit{a} and the lower part of branch \textit{c} contain O-rich stars with values of the C/O close to one (darker blue points in Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_CO_LMC_WRP_WJK}). These should correspond to stars of spectral type S. HBB stars on the bright part of the diagram are characterized by low C/O ratios, N-enhancement, and low $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\hsize]{LMC_CO_WRP_WJK.png}
\caption{Same as Fig.~\ref{Fig:model_LMC_WRP_WJK}, colour-coded according to the C/O ratio. AGB stars with HBB are highlighted with magenta circles.}
\label{Fig:model_CO_LMC_WRP_WJK}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
\label{Sect:conclusions}

We demonstrated that the new tool for the investigation of stellar populations of AGB-stars presented in this paper offers an excellent possibility to study the large \textit{Gaia}\xspace dataset of evolved stars. It allows to distinguish stars of different mass, chemistry and evolutionary stage very efficiently.
The high diagnostic capability of the new diagram is corroborated with the help of state-of-the-art stellar evolution models.

We plan a more extensive exploration of this tool in the future.
As a next step, we are going to use this tool for a similar analysis of other stellar populations and for an investigation on the pulsational behaviour of LPVs.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank the referee for her/his suggestions on sharpening the focus of our letter.
PM, GP, MT acknowledge the support from the ERC Consolidator Grant funding scheme ({\em project STARKEY}, G.A. n. 615604).
\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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