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Published: Nov 17, 2018 at 10:50 a.m.
Updated: Nov 17, 2018 at 10:56 a.m.
WINDSOR, N.S. — Changes are afoot at the Windsor Fire Department.
As consolidation efforts between Windsor and West Hants municipalities intensify, changes at the fire station are already starting to take shape.
Come December, Windsor Fire Chief Scott Burgess will be handing over the reins to deputy fire chief Jamie Juteau, who will serve as the acting chief until bylaws can be amended to change the position back to a volunteer role.
"This will go back to its volunteer roots — it'll be a volunteer position once the bylaws are changed and approved by our membership," said Juteau, who has served the Windsor Fire Department for 24 years.
A few years ago, at the request of the Town of Windsor, Burgess began taking building and fire inspection courses in addition to serving as the fire chief. He is currently a qualified level 2 building official (inspector) and a certified level 1 fire inspector and serves the town in that capacity.
On Nov. 13, he was hired by West Hants to serve a similar role for them.
"My employer, the town, has agreed to a service agreement with the Municipality of the District of West Hants to share my services, mainly fire inspection, as West Hants requires this as well," explained Burgess in an email.
Due to the changes, it also means Burgess will have little time to continue to commit to being the chief, which has been a paid post since 2002.
As such, Burgess, who has served 30 years as a firefighter — 10 years as a paid fire chief, is planning to retire on Dec. 1.
"I started filling in for Chief (Fred) Fox in October 2008, thinking I was just going to cover his time off. I never dreamt or hoped that I would ever replace him. I never, ever thought I would. We all assumed he was coming back,'" said Burgess in a phone interview, reflecting on his time with the fire service.
Fox died in 2009 from mesothelioma – a cancer that is often linked with firefighters due to their exposure to asbestos from burning buildings. He had joined the Windsor Fire Department in 1971 and was selected to be the successor of long-time fire chief Walter B. Stephens.
"I was writing up my email to our members today (Nov. 16) and… I was thinking, I was the third chief in 60 years and Jamie will be the fourth chief in 70 years," said Burgess, noting the milestone shows just how strong and committed the organization is.
The WFD began providing service in 1881.
"Starting next week, I'm working out of three offices, with five different phone numbers, two different email addresses and so on and so on," said Burgess.
Burgess said he's almost ready to take a step back from leading the organization he loves, and says he's leaving it in good hands.
"Any type of regional service, supportive of each other and cohesive, is a good thing. Chief Fox and I used to talk about it and expected to see it some day. Unfortunately he didn't get to see it. I hope that I will," said Burgess.
"Even a year or so ago, I had mentioned to Jamie that I want to step back when it comes time to start negotiating or to start planning for this consolidated regional service," said Burgess, adding it's important to have someone lead the department during the transition who plans to remain with the organization for a number of years.
"I want the people who are going to be there and live with that destiny that they set to be able to set that destiny and ensure that everybody in our organization and the other organizations can work together," he said.
Juteau has served as a deputy chief since 2010 and was a captain and lieutenant prior to that. He said Burgess has worked hard to better the fire department and thanked him for his support and years of service.
"Scott has served the department, the town, and the Municipality of West Hants as well, in a major way. He's committed a lot of time, made a lot of personal sacrifice, and he's moving on to different things and I wish him well on his future endeavors," said Juteau.
During his time as chief, Burgess spearheaded a memorial project to honour the late Fox. He also fought to preserve the fire department when West Hants' council of the day severed ties and created its own fire service.
He said the good times always outweighed the bad, and those fond moments are what he holds onto.
Burgess said he hopes the WFD remains a staple in the provision of fire service long into the future.
"Not knowing what kind of model that will end up here in a couple of years, I truly hope that there is absolutely still a fire station in the proximity of where there is one now because it works for the area, the growth areas and all around it. I think it's critical to some of the responses and times," said Burgess.
Juteau said he's looking forward to guiding the station into the future.
"We have lots of potential here; lots of talent in the fire service side and I think, amongst all of us, we'll be bringing the best service possible to the customer," said Juteau, referring to working with neighbouring departments to build a functioning regional fire service.
In the immediate future, Juteau said he's working alongside fellow volunteer firefighters to complete some projects, including renovations at the station, and they're looking into upgrades to apparatus.
Juteau said the transition should be pretty seamless.
"It's not until the first of December. I have been taking on more and more of those responsibilities on the go forward as we get up to that," said Juteau, noting the senior management team in the fire department is also taking on additional tasks.


"What are the cultural policy issues surrounding the Grand Paris?"
On the other hand, I am speaking from an institutional perspective.
but it is being constructed level by level.
the Île-de-France Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs and so on.
Festivals are becoming more popular everywhere.
Rock en Seine is one example, Solidays in Saint-Denis is another.
This is what I call dissemination.
So it is being developed, but from the bottom up.
try to build on everything.
on the idea of making this cultural Grand Paris.


Landscape Javier E. Del Río Mol; Manager of Jardinería Natural sl and Viveros Estepona.
Composting is feed your plants, give them food. But one should do in the event that the plant did not find what you need on earth. In principle, a vegetable should assert itself. A plant never dies for lack of payment, because in the worst case, is growing.
When the soil is poor, as is often around new buildings have to think about providing additional plants The soils are generally poor stuffed and can not adequately nourish the plants, which , without dying, will grow slowly. Similarly, in a normal land but cultivated long, nutrients may be scarce for certain vegetables that we plant in it, for example very large bamboos, which are incredibly hungry for nutrients.
There are very poor soils, such as soils full of small stones and sloping, or very sandy soils. Faced with such situations is essential if you want to get fertilize lush plantation. Theoretically we should use plant based on the potential of the soil. In poor soil is preferable rustic vegetable planting and prioritize what grows best . It is the best solution if you are looking for success in the care, but visually it may not be what you like .
When we talk of fertilization, think quickly in fertilizers, which is a mistake because fertilizers are matters of chemical or organic origin (natural ) that release nutrients into the soil. It is rare that a fertilizer equally serve all types of plants, and in fact often target certain types of plants.
The only true multi-purpose fertilizer is compost. Organic matter (humus ) obtained by the decomposition of plant residues provides all the nutrients to the plants in the garden whatever its type. In addition to fertilizers and compost, we can nurture our plants otherwise , covering the feet of plant materials that will decompose slowly. Prepare a compost plant debris and leave transformed into humus at the foot of the plants need some time, so when we need to go fast, the use of fertilizers saves time .
Too much fertilizer is not good?
Do not use any form of fertilizer, as this might disappoint. The main risk is to contribute them excessively. We might think that adding a little more than the recommended dose may not hurt, but actually hurt the plant.
A vegetable, mineral resources to explore soil forms a root system as abundant as it is necessary. Make more on poor soils than in rich soil where the nutrients are readily available.
If you add too much fertilizer, the roots may be suddenly overwhelmed by large amounts absorbing nutrients, occurring partially or completely die.


text:
\section{Introduction}

It is now established, experimentally, that neutrinos undergo flavor oscillations~\cite{ParticleDataGroup:2020ssz}. This is so if they are massive particles and there is a mixing matrix between the flavor and mass eigenstates. Because they are neutral and massive fermions, neutrinos could be either Dirac or Majorana even in the presence of only the standard model couplings. If neutrinos are Majorana, then they  violate lepton number and have only two degrees of freedom, distinguished by helicity, for each flavor. Dirac neutrinos have four degrees of freedom for each flavor as all other fermions.

One of the most pressing open questions in physics is to discover if the neutrino is its own anti-particle. The most natural path to discover this is via the presence of neutrinoless double beta decay (which is only possible if the neutrinos are Majorana)\cite{Goeppert-Mayer,furry}; several experimental efforts around the world, placed in underground laboratories, are trying to detect this signal \cite{Giuliani:2019uno}. However, if the total mass of neutrinos is as small as cosmology suggests ($< 0.1$ eV~\cite{Planck:2018vyg,shapefit}), then the required size of the detector will be $\sim$1-10 tons of the double beta decay isotope, which will be challenging. It is therefore interesting to explore other experimental signatures to detect the physical nature of neutrinos.

A promising avenue is the possibility to explore signatures in the sky for processes which count differently Dirac and Majorana neutrinos and therefore would show that the measurement of the cosmic neutrino background ($C_{\nu} B$) is sensitive to the nature of neutrinos \cite{Long_2014}. There is currently an important ongoing experimental effort to detect the $C_{\nu} B$~\cite{Ptolemy} which will eventually measure and characterize this background. Using this signal and the clustering of dark matter in the sky, we calculate an observational signature that can lead to an astrophysical track of lepton number violation. In particular, under gravity, the deflection angle of neutrinos falling into a gravitational potential modifies the helicity content of Dirac neutrinos in amounts that can not match the helicity content of Majorana neutrinos.

To compute the expected signal-to-noise in the sky we use high-resolution numerical simulations of large scale structure formation that include cold dark matter and massive neutrinos. We demonstrate that indeed the neutrinos velocity field is locally deflected over time. We translate this signature to the number density of neutrino states that would be detected in a cosmic neutrino detector, revealing the physical nature of the neutrino particle. We update the calculations in~\cite{Long_2014} to compute the capture rate in tritium detectors with the new calculated number density distribution of helicity states, also taking into account the impact of the unkown neutrino mass scale \cite{Roulet:2018fyh} in normal hierarchy \cite{hierarchy} and gravitation clustering.

\section{Method}

\subsection{Cosmic neutrino background. Helicity composition.}

In the hot, dense conditions of the early Universe, neutrinos are in thermal equilibrium with the rest of particles in the plasma. At the time of freeze-out, the neutrino scattering rate drops below the Hubble expansion rate and relativistic neutrinos free stream with a frozen Fermi-Dirac distribution. After this time, neutrino energy and density redshift and the neutrino content decoheres in mass eigenstates. This implies that the content of neutrinos can be predicted with independence of the initial conditions in the Standard model of particle physics and cosmology. At late times, neutrinos (at least two of them) become non relativistic and gravity of large scale structures modifies the distribution of neutrinos.

We will briefly discuss now the helicity content of neutrinos when they become non relativistic. Further details can be found in~\cite{Long_2014}

If neutrinos are Dirac particles, then they have four degrees of freedom per generation, which are commonly labelled as:
$\nu_L$ left-handed active neutrino; $\bar \nu_R$ right-handed active anti-neutrino; $\nu_R$ right-handed sterile neutrino; $\bar \nu_L$ left-handed sterile anti-neutrino. Dirac neutrinos are distinguished by their lepton number, which is a conserved quantity. The states $\nu_L$ and $\bar \nu_R$ are active in the sense that they interact via the weak interaction. The states $\nu_R$ and $\bar \nu_L$ are sterile in the sense that they interact only via the Higgs boson, i.e., the mass term. Weak interactions modify only the amount of active states in the early Universe, which acquire the abundance $n_{\nu}(z)$, while sterile neutrinos cannot achieve thermal equilibrium with the standard model (SM). For the Dirac case, the expected spin state abundances of the cosmic relic neutrinos are  $n(\nu_L) = n(\bar \nu_R) = n_{\nu} (z)$ and $n(\nu_R) = n(\bar \nu_L) \approx 0$. In a $C_{\nu} B$ detector sensitive to only neutrinos, one of the four states will be counted.

If neutrinos are Majorana particles, lepton number is not conserved, and there is no quantum number that distinguishes neutrino from  anti-neutrino in the non-relativistic limit. The degrees of freedom are commonly labelled as $\nu_L$ left-handed active neutrino; $\nu_R$ right-handed active neutrino; $N_R$ right-handed sterile neutrino; $N_L$ left-handed sterile anti-neutrino. The active neutrinos interact weakly, and both the left- and right-handed states are populated at freeze-out. The sterile neutrinos interact only through the Higgs boson, but now they are expected to be much heavier than even the electroweak scale. As such, they will decay into a Higgs boson and a lepton, and their relic abundance today is zero. For the Majorana case, the expected spin state abundances of the cosmic relic neutrinos are: $n(\nu_L) = n(\nu_R) = n_{\nu} (z)$; $n(N_R) = n(N_L) = 0$.

After cooling of neutrinos to the non-relativistic regime, helicity and chirality states do not coincide. Then the abundances today would be, for Dirac neutrinos: $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n(\bar \nu_{h_R}) = n_0$; $n(\nu_{h_R}) = n(\bar \nu_{h_L}) \approx 0$, and for Majorana neutrinos: $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n(\nu_{h_R}) = n_0$; $n(N_{h_R}) = n(N_{h_L}) = 0$, where $n_0 = 56$ cm$^{-3}$ and $n(\nu_{h_L})$ is the number density of negative helicity neutrinos, $n(\nu_{h_R})$ is the number density of positive helicity neutrinos, and so on. The total abundance is the same, $6n_0$, in both cases. However, the C$\nu$B contains both left- and right-helical active neutrinos in the Majorana case, but only left-helical active neutrinos in the Dirac case.

If the neutrinos are not exactly free streaming, due to gravitational clustering, but instead they interact, then the helicity can be flipped. This leads to a redistribution of the
abundances in the Dirac case, $n(\nu_{h_L}) < n_0$ and $n(\nu_{h_R}) > 0$ ( $n(\bar\nu_{h_R}) < n_0$ and $n(\bar \nu_{h_L}) > 0$), but no change in the Majorana case since originally $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n(\nu_{h_R})$.

\subsection{Neutrino capture cross-section for a Tritium detector}

$C_\nu B$ neutrinos can be detected by capture processes in a nucleus. In this section we calculate the rate of $C_\nu B$ capture in tritium without averaging over neutrinos spin as to work out the dependence on the incident neutrino helicity, although we assume non-polarization for the electron detection and nuclei. The process is the following
\begin{equation}
\nu_j \,+\, ^3\text{H} \, \longrightarrow \, ^3\text{He} \,+\, e^-
\label{eq:process}
\end{equation}
where the incident neutrino is taken to be in a mass eigenstate $\nu_j$. Due to the low energies involved in the process (\ref{eq:process}), we can safely work in the four-fermions interaction approximation,
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[thin] (-3,0) node[left]{$\nu_j$}--(0,0) ;
\draw[->] (-2,0.25)--(-1,0.25);
\filldraw(-1.5,0.25) circle(0) node[above]{$\vec{q}_{\nu_j}$};
\draw[thin] (0,0) --(2,1.5) node[above right]{$e^-$};
\draw[thin] (0,0) --(1.5,-0.25) node[below right]{$^3\text{He}$};
\draw[->] (0.5,-0.283)--(1.25,-0.408);
\draw[->]  (0.5,0.625)--(1.25,1.1875);
\filldraw(0.75,-0.325) circle(0) node[below]{$\vec{p}_\text{He}$};
\filldraw(0.75,0.8125) circle(0) node[above]{$\vec{p}_e$};
\filldraw(0,0) circle(0.1) node [below]{$^3\text{H}$};
\filldraw(1.5,-0.25) circle(0.1) ;
\draw[thin] (-0.6,0) arc (180:37:0.6);
\filldraw (-0.45,0.85) circle(0) node[right]{$\theta$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Kinematics in the rest frame of tritium.}
\label{fig:diagram}
\end{figure}
In the rest frame of tritium and taking into account that $p_{\nu_j} = \mathcal{O}(\text{meV})$, the momentum of the outgoing electron is approximately,
\begin{equation}
p_e\simeq\frac{\sqrt{\left(M_H + m_j\right)^4 + \left(m_e^2 - M_\text{He}^2\right)^2 - 2\left(M_H + m_j\right)^2\left(m_e^2 + M_\text{He}^2\right)}}{2\left(M_H + m_j\right)}
\end{equation}
In this scheme, we calculate the differential cross section not averaged over the incident neutrino spin because depending on which case (Dirac or Majorana) we work, the detector is only sensitive to left-handed neutrinos (Dirac) or both left- and right-handed neutrinos (Majorana).  The differential cross section for a given helicity and mass eigenstates is
\begin{equation}
\resizebox{0.9\textwidth}{!}{
$\begin{split}
\frac{d\sigma_j (s_\nu,\,q_\nu)}{d\cos\theta}v_{\nu_j}=& \frac{G_F^2 |V_{ud}|^2 |U_{ej}|^2}{4\pi}p_e\, E_e\, F(Z,E_e)\times\\
&\left[\left(\langle f_F\rangle^2 +(g_A/g_V)^2\langle g_{GT}\rangle^2\right)A(s_\nu) + \left(\langle f_F\rangle^2 - \frac{1}{3}(g_A/g_V)^2\langle g_{GT}\rangle^2\right)B(s_\nu) v_e \cos(\theta)\right]
\end{split}
$}
\label{eq:differential cross section}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation*}
A(s_\nu) = 1 - 2\,s_\nu v_{\nu_j}
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
B(s_\nu) = v_{\nu_j} - 2\,s_\nu
\end{equation*}
\end{subequations}

For left-handed neutrinos, $s_\nu = -1/2$ and for right-handed, $s_\nu = 1/2$. In (\ref{eq:differential cross section}), $G_F$ is the weak coupling constant and $V_{ud} = \cos\theta_c$ is an element of the CKM matrix where $\theta_c$ is the Cabibbo angle \cite{ParticleDataGroup:2020ssz}. It is worth nothing that the process is only sensitive to electron neutrinos, that is why we find the PMNS matrix element $U_{ej}$ in (\ref{eq:differential cross section}). $p_e$ ($E_e$) is the outgoing electron momentum (total energy), $F(Z,p_e)$ is the Fermi function where $Z$ is the number of protons of the daughter nucleus, i.e. $^3$He, and $\langle f_F\rangle^2 \approx 0.999$ and $\langle g_{GT}\rangle^2\approx2.720$ \cite{Baroni:2016, De-Leon:2019} are nuclear matrix elements that quantify the probability of finding a neutron in the $^3$H, on which the neutrino can scatter, and a proton in the $^3$He. Finally, the ratio of the axial vector ($g_A$) and the vector ($g_V$) coupling constants is taken to be $1.27641$ \cite{g_ratio} and $\theta$ is the angle between the incident neutrino and the outgoing electron, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:diagram}.

The momentum of the incident neutrinos follows a Fermi-Dirac distribution characterized by the C$\nu$B temperature ($T_\nu = 1.95 $K). Using this and integrating against the scattering angle, one obtains the total capture cross section multiplied by the neutrino velocity, which is the quantity relevant for the capture rate:
\begin{equation}
\sigma_j (s_\nu)\,v_{\nu_j} = \frac{1}{n_0}\frac{4\pi}{(2\pi)^3}\int_0^\infty {dq_\nu\,\frac{q_\nu^2}{1+\exp(q_\nu/T_\nu)}\int_{-1}^{1}{\frac{d\sigma_j (s_\nu,\,q_\nu)}{d\cos\theta}v_{\nu_j}\,d\cos\theta}}
\label{eq:total cross section}
\end{equation}

After integrating over $\theta$ the cross section depends only on $A(s_\nu)$ and no longer on $B(s_\nu)$. The differences in the cross section between the three neutrinos mass eigenstates arise from this term, $A(s_\nu)$. As we will see below, the more non-relativistic the neutrino is, the less velocity it has and, for left-handed, less capture cross section we get. And the other way around for right-handed neutrinos. See second and third columns in Tabla \ref{tab:rates}.

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
    \sigma_j (s_\nu)\,v_{\nu_j} =& \,\frac{1}{n_0}\frac{4\pi}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{G_F^2 |V_{ud}|^2 |U_{ej}|^2}{2\pi}\times \\
    & \int_0^\infty{ dq_\nu\,\frac{q_\nu^2}{1+\exp(q_\nu/T_\nu)}p_e\, E_e\, F(Z,E_e)\,\left[\langle f_F\rangle^2 +(g_A/g_V)^2\langle g_{GT}\rangle^2\right]A(s_\nu)} \\
    =& \,|U_{ej}|^2\int_0^\infty{ dq_\nu\, \bar{\sigma}(q_\nu) \,A(s_\nu) } = |U_{ej}|^2\int_0^\infty{ dq_\nu\, \bar{\sigma}(q_\nu)\,(1 - 2\,s_\nu v_{\nu_j}) }
\end{split}
\label{eq:A(s)}
\end{equation}
where $\bar{\sigma}(q_\nu)$ is independent of the helicity and also, approximately, of the neutrino mass.

In (\ref{eq:total cross section}) we have computed the total capture cross section for a given neutrino mass and helicity eigenstates. Calculating the capture rate requires summing over the six possible initial states  ($j = 1,\, 2,\, 3$ and $s_\nu=\pm 1/2$) weighted by the appropriate flux:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{C\nu B}=\sum_j\left[\sigma_j(s_\nu=-1/2)v_{\nu_j}n_j(\nu_{hL}) + \sigma_j(s_\nu=+1/2)v_{\nu_j}n_j(\nu_{hR})\right]N_T
\end{equation}
where $N_T$ is the number of targets (100g tritium in this case). If we use the fact that different neutrinos mass eigenstates are equally populated, then
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{C\nu B}=\left\{ \left[\sum_j\sigma_j(s_\nu=-1/2)v_{\nu_j}\right]n(\nu_{hL}) + \left[\sum_j\sigma_j(s_\nu=+1/2)v_{\nu_j}\right]n(\nu_{hR})\right\}N_T
\label{eq:rate}
\end{equation}
As we have said before, if neutrinos are Dirac particles, in the absence of velocity deflection, we have $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n_0$ and $n(\nu_{h_R}) = 0$, where $n_0 = 56\,\text{cm}^{-3}$; whereas for the Majorana case, $n(\nu_{hL}) = n(\nu_{hR}) = n_0$. The prediction of capture rates is modified in the realistic case of neutrino deflection by the gravitational potential.

To illustrate the dependence on the neutrinos masses, we have calculated the capture rate for three different sets of neutrino masses, all of them in the normal~\cite{hierarchy} ordering ($m_1 < m_2 < m_3$) and constrained by these relations
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
\delta m ^2 = m_2^2 - m_1^2 = 7.5\times10^{-5}\,\text{eV}^2
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\Delta m^2 = |m_3^2 - (m_2^2 + m_1^2)/2| = 2.5\times10^{-3}\,\text{eV}^2
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
m_1 + m_2 + m_3 < 0.20 \, \text{eV}
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}
Table \ref{tab:rates} shows the results of the total cross section multiplied by the neutrino velocity for left- and right-handed neutrinos. It also shows the results of the capture rate on 100g of tritium for the Dirac and Majorana cases. For the three sets of masses, the mass $m_3$ is always non-relativistic while $m_2$ and $m_1$ go from non-relativistic to relativistic. The capture rate for the Dirac case increases as the masses decrease whereas for the Majorana case is the same for all sets of masses because the process does not distinguish between neutrinos or anti-neutrinos, even though the capture is only available for neutrinos. We will adopt as our fiducial case the one in the second group cell from the top. In the first group all neutrinos are non-relativistic. The other cases illustrate the capture rate dependence on the lightest neutrino mass. The table also shows the individual contributions for the different neutrino mass states. The possibility to identify separately the different contributions depends on the detector energy resolution achieved. A more detailed discussion on the experimental resolution achievable and its phenomenological implications can be found on \cite{Ptolemy,Roulet:2020yye}.

\begin{table}[H]
\makebox[1 \textwidth][c]{
\resizebox{1 \textwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{c|c c c c a a}
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{Neutrinos masses} & \multirow{2}{*}{$\sum_j\sigma_j(\text{left})\cdot v_{\nu_j}$} & \multirow{2}{*}{$\sum_j\sigma_j(\text{right})\cdot v_{\nu_j}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{no LSS} & \multicolumn{2}{a}{LSS} \\
& & & $\Gamma_{C\nu B}^D$ & $\Gamma_{C\nu B}^M$ & $\Gamma_{C\nu B}^D$ & $\Gamma_{C\nu B}^M$\\
& $[\times10^{-45}\,\text{cm}^2]$ & $[\times10^{-45}\,\text{cm}^2]$ & $[\text{yr}^{-1}]$ & $[\text{yr}^{-1}]$ & $[\text{yr}^{-1}]$ & $[\text{yr}^{-1}]$\\
\hline
$m_1 = 4.86\cdot10^{-2} \text{eV}$ & 2.5908 & 2.5349 & 2.76 & 5.46 & 2.75 & 5.46 \\
$m_2 = 4.95\cdot10^{-2} \text{eV}$ & 1.1626 & 1.1379 & 1.24 & 2.45 & 1.23 & 2.45 \\
$m_3 = 7.00\cdot10^{-2} \text{eV}$ & 0.0858 & 0.0845 & 0.09 & 0.18 & 0.09 & 0.18\\
\rowcolor{black!15}          TOTAL & 3.8391 & 3.7573 & 4.09 & 8.09 & 4.08 & 8.09 \\
\hline
$m_1 = 1\cdot10^{-3} \text{eV}$ & 3.6799 & 1.4458 & 3.92 & 5.46 & 3.56 & 5.46 \\
$m_2 = 8\cdot10^{-3} \text{eV}$ & 1.2261 & 1.0745 & 1.31 & 2.45 & 1.28 & 2.45 \\
$m_3 = 5\cdot10^{-2} \text{eV}$ & 0.0860 & 0.0842 & 0.09 & 0.18 & 0.09 & 0.18 \\
\rowcolor{black!15}       TOTAL & 4.9920 & 2.6045 & 5.32 & 8.09 & \textbf{4.94} & \textbf{8.09} \\
\hline
$m_1 = 1\cdot10^{-4} \text{eV}$ & 5.0150 & 1.1069 & 5.34 & 5.46 & 4.56 & 5.46 \\
$m_2 = 8\cdot10^{-3} \text{eV}$ & 1.2261 & 1.0745 & 1.31 & 2.45 & 1.28 & 2.45 \\
$m_3 = 5\cdot10^{-2} \text{eV}$ & 0.0860 & 0.0842 & 0.09 & 0.18 & 0.09 & 0.18 \\
\rowcolor{black!15}       TOTAL & 6.3271 & 1.2694 & 6.74 & 8.09 & 5.93 & 8.09 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
}
\caption{Summary of cross section and capture rate results. No LSS refers to the standard case when gravitational deflection by cosmological large scale structures is not taken into account and therefore $n(\nu_{h_L})=56 \, \text{cm}^{-3}$. LSS is the case when gravitational deflection by large scale structures is included (computed in this work) and therefore $n(\nu_{h_L})=48 \, \text{cm}^{-3}$. Our reference case is the one shown in the second cell from the top, as suggested by cosmology~\cite{shapefit}.}
\label{tab:rates}
\end{table}

We have anticipated the result of the cosmological Large Scale Structure (LSS) as computed in the following sections to show the final observable capture rates.

Even though $p_e$ ($E_e$) depends on the mass of the neutrino, the dependence is so small that it is not evident in the capture rate. Capture cross section real dependence on the neutrino mass is inside the $A(s_\nu)$ factor, because of the neutrino velocity (\ref{eq:A(s)}). When we sum left and right contributions, neutrino velocity terms cancel and the cross section become effectively independent of the neutrino mass; that is why we get the same total capture rate for the Majorana case for all masses sets, because it is in this case when both left- and right-handed neutrinos have the same density so we sum directly left- and right-cross section and lose the mass dependence (\ref{eq:rate}).

\subsection{Neutrino Deflection in a Gravitational Potential}

Neutrinos travelling through a gravitational potential will be deflected. This is not the case for their spin. Therefore, gravity has an impact on helicity, the  projected spin onto the direction of movement.
The clustering of neutrinos within the cold dark matter haloes, i..e, the imprint of large scale structures on neutrinos, has been calculated in multiple semi-analytic and numerical simulations. The neutrino density and peculiar velocity fields have been calculated inside and in the outskirsts of virialized halos, characterizing the neutrino density profiles and the perturbed Fermi-Dirac distribution of neutrino velocities \cite{Villaescusa-Navarro:2012ilf}.

We focus here on an unexploited observable of the neutrino field, the change of direction of the neutrino field since the creation of the halo, which in fact, may lead to a larger signature than previously studied neutrino contributions to the dark matter field. We will calculate numerically this observable and explore the potential to observe it in upcoming and future astronomical surveys. This signature modifies the helicity content of neutrinos and therefore would have an impact on the signal observed in a future $C_{\nu} B$ detector. This is the signature we exploit and that we aim at measuring in the lab by exploiting this signal imprinted in the sky.

As it has been calculated in the last section, the capture rate in a tritium-based detector depends on the neutrino polarized cross section, densities of left- and right-helical neutrinos and the number of targets in the detector (\ref{eq:rate}). For our fiducial case, in the absence of velocity deflection, for the Dirac case, when $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n_0$ and $n(\nu_{h_R}) = 0$, the capture rate expected is 5.32 yr$^{-1}$. Alternatively, for the Majorana case, when $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n(\nu_{h_R}) = n_0$, the capture rate increases to 8.09 yr$^{-1}$. That is an increase of 54\%. The prediction is modified in the realistic case of neutrino deflection by the gravitational potential, as we will demonstrate in the following sections. Gravity changes left-handed neutrinos into right-handed neutrinos; as now $n(\nu_{h_R})\neq0$, the right-handed contribution to the capture rate becomes non-zero in the Dirac case. For non-relativistic neutrinos this effect is very small because left-polarized cross section and right-polarized cross section are almost the same, see second and third columns in Table \ref{tab:rates} for $\nu_3$ neutrinos. Instead, for relativistic neutrinos ($\nu_1$), the change from left-handed to right-handed makes an appreciable effect in the capture rate because the cross section for right-handed relativistic neutrinos is smaller than the cross section for left-handed relativistic neutrinos reducing the total capture rate in the case of velocity deflection by gravity. In our reference case the Dirac capture rate is reduced by gravity from 5.32 to 4.94 yr$^{-1}$. On the other hand, for the Majorana case, we get the same result because neutrino deflection by gravity is the same for left- and right-helical neutrinos so there is not change in the respective densities.

\begin{figure}
\vspace*{1cm}
 \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{twoD_nu_count_vel.pdf}
 \caption{
\label{fig:twoD_section_vel_den}
Central section (thickness $\Delta z = 0.047$ Mpc$/h$) of a 3 Mpc$/h$ side box enclosing the center of one halo (left column) and one void (right column) found in the dark matter plus neutrinos simulation at redshift zero. The top row shows the neutrinos number count in the 64 x 64 pixels, each of volume $V_\mathrm{p}=0.047^3$ $(\mathrm{Mpc}/h)^3$. The bottom row shows the projected 2D average velocities for the same pixels. The color bar reports the 3D velocities magnitude.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{1cm}
 \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{oneD_av_vel_nu.pdf}
\caption{
\label{fig:oneD_section_avVel}
Average neutrino velocity field as a function of distance from the halo (void) center obtained from the 100 heaviest halos (largest voids) at redshift zero. The error bars are relative to the mean signal and therefore correspond to the standard distribution divided by the square root of the number of averaged halos (voids). While in voids the average neutrino velocity does not significantly vary, there is an evident decrease in $\langle\Vec{V}_\nu\rangle$ when moving away from the halos centres.}
\end{figure}

\section{Numerical Simulations and Software}
\label{sec:sims_softw}
We want to investigate the change in the velocity field from the moment neutrinos become non-relativistic to $z=0$ in both halos and voids, at least in the ideal case of a numerical simulation.
To investigate this possibility, we use the N-body simulations from the \textsc{Quijote} suite \cite{Villaescusa-Navarro:2019bje}. The simulations follow the gravitational evolution of $512^3$ dark matter particles, in a periodic cubic box with co-moving size $L=1\, h^{-1}\textrm{Gpc}$. The initial conditions for the simulations were generated at $z=127$ using 2LPT \cite{Springel:2002uv,Crocce:2006ve,Scoccimarro:2011pz}, and we concentrate on one realisation's two different snapshots at redshifts $z=0$ and $z=3$; the latter is the highest redshift output available and we use it as a good approximation to  when neutrinos become non-relativistic as dark matter structure has grown very little between the redhsift at which neutrinos become non-relativistic and $z=3$.

The underlying cosmology of the \textsc{Quijote} simulations is a flat $\Lambda$CDM model (consistent with the \textit{Planck} satellite CMB analysis  \cite{Planck:2018vyg}). In particular, the matter and baryon density parameters are $\Omega_\mathrm{m}=0.3175$, $\Omega_\mathrm{b}=0.049$, and the dark energy equation of state parameter is $w=-1$; the reduced Hubble parameter is $h=0.6711$, the dark matter fluctuations normalisation parameter is $\sigma_8=0.834$, the scalar spectral index is $n_\mathrm{s}=0.9624$.

Given our purpose to study the deflection  angle of the neutrinos velocity field during a redshift interval, we focus on one of the simulations having massive neutrinos, labelled "Mnu-p" and corresponding to a sum of neutrino masses $M_\nu = 0.1$ eV~\footnote{While the capture rates in Table~\ref{tab:rates} are dominated by less massive neutrinos, this simulation illustrates the effect of deflection for the lower velocity neutrinos, which will be similar for the lower mass case.}. Each simulation of the \textsc{Quijote} suite has both catalogues for the halos and voids, for details on how these are found see \cite{Villaescusa-Navarro:2019bje}. These numerical simulations treat neutrinos as particles thus their velocities are meaningful.

To measure neutrinos density and velocity fields we use the public DTFE code \cite{Cautun:2011gf} based on Delaunay tessellation for field reconstruction \cite{Schaap:2000se}. This
method allows switching from discrete samples/measurements to values on a periodic grid maximising the extraction of the information contained in the particle distribution. One of the advantages of this approach is that the derived quantities are volume- and not mass-weighted. This facilitates the comparison with theoretical/analytical quantities which are usually volume-weighted.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-1cm}
\includegraphics[width=1.1\columnwidth]{integrated-cumulative_neutrino_velocity_direction_change.pdf}
\caption{
\label{fig:chnagefullbox}
The panels show the number of neutrinos in the whole simulation box as a function of the cosine of the angle between initial and final velocities of each neutrino for different redshift slices. As expected, the number of neutrinos with deflections different from zero grows as non-linear structures develop.
}
\end{figure}

\section{Halos and Voids: a clear signature}

In Figure \ref{fig:twoD_section_vel_den} the derived density and velocity fields using the DTFE code described in Section \ref{sec:sims_softw} are shown in two cases: one halo (left column) and one void (right column). In particular, the cubic box of side 3 Mpc$/h$ is centered at the halo and void respective positions given by the Quijote catalogues. The top row displays the number count of neutrinos in the box's central 2D section made of 64 x 64 pixels of volume $V_\mathrm{p}=0.047^3$ $(\mathrm{Mpc}/h)^3$. In the bottom row we show for the two cases the 2D projected neutrinos average velocities in each pixel, with the respective color-maps describing the 3D vectors' magnitude.

Figure \ref{fig:twoD_section_vel_den} acts as an illustrative example to visualise the observed quantities in the single case of one halo and one void at redshift zero and to highlight the fact that neutrinos will be deflected by the gravitational field. In order to quantify the gravitational effect on the neutrinos velocity field $\Vec{V}_\nu$, we measure the velocity field around 100 of the most massive halos and inside 100 of the largest voids present in the dark matter simulation. Then we compute the neutrinos average velocity absolute value as a function of the distance from the center of each box. The average signal for both halos and voids is shown in Figure \ref{fig:oneD_section_avVel}. The error bars are given by the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of considered halos (voids), corresponding to the volume of 100 boxes. The decrease of $\langle\Vec{V}_\nu\rangle$ as the distance from the halo's center becomes larger, is a clear signature of the halo's gravitational field. Indeed $\langle\Vec{V}_\nu\rangle$ remains approximately constant as one moves away from the center of the void. The figure show that the velocity field is stronger closer to the center of a halo.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-1.5cm}
\includegraphics[width=1.15\columnwidth]{voids_vs_halos_neutrino_velocity_direction_change_log.pdf}
\caption{
\label{fig:voidshalos}
Top row: neutrino number as a function of deflection angle when averaging the most massive 100 halos and voids in the simulation box. We have integrated in both cases up to $1$ Mpc in radius. Bottom row: normalised cumulative sum. As expected, there is a tendency for the deflection to be less significant in voids than halos.
}
\end{figure}

Given this signature, we can now compute the signal of interest to us, namely: how much the deflection angle for the neutrino changes from the moment the halos/voids just started to collapse, i.e. when the fluctuation is still linear until it is fully virialised.
To do this, we compute the cosine of the absolute value of the angle between the neutrino velocity at redshift $z=3$ (first output in Quijote simulations) and $z=0$ for each individual neutrino.

Fig.~\ref{fig:chnagefullbox} shows the number of neutrinos for each corresponding angle change of velocity between different redshifts for the whole simulation box. We observe two facts: as expected, since the majority of the Universe is empty, most neutrinos suffer no deflection ($\cos = 1$). The number of deflected neutrinos by gravity grows as non-linear structures grow via gravitational instability.

We can now focus more closely on the non-linear structures. Using the halo and void catalogues described in the previous section, we produce averages of the deviation angle between $z=3$
 and $z=0$ for the most massive $100$ halos and voids. The distribution of deviation angles is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:voidshalos}. In this figure we have integrated up to a radius of 1 Mpc.
 As expected, the relative number of neutrinos that get deflected to those that are not has increased compared to the whole box. There is a  difference between halo and voids, with voids producing less deflection as expected.

Fig.~\ref{fig:voidshalos} is our main result. If neutrinos are Dirac we know that the density of neutrinos on Earth, with potential to be captured by weak interations should be $56$ cm$^{-3}$ in the absence of any gravitational effect. The expectation is that this number should be 113 cm$^{-3}$ for Majorana neutrinos. Using numerical simulations we have shown that for Dirac neutrinos there is a change in their density composition on Earth. This factor is in the range $1.05-1.15$ (for voids and halos respectively). So non-linear structures help distinguish the signal between Dirac and Majorana if they are relativistic as they reduce the Dirac signal.

To illustrate this we also show the redshift evolution of the cosine between neutrino velocity fields in Figure~\ref{fig:chnagefullbox}. Note how as non-linear structure develops, the value of the cosine decreases (i.e. the angle increases).

We can now compute, from Fig.~\ref{fig:voidshalos}, the decrease in the number of left-helical neutrinos expected, if they are Dirac, from their deflection angle, by simply using quantum mechanics probability rule for the change of helicity as
\begin{equation}
    n(\nu_{h_L})_{\rm Dirac} = 56 {\rm cm}^{-3} \left [1 - \sum_{0}^{\pi} [\sin^{2}({\frac{\theta}{2}}) * {\rm weight}(\theta)] / \sum({\rm weight(\theta)}) \right ]
\end{equation}
where weight$(\theta)$ is the number of neutrinos for a given angle. As anticipated above this gives a reduction factor $1.05-1.15$ which corresponds to densities of 54 and 48 cm$^{-3}$ for voids and halos, respectively. As expected, the deflection in a void is less pronounced than in a halo.

While the Milky Way is in the center of a relatively empty void, it is its massive dark matter halo and that of Andromeda (both are $\sim 10^{12}$ M$_{\odot}$) that will contribute most to the final neutrino velocity deflection. Recall that the Universe is mostly empty and non-linear structures occupy a small volume. Thus a neutrino will most likely be deflected by just one non-linear structure. The signal on Earth should be $n(\nu_{h_L}) = 48$ cm$^{-3}$ and $n(\nu_{h_R}) = 8$ cm$^{-3}$ if neutrinos are Dirac. This has to be compared to $n(\nu_{h_L}) = n(\nu_{h_L})=56$ cm$^{-3}$ if neutrinos are Majorana. A $5\sigma$ detection of the $C_{\nu}B$ at this level should be possible if a $C_{\nu}B$ experiment has a resolution of better than $13$ neutrinos per cm$^{3}$ (or better than one neutrino per year if one considers the capture rate from Table.\ref{tab:rates}) and will provide a proof of the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Note that the effect of gravity is to help widen the difference between the two cases, specially as more relativistic the neutrino is.

\section{Conclusions}

At present time, ground based prototype experiments are being constructed to  measure and characterise the $C_{\nu}B$. This will open a window to when the Universe was just one second old, much earlier than what has been currently explored by the cosmic microwave background.

Here we have proposed, and computed for the first time, a physical effect that should be included in the $C_{\nu}B$ flux estimate of weakly interacting neutrinos. Because the Universe is clustered and non-linear gravitational structures exist in the form of galaxy clusters and voids, neutrinos will suffer a  deflection angle in their passage through the gravitational potential. Gravity produces a change in the helicity content of the $C_{\nu}B$ that modifies the prediction in case neutrinos are Dirac fermions.

We have used numerical simulations from the Quijote suite \cite{Villaescusa-Navarro:2019bje} to show that the gravitational deflection imprinted on the neutrinos velocity field by massive halos/galaxies is detectable. This is reported in  Fig.~\ref{fig:voidshalos}  where the distribution of the average cosine between the neutrino velocity fields at $z=0$ and $z=3$ is shown for halos and voids. This is the signal we propose to be used in ground based $C_{\nu}B$ laboratories.

We have shown that on Earth the effect, using the average signal of $100$ halos, is a decrease on the left-handed neutrinos interacting with the detector of $48$ cm$^{-3}$ instead of $56$ in the  Dirac case: a 15\% decrease. This increases the difference with the case of Majorana neutrinos for which we expect $113$ cm$^{-3}$ ($56$ cm$^{-3}$ for both left- and right-helical neutrinos). We verified the robustness of the result with respect to variations in the LSS environment, halos and voids, and with respect of the redshift at which neutrinos become non-relativistic.

We have made a precise prediction of what experiments like Ptolemy would measure. The difference of rate observed in for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos depends on the mass scale. Within the current cosmological bound and the evidence of normal hierarchy~\cite{hierarchy}, the rate of Dirac neutrinos capture in a 100 g tritium detector is $4.9^{+1.1}_{-0.8}$ neutrinos per year, which ranges from 0.50 to 0.74 times the rate of Majorana neutrino capture, 8.1 captures per year independently of the helicity composition and mass scale.
Other gravitational affects, like neutrino clustering~\cite{nuhalo,nuhalo2}, have not been discussed here; these, using the scaling formulas in \cite{nuhalo,nuhalo2} will lead to an enhancement of 10\% for both the Dirac and Majorana cases of the neutrino capture rate given the current bounds on the neutrino mass scale~\cite{shapefit}. In an upcoming publication we will show the exact deflection calculation for the solar environment using a  constrained simulation of the Milky Way for light neutrinos ($< 0.001$ eV). In summary, if $C_{\nu}B$ can be detected at $5\sigma$, we conclude that the experiment would distinguish the nature of neutrinos at the $3\sigma$ level.

\begin{acknowledgments}
Funding for the work of RJ was partially provided by project PGC2018-098866- B-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y FEDER ``Una manera de hacer Europa'', and the ``Center of Excellence Maria de Maeztu 2020-2023'' award to the ICCUB
(CEX2019- 000918-M funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. We thank Davide Gualdi for initial discussions and help with plotting procedures. We also thank Francisco (Paco) Villaescusa-Navarro for advice and correspondence on the QUIJOTE simulations and Esteban Roulet for correspondence on the helicity content and capture rate of the $C_{\nu}B$.
\end{acknowledgments}

\providecommand{\href}[2]{#2}\begingroup\raggedright

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Right before we moved from Philadelphia we took the opportunity for one last visit to Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University as part of our partnership with them. We were able to see the "larger than life" Dinosaurs Unearthed Exhibit and make quite a few new discoveries.
You can visit the Dinosaurs Unearthed Exhibit through January 16, 2017. Check out the video at the link, learn more from our favorite Mary Bailey, then buy YOUR tickets.
Dinosaurs had feathers? My kids were skeptical and I can already see that age old "grumpiness at change" we all have a tendency to hold toward new ideas and concepts.
The exhibit was very well done as the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University always is, with replicas of dinosaurs, facts, theories, and research displayed throughout the exhibit, and friendly informative staff everywhere we went.
We felt there were less interactive displays with this particular exhibit but the displays featuring different dinosaurs were cool and it was fun to come around corners and be "face to face" with these magnificent extinct creatures.
Of course we had to end the trip with a stop in the Dinosaur Hall where we always need to visit the Big Dig, hit the treadmill, and step into the picture with dinosaurs.
Did you know you can also visit the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University online exhibits? That's one thing we will be doing as we miss the ability to visit whenever we want.
What IS the history of dinosaurs? No matter what your belief system is, this exhibit is an intriguing educational visit. One that I think is a great time for a family day out and discussion about what your family believes in regards to science theory and religious beliefs.
We're not quite ready but it's time to say so long to our favorite science museum, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University in Philadelphia. As we embark on new adventures in New Hampshire, stay tuned because we're going to give away a 4-pack of tickets so another family can enjoy the museum. We'll say it isn't goodbye though as we intend to stop in on visits to our favorite city.


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When World War II ended, the automotive manufacturer's dream of "pent-up demand" was realized. Buick was in a particularly good position since it had redesigned much of its line for 1942, and these cars were lightly face-lifted and re-trimmed for the post-war boom.
Gone were the prewar Century and Limited lines, but the 121-inch wheelbase, entry-level Special returned with a two-door sedanet and a four-door sedan. The only available engine was the 248-cid straight-eight motor that delivered 110 hp and was mated to a three-speed manual transmission. Prices were right around $1,550, making the Special approximately $500 cheaper than the Buick Super. Even so, with only two body styles, a smaller size, and minimal features, fewer than 3,000 buyers opted for the base Special.
Demand for new cars was still strong and little was changed for the next three model years, except for a more handsome grille. The rest of the Buick lineup was restyled for the 1949 model year, but the Special retained its earlier design. The only significant change was the introduction of the Dynaflow automatic transmission, which appeared on the Roadmaster the previous year.
Post-war Buicks remain a practical and handsome example of curvaceous 1940s styling. They are spacious and comfortable, albeit with a rather soft ride. Many parts were shared across the line, making ownership relatively straightforward. The only Achilles heel is the Dynaflow transmission, which is reliable but inclined to leak at the rear seal. Since the rear axle is a torque-tube arrangement, it must be unbolted to repair the transmission, which makes it labor intensive. Due to the involved nature of the work, many owners opt to replace the rear shaft bushing at the same time to head trouble off. All the same, even though the Super isn't the first postwar Buick to spring to mind for most enthusiasts, the sedans and sedanets are particularly affordable and representative of 1940s American motoring, and a fine choice for anyone interested in the era.
Shipping Weight: 3670 lbs
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Wheelbase - Inches: 121 in
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The list of Yankees prospects attending the East Team All-Stars is right-handed pitcher Dillon Tate and infielder Gleyber Torres. Torres is the highest ranked prospect in the game according to MLB.com rankings now that the Boston Red Sox have decided to shut down Yoan Moncada for the winter after Moncada suffered a thumb injury.
There is a final vote list that you can vote on as well for both teams and Miguel Andujar, the Yankees third base prospect, is on it so this list could climb to three for the Yankees.


Polyethylene foam Sheet, also named as pearl cotton. It's a kind of new –type packing material with the features of damp proof, shock proof, sound insulation, heat preservation and good plasticity. It is an ideal substitute of traditional packing materials, and widely used in the packing of fruit, instruments, bags & luggage, shoemaking, household appliances, electronic product, hardware, furniture, fragile goods, etc.
1.Experience: Longkou FuChang Packing Machinery Co.,Ltd have more than 20 years experience in Packing Machinery and took the lead in passing ISO9001:2000 among the same industries.
2.Good After Sales Service: We have advanced facilities to guarantee our products' quality and any small problem happening of our products will be solved at the most prompt time.
The motor is controlled by inverter to make talcum powder injection accurate and stable.
Bypass converting screen changer, material pressure is filter equally when screen is changed, no stop, no sheet broken, no wasted material.


Debi had decided she was ready to adopt a dog into her family, but then life happened, and she lost her father. Debi had declined into a dark place dealing with the loss. One day she saw a post about a friend of hers who was fostering a dog--and she knew that dog was the one. Debi made arrangements to meet her at a PetSmart Charities adoption event and her heart knew that not only did this dog need her, but she also needed this dog. That was the day Chloie found her forever home with Debi. The two have bonded and Chloie helped Debi get through one of the toughest moments of her life.
My boyfriend and I really wanted to get a dog, and we decided to adopt. But then life happened and adopting a dog went on the back burner for a while after dealing with the loss of my father. I had slowly declined into a dark place. I didn't want to leave the house, stayed in bed and the TV was my best friend and I had no desire to exercise. Then one day I saw my daughter's friend post a picture of a dog she was fostering and I just had a feeling that she was meant for us. We met her at a PetSmart adoption event and I knew I in my heart I needed her as much as she needed us. She was rescued from Alabama with a collar so tight it had to be cut off her neck, she was positive for heartworm and underwent terrible treatment. The first few days we took our time getting to know each other and became friends, I took her to the dog store, walks around the neighborhood & the local dog park. She was nervous and skiddish about everything. Today I have her in obediance classes and we play fetch and we love our walks. She got me out of my slump and we gave her a family. I am forever greatful that we adopted our Chloie dog.


Radicalization of Syrian Immigrants: Risks and Opportunities Policy Note / Hilmi Demir, PhD.
The Ministry of Interior Directorate General of Migration Management declared 3 million 588 thousand 877 refugees have been registered in Turkey with their biometric data as of April 26, 2018. The refugee population is composed of 1 million 947 thousand males and 1 million 852 thousand females. These figures keep increasing every year. Around 1 million of the immigrants are school age children. 492 thousand 544 Syrian children have been enrolled to school in Turkey as of the 2016-2017 education period. 59 percent of Syrian school age children are receiving an education. However, according to 2018 data, this figure has dropped to 50 percent. At the same time, approximately 1 million 200 thousand Syrian immigrants are between the ages 18-34 years, constituting the youth population. Their chances to be employed are quite low.
The proportion of school age children and the youth population coming from war zones to total refugee population entail a serious risk for Turkey. Studies on migrant radicalization show that unschooled and unemployed young immigrants represent an important threat. Turkey has demonstrated great generosity and achieved unprecedented success. Turkish experience and policies concerning refugee children deserve to be held up as a model for the world. After all, Turkey is learning to deal with an intensive migration flow and accordingly, the experiences of Syrian immigrants are teaching us a lot about migration policies in the world.
In Turkey, basic needs of migrants such as food, health and shelter are satisfied. Six school age kids out of ten go to school. Moreover, many organizations provide psychological support to these children. However, overcoming traumas such as the ones experienced by the refugees and ensuring integration to the society does not seem to be an easy process. The victimizations and psychological traumas that children and the youth escaping war zones have endured, leave them vulnerable to violence. In particular, studies have shown that psychological destruction resulting from post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) make individuals prone to violence. This inclination to violence, especially when combined with social exclusion and unemployment, can shape into significantly wider threats. In this study, we will shortly discuss the traumas experienced by migrants, the effects of youth unemployment and social exclusion on the radicalization process and whether it represents a risk for Turkey or not.
You may read full paper from here.


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Harry Potter is well known as one of those books that makes reluctant readers not so reluctant after all. When kids turn the final page of Harry Potter, it's the perfect time to harness that interest in reading with a few more choice chapter books. Unlike many "Books for kids who like Harry Potter…" book lists, I am not exclusively recommending fantasy titles. Now that you've gotten your child hooked on reading through the magic of Harry Potter, it is the perfect time to share the glory of other genres! On this book list you will find not only fantasies, but detective stories, time travel mysteries and nail biting adventures. What all these books to read if you like Harry Potter have in common is that they are page turners. They grab you from the first paragraph.
MORE: We have more than 100 book lists for kids. See them all in the book list index.
Inkheart (Inkheart Trilogy). It's a tome of a book, but if your child was able to read one of the later Harry Potter books, he can certainly get through this one. I adore the metafictional aspect of this book. There's something so wonderful about characters escaping the confines of their stories. Meggie's father's read aloud skills are so magical is actually able to read characters out of the books! Unfortunately an evil character he has read out of a book is on a mission to bring him down and Meggie's father has accidentally read his wife into a book. Spellbinding.
Jack: The True Story of Jack and the Beanstalk. I just finished reading this captivating book. I also think this would make an excellent read aloud, and am planning to read it to my boys. The story draws upon both Jack and the Beanstalk and Jack the Giant Killer. Jack climbs up the titular plant to rescue his Papa, who has been stolen by the giants in the midst of a famine and ruled over by a greedy, gold-hoarding king with a chicken that lays golden eggs. Shurtliff's inventive twists and the way she weaves in references to popular fairy tales and nursery rhymes is ingenious.
MORE: Shurtliff's Rump: The True Story of Rumpelstiltskin is equally worth the read. Find it on my list of Fairy Tale Chapter Books.
The Map to Everywhere is very exciting and it's magical adventurous spirit makes it one of the best books to read if you like Harry Potter! I was hooked by the end of the first page, which let me tell you does not happen very often these days. Two worlds collide when Fin, a master thief in a magical pirate world meets Marrill, a "normal" girl who boards a ship in a mirage in an Arizona parking lot. The two join up in a multi-world quest to find two parts of a famed pirate map that Fin thinks might help him find his mother. This is the first in a brand new series and I'm pretty excited to read the next book!
The Goose Girl (Books of Bayern) is the first book in a series by Princess Academy author, Shannon Hale. A retelling of the fairy tale of the same name, all of the Books of Bayern series (there are four) benefit from Hale's superior ability to create intricate, fully-realized worlds. Ani (the girl in question) is sent on a journey to a neighboring land to marry. When her maid betrays her, Ani goes into hiding and discovers her latent gift of speaking to the wind. A gorgeous read for both girls AND boys.
Savvy is about the magical Beaumont family. Mibs is about to turn thirteen, the age when each child finds out what his or her magic, or "savvy", will be. Her brothers can control natural elements, her mother can do everything perfectly and Mibs is anxious to find out what her special quality is. Right before her 13th birthday party, her father has an accident and Mibs is convinced that her power will heal him. She runs away with her siblings and friends to try and reach him. A magical coming of age story; a wonderful book for kids who love Harry Potter.
The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate. This book is very different from Harry Potter, for while Harry is learning about the powers of the supernatural, Calpurnia Tate is learning about the magic of the natural world. In 1899, Calpurnia loathes the expectations set for 12 year old girls; she'd much rather read Darwin's The Origin of Species and catch and study wildlife with her naturalist Granddaddy. I loved this tale of a girl coming of age at a time when natural and engineering discoveries were changing the world. There is now a sequel, The Curious World of Calpurnia Tate.
The Mysterious Benedict Society (Series). These books are very popular and for good reason! They are impossible to put down. I find the plot hard to describe in just a sentence or two, there are so many puzzles and mysteries to be solved. The story centers around 4 children who answer an advertisement for gifted children and find themselves at the center of an elaborate adventure that puts all their mental strengths to the test.
Escape from Mr. Lemoncello's Library (Series). If you've ever dreamed of spending a night in the library, this is the adventure for you. Luigi Lemoncello, a world-famous game creator has designed the local library and 12 7th graders get to spend the night. They have exactly 24 hours to find the secret exit and win a prize.
The Candymakers When 4 kids gather for the Confectionery Association Conference, they end up trying to solve the mystery of a stolen secret ingredient and create the best candy ever. A nice long book to keep them reading, reading, reading.
On the Blue Comet. Like the Hogwart's Express, the Blue Comet is a magical train that takes children on unexpected adventures. However, the Blue Comet crosses time and space, taking its riders back and forth between the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. You can only board the Blue Comet if you possess an intense need to escape your current situation. That's exactly what happens when Oscar witnesses a crime. He is transported through time and must find his way back again. Suspenseful.
Icefall. Solveig and her brothers, along with berserkers set to protect them, wait anxiously through the winter, trapped in a fortress near snowy mountains and the frozen sea. While they wait for word from their father the king, it slowly becomes clear that someone amongst them is a traitor, but who? This is a thrilling mystery for kids who like stories that keep them perched on the edge of their chair in tense anticipation. I also recommended this on my list of Winter Chapter Books.
Under the Egg is part mystery, part treasure hunt, part friendship story and a suspenseful, engaging read. Just before her grandfather died, he whispered to Theodora, "There's a letter… And a treasure" hidden "under the egg." Theodora, whose mother is incapable of taking care of her, must find away to pay the bills and she starts her search for this mysterious treasure involving a work of art. Her hunt takes her all over New York City, into the past, and introduces her to a diverse group of new friends. The ending is slightly convenient, but the book is so engaging that everything works.
The Invention of Hugo Cabret. Detailed pictures are just as essential (if not more so) to communicating the story as the text. My standard few sentences of a review are inadequate. Hugo lives in the walls of a Paris train station when his secretive life is interrupted by the connections he makes with an unusual girl and an elderly toy vendor. A magical, marvelous, intricate, mysterious and stunning middle grade book for Harry Potter fans.(and good for read alouds, too).
The Golden Compass (His Dark Materials Trilogy). It's been a while since I read this series but I was riveted by it. Two kids, Lyra and Will, cross parallel universes in a world where their souls (for lack of a better word) exist outside of their bodies as animal companions. The plot is complex and is heavily involved with philosophy and theology. It is a fantastic trilogy but is better for older kids who want book like Harry Potter; I recommend it for ages 12 and up.
See all our book lists in the master index!
Like this book list? I have a new book list every Monday. Stay in touch!
I didn't know she did, either, so when I saw that book on the shelves I knew I had to read it.
I loved The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate. I didn't realize there was a sequel. Inkheart was also ridiculously good too, but I haven't read the sequels to that yet either. My kids are still too young, but I'm going to be adding a lot of these books to MY reading list. Thank you!
One other series you might want to add us the Secret of Droon.
Thank you for the recommendation! We have the Droon series on our list of alternatives to Magic Tree House!
You should also look at recent book The Fog Diver. My son just turned 9, is big Harry Potter & Percy Jackson fan and I read this aloud to him. Very interesting concept, great action and strong characters. We both loved it.
That is a fantastic book. I put it on my favorite middle grade reads of 2015 list. The second book, The Lost Compass is being published this year!
Thank you for including The Golden Compass. I read this book as an adult several times. It is a book I highly recommend and it is one of my all time favorites. Your age recommendation is spot on as well.
Thank you! It's such a great book.


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Copyright Servant PC. All Rights Reserved. eCommerce Software by 3dcart.


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13 Responses to "Begin it NOW (your soul is calling…)"
Thank you for inspiring me to begin, however imperfectly, those things I have pushed aside.
It reminds me of a saying that my wife, tells me "the path emerges as you walk it, so walk it. I have been putting off my book for a while but in the next 14 days, I will release it to the world. Thanks for inspiring me. I will have my blog up no later than next Tuesday.
Everything unfolds in it's own perfect time. If we decided the incubation time for every magnificent birth, the "Type A's" would be having babies in two weeks, max!
I'm so glad that you're blogging and contributing even more to the world in this format! Your first post was definitely worth waiting for.
These were just the right words at just the right time!
Well, okay…I have never been called to do anything other than to sing and write songs. I have yet to make it 100% my full time living because of various and sundry excuses I've allowed myself over the years. I also enjoyed blaming other people for my lack of success or allowing others' opinions to overshadow my own. Details are unnecessary, partially because it's the longest story EVER and partially because I'm not going to give the lies I've told myself any more power.
Your timing is interesting here. I had committed to really working this out this year and I've made great strides, but lately I felt myself floundering in the "now what???" place. But yesterday I had a great string of emails w/a mutual friend who gave me great encouragement, ideas and some contacts. I appreciate your blog today as a confirmation that I'm indeed on the right path as well as a reminder that I've decided to FINALLY ACCEPT MY CALLING instead of fearing it.
Its so freeing reading from all of you. THANK YOU for sharing, it means so much.
Jacques, can't wait to hear about YOUR blog – and yes, your book, too.
And Darci, bless you for your open, real sharing of what you're stepping into. Isn't it great when we get signs from life and support that affirms the path we're on.
You're AWESOME and wishing you the absolute best – as I wish everyone here.
I love it! Congratulations on living into it. Making to move from thought into action into the actual manifestation of your dream is HUGE!!! WooHoo!!!!!
Keep posting girl! Great name for your blog, too… LOVE IT!
It's called Lynn Rose's blog.
I was choked up reading your beautiful prose, Lynn. You are such a fountain of positive energy and exuberance and beauty, I'm thrilled for you that the fountain is finally unplugged and gushing forth with your words, words as beautiful as your songs.
I'm even more thrilled for the people who will be reading them.
Now, if you want to hear a real coincidence, I've been tweaking my website today (finally) and am posting my first blog on WordPress too (finally)!
You are such an inspiration, Lynn. God bless you, and may everything you write bring everflowing joy to the reader and to you.
It is so wonderful to hear from you. It is wonderful to hear your soul express itself so honestly. I am sure many of us at one time or another could sign our name at the bottom of that and change a few words around and it would apply just the same.
There is a magnificant timing that always presents itself appropriately. I am certain this was the right time for you to begin because I am certain there were great lessons learned to get to this point.
As we teach with our Life Dance, once you learn the lesson in one aspect of your life it tends to translate to numerous others simultaneously. Be ready for this amazing transition of greatness that Alberto and I have seen, felt and heard from you since the day we met you. You are an amazing and talented woman with a beautiful spirit.
We just opened our Life Dance International Training Center in Orlando after feeling the tug and urges for many years. I can only say it is "the right time". Whenever you are in Orlando let us know so we can plan something with you and feature you. We would be honored to do so.
Great post. A real motivator to me at this time in my life where I have felt stagnated. It's time to move on to the next stage, to make commitments and stick with them instead of leaving all the doors to every option open and not entering one. It's like the old TV game show "Let's Make a Deal". The contestant can only chose to open one door and once the choice is made move on, for better or worse. In my case I have done the research for each option so at least I know the beginnings of what's inside each door, but I can only enter one and move on. Decision time is here, then let the action begin! Thanks for your encouraging words and example.
It is always good news! to hear that someone has inproved their life.
Some times in life you realize who am i carring those brcks around for? all i have to do is set them down and away you go.
I"m so happy for you my friend.
I totally resonate with your experience.
Congrats on answering something that's been calling from inside of you for quite some time. I am just starting my own blog and webiste and know that resistance can show it's face as a loving reminder of something that we need to push through.
I salute you for moving through the resistance into recreation! Love it. Keep it up.


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USD/JPY fails to break key hurdle after Xi speech underpinned risk assets
Fawad Razaqzada April 10, 2018 6:32 AM
After yesterday's drop on Wall Street, sentiment improved overnight on the back of positive comments from Chinese president Xi Jinping.
After yesterday's drop on Wall Street, sentiment improved overnight on the back of positive comments from Chinese president Xi Jinping. He struck a conciliatory tone, pledging to open China's economy and "significantly" lower tariffs on vehicle imports, without giving much details. As stock indices bounced back, safe haven yen weakened, although gold remained largely unchanged. The dollar, meanwhile, remained out of favour after falling for two consecutive trading sessions on Monday. This kept the gains on the USD/JPY in check. The greenback struggles to sustain a bid after that disappointing jobs report on Friday helped to lower expectations for aggressive rate hikes from the Fed. The dollar is also held back amid political turmoil within the US and ongoing trade war concerns. Indeed, market participants do not appear to be too optimistic about the prospects of an imminent dollar recovery: every attempted rally has so far turned out to be a dead-cat bounce. The greenback could get in real trouble if this week's incoming inflation data points to weaker price levels in the US. The producer price index (PPI) will be released later on today while the more important consumer price index (CPI) measure of inflation will be published tomorrow. Headline PPI is expected to have risen 0.1% month-over-month in March, while headline CPI is expected to have remained flat. The core measures of PPI and CPI are both expected to have risen by 0.2% m/m each.
The yen meanwhile remains edgy after trade tensions between China and the US intensified last week as US President Donald Trump threatened to impose tariffs on $100bn of Chinse imports. While Mr Xi's speech overnight has helped to soothe investor sentiment slightly, the trade dispute could easily escalate again. Sentiment could also turn sour on other geopolitical risks stemming from Russia and the Middle East. Russian President Vladimir Putin has been criticised for his support of the Syrian government, which was accused of launching a chemical weapons attack in the war torn nation. Mr Trump has said that the US government will decide whether or not to strike Syria "very quickly" in response to the alleged chemical weapons attack. Russia, meanwhile, has already been blamed by the West as being behind the poisoning of an ex-spy and his daughter in the UK. About 28 nations have already sent home more than 140 Russian diplomats in a coordinated response, while the US has introduced various sanctions against Russian oligarchs and political officials in an attempt to hurt the Russian economy.
USD/JPY hits key resistance
After rising for two straight weeks, the USD/JPY has reached a key resistance zone in the 107.30-108.05 range. The lower end of this range marks the 2017 low while the upper end was the last support prior to the latest breakdown. Thus, for as long as the USD/JPY remains below this 107.30-108.05 range, the technical outlook remains bearish, despite its recent bounce. In fact, given that the long-term trend has been bearish, there is a good chance that the downward trend could resume from here, barring an unexpectedly sharp rise in US CPI on Wednesday. If the sellers do step in here again then price may fall back towards the 105.00 psychologically-important handle, below which there is little further support seen until the next psychological handle of 100.00. But let's not get too ahead of ourselves. First thing is first: the bears must defend that 107.30-108.05 resistance area as failure to do so could lead to a sharp short-squeeze rally towards 110.00 and possibly 111.00, where the long-term downward trend comes into play.
Source: eSignal and FOREX.com.
forex FX Stocks USDJPY


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Home News Collections	85 Years of the driving test
85 Years of the driving test
The origins of the driving test are explored in the latest blog from Research and Enquiries Officer Patrick Collins.
1st June 2020 marks the 85th anniversary of the introduction of compulsory driving tests in the UK. After that date, anybody who had taken out a driving licence after 1st April 1934 was obliged to undergo an official driving test.
Britain was among the last nations in Europe to introduce driving tests, France having been the first as early as 1899. Somewhat confusingly, the Ministry of Transport had started carrying out driving tests nearly three months earlier on 13th March on a voluntary basis, perhaps to test the system or to avoid a rush for tests in June.
The fee for the test was 7s 6d, although this was reduced to just 5 shillings two years later as the Driving Test Organisation had made an 'unintended' profit of £16,000. Two hundred examiners, including 16 supervisors, selected from over 34,000 applicants, were responsible for carrying out the new test.
The motoring press devoted copious amounts of both editorial and letters pages to the new driving tests in the months leading up to the June introduction, keeping the readership well-briefed on the new proposals. The Motor, for example, ran a series of hints for test candidates, including this sage advice:
Let us accept the fact that the minimum of inconvenience and maximum of safety to other road users are the essentials of good road sense, and remember that much that passes under the name of road sense is really only courtesy.
Sir Henry Segrave's first race win


How do you make East Perth and CBD hum? Google it!
The State Government should sell Google the East Perth Power Station for a dollar and let it create a thriving Australian campus in Perth, Primewest head of asset management Adam O'Donoghue says.
Mr O'Donoghue, one of five panellists speaking at the Property Council of Australia WA's half-yearly office market report on Thursday, made the off-the-cuff remark in response to a question about how to resuscitate Perth's centre after its "5 o'clock close".
"Population drives everything in WA in my view," Mr O'Donoghue said.
"If you keep population (growing) at 3 per cent you are going to see a real vibrant city.
"If you look at other States, they use tax breaks and incentives: Sydney is in the tender for the likes of a second campus for Amazon.
"We know Google is hunting around Sydney — and naturally they are going to go to Sydney — (but) we don't even put our hat in the ring.
"Why wouldn't we go and say, right, there's the East Perth Power Station.
"You can have it for a dollar, you go and spend whatever you want, off to the races ... but they don't do anything like that.
"We have got to think outside the box in terms of tax breaks and population levels to bring new business to Perth to diversify away from the mining sector long-term.
Mr O'Donoghue said, similarly incentives could be offered to big Asian financial institutions from Singapore or Hong Kong to set up an office here and "bring in expats that way".
"You have got to use population or (tax breaks) or whatever levers you have got," he said.
The East Perth Power Station, on an 8.5ha site, is close to the CBD and transport, across from Optus Stadium and the proposed $3.8 billion high-density Golden Group development next to the Belmont Race Course.
Despite concept plans and calls for expressions of interest that acknowledge its history, activate the riverfront and create a premium inner-city destination with residential, work and leisure opportunities, the site has languished while the area around it has transformed.
The Google campus idea joins a long list of ideas including an international art gallery and a $100 million mining museum.


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1,349Freight Rail Employees
Rail Powers Idaho's Economy
Since Idaho's statehood in 1890, rail transportation has been vital to the Gem State's growth. Two of Idaho's most important industries, agribusiness and the extraction of raw materials, continue to rely on rail service to connect to markets across the continent.
Idaho's 12 freight railroads operate over 1,729 miles of track and employ 1,349 in the Gem State.* It would have taken approximately 6.4 million additional truckloads to move the 115.9 million tons of freight that moved by rail in Idaho in 2017. Food products and nonmetallic minerals make up the majority of freight rail shipments beginning in Idaho. Nonmetallic minerals, farm products and chemicals are the largest rail imports to the state.
Michael Gaynor
Assistant Vice President, Field Operations
Michael Gaynor manages the field staff and operations for GoRail.
Get to know Michael


null The zapping is done by a handheld magnetic device. When a patent feels a migraine coming on they hold it to the back of their head. The device then delivers two quick magnetic pulses into the brain which scientists believe short circuit the headache process.
The theory was tested on 164 patients, half of whom had a real treatment while the other half got a sham procedure. Thirty-nine percent of those who got the real thing were pain free two hours later.


ALESHA Dixon is resuming her position as Britain's Got Talent judge on the popular ITV show this weekend.
As Alesha is back in the spotlight for the latest series of BGT, many have been wondering what happened to the other Mis-Teeq girls.
Even though London-born Sabrina was the frontwoman of Mis-Teeq, she hasn't quite managed to reach Alesha's levels of success.
She has attempted to launch her own solo career, releasing her debut single OMG in 2009.
Sadly, Sabrina's first hit failed to chart noticeably in the UK and her second track Lock Down equally received a lukewarm reception.
Over the years, the 37-year-old has appeared on a string of reality TV shows, including I'm a Celebrity and Celebrity Scissorhands in 2008.
Even though she hasn't remained in the spotlight, the talented singer is helping other artists chase their dreams through her very own record label, Swash music.
R&B backing singer Su-Elise Nash was always the lesser-known of the bunch.
Since leaving Mis-Teeq, she's embraced her former stardom by appearing on comedy panel show Never Mind the Buzzcocks.
Amusingly, contestants were tasked with the challenge of picking her out of a line-up of other guests dressed up as 90s popstars.
After reaching the peak of her fame, Middlesex University graduate returned to academia to get a teaching qualification.
She has certainly put this degree to good use, as she now runs performing arts lessons at the Su-Elise Stage School in Kent.
Many will remember Tina Barrett from her career with S Club 7… but did you know she started off in Mis-Teeq?
Before auditioning in front of Pop Idol creator Simon Fuller, Tina decided to leave the girl group, which used to be called Face2Face.
After enjoying a successful career with S Club, she has remained performing their popular hits for years.
Tina regularly puts on a show with fellow bandmates Jo and Bradley.
The 39-year-old recently became a mum after welcoming her baby boy Roman to the world.
Last year, Tina Barrett spoke about her relationship with Paul Cashmore, as well as admitting her sadness that she didn't give birth naturally.
Just like some of her fellow Mis-Teeq stars, Zena decided to leave the band to chase her dreams of launching a solo career.
Even though top producers Anthony Dent and RedZone helped with work on her first album, All of Me, British music lovers weren't very taken with her tunes.
After a brief career in radio, which included hosting BBC Radio 1Xtra with Trevor Nelson, Zena decided to leave the world of showbiz.
The Birmingham-born star is now believed to be living in LA, where she runs her own property investment company.


A Nintendo Switch Nindies Showcase Summer 2018 presentation will be held next week, Nintendo has announced. The broadcast will be held next week – August 28.
You'll be able to watch the presentation as it happens below.


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Q: Run Power shell exe and perform certain steps in that exe I have an .exe file that I'm running using Start-Process. Once this exe is launched, I want to perform certain steps like click on the 'Next' button or some other button on that exe. How can I perform these actions on a exe through shell script?
Start-Process -FilePath $MyExe -WorkingDirectory $MyPath

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There is snow on the ground…again.
But baseball season is just around the corner for the Lipscomb Bisons. One area where they have shown consistency in the preseason is their location in the polls with most prognosticators, including Atlantic Sun Conference coaches, picking them ninth.
Coaches usually greet preseason polls, whether they are positive or negative, with a shrug. Bisons' coach Jeff Forehand is hopeful the dire predictions will motivate his players to elevate their games.
"I told the team that is about right," Forehand said. "All it is based on is what happened last year and what players people think we have coming back.
The top six teams in the A-Sun qualify for the tournament which is being held for the second year in a row at Lipscomb's Ken Dugan Field at Stephen L. Marsh Stadium.
"It is going to be disappointing if we are not in that tournament," Forehand said. "Our goal is to be the first seed in the conference tournament, but in a league with 11 good teams if we can't be first then we want to be in the tournament.
The A-Sun is one of the more competitive conferences in NCAA Division I. The talent level is deep this season with many teams.
The Bisons did not place anyone on the preseason all-conference team. Forehand is confident that at least one Bison, pitcher Richie Goodenow, will be an All-Conference selection before the season ends.
Goodenow, a left-hander, was primarily a reliever during his time with the Vanderbilt Commodores before deciding to join the Bisons.
"Richie has played in the Southeastern Conference," Forehand said. "He has experienced every situation. He has been in a starting role, and for sure, he has been in a reliever's role.


To be clear, we are not talking about personal possession or drug trafficking across the border. Any citizen of Canada who admits using marijuana in the past may be permanently barred from entering the United States.
So, smoking a herb that is currently legal in more than half of U.S. states can be considered an immoral act by border guards, acting on their own discretion.
It seems that Alan Ranta was asked questions about smoking weed because of his odd clothes. He headed to a music festival and was wearing a banana suit, tutus, and a bright hat.
Ralph Goodale, the Public Safety Minister of Canada, has recently said that the ban should be reexamined. The dialog between the border authorities of Canada and the U.S. should be intensified.
Banned Canadians will need to apply for a travel once again and pay a $585 fee for a shot at overturning the previous decision. The waiver may or may not be approved; moreover, it has varying expiration dates. Once expired, they must reapply for a fee that doubles the original amount.


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We've Turned Away From God's Word
By Christopher Chetland
Today's message comes from the story of Elijah. Unlike all other prophets, there has been no reference to Elijah's genealogy, we just know he is a Tishbite. 1 King 17: 8-16. He arrived in Zarephath and at the home of a widow living in poverty with nobody to provide for her and her son amidst a land in drought. They were about to eat the last meal made from all that remained of the flour and oil.
Elijah said to the widow; "make me a cake first," So she did as the stranger asked and then God blessed her. The land was in drought because God's people, the Israelites, had turned away from God's laws and taken God for granted, their continuous sinfulness generated a divorce from God. 'She saw that I divorced faithless Israel because of her adultery. But that treacherous sister Judah had no fear, and now she, too, has left me and given herself to prostitution.' Jeremiah 3:8. Judah was not divorced because God needed a wife from a pure line from which Jesus can be born, but she was just as sinful. God promised prosperity if his people remained obedient; 'If you listen to these commands of the Lord your God that I am giving you today, and if you carefully obey them, the Lord will make you the head and not the tail, and you will always be on top and never at the bottom,' Deuteronomy 28:13. God warned the Israelites to never forget the Lord their God; 'But that is the time to be careful! Beware that in your plenty you do not forget the Lord your God and disobey his commands, regulations, and decrees that I am giving you today.' Deuteronomy 8:11. However they did forget and in their disobedience; 'They have planted the wind and will harvest the whirlwind. The stalks of grain wither and produce nothing to eat. And even if there is any grain foreigners will eat it.' Hosea 8:7. We know that the law cannot be separated from the love of God. Supporting this claim is John 14:15; 'If you love me, obey my commandments.' The practical evidence lies in countries which have left the British Commonwealth of Nations rule of biblical order to become a republic, each has become a harsh rule over its people since. Look at Africa and India; they were prosperous countries before they removed themselves from the Commonwealth, the work of the missionaries became less effective and now these places are full of slums. The poor grieving widow depicts the perilous position of the country, but the flour and oil remained, however small, and depicts the word of God. 'Yes, I am the bread of life! Your ancestors ate manna in the wilderness, but they all died. Anyone who eats the bread from heaven, however, will never die. I am the living bread that came down from heaven. Anyone who eats this bread will live forever; and this bread, which I will offer so the world may live, is my flesh.' John 6:48-51. 'But Elijah said to her, "Don't be afraid! Go ahead and do just what you've said, but make a little bread for me first. Then use what's left to prepare a meal for yourself and your son. For this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: There will always be flour and olive oil left in your containers until the time when the Lord sends rain and the crops grow again!' 1 Kings 17 13-14. God preserved the life of the widow and her son and God has promised to preserve Israel. The Godly nations are moving further away from God's laws; Australia, Britain and USA are all in debt, our farms are being sold to foreigners, we have taken God for granted and a yolk has been placed around our necks. But there will always be the word of God among us; depicted in today's story as the barrel of flour and a cruise of oil that sustained the widow and her son.
Christopher Chetland
Pastor Christopher Chetland first felt the calling to minister in Wonthaggi in the 1970's, firstly not wishing to go, but since has lead thousands to Christ founding Grace Chapel in 1981 and it's Kenyan ministries in mid 2000's. Ps Chris stepped down as Senior Pastor in 2021 and has continued coordinating Grace Place, Grace Chapel's Kenyan halfway home assisting abused and neglected mothers.
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That Team Secret squad famously features a 13-year-old British star, so any emerging superstars in the summer open could play their way right on to a professional team.
Precisely where Fortnite competition goes from here is an open question. For now, the very existence of an open-invitation tournament is a watershed moment worth noting, and worth following as the game simultaneously rises in popularity and opportunity.


The changing skyline. The Hudson Yards development will add 5 huge new skyscrapers to the skyline. The main tower will be 30 Hudson Yard. It will have one of the most spectacular outdoor observation decks in the world. The building is scheduled for completion in 2019.
Heights don't scare some people. Is that guy wearing yoga pants?


Q. Does the Library sell stamps?
No, the Library does not sell stamps. However, Mail Services has a kiosk that does (credit/debit cards accepted). It is located in 2.802 Rebecca Sealy Hospital (enter on the 6th Street/Arlan Market side of the building).


Karma forms a tether to target enemy champion, revealing and damaging the target for 60 / 110 / 160 / 210 / 260 (+90% of ability power) magic damage over 2 seconds (one tick at the start of the cast and one at the end). Gathering Fire is applied every time this ability damages. If the tether is not broken after the 2 seconds, the target is rooted for 1.4 / 1.55 / 1.7 / 1.85 / 2 seconds.
Mantra Bonus - Renewal: Focused Resolve increases the duration of the root by 0.5 / 0.75 / 1 / 1.25 seconds and heals Karma for 20% (+1% per 100 ability power) of her missing health immediately plus another 20% (+1% per 100 ability power) of her missing health if the tether remains unbroken.
Theres surely a mistake.. 0.66 intervals sum up only 4 ticks if this spell works as ignite.
842734 Cruel_back Theres surely a mistake.. 0.66 intervals sum up only 4 ticks if this spell works as ignite.
Shouldn't it be every 0.33 seconds? Otherwise the damage doesn't add up.
771943 GfxJG Shouldn't it be every 0.33 seconds? Otherwise the damage doesn't add up.


NOTE: Registration closes May 1st or When the Roster is Filled.
Misfits Box Lacrosse is based upon on a tradition of excellence within the game and is dedicated towards the athletic and personal development of the next generation of players.
Misfits Lacrosse was originally founded by Adam Wirtz in 2014 as a travel field lacrosse team. The program's new focus is on developing East Valley box lacrosse. There is simply no better way to improve upon fundamentals, stick work, athleticism and toughness than to play box lacrosse.
Lacrosse has evolved, it is faster, more accurate and skilled. For players to succeed at this level they can not rely on field lacrosse alone. They need to become a complete player.
This is why college programs and youth clubs in the east are adding box lacrosse training as a priority. Our goal is to fill every division possible from Novice to High School, giving them the best coaching, and maintaining a competitive level so they can succeed as college players.


Providing Quality Transportation Services For Over 18 Years.
Since we started in 1995, our goal has been to provide quality transportation to our customers, while setting the standard for exceptional service and unsurpassed safety.
Specializing In Passenger Van Transportation.
We specialize in multi-passenger transportation in Seattle and the surrounding areas.
With a fleet of passenger vans, we can accommodate all your transportation needs.


text:
module HackerNewsCLI
  class Engine
    class << self
      def inbox
        @cached_entries ||= Entry.unread.all
      end

      def fetch
        @cached_entries = nil
        HackishEngine.new.homepage.map do |e|
          unless Entry.exists?(:entry_id => e[:id])
            Entry.create! do |entry|
              entry.entry_id = e[:id]
              entry.title = e[:title]
              entry.link = e[:link]
              entry.site = e[:site]
              entry.points = e[:points]
              entry.num_comments = e[:num_comments]
              entry.submitted_at = e[:submitted_at]
              entry.username = e[:username]
            end
          end
        end.compact
      end

      def mark_as_read(entry_id)
        @cached_entries = nil
        Entry.find(entry_id).update_attribute(:read_at, Time.now)
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub