text:
Richard III Reburial and that Leicester Decision
Posted on May 27, 2014 by Helen Rae Rants!
Richard III is far and away my favourite monarch. I find his character compellingly fascinating: a pocket-size bad-ass who achieved a great deal in his life, (with back-ache, to boot), and who would, I believe, have made a good and effective king given the chance. So naturally I was delighted by the unearthing of his remains in 2012, and felt profoundly grateful to Philippa Langley for driving the project through to fruition, to Leicester City Council for allowing their site to be excavated, to Richard Buckley and the University team for their work, and to everyone else whose efforts contributed to this momentous discovery.
At the time, as a former archaeologist, I took it as read that any finds from the excavation would be kept and displayed in Leicester, and that any human remains would eventually be reinterred in that parish, as is normal practice. So I was at first surprised, then selfishly pleased, when the York campaign was launched, and added my name to the petition (although by no means anti-Leicester; I studied there, and I love the place).
Subsequently, the grotesque behaviour of some members of the York camp caused me to regret doing this, as did certain infuriatingly inaccurate claims broadcast in support of their argument. York Outwood MP Julian Sturdy has recently added to this, saying, 'it's only right that King Richard should return to his home city of York (my italics) even if on a temporary basis'. Now, Mr. Sturdy has constituents to serve, some of whom may have lobbied him vigorously on the matter, but that doesn't make his remark correct. Richard III was a Midlander, born at Fotheringhay. His childhood was spent at family residences including Ludlow Castle in Shropshire and Baynard's Castle in London. He had no particular association with Yorkshire until his adolescence at Middleham and later career as Lord of the North; and his itinerary as king makes plain that he spent more time in and around London and the Midlands than he did in York. His partiality for the northern capital may be clear; it was after all the heart of his late father's duchy (Richard himself never held the title of Duke of York); he reduced its civic taxes and had his son invested as Prince of Wales at the Minster, where he planned to found a major college of priests; nevertheless, York can by no stretch of the imagination be called his 'home city'.
Ill-informed, emotive guff like this made me feel spitefully pleased when I heard last week's announcement that the reburial would not take place in York; but on a more mature level, my main emotion was overwhelming relief that a decision had been made, plans for the ceremony could at last go ahead, and next year I will be able to visit King Richard's tomb and pay my respects.
Alas, my relief was short-lived, thanks to the furore that instantly kicked off, and suggestions that the Plantagenet Alliance might appeal against the decision. It made me feel sick to think that the whole agonising process might be repeated, at God knows what cost, while Richard III still lay unburied – and I am strongly opposed to any such appeal taking place. Whose interests would it serve, I ask myself: the king about whom these people purport to care so much, or their own egos? Then in trawling for more information as to whether an appeal could/would actually happen, I came across some staggering stuff. I won't post the links or name names because they don't merit the oxygen of further publicity; suffice to say that I saw wild conspiracy theories concocted by people with no connection to, or understanding of, the archaeological process; allegations that the Leicester dig was a 'hoax' (what? How? The University somehow sneaked a fake skeleton into that trench before the eyes of the world's media and pretended it was Richard III?); threats to disrupt the interment ceremony; and the following astonishing statement: '[it] shows how angry everyone is about this miscarriage of justice and the evil plans of Chris Grayling and his cronies to deny justice to the ordinary people – before we know it the judicial system will have no juries and no right of appeal'.
The thrust of the above is the writer's conviction that 'ordinary people' have not been listened to, and that the Justice Secretary has ridden rough-shod over our democratic rights to dictate where King Richard should lie. OK, so let's do a reality check. Yes, the finding of his remains is massively important for medieval history. (If you believe it's him, of course. That arch anti-Ricardian Professor Michael Hicks isn't convinced by the DNA analysis – apparently this might be just A.N. Other scoliotic 15th century noble battle casualty found exactly where documentary sources say Richard III was buried, and bearing an uncanny physical resemblance to him). It has literally re-written history, proving that he was not a hunchback with a withered arm; put paid to the myth that his bones were dug up during the Dissolution and chucked in the River Soar; and shown exactly how he died (ie not hit over the head so hard that the crown was driven into his skull, as poetic tradition would have it). Yes, millions of people at home and abroad have followed this news story with avid interest, and many of them will undoubtedly flock to the tomb and Richard III-related attractions in and around Leicester. Yes, 60-odd thousand people cared enough about where he should be buried to sign one or other of the petitions; and yes, 60,000 does sound like a lot of voices that should be listened to.
However, of a total UK population of c. 64 million and an electorate of c. 48 million, 60,000 represents, respectively, 0.094% and 0.125%; or, to put it another way, nearly 99.9% of voters weren't bothered enough to sign a petition. No matter how hugely important Richard III's reburial seems to some of us, no matter how passionate our feelings about it, the brutal reality is that we are a very tiny minority – the overwhelming majority of the population doesn't give a rat's ass. I might ask, 'since when have the common masses had any say over the burial place of monarchs anyway?' – but it's irrelevant when said masses have indicated their opinion (or lack thereof) with a resounding silence.
So to the folk still throwing their teddies out of the pram over the Leicester decision, I can only say, 'get over it'. Look at the wider perspective – given the social and economic problems this country is facing, the cuts in public spending, the loss of jobs and front-line services, there's no way that expenditure on a wider debate can be justified. Meaning no disrespect to my favourite king, further consultation on his final resting place seems very small beer in comparison to, say, a referendum on whether Great Britain should leave the EU… so please, accept the decision with good grace, stop abusing everyone and everything connected with it, and go visit King Richard in Leicester next year – take him a nice bunch of white roses. That's what I'll be doing.
This entry was posted in History Matters and tagged appeal against decision, judicial review decision, Leicester burial, Plantagenet Alliance, reactions to decision, Richard III by Helen Rae Rants!. Bookmark the permalink.
21 thoughts on "Richard III Reburial and that Leicester Decision"
Servetus on May 27, 2014 at 5:20 pm said:
We have this general problem in the US, too, at the moment — the widespread sentiment that if the court doesn't decide in my favor, what it decided was unjust and possibly illegal. Hey folks, that's why we have courts — to make decisions. You're not going to love every single one, but that doesn't mean a travesty of justice is occurring.
Helen Rae Rants! on May 28, 2014 at 9:18 am said:
Interesting points, Servetus. Sadly, many people seem unable to accept that we don't always get what we want in life!
Taswegian1957 on May 28, 2014 at 12:57 am said:
As an "interested bystander" I'm amazed at how passionate some people have become about this and how the finding of the remains has started off so many discussions about the events during Richard's reign. To me it's more confusing than "Days Of Our Lives". I would just like to see him recieve a dignified burial which surely, after so many centuries, he deserves.
Well said, Taswegian. I'm so excited about having a tomb to visit I don't much care where it is – although I'm glad it's not Westminster Abbey or Windsor, because it's cost me a bomb to travel there.
Beverley Archer on May 28, 2014 at 7:28 pm said:
Whilst I supported the call to have Richard interred in York it was because I believe it's majesty and grandeur were fitting for a King and Lord of the North. I did get somewhat disillusioned by the political element that crept in, an element of possession to reinforce the North South divide. I truly hate the thought that hIs remains are to remain in Leicester for all eternity, where he was subjected to such humiliation and has remained undiscovered despite Leicester being perfectly aware of where he lay. Better to return him home to lie with his family in Fotheringhay. Loyalty me lie.
Helen Rae Rants! on May 29, 2014 at 1:33 pm said:
true, Beverley – Fotheringhay didn't get a look in; nor did Gloucester, a city for which Richard himself had a declared fondness; nor Middleham, where his son was born and died; nor any of the other places which can claim a connection.
M Simpson on May 29, 2014 at 5:42 pm said:
I pretty much agree with everything you have written here and it's good to see the arguments put forward so clearly and sensibly, though they will not sway the pro-York fanatics who have vowed to never rest until 'their king' is where they want him (although even the most fanatical shuffle their feet and look away when that one individual repeats her gloriously offbeat 'hoax' claim). Also very interesting to see the views of someone who switched sides during the debate.
Beverly Archer's reply illustrates just three of the problems/misconceptions which have arisen. Whatever else this may be, at heart the debate is over in which Christian church to reinter the mortal remains of a devout Christian, but religion has never been mentioned in the pro-York arguments. The whole "majesty and grandeur" thing is antithetical to Christian belief. All churches are alike in the eyes of Christians and their God, from the biggest cathedral to the tiniest village church. Christianity teaches humility, not vanity and pride.
Then there's the idea that Richard "was subjected to such humiliation" in Leicester. It's not enough for the pro-York lobby to exaggerate Richard's connections with York, they have also to run down Leicester (both 15thC Leicester and the modern town). There is of course no evidence that Richard was humiliated in Leicester or by Leicester folk. We know that the town was very strongly Yorkist in 1485 because Richard gathered his troops there and rode out from there. He had a free choice of where to muster his troops and would have been insane to select anywhere where he wasn't absolutely sure of local loyalty. Yet time and again over recent months we have read accusations that the people of Leicester were his enemy and they hated him and abused him after death.
The post-mortem wounds discovered on the skeleton could only have happened in the immediate aftermath of the battle, carried out by Henry's soldiers, miles from Leicester. One doesn't need to be a historian to see this, one only needs to apply common sense. Henry needed Richard's body intact and recognisable and would have put a stop to the battering as soon as he could. Common sense also reinforces the idea that Leicester was a fiercely pro-Richard town since Henry selected it from several towns nears Bosworth and would only have done so if the inhabitants were Richard's supporters as it was they who needed to be shown the body. And while Henry could have had the body buried (or later reburied) anywhere he wanted, he knew – as a devout Christian – that the humble church of a group of mendicant monks was no less a House of God than the biggest gothic cathedral.
Finally we see the extraordinary revisionism of "Leicester being perfectly aware of where he lay"! Before this dig nobody knew where he lay.. It was known he had been buried in the church at Greyfriars but the precise location of that church was not known (a look at any map will show how large the 'greyfriars' area actually is), a lot of people still believed the 'chucked in the river' story and even if he was still in his grave there was every chance he had been destroyed during 18th/19th/20thC building work. Furthermore, if the archaeologists had dug their first trench 50cm to the left, he would be there still. The idea that the Leicester authorities somehow mistreated Richard by deliberately keeping him under a car park is one more part of the anti-Leicester propaganda put about by the vociferous pro-York lobby in lieu of any actual solid arguments.
Still, it all came right in the end and Richard will be buried in Leicester not because of any conspiracy, not for tourism purposes but simply because, as you say, it is normal practice.
Thank you for this most excellent reply, M Simpson. I think at least some of the 'humiliation' idea is based on the hasty squashing of his body into a too-small grave – although whether a corpse can be humiliated is a point on which I am unclear. I would be fascinated to know (and maybe the archaeologists will be able to answer this) whether there were any features/furnishings in the church which prevented the monks from digging a full-length grave. Or whether their haste was simply due to the grisly fact that they were dealing with a body with its head stoved in/brain hanging out, which had then lain exposed/decaying for 3 days – in August. I guess it is redundant to speak of flies. It must have been a most hideous task, and I can only pity the poor Greyfriars charged with carrying it out, rather than condemning them for not doing a better job.
Absolutely agree. Also, John Ashdown-Hill made the extremely sensible observation that, when digging the grave, the friars would have had absolutely no idea how tall Richard III was!
Jasmine on June 1, 2014 at 2:10 pm said:
An excellent post, M Simpson. I can only hope that things will quiet down and the ranting and slanders will stop and people's attention will be focused on the reinterment next spring.
never thought of that! and they may have heard he was a really little guy…
Nance Crawford on May 31, 2014 at 8:04 am said:
Thank you for your impassioned reasoning.
Helen Rae Rants! on June 2, 2014 at 10:00 am said:
you're welcome, Nance!
cfotheringham2014 on May 31, 2014 at 11:42 pm said:
What do you think his ties to Leicester are? All kings in the fifteenth century held council there, but as you correctly pointed out Richard was born in East Anglia and grew up among Richard Neville's Warwick estates. As Duke of Gloucester he loyally served his brother Edward by securing the north and it depends on how strong you believe his influence was/how much he depended on his northern affinity when you call him a 'King of the North'. I know you'd prefer him not to be buried at Westminster or Windsor, but surely these locations would be better suited for a king?
Jasmine on June 2, 2014 at 10:01 am said:
Richard was born in the Midlands, at Fotheringhay, not East Anglia.
cfotheringham2014 on June 2, 2014 at 11:32 am said:
That was a mistake yeah, forgive it. Born at Northamptonshire, my error!
I don't think he had particular ties with Leicester, although it was a place he visited several times as king before the Bosworth campaign. And forgive me for contradicting you, but he was born in the Midlands, not East Anglia; also I call him 'Lord', not 'King' of the North. My reasons for not wanting a London burial are purely selfish – I agree that either Westminster or Windsor would be appropriate locations.
I agree with you with the ties in Leicester. The fifteenth century kings had council there but that's it really. Sorry, that was an error! I know he was born in Fotheringhay in Northamptonshire, forgive it. Do you think the reasons for him being buried at Leicester are to do with revenue for the area? I would also argue against his title of 'Lord of the North' as there were no official titles of such, which i'm sure you are aware of. In my opinion, he was just a very loyal servant of Edward who secured the north for him and had trusted allies there.
The legal decision was that there were no grounds to interfere with the Licence as issued. The Licence followed current archaeological practice – reburial in the nearest consecrated ground. There has been a lot of talk about Leicester only wanting the reburial in order to make money. To my mind, this is unfair. Wherever Richard III was reburied, there would be an explosion of interest and an increase in tourism. To pretend otherwise is naive.
I think the reasons for the Leicester burial are as Jasmine says. There was no masonic conspiracy, no shady deal in a darkened room – just a group of academics and local authority officers following bog-standard professional practice for an urban excavation with the likelihood of unearthing human remains. Of course, a discovery of this magnitude can't help but generate massive public interest and associated money-making possibilities, but I don't see Leicester Council as being unusually venal or reprehensible in wanting to capitalise on this 'asset' – they'd be failing in their duties to the city if they didn't. As to 'Lord of the North' – I recently came upon a reference to Richard holding precisely this formal title, but now to my great irritation I can't find it again to quote. If anyone who reading this can enlighten me, I'd be grateful!
Madelynn Baran on June 3, 2014 at 2:54 pm said:
Amen……….couldn't agree with you more!


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The Time is NOW to Put Privacy Back into Intelligence Gathering
Bob Barr | Jan 25, 2017
In the months following the 9-11 terror attacks, as America's intelligence agencies struggled to explain how they missed connecting the dots leading to the attacks, there began a major push both inside and outside government to ensure such a lapse never occurred again. The focal point of this push was the intelligence community's ability to access what it determined to be critical information -- emails, text messages, phone calls, and any other digital communication -- necessary for collecting and analyzing to find "suspicious" activity. The result of this fervor was one of the biggest expansions of government power in American history, with the only privacy protections being promises that this newfound power would only be used in pursuing terrorists.
As one might guess, such assurances would quickly ring hollow. In the years since 9-11, startling reports have emerged showing these powers used increasingly for non-terrorism related crimes, and the data of innocent Americans collected by these agencies is regularly mishandled and misused; sometimes even against individuals for purely political purposes, such as targeting concealed carry permit holders. To make matters worse, even with virtually its every wish for more power granted, the intelligence community still missed a number of deadly terror attacks on U.S. soil.
The tide against such broad and unfettered spying powers, and their questionable results, began to shift in May 2015, with Rand Paul's filibuster against the renewal of some sections of the USA PATRIOT Act; a law previously renewed time and again with no real debate despite its glaring constitutional problems. Paul's initiative, however, did result a short time later with the passing of the USA Freedom Act – a limited but significant first step towards more comprehensive reform.
However, if such desperately needed reform is to happen anytime soon, we must continue to fight for privacy rights under the new administration of Donald Trump.
There actually are some hopeful signs such reforms may be on the not-too-distant horizon. For example, an onerous component of the Intelligence Authorization Act, which would have allowed the FBI to access email and browsing histories without a warrant, was stripped from the bill last week by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. On the crucial victory for privacy rights, Democratic committee member Sen. Ron Wyden commented that "spying on a person's browsing history is incredibly invasive – almost like a window into their thoughts"; he added, "our Founding Fathers rightly argued that such intrusive searches should be approved by independent judges." Additionally, the popular, bipartisan Email Privacy Act was reintroduced in Congress earlier this month, and seeks to close a loophole that, according to the Electronic Freedom Foundation (EFF), "allows law enforcement to access emails and other communications that have been stored on a server for more than 180 days."
Though not sweeping reforms by any means, these steps signal an important change in how some members of Congress view privacy rights that would have been unthinkable only a few years ago. Of course, there are challenges as well, such as this week's confirmation of noted surveillance hawk Mike Pompeo as CIA Director. Pompeo is on record calling for "re-establishing collection of all metadata, and combining it with publicly available financial and lifestyle information into a comprehensive, searchable database." At the helm of the CIA, with direct access to Trump's ear, he will be a formidable obstacle to meaningful surveillance reform.
Pompeo and others in the intelligence community are sure to point to the recent terror attacks in Ft. Lauderdale, Orlando, and San Bernardino as examples of why these spying powers are essential to keeping America safe. Yet, ISIS' changing tactics -- focusing on lone-wolf attacks rather than complex plans like 9-11 -- make such broad surveillance powers even less relevant to today's War on Terror. Instead of "networks of terror" colluding together across the globe, recent terrorists are radicalized discretely via the internet and social media. Moreover, many of these terrorists were already on the FBI's radar, making a warranted search of digital records possible without the need for unnecessary and unconstitutional legislation such as the USA PATRIOT Act, and FISA.
This makes Congress' role in seeking to revive personal privacy in America all the more crucial, whether passing its own reforms, or resisting pressure from the Executive Branch for more power.
Fortunately, for all his tough talk, Trump seems open to policy recommendations from all sides as he marches into his first 100 days. Furthermore, the anti-Washington, pro-citizen message outlined in his Inaugural address is more in line with privacy reforms than further increasing the power of intelligence agencies to spy on innocent Americans. This could create a golden opportunity for change if Congress takes the lead in working with the Executive on a roadmap for reform that strikes a real balance between national security needs, and restoring personal privacy rights lost in the last 15 years.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
package scala

import annotation.showAsInfix
import compiletime._
import compiletime.ops.int._

/** Tuple of arbitrary arity */
sealed trait Tuple extends Product {
  import Tuple._

  /** Create a copy of this tuple as an Array */
  inline def toArray: Array[Object] =
    runtime.Tuples.toArray(this)

  /** Create a copy of this tuple as a List */
  inline def toList: List[Union[this.type]] =
    this.productIterator.toList
      .asInstanceOf[List[Union[this.type]]]

  /** Create a copy of this tuple as an IArray */
  inline def toIArray: IArray[Object] =
    runtime.Tuples.toIArray(this)

  /** Return a copy of `this` tuple with an element appended */
  inline def :* [This >: this.type <: Tuple, L] (x: L): Append[This, L] =
    runtime.Tuples.append(x, this).asInstanceOf[Append[This, L]]

  /** Return a new tuple by prepending the element to `this` tuple.
   *  This operation is O(this.size)
   */
  inline def *: [H, This >: this.type <: Tuple] (x: H): H *: This =
    runtime.Tuples.cons(x, this).asInstanceOf[H *: This]

  /** Return a new tuple by concatenating `this` tuple with `that` tuple.
   *  This operation is O(this.size + that.size)
   */
  inline def ++ [This >: this.type <: Tuple](that: Tuple): Concat[This, that.type] =
    runtime.Tuples.concat(this, that).asInstanceOf[Concat[This, that.type]]

  /** Return the size (or arity) of the tuple */
  inline def size[This >: this.type <: Tuple]: Size[This] =
    runtime.Tuples.size(this).asInstanceOf[Size[This]]

  /** Given two tuples, `(a1, ..., an)` and `(a1, ..., an)`, returns a tuple
   *  `((a1, b1), ..., (an, bn))`. If the two tuples have different sizes,
   *  the extra elements of the larger tuple will be disregarded.
   *  The result is typed as `((A1, B1), ..., (An, Bn))` if at least one of the
   *  tuple types has a `EmptyTuple` tail. Otherwise the result type is
   *  `(A1, B1) *: ... *: (Ai, Bi) *: Tuple`
   */
  inline def zip[This >: this.type <: Tuple, T2 <: Tuple](t2: T2): Zip[This, T2] =
    runtime.Tuples.zip(this, t2).asInstanceOf[Zip[This, T2]]

  /** Called on a tuple `(a1, ..., an)`, returns a new tuple `(f(a1), ..., f(an))`.
   *  The result is typed as `(F[A1], ..., F[An])` if the tuple type is fully known.
   *  If the tuple is of the form `a1 *: ... *: Tuple` (that is, the tail is not known
   *  to be the cons type.
   */
  inline def map[F[_]](f: [t] => t => F[t]): Map[this.type, F] =
    runtime.Tuples.map(this, f).asInstanceOf[Map[this.type, F]]

  /** Given a tuple `(a1, ..., am)`, returns the tuple `(a1, ..., an)` consisting
   *  of its first n elements.
   */
  inline def take[This >: this.type <: Tuple](n: Int): Take[This, n.type] =
    runtime.Tuples.take(this, n).asInstanceOf[Take[This, n.type]]

  /** Given a tuple `(a1, ..., am)`, returns the tuple `(an+1, ..., am)` consisting
   *  all its elements except the first n ones.
   */
  inline def drop[This >: this.type <: Tuple](n: Int): Drop[This, n.type] =
    runtime.Tuples.drop(this, n).asInstanceOf[Drop[This, n.type]]

  /** Given a tuple `(a1, ..., am)`, returns a pair of the tuple `(a1, ..., an)`
   *  consisting of the first n elements, and the tuple `(an+1, ..., am)` consisting
   *  of the remaining elements.
   */
  inline def splitAt[This >: this.type <: Tuple](n: Int): Split[This, n.type] =
    runtime.Tuples.splitAt(this, n).asInstanceOf[Split[This, n.type]]
}

object Tuple {

  /** Type of a tuple with an element appended */
  type Append[X <: Tuple, Y] <: Tuple = X match {
    case EmptyTuple => Y *: EmptyTuple
    case x *: xs => x *: Append[xs, Y]
  }

  /** Type of the head of a tuple */
  type Head[X <: NonEmptyTuple] = X match {
    case x *: _ => x
  }

  /** Type of the initial part of the tuple without its last element */
  type Init[X <: Tuple] <: Tuple = X match {
    case _ *: EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
    case x *: xs =>
      x *: Init[xs]
  }

  /** Type of the tail of a tuple */
  type Tail[X <: NonEmptyTuple] <: Tuple = X match {
    case _ *: xs => xs
  }

  /** Type of the last element of a tuple */
  type Last[X <: Tuple] = X match {
    case x *: EmptyTuple => x
    case _ *: xs => Last[xs]
  }

  /** Type of the concatenation of two tuples */
  type Concat[X <: Tuple, +Y <: Tuple] <: Tuple = X match {
    case EmptyTuple => Y
    case x1 *: xs1 => x1 *: Concat[xs1, Y]
  }

  /** Type of the element at position N in the tuple X */
  type Elem[X <: Tuple, N <: Int] = X match {
    case x *: xs =>
      N match {
        case 0 => x
        case S[n1] => Elem[xs, n1]
      }
  }

  /** Literal constant Int size of a tuple */
  type Size[X <: Tuple] <: Int = X match {
    case EmptyTuple => 0
    case x *: xs => S[Size[xs]]
  }

  /** Fold a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)` into `F[T1, F[... F[Tn, Z]...]]]` */
  type Fold[Tup <: Tuple, Z, F[_, _]] = Tup match
    case EmptyTuple => Z
    case h *: t => F[h, Fold[t, Z, F]]

  /** Converts a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)` to `(F[T1], ..., F[Tn])` */
  type Map[Tup <: Tuple, F[_ <: Union[Tup]]] <: Tuple = Tup match {
    case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
    case h *: t => F[h] *: Map[t, F]
  }

  /** Converts a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)` to a flattened `(..F[T1], ..., ..F[Tn])` */
  type FlatMap[Tup <: Tuple, F[_ <: Union[Tup]] <: Tuple] <: Tuple = Tup match {
    case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
    case h *: t => Concat[F[h], FlatMap[t, F]]
  }

  /** Filters out those members of the tuple for which the predicate `P` returns `false`.
   *  A predicate `P[X]` is a type that can be either `true` or `false`. For example:
   *  ```scala
   *  type IsString[x] <: Boolean = x match {
   *    case String => true
   *    case _ => false
   *  }
   *  summon[Tuple.Filter[(1, "foo", 2, "bar"), IsString] =:= ("foo", "bar")]
   *  ```
   *  @syntax markdown
   */
  type Filter[Tup <: Tuple, P[_] <: Boolean] <: Tuple = Tup match {
    case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
    case h *: t => P[h] match {
      case true => h *: Filter[t, P]
      case false => Filter[t, P]
    }
  }

  /** Given two tuples, `A1 *: ... *: An * At` and `B1 *: ... *: Bn *: Bt`
   *  where at least one of `At` or `Bt` is `EmptyTuple` or `Tuple`,
   *  returns the tuple type `(A1, B1) *: ... *: (An, Bn) *: Ct`
   *  where `Ct` is `EmptyTuple` if `At` or `Bt` is `EmptyTuple`, otherwise `Ct` is `Tuple`.
   */
  type Zip[T1 <: Tuple, T2 <: Tuple] <: Tuple = (T1, T2) match {
    case (h1 *: t1, h2 *: t2) => (h1, h2) *: Zip[t1, t2]
    case (EmptyTuple, _) => EmptyTuple
    case (_, EmptyTuple) => EmptyTuple
    case _ => Tuple
  }

  /** Converts a tuple `(F[T1], ..., F[Tn])` to `(T1,  ... Tn)` */
  type InverseMap[X <: Tuple, F[_]] <: Tuple = X match {
    case F[x] *: t => x *: InverseMap[t, F]
    case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
  }

  /** Implicit evidence. IsMappedBy[F][X] is present in the implicit scope iff
   *  X is a tuple for which each element's type is constructed via `F`. E.g.
   *  (F[A1], ..., F[An]), but not `(F[A1], B2, ..., F[An])` where B2 does not
   *  have the shape of `F[A]`.
   */
  type IsMappedBy[F[_]] = [X <: Tuple] =>> X =:= Map[InverseMap[X, F], F]

  /** Transforms a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)` into `(T1, ..., Ti)`. */
  type Take[T <: Tuple, N <: Int] <: Tuple = N match {
    case 0 => EmptyTuple
    case S[n1] => T match {
      case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
      case x *: xs => x *: Take[xs, n1]
    }
  }

  /** Transforms a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)` into `(Ti+1, ..., Tn)`. */
  type Drop[T <: Tuple, N <: Int] <: Tuple = N match {
    case 0 => T
    case S[n1] => T match {
      case EmptyTuple => EmptyTuple
      case x *: xs => Drop[xs, n1]
    }
  }

  /** Splits a tuple (T1, ..., Tn) into a pair of two tuples `(T1, ..., Ti)` and
   * `(Ti+1, ..., Tn)`.
   */
  type Split[T <: Tuple, N <: Int] = (Take[T, N], Drop[T, N])

  /** Given a tuple `(T1, ..., Tn)`, returns a union of its
   *  member types: `T1 | ... | Tn`. Returns `Nothing` if the tuple is empty.
   */
  type Union[T <: Tuple] = Fold[T, Nothing, [x, y] =>> x | y]

  /** Empty tuple */
  def apply(): EmptyTuple = EmptyTuple

  /** Tuple with one element */
  def apply[T](x: T): T *: EmptyTuple = Tuple1(x)

  /** Matches an empty tuple. */
  def unapply(x: EmptyTuple): true = true

  /** Convert an array into a tuple of unknown arity and types */
  def fromArray[T](xs: Array[T]): Tuple = {
    val xs2 = xs match {
      case xs: Array[Object] => xs
      case xs => xs.map(_.asInstanceOf[Object])
    }
    runtime.Tuples.fromArray(xs2)
  }

  /** Convert an immutable array into a tuple of unknown arity and types */
  def fromIArray[T](xs: IArray[T]): Tuple = {
    val xs2: IArray[Object] = xs match {
      case xs: IArray[Object] @unchecked => xs
      case _ =>
        xs.map(_.asInstanceOf[Object])
    }
    runtime.Tuples.fromIArray(xs2)
  }

  /** Convert a Product into a tuple of unknown arity and types */
  def fromProduct(product: Product): Tuple =
    runtime.Tuples.fromProduct(product)

  def fromProductTyped[P <: Product](p: P)(using m: scala.deriving.Mirror.ProductOf[P]): m.MirroredElemTypes =
    runtime.Tuples.fromProduct(p).asInstanceOf[m.MirroredElemTypes]

  given canEqualEmptyTuple: CanEqual[EmptyTuple, EmptyTuple] = CanEqual.derived
  given canEqualTuple[H1, T1 <: Tuple, H2, T2 <: Tuple](
    using eqHead: CanEqual[H1, H2], eqTail: CanEqual[T1, T2]
  ): CanEqual[H1 *: T1, H2 *: T2] = CanEqual.derived
}

/** A tuple of 0 elements */
type EmptyTuple = EmptyTuple.type

/** A tuple of 0 elements. */
case object EmptyTuple extends Tuple {
  override def toString(): String = "()"
}

/** Tuple of arbitrary non-zero arity */
sealed trait NonEmptyTuple extends Tuple {
  import Tuple._

  /** Get the i-th element of this tuple.
   *  Equivalent to productElement but with a precise return type.
   */
  inline def apply[This >: this.type <: NonEmptyTuple](n: Int): Elem[This, n.type] =
    runtime.Tuples.apply(this, n).asInstanceOf[Elem[This, n.type]]

  /** Get the head of this tuple */
  inline def head[This >: this.type <: NonEmptyTuple]: Head[This] =
    runtime.Tuples.apply(this, 0).asInstanceOf[Head[This]]

  /** Get the initial part of the tuple without its last element */
  inline def init[This >: this.type <: NonEmptyTuple]: Init[This] =
    runtime.Tuples.init(this).asInstanceOf[Init[This]]

  /** Get the last of this tuple */
  inline def last[This >: this.type <: NonEmptyTuple]: Last[This] =
    runtime.Tuples.last(this).asInstanceOf[Last[This]]

  /** Get the tail of this tuple.
   *  This operation is O(this.size)
   */
  inline def tail[This >: this.type <: NonEmptyTuple]: Tail[This] =
    runtime.Tuples.tail(this).asInstanceOf[Tail[This]]

}

@showAsInfix
sealed abstract class *:[+H, +T <: Tuple] extends NonEmptyTuple

object *: {
  def unapply[H, T <: Tuple](x: H *: T): (H, T) = (x.head, x.tail)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This was sadly our last assignment for my Digital Media Convergence class. We were allowed to make anything we wanted as long as we pitched the idea to our class and received feedback. My idea was to make a silent film with a minor twist. I will be honest, I had a slightly different thought process in how I would approach my final film, but it all worked out for the best. As always, let me know what you think!


text:
Forum (Home)
Forum (Index)
Michael Jackson Death Hoax Investigators
General Michael Jackson Forum
MJ Tributes
Michael Will Get Lifetime Achievement Award at 2010 Grammys
Pages: 1 2 Go Down
Hoaxer
FYI: Today (December 10), the Recording Academy, which presents the annual music-industry Grammy Awards, announced that Michael will be among the recipients of a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Grammys airing on Sunday, January 31, at 8pm ET on CBS in the United States.
The formal name of the honor is the Special Merit Award:
Quote (selected)
The Recording Academy announced its 2010 Special Merit Awards recipients today. This year's Lifetime Achievement Award honorees are Leonard Cohen, Bobby Darin, David "Honeyboy" Edwards, Michael Jackson, Loretta Lynn, André Previn, and Clark Terry...
The Lifetime Achievement Award honors lifelong artistic contributions to the recording medium...
News like this can make some believers feel sad, but Michael definitely deserves the acknowledgment, no matter what the actual circumstances of June 25 are. So, a big congratulations to him!
LINK: You are not allowed to view links. Register or Login
Last Edit: December 10, 2009, 09:19:06 PM by Lorrie
No reactions
neverlandprincess
Re: Michael Will Get Lifetime Achievement Award at 2010 Grammys
Honesty I get sad everytime I see anything celebrating him....just me. I hope Janet recieves it for him-please no Jermaine at the Grammys.... :x
Last Edit: December 31, 1969, 06:00:00 PM by Guest
Love you more...forever
Quote from: "neverlandprincess"
Honesty I get sad everytime I see anything celebrating him....just me.
I understand where you're coming from. It makes everything seem so final and unchangeable (and surreal).
I wish his children could do the honors and accept the award on his behalf, but I guess they're not old enough for that type of appearance yet.
Quote from: "Lorrie"
I was thinking the same...but if that happened it would be the final nail for me. Sadly-I mean as far as thinking we may ever ever see him again.
mjssoulmate
It is always bittersweet when Michael receives these awards, but he does deserve them all. I also hope that another family member will do the honors in January. Hopefully one who can talk. That leaves out Joe, Jermaine and LaToya.
You Are My Life
Now that you've said it, I agree. The kids accepting the award would definitely make Michael's absence seem final, although it's starting to seem that way right now without any extra help.
I can't believe it's been almost six month since June 25, and here we are still waiting for the other foot -- ANY foot -- to drop. *sigh*
Quote from: "mjssoulmate"
I also hope that another family member will do the honors in January. Hopefully one who can talk. That leaves out Joe, Jermaine and LaToya.
I was just reading an article on another website where a commenter noted how the other Jackson brothers are also just like Joe and Jermaine. The person saw them on Jimmy Kimmel's talk show last night and was surprised that Jackie, Tito, and Marlon all go on and on and on, but never answer the question they've been asked, exactly like Jermaine and Papa Joe do.
I guess that leaves out Joe, LaToya, and every last one of Michael's brothers.
If we were actualy hearing anything it would be nice...its been so quiet-maybe thats it though-maybe they are keeping it quiet because we were too close (us and those like us). Maybe no news is good news.
@mjsoulmate :lol: :lol: :lol: :lol: :lol: :lol: ROFL-"I would like to thank the fans and introduce MY children that no one has ever seen by choice...JAFAR!!! (ok MJ and God forgive me for my terrible rudeness)
That is strange...you know they have to care because all the brothers took shift sitting behind him at the trial-and Toya was there everyday-surprisingly Janet could not be there as much. So,that being said there are things we dont know and their behavior does support what we believe...to a point. I cant figure how it helps them when everyone can see how weird it all is.Maybe thats why Janet can keep secrets...she just doesnt really talk.
I just wonder how Michael turned out like he did...none of the other brothers are like him,not even a little-Janet is to a point but musically you can tell (in all earlier vids and style) that she really idolized Michael. Personality wise she is more like him. If this is really how all these guys are ...how did he become so? He was truly touched or he was a genius that pulled a punk of a double life for his entire life.
MJsSuperflyPYT
I know what you're saying. I couldn't be more happier that he's getting this award. But like Lorrie said, it makes things seem that much more final and set in stone (no pun intended). It bothers me a little that these latest awards are being presented after his "death". Don't get me wrong, I'm tickled that he's gettin' every single one, but I guess I just wish that he could be present to receive these awards himself, you know? Either way, congratulations Mike, you know we love you more!
King of my heart
It is very scary Why would he keep letting them give him awards? I know he deserves them too, but i cant see him letting them give him all these awards if he is alive. IDK, I'm scared though.
I'm sad, but meanwhile I'm glad, he deserves it.
[size=150]enjoy your day, Michael[/size]
Maybe no news is good news.
Very true. Unfortunately, I'm an impatient, results-oriented person. When it comes to important situations, I like to know what the heck is going on as soon as possible, and why, good or bad.
This predicament is torturing me precisely because we're not getting relevant answers, and the few answers we do get turn out to be blatant lies after you analyze them the slightest bit.
Personality wise she is more like him. If this is really how all these guys are ...how did he become so? He was truly touched or he was a genius that pulled a punk of a double life for his entire life.
I believe Michael is one of those rare talents specifically put on this Earth to be unique and a trailblazer in some way, which is why I think he doesn't resemble his family in certain aspects. His path in life was distinct from the get-go (hence his belief that his music came from God) and destined to make him stand apart from others (hence his perpetual loneliness).
Then again, Michael's brothers didn't achieve the same type of fame or success he has achieved, and they also haven't been through the same hard times. He stands apart in so many ways I'm not surprised he seems unlike them, although it probably would have been easier for Michael if one of his brothers could relate to him better because they shared more common experiences (not that I wish any of his difficulties on anybody else).
Quote from: "MJsSuperflyPYT"
It bothers me a little that these latest awards are being presented after his "death". Don't get me wrong, I'm tickled that he's gettin' every single one, but I guess I just wish that he could be present to receive these awards himself, you know?
Many people are saying a similar thing, PYT. Why weren't some of these honors given to Michael before June 25? Lots of entertainers receive Lifetime Achievement Awards while they're still alive and kicking. Being recognized for his unmatched artistry before June 25 could have helped make Michael feel less stressed and more appreciated, which could have made June 25 never happen. If only.
Quote from: "hope"
Why would he keep letting them give him awards? I know he deserves them too, but i cant see him letting them give him all these awards if he is alive. IDK, I'm scared though.
Whether they're dead or alive, Michael and other entertainers don't have any control over voting committees and the members who decide which artists should be honored at awards shows. So, don't be scared. He has absolutely no influence over these types of things, aside from devoting almost five decades of his life to excelling in the arts and humanitarianism.
Quote from: "bobo"
Yes, he does, bobo. That's why I choose to be happy about it. I'd feel much worse if he didn't receive any honors for his immense contributions to the entertainment industry and numerous charities and good causes.
MJLover1990
I know exactly what you mean.
But Michael deserves every grammy in this world so I'm really glad he's getting this one! :mrgreen:
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text:
Q: How to split a ipython notebook My Jupyter notebooks is getting long, which makes it difficult to navigate.
I want to save each chapter (Cel starting with Heading 1) to a different file. How can I do that? Cut and paste of multiple cells between notebooks seems not possible.

A: The easiest way might be to edit the .ipnb file in a text editor.
Below I listed the content of a very simple notebook.
The notebook looks like

Chapter 1
In [1]:
  1+1
Out[1]: 2
Chapter 2
In [2]: 2+2
Out[2]:
  4

To take out chapter 1 and place it behind chapter 2, this is what you can do

*

*Search for "level": 1

*You find
{
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
 "metadata": {},
     "source": [
  "Chapter 1"
 ]
},
and
{
 "cell_type": "heading",
 "level": 1,
 "metadata": {},
 "source": [
  "Chapter 2"
 ]
},

*Move everything from the start of the first search result, just below the end of the second search result

*Pay attention to commas

You can manipulate multiple notebooks in a simlar fashion.
This is the .ipnb file for the example
{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "",
  "signature": ""
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 1"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "1+1"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 1,
       "text": [
        "2"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "heading",
     "level": 1,
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "Chapter 2"
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "2+2"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "metadata": {},
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 2,
       "text": [
        "4"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 2
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}

A: A notebook file is json format, so I get all data as JSON format and split it into several files automatically.
This code is what I made.
The code seems to be complex, but it is simple if you just check it for a while and this is an example of a separate file, http://www.fun-coding.org/DS&AL4-1.html which I also transformed as HTML after I split it.
import json
from pprint import pprint
import re

def notebook_spliter(FILENAME, chapter_num):

    with open(FILENAME + '.ipynb') as data_file:
        data = json.load(data_file)

    copy_cell, chapter_in = list(), False

    regx = re.compile("## [0-9]+\. ")
    for num in range(len(data['cells'])):
        if chapter_in and data['cells'][num]['cell_type'] != 'markdown':
            copy_cell.append(data['cells'][num])
        elif data['cells'][num]['cell_type'] == 'markdown':
            regx_result = regx.match(data['cells'][num]['source'][0])

            if regx_result:
                print (regx_result.group())
                regx2 = re.compile("[0-9]+")
                regx2_result = regx2.search(regx_result.group())
                if regx2_result:
                    print (int(regx2_result.group()))
                    if chapter_in == False:
                        if chapter_num == int(regx2_result.group()):
                            chapter_in = True
                            copy_cell.append(data['cells'][num])
                    else:
                        if chapter_num != int(regx2_result.group()):
                            break
            elif chapter_in:
                copy_cell.append(data['cells'][num])

    copy_data["cells"] = copy_cell
    copy_data["metadata"] = data["metadata"]
    copy_data["nbformat"] = data["nbformat"]
    copy_data["nbformat_minor"] = data["nbformat_minor"]
    with open(FILENAME + '-' + str(chapter_num) + '.ipynb', 'w') as fd:
        json.dump(copy_data, fd, ensure_ascii=False)

This is a function to check chapter numbers in a notebook file. I added chapter number to the notebook file with '## 1. chapter name' in markdown cell, so just check ## digit. pattern with regular expression.
Then, next code is to copy data of cells into this chapter number, and save the only copied cells and others(metadata, nbformat, and nbformat_minor) to separate file.
copy_data = dict()
FILENAME = 'DS&AL1'
CHAPTERS = list()
with open(FILENAME + '.ipynb') as data_file:
    data = json.load(data_file)

for num in range(len(data['cells'])):
    if data['cells'][num]['cell_type'] == 'markdown':
        regx_result = regx.match(data['cells'][num]['source'][0])

        if regx_result:
            regx2 = re.compile("[0-9]+")
            regx2_result = regx2.search(regx_result.group())
            if regx2_result:
                CHAPTERS.append(int(regx2_result.group()))
print (CHAPTERS)

for chapternum in CHAPTERS:
    notebook_spliter(FILENAME, chapternum)

A: 2023 Update
Some years later, luckily there is a library that can do such things for you:
pip install nbmanips
nb select has_html_tag h1 | nb split -s nb.ipynb

*

*The first part of the command (nb select has_html_tag h1) will tell nbmanips on which cells to perform the split.

*The second part (nb split -s nb.ipynb) will split the notebook based on the piped selection. The -s flag tells nbmanips to use the selection instead of a cell index.
my source: https://towardsdatascience.com/split-your-jupyter-notebooks-in-2-lines-of-code-de345d647454
the library: https://pypi.org/project/nbmanips/

A: This is the method I use - it is a little awkward, but it works:

*

*Make multiple copies of the master notebook using File->Make Copy
from the menu. make one copy for each chapter you want to extract.

*Rename the copy for each chapter: e.g. rename "master-copy0" to "Chapter 1".

*Delete each cells that don't belong to Chapter 1 - for example using 'dd' in command mode.

*Save the abbreviated file.

*Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each chapter.

I believe that the developers may be working on a better solution for a future release.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Reference for the probabilistic interpretation of principle eigenvalue Many papers assert $$-\lambda_{1}(D)=\lim_{t\rightarrow\infty}\frac{1}{t}\mathbb{P}^{x}(\tau_{D}>t)$$ as a classic result. Where $\tau_{D}$ is the first exit time of domain $D$ of a Brownian motion and
$$\lambda_{1}(D)=\inf_{u\in H^{1}_{0}(D)}\frac{\lVert \nabla u\rVert_{2}}{\lVert u\rVert_{2}}.$$
Moreover, it is claimed that $\lambda_{1}(D)$ is the first Dirichlet eigenvalue, i.e., the smallest $\lambda$ such that the following Dirichlet zero boundary problem admits some solution $$\begin{cases}-\Delta u=\lambda u\text{ on }D\\ u=0\ \text{on }\partial D \end{cases}.$$
But I didn't find any detailed explanation about these two results in textbooks or webs I have googled (e.g. Probabilistic Interpretation of First Dirichlet Eigenvalue?. )
Could anyone provide some references about them? Any idea would be appreciated!


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In this research conversation, NICHD's Dr. James Griffin talks with grantee Dr. Leslie Leve on her study, which found a strong association between a mother's smoking during pregnancy and the chances that her child would have behavioral problems in school.
NICHD Research Conversations are audio interviews with NICHD scientists and grantees, on the latest NICHD-supported scientific findings. Listen to this Research Conversation at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/news/releases/Documents/NICHD_Research_Conversation_073013.mp3 (MP3 - 867 KB).
Mr. Robert Bock: Welcome to the National Institutes of Health. I'm Robert Bock, press officer for the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the NICHD. Thank you for joining us for today's Research Conversation. Our host is Jim Griffin of the NICHD's Child Development and Behavior Branch. Today, Dr. Griffin will interview Dr. Leslie Leve, professor of Counseling, Psychology, and Human Services at the University of Oregon, and senior scientist of the Oregon Social Learning Center, in Eugene, about her research on the link between mothers smoking during pregnancy and the likelihood that their children will show signs of behavioral disorders during their early school years.
Dr. Jim Griffin: Thanks, Bob.
There's considerable evidence that when a woman smokes during pregnancy there's an increased risk that her child will grow up to exhibit emotional or behavioral problems, either as a preschooler or in their first years of elementary school. These problems include things like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, aggressive behaviors towards family members and playmates, destroying things like toys, books, and other household items, or breaking rules at school. Based on 2008 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, approximately 13 percent of women reported smoking during the last three months of pregnancy, and a report from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that, actually, pregnant white women had higher rates of smoking, at about 22 percent, compared to 14 percent among African-American women and 6.5 percent among Hispanic women.
Dr. Leslie Leve, our guest today, has published a study about the relationship between prenatal smoking and behavior problems in children in a recent issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry. Leslie, thank you for joining us today.
Now, first, can you tell us about your study and why it's an important step in understanding the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and child behavior problems?
Dr. Leslie Leve: Yes. Thank you, Jim. Our study was able to look at the relationship between smoking during pregnancy and child behavior problems in new ways because it included children from three separate studies, some of whom were raised by their biological mothers and some of whom were adopted at birth and raised by parents to whom they were not biologically related.
So, in this adoption study, which is called the Early Growth and Development Study, we interviewed over 300 adoptive mothers about the child's behavior problems and then we interviewed the child's birth mother to learn about her smoking habits during her pregnancy. The addition of this group of children who were adopted at birth enabled us to better separate the influences of events that happened before birth, such as smoking during pregnancy and genetic factors, from influences of the family environment that occur after a child is born.
So, for example, we know from previous studies of children who were raised by their biological parents that smoking during pregnancy is related to children's behavioral and emotional problems. If we can replicate this finding in our adoption at birth sample then we have stronger evidence that this association isn't just because of things happening in the family environment after birth but that the negative effects begin before a child is born.
And in our study, that is exactly what we found. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with children's behavioral problems both in the biological children as well as among the adopted children.
Dr. Griffin: OK. So, what can we say about the possible causes for the link you found? Do we know yet whether smoking itself somehow changes the children's brains to make it more likely for them to display behavior problems? Or could it be that the mothers who smoke have a genetic tendency towards poor impulse control, which they then passed on to their children?
Dr. Leve: Yeah, those are very important questions, Jim, and animal studies have shown that smoking during pregnancy does affect brain circuitry in nonhuman animals. In our study, we are not able to examine the children's brain function directly, but what we can do is separate out the effects that are due to circumstances and events that occur after birth from the events that occurred before birth. We know from other studies that the tendency to smoke is influenced by genes, and in our study the link between smoking during pregnancy and child behavior problems could be due to genes passed on from the biological mother to the child, or they could be due to changes in the child's brain development. And in either case, our study essentially allows us to more definitively conclude that what happens before birth can significantly affect children's behavior problems and that these effects are strong enough to be found across the three studies and across mother, father, and teacher ratings of children's behavior problems.
Dr. Griffin: OK. But what about how much a mother smokes? Do mothers who were heavier smokers have more impulsive children?
Dr. Leve: Yes. That is exactly what we found. So, we grouped families according to whether the child's biological mother had smoked at all during her pregnancy, whether she'd smoked one to nine cigarettes per day, or whether she smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day. And we found the associations between the amount of smoking so that parents and teachers were more likely to report conduct problems among children whose mother smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day than among those who smoked less than that or who didn't smoke at all, and therefore heavier smoking during pregnancy was really the most detrimental to children's adjustment.
Dr. Griffin: OK. In addition to the link between these behavioral problems and smoking during pregnancy, what other problems have been observed in the children of women who smoked during pregnancy?
Dr. Leve: Well, other studies have shown that smoking during pregnancy has been linked with complications very early in development, such as miscarriage, preterm birth, some birth defects, low birthweight, and even Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS. But we also know that smoking during pregnancy has been linked with problems for children later in development, such as aggression, antisocial behavior, and even their own later smoking behavior.
Dr. Griffin: OK. Thank you so much, Leslie, for telling us about this important work. That was Dr. Leslie Leve. And I want to let people know that, again, there's resources available if you're a woman who smokes and you're thinking about becoming pregnant or you already are pregnant and would like to quit. You can go to--all one word--SmokeFree.gov, that's SmokeFree.G-O-V, for more information on how to quit smoking.
And that concludes our Research Conversation for today. I'd like to thank Dr. Leve again for taking the time to speak with us and I'd like to thank our listeners for joining us.


text:
Jan Lauwers & Needcompany [BE]
War and Turpentine
Between art and war
Just before he died, author Stefan Hertmans' grandfather gave him several full notebooks. For years, Hertmans did not dare to read them – until he did and discovered surprising secrets. He read about an impoverished youth in Ghent, horrific experiences as a soldier at the front during WWI, and a great love who died young. Years of fascination for his grandfather's life eventually led Hertmans to write War and Turpentine. The book has been translated into ten languages and was even longlisted for the coveted Man Booker International Prize.
Jan Lauwers is now presenting a theatre adaptation of the gripping epic. Following the success of Isabella's Room (2004) about his own family history, and The blind poet (2015) about the ancestors of all the members of Needcompany, he is now exploring somebody else's family history. One that is situated between art and war and in the midst of the struggle for Flemish emancipation. It is difficult to imagine richer source material for Lauwers' humanist theatrical style.
#Repertoire
directing, set design, stage adaptation Jan Lauwers | based on the novel War and Turpentine by Stefan Hertmans | composer Rombout Willems | with Viviane De Muynck, Grace Ellen Barkey, Alain Franco (piano), Benoit Gob, Simon Lenski (cello), Sarah Lutz, Elik Niv, Maarten Seghers, Mohamed Toukabri, Romy Louise Lauwers (replacing Mélissa Guérin), George Van Dam (violin), | costumes Lot Lemm | dramaturgy Elke Janssens | production Marjolein Demey l technique Marjolein Demey, Gwen Laroche | intern Bosse Provoost | production Needcompany | co-production Toneelhuis (Antwerp), Festival de Marseille, provincie West-Vlaanderen | support the Flemish authorities
programme booklet
Duration: 2 h
Surtitled: English , Français
Website: www.needcompany.org
Tue 27 March 2018
Wed 28 March 2018
Thu 29 March 2018
Fri 30 March 2018


text:
Pakistani YouTuber Irfan Junejo Acquires a Special Shoutout on YouTube's Official Instagram
By Mohsin Ali People September 24, 2021
The realm of Youtube is huge where content creators around the world showcase their talent in different topics from tech to travel.
Pakistan has a very low number in terms of Youtube content creators despite the fact that you can earn a handsome amount on Youtube by sharing original content. However, in the past few years, a few talented content creators have emerged from Pakistan and one of them is Irfan Junejo who has done exceptionally well and has gathered more than one hundred thousand subscribers in just one year.
Irfan creates vlogs, tech reviews, and everyday life videos on Youtube and hosts his own show on Youtube by the name of "The Jo Bhi show".
Related: Irfan Junejo Returns to Youtube
Irfan is not only popular in Pakistan but he enjoys a fan following from different parts of the world such as India and USA.
Youtube has recently recognized this talented content creator from Pakistan and gave him a shoutout on Youtube Stories. Youtube posted a story in which they appreciated well-known Youtubers from around the well and Irfan Junejo was one of them. This comes as a confidence boost and becomes a motivation factor for other Youtuber content producers and aspirants from Pakistan.
Youtube promoted Irfan Junejo and asked the users to subscribe to his channel.
Irfan Junejo has made a name for himself and is regarded as one of the best content creators in Pakistan. He is popular because his message resonates with the general public and people, especially youngsters, can relate to him. "People see themselves in me", said Junejo in one of the Youtube shows in which he was the guest. His message is straightforward and talks about everyday life and issues.
Follow Irfan Junjo and check out his content.
Related: Top 20 Pakistani YouTubers That You Should be Following
Irfan Junejo Returns to Youtube
Is Artistic Freedom and Creativity Lacking in Pursuit of Creating Too Much Content?
Top 20 Pakistani Youtubers That You Should be Following
Tabish Hashmi's TBH Show Takes Internet by Storm
Emerging Stand Up Comedians in Pakistan
InstagramIrfan JunejoSocial MediaYouTube


text:
The global assessment of the World Biodiversity Council IPBES paints a dramatic picture of the situation of biological diversity on earth and calls for profound change.
Coral reefs are the habitat of many animals. But they are becoming increasingly rare.
How has biodiversity changed in recent decades? What are the causes and how can the loss of biodiversity be stopped? In the first global report on biodiversity, the World Biodiversity Council (IPBES) provides answers. The 1,500-page Global Assessment was presented to the public on 6 May in Paris – the most comprehensive report on this topic ever completed. 145 lead authors from 51 countries, including seven scientists from Germany, were involved. Over the past three years, 15,000 studies on the development of fauna and flora have been compiled, analyzed and supplemented by comments. For the first time, the knowledge of indigenous peoples was also taken into account.
The seven German lead authors all work at research institutes of the Helmholtz Association or the Leibniz Association. Four of them answered the questions of journalists in Berlin on 7 May, gave insights into the marathon of negotiations at the IPBES General Assembly in Paris and into the results of the IPBES report. " It was an amazingly positive and constructive atmosphere in Paris", reports Josef Settele. The researcher is an agricultural scientist at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) and was one of the three co-chairs of the "Global Assessment". His work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Federal Environment Ministry, among others.
Representatives from 132 member states, including the USA, debated the wording of the report for a week and finally voted on it. "The international community was able to reach a good consensus. Nothing has really been thrown out," adds Ralf Seppelt of the UFZ and lead author of the chapter "Scenarios and Ways into a Sustainable Future".
One million species threatened with extinction
For the first time, the IPBES report comprehensively describes the state of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and how biodiversity has changed since 2005. The facts are alarming. Whether on land, in water or in the air, the number of animal and plant species is declining dramatically worldwide. The extinction of species has never been as high as it is today. About one million of the currently known eight million animal and plant species are threatened with extinction over the next few years if humans do not change their way of life, say the authors. "We must not bite the hand that feeds us. We must make this clear to people," said marine ecologist Julian Gutt of the Alfred Wegener Institute and lead author of the chapter "Status and Trends in Nature".
The facts: 66% of the oceans have been changed by humans. 50% of coral reefs have disappeared in the past 150 years. The destruction of coastal areas such as mangrove forests endangers the livelihoods of up to 300 million people. Overfishing affects 33% of all fish populations, threatening many people's ability to feed themselves. "We must manage to use the oceans more sustainably," said Gutt. "But its utilization must be designed in such a way that ecosystems are preserved and can also supply future generations." The expansion of protected areas or fishing quotas would be suitable measures.
IPBES: Global assessment report on biodiversity
IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers: PDF Download
Assessment Co-Chairs Bios and Photos: PDF Download
Almost a quarter of land unusable
The loss of species on land is equally high: 85% of all wetlands have already been destroyed. 100 million hectares of tropical rainforest were cleared between 1980 and 2000, a further 32 million hectares between 2010 and 2015 alone. 23% of all land worldwide is now ecologically depleted and can no longer be cultivated. In addition, food production is threatened by the increasing loss of pollinator insects. The losses are estimated at up to 577 billion US-dollars. Among the animals threatened with extinction are primarily amphibians and birds, but also mammals, reptiles and fish.
More than a third of the land surface and almost 75% of freshwater resources are currently used for plant or livestock production. According to the IPBES report, plant production has increased by about 300% since 1970 and wood production by about 45%. "Every year, around 60 billion tonnes of renewable and non-renewable raw materials are extracted from nature worldwide - almost twice as much as in 1980," says Seppelt. "We are beginning to reach the natural limits of what is possible."
But what are the causes of species extinction? The authors make it clear that the loss of biodiversity is not solely due to environmental problems, but is also influenced by development, the economy, politics and, above all, social aspects. Nevertheless, five main drivers are named: First and foremost is the increasing use of land and sea by humans. In second place is the direct use of certain organisms such as intensive cod fishing, in third place climate change, fourth pollution and fifth invasive alien species. "The increasing use of soils and oceans, climate change and pollution are man-made and some of the main drivers of species extinction," says Settele. The result is a dramatic loss of biodiversity and thus of ecosystem performance worldwide.
Transformative change needed
In addition to the current situation, the report also identifies opportunities for the future. The authors are convinced that despite the dramatic development, there is still time to take counter-measures. The report also aims to better assess the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations in 2015. "The trend is depressing," summed up landscape ecologist Ralf Seppelt: "The global sustainability goals can only be achieved through transformative change. Climate change, the deterioration of nature and a good quality of life are closely interlinked". "There are solutions, but there is still plenty of room for improvement," added marine ecologist Julian Gutt. His conclusion: "It makes no sense to fight climate change and deplete the oceans of fish at the same time. You have to combine the sustainability goals."
Recommendations for political action
But how can nature be used more sustainably in the future? In addition to sustainable production and consumption patterns, two points are decisive for the authors: firstly, the world population must grow more slowly than before, and secondly, meat consumption must be reduced. However, the authors do not believe in bans. They want to convince with facts. "We want to bring the issue of sustainability into politics by highlighting the consequences of action," Settele emphasizes. Without fundamental changes in the economy, technology and society, this change will not succeed. "It seems particularly important to me that people finally understand that resources are really limited," explains Almut Arneth from the Institute for Meteorology and Climate at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and lead author of the chapter "Future Scenarios". "One person alone will achieve nothing. Consumers have just as much responsibility as large companies or schools," says Arneth.
With its global assessment, the World Biodiversity Council has created a working basis for the World Biodiversity Conference taking place in China in 2020. The authors hope that this report will serve as a basis for the adoption of a joint species protection agreement binding for the international community.
bb/um
News: Biodiversity under attack
Interview: Capturing global biodiversity
Statistic: FAO (2019): The State of the World's Biodiversity
Using algae sugar as a resource
Porsches built with natural fibres
Triple meds from artificial DNA
Green walls for better air
Only You Can Identify Your Dream Career
A battery made from renewables
Studies and statistics
Bertelsmann Foundation (2019): Sustainable Development Report
Modern wheat varieties are strong performers
Better larval feed for aquafarms
Ready-made salad: a hotbed for germs
AI for more sustainability
Pluripotent stem cells from pigs
EU funds bioplastics research
KI revolutionizes protein analysis


text:
The QE Debate
An Alternative Brexit Polemic
By Frances Coppola - February 23, 2018
You would think, wouldn't you, that an "Alternative Brexit Economic Analysis" by four highly experienced and qualified economists would be a rigorous exercise in economic forecasting, supported by excellent econometrics and with care taken to avoid confirmation and selection bias? A new paper from the Brexit-supporting thinktank Economists for Free Trade critiques the Government's recent forecast that Brexit would cause a GDP loss of between 2 and 8 percent over 15 years relative to remaining in the EU, with the "hardest" Brexit causing the greatest loss. Or at least, that's what the paper says it is doing. But the way it goes about it is decidedly odd for something claiming to be an "Alternative Brexit Economic Analysis". The first section of the report is an extensive discussion of the reasons why no-one should ever believe forecasts produced by the UK Civil Service. The authors argued that because HMT's forecasts are frequently w
The misery of Mitie
The failure of Carillion has brought to light widespread moral hazard in the outsourcing sector. For years, companies that deliver crucial public services relied on expectation of government support to keep their borrowing costs low and enable them to please shareholders by giving dividends they couldn't afford. They, and the banks and investors that funded them, assumed they were too important to fail. So when Carillion was on the brink of failure, RBS tightened the screws , clearly believing that the UK government would eventually cough up (my emphasis) : RBS....insisted that this revised arrangement "would be in place until support from [the Government] had been agreed and that the terms of this support would determine whether other uncommitted facilities with RBS would be withdrawn". But they were wrong. The UK government refused to provide support, preferring to allow Carillion to fail. That decision shocked the outsourcing sector to the core. In effect, it ha


Police pepper sprayed Ferguson-Mike Brwon protesters today who tried to push their way into City Hall.
Three arrests at City Hall. All were charged with Failure to Disperse and one was additionally charged with Assault 3rd on LEO.


text:
Mains of Cowie appeal rejected
Mains of Cowie site
Scottish Ministers have upheld a 2016 decision by Aberdeenshire councillors to turn down an application for a mixed-use development at Mains of Cowie in Stonehaven, including 250 houses, a school and a supermarket.
Developers Stewart Milne had appealed against the decision, but, after a site visit in December, a reporter appointed by the Scottish Government upheld Aberdeenshire Council's decision.
The report prepared by the Scottish Ministers said that Mains of Cowie was agricultural land outwith Stonehaven's development boundary, and that there were now plans to build a supermarket at Ury, meaning that there was no need for another one at the site.
The report also states that, as ground to the south of Stonehaven was being reserved for a new primary school for the town, there was no requirement for a school at Mains of Cowie either. It added that an extra 250 houses would put pressure on existing infrastructure and facilities within the town.
At the time of the original application, local authority planning officersa said of the application: "Due to its scale, composition and situation within the visual envelope of Stonehaven the proposal is considered to have a detrimental impact on the existing landscape character and setting of Stonehaven and on the valued Black Hill.
"At the present time, the social and economic benefits of the proposed development are not considered to outweigh the agricultural value of this site."
What do you think? Email news@mearnsleader.com
Nicola Sturgeon: the Scottish Parliament's greatest achievements


We are redoing a pond of about an acre and need to raise the spill way about a foot. It is concret tile like used for drive ways in dirt dam. Don't want to dig it out due to concerns about it washing out. Have thought about inserting PVC pipe with elbow turned up and short lenght of pipe so the water falls into. Really all we need to do is raise water level to the top of the current pipe. I need to know how to seal betwen the pvc pipe and the concrete tile. Premix concrete is my best thought.
Hydraulic cement. I've seen divers use it to patch leaks in concrete swimming pools - that are full of water!! I use it to plug leaks in my basement walls - from the inside. It expands as it dries, and believe me - it dries quickly. And as the divers clearly demonstrated, it even dries underwater.
If the attachment-space between plastic and stone is wet, mortar cement like Sacrete will do it if the area can be protected for an hour. If it is or can be made dry, the industrial adhesive PL400 (comes in a jumbo cartridge or in pails) will stick the two. It's not fast-drying and isn't as easy to work as Sacrete, but it holds forever like epoxy, doesn't cost much, and does not contract as it hardens.
How big is the pipe. What about a large rubber connection sleeve, with a couple of huge hose clamps on it. I have seen these up to 8" in the plumbing section of TSC. I have a smaller version of one at home where it's is used to connect 4" pvc to 4" cast iron.
The concrete pipe is at least 12 inche diameter but we think 10 inch pvc will be large enough. But thanks for the suggestion for had not thought about TSC having the pipe I needed. Was looking at 45 miles away.
Ken, when we have to do drains on the ponds we do them as multiples.
In fact, we usually also stagger them slightly in elevation too.
Instead of using a 12" pipe which can be ungainly, get a 12" step down adapter (any place that sells municipal water or sewer pipe will have them) to say 10" and then put a "street T" (the incoming meets at a shallow angle or a bend shape) and step down to say 8" and do the same, but have the stand pipe coming up end an inch higher, then step down to say 6" and repeat with the stand pipe being still another inch higher.
This way you will have 3 outlets, ranging in height from water level, to 1" above and finally to 2" above water level. Doing it this way, as the water rises so does the capacity to carry it away. If you look at a typical spillway, the opening is usually a trapezoid, getting wider as it goes up, this is to allow for an increasing volume of water as the level rises.
Finally, if you are going to use a vertical drain(s), be sure to protect the top with a cage of some form to prevent floating debris (or critters if that's an issue) from clogging it up.


text:
newsdesk dot org (https://newsdesk.org/2010/05/05/newsdesks-toxic-tour-wins-spj-award/)
Bay Area Toxic Tour
Newsdesk wins SPJ award
By Amy Gahran, Knight Digital Media Center
Where does great journalism come from? While established, mainstream news organizations continue to produce great work, the latest crop of SPJ Sigma Delta Chi award winners (announced May 3) included a surprise in the "online" category. The multimedia series Bay Area Toxic Tour: West Oakland was published by the nonprofit online news packager/distributor Newsdesk.org—and crowdfunded by through Spot.us.
Photos: Kim Komenich
How this series came together offers valuable lessons on how high-quality, hard-hitting, hard-to-do local journalism can still happen—despite a lack or resources, or despite that these stories often don't quite fit comfortably within the traditional news model.
The reporting/editorial team for this project (which was published in several installments May-June 2009) included journalist Kwan Booth, Pulitzer prize-winning photographer Kim Komenich, and editor Josh Wilson of Newsdesk.org.
The purpose of this coverage was to convey what life is like in a city neighborhood where heavy pollution is only one of many daunting daily challenges. This series focused on West Oakland, CA—a low-income, predominantly African-American neighborhood hemmed in by one of the nation's busiest ports and two major freeways. High asthma rates and other health problems abound due to severe local air pollution.
"Usually, coverage of public health and the environment in poor urban neighborhoods comes and goes, it's event-driven," explained Spot.us founder David Cohn. "But these issues are part of people's lives day to day, and they need to be covered outside the context of some kind of emergency."
Booth, who has lived in West Oakland for years, noted that doing this kind of reporting is especially challenging. Often residents of poor, marginalized neighborhoods are often profoundly distrustful of media attention—so the detached, objective approach of traditional mainstream journalism can backfire.
"You have to be very clear about who you're trying to serve with this kind of journalism—and make sure that you're actually going to be helpful to the people who live in the community you're covering. Don't just exoticize them or put them on display." said Booth. "I'd been reporting on West Oakland for five or six years—but usually for community organizations with direct ties to that community. Every member of the project team, we all had to be vetted by the community, to prove that we had their best interests at heart."
Being useful to the community also means going the extra mile on distribution. Realizing that many of the people interviewed for the Toxic Tour have little or no internet access, Booth personally printed the stories that ran online, copied them, and distributed them in packets to key West Oakland residents who'd assisted with the reporting.
According to Wilson, the Toxic Tour concept arose about a decade earlier, when he and reporter Virgil Porter both worked at the San Francisco Chronicle. "Virgil was bored, so we decided to drive around to take pictures of something interesting. I said, 'Hey, what about the port?' So we developed the idea of using journalism to provide a tour of polluted places."
Wilson added, "The trouble is, it's very hard to raise money for that kind of ongoing coverage through traditional grantseeking, and it's hard to get more than an occasional story like that run at a mainstream news organization. We needed a mechanism like Spot.us to be able to connect with individual donors to make this happen."
Booth and Komenich started work on the project during the fundraising campaign. Eventually about $1800 was raised through a Spot.us pitch and a couple of small fundraiser events, from over 70 donors (mostly individuals, but some organizations).
Spot.us founder David Cohn explained that this project came together differently from other stories pitched through his journalism crowdfunding service. "It was one of our first pitches proposed as a beat, not as a one-off story," he said. "We kind of jumped out the window and then started making our parachute."
Wilson elaborated, "The journalists were capable and committed. They started working on this right away, as fundraising was just getting started, without knowing exactly how much they'd get paid. They put out tremendous effort and nobly sacrificed on the pay scale to make this happen. The result is an amazing, rich multimedia series." (The series includes photos, embedded audio, photo slideshows with audio, interviews, and in-depth reporting.)
SPJ's coveted Sigma Delta Chi awards provide national recognition and credibility. Wilson hopes to parlay this attention to extend, expand, and fund the Toxic Tour vision.
"This isn't just a series—it's a template we hope to replicate," said Wilson. He, Komenich, and Booth are already hatching plans to expand the Toxic Tour initially to other parts of the Bay Area, most likely starting with the Bayview-Hunters Point section of San Francisco, or Richmond or Pittsburg (cities north of Oakland on the East Bay).
Wilson plans to use Spot.us to help fund the continuing Toxic Tour in the Bay Area, and perhaps in and other Spot.us cities (Los Angeles and Seattle). He also believes the SPJ award will make it easier to convince grantmakers to fund this work at much greater levels.
"I think award will give our existing coverage a longer shelf life, as well as raise the profile of this coverage with potential funders. They'll see we succeeded in producing great content and having an impact," said Wilson. "But even on Spot.us, I think that if potential individual donors for an expanded Toxic Tour see that it won a major journalism award, that will make it more appealing for them to donate to the followup."
Booth emphasized that, especially when you're courting multiple funding sources, it's important to clarify the needs of the community. What kind of reporting would help community members improve their neighborhood and their lives?
"It was great that we had so many Spot.us donors, we couldn't have done this without them. But most of those donors probably do not live in West Oakland. We had to make sure that this story was very useful to people from West Oakland, while also meeting donor expectations. I think the work we've produced so far will probably help us gain community trust going forward."
Asked whether he thought the Toxic Tour award indicated anything about SPJ's evolving mindset about where good journalism can come from, Booth replied: "I'm not sure how much that evolution is voluntary or out of necessity. I think that as new members keep coming in, SPJ may finally be starting to get past reflexive fears about advocacy and new media."
Reporters and others who are interested in helping with the Toxic Tour beyond the Bay Area are encouraged to contact Josh Wilson at Newsdesk.org.
6 thoughts on "Newsdesk wins SPJ award"
David Shaw on May 7, 2010 at 9:54 am said:
Congratulations to Newsdesk and especially to Josh who helped make this happen through his vision of a medium that can be meaningful to people's lives.
Ben Watson on May 8, 2010 at 4:09 am said:
Excellent work,well done.
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US Election and Prince in the Afterlife.
I avoided this. Take note: I did not want to discuss this with him so I avoided contact for two weeks after the election. I knew he would want to share and assist us in understanding things and moving on, especially when I saw one of his News friends the night of the election when it was early on, the guy was on a panel, I am not sure of his name, he has round glasses and is African American, he worked for Obama at one time as I recall. When he came on, I felt a soul yell. Like this is the person Prince would have been talking with about the election.
I know Prince was into current events. And I was not happy about talking politics with him during this time. Yet, I think it came to be a nice channel for us. And we didn't talk politics, we talked humanity. Which is very different. As you will hear.
Click here to listen to the US Election with Prince in the afterlife audio.
As always, love to listen to your recordings, it really helps so much to understand what this connection to Prince is all about, thank you for all that you do!