4M's Annual Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture.
An overview of the structure and operation of the network since its inception, illustrating the network's progress towards its goals.
Micro product application requirements and technologies as perceived by the 4M Network and industrialists.
To continue and sustain the relationships created during the lifetime of the Network we have formed the 4M Association, and it started 1st October 2008. Take a look at the new 4M Association website to find out more.
Submitted on November 7, 2008 - 13:48.
Submitted on October 1, 2008 - 09:47.
At this year's 4M conference we were able, thanks to the generous sponsorship of Commercial Micro Manufacturing magazine, to offer a prize for the best paper.
Submitted on September 22, 2008 - 08:58.
4M2008, the 4th annual conference of the 4M Network of Excellence will be held on 9th – 11th September 2008 at the Julian Hodge, Cardiff, UK. To secure your place please register here by 13th August 2008. Full detailed programme now available.
Submitted on September 1, 2008 - 09:30.
Submitted on December 8, 2006 - 13:50.


Petitioner union filed this suit, alleging that respondent company began to lay off workers in connection with the closing of one of its plants before giving the union the closing notice required by the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (the WARN Act), and seeking backpay for each of its affected members. The District Court dismissed the complaint, and the Court of Appeals affirmed, holding that the suit was barred because the union failed to meet the third part of the test for determining associational standing.
1. The WARN Act grants a union authority to sue for damages on behalf of its members, North Star Steel Co. v. Thomas, 515 U.S. ___, ___; the writ of certiorari therefore was not improvidently granted. Pp. 3-6.
2. The union has standing to bring this action. Pp. 6-15.
(a) Under modern associational standing doctrine, an organization may sue to redress its members' injuries when: "(a) its members would otherwise have standing to sue in their own right; (b) the interests it seeks to protect are germane to the organization's purpose; and (c) neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested requires the participation of individual members in the lawsuit." Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm'n, 432 U.S. 333, 343 . The requirement of individual participation has been understood to preclude associational standing when an organization seeks damages on behalf of its members. The question here is whether a bar to the union's suit found in this third prong of the test is constitutional and absolute, or prudential and malleable by Congress. The Court of Appeals apparently concluded that the test's third prong is of constitutional character, for it denied standing even though the WARN Act permits the union to sue Page II for its members' damages. Pp. 6-10.
(b) The test's first prong is grounded in Article III as an element of the constitutional case or controversy requirement. Resort to general principles, however, leads to the conclusion that the third prong is a prudential impediment that Congress may abrogate. Hunt's requirement that an organization suing as representative include at least one member with standing to present, in his or her own right, the claim pleaded by the association is an Article III necessity for the an association's representative suit. Hunt's second prong is complementary to the first, because it raises an assurance that the association's litigators will themselves have a stake in the resolution of the dispute, and thus be in a position to serve as the defendant's natural adversary. But once an association has satisfied Hunt's first and second prongs assuring adversarial vigor in pursuing a claim for which member Article III standing exists, it is difficult to see a constitutional necessity for anything more.
The third prong is best seen as focusing on matters of administrative convenience and efficiency, not on elements of a case or controversy. Circumstantial evidence of that prong's prudential nature is seen in the wide variety of other contexts in which a statute, federal rule, or accepted common-law practice permits one person to sue on behalf of another, even where damages are sought. See, e.g., 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(f) (1). Pp. 10-15.
50 F.3d 1426, reversed and remanded.
The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (the WARN Act), 102 Stat. 890, 29 U.S.C. 2101 et seq., obligates certain employers to give workers or their union 60 days' notice before a plant closing or mass layoff. If an employer fails to give the notice, the employees may sue for backpay for each day of the violation, and, in the alternative, the union is ostensibly authorized to sue on their behalf. See North Star Steel Co. v. Thomas, 515 U.S. ___ (1995); Part II, infra.
Permitting a union to sue under the Act on behalf of its employee-members raises a question of standing. In Hunt v. Washington State Apple Advertising Comm'n, 432 U.S. 333 (1977), we described a three-prong test for an association's standing to sue based on injury to one of its members. The third element, at issue here, would bar such a suit when "the claim asserted [or] the relief requested requires the participation of individual members in the lawsuit." Id., at 343. Relying on Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490 (1975), Hunt held that "individual participation" is not normally necessary when an association seeks prospective or injunctive relief for its members, but indicated that such participation would be required in an action for damages to an association's members, thus suggesting that an association's action for damages [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 2] running solely to its members would be barred for want of the association's standing to sue. See Hunt, supra, at 343.
The questions presented here are whether, in enacting the WARN Act, Congress intended to abrogate this otherwise applicable standing limitation so as to permit the union to sue for damages running to its workers, and, if it did, whether it had the constitutional authority to do so. We answer yes to each question.
On January 17, 1992, respondent Brown Shoe Company wrote to a representative of the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, stating that Brown Shoe would shut down its Dixon, Missouri, plant and permanently lay off 277 employees beginning on March 20, 1992. App. 62-63. The complaint filed by petitioner United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 751 charged that Brown Shoe's representations were false insofar as they are relevant here, and that in fact, even before sending the letter, Brown Shoe had begun the layoffs, which continued through February and into March. App 8-9. 1 The union accordingly claimed a violation of the WARN Act and sought the statutory remedy of 60-days' backpay for each of its affected members.
The District Court dismissed the complaint under Fed. Rule Civ. Proc. 12(b)(6), saying that "when an organization seeks to recover monetary relief on behalf of its members, courts have found that such claims necessarily require participation of individual members in the suit." 820 F. Supp. 1192, 1193-1194 (ED Mo. 1993). The Court of Appeals for the [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 3] Eighth Circuit affirmed, concluding that "[e]ach union member who wishes to recover WARN Act damages from Brown Shoe must participate in the suit so that his or her right to damages can be determined and the quantum of damages can be calculated by the court on the basis of particularized proof. Therefore, the union cannot meet the third part of the Hunt test and is precluded from asserting associational standing." 50 F.3d 1426, 1432 (1995). 2 We granted certiorari, 516 U.S. ___ (1995), and now reverse.
At the outset, Brown Shoe argues that the WARN Act grants a union no authority to sue for damages on behalf of its members. Because the question on which we granted certiorari (whether Congress has the constitutional authority to alter the third prong of the associational standing enquiry) assumes that the WARN Act does grant the union such authority, Brown Shoe urges us to declare the writ of certiorari improvidently granted. In North Star Steel, however, we noted, contrary to Brown Shoe's position, that "[t]he class of plaintiffs" who may sue for backpay under the WARN Act "includes aggrieved employees (or their unions, as representatives)." 515 U.S., at ___ (slip op., at 2), and on further consideration we have no doubt that we were reading the statute correctly.
The key requirement of the Act is found in 2102, which prohibits an employer from ordering "a plant closing or mass layoff until the end of a 60-day period" running from the date of the employer's written notice of the closing or layoff "(1) to each representative of the affected employees as of the time [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 4] of the notice or, if there is no such representative at that time, to each affected employee," and "(2) to the State dislocated worker unit . . . and the chief elected official of the unit of local government within which such closing or layoff is to occur." 29 U.S.C. 2102(a). Congress defined the "representative" to which 2102(a)(1) refers as the employees' union, "an exclusive representative of employees within the meaning of section 9(a) or 8(f) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 159(a), 158(f)) or section 2 of the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 152)." 102 Stat. 890, 29 U.S.C. 2101(a)(4).
Enforcement of the 2102 notice requirement is addressed in 2104(a), the following provisions of which answer Brown Shoe's argument. Section 2104(a)(1) makes a violating employer liable to "each aggrieved employee" for backpay and benefits for each day of the violation. 3 Section 2104(a)(5) provides that "[a] person seeking to enforce such liability, including a representative of employees . . . aggrieved under paragraph (1) . . . may sue either for such person or for other persons similarly situated, or both [in an appropriate district court]."
Since the union is the "representative of employees . . . [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 5] aggrieved," it is a person who may sue on behalf of the "persons similarly situated" in order to "enforce such liability." "[S]uch liability" must refer to liability under 2104, since its remedies are exclusive. See 29 U.S.C. 2104(b). Because the section makes no provision for liability to the union itself, any "such liability" sought by the union must (so far as concerns us here) be liability to its employee-members, so long as they can be understood to be "persons similarly situated" for the purposes of the Act. We believe they may be so understood, since each is aggrieved by the employer's failure to give timely notice.
Brown Shoe's alternative construction is unconvincing. It contends that a previous bill would have imposed civil liability on employers who failed to notify the union of a plant closing or mass layoff, and would have permitted the union to sue to recover a penalty where an employer failed to provide the required notice. See S. 538, 100th Cong., 1st Sess. (1987). In the ultimately enacted version of the legislation, Congress eliminated this provision, with the result that the WARN Act no longer speaks to the "rights and welfare of unions," Brief for Respondent 12. Brown Shoe's argument is that the class of persons "similarly situated" is the class entitled to sue for damages, so that the elimination of the union's entitlement to a civil penalty requires the conclusion that the union is no longer "similarly situated" to "employees . . . aggrieved under paragraph (1)," and thus not permitted to sue under the Act.
The flaw in this argument is that it would force us to conclude that the provision for suits by unions is attributable only to congressional inadvertence, whereas inadvertence is not the only possible, or even plausible, explanation for the authorization. For one, the statutory reference to persons "similarly situated" can very readily be understand to mean the class of persons to whom notice is owed but not given. In this respect, the union and its members are certainly persons "similarly situated." Brown Shoe's argument also fails to explain why Congress would necessarily have intended to [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 6] eliminate the union's power to sue on behalf of members (as Brown Shoe assumes the union could have done prior to the amendment) just because the union was no longer entitled to a penalty in its own right. The argument for Brown Shoe's preferred construction simply rests on one speculative possibility in opposing a straightforward reading of the provision that a union may bring suit on behalf of its members, who are "employees . . . aggrieved under paragraph (1)." Speculation loses, for the more natural reading of the statute's text, which would give effect to all of its provisions, always prevails over a mere suggestion to disregard or ignore duly enacted law as legislative oversight.
This brings us to the primary question in the case: whether the union has standing to bring this action on behalf of its members. 4 Article III of the Constitution limits the federal judicial power to "Cases" or "Controversies," thereby entailing as an "irreducible minimum" that there be (1) an injury in fact, (2) a causal relationship between the injury and the challenged conduct, and (3) a likelihood that the injury will be redressed by a favorable decision. See, e.g., Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville, 508 U.S. 656, 663 (1993); Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc., 454 U.S. 464, 472 (1982). Supplementing these constitutional requirements, the prudential doctrine of standing has come to encompass "several judicially [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 7] self-imposed limits on the exercise of federal jurisdiction." See Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 751 (1984); see also Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83, 97 (1968). The question here is whether a bar to the union's suit found in the test for so-called associational standing is constitutional and absolute, or prudential and malleable by Congress.
The notion that an organization might have standing to assert its members' injury has roots in NAACP v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson, 357 U.S. 449, 459 (1958), where the Court noted that for the purpose of determining the scope of the NAACP's rights as a litigant, the association "and its members are in every practical sense identical." The Court accordingly permitted the NAACP to rely on violations of its members' First Amendment associational rights in suing to bar the State of Alabama from compelling disclosure of the association's membership lists. See also Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 183 -187 (1951) (Jackson, J., concurring); Barrows v. Jackson, 346 U.S. 249, 255 -259 (1953); NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 428 (1963); National Motor Freight Traffic Assn., Inc. v. United States, 372 U.S. 246, 247 (1963); Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727, 739 (1972).
The modern doctrine of associational standing, under which an organization may sue to redress its members' injuries, even without a showing of injury to the association itself, emerges from a trilogy of cases. We first squarely recognized an organization's standing to bring such a suit in Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490 (1975).
"The association must allege that its members, or any one of them, are suffering immediate or threatened injury as a result of the challenged action of the sort that would make out a justiciable case had the members themselves brought suit. . . . [S]o long as the nature of the claim and of the relief sought does not make the individual participation of each injured party indispensable to proper [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 8] resolution of the cause, the association may be an appropriate representative of its members, entitled to invoke the court's jurisdiction." Id., at 511.
"[W]e have recognized that an association has standing to bring suit on behalf of its members when: (a) its members would otherwise have standing to sue in their own right; (b) the interests it seeks to protect are germane to the organization's purpose; and (c) neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested requires the participation of individual members in the lawsuit." Hunt, 432 U.S., at 343 .
Finally, in Automobile Workers v. Brock, 477 U.S. 274 (1986), we held that a union had standing to challenge an agency's construction of a statute providing benefits to workers who lost their jobs because of competition from imports. The union there did not allege any injury to itself, nor was it argued that the members' associational rights were affected. Reaffirming and applying the three-part test emerging from Warth and Hunt, we held that the union had standing to bring the suit. Id., at 281-288. See also Pennell v. San Jose, 485 U.S. 1, 7 , and n. 3 (1988).
Although Warth noted that the test's first requirement, that at least one of the organization's members would have standing to sue on his own, is grounded on Article III as an element of "the constitutional requirement of a case or controversy," Warth, supra, at 511, our cases have not otherwise clearly disentangled the constitutional from the prudential strands of the associational standing test. Cf. Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc., 454 U.S., at 471 ("it has not always been clear in the opinions of this Court whether particular features of the `standing' requirement have been required by Art. III ex proprio vigore, or whether they are requirements that the Court itself has erected and which were not compelled by the language of the Constitution"); June, The Structure of Standing Requirements for Citizen Suits and the Scope of Congressional Power, 24 Envtl. L. 761, 793 (1994) (noting uncertainty "whether requirements such as [associational] standing are constitutional or prudential in nature"). Resort to general principles, however, leads us to say that the associational standing test's third prong is a prudential one.
There are two ways in which Hunt addresses the Article III requirements of injury in fact, causal connection to the defendant's conduct, and redressability. First and most obviously, it guarantees the satisfaction of these elements by requiring an organization suing as representative to include at least one member with standing to present, in his or her own right, the claim (or the type of claim) pleaded by the association. As Hunt's most direct address to Article III standing, this first prong can only be seen as itself an Article III necessity for an association's representative suit. Cf. Simon v. Eastern Kentucky Welfare Rights Organization, 426 U.S. 26, 40 (1976) (the association "can establish standing only as representatives of those of their members who have been injured in fact, and thus could have brought suit in their own right"). Hunt's second prong is, at the least, complementary to the [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 11] first, for its demand that an association plaintiff be organized for a purpose germane to the subject of its member's claim raises an assurance that the association's litigators will themselves have a stake in the resolution of the dispute, and thus be in a position to serve as the defendant's natural adversary. 6 But once an association has satisfied Hunt's first and second prongs assuring adversarial vigor in pursuing a claim for which member Article III standing exists, it is difficult to see a constitutional necessity for anything more. See generally Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560 -561 (1992). To see Hunt's third prong as resting on less than constitutional necessity is not, of course, to rob it of its value. It may well promote adversarial intensity. It may guard against the hazard of litigating a case to the damages stage only to find the plaintiff lacking detailed records or the evidence necessary to show the harm with sufficient specificity. [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 12] And it may hedge against any risk that the damages recovered by the association will fail to find their way into the pockets of the members on whose behalf injury is claimed. But these considerations are generally on point whenever one plaintiff sues for another's injury. And although we noted in Flast that "a litigant will ordinarily not be permitted to assert the rights of absent third parties," 392 U.S., at 99 , n. 20; see also Valley Forge, supra, at 474, we recognized in Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S., at 751 , that "the general prohibition on a litigant's raising another person's legal rights" is a "judicially self-imposed limi[t] on the exercise of federal jurisdiction," not a constitutional mandate. Indeed, the entire doctrine of "representational standing," of which the notion of "associational standing" is only one strand, rests on the premise that in certain circumstances, particular relationships (recognized either by common-law tradition 7 or by statute 8 ) are sufficient to rebut the background presumption (in the statutory context, about Congress's intent) that litigants may not assert the rights of absent third parties. Hence the third prong of the associational standing test is best seen as focusing on these matters of administrative convenience and efficiency, not on elements of a case or controversy within the meaning of the Constitution.
Circumstantial evidence of the prudential nature of this requirement is seen in the wide variety of other contexts in which a statute, federal rule, or accepted common-law practice permits one person to sue on behalf of another, even where damages are sought. "[R]epresentative damages litigation is common - from class actions under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(b)(3) to suits by trustees representing hundreds of creditors in bankruptcy to parens patriae actions by state governments to [ FOOD & COMMERCIAL WORKERS v. BROWN GROUP, ___ U.S. ___ (1996) , 13] litigation by and against executors of decedents' estates." In re Oil Spill by the Amoco Cadiz off the Coast of France on Mar. 16, 1978, 954 F.2d 1279, 1319 (CA7 1992) (per curiam). In addition, 706(f)(1) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000e-5(f) (1), expressly authorizes the EEOC to sue for backpay on behalf of employees who are victims of employment discrimination, General Telephone Co. of Northwest v. EEOC, 446 U.S. 318 (1980), and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, 29 U.S.C. 201 et. seq., contains a comparable provision permitting the Secretary of Labor to sue for the recovery of unpaid minimum wages and overtime compensation, 29 U.S.C. 216(c). If these provisions for representative actions were generally resulting in nonadversarial actions that failed to resolve the claims of the individuals ultimately interested, their disservice to the core Article III requirements would be no secret. There is no reason to expect that union actions under the WARN Act portend any greater Article III incursions.
Because Congress authorized the union to sue for its members' damages, and because the only impediment to that suit is a general limitation, judicially fashioned and prudentially imposed, there is no question that Congress may abrogate the impediment. As we noted in Warth, prudential limitations are rules of "judicial self-governance" that "Congress may remove . . . by statute." Warth, 422 U.S., at 509 . It has done so without doubt in this instance.
[ Footnote 1 ] Because the District Court dismissed the complaint, for the purposes of deciding this appeal we assume the truth of this allegation. Nor do we reach the merits of, or any other issue about, the union's further complaint that Brown Shoe's letter was defective because it was sent to an individual who worked for the International. The complaint alleges that United Food Local 751, not the International or its employee, is the exclusive representative of the affected employees and is thus statutorily entitled to notice of the closing and mass layoff.
[ Footnote 2 ] The District Court had also denied the Union's motion to amend its complaint to add employees as plaintiffs. App. to Pet. for Cert. 18a-19a. The Court of Appeals held that the District Court's decision in this respect did not represent an abuse of its discretion. 50 F.3d, at 1432. The correctness of this determination is outside the scope of the questions presented here. See Pet. for Cert.
"(B) benefits under an employee benefit plan . . ., including the cost of medical expenses incurred during the employment loss which would have been covered under an employee benefit plan if the employment loss had not occurred.
"Such liability shall be calculated for the period of the violation, up to a maximum of 60 days, but in no event for more than one-half the number of days the employee was employed by the employer."
[ Footnote 4 ] The union also argues that it has standing because it suffered direct injury. The Court of Appeals held that the union lacked standing to assert its direct injury because neither backpay to the employees nor its "catch-all prayer for relief" would redress the union's injury. 50 F.3d 1426, 1431, n. 7 (CA8 1995). The union argues here that its injury would be redressed because an award of damages to the employees would deter future violations and would facilitate the union's role in assisting its members. In light of our resolution of the associational standing question, we do not have occasion today to address this issue.
[ Footnote 5 ] United Food argues that "given the simplified nature of the monetary relief here provided," Brief for Petitioner 44, n. 17, the third prong of the Hunt test is satisfied despite its claim for damages. In light of our conclusion that in the WARN Act Congress has abrogated the third prong of the associational standing test, we need not decide here whether, absent congressional action, the third prong would bar a "simplified" claim for damages.
[ Footnote 6 ] Because the union is statutorily entitled to receive notice under the WARN Act, and because of the paramount role, under federal labor law, that unions play in protecting the interests of their members, it is clear that this test is satisfied here. We therefore need not decide whether this prong is prudential in the sense that Congress may definitively declare that a particular relation is sufficient.
The germaneness of a suit to an association's purpose may, of course, satisfy a standing requirement without necessarily rendering the association's representation adequate to justify giving the association's suit preclusive effect as against an individual ostensibly represented. See generally Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts, 472 U.S. 797 (1985); Matsushita Elec. Industrial Co. v. Epstein, 516 U.S. ___ (1996) (GINSBURG, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) (slip op., at 9-14). See also Automobile Workers v. Brock, 477 U.S. 274, 289 (1986) ("an association might prove an inadequate representative of its members' legal interests for a number of reasons"); Note, Associational Standing and Due Process: The Need for an Adequate Representation Scrutiny, 61 B.U.L.Rev. 174 (1981). In this case, of course, no one disputes the adequacy of the union, selected by the employees following procedures governed by a detailed body of federal law and serving as the duly authorized collective bargaining representative of the employees, as an associational representative. See generally NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co., 395 U.S. 575 (1969).
[ Footnote 7 ] See, e.g., Whitmore v. Arkansas, 495 U.S. 149 (1990) (recognizing a next-friend's standing).


text:
McGregor's plans to extend £2.5m Ireland home with underground car park and gym rejected as 'inappropriate' by council
CONOR MCGREGOR has reportedly had an 'inappropriate' home extension plan rejected.
The UFC mega-star and his partner Dee Devlin have been refused permission for a large extension to their £2.5million house in Staffn by Kildare County Council.
Conor McGregor and Dee Devlin's house extension plans have been rejected by the councilCredit: Getty
The plans they had to renovate 'The Paddock' was deemed inappropriateCredit: Facebook
Planning files at the council show the couple gave the MMA fighter's personal assistant consent to seek planning permission for works on 'The Paddocks', their five-bedroom, six-bathroom home at Castledillon.
The luxury pad sits on landscaped gardens that come with its own equestrian facilities.
McGregor's plans included demolishing their detached garage and building a part-single, part-one-and-a-half-storey extension to the front, side and rear of the property.
He also wanted to move his personal tennis court and to build a partially sunken basement under it.
That basement would have a car park, gym and ancillary rooms.
The Irishman bought the property back in July 2019 from Albert Reynolds Jnr, the son of the former taoiseach.
However, they will now have to go back to the drawing board with their plans after the council ruled they were inappropriate for a rural area in the Liffey Valley.
McGregor, who owns The Black Forge Inn boozer in Dublin, is reportedly planning to purchase more pubs in his homeland and is also contemplating buying some 'overseas'.
If the rumours are true, the former two-weight world champion will soon be adding a second pub to go along with it.
According to The Currency, The Notorious has his sights set on acquiring O'Neill's in Dun Laoghaire.
His accountant, Alan Geraghty, is said to be in advanced talks to purchase the property.
O'Neill's, a 4,730 sq ft two-storey pub, was put on the market two months ago and has a reported asking price of £679,000.
Erin McGregor celebrates seventh anniversary with boyfriend in style at Conor's pub The Black Forge Inn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Focussing primarily on the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria Challenge takes you through the five key stages of the malaria life cycle. Malaria Challenge starts with the mosquito bite and moves to the parasite's invasion of liver cells and then red blood cells. It finishes with the parasite being sucked up by the mosquito and its development inside the mosquito's gut. You can explore the changes to the parasite at all five stages and the symptoms it causes, as well as the different methods for treating and preventing the disease. Malaria Challenge contains 3D animations, microscopic images, films and interviews with experts in malaria research.
Malaria Challenge is suitable for anyone wanting to know more about this deadly tropical disease. It can also be used to support the teaching of malaria in the classroom. There are three discussion-based activities suitable for GCSE and A-level studies which can be used alongside Malaria Challenge.


text:
Wakefield (x) ›
Construction of digital potential marine benthic habitat maps using a coded classification scheme and its application,
Recent advancements in remote-sensing geophysical technology have enabled the imaging of deep seafloor regions, and the construction of detailed maps depicting potential marine benthic habitats. The recent and severe declines in many groundfish stocks, and the degradation of associated seafloor habitats make these maps of critical importance to the identification of essential fish habitat, and the facilitation of habitat-based management, through the establishment of marine protected areas. However no standard approach to mapping deep-water (>30 m) marine benthic habitats has been established and endorsed by the scientific community, even though several different deep-water habitat characterization schemes exist or are evolving. In this paper, a classification scheme, including an attribute code, for mapping potential marine benthic habitats is presented in an attempt to establish a standard technique to facilitate reproducibility of habitat designations and comparisons of deep-water marine benthic habitats worldwide. This scheme has been developed over more than 15 years of mapping seafloor habitats. One of the main strengths of the scheme is versatility and ease of use because it can be applied to any seafloor environment and is directly adaptable to use with Geographic Information System (GIS) programs. The habitat-mapping scheme presented here is based on physiography and scale, induration (hardness of substrate), and geomorphology. The attribute code associated with this scheme consists of seven primary characters that can be used to represent: 1) physiography and depth (i.e., megahabitat), 2) substrate induration, 3) geomorphology (i.e., meso- and macrohabitat), 4) modifiers for texture, lithology, bedform and biology, 5) seafloor slope or inclination, 6) seafloor rugosity, and 7) geological unit, represented by standard geological symbols. The latter three characters are optional and are included only when slope and rugosity can be calculated and when the geology is known. Further an additional attribute code is presented for use in distinguishing potential habitat types from video and photographic data that consists of two primary characters: 1) geologic or substrate attributes, and 2) biological attributes., Cited By (since 1996):2 Fish and Fisheries, ,
Greene, Bizzarro, O'Connell, Brylinsky
The use of geophysical survey data in fisheries management: A case history from southeast Alaska,
The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) has been conducting a habitat-based stock assessment of yellow-eye rockfish (Sebastes niberrimus) in the eastern Gutf of Alaska since 1989. Yelloweye rockfish occur in rugged rocky terrain on the continental shelf, and are an important commercial species taken in directed, and by-catch bottom-long-line fisheries. The biomass of yelloweye rockfish is derived as the product of density, average weight, and area of habitat. Density is based on line-transect surveys conducted from an occupied submersible. Area estimates of yelloweye habitat are based on the probable distribution of rocky habitat inshore of the 200 m bathymetric contour. Information used to identify rocky habitat include sidescan and multibeam sonar data (ground-truthed using direct observation from the submersible) and commercial logbook data from the directed fishery. In areas with multibeam or sidescan sonar data, the area of rockfish habitat is delineated based on defined substrate types within the mapped area. For areas without these geophysical datasets, position data from commercial fishery logbooks is used. In areas with both logbook and geophysical data, areas of habitat generally overlap but are not identical. Logbook data is mandatory, but self-reported, and may not always be accurate. Geophysical surveys reveal the extent of all rocky habitats, while fishermen target areas of prime habitat. Limiting of surveys to prime habitat may result in inaccurate stock assessments because density may remain stable in the prime habitat, while declining in surrounding habitats. By assessing fish densities in all rockfish habitats, as delineated by geophysical surveys, a better indicator of stock condition is possible. Further unlike logbook data, multibeam data allows us to clearly define boundaries of prime habitats, relevant to management decisions regarding marine reserves or to definition of management units., , ,
O'Connell, Brylinsky, Greene
Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean,
The idea that iron might limit phytoplankton growth in large regions of the ocean has been tested by enriching an area of 64 km 2 in the open equatorial Pacific Ocean with iron. This resulted in a doubling of plant biomass, a threefold increase in chlorophyll and a fourfold increase in plant production. Similar increases were found in a chlorophyll-rich plume down-stream of the Galapagos Islands, which was naturaly enriched in iron. These findings indicate that iron limitation can control rates of phytoplankton productivity and biomass in the ocean., Cited By (since 1996):749, Oceanography, CODEN: NATUA, ,
Martin, Coale, Johnson, Fitzwater, Gordon, Tanner, Hunter, Elrod, Nowicki, Coley, Barber, Lindley, Watson, Van Scoy, Law, Liddicoat, Ling, Stanton, Stockel, Collins, Anderson, Bidigare, Ondrusek, Latasa, Millero, Lee, Yao, Zhang, Friederich, Sakamoto, Chavez, Buck, Kolber, Greene, Falkowski, Chisholm, Hoge, Swift, Yungel, Turner, Nightingale, Hatton, Liss, Tindale
Net dextral slip, Neogene San Gregorio-Hosgri fault zone, coastal California: Geologic evidence and tectonic implications,
Reinterpretation of onshore and offshore geologic mapping, examination of a key offshore well core, and revision of cross-fault ties indicate Neogene dextral strike slip of 156 ± 4 km along the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault zone, a major strand of the San Andreas transform system in coastal California. Delineating the full course of the fault, defining net slip across it, and showing its relationship to other major tectonic features of central California helps clarify the evolution of the San Andreas system. San Gregorio-Hosgri slip rates over time are not well constrained, but were greater than at present during early phases of strike slip following fault initiation in late Miocene time. Strike slip took place southward along the California coast from the western flank of the San Francisco Peninsula to the Hosgri fault in the offshore Santa Maria basin without significant reduction by transfer of strike slip into the central California Coast Ranges. Onshore coastal segments of the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault include the Seal Cove and San Gregorio faults on the San Francisco Peninsula, and the Sur and San Simeon fault zones along the flank of the Santa Lucia Range. Key cross-fault ties include porphyritic granodiorite and overlying Eocene strata exposed at Point Reyes and at Point Lobos, the Nacimiento fault contact between Salin- ian basement rocks and the Franciscan Complex offshore within the outer Santa Cruz basin and near Esalen on the flank of the Santa Lucia Range, Upper Cretaceous (Cam- panian) turbidites of the Pigeon Point Formation on the San Francisco Peninsula and the Atascadero Formation in the southern Santa Lucia Range, assemblages of Franciscan rocks exposed at Point Sur and at Point San Luis, and a lithic assemblage of Meso- zoic rocks and their Tertiary cover exposed near Point San Simeon and at Point Sal, as restored for intrabasinal deformation within the onshore Santa Maria basin. Slivering of the Salinian block by San Gregorio-Hosgri displacements elongated its northern end and offset its western margin delineated by the older Nacimiento fault, a sinistral strike-slip fault of latest Cretaceous to Paleocene age. North of its juncture with the San Andreas fault, dextral slip along the San Gregorio-Hosgri fault augments net San Andreas displacement. Alternate restorations of the Gualala block imply that nearly half the net San Gregorio-Hosgri slip was accommodated along the offshore Gualala fault strand lying west of the Gualala block, which is bounded on the east by the current master trace of the San Andreas fault. With San Andreas and San Gregorio-Hosgri slip restored, there remains an unresolved proto-San Andreas mismatch of ~100 km between the offset northern end of the Salinian block and the southern end of the Sierran-Tehachapi block. On the south, San Gregorio-Hosgri strike slip is transposed into crustal shortening associated with vertical-axis tectonic rotation of fault-bounded crustal panels that form the western Transverse Ranges, and with kinematically linked deformation within the adjacent Santa Maria basin. The San Gregorio-Hosgri fault serves as the principal link between transrotation in the western Transverse Ranges and strike slip within the San Andreas transform system of central California. © 2005 Geological Society of America., Cited By (since 1996):2, ,
Dickinson, Ducea, Rosenberg, Greene, Graham, Clark, Weber, Kidder, Brabb, Ernst
Widespread fluid expulsion on a translational continental margin: Mud volcanoes, fault zones, headless canyons, and organic-rich substrate in Monterey Bay, California,
Remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-based mapping of tectonic features, zones of anomalous reflectivity, and geomorphic targets in Monterey Bay, California, demonstrates the regional abundance of fluid expulsion along the active transform margin between the Pacific and North American plates. Cold seeps - extant communities characterized by chemosynthetic bivalves, bacterial mats, and rare tubeworms - are the surface manifestations of present-day fluid expulsion of sulfide- and methane-rich fluids, whereas slabs, veins, and chimneys of authigenic carbonate represent regions of either dormant methane-rich fluid expulsion, or areas where the present rate of flow is too low to support chemosynthetic fauna. We have found both active and dormant fluid seepage along fault zones, at the surface expression of mud volcanoes, on organic-rich or permeable substrate, and within headless canyons across a wide range of depths within Monterey Bay. The fluid egress at these sites may be driven by a combination of (1) pore-space reduction caused by rapid sedimentation and/or tectonic compaction related to residual Pacific-North America compression, and (2) increased buoyancy due to a decrease in pore-fluid density related to diagenesis and/or catagenesis at depth. Although provocative, the relationship between topographically driven aquifer discharge and sea-floor fluid expulsion remains speculative for Monterey Bay. The widespread distribution of fluid expulsion features controlled by a variety of conduits in Monterey Bay implies that cold seeps may be common features on translational margins., Cited By (since 1996):60, CODEN: BUGMA, ,
Orange, Greene, Reed, Martin, McHugh, Ryan, Maher, Stakes, Barry
Submarine landslides of the Southern California Borderland,
Conventional bathymetry, sidescan-sonar and seismic-reflection data, and recent, multibeam surveys of large parts of the Southern California Borderland disclose the presence of numerous submarine landslides. Most of these features are fairly small, with lateral dimensions less than ̃2 km. In areas where multibeam surveys are available, only two large landslide complexes were identified on the mainland slope- Goleta slide in Santa Barbara Channel and Palos Verdes debris avalanche on the San Pedro Escarpment south of Palos Verdes Peninsula. Both of these complexes indicate repeated recurrences of catastrophic slope failure. Recurrence intervals are not well constrained but appear to be in the range of 7500 years for the Goleta slide. The most recent major activity of the Palos Verdes debris avalanche occurred roughly 7500 years ago. A small failure deposit in Santa Barbara Channel, the Gaviota mudflow, was perhaps caused by an 1812 earthquake. Most landslides in this region are probably triggered by earthquakes, although the larger failures were likely conditioned by other factors, such as oversteepening, development of shelf-edge deltas, and high fluid pressures. If a subsequent future landslide were to occur in the area of these large landslide complexes, a tsunami would probably result. Runup distances of 10 m over a 30-km-long stretch of the Santa Barbara coastline are predicted for a recurrence of the Goleta slide, and a runup of 3 m over a comparable stretch of the Los Angeles coastline is modeled for the Palos Verdes debris avalanche. © 2009 The Geological Society of America., Oceanography, ,
Lee, Greene, Edwards, Fisher, Normark
Habitat associations of deep-water rockfishes in a submarine canyon: An example of a natural refuge,
A multidisciplinary assessment of benthic rockfishes (genus Sebastes) and associated habitats in deep water was conducted in Soquel Submarine Canyon, Monterey Bay, California. Rock habitats at depths to 300 m were identified by using bathymetric and side-scan sonar imaging, verified by visual observations from a manned submersible, mapped and quantified. Species composition, abundance, size, and habitat specificity of fishes were determined by using a video camera and parallel laser system along transects made by a submersible. We counted 6208 nonschooling fishes representing at least 52 species from 83 10-min strip transects that covered an estimated 33,754 m 2. Rockfishes represented 77% of the total number of individuals, and included a minimum of 24 species. Six distinct habitat guilds of fishes were manifest from habitat-based clustering analysis: small species were associated with mud and cobble substrata of low relief, and larger species of rockfishes were associated with high-relief structures such as vertical rock walls, ridges, and boulder fields. There was remarkable concordance between some of the guilds identified in Soquel Canyon and the results of other habitat-specific assessments of fishes along the west coast of the United States from central California to Alaska. These generalities are valuable in predicting community structure and evaluating changes to that structure, as well as in applying small-scale species-habitat relationships to broader-scale fishery resource surveys. Additionally, establishment of these groups is critical when incorporating the concept of essential fish habitat (EFH), and negative impacts to it, into the management of fisheries in relatively deep water, as required by the Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996. High numbers of large rockfishes (e.g. Sebastes chlorostictus, S. levis, S. rosenbblatti, and S. ruberrimus) were locally associated with rock ledges, caves, and overhangs at sites having little or no evidence of fishing activity. Abundance and size of several species were lower at fished than at unfished sites. We suggest that rock outcrops of high relief interspersed with mud in deep water of narrow submarine canyons are less accessible to fishing activities and thereby can provide natural refuge for economically important fishes, as exemplified in Soquel Canyon., Cited By (since 1996):106, CODEN: FSYBA, ,
Yoklavich, Greene, Cailliet, Sullivan, Lea, Love
Geology and tsunamigenic potential of submarine landslides in Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California,
A large submarine landslide complex and four small landslides developed under the Santa Barbara Channel, suggesting a potential hazard from landslide-generated tsunamis. We integrate offshore stratigraphy and geologic structure, multibeam bathymetric information, and several kinds of seismic-reflection data to understand how and when the submarine landslides formed. Seismic-reflection data show that mass failure along the slope began at least 200 ka ago. Landslides appear as zones of poor reflectivity having an irregular upper surface, and these zones alternate vertically with strong parallel reflections. The emplacement ages of two of the three main landslide lobes are well established at 8 and 10 ka. The source material for the youngest part of the landslide complex was sediment of probable late Pleistocene and Holocene age that accumulated in a shelf-edge delta. Directly under this delta, growth of faults and anticlines was particularly intense and tended to oversteepen the deltaic deposits. These active structures also formed migration pathways and reservoirs for aqueous and hydrocarbon fluids from the deep basin. Tsunami deposits have been described from a low-lying area near Santa Barbara, and numerical modeling of tsunamis generated by hypothetical landslides in Santa Barbara Channel indicates a moderate to severe threat [Borrero, J.C., Dolan, J.F. and Synolakis, C.E., 2001. Tsunamis within the eastern Santa Barbara Channel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(4): 643-646.], involving wave runups of 2-20 m, for a range of assumed landslide volumes. Inundation from these waves, however, is expected to be highly focused so that only narrow (∼10-km) sections of the shoreline would be affected. Crown Copyright © 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Cited By (since 1996):13, CODEN: MAGEA, ,
Fisher, Normark, Greene, Lee, Sliter
Lee (3) + -
Lea (2) + -
Martin (2) + -
McHugh (2) + -
Naehr (2) + -


text:
'Good Luck Sleeping Tonight': Serial Killers Plague Almost All Cities
Real Crime January 12, 2018
Hilary Shenfeld
Photo: Ricardolr/Getty Images
Article Details:
aetv.com
https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/good-luck-sleeping-tonight-serial-killers-plague-almost-all-cities
As reporter Thomas Hargrove was researching a story on prostitution, he came across some unrelated federal data on murders, including the age, sex, and race of every victim, the weapon used in the crime and more.
This unexpected windfall of raw numbers piqued his curiosity. "I wondered if it would be possible to teach a computer to spot victims of serial murder," he tells A&E Real Crime. After bugging his bosses for six years, he finally got the go-ahead to develop a mathematical program to detect murder patterns around the country.
After retiring from the now-closed Scripps Howard News Service, Hargrove, 62, founded the nonprofit Murder Accountability Project in 2015 to draw attention to and improve the data on unsolved homicides in the United States. The site now contains the most complete database of homicides and unsolved homicides in the country, he says.
A&E Real Crime spoke with Hargrove about the 2,000 or so serial killers he believes are prowling the streets right now, how his algorithm helps tease out data and what Hollywood gets wrong about these murderers.
You developed an algorithm in 2010 to detect possible serial killers who haven't been caught. What are some of the data points you analyze?
What works in identifying some types of serial killers is to take all the records of individual killings and cluster them into groups. The clustering variables are the geography, whether it's a county or metro area, the gender of the victim and the method of killing. Was she shot, was she strangled, was she poisoned, etc. Then we calculate the rate at which homicides were cleared through arrest within every cluster and then we look for clusters that had abysmal clearance rates.
What's considered abysmal?
Nationally, in the case of women, we tend to clear about 80 percent of female murders. We look for clusters of female murders that had nowhere near that rate. We set it at about a 30 percent clearance rate.
How do you define 'serial killer'? The FBI says it's someone who kills two or more people in separate events but I've also seen three victims as the threshold.
We prefer the Justice Department's definition of two or more in separate incidents.
Serial killers are much more likely to be men. What other characteristics do they tend to share, according to your algorithm?
The algorithm is only good at detecting uncaught serial killers, so that means the algorithm tells us nothing about the killer. It identifies individual victims who have an increased probability of being linked by a common killer.
Do victims have any common characteristics?
The FBI tells us that most serial killer victims are female. I haven't gone back and looked at age or race.
How many serial killers are operating in the country right now?
There are probably more than 2,000 unrecognized serial killers.
Do you always inform local police departments or the FBI of your findings?
The short answer is, 'not yet.' We don't regard [all the findings] to be actionable intelligence. All it is, is a list of murders that our mathematical system says has an increased chance of being linked by a common killer or killers. Our standard is, we will contact police when we have reviewed cases and have put together names and narratives within a cluster, and after that review determine that a serial killer is likely. These are unproved serial killings, even by us. But we don't want to take a chance of not putting out that information.
How often do they take action?
I'm not at liberty to discuss that. It's a confidential communication. But our experience is that law enforcement has been very professional. But they're overwhelmed. There are not enough homicide detectives.
You've said that police can be reluctant to publicly announce if a serial killer is at work. Why?
In general, there is a reluctance to want to cause panic. 'Serial killer,' is a dreadful phrase that people are horrified and fascinated by.
What crimes have been solved or are currently being investigated due to your database?
There are active investigations around the country pursuing leads that the algorithm has prompted. But I can cite zero arrests because of those investigations. Catching a serial killer is not easy, by definition.
You believe serial killers are targeting victims in Chicago. Tell us what you've found.
We put names and narratives and locations to the asphyxiation and strangulation deaths that the algorithm is identifying in Chicago. I'm absolutely convinced that there is more than one killer active.
Based on your data, where else are serial killers likely lurking?
You're going to find there are potential serial victims almost everywhere. We are convinced to our very bones that there are active serial killers in Chicago and Cleveland, and we have contacted police. I'll say almost every major American city has multiple serial killers and multiple uncaught serial killers. Good luck sleeping tonight.
Serial killing is a much more common phenomenon than we know. There are 220,000 unsolved murders in the U.S. since 1980. There are hundreds if not thousands of serial killers tucked into those cases.
Scary.
There are killers everywhere. I just think we should catch these guys.
Serial killers have been fictionalized over the years in such films as 'Silence of the Lambs and 'Psycho.' Does Hollywood ever get it right?
No. The most common kind of serial killers are drug-organization enforcers and gang enforcers, not the Hollywood presentation of the serial killer. A great many serial killers are just crazy, and dysfunctionally so. A not-insignificant number are homeless. That's not good Hollywood. That's bad Hollywood. A lot of these people [may look] emaciated because he doesn't eat regularly, he doesn't bathe or wash his clothes. Who wants to see a movie like that? I have a lot of complaints about Hollywood glamorizing a mental illness and a societal failure.
Is There a Serial Killer in Chicago Right Now, Strangling Women and Burning Their Bodies?
Why Are There More Serial Killers In the U.S. Than Any Other Country?
Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!
How to Talk to Serial Killers: An Interview with 'Mindhunter' John Douglas
Israel Keyes: 'The Most Diabolical' Serial Killer You May Not Have Heard Of, Who Has Stumped the FBI
Can't get enough of the Real Crime Blog?
Never miss a story by signing up for the newsletter now.


You can expect a lot from the 2019 Toyota C-HR Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the 2 liter 4 cylinder engine, providing a spirited, yet composed ride and drive. A wealth of standard features means that you no longer have to sacrifice. Such as cruise control, 1-touch window functionality, a trip computer, an outside temperature display, turn signal indicator mirrors, lane departure warning, power windows, and a blind spot monitoring system. Audio features include an AM/FM radio, steering wheel mounted audio controls, and 6 speakers, providing excellent sound throughout the cabin. Curtain airbags combine with standard stability control in creating a comprehensive safety network. We pride ourselves in consistently exceeding our customer's expectations. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.


text:
Episode 1 Episode 2 Episode 3 Episode 4 Episode 5 Episode 6 Episode 7 Episode 8 Episode 9 Episode 10 Episode 11 Episode 12 Episode 13
Watch The Sopranos Online
Watch The Sopranos Full Series Online. The story of New Jersey-based Italian-American mobster Tony Soprano and the difficulties he faces as he tries to balance the conflicting requirements of his home life and the criminal organization he heads. Those difficulties are often highlighted through his ongoing professional relationship with psychiatrist Jennifer Melfi. The show features Tony's family members and Mafia associates in prominent roles and story arcs, most notably his wife Carmela and his cousin and protégé Christopher Moltisanti.
Director: David Chase
Actors: Aida Turturro, Danielle Di Vecchio, Dominic Chianese, Edie Falco, James Gandolfini, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Lorraine Bracco, Michael Imperioli, Robert Iler, Steve Schirripa, Steven Van Zandt, Tony Sirico
Duration: 60,50 min
Networks: HBO
Tags:Ended Popular PrimeWire Series 1999
Watch ER Full Series Online. Explores the inner workings of an urban teaching hospital and the critical issues faced by the dedicated physicians and staff of its overburdened emergency room.
Watch Believers Full Series Online. This is a paranormal production from the viewpoint of eyewitnesses to supernatural events. This series combines archival footage with dramatic re-enactments and eyewitness accounts that…
Watch Bellevue Full Series Online. When a transgender teen goes missing, Annie Ryder—a cop at odds with her hometown—dives in to unravel the disappearance that suggests foul play, despite finding…
Executive producer Jon Favreau invites the cast and crew of The Mandalorian to share an unprecedented look at the making of the series. Each chapter explores a different facet of…
Watch Chilling Adventures of Sabrina Full Series Online. As her 16th birthday nears, Sabrina must choose between the witch world of her family and the human world of her friends….
Watch The Outpost Full Series Online. Talon, the lone survivor of a race called the Blackbloods, sets off to the edge of civilisation to track her family's killers. On her…
Genre: Action & Adventure, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Watch Legion Full Series Online. David Haller, AKA Legion, is a troubled young man who may be more than human. Diagnosed as schizophrenic, David has been in and out of…
Watch The Morning Show Full Series Online. A behind-the-scenes look at the lives of the people who help America wake up in the morning, exploring the unique challenges faced by…
Watch The Last Word Full Series Online. A story about a funeral eulogy speaker who loses faith in her work and tries to sabotage her husband's funeral.
A government agency recruits teen driver Tony Toretto and his thrill-seeking friends to infiltrate a criminal street racing circuit as undercover spies.
Genre: Action & Adventure, Animation, Family, Kids, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Watch The Terror Full Series Online. A chilling anthology series featuring stories of people in terrifying situations inspired by true historical events.
Watch I Am Frankie Full Series Online. Frankie Gaines looks like a typical teenager, but she's actually a cutting edge, experimental android who must hide her true identity to avoid…
Genre: Comedy, Drama, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
Trailer: The Sopranos


Donate your RV, motorhome, camper, or other recreational vehicle to charity and support one of over 3,500 nonprofit organization across the country. We make it easy to donate your RV to charity and support the cause you believe in. Simply complete the online vehicle donation form below and we'll reach out to you to finalize the process and arrange for your car to be picked-up, at no cost to you. You may qualify for a tax deduction while supporting a great cause!
Donate your RV or camper the CARS way. Our friendly customer service team is here 7 days a week to help you through the process.


By selecting a kitten as your pet, you have chosen an extremely clean pet with legendary skills for hunting and one that usually needs little housetraining because its mother usually has already taught it to use the litter box. All these advantages come in one furry package that requires little care but provides excellent companionship. Cats, however, demand that their love and loyalty be earned.
Cats must have regular meals, clean litter, grooming, and attention in the form of play. A cat will be quite content to live its entire life indoors provided that its owner offers companionship.
Male or female, kittens and cats are affectionate, intelligent, and playful. However, unless you plan to breed your cat, neutering is recommended to keep males from spraying, and females from producing unwanted litters. Neutering and spaying should be performed at 3-4 months of age.
Prepare your home for the new kitten before letting it loose. Be sure all doors and windows are closed to prevent escape. Place the kitten's bed (crate) in a secluded area and the litter box in another secluded area. Take the kitten out and let it explore endlessly until it feels totally comfortable in the surroundings.
When the kitten becomes comfortable, its tail will go straight up. Once it feels comfortable, it will start to groom itself.
Show the kitten the litter box, and place the kitten in it several times. It's rare for a kitten to reject the box. If this does happen, the litter box should be moved to another more secluded area. If the problem continues, it may be necessary to place several boxes around the home. The kitten will find one that suits its need for privacy within 24 hours. Remember, cats are extremely clean pets.
It is surprisingly easy for kittens and even dogs to adapt to each other - if they are gradual and gentle.
Unlike most pets, cats remain true to their "meat-eater" heritage, and have special food requirements. Cats cannot process vitamins directly from vegetables, so a cat must eat the meat of animals that can convert vegetable vitamins directly to a digestible form. That's why, in the wild, a cat must eat its prey's entire carcass to derive essential proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Taurine, for example, is an amino acid that is vital to eyesight. Non-meat eaters can make Taurine in their body, but cats cannot. Therefore, they must eat foods that contain taurine.
Diets for cats must be balanced and nutritional, specialized, and concentrated in small portions. Therefore feline foods are slightly more expensive than dog foods. Wet or dry food for a cat should contain 30%-40% protein.
We highly recommend high quality kitten food for all kittens. It can be fed free-choice. Only put out what the kitten will probably eat in the one day period. We prefer to put fresh food out every day. Some canned food should be fed for the first couple of weeks if the kitten is small or does not eat well.
Water is extremely important to the cat. Insufficient fluid intake can cause the urine to become too concentrated leading to urinary stone problems. It is interesting to note that cats do NOT have a "thirst" reflex. This makes it easy for the cat not to drink sufficient water each day, because they do not sense the need to drink since they are not thirsty. Grown cats should drink a cup of water daily.
If the kitten does not eat well within the first 36 hours in the new home, it may be that it misses familiar surroundings. It may be necessary to force the kitten to stimulate appetite. We also recommend feeding some strong smelling canned foods during the early growing months.
The major appetite stimulate for the cat is SMELL!! Since dry foods do not have as strong of a smell as canned foods, some cats are more reluctant to eat dry food.
Make diet changes slowly. Any abrupt change can cause digestive upsets resulting in vomiting and/or diarrhea.
Milk is NOT necessary in the diet. Never feed milk without first diluting it at least half with water.
Allow the kitten plenty of RESTING TIME. Cats sleep about 13-16 hours each day. Adequate rest is necessary for optimum growth and development. Shaking when sleeping is "mother nature's way" of exercising the muscles.
Guard against the kitten swallowing foreign objects. Quite often, we must perform surgery to remove foreign objects from the stomach and intestinal tract. These objects include string, fishing line, marbles, needles, or just about any other small object you can think of.
By reducing stress and allowing the kitten to feel comfortable on its own terms, you will enjoy many years of affection, love, and loyal companionship.
By nature, cats are inquisitive and playful, which frequently gets them into trouble. Cat-proofing your home is important to prevent accidents and illness.
ü Physical punishment is the least effective method for training cats. Do not discipline your cat by hitting or striking it. This will only frighten or anger it, frequently leading to biting and clawing. Keep a squirt gun or bottle available. A squirt of water in the face doesn't hurt them but deters most kittens from doing things they shouldn't, such as jumping up on counters.
ü Spend lots of time playing with your kitten. Drag a string around the house or tie an object to a string on a pole and wave it around while watching TV. Do not play with your kitten by wiggling your fingers or toes as this only encourages biting.
ü Never force a kitten to stay in your lap if it wants to get down. Do not grab at your cat or scare it. This develops biting reactions. Rough play also encourages aggression. Play gently using a toy, not your fingers.
ü Confine your kitten to one room that has no plants or dangerous objects when you aren't home. Swallowing or choking on small objects is very common in kittens and cats. Beware of things such as rubber bands, pencil erasers, ear plugs, needles and tread, small toys, metal objects such as paper clips, fabric scraps, earrings, etc. Anything smaller than 1" diameter can potentially be swallowed and needs to be kept out of the kitten's reach. Don't give your kitten string or yarn to play with! These are among the most common and deadly of intestinal obstructions.
ü Provide at least one scratching post for your cat to use. Even declawed cats like to stretch and knead their paws. Rubbing catnip on the scratching post will encourage its use. Keep the post in a place where the kitten spends a lot of time. Cats usually prefer a larger post that they can climb up and down. Use your squirt bottle if you see him/her scratching in inappropriate places.
ü To prevent chewing on cords and shoes, use UNSCENTED roll-on antiperspirant on these items once or twice a week. Cats don't like the drying, bitter taste and will soon learn to avoid these things.
ü Aluminum foil can be placed around your plant pots and counter tops or tables, especially when you can't be home to use the squirt bottle! Cats don't like shiny, noisy foil and will generally avoid it. Many types of plants are poisonous to your pet, so it's best to keep them all out of reach. Double-sided sticky tape works well on couches and chairs.
ü Be aware the laundry room and kitchen contain many things that can be toxic to a cat when licked off the paws after walking through it. Laundry soap and bleach are prime examples. Many cats die each year after exploring the washing machine, taking a nap in the dryer, or jumping on or in a hot stove or oven. Cats are also very good at learning how to open cabinet doors.
ü A collar and ID tag ensures your cat can be identified if it escapes outside. Use breakaway collars to prevent choking. Microchips are now available to permanently identify your cat. Be sure that the litter pan is accessible, in a quiet place, and changed frequently. If your house is large, it is best to have more than one box placed in a convenient area. It is recommended that there be one more litter pan than cats in a multiple cat household. Avoid heavily scented litter - cats don't like perfume. Avoid changing brands of litter. Changing the litter every day is much healthier than using the "scoopable" litters. Be sure to remove "clumps" daily if "scoopable" litter is used. Any time the cat eliminates outside the litter box, be sure to have the cat checked for a medical problem.
Cat claws can be very destructive to draperies, carpeting, and furniture in your house. Perhaps your kitty is scratching you every time he/she is picked up. It makes us all upset when our pets do things around the house we do not like. However, it is also difficult to be mad when the cat is only doing "what comes naturally."
Ø When cats are made to live with us in our homes, this is somewhat of an unnatural environment for them. However, consider that it is a known fact that cats living totally indoors will live at least 2-3 times longer than an outside cat because of dogs, cat fights, cars, disease, and abusive people. Therefore it makes good sense to help your cat live the best life possible by keeping it inside your house and making it an acceptable member of your family. This may include declawing it to prevent damage to the home and those living in it.
Ø Declawing is not cruel in our opinion. It is much crueler to get mad at the cat for following its natural instincts.
Ø Declawed cats are not defenseless. Cats do not fight with their front claws. They bite and scratch with the rear feet. They can still climb trees (to escape) without front claws.
Ø No cat is too old to be declawed. However, the younger the cat is when the surgery is performed, the faster the recovery. 8-16 week old kittens are often running all over the house the very next day after surgery.
Ø The rear feet can also be declawed but is only recommended if your cat damages you or the furniture with the back feet.
The surgery is done under general anesthesia. The last joint of the toe that contains the claw is surgically removed. The surgical incisions are closed with a surgical adhesive.
The feet are sore for 1-2 weeks but excessive post-operative pain is rare except in older, overweight cats. Additional long-lasting pain injections or oral medications are recommended when appropriate. Special litter recommendations are made to ensure that nothing sticks to the feet to cause an infection. Otherwise, the only special home care required is to not let your kitty jump off of high objects or run around the house for a few days after surgery. The impact of the jump or running around can cause the surgery site to bleed.
Declawing is probably the single most important surgical procedure for your kitten; other than spay/neutering that will help ensure a satisfactory relationship between the cat and its owner! WE STRONGLY RECOMMEND DECLAWING ALL HOUSE CATS AT 12-16 WEEKS OR AS SOON THEREAFTER AS POSSIBLE.
Do not leave food out all the time.
Feed twice daily to allow supervision afterward for at least one hour. This gives the opportunity to guide the cat to the litter box.
Litter boxes should be cleaned daily and refreshed with new litter at least once each week.
Use generic cat litter (auto supply stores can supply material used in auto repair shops to soak up oil - this is the same thing as generic cat litter) and totally empty it daily. The litter box must be large enough to allow several eliminations without the pet having to step on a previously used spot. Be sure to supply more than one box if you own several cats.
Prolonged stoking can lead to problems.
Stroking should be limited to no longer than a couple of minutes, after which the pet should be encouraged to play with a toy.
In the event that spraying has followed an invasion of the cat's territory by a new baby, guest, new pet, etc., more upbeat, playful attention should be given to the cat at times when the invader first enters the cat's area. This helps associate the target of jealousy with pleasure, rather than social neglect.
If the cat sprays in your presence, try triggering a starting reflex of other than human origin. This might be dropping a pot or slapping a table with your hand or ruler. This sudden noise should stop the urination allowing you to take the cat to the litter box. It is often necessary to remain there with the cat until the proper duties are performed and then be sure to praise the cat lavishly.
Cleaning up soiled spots should be done while the cat is placed in another room. We have an odor neutralizer that will remove the odor, not just cover it up. Remember also that many cleaners contain ammonia - which is a normal constituent of urine. That only makes matters worse. One teaspoon of apple cider vinegar put into one feeding each day will help alter the urine odor possibly preventing the desire to mark an area again.
PLEASE BE SURE TO SPAY OR NEUTER.
Ü Hairballs, which are spit up, are a common problem seen in cats. Accumulation of hair in the stomach of the cat is a direct result of the significant portion of the cat's life that is spent grooming itself. It has been estimated that cats groom themselves for up to 1-3 of their waking hours.
Ü The problem begins as the cat swallows the hair it has licked off during the cleaning process. The barb-like projections on the cat's tongue pull the hair loose from the skin and hair coat. These barbs point inward on the tongue, which causes the hair to remain lodged on the cat's tongue until is it swallowed.
Ü Hair is mostly not digestible and therefore begins to knot up in the stomach. As the hairball enlarges, it is unable to pass out of the stomach down into the small intestine. It then becomes an irritant to the stomach lining eventually being vomited up in most cases. Should the hairball get so large that is cannot pass back up through the opening into the esophagus, it becomes a surgical procedure to get it out.
Ü Signs of hairballs include vomiting, constipation, listlessness, and coughing. It frequently causes a loss of appetite and even depression. The regurgitated hairball is often not actually round in shape, but rather "tubular."
Ü Finding regurgitated hairballs is a definite sign that your cat has a problem and needs help. Although rarely fatal, hairballs are an inconvenience to cleanup, very uncomfortable for the cat, and can lead to serious complications.
Daily brushing of the cat to remove loose hair is the best prevention. Longhaired breeds need special attention. During the spring when all cats shed, daily brushing is most important. After brushing, wipe the cat's hair coat with a damp towel to remove loose hair.
Medications are available to eliminate hairballs and help prevent reoccurrence. The best product available is a dietary fiber supplement, which can be added to the cat's food to aid in the elimination of accumulated hair. Laxatives in the form of pastes, or even petroleum jelly, have been recommended for many years. There are many different brands available that will be readily accepted by the cat. It is usually recommended that the gel be rubbed on the cat's mouth, nose, or even on its feet. It will then be swallowed during the cat's normal grooming process.
§ Feline Leukemia is a form of CANCER!
§ Feline Leukemia is HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS from cat to cat.
§ Licking, sneezing, fighting, sharing food bowls, or sharing litter pans may spread it.
§ It is estimated that 30% of all stray cats are infected today.
§ It is one of the MAJOR causes of death in cats today.
§ It primarily affects the cat by DECREASING THE RESISTANCE of the cat to other diseases. It acts very similar to the aids virus in humans. It is the CLOSEST RELATED VIRUS to the AIDS VIRUS of people known today! However, it is NOT CONTAGIOUS to humans.
§ Diagnosis is made by clinical signs and a blood test.
§ There is NO SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT!
§ The virus does NOT live outside the cat's body over 2-3 days.
§ Due to the seriousness of this disease, we HIGHLY RECOMMEND THAT ALL CATS be vaccinated! Once the disease is contracted there is NO cure!
§ Research evidence to date shows NO possibility that Feline Leukemia is transmissible to humans.


text:
Hensall is a community in Bluewater, Ontario, Canada with a population of 1,173 (2011 Census). It is located in the centre of Huron County's agricultural land, and is home to three large processing facilities: Thompsons Limited, Hensall Co-op and Cook's Division of Parrish & Heimbecker Ltd., where thousands of tons of beans are annually processed, packaged and shipped worldwide.

History
Hensall is known as the White Bean Capital of Canada, built on growth and development that began in the 19th century with traditional farming methods.

Hensall is named after the village of Hensall in Yorkshire, England. Hensall, Ontario was founded by two brothers from Hensall, Yorkshire, (George and James Petty), in 1851.

The London, Huron and Bruce Railway was built through Hensall in the 1870s. There was a railway accident at Hensall in 1896, when a brakeman named Alexander Livingston was killed.

In 1896, Hensall had a recorded population of 898. In 1876, Hensall got its first post office.

Hensall has two churches, the Hensall United Church, belonging to the United Church of Canada established around 1887 and Cornerstone Church, belonging to the Fellowship of Evangelical Baptists, which was established on May 1, 2022.

Geography
Hensall is located where Huron Road 84 running east from Zurich bisects Highway 4 running north from Exeter.

The community is served by the "North Link" scheduled bus service to Owen Sound and London, operated by Aboutown Transportation.

References

James Scott. The Settlement Of Huron County.

External links

Communities in Huron County, Ontario
Designated places in Ontario
Former villages in Ontario
Populated places established in the 1870s

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Portola, as it stands. Photo via the Aquarium.
News of Cindy Pawlcyn taking over food operations at the Monterey Bay Aquarium came out in September; a few months later, some new developments to report.
First and foremost, as of November 15, Pawlcyn and her crew have officially taken over the culinary management of the Aquarium, which include the full-service restaurant (named Portola, for now), the self-service cafe, and all the private event catering.
Secondly, as at her individual Wine Country restaurants, Pawlcyn has chosen an executive chef to run all day-to-day food operations at the Aquarium: Jeff Rogers. He's been cooking on the Monterey Peninsula lately — at Quail Lodge Resort and Highlands Inn, both in the Carmel area — but he might be best remembered for his time at Etoile and Domaine Chandon in Napa.
The next step in the Pawlcyn takeover will be the remodel and rebranding of the restaurant and cafe, which is expected in spring 2011.


text:
Invited Authors
Meet Douglas Hermann
Douglas is a Certified Financial Fiduciary, founder, and owner of Stone Eagle Financial. He serves as the President and founding member of a small business consortium that serves Denver's River North Art District (RiNo). Douglas built his practice on the belief that all people deserve financial well-being and freedom in retirement. He believes in taking an educational approach when working with clients to inform them and ensure he understands their needs.
Douglas works with a non-profit organization called American Financial Education Alliance, teaching comprehensive retirement planning classes in the Denver area. He is proud to give back to the community he loves.
Douglas's passion for helping others achieve financial security was developed at a young age while working in his family's businesses. His family's restaurants began hosting financial workshops. During these workshops, he realized he had not received the financial education he needed to prepare for his own long-term financial health. Since that time, he has worked tirelessly to improve the financial future for all clients he serves.
Douglas and his daughter Cassidy were both born in Colorado. In his spare time, you will find him cycling, skiing, and spending time in nature whenever he has the chance.
Learn more about Douglas and his no-nonsense approach to Retirement Planning:
8805 W.14th Ave Lakewood, Co. 80215
https://doughermann.retirevillage.com/
Get Your Free Safe Money Guide
Our 20th edition, the standard of the industry.
Free Immediate Download
View Best Annuity Rates
Unlock the Power of Annuity Laddering: Understand the Benefits and Risks for Your Retirement Savings
Your Credit Score in Retirement
The Best Time To Start Thinking About Retirement Income Is YEARS Before You Actually Retire!
Fixed Index Annuities Versus Bonds
Retirement vs. Financial Planning
Archives Select Month January 2023 December 2022 November 2022 October 2022 September 2022 August 2022 July 2022 June 2022 May 2022 April 2022 March 2022 February 2022 January 2022 December 2021 November 2021 October 2021 September 2021 August 2021 July 2021 June 2021 May 2021 April 2021 March 2021 February 2021 January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 October 2014
Free Safe Money Book
Free Safe Money Guide
Free Social Security Claiming Guide
© 2022 Annuity.com – A National Organization Focused on Truth, Transparency, and Trust.
For Licensed Agents | Find An Agent | Member Login
About | Contact | Glossary | Code of Ethics | Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Website Accessibility
Web Design by BPA


Working Principle of Crushers - 911 MetallurgistJun 30, 2017 . Details the Working Principle of Crushers (Jaw and Gyratory) using mechanical animations and physics.rock crusher principal,Rock Crusher ElementaryAdministration - Rock Crusher Elementary .Principal – Rene' Johnson Asst. Principal – Sean Furniss Guidance Counselor – Beth Noland ESE Specialist – Jackie Dillersberger Teacher on Special.
crushing principals - Ore milling equipment manufacturingBasic principles of mobile rock stone crushing equipment. . principle of crushing and grinding impact. crushing principals general principals of coal milling.rock crusher principal,Cone Crusher | Working Principle | Animation | Engineering IntroAug 15, 2012 . Cone crusher and gyratory crusher work on the same principle. Both have the same operation. If cone crusher differs then it is only from.
Rock Crusher ElementaryAdministration - Rock Crusher Elementary .
Principal – Rene' Johnson Asst. Principal – Sean Furniss Guidance Counselor – Beth Noland ESE Specialist – Jackie Dillersberger Teacher on Special.
Basic principles of mobile rock stone crushing equipment. . principle of crushing and grinding impact. crushing principals general principals of coal milling.
Broken material was hauled to the plant and fed into the primary crusher with a front-end loader. Oversized rock was saved for rip-rap and the crushed product.
Principal Producers of Crushed Stone in the United States in 2001 by State. Active .. York Hill Trap Rock Quarry Co. 1. — .. Baker Rock Crushing Co. 1. —.
Primary functions are new product design and development and project management .. A bifurcatable mobile rock crusher and method of transporting the same.
Of course his quarry rock should have requisite properties to yield good sand. . Its rock-on-rock principle of crushing simulates nature's way of impact and.
Trusted brands drive customer success: Gundlach Crushers, Jeffrey Rader, and Pennsylvania Crusher. . You drop them in, and you rock-n-roll right now.
Bico - Braun Rock Crusher and Pulverizer. Equipment Application: Crushing and Grinding of Rocks and Minerals. Principal Department & Location: Geoscience.
Rod mills are an efficient crushing machine for grinding various materials into . After the primary grinding, materials go into the second chamber through . Jaw Crusher is a kind of Stone crusher and jaw crusher is also called Rock crusher.
Crushing by impact is especially the case with coarse ore, but it is not necessary that each piece and particle of rock be caught between the metal surfaces of the.


两个题:1.A.I want to make a telephone call.B._____ me._____ _____ know where the nearest public phone is?A.I have to change my money.B.Pardon me.Will _____ _____ tell me where the money exchange is?
My Favourite TV Shows 写80-100的短文提示:把你喜欢的电视节目分成三类:晚间新闻、世界体育和动物世界,分别简要说一说喜欢这三种电视节目的原因.
when you cry中的最高音when you cry(凤凰传奇)中的最高音是哪个字?有多高?有没有自由飞翔的调高?
In the case of the road accident,the little boy was accidentally knocked down and ___In the case of the road accident,the little boy was accidentally knocked down and was ____ in the right leg,so he couldn't help crying.A.wound B.damaged C.injured D.


There's another great truth about friendship with God. It doesn't end in a cemetery, for God is planning a homecoming better than anything we can dream. A homecoming filled with angels, trumpets, Jesus, and resurrections! He's promised to take His followers, those who have accepted the offer of His life-changing love, from this earth to His home, a place He calls heaven. A place where our friendship can go on growing forever, endlessly, joyfully! God keeps a family album-and your picture is in it. God loves you and has a plan for your life.


The Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, DC is performing the musical XANADU this weekend, with a cast of dozens. Director Craig Cipollini tells us how he pulled it off.
Joel: Why did you want to direct this production of XANADU?
Craig: I was interested in directing this show for two reasons: first – I am a fan of the movie and I wanted to bring back the large-scale aspects of the movie to the stage version. While I Ioved the stage version on Broadway, one of the things I missed was the sheer spectacle that the movie had. I looked on this production as an opportunity to bring that back. Secondly, I think that behind all the camp of the show, there is a message about following your heart and not giving up on your dreams. I think that's an important message to get out there.
How many cast members do you have in this production?
We have 70 members in the cast total. That number includes both an ensemble and an onstage "Greek Chorus," which we've added into the show.
When was the first time you were introduced to XANADU the movie and XANADU the stage musical? What was your first impression of the movie/show?
I first saw the movie XANADU when it was released in the theaters in 1980. I am one of the few people who actually saw the movie in a movie theater. I liked the movie when I first saw it, but I was only 12, and at that age, you're a lot less critical than an adult. Watching it again years later, I realized that the movie had a lot of problems with it, but I still had a fondness for it. The movie has a charm and appeal all its own. I saw the stage version twice on Broadway – first with the original cast right after it opened, and then again shortly before it closed. I thought the stage show was brilliant, and one of the funniest shows I'd ever seen. I think they found a great way to spoof the movie without being cruel. There are still many people out there – myself included – who have affection for the movie and I think they found the right balance of spoof and tribute.
What were auditions like? How many people auditioned?
I don't remember for sure, but we probably had about 90 people audition for the show. We first asked people to sing a pop song from the 70s or 80s for us, then we had people read from the script. hen we called back people for a dance audition and in some cases, to read again for certain parts.
Introduce us to your leads and tell us what you admire most about their performances?
The role of Kira is being played by Cory Claussen. Cory has played a number of lead roles (for us and for other theaters), but this is a departure for him. He usually plays what I call the "typical leading man" type of part, so it's been great to see him stretch and play broader comedy which he does very well.
The role of Sonny Malone is played by Kip Jacobs. Kip has a beautiful voice and I love listening to him sings these songs – absolutely beautiful. Kip and Cory work so well together and have great chemistry.
I also want to mention Ryan Williams who plays Melpomene and Stuart Goldstone who plays Calliope. They are the two comic villains of the show, and to say they steal the show is possibly an understatement. These two guys play off each other so well. They are brilliant comedians and I've been so pleased with the things they have discovered during the rehearsal process.
The stage version in NYC was a hit because it made fun of the movie and everyone on the stage was having a great time. Do you do the same and what makes your production so special and unique?
Yes, absolutely. While we aren't copying the NY production, we are still making fun of things, and the cast is having a blast. The cast has found a way to make these characters their own – to bring their own spin on things so to speak. They've played around a lot at rehearsals, and come up with some really funny stuff.
The show was performed on roller skates in NYC. Are your cast members on roller skates?
Yes, the cast is on roller skates. You can't avoid it really, since the show is about a roller disco! Not the entire cast – we have 12 people in the cast on roller skates – the two leads (Kira and Sonny) are on skates as well as 10 other members of the cast.
What have been some of the challenges you have had directing this production?
The biggest challenge for me was just the sheer size of it. With a cast of 70 people, that's a lot of people to block and choreograph. The character work came very easily I have been blessed with a great cast, who bring a lot of great ideas to the table, so that part was easy. But when you're dealing with a huge cast, it can be daunting at times.
What has been the most fun rehearsing the show and how long have you been rehearsing? What is your favorite song, costume, and scene in the show?
Our initial cast meeting and read-through was in December, but the bulk of the rehearsals have been the last 10 weeks. And I think it has truly been one of the funniest rehearsal processes I've ever had. And I mean funny in a good way. I don't think I've ever laughed so much. My favorite song is probably "Evil Woman." It's a great song, but more importantly the two gentlemen playing Melpomene and Calliope are simply a joy to watch onstage. They tear up the stage with this number. My favorite costume is the costume worn by the Hermes character. His headpiece is amazing! (He also gets one of the best lines in the show). And my favorite scene is the first scene in the show where we meet the Muses for the first time. They all are having such a great time with the whole scene (and the song as well) and it's just a very funny scene.
Why should local theatregoers come and see XANADU?
Our production of XANADU will be unlike any other production. Nowhere else will you see a cast of 70 doing this show – and all men at that. It's also such a fun show, with great music. I sit watching the rehearsals with a big smile on my face. You just can't help it – the show is infectious!
The Gay Men's Chorus of Washington, DC's XANADU is playing at Lisner Auditorium at George Washington University – 730 21 St., NW, in Washington DC – Tonight – Friday, March 15th at 8 pm;Saturday, March 16th at 8 pm; and Sunday, March 17th at 3 pm (ASL interpreted). Purchase tickets here.
Next articleDCMetroTheaterArts is One Year Old Today!


text:
namespace ExampleApp
{
    namespace SearchResultSection
    {
        namespace View
        {
            class SearchResultRepositoryObserver : private Eegeo::NonCopyable
            {
            private:
                Search::SdkModel::ISearchResultRepository& m_searchResultRepository;
                ExampleAppMessaging::TMessageBus& m_messageBus;

                Eegeo::Helpers::TCallback1<SearchResultRepositoryObserver, Search::SdkModel::SearchResultModel*> m_addedCallback;
                Eegeo::Helpers::TCallback1<SearchResultRepositoryObserver, Search::SdkModel::SearchResultModel*> m_removedCallback;

                void HandleSearchResultAdded(Search::SdkModel::SearchResultModel*& pResult);

                void HandleSearchResultRemoved(Search::SdkModel::SearchResultModel*& pResult);

            public:
                SearchResultRepositoryObserver(Search::SdkModel::ISearchResultRepository& searchResultRepository,
                                               ExampleAppMessaging::TMessageBus& messageBus);

                ~SearchResultRepositoryObserver();
            };
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


You sit down to lunch or dinner and the waiter arrives to ask "Still or Sparkling Water?" This is somewhat of a different story in China. With a culture centered around the consumption of tea, the question of what 'water is' is a new and growing concept in China. When you move away from the bright lights of the Bund in Shanghai the local traditions and influence are prevalent in dining. As the Chinese travel more and more, they have become increasingly exposed to fine dining, western ways of living and consuming.
The market for bottled water in China is significantly growing. It is expected to grow 57.9% in value and 34.4% in volume between 2016 and 2020, according to Mintel (2016). This looks like 65,987 million litres of water. The premium water market is growing in turn and is almost viewed as an accessory or luxury item. While Sparkling Water is a newer concept to the Chinese market, Still Water drives the volume of market share with strong local players like Nongfu and C'est Bon.
Continued concerns around the safety of water are further driving bottled water consumption. The Ministry of Environmental Protection of China has stated that 36.9% of surface water in China is below water standards and unfit for human consumption. According to Mintel (2016), bottled waters with a focus on quality are hence likely to stand out from the crowd.
CAPI's proposition extends beyond pure, clean Australian mineral water, to the modern minimal aesthetic of our glass bottle. Last week, our CEO Emma Evans, ventured to Guangzhou for the 7th International High-end Drinking Water Industry Expo, the largest and most respected drinking water trade show in China. Over 10,000sqm, 200 exhibitors came from 15 different countries around the world held over 3 days. Our presence at the expo was centered around engaging with the market with what matters most to them.
The event ended with the International Water Tasting Competition, where 4 sommeliers judged entries. With over 30 international brands and 20 Chinese brands participating, CAPI was excited to win the Bronze award for our Sparkling Mineral Water, and Silver for our Cucumber Mineral Water.


text:
New forest portal to shine a light on Papua New Guinea's logging industry
For more than twenty-five years, deep in the remote and inaccessible tropical forests of Papua New Guinea, a huge industrial complex has been operating; foreign owned companies have been bulldozing tracks, felling huge trees, cutting logs and dragging them to the coast to be loaded onto ships and sent overseas.
According to official records, since 1993, at least 78 million cubic metres of unprocessed logs, with a declared value of around US$8 billion (K28 billion), have been exported from the forests of PNG.
It is an industry that has attracted much criticism. Rampant corruption was first laid bare in the seminal Barnett Commission of Inquiry, but a new Forestry Act that followed did little to stem the tide.
Allegations of illegal logging, human rights abuses, violence, trespass, environmental damage and unsustainable logging have all be born out in numerous court cases, published reports and even television documentaries; but nothing seemingly has ever changed.
More than one hundred and fifty different companies have been involved in the plunder. Some of them, like Rimbunan Hijau and WTK have become household names, but most remain anonymous and unknown.
Who are the companies that have been involved in the industrial logging of PNG forests? Where have they operated? How much timber have they exported? And on what legal basis?
These are all questions that until now have had no answer; the anonymity of the logging industry is one factor that has allowed it to operate with impunity.
But a new online forest portal, PNGi Forests, is changing that.
The new portal combines data collected from a number of different sources and dating back to 1993 to shine a light onto Papua New Guineas industrial logging industry.
PNGi Forests allows the user to search and filter information on logging companies, their ownership, their logging operations and their exports.
Users can view information covering 28 years from 1993-2020
Log export volumes and other data is displayed in interactive graphs and the information can be easily download in csv files.
Users can quickly and easily see which logging companies have been operating in which forests and when, how much timber they have exported and the type of logging licence they have.
Data can also be accessed according to Province, logging concession, concession type and for specific years.
Information can be filtered by individual Province and concession type as well as by logging company or concession.
The Portal also reveals who the logging company shareholders and directors are and the ownership links between the different companies.
The Portal shows the ownership relationship between different logging companies
Adding another layer, the Portal also lists the court cases, official inquiries and published reports the individual logging companies and concessions have been mentioned in.
The Portal lists documents where the logging company or concession has been mentioned.
The user can view and read individual documents online, all without leaving the Portal.
Documents can be viewed and read online