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Louis Delétraz (Genebra, 22 de abril de 1997) é um automobilista suíço.

É filho de Jean-Denis Délétraz, ex-piloto de Fórmula 1 entre 1994 e 1995.

Carreira

Cartismo
Iniciou sua carreira no kart em 2008.

Fórmula Renault
Delétraz profissionalizou-se em 2013, disputando a Fórmula Renault 2.0 NEC, vencendo a temporada 2015 da categoria. Paralelamente, competiu na Eurocopa de Fórmula Renault 2.0 pelas equipes AVF e Josef Kaufmann Racing.

Em fevereiro de 2016, Delétraz foi confirmado como membro do programa de jovens pilotos da Renault.

GP2 Series
Em novembro de 2016, foi contratado pela Carlin para disputar as corridas em Yas Marina, válidas pela temporada da GP2. Não conseguiu pontuar em nenhuma das duas provas.

Fórmula 2
Em dezembro de 2016, depois de participar dos testes pós-temporada, Delétraz assinou com a Racing Engineering para disputar o Campeonato de Fórmula 2 de 2017 em tempo integral, ao lado de Gustav Malja. Porém, ele permaneceu na equipe somente até a etapa de Hungaroring, disputando o restante da temporada pela Rapax.

Para a temporada de 2018, Delétraz se transferiu para a estreante Charouz Racing System. Para a disputa da temporada seguinte, ele se mudou para a Carlin.

Para a temporada de 2020, Delétraz se mudou para a equipe Charouz Racing System.

Ligações externas

Pilotos de automóvel da Suíça
Pilotos de GP2 Series
Pilotos do Campeonato de Fórmula 2 da FIA
Naturais de Genebra
Pilotos de Fórmula BMW


Thanks to fitness instructor and mother of two Jennifer Gianni, getting back in shape after having a baby doesn't have to be a game of either-or. This quick and efficient workout for busy new moms ingeniously incorporates your baby into floor and resistance-training movements, making more time for mother-child bonding. After several weeks of following this fun and functional routine, both you and baby will be looking fit.


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Witch Hunter RPG
Demonbane Chronicles
MEET ALLIGATOR ALLEY ENTERTAINMENT
Though our company name is new, each member of our team is no stranger to game design.
We've put our successful experiences together to create something amazing.
Rich Lescouflair
Writer / Designer
A born and raised New Yorker, Rich is a long-time tabletop gamer who has played and loved the D&D game since the "B/X" days in the 80's. He is a freelance writer and cartographer, having done design work for D&D Adventurer's League, LPJ Design's "Crisis of the World Eater" series, and Paradigm Concepts' "Living Arcanis". He also has his own DM's Guild releases: "The Iron Bastion" and the "Forgotten Realms Atlas Project", released under his company brand – Castle Skydawn Design. Rich is also an avid techie, software programmer, and graphic designer.
Brian Dalrymple
Layout / Graphic Designer
An avid gamer since age 13, Brian has worked at every level in the gaming industry: retail, distribution, publishing, and freelance (cartography, graphic design, layout, and writing). He has designed for Paradigm Concepts, Mr. B's Games, L4 Studios, GameScience, LPJ Design, Mayfair Games, and the Game Manufacturers Association, where he has been an active member since 1994. Prior to joining Alligator Alley Entertainment, Brian founded Gamer Ingenuity, which published material supporting the Pathfinder Role-playing Game. He has given talks at the GAMA Trade Show, Origins, and Metatopia. Currently, he gets most of his design work done from the back room of The Adventure Game Store & Dragon's Lair, his shop where he has worked for nearly 30 years.
Designer / Producer
A two-time Origins Award winning designer, Eric is the Lead Designer and Line Developer of the ENnie Award-nominated Witch Hunter: The Invisible World RPG, and founding member of the creative team behind the Origins Award-winning Arcanis: The World of Shattered Empires. He began his journey in gaming with the D&D Red Box, graduated to AD&D and added Champions, Deadlands, and Legend of the Five Rings to his list of favorite systems before creating games himself. Eric's other design credits include the Rotted Capes RPG, d20 System supplements, Spycraft, Legend of the Five Rings 2nd Edition, and Living Arcanis.
DEMONBANE | WITCH HUNTER RPG

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What to do in Thailand, and Day Trips Outside Bangkok
Many travellers are searching for Day Trips Outside Bangkok,Bangkok can well be described as a city of humble beginnings. In fact around 200 years ago, it was simply a small trading center and port community. Despite the fact that the city had grown rapidly and become renowned for being a modern and vibrant place, it has impressively retained its splendid and enchanting glory. That's why a visit to Bangkok should be on everyone's bucket list. You can find Day Trips Outside Bangkok travel information.
Looking for Day Trips Outside Bangkok. Thongsala Pier Ko Phangan Villa Nevaeh Baan Bird Land Resort At Amphawa Na Muang Waterfall I Samui RS Guesthouse Fortuna Hotel
Day Trips Outside Bangkok, Wat Pho
Otherwise known as Wat Chetuphon, this can be a temple which had been developed for King Rama in Bangkok a huge selection of years back. It can be regarded as a spot where people can receive feelings, and was considered one of the primary pharmacies in all of the of Bangkok. Additionally it is the positioning of the first university which was started from a descendent of King Rama, a location where one can now get not merely traditional medicine but a foot massage at highly affordable prices. It can be known mostly for the Temple in the Reclining Buddha which is actually a Buddha which is laying perched on his arm. It is enormous, roughly 15 m high by 45 m long, and will just be viewed in sections due to its size. There are many beautiful precious stones that were in lead in the soles of your feet, a total variety of 108 stones total. This really is a number relevant to procession, the wobble from the earth, something which is constructed into most of the temples throughout Thailand.
It becomes an absolutely beautiful structure which has a considerable amount of history, and is also the home of what is called Wat Phra Kaeo. It is here how the emerald or jade Buddha is available, within this palace integrated 1782, the residence of the royalty that had been in command of the continent during the time. This palace includes two hours of not merely the palace itself but the Wat Phra Kaew Tour. Our recommendation is that you begin early every morning to make the most of everything that you are capable of seeing, or simply just do a half day sightseeing tour to view either one.
You will see a beautiful representation in the ancient battles that used to occur between Burma and Siam. This is certainly a mix of Royal Palace and Chapel, and if you are able to climb to the very top before sunset, you will observe direct sunlight setting in the Chao Praya River, a wonderful sight to behold.
Facing what exactly is called Wat Suthat is really what the locals call the giant swing. This is a 27 m high structure, use for religious ceremonies, as well as its purpose is to pass through a ritual that requires teams of three people visiting the top and walking across towards the narrow board. There are a substantial amount of fatal accidents back into the 1930s which cause them to not take advantage of this like a ritual ever again. However, it really is a beautiful sight to view, especially looking at Wat Suthat.
This really is literally something out from the movies, a genuine floating market that may be about 1 hour outside Bangkok. It can be considered by some to be the Venice from the East, similar to how the people in that part of Italy do it many things around the water. It is also a tourist trap as a consequence of how everyone is seeking to see this market which is completely floating on boats manned by people selling their goods. However, whenever you do go, you will be treated to many of the most delicious food that is certainly absolutely fresh, served inside an authentic way.
For those who have time, you are able to head over to Lumpini Park and that is a literal oasis in the middle of the architecture and buildings of Bangkok. There are many lawns that you could spend time at, Chinese pagodas, and you will find a small lake you could go on a boat on. Is ideal for relaxing as the park is indeed tranquil, despite every one of the skyscrapers which are surrounding it in every directions. The park has become a place where antigovernment protests have occurred, so just be certain that if you decide to travel there, it's just people chilling out to unwind.
There are several things you could see in Bangkok, and these are some of the places that you could go that happen to be just a little out-of-the-way. You can travel to the skyscrapers in order to, and acquire a great take a look at the area, however these places on earth are really beautiful and provides you with a taste of how Bangkok perhaps once was before modernization. Day Trips Outside Bangkok
| What To Do In Bangkok Smart Local | Must See Things To Do In Bangkok | Bangkok Thailand Things To Do And See | What To Do In A Day In Bangkok | Things To Do In Bangkok March | google.com | plus | alexa.com | nasa.gov | jcprd.com | doleta.gov | bts.gov | hawaii edu | Youtube


Finally, you have made your mind to leave the homemade techniques and hire the experts for bed bugs extermination. Now, you will be able to get rid of bed bugs effectively for as long as possible. Because, the professional bed bugs exterminators are handy with the eco-friendly products to provide safe services. While the pesticides you use by your own may be dangerous to your health if you use carelessly.
Make sure to clean up your home so that the bed bugs could not hide in clutter. an unclean place makes the process of extermination longer.
Wash all the curtains, clothes, linens, stuffed animals, curtains and other fabric that are expected to have bed bugs. Once these are washed, keep them in the plastic containers and close tightly. It should be used after the extermination process is over.
Empty the drawers, side tables and cupboard that contain the clothes and other accessories. You never know where bed bugs can hide. Let the experts work on every corner of your home.
For a successful bed bugs treatment, you may even have to leave your home until the extermination process runs. You can discuss with the reliable bed bug removal team for the expected time and plan to be out of the home accordingly.
Once, you have given bed bugs infested home to the professionals at 911 Bed Bug, you can rest assured to get pests free home. We are well known to the advanced and effected techniques to remove the bed bugs for a long time. We specialize in serving same-day emergency services.


Despite making substantial progress in driving a turn-around strategy for the Mt Muro Gold Project aiming to put the operation into a cashflow positive position, Straits Resources has placed the project on care and maintenance.
Perpetual Resources has started diamond drilling at its Painan Project in Sumatra, Indonesia, to check the near-surface and down-dip extent of the two coal seams exposed on surface. To date, 180 metres has been drilled in two holes, both of which have intersected coal seams.
Further drilling by Robust Resources at the Batu Putih trend on Romang Island has confirmed a significant new silver discovery. The large-scale silver mineralization has been proven by a third strong intersection from near surface. The zone remains open along strike to the northwest and laterally.
Assay results have been received from the second phase of exploration for the semi-detailed geological mapping, float rock chip samples, outcrops via rock chip sampling and trenching within Western Mining Network's Persada tenement. Two prospective blocks were identified for additional exploration follow up - one of about 480 hectares and another of about 450 hectares.


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Sangoma Leadership
Frost & Sullivan Recognizes Digium's Switchvox SMB Unified Communications System as the Best in Terms of Cost Effectiveness and Added Value
Switchvox UC Applications Drive Business Efficiency with the Capability to Connect People and Information in a Contextual Way
MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif., June 29, 2011 — Based on its recent analysis of the small and medium businesses (SMB) unified communications (UC) market, Frost & Sullivan recognizes Digium® with the 2011 North American Frost & Sullivan Award for Customer Value Enhancement. Digium's Switchvox is a complete UC platform for SMBs.
A true UC system, Switchvox integrates PBX, fixed mobile convergence and mobility, conference bridge, call queues, fax server, instant messaging, unified messaging, presence, video calling, recording and monitoring, as well as reporting and call logging software functions onto a single rack mount or desktop appliance. Key applications can be accessed through the highly customizable Switchboard UC interface that provides every user with a personalized view of their communications environment and tools. The system is also designed to support standards-based SIP phones to provide customers with a wide range of features, price points and sources to purchase their end points.
"Digium stands tall among SMB-focused UC vendors." says Frost & Sullivan research analyst Robert Arnold. "In fact, the revenues from Switchvox represent the fastest growing part of Digium's business; representing more than 30 percent growth in 2010."
Digium's success with Switchvox is commendable when considering intensifying pressures in the SMB UC marketplace in terms of competition and expanded customer choice. Customers expect value and vendors need to deliver that value to stand out. Accordingly, Digium designs its solutions for sophisticated functionality without complex ownership responsibilities. Switchvox is designed to be cost-effective over the lifecycle of the system, including ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as upgrades.
Switchvox applications are pre-integrated and pre-installed on a single appliance, which reduces power, real estate and hardware requirements when compared to multi-box alternatives with similar functionality. All applications are administered using a common utility, thereby reducing training and time needed to manage it. IP phones can be deployed with auto-provisioning features, decreasing time and complexity of initial setup as well as for ongoing moves, adds and changes. This functionality allows SMB customers to self-manage their UC solution, which may otherwise require outside services.
Furthermore, the integrated Switchvox applications set can be used as tools to drive business efficiency. Built-in mobility that is supported on any phone and connection type, personal presence and call routing enable users to be reached when, where and by whom they need, while unified messaging facilitates organization and prioritization of multiple message types. The pre-built and freely available APIs and plug-ins integrate Switchvox with business applications and web services. This provides users with access to communications capabilities from within Microsoft Outlook and Office applications, from web pages and from CRM software.
"All of these options can save time and improve productivity allowing clients to work where and how they want to work," says Arnold. "Most notably, Switchvox UC is positioned to connect people and information in a contextual way and contextual communications capability is at the heart of unified communications."
Overall, Digium stands out as one of the leading SMB-focused UC vendors when it comes to UC client shipment growth year-over-year. Digium's Switchvox system holds its own in a tightly contested marketplace. Based on these factors, Frost & Sullivan is proud to present Digium with the 2011 North American Customer Value Enhancement Award in the SMB UC market.
Each year, Frost & Sullivan presents this award to the company that has demonstrated excellence in implementing strategies that proactively create value for its customers with a focus on improving the return on the investment that customers make in its services or products. The award recognizes the company's inordinate focus on enhancing the value that its customers receive, beyond simply good customer service, leading to improved customer retention and ultimately customer base expansion.
Frost & Sullivan's Best Practices Awards recognize companies in a variety of regional and global markets for demonstrating outstanding achievement and superior performance in areas such as leadership, technological innovation, customer service and strategic product development. Industry analysts compare market participants and measure performance through in-depth interviews, analysis and extensive secondary research in order to identify best practices in the industry.
Digium®, Inc. provides Asterisk® software, telephony hardware, and on-premises and hosted Switchvox business phone systems that deliver enterprise-class Unified Communications (UC) and UC as a Service (UCaaS) solutions at an affordable price. Digium is the creator, primary developer and sponsor of the Asterisk project; the world's most widely used open source communications software. Asterisk turns an ordinary computer into a feature-rich communications server. A community of more than 80,000 developers and users worldwide uses Asterisk to create VoIP communication solutions in more than 170 countries. Since 1999, Digium has empowered developers to create innovative communications solutions based on open standards and open source software, providing an alternative to proprietary phone systems. Digium Switchvox Cloud and other cloud-based products and services are offered through Digium Cloud Services, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Digium, Inc. Digium's business communications products are sold through a worldwide network of reseller partners. More information is available at www.digium.com and www.asterisk.org.
The Digium logo, Digium, Asterisk, Switchvox, AsteriskNOW, Asterisk Appliance and the Asterisk logo are trademarks of Digium, Inc. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Digium, Inc.


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The Risks of Manufactured Nanomaterials: A New Research Challenge for Environmental Chemistry
Nanotechnology is one of the key emerging technologies identified in the European Union (EU) 2020 Strategy. It has enormous potential to contribute to innovation and economic growth, which fosters large investments in developing new industrial applications. However, current uncertainties around the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) risks of manufactured nanomaterials (MN) are raising societal concerns that can reduce the benefits from nanotechnology. The introduction of unsafe nanoproducts to the market can cause serious health effects as well as enormous economic costs for enterprises in the form of over-balancing regulations and demolished consumer confidence. In order to avoid future liabilities, sound scientific analysis of the risks of MN is required, taking into consideration all stages of their life cycles, thus protecting the safety of workers, ownstream users, consumers, ecosystems, and the general public. The production and use of MN are addressed by the European REACH regulation № 1907/2006, which requires that industries perform Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) for any produced or imported industrial substance. The required CSA follows the traditional risk assessment (RA) framework, including hazard assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization steps. It has been recognized, however, that substantial limitations and uncertainties hinder the RA of MN. There are serious gaps in our basic understanding of key nano-bio interactions, mechanisms of biological uptake, fate, distribution and bioaccumulation. In response to this multiple projects have been initiated to fill the knowledge gaps and enable quantitative RA of nanomaterials, which is urgently needed to support timely regulatory decisions and risk management actions. In addition, the academic community has been working together with industries and regulators for more than 10 years now to develop tools to assess the risks from MN, in spite of the limitations. Most of these tools, however, are not intended to facilitate regulatory decision making, but instead to serve as hazard/risk screening and/or research prioritization approaches for use by Small and Medium Enterprises and Industries to identify sources of risk in the lifecycle of MN and to pinpoint areas of knowledge deficits. The present deficit of quantitative data and scientifically sound approaches will lead in the near and in the medium terms to uncertain and ambiguous, largely qualitative risk estimations based on expert judgments, which may fail to support proper risk management actions. Therefore it is important to study the possibilities to aid the traditional RA framework with complementary/alternative tools in an attempt to achieve quantitative RA of MN. There is need for quantitative tools that can effectively address the existing uncertainties in order to allow robust higher-tier RA of MN. Such tools (e.g. in silico, aerosol dynamic, kinetic and stochastic models) are already under development in major projects such as MARINA, SUN and NANoREG, but the application of some of them with sufficient data may take years, while robust RA results are urgently needed to inform adequate and timely Risk Management. Therefore, decision analytical tools may be helpful before sufficient data become available for regulatory RA. These tools can potentially overcome some of the limitations of the existing qualitative approaches, while at the same time provide a flexible framework, adaptable to various needs. Although a significant amount of research has been performed, so far the acquired knowledge and data are insufficient for regulatory RA. A major reason behind this is the sparse approach towards testing of individual nanomaterials, which has been adopted until now, rather than a targeted research agenda aiming at rational grouping of MN according to their a) physicochemical properties (especially in situ in complex milieu), and b) biological characteristics. Rational grouping of MN on the basis of standardized data can be itself a way of risk screening as in given circumstances groups of physicochemical characteristics may be associated to strong toxic effects and/or to high exposure potentials. Such an approach has been developed by the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) 'Nano Task Force' and will be implemented into a tiered framework for RA of MN currently being developed in the EU FP7 MARINA project.
Titolo: The Risks of Manufactured Nanomaterials: A New Research Challenge for Environmental Chemistry
Abstract: Nanotechnology is one of the key emerging technologies identified in the European Union (EU) 2020 Strategy. It has enormous potential to contribute to innovation and economic growth, which fosters large investments in developing new industrial applications. However, current uncertainties around the Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) risks of manufactured nanomaterials (MN) are raising societal concerns that can reduce the benefits from nanotechnology. The introduction of unsafe nanoproducts to the market can cause serious health effects as well as enormous economic costs for enterprises in the form of over-balancing regulations and demolished consumer confidence. In order to avoid future liabilities, sound scientific analysis of the risks of MN is required, taking into consideration all stages of their life cycles, thus protecting the safety of workers, ownstream users, consumers, ecosystems, and the general public. The production and use of MN are addressed by the European REACH regulation № 1907/2006, which requires that industries perform Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) for any produced or imported industrial substance. The required CSA follows the traditional risk assessment (RA) framework, including hazard assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization steps. It has been recognized, however, that substantial limitations and uncertainties hinder the RA of MN. There are serious gaps in our basic understanding of key nano-bio interactions, mechanisms of biological uptake, fate, distribution and bioaccumulation. In response to this multiple projects have been initiated to fill the knowledge gaps and enable quantitative RA of nanomaterials, which is urgently needed to support timely regulatory decisions and risk management actions. In addition, the academic community has been working together with industries and regulators for more than 10 years now to develop tools to assess the risks from MN, in spite of the limitations. Most of these tools, however, are not intended to facilitate regulatory decision making, but instead to serve as hazard/risk screening and/or research prioritization approaches for use by Small and Medium Enterprises and Industries to identify sources of risk in the lifecycle of MN and to pinpoint areas of knowledge deficits. The present deficit of quantitative data and scientifically sound approaches will lead in the near and in the medium terms to uncertain and ambiguous, largely qualitative risk estimations based on expert judgments, which may fail to support proper risk management actions. Therefore it is important to study the possibilities to aid the traditional RA framework with complementary/alternative tools in an attempt to achieve quantitative RA of MN. There is need for quantitative tools that can effectively address the existing uncertainties in order to allow robust higher-tier RA of MN. Such tools (e.g. in silico, aerosol dynamic, kinetic and stochastic models) are already under development in major projects such as MARINA, SUN and NANoREG, but the application of some of them with sufficient data may take years, while robust RA results are urgently needed to inform adequate and timely Risk Management. Therefore, decision analytical tools may be helpful before sufficient data become available for regulatory RA. These tools can potentially overcome some of the limitations of the existing qualitative approaches, while at the same time provide a flexible framework, adaptable to various needs. Although a significant amount of research has been performed, so far the acquired knowledge and data are insufficient for regulatory RA. A major reason behind this is the sparse approach towards testing of individual nanomaterials, which has been adopted until now, rather than a targeted research agenda aiming at rational grouping of MN according to their a) physicochemical properties (especially in situ in complex milieu), and b) biological characteristics. Rational grouping of MN on the basis of standardized data can be itself a way of risk screening as in given circumstances groups of physicochemical characteristics may be associated to strong toxic effects and/or to high exposure potentials. Such an approach has been developed by the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) 'Nano Task Force' and will be implemented into a tiered framework for RA of MN currently being developed in the EU FP7 MARINA project.


Money is cheap and currently quite easy to come by. According to consulting and auditing firm EY, founders in Germany were able to collect more money from investors in 2018 than ever before at around 1.6 billion euros. There are already signs that companies, private equity firms and venture capitalists will be investing even more money in start-ups and business ideas in 2019. The private equity firms Hellmann & Friedman and Blackstone are currently offering around 4.5 billion euros for the Scout24 Group and its marketplaces ImmobilienScout24, AutoScout24, and JobScout24. For a number of years now, international buyers, and particularly those from Asia, have also been targeting well-functioning online shops. Japan's telecommunications group Softbank, for example, has already invested 460 million euros in Auto1 Group's Wirkaufendeinauto.de—the online market for used cars based in Berlin. Now Alibaba is casting its glance towards fashion retailer Zalando. The Chinese retailer will have to spend a few hundred million extra euros on a takeover.
Interest is also increasing in acquiring digital agencies. Advertising networks and consultancies use them to strengthen their digital competence, a core area of digital transformation. Consultancies are increasingly competing with digital specialists from agencies when they pitch for orders. So why not just buy these agencies to supplement their own services? "The wave of consolidation continues," observes Julian Riedlbauer, a partner in the British investment company GP Bullhound. "In the agency sector with a focus on digital transformation, software and web development, and in the innovation consulting segment, there are still various takeover candidates and interest from buyers." At the end of 2018, Kolle Rebbe, Namics and Elbkind were swallowed by Accenture, Dentsu Aegis and Reply. Other digital agencies are already negotiating takeovers or mergers.
After Google and Facebook, the next advertising magnet is establishing itself. According to studies, 50 percent of consumers now start their product searches on Amazon. The U.S. retailer is even outstripping Google when it comes to product searches. In 2018, Amazon made almost five billion US dollars worldwide for advertisements and around 795 million dollars of this were made in Germany according to estimates by GP Bullhound. In the USA, the marketplace is already the third largest advertising platform. "It looks as if Facebook and Google will lose the battle for their duopoly position in advertising spending to Amazon," Riedlbauer concludes. "By 2020, Amazon will be able to increase its share of global advertising spending from today's four to up to seven percent. All the ideas and tools that simplify marketing on the platform and other marketplaces are therefore hot topics." This applies to investors, customers and ordering parties alike.
In addition, consumers use language and image searches to hunt for information and, above all, products. Conversely, more and more companies are automating communication with interested parties: "The technologies behind chatbots are therefore also interesting," says Emmerling. "In Asia, messenger services are already much more deeply integrated into mobile shop concepts." This development is now coming to Europe and the USA. That's one reason High-Tech Gründerfonds recently invested in the Munich-based Messenger People.
Online merchants should also be on the lookout for new payment methods in 2019. Almost a third of buyers are still lost because payment on the Internet is inconvenient or the technology is prone to errors. Start-ups like Sofort-Pay, Paymill and Sumup are working on better solutions, but now Apple, Google and Alipay are also adding to mobile payment options and thus expanding the range of cashless payment methods in multi-channel retail. "Merchants are looking for new technologies that simplify payment processes and reduce friction loss in the check-out process as well as dropout rates, but also offer greater security against fraud in online transactions," concludes Emmerling.
In any case, FinTech's remain sought-after acquisition candidates for investors, private equity firms or other companies, as Julian Riedlbauer explains: "Through increasing investment, better regulation and more innovation, digital banks are becoming dangerous for established financial institutions in the private customer segment. The rapid growth of start-ups is driven by massive investment." 91 percent of millennials already see more benefits in mobile banking apps than in visiting a bank branch. It is to be expected that millions will again flow into the new, mobile banks in 2019. After N26 raised around 130 million euros in capital last year, the Berlin start-up secured 260 million euros for international growth at the beginning of this year.
The new General Data Protection Regulation and the growing sensitivity of consumers and companies to data security are also keeping founders and investors busy. LegalTechs now offer lucrative investment opportunities as they work on new, highly sought-after technologies to establish online and mobile communication with users in compliance with the law and to document work with customer and user data more easily.
Two billion-euro takeovers are currently in the works. 2019 will also see record sums flow into young companies. Investment will primarily come from international corporations and German companies could, at most, be among the many bidders. In Europe, there is also a need for more start-ups dealing with "scalable, automated digital marketing, programmatic advertising and analytics," says investor Riedlbauer.
Susanne has been writing about digitization, e-commerce and business for years and blogs about it at LinkedIn. She also advises companies and founders on how to make themselves authentically visible and better known on the Worldwide Web.


Here's Naomi Rivka working through two pessukim of Lech Lecha in her Bright Beginnings workbook.
The first one is Passuk 12, which we've been working on since just after Pesach.
First, vocabulary - using homemade cut-ups, examine some of the new or tricky words.
Second, read the passuk in the workbook, line by line, in Hebrew and English.
Third, line by line in Hebrew only.
Finally, close the book and say the entire passuk from memory. When we are first starting a passuk, we don't do it from memory, but instead, say it 3 times together without looking at the book.
We repeat this procedure for the last SIX pessukim we have learned, finishing with the most recent passuk. So, for example, we're now on Passuk 13, so we learn 7-13. For a while, we were doing all of them, from 1-whatever, but it got to be too much for her. I told her that once a MONTH, ie the first time we do chumash after Rosh Chodesh, we will review all the pessukim we have learned in Lech Lecha.
Also, whenever we sit down to learn chumash, we also work on exercises in our Bright Beginnings Workbook OR in Rabbi Winder's Lashon HaTorah Alef. Bright Beginnings comes with flashcards, and we also occasionally review those, though most of them are too easy for Naomi (we moved the super-easy ones into an "easy" pile, and only review the hard ones regularly).
Sometimes, I feel discouraged that we have been at this since July – ten months! – and we're only on Passuk 13. I mean, that's just a little over 1 passuk a month. But then, I also feel encouraged that she seems to know them so well.
Also, our lives have been so hectic lately that we are lucky if we get to chumash twice a week. Sometimes, it's only once.
This is on top of our regular Hebrew stuff, by the way, which I try to get to twice a week (but realistically, sometimes only once). We have moved into our new workbook, Shalom Ivrit 2, to somewhat mixed reviews. I chose Book 2 because Book 1 looked far too basic. The first story was a bit long. Repetitious, so it's easy enough to read, but it looks daunting to see a page of text. However, the story/question format is good, and Naomi was able to work through many of the questions after the story without help once she got started (code for "got past crying" :-( ).
I hope to alternate readings and work in this book with continuing readings in Yesh Lanu Llama.
And get back to Rosetta Stone again someday… maybe.
Ah, if only there were 25 hours in the day… doesn't it seem like one extra hour would make a HUGE difference? I think the secret lies in waking up an hour earlier, but this has never, ever worked for me. Perhaps I'll try again, though, as I also believe Naomi is fresher and works faster in the morning. By afternoon, she's resentful of having to sit and do still MORE school.


RealtyTrac recently published an eye-opening report titled the "2008 U.S. Foreclosure Market Report". I have included a link to this report at the end of the article.
The report is absolutely bursting with interesting data, and illustrates just how bad the American housing market is.
Despite the efforts of legislators and banks to slow the rising tide of foreclosures in the country, the policies don't seem to be working. According to the report, foreclosure filings were reported on just over 300k properties in December of 2008, up 17% from the month before. Q4 foreclosures were down 4% compared to Q3, but still up 40% YoY.
As mentioned, 1.84% of "U.S. housing units" received "at least" one foreclosure notice during the year, which was up from 1.03% in 2007. This works out to 1 in every 54 housing units in the United States that received a foreclosure notice in 2008.
The hardest hit areas? It's not hard to guess if you have been following the news - California, Florida and Arizona. 523,624 California properties received a foreclosure notice in 2008, which led the nation. 385,309 properties in Florida received foreclosure filings, while 116,911 properties in Arizona receiving some sort of foreclosure notice. Other hard-hit states included Ohio, Michigan, Illinois and Texas.
As a percentage (housing units to foreclosure filings), Nevada led the way in 2008 with a foreclosure filing rate of 7%. One out of every 14 housing units in Nevada received at least one foreclosure filing in 2008. Florida was second with 4.52%, while Arizona was third with 4.49% of its housing units receiving foreclosure notices.
Of the top 100 major cities in the United States, Stockton, California led the way with a foreclosure rate of 9.46%. Las Vegas, Phoenix, Fort Lauderdale and Orlando were also hit hard as well.
Riverside/San Bernardino led the way with a total of 112,284 properties that received foreclosure filings in 2008. Phoenix/Mesa and Las Vegas/Paradise were also near the top of the list in that regard.
It's pretty easy to see that the real estate market in the United States won't start to rebound until the rate of foreclosures in the nation starts to slow.
When will that be? 2009 couldn't possibly be any worse than 2008 in terms of foreclosures?


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Ethiopian women increasingly trafficked to Yemen
Marina de Regt
deregt.pdf
Few know about the large numbers of Ethiopian women who migrate to the Middle East to take up domestic work.
"May what happened to me not happen to you," begins a letter sent to Gebetta, a magazine for Ethiopians in Yemen. Many women have written to Gebetta with testimony of how they were trafficked to Yemen to be employed as domestic workers. They speak of deception, isolation, maltreatment, heavy workloads, unpaid salaries, confiscated passports and physical and psychological abuse. Many regret ever deciding to leave and advise other women not to follow in their footsteps. But the flow of young Ethiopian women desperate to improve their lives and those of their families continues to grow.
Until the early 1990s few Ethiopians – except those of Muslim/Arab origin – were interested in going to the Middle East. After the overthrow of the authoritarian regime of Mengistu Haile Meriam in 1991, Ethiopians were given the right to free movement. Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States have subsequently become major destinations for Ethiopian women in search of a better future.
Even a relatively poor country such as Yemen attracts many female Ethiopian migrants who take up paid domestic work. Changing family structures, the increased educational levels of Yemeni women, the growing number of employed women and changing attitudes towards domestic work explain the increased demand for domestic labour in Yemen. Socio-cultural constraints prevent Yemeni women from working as domestics – so migrant women meet the demand. Wealthier Yemenis prefer to employ Asian women but middle-class families predominantly employ Ethiopians because they are available and seen as good domestic workers. Somali refugee women also work as domestics but, unlike Ethiopians, do not generally 'live in'.
Many Ethiopian women come to Yemen on tourist visas and find work via relatives and friends. Those illegally recruited by agents and employed on a contract basis are particularly vulnerable. All of the many recruitment agencies that arrange Ethiopian women's employment as domestic workers to the Middle East are non-registered, they can be considered traffickers. Women are approached by the traffickers themselves or are introduced to traffickers through friends, neighbours and relatives. Trafficked women themselves are sometimes even involved in recruiting other migrants. Traffickers are often either of mixed descent – having a Yemeni father and an Ethiopian mother – or areYemenis born or brought up in Ethiopia. The Yemeni authorities lack the capacity to control the activities of illegal recruitment agents and it is often the case that traffickers are able to use influence with people in power to ensure that any legal actions against them are halted.
Women who have borrowed money from the agent or broker may end up in debt bondage, required to work long periods before they are able to pay off their debts. Many women have great difficulty leaving their employers and agents and physical abuse is common. Employers and agents often confiscate the women's passports and forbid them to leave their place of employment unaccompanied. This makes it impossible for women to look for better jobs, to escape or to have contact with other Ethiopians. Trafficked women may, however, become aware of their rights and decide to run away and find better jobs. Some families therefore prefer to employ young rural Ethiopian women as they are thought to be more malleable and less likely to leave. As a result, traffickers in Ethiopia are purposely recruiting young uneducated women from poor families in rural areas, convincing them with stories about high salaries and educational opportunities.
With assistance from the International Organization for Migration, the Ethiopian authorities have made an effort to control trafficking of Ethiopian women to the Middle East. Since July 2004 women who want to migrate to the Middle East can only do so when their migration and employment are organised via a legal agent, recognised by the Ethiopian Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The agent has to make sure that the employer signs a contract, pays the ticket and health insurance for the domestic worker, and pays her a monthly salary of at least $100. The agent is responsible for solving any disputes between the women and their employers and finding alternative employment. However, the bureaucratic procedures involved in legal migration are so time-consuming that many prefer to use traffickers, despite the major additional costs. Ethiopian Embassies in receiving countries often lack the capacity to control the activities of traffickers. As a result, illegal agents continue their business without regulation.
Domestic workers who run away from their employers find it relatively easy to integrate into the growing Ethiopian community in Yemen and often move in with other Ethiopian women and find work as freelance domestic servants. Freelancers earn higher salaries but are responsible for their own living costs and work and residence permits. Many such women continue to live in Yemen without documentation or permission. While undocumented migrant domestic workers in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf States and Lebanon run the risk of being arrested and deported, government control in Yemen has been weaker.
Yemen is the only country in the Arabian Peninsula that has ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and where Somalis are recognised as refugees.[1] Controls are tightening, however, as Yemen responds to the increasing number of people illegally crossing the Red Sea to Yemen – a two-day journey for which people pay around $50 – and to pressure from the United States to enforce stricter border controls to prevent terrorism. The Yemeni government regularly announces that it will arrest and deport everyone who does not have a residence permit. Non-legal residents will not be allowed to leave Yemen without paying a penalty for the time that they did not have a residence permit. This means that many Ethiopian women who work as freelancers are unable to return to Ethiopia, even temporarily. So while the mobility of trafficked contract workers may be restricted because they are not allowed to leave their employer's house unaccompanied, the mobility of freelancers is restricted because they are in most cases undocumented and therefore unable to leave Yemen.
Supporting migrant domestic workers in Yemen
In Yemen there are no official organisations that defend the rights of migrant domestic workers. Their embassies in Sana'a are the only place to which they can turn. The embassies, however, are often unable to effectively solve their problems.
A support group for migrant and refugee domestic workers in Yemen was established in March 2005. Its main objectives are:
- networking and research to gather and share information
- awareness raising on and empowerment of domestic workers
- lobbying and advocacy to put the issue on the policy agenda
The network is but the first step. In Yemen, as elsewhere in the region, there are enormous challenges to be overcome in order to provide national systems to protect trafficked women and migrant and refugee domestic workers. Fortunately, international organisations such as the International Organization for Migration and the International Labour Organization[2] take the issue very serious. Together a change can be made.
Marina de Regt is a post-doctoral fellow at the Amsterdam School for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam. Email: M.C.deRegt@uva.nl
[1] See Nesya H B Hughes (2003) 'Yemen and refugees: progressive attitudes', FMR 16 www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR16/fmr16.12.pdf
[2] In 2005 the International Labour Organization financed a mapping study on migrant domestic workers in Yemen, which will hopefully lead to concrete actions.
Book traversal links for Ethiopian women increasingly trafficked to Yemen
‹ Lebanon acknowledges human trafficking
Trafficking: immigration or human rights concern? ›
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text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sint}
It would be very interesting if $CP$ and $T$ violation
were a consequence of another fundamental symmetry,
such as a symmetry between electric and magnetic charges.
In Ref. \cite{FM97} we considered the possibility
that dyons (electrically charged magnetic monopoles)
could induce parity and time invariance
violating electric dipole moments (EDMs) of
quantum systems.
The point is that the polarization of the dyon vacuum by
the Coulomb field may produce not only the usual correction
to the electric field, $\delta {\bf E}$, but also a radial
magnetic field ${\bf B} = (g/Q) \delta {\bf E}$, where
$Q$ is the electric and $g$ the magnetic charge of the dyons
(the corresponding antidyons would have charges $-Q$ and $-g$).
The interaction of electrons (or quarks) with this magnetic
field could generate atomic (and neutron) electric dipole
moments.
[In
addition, electron and
neutron EDMs $\propto m/M^2$ could
appear due to higher order diagrams ($m$ is the electron or
quark mass; $M$ is the dyon mass).]
The EDMs were found to be proportional to $Q g$.
If there were a second dyon-antidyon pair, with charges
$Q$ and $-g$, and $-Q$ and $g$, then they would also make
a contribution, which would
cancel out the original contribution (assuming this second pair
had the same mass as the first). Therefore to have
time invariance violation we can only have one
of the dyon-antidyon pairs.

Our consideration in
\cite{FM97} gave quite a strong limit on the dyon mass:
$M / \sqrt{|Qg|} > 100 \mbox{ TeV}$.
However, this consideration was only based on
``heuristic'' arguments; it did not prove that the
effect exists, only that it is conceivable.

In Ref. \cite{KOST97} a different mechanism was considered,
by which
dyons may induce an electron EDM. Firstly, they calculated the
lowest order $T$- and $P$-odd correction to the effective
Lagrangian of QED due to dyon vacuum polarization. This
involves finding the change in the energy density of the
vacuum dyons when external electric and magnetic fields are
applied. The correction $\Delta L_d$ was found to be
\begin{equation}
\Delta L_d \approx \frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{60 \pi^2 M^4}
({\bf B} \cdot {\bf E}) ({\bf B}^2 - {\bf E}^2).
\label{epp2b}
\end{equation}
for (spin $1/2$) dyons
with masses $M$, electric charges $Q$,
and magnetic charges $g$.
Under time reversal ($t \rightarrow -t$) and
parity (${\bf r}
\rightarrow -{\bf r}$)
transformations ${\bf B} \cdot {\bf E}$ changes
sign, while ${\bf B}^2 - {\bf E}^2$
is unchanged, and so $\Delta L_d$ is
$T$- and $P$-odd.

In Ref. \cite{KOST97} they used this effective Lagrangian
to estimate the induced electron EDM. Unfortunately,
the integrals involved in such calculations are quadratically
divergent. Therefore, the calculation cannot be done within
the limits of the applicability of
the Lagrangian (\ref{epp2b}).
The result depends strongly on the effective cut-off parameter.

In this paper we present further arguments that dyon
vacuum polarization may produce $T$ and $P$ violating effects.
As in Ref. \cite{KOST97}, our calculation is based on the
effective Lagrangian $\Delta L_d$ (\ref{epp2b}). However,
the integrals involved in the calculation of the effects
considered here (mixed polarizablity, $T$- and $P$-odd
scalar-pseudoscalar interaction between electrons and quarks,
and atomic and neutron EDMs) are only
logarithmically divergent.
Therefore, we stay within the limit of the applicability of
the effective Lagrangian (\ref{epp2b}).

In \cite{KOST97} the photon-photon scattering tensor
(see, e.g., \cite{LL2}, \S 124 and \cite{AkhBer}, \S 54.4 for
the definition of this) for low-energy photon-photon scattering
due to dyons was
derived from $\Delta L_d$ (this
is the basis for our calculation
of the dyon effects).
Photon-photon scattering due to dyon vacuum polarization is
shown in Fig. \ref{f1}. The result for this $T$- and $P$-odd
photon-photon scattering tensor is
\begin{eqnarray}
M^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma} (k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4) & = &
\frac{2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{45 M^4}
[{\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \nu}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\beta k_3^\sigma k_4^\rho
+ {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \rho}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\sigma k_3^\beta k_4^\nu
+ {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \sigma}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\rho k_3^\nu k_4^\beta
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{} + {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\nu \rho}
k_1^\sigma k_2^\alpha k_3^\beta k_4^\mu
+ {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\nu \sigma}
k_1^\rho k_2^\alpha k_3^\mu k_4^\beta
+ {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\rho \sigma}
k_1^\nu k_2^\mu k_3^\alpha k_4^\beta
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{} - {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \nu}
g^{\rho \sigma}
(k_3 k_4) k_1^\alpha k_2^\beta
- {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \rho} g^{\nu \sigma}
(k_2 k_4) k_1^\alpha k_3^\beta
- {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu \sigma} g^{\rho \nu}
(k_2 k_3) k_1^\alpha k_4^\beta
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
- {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\nu \rho} g^{\mu \sigma}
(k_1 k_4) k_2^\alpha k_3^\beta
- {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\nu \sigma} g^{\mu \rho}
(k_1 k_3) k_2^\alpha k_4^\beta
- {\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\rho \sigma} g^{\mu \nu}
(k_1 k_2) k_3^\alpha k_4^\beta]
\label{eppst}
\end{eqnarray}

In Sec. \ref{smixpol} we find the dyon
induced $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability of a particle, as
well as a nucleus. The $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability,
$\beta$, can be defined by the equation $\Delta E = - \beta
{\bf E} \cdot {\bf B}$, where $\Delta E$ is the
change in energy
of a system when electric (${\bf E}$) and magnetic (${\bf B}$)
fields are applied. In Sec. \ref{stpoint} we find the
$T$- and $P$-odd interaction between two particles that could
be induced by dyons and in Sec. \ref{sdexp} we use experimental
bounds on EDMs to give limits on dyon properties.
Finally, in Sec. \ref{skmeson} we estimate the contribution
of dyons to $CP$ violation in K-meson decays.

Note that it is possible that dyons do not exist as free
particles but only as bound dyon-antidyon pairs that cannot
be separated (for example, Nambu showed that in
the standard electroweak model the classical solution is a
monopole-antimonopole pair connected by a $Z^0$ field string
\cite{Nambu1977}). In this case dyons with a small mass are
not ruled out by experimental searches for
new particles (a bound state of dyons may be hard to produce
and identify). The effects considered in this paper
apply equally well for free dyons and bound dyons.

\section{Dyon induced $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability}
\label{smixpol}
We will now find the matrix element
corresponding to Fig. \ref{f2} using the photon-photon
scattering tensor (\ref{eppst}).
Note that because of the way in which the photon-photon
scattering tensor was symmetrized in \cite{KOST97} we are
actually calculating the matrix element for all of the
diagrams involving different arrangements of the photons
(e.g. the diagram similar to Fig. \ref{f2}, but with
the lower two photons crossing each other) put together.
This only covers diagrams with two photons free and
two attached to a particle (or, when two particles
are involved, as in Fig. \ref{f3},
two photons attached to each particle).
Other diagrams (such as that considered in \cite{KOST97})
do not involve logarithmically divergent integrals ---
our aim is not to do a calculation including every
type of diagram with dyons, rather it is to show that
the effect exists.

Using the Feynman rules we
get (we use $e^2 = \alpha$ and the Feynman rules
and notation of Ref. \cite{LL2})
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi}
& = & \frac{i e_a^2}{(2 \pi)^4 (4 \pi)^2} A_\lambda (k_3)
A_\omega(k_4) \nonumber \\
& & \times
\int \overline{u} (p_a^{\prime}) \gamma^\mu G(p_a-k_2)
\gamma^\nu u(p_a)
D_{\alpha \mu} (k_1) D_{\beta \nu} (k_2)
M^{\alpha \beta \lambda
\omega} (k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4) \, d^4 k_2,
\label{ea1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G(k)$ and $D_{\alpha \beta} (k)$ are the fermion and
photon propagators,
$e_a$ is the charge and $m_a$ the mass of particle $a$,
and we use the notation
$\hat{p} \equiv p \! \! \! / \equiv p^\mu \gamma_\mu$.
We define $q$ as $q = p_a - p_a^\prime$, and so we have
$k_1 = -k_2 + q$. Substituting in the propagators and
simplifying gives
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi}
& = & \frac{i e_a^2}{(2 \pi)^4} A_\lambda (k_3) A_\omega (k_4)
\int \overline{u} (p_a^\prime)
\gamma_\mu \frac{\hat{p_a}-\hat{k_2}+m_a}
{(p_a-k_2)^2 - m_a^2 + i \epsilon}
\gamma_\nu u(p_a) \nonumber \\
& & \times
\frac{1}{(k_2^2 + i \epsilon) [(k_2 - q)^2 + i \epsilon]}
M^{\mu \nu \lambda \omega} (k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4) \, d^4 k_2.
\label{ea2}
\end{eqnarray}
We now use the following identity, which can be obtained in a
similar way to Eq. (24) of Ref. \cite{KOST97}:
\begin{equation}
M^{\mu \nu \lambda \omega} (k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4)
= k_{3 \rho} k_{4 \sigma}
\frac{\partial}{\partial k_{3 \lambda}}
\frac{\partial}{\partial k_{4 \omega}} M^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma}
(k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4).
\label{ea3}
\end{equation}
This gives
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi} & = & \frac{i e_a^2}{(2 \pi)^4}
A_\lambda (k_3) A_\omega (k_4)
k_{3 \rho} k_{4 \sigma} \nonumber \\
& & \times \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \gamma_\mu
\left[ \int \frac{\hat{p_a} - \hat{k_2} + m_a}{[(p_a-k_2)^2
- m_a^2 + i \epsilon]
(k_2^2 + i \epsilon) [(k_2 - q)^2 + i \epsilon]}
\frac{\partial}{\partial k_{3 \lambda}}
\frac{\partial}{\partial
k_{4 \omega}} M^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma} \, d^4 k_2 \right]
\gamma_\nu u(p_a),
\label{ea4}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial}{\partial k_{3 \lambda}} \frac{\partial}
{\partial k_{4 \omega}}
M^{\mu \nu \rho \sigma} (k_1,k_2,k_3,k_4)
& = & \frac{2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{45 M^4}
[g^{\lambda \sigma} g^{\omega \rho}
{\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu
\nu} k_1^\alpha k_2^\beta
+ g^{\omega \nu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\lambda \mu \rho}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\sigma
+ g^{\lambda \nu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\omega \mu \sigma}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\rho
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
+ g^{\omega \mu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\lambda \nu \rho}
k_1^\sigma k_2^\alpha
+ g^{\lambda \mu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\omega \nu \sigma}
k_1^\rho k_2^\alpha
+ \varepsilon^{\lambda \omega \rho \sigma}
k_1^\nu k_2^\mu
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
- g^{\lambda \omega} g^{\rho \sigma}
{\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}
^{\mu \nu} k_1^\alpha k_2^\beta
- g^{\nu \sigma} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\lambda \mu \rho}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\omega
- g^{\rho \nu} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\omega \mu \sigma}
k_1^\alpha k_2^\lambda
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
- g^{\mu \sigma} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\lambda \nu \rho}
k_1^\omega k_2^\alpha
- g^{\mu \rho} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\omega \nu \sigma}
k_1^\lambda k_2^\alpha
- g^{\mu \nu} \varepsilon^{\lambda \omega \rho \sigma}
k_1^\pi k_{2 \pi}].
\label{ea5}
\end{eqnarray}
Using this equation (and keeping in mind that
$k_1 = q - k_2$), we can see that the integral in
Eq. (\ref{ea4}) will be made up of terms that contain the form
\begin{equation}
\int
\frac{(\hat{p_a} - \hat{k_2} + m_a) (q^\alpha - k_2^\alpha)
k_2^\beta \, d^4 k_2}{(k_2^2 + i \epsilon) [(k_2 - q)^2 +
i \epsilon] [(k_2 - p_a)^2 - m_a^2 + i \epsilon]}
\equiv W^{\alpha \beta},
\label{ea6}
\end{equation}
which we define as $W^{\alpha \beta}$ for convenience
($\alpha$ and $\beta$ can stand for any indices).
Using this notation we can write
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi} & = & \frac{i e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{360 \pi^4 M^4}
 A_\lambda (k_3) A_\omega (k_4) k_{3 \rho}
k_{4 \sigma}
\nonumber \\
& & \times \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \gamma_\mu
(
g^{\lambda \sigma} g^{\omega \rho}
{\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}^{\mu
\nu} W^{\alpha \beta}
+ g^{\omega \nu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\lambda \mu \rho}
W^{\alpha \sigma}
+ g^{\lambda \nu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\omega \mu \sigma}
W^{\alpha \rho}
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
+ g^{\omega \mu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\lambda \nu \rho}
W^{\sigma \alpha}
+ g^{\lambda \mu} {\varepsilon_{\alpha}}^{\omega \nu \sigma}
W^{\rho \alpha}
+ \varepsilon^{\lambda \omega \rho \sigma}
W^{\nu \mu}
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
- g^{\lambda \omega} g^{\rho \sigma}
{\varepsilon_{\alpha \beta}}
^{\mu \nu} W^{\alpha \beta}
- g^{\nu \sigma} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\lambda \mu \rho}
W^{\alpha \omega}
- g^{\rho \nu} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\omega \mu \sigma}
W^{\alpha \lambda}
\nonumber \\
& & \mbox{}
- g^{\mu \sigma} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\lambda \nu \rho}
W^{\omega \alpha}
- g^{\mu \rho} {\varepsilon_\alpha}^{\omega \nu \sigma}
W^{\lambda \alpha}
- g^{\mu \nu} \varepsilon^{\lambda \omega \rho \sigma}
{W^{\pi}}_\pi
)
\gamma_\nu u(p_a)
\label{ea14}
\end{eqnarray}

$W^{\alpha \beta}$ can be worked out using the Feynman
parameterization technique. We use the identity (see, e.g.,
\cite{LL2,MSQFT})
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{abc} = 2 \int_0^1 dx \!\! \int_0^{1-x} dz
\frac{1}{[a + (b-a) x + (c-a) z]^3},
\label{ea7}
\end{equation}
with $a = k_2^2$, $b = (k_2 - q)^2$, and
$c = (k_2 - p_a)^2 - m_a^2$ (we now omit the
$i \epsilon$'s). Using this, and completing the square in the
denominator gives
\begin{equation}
W^{\alpha \beta} = 2 \int_0^1 dx \!\! \int_0^{1-x} dz
\!\! \int \frac{(\hat{p_a} - \hat{k_2} + m_a) (q^\alpha
k_2^\beta - k_2^\alpha k_2^\beta)}{[(k_2 - l)^2 - t^2]^3}
\, d^4 k_2,
\label{ea8}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
l = x q + z p_a,
\label{ea9}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
t^2 = (x q + z p_a)^2 - x q^2 - z p_a^2 + z m_a^2.
\label{ea10}
\end{equation}
We now do a change of variable:
$k_2 \rightarrow k_2 + l$.
The numerator in the integral in Eq. (\ref{ea8}) changes
as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
(\hat{p_a} - \hat{k_2} + m_a) (q^\alpha k_2^\beta
- k_2^\alpha k_2^\beta)
& \rightarrow & [-m_a + (z-1) \hat{p_a} + x \hat{q}]
k_2^\alpha
k_2^\beta
+ z (p_a^\alpha k_2^\beta \hat{k_2}
+ p_a^\beta k_2^\alpha \hat{k_2})
\nonumber \\
& &
\mbox{} + x (q^\alpha k_2^\beta \hat{k_2} + q^\beta k_2^\alpha
\hat{k_2}) - q^\alpha k_2^\beta \hat{k_2},
\label{ea11}
\end{eqnarray}
where we threw away the terms that are odd in $k_2$, as they
will
vanish on integration, as well as the terms independent
of $k_2$,
as their contribution will be much smaller than the $\propto
{k_2}^2$ terms, which are logarithmically divergent when
integrated.
In the integral we can
replace $k_2^\alpha k_2^\beta$ with
$\frac{1}{4} g^{\alpha \beta} k_2^2$
(see, e.g, \cite{LL2}, \S 127).
So
\begin{eqnarray}
W^{\alpha \beta}
& = & \frac{1}{2} \int_0^1 dx \!\! \int_0^{1-x} dz
\!\! \int \frac{k_2^2 \, d^4 k_2}{(k_2^2 - t^2)^3}
\nonumber \\
& & \times
\{ [ -m_a + (z-1)\hat{p_a} + x \hat{q}] g^{\alpha \beta}
+ z (p_a^\alpha \gamma^\beta + p_a^\beta \gamma^\alpha)
+ x (q^\alpha \gamma^\beta + q^\beta \gamma^\alpha)
- q^\alpha \gamma^\beta \}
\label{ea12}
\end{eqnarray}

Consider the
integral $\int k_2^2 (k_2^2 - t^2)^{-3} \, d^4 k_2$.
For $k_2 \gg m_a$ the integrand is proportional
to $1 / k_2$
(since $d^4 k_2 \propto k_2^3 \, dk_2$) and hence the integral
will be a logarithm. We take a lower ``cut-off'' for this
integral of $k_2 = m_a$, since near this point
the $\propto 1/k_2$
behavior of the integrand begins to break down. For our
upper ``cut-off'' we take the dyon mass $M$, because, as
stated in \cite{KOST97}, Eq. (\ref{eppst}) is only valid when
the photon momenta are small compared to $M$. Hence we have
$\int k_2^2 (k_2^2 - t^2)^{-3} \, d^4 k_2 \approx 2 \pi^2 i
\ln (M/m_a)$.
(The factor of $i$ appears as $k_2$ is a $4$-vector
in Minkowski space.)
Using this
and integrating over $x$ and $z$ gives
\begin{equation}
W^{\alpha \beta} = i \frac{\pi^2}{6}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right)
[ (-3 m_a - 2 \hat{p_a} + \hat{q}) g^{\alpha \beta}
+ (p_a^\alpha \gamma^\beta + p_a^\beta \gamma^\alpha)
+ (q^\alpha \gamma^\beta + q^\beta \gamma^\alpha)
- 3 q^\alpha \gamma^\beta]
\label{ea13}
\end{equation}

We now put this result for $W^{\alpha \beta}$ into
Eq. (\ref{ea14}). Evaluating this is a long and involved
process and so we will not give the details here.
To give an idea of how the calculation is done,
the calculation for one of the terms --- the
term $c_1 \hat{p_a} g^{\alpha \beta}$ in $W^{\alpha \beta}$,
where $c_1 = -i (\pi^2 / 3) \ln (M/m_a)$ --- is done in
the Appendix. We denote the
contribution of this term to $M_{fi}$ by $M_{fi}^{(2)}$.
The result is [see Eq. (\ref{ea35})]
$M_{fi}^{(2)} =
e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2) / (216 \pi^2 M^4) m_a
\ln (M/m_a) \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a)
\widetilde{F}^{\alpha \beta}
(k_3) F_{\alpha \beta} (k_4)$.

The $m_a g^{\alpha \beta}$ and $(p_a^\alpha \gamma^\beta
+ p_a^\beta \gamma^\alpha)$ terms in $W^{\alpha \beta}$ give
similar structures. The contribution of the
$\hat{q} g^{\alpha \beta}$ and $(q^\alpha \gamma^\beta
+ q^\beta \gamma^\alpha)$ terms to $M_{fi}$ vanishes
--- this is essentially due to the fact that
$\overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \hat{q} u(p_a) = 0$, which is
just the
charge conservation condition and can
be proved from the Dirac equation
(using $q = p_a - p_a^\prime$).
Note that all of these terms are symmetric in $\alpha$ and
$\beta$.

The remaining, nonsymmetric term in $W^{\alpha \beta}$,
$\propto -3 q^\alpha \gamma^\beta$ gives a
different structure:
$i [e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)] / (144 \pi^2 M^4) \ln (M/m_a)
\overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_a)
F_{\alpha \beta} (k_3)
F^{\alpha \beta} (k_4)$.

Using all the terms of $W^{\alpha \beta}$ gives the result
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi} & = & - \frac{e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{72 \pi^2 M^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right) \nonumber \\
& & \times
[m_a \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a)
\widetilde{F}_{\alpha \beta} (k_3)
F^{\alpha \beta} (k_4)
-i (1/2) \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_a)
F_{\alpha \beta} (k_3)
F^{\alpha \beta} (k_4)].
\label{ea17}
\end{eqnarray}

Writing $\widetilde{F}_{\alpha \beta}$
and $F_{\alpha \beta}$ in
terms of the components of the electric and magnetic fields
gives
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{F}_{\alpha \beta} (k_3) F^{\alpha \beta} (k_4) =
2[{\bf E} (k_3) \cdot {\bf B} (k_4) + {\bf B} (k_3)
\cdot {\bf E} (k_4)],
\label{ea18}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
F_{\alpha \beta} (k_3) F^{\alpha \beta} (k_4) =
2 [{\bf B} (k_3) \cdot {\bf B} (k_4) - {\bf E} (k_3)
\cdot {\bf E} (k_4)].
\label{ea19}
\end{equation}
This allows us to rewrite Eq. (\ref{ea17}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi} & = & \frac{e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{36 \pi^2 M^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right) \nonumber \\
& & \times \{-m_a \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a)
[{\bf E} (k_3) \cdot {\bf B} (k_4) + {\bf B} (k_3)
\cdot {\bf E} (k_4)] \nonumber \\
& & \mbox{} + i (1/2) \overline{u} (p_a^\prime)
\hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_a)
[{\bf B} (k_3) \cdot {\bf B} (k_4) - {\bf E} (k_3)
\cdot {\bf E} (k_4)] \}.
\label{ea51}
\end{eqnarray}

The first term of this equation describes a $T$- and $P$-odd
mixed polarizability effect.
Writing this term as a potential, $U$
and setting $k_3 = k_4 = 0$
(as the $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability
involves homogeneous electric and magnetic fields), we get
\begin{equation}
U = \frac{e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{18 \pi^2 M^4}
m_a \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right)  {\bf E} \cdot {\bf B}.
\label{eepola2}
\end{equation}
If we define the $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability by the
equation $U = \Delta E
= - \beta {\bf E} \cdot {\bf B}$,
we then have
\begin{equation}
\beta = - \frac{e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{18 \pi^2 M^4}
m_a \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right).
\label{eepola3}
\end{equation}
The above holds for a particle of charge $e_a$.
To find the dyon induced $T$- and $P$-odd mixed polarizability
for a nucleus with $Z$ protons and $N$ neutrons we
must sum over all the quarks, giving
\begin{equation}
\beta_{Z,N} \approx -(Z + N)
\frac{25 e^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{162 \pi^2 M^4}
m_q \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right),
\label{eezn1}
\end{equation}
where $m_q$ is the constituent quark mass.
We used
$\langle N | \overline{q} q | N \rangle
\approx 5 \overline{N} N$, where $N$ is a
proton or neutron and $q$ is either $u$ or $d$
(see, e.g, \cite{CPvws}).
The second term in Eq. (\ref{ea51}) describes
the interaction of the
spin of a particle with the gradient of the electromagnetic
field's Lagrangian density
[$\propto \bbox{\sigma} \cdot \bbox{\nabla} ({\bf B}^2
- {\bf E}^2)$ in the non-relativistic limit].

\section{Dyon Induced $T$- and $P$-odd Interaction}
\label{stpoint}
In this section we will find the $T$- and $P$-odd interaction
between two particles that could be induced by dyons.
We will find the matrix element for the diagram shown
in Fig. \ref{f3}, starting from the matrix element
for Fig. \ref{f2} found above
(\ref{ea17}).
Taking the first term of Eq. (\ref{ea17}) --- we will call it
$M_{fi}^A$ --- and using Eq. (\ref{ea16}) we have
\begin{equation}
M_{fi}^A = - \frac{e_a^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{36 \pi^2 M^4}
\ln
\left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right) m_a \overline{u} (p_a^\prime)
u(p_a)
\varepsilon^{\sigma \beta \omega \alpha} k_{3 \omega}
k_{4 \alpha} A_\sigma (k_3) A_\beta (k_4)
\label{ea40}
\end{equation}
To convert from Fig. \ref{f2} to Fig. \ref{f3}
we take $A_{\sigma} (k_3)$ and $A_\beta (k_4)$
(corresponding to the two free ends) and replace them by
$i e_b^2/(2 \pi)^4 \int D_{\lambda \sigma} (k_3)
D_{\eta \beta} (k_4)
\overline{u} (p_b^\prime) \gamma^\eta G(p_b - k_3)
\gamma^\lambda u(p_b) \, d^4 k_3$.
Carrying out this
transformation on Eq. (\ref{ea40}) (and using
$k_4 = -k_3 - q$) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi}^{\prime A} & = & -i e_a^2 e_b^2
\frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{36 \pi^4 M^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right) m_a \overline{u}
(p_a^\prime) u(p_a)
\nonumber \\
& & \times
\varepsilon^{\sigma \beta \omega \alpha}
\overline{u} (p_b^\prime)
\gamma_\beta
\left \{ \int
\frac{(\hat{p}_b - \hat{k}_3 + m_b)
(-q_\alpha k_{3 \omega} - k_{3 \alpha} k_{3 \omega})
\, d^4 k_3}
{k_3^2 (k_3 + q)^2 [(k_3 - p_b)^2 - m_b^2]} \right \}
\gamma_\sigma u(p_b)
\nonumber \\
& = & -i e_a^2 e_b^2 \frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{36 \pi^4
M^4} \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right) m_a \overline{u}
(p_a^\prime)
u(p_a) \varepsilon^{\sigma \beta \omega \alpha}
\overline{u} (p_b^\prime)
\gamma_\beta W_{\alpha \omega}^\prime
\gamma_\sigma u(p_b),
\label{ea41}
\end{eqnarray}
(we introduce the dash to distinguish it from $M_{fi}$ for
the previous diagram)
where $W_{\alpha \omega}^\prime$ is like
$W_{\alpha \omega}$ [defined by Eq. (\ref{ea6})], but
with the sign of $q$ changed, and so
we can modify the result (\ref{ea13}) for
$W_{\alpha \omega}^\prime$.
Because of the $\varepsilon^{\sigma
\beta \omega \alpha}$ only the nonsymmetric part of
$W_{\alpha \omega}^\prime$ will contribute.
So we have
\begin{equation}
M_{fi}^{\prime A} = e_a^2 e_b^2 \frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}
{72 \pi^2 M^4} \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_b} \right) m_a
\overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a) \varepsilon^{\sigma \beta
\omega \alpha} \overline{u} (p_b^\prime)
q_\alpha \gamma_\beta \gamma_\omega \gamma_\sigma
u(p_b)
\label{ea42}
\end{equation}
Now $\varepsilon^{\sigma \beta \omega \alpha}
q_\alpha \gamma_\beta \gamma_\omega \gamma_\sigma
= 2 i q_\alpha \gamma_5 \sigma^{\sigma \alpha}
\gamma_\sigma
= 6 i \hat{q}
\gamma_5$ and so we have
\begin{equation}
M_{fi}^{\prime A} = i \frac{e_a^2 e_b^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}
{12 \pi^2 M^4} \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_b} \right) m_a
\overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a) \overline{u} (p_b^\prime)
\hat{q}
\gamma_5 u(p_b).
\label{ea43}
\end{equation}
A similar process can be carried out for the second term
in Eq. (\ref{ea17}). The total result for the
matrix element of the $T$- and $P$-odd
interaction between particles $a$ and $b$ is
\begin{eqnarray}
M_{fi}^{\prime} & = & i \frac{e_a^2 e_b^2 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}
{12 \pi^2 M^4} \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_a} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_b} \right)
\nonumber \\
& & \times [m_a \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) u(p_a)
\overline{u} (p_b^\prime) \hat{q}
\gamma_5 u(p_b)
+ m_b \overline{u} (p_a^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5
u(p_a) \overline{u} (p_b^\prime)
u(p_b)]
\label{ea44}
\end{eqnarray}

\section{Deduced experimental bounds on dyon properties
from electric dipole moments of atoms and the neutron}
\label{sdexp}
In this section we will find limits on the properties of
dyons from experimental bounds on the
electric dipole moments (EDMs) of atoms and the neutron.

\subsection{Dyon induced electron-nucleon interaction}
First we will consider the atomic EDM
that can be produced by the dyon induced $T$- and $P$-odd
electron-nucleon interaction.
To find this interaction we
let particle $a$ be a quark ($q$) and
particle $b$ be an electron ($e$), and sum over the
quarks of the nucleon.

To begin with we will consider the first term of
Eq. (\ref{ea44}) --- the quark scalar-electron pseudoscalar
interaction. It follows from the Dirac equation
and $q = p_e^\prime - p_e$ that
$\overline{u} (p_e^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_e) =
2 m_e \overline{u} (p_e^\prime) \gamma_5 u(p_e)$.
We rewrite the interaction as a Hamiltonian density:
\begin{equation}
H(x) = -i e_q^2 e^2
\frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{6 \pi^2 M^4} m_q m_e
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right)
\overline{\psi}_{p_q^\prime} \psi_{p_q}
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} \gamma_5 \psi_{p_e},
\label{e17b1}
\end{equation}
where the wave function, $\psi_p (x)$, is
related to the amplitude $u(p)$ by
$\psi_p (x) = (2 \epsilon_p)^{-1/2} u(p) e^{-i p x}$
($\epsilon_p$ is the energy of the particle).
Summing over the quarks in the
proton and neutron gives
\begin{equation}
H^{sp}_{N} = -i \frac{25 e^4 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{54 \pi^2 M^4}
m_q m_e \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right)
\overline{\phi}_{p_{N}^\prime} (x) \phi_{p_{N}} (x)
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} (x) \gamma_5 \psi_{p_e} (x),
\label{e17b2}
\end{equation}
where $\phi_{p_N} (x)$ denotes the nucleon
wave functions
and $N$ (nucleon) is either $p$ or $n$.

The Hamiltonian density for the
other term --- the quark pseudoscalar-electron scalar
interaction --- is
\begin{equation}
H(x) = -i e_q^2 e^2
\frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{12 \pi^2 M^4} m_e
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right)
\overline{\psi}_{p_q^\prime} \hat{q} \gamma_5 \psi_{p_q}
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} \psi_{p_e},
\label{ettc1a}
\end{equation}
Here we have a derivative of a quark axial current
($q_\alpha \overline{\psi}_{p^{\prime}_q} \gamma^\alpha
\gamma_5
\psi_{p_q} = - i \frac{\partial}{\partial x^\alpha}
\overline{\psi}_{p^{\prime}_q} \gamma^\alpha \gamma_5
\psi_{p_q}$),
but we need to express our result in terms of
nucleon wave functions. We make an order of magnitude
estimate using PCAC (partial conservation of axial current)
\cite{CurrAlgebra}:
$\sum_q {e_q}^2 \overline{\psi}_{p^{\prime}_q}
\hat{q} \gamma_5 \psi_{p_q}
\rightarrow (1 \mbox{ GeV}) e^2
\overline{\phi}_{p^{\prime}_N} \gamma_5 \phi_{p_N}$.
It does not matter exactly what value we choose for the
coefficient on the right hand side of this equation, as due
to the fact that the
main dependence of the interaction on the dyon mass goes
as $1/M^4$, the limit
on the dyon mass that we will obtain will
not be very sensitive to this choice.
The result for the nucleon pseudoscalar-electron scalar
interaction is
\begin{equation}
H^{ps}_N = i \frac{e^4 Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{12 \pi^2 M^4}
(1 \mbox{ GeV}) m_e \ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right)
\overline{\phi}_{p_N^\prime} (x) \gamma_5 \phi_{p_N} (x)
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} (x) \psi_{p_e} (x).
\label{en17a2}
\end{equation}

The interactions in Eqs. (\ref{e17b2}) and
(\ref{en17a2}) can produce atomic EDMs. Note that since
the pseudoscalar $\overline{\psi} \gamma_5 \psi$ is
proportional to the spin of the particle, interaction
(\ref{e17b2}) only has an effect
in atoms with unpaired electrons, while interaction
(\ref{en17a2}) requires an unpaired nucleon.
The size of such scalar-pseudoscalar and pseudoscalar-scalar
interactions can be denoted by the constants
$k_{1N}$ and $k_{3N}$ (see, e.g., \cite{ParNoncons}):
\begin{equation}
H_N^{sp} = i k_{1N} \frac{G}{\sqrt{2}}
\overline{\phi}_{p_{N}^\prime} (x) \phi_{p_{N}} (x)
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} (x) \gamma_5 \psi_{p_e} (x)
\label{eee1a}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
H_N^{ps} = i k_{3N} \frac{G}{\sqrt{2}}
\overline{\phi}_{p_{N}^\prime} (x) \gamma_5 \phi_{p_{N}} (x)
\overline{\psi}_{p_e^\prime} (x) \psi_{p_e} (x).
\label{eee1b}
\end{equation}
Thus, these constants can be written in terms of
dyon parameters as
\begin{eqnarray}
|k_{1N}| & = & \frac{25 \sqrt{2} e^4}{54 \pi^2 G}
\frac{m_q m_e}{\widetilde{M}^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right),
\label{eea2p} \\
|k_{3N}| & = & \frac{\sqrt{2} e^4}{12 \pi^2 G}
\frac{(1 \mbox{ GeV}) m_e}{\widetilde{M}^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_q} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_e} \right)
\label{eea2r}
\end{eqnarray}
to order of magnitude accuracy,
where we have defined $\widetilde{M}$ for convenience as
\begin{equation}
\widetilde{M} \equiv \frac{M}{|Q g (Q^2 - g^2)|^{1/4}}.
\label{eea2t}
\end{equation}
From experimental limits on
atomic EDMs \cite{Commins1994,Hg1995}
and calculations
of the EDMs produced by the interactions (\ref{eee1a})
and (\ref{eee1b}) \cite{ParNoncons,AMMP85}, limits
on $k_{1N}$ and
$k_{3N}$ can be deduced, and hence limits on
the dyon parameter
$\widetilde{M}$.
See Table \ref{t1}. Note that in
Eqs. (\ref{eea2p}--\ref{eea2r}),
in addition to the unknown parameter $\widetilde{M}$ there is
$M$, which is another (independent) unknown parameter, as
$Q$ and $g$ are unknown.
However, since $M$ only appears in logarithms, which are
not very sensitive, we can take
$M = |Q g (Q^2 - g^2)|^{1/4} \widetilde{M}
\approx 2 \widetilde{M}$,
assuming that $Q \approx e$ and $g \approx 1/(2 e)$
--- this estimate of $g$ is based on the Dirac condition
\cite{Dirac31}: $e g = n / 2$, where $n$ is an integer.
The best bound on $\widetilde{M}$ is
$\widetilde{M} > 6 \mbox{ GeV}$.

Dyons could also induce an
electron-electron scalar-pseudoscalar
interaction, which could create an atomic EDM in atoms with
unpaired electrons. However, this effect is negligible
compared
to the effect of the nucleon scalar-electron pseudoscalar
interaction. Since the wave function of the outer, unpaired
electron is enhanced at small distances, the main contribution
to the interaction is from $r < a/Z$, where $a$ is the
Bohr radius. In the case of the electron-electron interaction
only the innermost electrons have sizeable wave functions in
this region, while for the nucleon-electron interaction all of
the nucleons are able to contribute, so the electron-nucleon
interaction is larger by a factor $\sim Z + N$. In
addition, the wave function of the outer electron becomes
very large near the nuclear surface and this enhances the
nucleon-electron interaction by a factor $\sim 10$. See
Ref. \cite{SF1978} for a similar result concerning
the relative contributions of weak electron-nucleon
and electron-electron interactions.

\subsection{Dyon induced quark-quark interaction}
Now we consider the $T$- and $P$-odd quark-quark interaction.
This corresponds to Eq. (\ref{ea44}), with particles $a$ and
$b$ both quarks. The interaction between quarks $q_1$ and
$q_2$ is
\begin{equation}
H(x) = i {e_{q_1}}^2 {e_{q_2}}^2
\frac{Q g (Q^2 - g^2)}{6 \pi^2 M^4} m_{q_1}^\prime m_{q_2}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_{q_1}} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_{q_2}} \right)
\overline{\psi}_{p_{q_1}^\prime} \gamma_5 \psi_{p_{q_1}}
\overline{\psi}_{p_{q_2}^\prime} \psi_{p_{q_2}}
\label{enf2a}
\end{equation}
(of course there is also the scalar-pseudoscalar interaction).
Here we used
$\overline{u} (p_{q_1}^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_{q_1}) =
-2 m_{q_1}^\prime \overline{u} (p_{q_1}^\prime) \gamma_5
u(p_{q_1})$,
as we did for the electron pseudoscalar in
Sec. \ref{sdexp}, but note that  $m_{q_1}^\prime$ is the
current quark mass: $\sim 5 \mbox{ MeV}$. The $m_{q_2}$ comes
from $\hat{p}_{q_2} u(p_{q_2}) = m_{q_2} u(p_{q_2})$
(as in the Appendix) and is the constituent quark mass
($\approx m_N / 3$) as it takes into account the effects
of the
gluon cloud. It is not used in
$\overline{u} (p_{q_1}^\prime) \hat{q} \gamma_5 u(p_{q_1}) =
-2 m_{q_1}^\prime \overline{u} (p_{q_1}^\prime) \gamma_5
u(p_{q_1})$
as this involves the difference of two Dirac equations and
so the effects of the gluon cloud cancel out.
The general quark-quark pseudoscalar-scalar interaction can be
written in terms of the dimensionless constant $k_s$ as
(see, e.g., Ref. \cite{KK92})
\begin{equation}
H = i  k_s \frac{G}{\sqrt{2}}
\overline{\psi}_{p_{q_1}^\prime} \gamma_5 \psi_{p_{q_1}}
\overline{\psi}_{p_{q_2}^\prime} \psi_{p_{q_2}},
\label{enf2b}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
k_s = \frac{\sqrt{2} e_{q_1}^2 e_{q_2}^2}{6 \pi^2 G}
\frac{m_{q_1}^{\prime} m_{q_2}}{\widetilde{M}^4}
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_{q_1}} \right)
\ln \left( \frac{M}{m_{q_2}} \right).
\label{ea2a2}
\end{equation}
The calculation done in Ref. \cite{KK92} allows
us to convert the experimental limit on the atomic EDM
of $^{199}$Hg, $|d_A| < 9.7 \times 10^{-28} e \mbox{ cm}$
\cite{Hg1995}, to a limit on $k_s$:
$|k_s| < 2 \times 10^{-6}$.
The quark-quark pseudoscalar-scalar interaction can induce
a neutron EDM.
The limit on the neutron EDM, $|d_n| < 1.1 \times 10^{-25}
e \mbox{ cm}$ \cite{Altarev96,Altarev92,Smith90} implies the
weaker limit $|k_s| < 3 \times 10^{-5}$ \cite{KK92}.
Using the stronger limit, and taking
$e_{q_1}$ and $e_{q_2}$ as $\sim e/3$, gives
$\widetilde{M} > 1.5 \mbox{ GeV}$.

\section{CP violation in K-meson decays}
\label{skmeson}
It would be good if it were possible to make
a comprehensive theory of $CP$- and $T$-violation
based on dyons that could explain the experimentally
observed $CP$-violation in K-meson decays \cite{CCFT1964}.
Unfortunately, no such theory exists at the moment,
but we are able to make some plausible estimates
of dyon induced $CP$-violation in K-meson decays.
However, we find that the effect induced by dyons
is not large enough to explain the observed level of
$CP$-violation.

Because of electroweak unification, since dyons
may induce $T$- and $P$-odd photon-photon scattering
processes, we would expect them to also induce
W-boson scattering processes. The W-boson
scattering tensor should be similar
to as in Eq. (\ref{eppst}).
$CP$-violation in K-meson decays
could be caused by an
interaction described by the following Lagrangian \cite{Okun}:
\begin{equation}
L = - G_2 \overline{s} \gamma_\alpha (1 + \gamma_5) d
\overline{s}
\gamma^\alpha (1 + \gamma_5) d.
\label{elcp}
\end{equation}
$CP$ violation would occur if $G_2$ has a non-zero imaginary
part (the real part of $G_2$ is responsible for
the mass difference
between $K_S^0$ and $K_L^0$). According to \cite{Okun} the
observed $CP$ violation implies that
\begin{equation}
| \mbox{Im} (G_2) | \sim 3 \times 10^{-3} | \mbox{Re} (G_2) |
\label{elcp2}
\end{equation}
and from \cite{Okun} we have
\begin{equation}
\mbox{Re} (G_2) \approx \frac{1}{16 \pi^2} \sin^2 \theta_c
\cos^2 \theta_c G^2 m_c^2,
\label{elcpa8}
\end{equation}
where $\theta_c$ is the Cabibbo angle, $G$ is the Fermi
weak interaction constant ($\approx 10^{-5}/m_p^2$, where
$m_p$ is the proton mass), and $m_c$ is the mass
of the charm quark.

A diagram through which dyons could induce
a CP-violating interaction in K-mesons is shown
in Fig. \ref{f4}. The intermediate quarks may be either
up or charm quarks.
Note that such
a diagram requires two different kinds of dyons, differing in
their electric charges by $e$, to satisfy the conservation
of charge at the $W$-dyon vertices.
(However, even if this is not true the effect may still
appear at higher orders.)

An interaction corresponding
to this diagram is
\begin{equation}
L = i C \overline{d} s \overline{d} s,
\label{ew12a}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
C \sim \frac{e^4}{96 \pi^2} Q_w g_w (Q_w^2 - g_w^2)
\frac{(m_s^2 - m_d^2) m_c^4}{M_W^4}
\frac{1}{M^4}
\sin^2 \theta_c \cos^2 \theta_c,
\label{ew12b}
\end{equation}
where $m_s$ and $m_d$ are the masses of the strange and
down quarks, $M_W$ is the mass of the W-boson,
and $Q_w$ and $g_w$ are some effective weak electric
and weak magnetic charges for the dyons.
This comes from integrating over the region $M_W <
k < M$, which assumes that the dyon mass is much
greater than the W boson mass. If in fact the dyon mass were
less than the W boson mass then the relevant
region of integration would be $m_c < k < M$ and the
result is
\begin{equation}
C \sim \frac{e^4}{96 \pi^2} Q_w g_w (Q_w^2 - g_w^2)
\frac{(m_s^2 - m_d^2) m_c^4}{M_W^8}
\frac{(M^2 - m_c^2)^2}{M^4}
\sin^2 \theta_c \cos^2 \theta_c.
\label{ew12c}
\end{equation}

We can compare the size of the CP violation induced
by this interaction to the experimentally observed
CP violation in K-meson decays by
looking at the ratio of the
constant $C$ to $\mbox{Im} (G_2)$ [although
$C$ and $\mbox{Im} (G_2)$ describe two different
types of CP violating interactions, we assume that
the same order of magnitude of either would induce
the experimentally observed CP violation].
If we first consider the case of the dyon mass being
larger than the W boson mass we
have [using Eqs. (\ref{elcp2}),
(\ref{elcpa8}), and (\ref{ew12b})]
$C / \mbox{Im} (G_2) \sim (M/\mbox{GeV})^{-4}$.
This cannot be larger
than about $10^{-8}$. If we consider
the case of the dyon mass being less than the W boson
mass then we get the result
$C / \mbox{Im} (G_2) \sim 10^{-8} (M^2 - m_c^2)^2 / M^4$,
which has a maximum value of about $10^{-8}$
(here we actually assumed that the dyon mass was larger
than the c quark mass; in the case that it is not we get
a result of similar magnitude).
These results
suggest that this effect cannot produce
the experimentally observed level of CP-violation
in K-meson decays.

We can also consider the case when the intermediate quark
is a top quark, rather than up or charm quarks.
If we assume that
$M < M_W$ and integrate
over the region $0 < k < M$ we get the result
\begin{equation}
C \sim \frac{e^4}{1000 \pi^2} Q_w g_w (Q_w^2 - g_w^2)
\frac{(m_s^2 - m_d^2) M^8}{M_W^8 m_t^4} (V_{td} V_{ts})^2,
\label{etsm1}
\end{equation}
where $V_{td}$ and $V_{ts}$ are Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
mixing matrix elements. The
top quark mass is $m_t \approx 170 \mbox{ GeV}$ and,
according to \cite{RevPartPhys}, $|V_{td}|$ and $|V_{ts}|$
lie in
the ranges 0.004--0.013 and 0.035--0.042, respectively.
Therefore
$C / \mbox{Im} (G_2)$ has a maximum value of about $10^{-9}$.
Again, this is too
small to give the observed effect.
If we assume that
$M_W < M < m_t$ and integrate over
the region $M_W < k < M$ we get
\begin{equation}
C \sim \frac{e^4}{96 \pi^2} Q_w g_w (Q_w^2 - g_w^2)
\frac{(m_s^2 - m_d^2)}{m_t^4}
\frac{(M^2 - M_W^2)^2}{M^4} (V_{td} V_{ts})^2,
\label{eea2at}
\end{equation}
for which $C / \mbox{Im} (G_2)$ has a maximum
value of about $10^{-8}$.
The case of the dyon mass being larger than the
top quark mass gives a result of similar magnitude, with the
maximum value of $C / \mbox{Im} (G_2)$ being
$10^{-8}$.

Dyons could also induce a CP violating interaction through
the diagram shown in Fig. \ref{f5}. However,
once again it seems that it cannot
produce an effect of the
magnitude of the experimentally observed effect.

Finally, the possibility is not excluded that dyons may
generate
an electroweak $\theta$-term ($\propto \theta F_{\mu \nu}
\widetilde{F}^{\mu \nu}$, where $F_{\mu \nu}
= \partial_\mu W_\nu - \partial_\nu W_\mu
+ i g [W_\mu, W_\nu]$) which may give an
effective $CP$-violating interaction
for four W-bosons that does not contain the
fourth power of the dyon mass in the
denominator, and in that case the effect could be
of considerable size even if the dyon mass is large.

\begin{acknowledgements}
This work was supported by the Australian Research Council.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: find out if long/lat within rectangle Given a top-left long/lat and a bottom-right long/lat how can i find out if a given long/lat falls within the rectangle ?
Ideally i would be looking at something like
bool IsWithinArea(float topLeftLat,float topLeftLong,
   float bottomRightLat,float bottomRightLong,float testLat,float testLong)

Update
The one problem is that the rectangle created from the long/lat may be from a rotated map, so bottom right will not always be greater than top left...

A: We can make it more interesting than trivial checks:
return new Rect(topLeftLat, topLeftLong, bottomRightLat - topLeftLat, bottomRightLong - topLeftLong)
      .Contains(testLat, testLong);

P.S.: Rect.Contains(...) method

A: Not sure if I'm thinking to simple
bool IsWithinArea(float topLeftLat, float topLeftLong, float bottomRightLat, float bottomRightLong, float testLat, float testLong)
{
    return (testLat >= topLeftLat && testLat <= bottomRightLat && testLong >= topLeftLong && testLong <= bottomRightLong);
}

A: Assuming that Lat is the x coordinate und Long is the y coordinate and also assuming that the coordinate systems has its origin at the left top:
public bool IsWithinArea(float topLeftLat,float topLeftLong,
       float bottomRightLat,float bottomRightLong,float testLat,float testLong) {

          return (testLat >= topLeftLat && testLat <= bottomRightLat && testLong >= topLeftLong && testLong <= bottomRightLong);

    }

A: One approach would be to normalize your long/lat pairs to simple x/y coordinates. Then it should be a simple excersize to determine if a point falls within the rectangle.
long/lat to x/y conversion can be found here: Convert Lat/Longs to X/Y Co-ordinates

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


So, you've started using Gmail's SMS service and exhausted the given free credit limit of 50.
Buying credits is easy. You don't need to pay Google for it rather you have to pay your mobile operator.
Google started this service in collaboration with mobile operators of different countries. Both share the revenue between them. And process of gaining credits is based on this only.
When you send one SMS from Gmail, one credit is lost. And when you receive a SMS on Gmail from mobile, your credit increases by 5. You'll gain credits when someone replies to your SMS from mobile phone.
If credit reaches zero then you'll automatically gain 1 credit within 24 hours. Use this credit to recharge mobile by yourself by repeatedly sending messages from your mobile to your Gmail account. Here you're basically paying the mobile operator(and Google) to increase your Gmail credit.
When a receiver replies to the SMS sent by you through Gmail, some of his balance is deducted by the mobile operator. In India, Rs 1 is deducted. This INR 1 is the profit that's shared between mobile operator and Google. For Rs 1, Google provides 5 free credits to the you (who sent the SMS for which receiver relied by paying Rs 1).
So if you want to increase Gmail SMS credit by yourself then keep sending messages from your mobile to your Gmail profile.
The maximum achievable credit is 50, so for gaining 50 credits you need to send 10 messages back paying 1rs each.


What does tramadol use disorder look like?
How do you define substance use disorder or addiction?
Is this a significant problem for our communities here in New Zealand?
Who has the potential to develop tramadol use disorder?
What alternatives are there for treating chronic non-malignant pain?
What can we do to help patients with tramadol dependance?
1. Tramadol misuse covers a spectrum ranging from recreational use through to full addiction.
What are some indicators of drug-seeking behaviour that you need to be aware of?
Has anyone been in the situation they have suspected drug-seeking behaviour relating to Tramadol? What were the factors that alerted you to a potential problem?
2. Pressure to prescribe can be a common experience in primary care. When thinking about drugs of misuse there are some specific strategies or planned responses that can be used if under pressure to prescribe.
Discuss within the group the strategies that were mentioned in the MedTalk and reflect on how useful they might be.
What other strategies have people used or attempted to use when under pressure to prescribe Tramadol/drugs of misuse? How successful were these?
3. Tramadol is commonly prescribed in primary care. The first prescription of Tramadol has been shown to have implications regarding potential future development of dependence with the number of days of the first prescription being the important risk factor.
4. Non-pharmacological strategies are important for the ongoing management of chronic non-malignant pain.
Are there any techniques or resources you use in practice to help your patients with chronic non-malignant pain?
Do you think these techniques or resources are effective in the populations you see with chronic non-malignant pain?
5. Reflecting on the MedTalk and the peer group discussion you have had, what could you do differently (if anything) in your practice to improve the prescribing of Tramadol?


text:
Lawn & GardenNews
Earth-Kind seminars slated for February, March in San Antonio
Writer: Paul Schattenberg, 210-859-5752, paschattenberg@ag.tamu.edu
Contact: David Rodriguez, 210-631-0400, dhrodriguez@ag.tamu.edu
SAN ANTONIO – David Rodriguez, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service horticulturist, Bexar County, will present two Earth-Kind seminars – one in February and one in March — at Milberger's Nursery, 3920 N. Loop 1604 East, San Antonio.
Both seminars are free and open to the public.
"These seminars will emphasize Earth-Kind gardening principles, which incorporate the best of traditional and organic gardening practices," Rodriguez said. "We'll look at gardening principles that involve less chemical and water use to produce top-quality ornamentals and vegetables."
The first will be the Spring Clean Up seminar from 10:30 a.m. to noon Feb. 25.
"In this seminar, attendees will learn best practices for preparing their spring garden, including proper pruning, mulching and fertilization," Rodriguez said.
The second seminar, The Best Spring Vegetable Garden Ever, will be from 10:30 a.m. to noon March 11.
"This seminar will focus specifically on vegetable gardening and how to choose the best vegetable varieties for your garden as well as soil preparation, fertilizing, and insect and disease control," Rodriguez said.
He said attendees to these seminars should bring a notebook as there will be a lot of information for them to remember.
For more information, contact Rodriguez at 210-631-0400 or dhrodriguez@ag.tamu.edu or look under "Events" on the Milberger's Landscaping and Nursery website at http://www.milbergernursery.com/.
Paul Schattenberg
paschattenberg@ag.tamu.edu
Category:Lawn & GardenNews
Earth-Kind Landscape School to be held in San Antonio
Fruit tree seminars slated for January in San Antonio
TRICARE webinar
https://militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org/event/56509/


The path pattern supports three different types of parameters, path segment parameters, prefixed with :, full path parameters, prefixed with *, and regular expression parameters, prefixed with $ and post fixed with a regular expression in angled braces.
Deprecated as of 2.6.0. Use an injected version instead.
Deprecated as of 2.6.8. Use RoutingDsl(play.mvc.BodyParser.Default, JavaContextComponents) or fromComponents(BuiltInComponents) instead.
Create a DELETE route for the given path pattern.
Create a GET route for the given path pattern.
Create a HEAD route for the given path pattern.
Create a route for the given method and path pattern.
Create a OPTIONS route for the given path pattern.
Create a PATCH route for the given path pattern.
Create a POST route for the given path pattern.
Create a PUT route for the given path pattern.
Deprecated. Deprecated as of 2.6.0. Use an injected version instead.
Deprecated. Deprecated as of 2.6.8. Use RoutingDsl(play.mvc.BodyParser.Default, JavaContextComponents) or fromComponents(BuiltInComponents) instead.
bodyParser - the default scala body parser.
contextComponents - java context components.
bodyParsers - scala body parsers.
pathPattern - The path pattern.