only 2 more posts until i can give rep points!
How do you see who has given you rep points?
Go to your User CP at the bottom there is a box it says rep. It tells you who gave it to you, which post, time, and maybe a little message.
Are you 100% certain of this? I thought that when you turned off the rep system, then back on, that you start from scratch, no reps retained.
I had a rep system turned off as well. As you can see all my rep points are still here.
Yup. I've turned my rep on and off a number of times and not only do I keep my rep points, but I continue to receive them even when it's disabled.
Well that certainly clears up this mystery. That's a pretty cool option/feature. Thanks to you and THEODOR EICKE2921 for clarifying this.
Click on your User CP located at the top bar where you see the menu selections. It's the second one. Scroll down and you will see Latest Reputation Received.
I don't see this option where it's supposed to be--or anywhere else for that matter. Is that because I haven't received any rep points yet?
Would some generous soul rep me just so I can see if it appears?
Thanks Out Cast. Also thanks to Jacktheripper434 and Dux90. Lastly, thanks to Richard the Lionheart for repping me in another thread.
I guess I can't pay you guys back until I hit 50 points but you'll all be remembered whenever that happens.
Under 50 posts you can rep members (including rep comments) but it doesn't count.
Above 50 posts you can give rep that counts.


Imagine you're at a cocktail party.
You have a drink in your hand and you're surrounded by tall tales and witty asides.
Well Shake, Stir, Muddle is like a virtual cocktail party. Every fortnight I'll offer you a new drink and invite you to stay for some clever conversation.
We'll talk about your cocktail, and movies and music and travel, and I'll lean in to share a few tales of my awkward teenage years. There might be a bit of politics and religion every now and then, but it's a cocktail party, we aim to keep things light and fun.
And like all good parties, when it comes time to leave, I want you to be happy you came and look forward to the next one.
So who am I? Your hostess with the mostest?
I'm Carolyn Swindell and I am a writer and a journalist and a lover of the not-so-humble cocktail.
Shake, Stir, Muddle is about trying new ones, trying to make old ones, and just about any excuse to raise a glass and have a laugh.
Most of all though, it's about keeping cocktails sociable and making sure my guests have a good time while you're here – so make sure you tell me if you want some more cocktail onions and please, join in the conversation!
As a like-minded cocktail aficionado, love your blog…. Do you have a good recipe for a white cosmo?
I have to confess to being a bit meh about the Cosmo – and about vodka cocktails in general. Can you get hold of white cranberry juice locally?


text:
Why Everyone Missed the Most Important Invention in the Last 500 Years by@daniel-jeffries
Why Everyone Missed the Most Important Invention in the Last 500 Years
June 22nd 2017 156,146 reads
I am an author, futurist, systems architect, public speaker and pro blogger.
You've never heard of Yuji Ijiri. But back in 1989 he created something incredible.
It's more revolutionary than the cotton gin, the steam engine, the PC and the smart phone combined.
When people look back hundreds of years from now, only the printing press and the Internet will have it beat for sheer mind-boggling impact on society. Both the net and the printing press enabled the democratization of information and single-handedly uplifted the collective knowledge of people all over the world.
So what am I talking about? What did Ijiri create that's so amazing?
Triple-entry accounting.
Yeah. I'm serious.
But don't feel bad if you slept through the revolution. It wasn't televised or posted on Reddit. When Professor Ijiri died in 2017, most people didn't catch his obituary. His most famous book, Momentum Accounting & Triple-Entry Bookkeeping, has a grand total of zero reviews on Good Reads. So you're not alone if you missed it.
Go ahead and Google "triple-entry accounting" and see what comes up.
232,000 results. In the age of Google that's like not existing. Minor Instagram celebrities and memes invented last week have more hits.
The number two link is a Wikipedia article that's barely a stub. The fourth down is a paper from 2005. Ijiri isn't even mentioned on the first page.
So why is it so important if nobody knows about it?
Because the first application for it didn't come along until 2008 and so it's real impact is still to come. But make no mistake, it's coming like a tsunami that will remake every aspect of our lives and societies.
To understand why, you just need to know a little about history's sexiest subject.
Accounting: History's Sexiest Subject
Here's the thing: Without accounting, you wouldn't be reading this article on your iPad, or driving to work in a new car or listening to music on Pandora. Without accounting there's no commerce, no trade. Without commerce there would be no planes, no trains, no tractors, no steam engine, no skyscrapers or computers. There would be no nation states, no boats, no shipping containers traveling all over the world ferrying goods from the far corners of the Earth.
In fact, without accounting you'd still be subsistence farming or hunting in the forest.
You see, there's only been two accounting breakthroughs in the entire history of the world before now.
Both of them presaged a massive uptick in human societal complexity and innovation.
The first breakthrough was single-entry accounting.
Before that we were running around the forest chasing animals, following the moon or farming. Our prospects were limited. You lived with your tribe or clan and you hunted and gathered. Your parents before you did the same thing and theirs before them and theirs before them in an endless cycle down through the years.
Accounting broke that cycle.
For the first time we had the ability to bootstrap ourselves into a different kind of life, one that didn't involve every single person on the planet living hand to mouth.
The earliest examples of single entry accounting go back to the Sumerians about 5000 years ago on cuneiform tablets. Yeah, those Sumerians, the ones who gave us the Epic of Gilgamesh, the world's oldest recorded story. These systems were simple but effective. You just put one note in a ledger. So-and-so owes me $50.
Once you can keep track of who owns what, trading starts to happen at a much larger scale. That's why the kings and queens of ancient times could build castles and establish professional armies and create great wonders of the world.
But single-entry accounting isn't very good. It can only take you so far. The only accountants back then were the king's brother because you really had to trust that guy. All he had to do was wipe away a line in the ledger and that money no longer existed. There was no way to verify, no way to audit, no way for two people to agree.
That meant trade was a family affair. The kings and queens traded with the dukes and mostly they kept all the money for themselves and left the rest of us to starve. Powerful clans dominated the Earth.
Double-Entry to the Rescue
It wasn't until the 1400's that the single-entry system really started to show its age though. For the first time, you had boats that could travel from near and far. That meant they could trade with people they'd never met. Since boats became the most important way to carry goods to distant lands, port city-states like Venice became the center of the ancient world and the nexus of world trade. But with so much trade going on, single-entry accounting showed even more cracks. It's easy to make data entry errors. People's books were soon a hopeless mess of conjecture and lost money. The more trades that stacked up, the more errors.
Multiple civilizations from the Italians in the 1300's, to the ancient Koreans, to the second Muslim Caliphate all developed versions of a double-entry system. The systems never caught on though. And that brings us full circle to the most important invention in the history of man: the printing press. Without it, knowledge remained siloed. People would develop a breakthrough in one area of the world, only to die off and leave no trace. The press allowed people to make hundreds of thousands of copies and that meant knowledge survived and circulated, instead of dying with its creator.
By the 1400's, a Franciscan friar finally codified the double-entry system and it swiftly became the standard with Venetian merchants. All thanks to the preserving power of print.
This opened up world trade. Now goods could flow easily to all the empires of the old world.
Fast forward to today and we still use a double-entry system. If you do your taxes in TurboTax or keep your books in Quickbooks you're using double-entry.
But now those systems are starting to show their age badly.
Take a company like Enron. They did all kinds of things to cook the books. They managed to hide billions in debt.
And that's where Triple-entry Accounting comes in.
The Dawn of Triple-Entry
Most people missed Professor Ijiri's breakthrough because it straddles two equally obscure and poorly understood fields: cryptography and accounting.
It's rare enough to find a person who's versed in one of those disciplines, never mind both. Without that kind of interdisciplinary understanding, it's no surprise that his invention went over like a lead zeppelin.
There's also the little problem that he was incredibly ahead of his time. Encryption had not yet entered the public consciousness. If you work in information technology you might remember the Clipper chip scandal, where the NSA tried to mandate a backdoor in all encryption. That was in 1993. Ijiri published his work in 1989. It passed mostly unacknowledged by the general public.
In 2005, came a more well-known example of a triple-entry accounting system, created by famed cryptographer Ian Grigg.
Then, in 2006/2007, a self-taught programmer likely stumbled on one or both of the systems. He was working on an alternative currency, with no centralized trust.
It was called Bitcoin.
It was the first working example of triple-entry accounting.
Now I know what you're thinking. Please not another story on how Bitcoin changed the world. But here's the deal, whether Bitcoin survives or fails, the blockchain will continue to thrive and flourish, as will triple entry accounting. Corporations and governments that initially scoffed at it are now racing to adopt its power. (Oh and I don't think Bitcoin will die either. It's here to stay, like it or not haters.)
At the recent Consensus summit in New York City, I counted Deloitte and Touche, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Deutsche Bank, US Dept of Health and Human Services, The World Bank, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Toyota, Fidelity and Citi among the attendees. JP Morgan announced they were incorporating the anonymity protocol of Zcash into their own enterprise blockchain, an idea which would have seemed absurd only a few years ago.
But here's the thing: We're only at the caveman stage of what we can do with blockchains.
We've been playing around with funny money, making currency and trading it, but the utility of these currencies in the real world has so far remained limited to speculators and early adopters.
But blockchains can do much, much more, as can the cryptos that drive that innovation.
One Pill Makes You Larger
Triple-entry accounting and by extension blockchains and crypto are a way of agreeing on objective reality. It's not the objective reality. That's a philosophical black hole we'll ignore for now, but it's an objective reality. It's two parties agreeing on a version of past events. The third entry in the system, entered into the blockchain, is both a receipt and a transaction. It's proof that something happened between two parties, which goes beyond the receipts that each party holds in double entry.
But all that is theoretical. Why does it matter? What can you do with it?
So many things.
I Won the Popular Vote
How about voting?
We have tons of problems with voting today that we've hedged against in advanced democracies and completely failed to deal with in banana republics, third world countries and authoritarian regimes the world over.
How many people voted?Did they already vote?Was their vote recorded properly?Did their vote reflect their intention?How can we audit it all later, easily and quickly?Can we trust that audit?
And that's just the tip of the iceberg.
There's also the little problem of counting those votes accurately. Even in 2017, that's fraught with error, subject to the the honesty of the vote counters and the checks and balances in the systems to prevent fraud. We also have proprietary voting machines that we can't publicly audit or trust, where countless failures in the chain of custody of the machine could see the votes altered.
Blockchains can change all that by ensuring that votes are provably correct and publicly auditable.
What we'll see in the not too distant future is the merger of what's called E2E voting systems (end-to-end verifiable voting, and blockchain-based systems.
E2E means that everyone in the entire population, down to the individual voter, can verify the results. Every individual knows his or her vote was recorded accurately and they can check it themselves. They don't have to trust someone to tell them it was correct like we do today. They can also see that everyone else cast their vote with certainty. But despite this amazing transparency, it still preserves the all-important secrecy of ballots, which prevents coercion and group-think.
Today we can't do any of that (other than keep ballots secret). We can generally attest to the integrity of elections but we can't prove it, which is why a certain person who won an election recently sometimes claims he won the popular vote by two million. E2E changes that. Politicians may not like it, because they have a stake in being able to say the votes are rigged, but too bad for them, because the rest of us want absolute voting integrity.
There are multiple examples of E2E systems in use today, such as Helios developed by Ben Adida of Harvard's Center for Research on Computation and Society. It's not ready for the high stakes of a national election yet but it's been used on the small scale for campus wide votes. Think of these as alpha tests.
What about voting on the Internet? That's where the blockchain comes in. If you can marry an E2E voting system with the efforts behind decentralized identity and reputation systems, you can deliver E2E distributed voting too, aka "Internet voting." That's one of the goals of the Cicada project and other decentralized platforms like the recently formed decentralized Digital Identity consortium.
Bye, Bye Enron
What else can you do with triple-entry accounting?
One of the simplest and most promising use cases is for issuing stock.
Let's say you have a little company that we'll call Enron. It's doing tremendously well. You've got a million shares of stock, say 10% of the total shares.
At least you think you do. You've got an official looking piece of paper that says you own a million shares. That's legit, right? It has a stamp and everything.
Except you don't really, because they were cooking the books or issuing double shares. With today's double entry systems it's a security problem to give you access to their books. They live behind the corporate firewall.
But triple-entry changes all that. We can issue stock and you can check your stock against the blockchain. Now you don't need access to their books to verify that you actually have 10%. You can look at the chain, see that there were 10 million shares issued and that you have a million, so you have 10% for realz.
That might not stop them from completely cooking the books, but it goes a long way towards stopping lots of financial fraud that's possible today. When you get stock, you'll know you didn't get double-issued stock.
Still, even with all that, you might not believe it because Bitcoin and cryptos have a lot of negative press swirling around them, so let's look at a few of the most common arguments against them, just for kicks.
But…But Tulips
You know this story. Bitcoin is a Tulip craze and it has no value. Only fools and computer geeks see it as worthwhile.
This is such an asinine comparison. It demonstrates a complete lack of critical thinking. It's nothing but a knee-jerk opinion formed after casually reading an article or two on Reddit and calling it a day. That's not thinking. That's a lazy mental heuristic, a poster child in the Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments.
Here's the deal: Tulips actually had no inherent value. They were just flowers. They were pretty and that was about it.
Bitcoin is founding an entirely new method of frictionless transactions, spawning new decentralized app platforms that you'll be using every day in three to five years.
Don't believe that? Take Status for example. Status just raised $270 million dollars in an ICO to build a Decentralized WeChat. (FYI, it might be a $100 million, as the reporting on this ICO is all over the place.) Now people are right in saying that just because someone raises money doesn't mean that has any value. You may hate or resent Status and think they suck. Doesn't matter. But their approach is smart. That means it could very well be successful. The reason is WeChat.
WeChat isn't that well known in the US, but it's used by 890 million people in China and greater Asia. It started as a chat app but now it's the ultimate mobile platform, with its plugins powering everything from buying tickets to comparison shopping to finding out how crowded an area is before you go shopping. People in China use it for every aspect of daily life.
The only problem is WeChat can't really spread beyond China because it's fraught with centralized control by an authoritarian regime. Decentralizing that trust will go a long way to revolutionizing mobile computing and bringing that power to the Western world.
WeChat is like Paypal / Slack / Stash / Viber / Facebook / Twitter / eBay / Instagram / Priceline / Hotels.com / Yelp all rolled into one.
If you think all ICOs are Ponzi schemes and you can't see the potential in a decentralized WeChat then you can't see the potential in much.
If Status is successful, that $270 million is going to look like a drop in the bucket.
Nerds!
But only nerds like cryptos!
You mean like when computer geek Jeff Bezos was starting a little company called Amazon to sell books on this thing called the Internet that nobody but nerds understood? I mean there are all these book stores I can go to, why would I need that?
Or how about when Steve Jobs and Woz were hacking together a computer in their garage?
What the hell is a computer people asked? Only nerds need that.
Neither the Internet or computers had much value then. But those pioneers were smart enough to see into the future, projecting out far enough with intellectual curiosity and seeing the potential while people still scoffed at them.
That's what us geeks see in Bitcoin and cryptocurrency and blockchain right now, even if others are missing it.
But…But It's Unstable
You know this story too. Cryptos are unstable. They can go to nothing overnight. You can lose a lot of money.
This argument tells you absolutely zero.
Anything can go to nothing over night.
Nothing is immune. Not central markets or decentralized ones.
Housing crisis anyone?
Stock market crash in the 20's, 80s, 90s?
Here's the Dow Jones over a 100 years to illustrate:
That is a long-term trend up. Awesome. But it's not the whole story.
You see those big downward spikes? They're really smoothed out on this long timeline, but those are times when people lost a lot of money. If you're in one of those times, it can hurt bad. It looks a lot steeper zoomed in.
Let's take a look. Here's the zoom in on the 1920's crash out.
Looks a lot different from that perspective, right?
How about this headline from the 1980's crash, dubbed Black Monday, when traders came into work to find the market dropped drastically overnight?
That's what trading is. High risk, high reward.
But while everyone else is worried about wild swings, traders love it. They know that downward spirals are opportunities while novices cry about market manipulation and unrealistically expect things to go up forever.
Bitcoin looks wild in the short term, and it is, but it's long term trend is up.
Investing when everyone else thinks something is worthless, and hanging on tight when everyone else is losing their minds is how it's done. That's why Warren Buffet is rich and you're not. He bought Coke when everyone else though it was going bankrupt. That's what he does. That's all he does. He finds good companies that are undervalued and buys them up while others are fleeing.
As Rudyard Kipling wrote in his famous poem If:
"If you can keep your head when all about you,
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too…
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it."
But…But It's Backed By Nothing
One of the biggest and most ridiculous claims against cryptos like Bitcoin and Ethereum is that they have no inherent value except that we believe they do. I can't tell you how many times this shows up in comments on any article written on this subject. Read my lips:
Nothing has any inherent value except the value we put in it.
Well maybe food, water, shelter does, but beyond those basics, what else? Not much. Even gold and diamonds are just some shiny shit we dug out of the ground and we liked it because it shimmers. No real value and barely any utility.
Your USD is backed by nothing. It only has value because we all agree it has value.
But wait, you say, it's backed by the US government. Sure, but what's that really worth in a serious crisis? How's that working out in Venezuela right now?
We tend to think of trust as a fixed trait. It's not.
Trust is a moving concept.
If my government was stable for fifty years and then a bunch of morons get elected who do stupid shit, that trust is now worth shit, as is their backing.
A backing by a central entity is no guarantee of anything. At multiple points in history, currencies from major industrialized nations have gone into a tailspin despite that backing. Think Germany before WWI, which led directly to WWII.
It can even happen here. And it has.
J.P. Morgan once bailed out the U.S. Treasury because they were broke.
But this is the modern world you say. Nothing like that can happen again.
Last I checked we're only seventy years out of a war that consumed the planet, cratered multiple economies and currencies and killed 50 million people. That's barely a picosecond on the grand scale of human time. If you think we're so evolved since then, as multiple governments across the planet wage war on the post-world war alliances that have bound us together for seventy years, then I don't know what to say other than you believe in fairy tales about human nature. Human nature is the same dark creature it's always been and it can turn on us in a second.
But wait you say, the USD has inherent power as a store of value and a means of transacting business!
But Bitcoin and other cryptos are now more and more valuable every day as they fund companies through ICOs and through the thousands of decentralized apps that companies are building for them right now.
Tomorrow they'll be even more valuable because they'll power voting, gaming, issuance of shares and even security and reputation banks.
That's a hell of a lot more valuable than just a means to buy Beanie Babies and iPads and Snickers.
Oh, and Bitcoin's long-term trend is up. The US dollar's long-term trend is down. It bleeds value little by little, slowly eroding your purchasing power like cancer eating away at you for years without you seeing or feeling it. It's called inflation. One day you will wake up and find your dollar is worth a lot less than it once was because it's designed to decrease in value over time.
Yesterday's Snickers cost 5 cents. Today it's $1. Tomorrow it will be $5. Your dollar is still a dollar.
Bitcoin and Ethereum are not just any other asset, like gold or silver or stock in a company.
They're shares in an economy.
It's just hard to see right now because it's a banana republic economy.
But in five to ten years, it will be a third-world economy and then a second-world economy and then a first-world economy. And everyone will be wondering, why didn't I see that coming? I wish I got in back then when everyone was missing the forest for the trees.
Imagine buying shares in the United States when the first settlers got here and swindled the Native Americans out of Manhattan.
What would those shares be worth today?
DISCLAIMER: Be a big boy or girl and make your own decisions about where to put your hard earned money. I am not a financial adviser and this is not financial advice and if I really need to tell you this then it's best to keep your money in your pocket anyway.
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NOTE: I think several people are correct in pointing out (privately and in comments) that Ian Grigg's triple entry system is more directly related to triple entry accounting as Bitcoin defines it and as I define it in this article. And Grigg is vastly more influential in the crypto community, as this video from Balanc3 at Consensys shows. This article should not be seen as taking away from Ian Grigg's contributions or efforts or ideas. He deserves all the credit in the world. However, I feel that the concept of looking at accounting in three dimensions goes back to Yuji Ijiri in 1989, even if the substance of what he was tracking with that third dimension is different and even if it preceded much of the work that came about with encryption, so I feel it is a fair attribution. However, attribution of ideas is a tricky business because usually when an idea is ready to pop it is sitting out there in the collective unconscious and multiple people hit on it in different ways. As always people are free to disagree with me. Also, if you disagree with this, it's only one point of many in the article, so try not the throw the baby out with the bath water. Then you're just missing the forest for the trees again.
I'm an author, engineer, pro-blogger, podcaster, public speaker. My upcoming book, Mastering Depression and Living the Life You Were Meant to Live tells the story of how I battle depression and still live a big, bold and beautiful life that I'm proud of every day.
Lastly, you can join my private Facebook group, the Nanopunk Posthuman Assassins, where we discuss all things tech, sci-fi, fantasy and more.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


... "He's phenomenal," says Hennessy, a RUSH fan. (Hennessy herself has released two albums: her last, I Do, in 2015.) Given the musical connections, the Star says it's surprising that Clattenburg hasn't got Lifeson and Hennessy busking in a Toronto subway in a giant ironic wink to the audience. "That would so work!" says Hennessy. "My character didn't finish high school, she was in a band. And one of her future fans was her boss (Lifeson) at the cereal company. So yes, I think somebody should talk to Mike about that scene. Could you maybe put in a word for me?"
... It's fun to put yourself in an uncomfortable situation. If you have a little bit of confidence and you just get out of your own way, these things can happen. The same thing happened when I got asked to do a small role in a TV show, Crawford, a new comedy on CBC from Mike Clattenburg, who created Trailer Park Boys. I thought I couldn't do it - that it was something for real actors. But I ended up doing a few episodes. It definitely was not in my comfort zone. But if you throw a challenge at yourself and dive into it, it can be really gratifying.
According to imdb.com, Lifeson will also appear in next week's episode (Season 1, Episode 10 - Manny's Way). You can learn more about the show and how to watch it via the CBC website.


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Treebank Statistics: UD_Marathi: Relations: det

This relation is universal.

113 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as det.

113 instances of det (100%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.36283185840708.

The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with det: <tt>NOUN</tt>-<tt>DET</tt> (106; 94% instances), <tt>PRON</tt>-<tt>DET</tt> (2; 2% instances), <tt>ADJ</tt>-<tt>DET</tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt>DET</tt>-<tt>DET</tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt>NOUN</tt>-<tt>ADV</tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt>NOUN</tt>-<tt>NUM</tt> (1; 1% instances), <tt>VERB</tt>-<tt>DET</tt> (1; 1% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 det	color:blue
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	_	9	punct	_	_
2	त्या	तो	DET	_	Case=Obl|Distance=Dist|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	_	तुकडा	NOUN	_	Case=Obl|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	_	चा	ADP	_	Gender=Neut|Number=Sing	3	case	_	_
5	का	का	ADV	_	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	कोणी	कोण	PRON	_	Case=Erg|PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
7	हजार	हजार	NUM	_	_	8	nummod	_	_
8	रुपये	रुपय	NOUN	_	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
9	देईल	देणे	VERB	_	Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	_	9	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	_	_	9	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 1 det	color:blue
1	तो	तो	DET	_	Case=Nom|Distance=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	पाठीमागून	पाठीमागून	ADV	_	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	कोणी	कोण	PRON	_	Case=Erg|PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
4	येत	येणे	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Part	8	ccomp	_	_
5	आहे	असणे	AUX	_	Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
6	असे	असा	ADV	_	_	4	mark	_	_
7	त्यांना	तो	PRON	_	Case=Dat|Distance=Dist|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3	8	nsubj	_	_
8	वाटले	वाटणे	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 1 det	color:blue
1	तो	तो	DET	_	Case=Nom|Distance=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
2	आणखी	आणखी	ADJ	_	Case=Nom	3	amod	_	_
3	एक	एक	NUM	_	_	4	nummod	_	_
4	तरुण	तरुण	ADJ	_	Case=Nom	6	nsubj	_	_
5	धावत	धावणे	VERB	_	Aspect=Imp|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
6	आला	येणे	VERB	_	Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6	punct	_	_

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text: leopardus, Labrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:450, 518, Pl. 30 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Grand Océan équatorial, ou les mers qui en sont voisines [Indo-West Pacific]. Syntypes: MNHN A-5725 (3, dry) Indian Ocean. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:98 [ref. 19171], Bauchot et al. 1984:17 [ref. 19232]. Based on drawing in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepède 1801) -- (Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:128 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:518 [ref. 5667], Allen & Swainston 1988:54 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:491 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:23 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:102 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:49 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:47 [ref. 21042], Allen 1997:82 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:42 [ref. 26476] dated 1802, Kuiter 1997:104 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:102 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:111 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:177 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2541 [ref. 24815], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:712 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:29 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:712 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:621 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:48 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:149 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1005 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:43 [ref. 30213], Motomura in Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:84 [ref. 30492], Fricke et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:34 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:262 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:59 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:145 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:454 [ref. 36100], Fricke et al. 2019:113 [ref. 36673], Fujiwara et al. 2020:33 [ref. 38631], Parenti & Randall 2020:54 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:49 [ref. 38701]). Current status: Valid as Cephalopholis leopardus (Lacepède 1801). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to northern Marianas, Line and Marquesas islands, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.


Custom designed in London, made in the UK- Libby May London is an exciting new jewellery line set for a grand launch in the end of 2016. Yes, that's right, that means that their beautiful range of exquisite jewellery is out very soon, and I'm glad to be given a chance to preview some of their collections in this post for you today.
I received two pieces of jewellery from them to give my honest thoughts, and I'm pleased to say that I'm totally in love with my new accessories. The first thing I got was a rather delicate bangle bracelet which was in Rose Gold color (one of my favourite colors of all time, because it's so girly and feminine) and it's so easy to slip on and off because it's flexible. I love how delicate their designs are- the bracelet is really thin but stands out on your wrist, and also has beautiful details on the clasps in the end. It's such an exquisite piece and looks great on literally any outfit.
The second piece of jewellery was beautifully designed- it was a 3-piece embellished ring with little diamonds all along the ring. I've never seen this design before, and it looks gorgeous on my finger! It looks like one piece, but is actually three gorgeous thin rings. Again, I'm impressed by their design and quality- it's top-notch and stunning. I reckon it's one of the best rings I've ever owned since it's super comfortable, fits right on my finger, and is so shiny and sparkly that it lights up the room.
Overall, I'm so happy with their delivery speed (fast) and their packaging. As you can see, they came in really classy boxes with ribbons and a black cushion to support the jewellery. I told my boyfriend that this would make a perfect gift from men to their significant others, and it's so true! I think as a girl, I'd love to receive a Libby May London piece for my birthday or anniversary, since they're definitely on the middle/ high end of jewellery.
Register for 10% off their line on their site today, and don't forget to check out their social media for more lovely jewellery! They have a lovely Instagram feed, and I'm a huge fan of their posts.


text:
WOOMERA PROHIBITED AREA RANGE ACTIVITY WARNING NOTICE
By Coober Pedy Regional Times on September 28, 2018 • ( Leave a comment )
The Department of Defence is scheduled to conduct testing in the Woomera Prohibited Area (WPA) between 1 October and 21 October 2018.
Access to travel on the Stuart Highway will be suspended between the Ingomar rest stop (S29.697100, E135.131879) and the WPA boundary North of Glendambo (S30.600743, E135.384943) for up to 12 hours per suspension.
It is anticipated there will be nine (9) suspensions during this period, however, due to the nature of the activity, additional contingency closures may be required.
On road closure days, uniformed Defence personnel will staff the road closure points to prevent access. In addition, roadside electronic signage will be in place just outside Glendambo and Coober Pedy to advise the public if the road will be closed on the day. Travellers are advised to ensure they have adequate provisions to accommodate any closure periods.
The WPA is declared as a Prohibited Area under Defence Force Regulations 1952 and the Woomera Prohibited Area Rule 2014.
Permits are required for access to the WPA other than for those areas covered by a standing permission or for those persons/entities classified as existing users under the Defence Force Regulations 1952.
Members of the public travelling through the WPA via the Stuart Highway are reminded that this road forms part of the prohibited area and that they are not to deviate from it.
Other roads and tracks entering the WPA are signposted to the effect that the WPA is a prohibited area and no person shall enter or remain therein without proper authorisation. Presence within the WPA without permission is an offence under Section 72TC of the Defence Act 1903. The penalty for being in the WPA without permission is imprisonment for two years or 120 penalty points or both.
Members of the public traversing the WPA via the Anne Beadell Highway are reminded that, in addition to a permit being required from Range Operations Woomera on (08) 8674 3370, permits are also required from: Maralinga Tjarutja Lands & Mamungari Conservation Park
CEDUNA SA 5690
Tallaringa Conservation Park
Department for Environment Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs 9 Mackay Street
PORT AUGUSTA SA 5700
There may be some items such as cylindrical rocket motor cases and nozzles, flat rectangular pieces of metal, spherical tanks, military projectiles or unexploded ammunition encountered in the WPA. If any unusual item is encountered, it must not be handled as it may be extremely dangerous and could cause serious injury or death.
Note the description and location of the item and report it to the Pastoral Station Manager or the Range Activities Coordinator Woomera on (08) 8674 3370.
Enquiries in relation to the use of, or entry into the WPA should be directed to:
Air Force Test Ranges Coordinator
RAAF Woomera
Range Operations Office Woomera
WOOMERA SA 5720
Email: woomera.enquiries@defence.gov.au
Categories: COOBER PEDY News & Events, FAR NORTH News & Events, GENERAL News
Tagged as: stuart highway, Woomera Prohibited Area (WPA)
$100,000 GOLD NUGGET FOUND IN REMOTE WA
31st OCTOBER DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSIONS TO SAVE MINTABIE


I have a client that has lots of images and lots of data. The total is 2.1 TB which, of course we need to backup. I would like to do a mirror to multiple disks per week. The problem is, it takes a week to get the first copy over to the disk. If I do a straight robocopy it takes two days, still very slow but not a week. Any suggestions how I can speed this up or possible seed the drives and just do updates to them after the seeding?
Please send us the last backup log to support[at]backup4all[dot]com, to see what can be improved.
I'll do that. It's gonna take a few days for it to complete.
What was the final resolution to this issue?
Were there changes to the B4A job parameters which improved the end-to-end time?


text:
Major In Genetics,
MAJOR REQUIREMENTS. Genetics and Genomics. MMG 295. Advanced Special Topics. Choose 9. MMG 211. Prokaryotic Molecular Genetics. MMG 220.
Evolution is the change in organisms over time. All organisms are related to each other but over time different organisms developed different survival strategies during evolution. Genetic drift is a.
One of Africa's last major lion strongholds has experienced a significant decline in its genetic diversity since the end of the 19th century, leaving the animals more vulnerable to future threats. For.
The information in genomes provides the instruction set for producing each living organism on the planet. While we have a growing understanding of the basic.
Study Genetics at Otago for academic excellence and an outstanding student experience. Learn about. Bachelor of Science (BSc) majoring in Genetics.
Evolutionarily-conserved genetic pathways important for development, growth, and physiology are a major focus of study as well as the genetics underlying.
The health care industry is on the cusp of a major transformation led by advancements in the field of genomics, an area driving greater understanding of human genetics and its application to the.
More specifically, that genetics play a role in how heavy a person gets. So, finding and helping these individuals is a major goal for coming years. "The ability to identify high-risk individuals.
Among the services, genetic disease testing shall be the major segment determining the market trends. Growing awareness regarding animal health, and increasing genomic testing for prevention of loss.
Apr 26, 2018 · Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common illness accompanied by considerable morbidity, mortality, costs, and heightened risk of suicide. We conducted a.
Genetics is both a discipline (the study of heredity) and an experimental approach (manipulation of genes or the genetic material). Today, most geneticists.
Genetic studies tell us that the Anatolian Turks (those Turks who live in the Republic of Turkey) are a mix of West Asian, Central Asian, and Northeast Asian ancestral elements, but primarily West Asian. This means most Turks have deep roots in Turkey and are descended from peoples like the Armenians and the Hittites who once lived in large numbers in that land.
Nov 5, 2018. The phylum Nematoda is part of the superphylum Ecdysozoa and has five major clades (I to V), four of which contain human-infective parasites.
May 16, 2019 · Processing Tomatoes. AgSeeds is a major contributor to California's processing tomato industry. We offer a wide range of products and services that extend well beyond seed.
1991). At present some more laboratories in India, such as the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), and Madurai Kamaraj University are engaged in genetic engineering studies, particularly.
DNA Day takes place every April 25. Teachers and students worldwide are encouraged to celebrate by participating in the ASHG DNA Day Essay Contest!
PAI-1 plays a major role in the development of these clots. Johnston and other Westrick lab members worked to identify a genetic locus (the location of a gene or genetic marker) responsible for.
Cancer is a genetic disease—that is, cancer is caused by certain changes to genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. Genes carry the instructions to make proteins, which do much of the work in our cells. Certain gene changes can cause cells to evade.
The concepts learned in the Genetics course are then built upon in many areas of biology; for example an understanding of inheritance is integral to an.
Mar 29, 2019. This has also facilitated the study of many human traits, including diseases that have a major genetic component but whose inheritance.
Comparative study of 81 genomes of parasitic and non-parasitic worms identifies gene family births and expanded gene families at key nodes in the phylogeny that are relevant to parasitism and.
A first-of-its-kind study using family-based genetic analysis has confirmed a gene involved in male hormone production, DENND1A, plays a major role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. An individual's skin pigmentation is the result of genetics, being the product of both of the individual's biological parents' genetic makeup, and exposure to sun.In evolution, skin pigmentation in human beings evolved by a process of natural selection primarily to regulate the amount of ultraviolet radiation.
Many of the faculty aligned with the molecular genetics major involve students in research that seeks to understand the biological processes that govern.
The Department of Human Genetics is the home within the Division of Biological. RNA splicing mutations play major role in genetic variation and disease.
May 03, 2019 · Award by the American Society of Human Genetics. At its Annual meeting in October 2017 in Orlando, the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG), presented Dr. Kári Stefánsson, founder and CEO of deCODE genetics, with the William Allan Award.
Scientists have cracked the full genetic code for California's beloved trees — the coastal redwoods and giant sequoias — that will help researchers identify forests that are most diverse, genetically.
The first global biodiversity assessment in 14 years is to be discussed next week. "The loss of species, ecosystems and genetic diversity is already a global and generational threat to human.
Physical Geology Plummer 14th Edition Chapter 02 – Atoms, Elements, and Minerals 2-1 Chapter 02 Atoms, Elements, and Minerals True / False Questions 1. A mineral is defined as a crystalline solid that is naturally occurring, has a specific Plummer, C., Carlson, D., & Hammersley, L., Physical Geology (14th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 2012. Blatter, D. & Hammersley, L., 2010, Impact of
China is refusing to renew the export licenses for two major Canadian livestock genetics companies, iPolitics has learned. The export licenses for Alta Genetics, based in Calgary, and Semex, based in.
He also cautioned that while "psychiatric genetics has made major progress over the last decade and we can start using the knowledge gained for the benefit of our patients, we should not succumb to.
What Is DNA? Scientists have discovered an unmistakable language within all living things. Like a miniature library, DNA stores piles of information in extraordinary molecules that specify the details of everything from the shape of flower petals to the color of your eyes.
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Hereditary Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. Depressive disorders.
Mar 07, 2017 · Some people swear that brown eggs taste better, while others prefer the taste of white eggs. But just as with nutritional content, there is no real difference between the taste of brown-.
A high-density genetic linkage map consisting of 7,963 SNP markers. Overall, 12 stable major A-QTL and three stable DE-QTL were identified for these traits,
Toxin testing. We offer rapid analyses of all major freshwater and marine algal toxins in water & shellfish. Read more »
Photograph: Mark Pinder/The Guardian Doctors have identified a new mutation in a woman who is barely able to feel pain or stress after a surgeon who was baffled by her recovery from an operation.
The pinnacle of the genomics and molecular genetics major is the senior laboratory experience, during which students conduct an intensive study in genetic.
Pacific Biosciences Sequel II System genetic analysis platform to catalog structural variants—the genetic hotspots—governing cannabis chemotype BEVERLY, Mass., April 18, 2019 /PRNewswire/ — Medicinal.
Market Research Report Insights by Reports Monitor: The major purpose of this Genetic Analyzers Market report is to provide an in-depth view and strategic analysis of the parent industry. The report.
If you are seeking a degree in Genetics, you'll find there is a large range of degrees that can be earned. A major in Genetics is offered at a small amount of.
"This study drives home the fact that genetics plays a major role in why some people are obese – and that some people are fortunate enough to have genes that protect them from obesity," explains Sadaf.
The major depressive disorder (MDD) working group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has published a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for MDD in 130,664 cases, identifying 44 risk.
Major topics include genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, development, plant biology, vertebrate physiology, neurobiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution.
Oct 23, 2017. Seventy-two new genetic variants that contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer have been identified by a major international.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to genetics: Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
See our latest analysis for NewLink Genetics Many institutions measure their performance against an index that approximates the local market. So they usually pay more attention to companies that are.
A good geneticist is going to need to know at least some biochem, mol bio, etc., so if your school of choice doesn't offer a genetics major (a lot.
The ENIGMA Network brings together researchers in imaging genomics to understand brain structure, function, and disease, based on brain imaging and genetic data.
May 31, 2019 · The Department Of Molecular Genetics Holds A Leadership Position In Canada And Internationally. It Is A Premier Venue For Biomedical And Life Sciences Research And Education At The Undergraduate, Graduate And Postdoctoral Levels.


You should add to this list to look for Data Validation entries. This has caught me out a few times.
Thanks! Could not figure out why a ink error kept appearing every time the file was opened. #3 helped me track it down!
This is great info! Thanks so much! i spend a full day trying to figure out which cell was linked but i couldn't! It was the name manager! you are great!
Count me in as thanking you for a solution. But what I don't understand is why this started happening out of the blue. Never had the problem before, not doing anything different. oh well. THANKS!
Thank you for the post. I had to go a little further to sort out my external dependency problem. By using Name Manager I found two tables (Table1 and Table2) which had their definition greyed out and also delete button greyed out. Googling on "excel greyed out table" found instructions to convert a table to a range. After saving the workbook and re-opening the "Update Links" message was gone!
Thank you!!! I never thought to look at the name manager and have been confounded for months as to where these "external links" were coming from.
NONE of the above worked for me (Excel 2016 Mac)... however, I finally found the solution. It was because of defined names... and some of those had been copied from another spreadsheet. I found the 4 offending links by "Data->DataValidation->Circling Invalid Data". I then copied up the unaffected rows over the offending rows and that cured the problem!
If you have hidden tabs. Unhide them and then check Name Manager. Names on hidden tabs will not show in Name Manager.
Omg, thanks for your help!! I read so much about looking for links, but first time I heard about name manager and removed all and it worked! thanks!
Thank you soooo much, those hidden links were like ghosts that kept slowing me down... finally they are gone!
Thanks for a solution to a maddening problem that could not be solved using Microsoft's own documentation!
Hello I am at a complete loss at to how to remove a link. I have checked Ctrl F, data validation, conditionals formatting and Name Manager but cannot find anything. Any suggestions.
Thanks for this. The post and the comment thread led me to look into data validation formulas and that's where I found that bloody external link that I had be searching for months.


From the developer: "Mk-1 Licensor creates a unique License Key for each computer on which the software is installed. The License Key generated by the Mk-1 Licensor is tied to the computer on which software is installed. This will reduce software piracy and copyright infringement of software, if not eradicate it completely. It allows software makers to not only decrease or eradicate software piracy but also helps them provide better customer service through better customer relationship management."


STS6312 The Political Economy of Technoscience.
Financialization, Sustainability Transitions, & the Bio-economy in Canada & Sweden: research focusing on the financing of bio-refineries in Canada and Sweden – the fieldwork sites – as an attempt to understand potential techno-economic barriers to the development of the bio-economy (which is an economy in which plant materials are used as substitutes for fossil fuels). The aim is to examine the implications of financialization to socio-technical and sustainability transitions.
Restructuring the Asset Boundary of Research & Innovation: research focusing on the implications of changes to the System of National Accounts in 2008 for (technoscientific) research and innovation, especially as this relates to the assetization of science. Would be ideal for a potential STS graduate student with some background in accounting or similar.
Re-imaging Global Governance: research on the rise and role of 'global studies' programs in contemporary global capitalism (e.g. Munk School, Schwarzman College, & many others). They raise a lot of questions about their social, political, and economic role (e.g. reproducing elites, especially global ones)? Who do they attract? And why? How do they position themselves in processes of knowledge production (i.e. research) and reproduction (i.e. graduate education)? Etc. Would be ideal for potential geography or sociology graduate student interested in elites and knowledge reproduction.
Affective Economies & Emerging Forms of Rentiership in Social Media Platforms: research on the political economy of "let's play" community, drawing on concepts from autonomist Marxism (e.g. cognitive capitalism, immaterial labour, etc.). Would be ideal for potential STS or sociology graduate students interested in new forms of value creation and techno-social relations.


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text:
A monkey in a wood somehow got a looking-glass, and went about showing it to the animals around him. The bear looked into it and said he was very sorry he had such an ugly face. The wolf said he would fain have the face of a stag, with its beautiful horns. So every beast felt sad that it had not the face of some other in the wood.
The monkey then took it to an owl that had witnessed the whole scene. "No," said the owl, "I would not look into it, for I am sure, in this case as in many others, knowledge is but a source of pain."
"You are quite right," said the beasts, and broke the glass to pieces, exclaiming, "Ignorance is bliss!"
Table of Contents | Index | Home | Previous: Tinsel and Lightning | Next: The Fawn and the Little Tiger


text:
Home › Dominion Express Company of Canada Send your Xmas & New Year parcels (Train) - Framed Picture - 11" x 14"
PosterCo Ltd
Dominion Express Company of Canada Send your Xmas & New Year parcels (Train) - Framed Picture - 11" x 14"
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881. The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001.
Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately 12,500 mi of track all across Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and New York City in the United States.
The railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885, fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871.
It was Canada's first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast.
Primarily a freight railway, the CPR was for decades the only practical means of long-distance passenger transport in most regions of Canada, and was instrumental in the settlement and development of Western Canada.
The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada.
"Sultan" with her vast center drive wheel - Steam Train - Framed Picture - 11"H x 14"W
0-6-0 Saddle Tanker - Steam Train - Framed Picture - 11"H x 14"W
0-6-0 Train Engine - Framed Picture - 11"H x 14"W
01 1100 steam locomotive (Train) - Framed Picture - 11" x 14"
Play like Wes Montgomery
Instead of using a guitar pick, Montgomery plucked the strings with the fleshy part of his thumb, using downstrokes for single notes and a combination of upstrokes and downstrokes for...
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text:
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The Council of Europe uses the observations from Plataforma per la Llengua to denounce discrimination against Catalan in Spain
The entity positively values the report published by the Council of Europe, which assesses Spain's degree of compliance with the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
European experts confirm that Spain continues to violate the rights of Catalan speakers and warn that the pandemic cannot be used as an excuse to impose the Spanish language
The report also points the finger at the multilingual model of the Valencian law on educational multilingualism, and argues for a model of language immersion
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty, promoted by the Council of Europe since 1992, which aims to protect the historical European languages that are minority languages in the States where they are spoken. Despite its ratification in 2001, the Spanish State has failed to comply with several of the linguistic commitments in the Charter, as indicated by the evaluation reports drawn up periodically by the Council of Europe's ECRML Committee of Experts.
In its last report, the Council of Europe's Committee of Experts - which monitors compliance with the Charter - drew on the evaluations and data provided by Plataforma per la Llengua, which submitted its own evaluation report on Spain's non-compliance with the ECRML.
For example, as the Catalan NGO's report points out, the European Committee criticises the fact that it's not compulsory to be fluent in the language of the territory to access to public service positions, as this knowledge is considered to be merely a 'merit' to be taken into account. They also highlight another surprising fact: a knowledge of certain foreign languages, such as English, French or German, scores higher in the evaluation of applications for certain public jobs than a knowledge of the official languages. In this area, the report concludes that Spanish legislation is unable to guarantee that public workers are competent in languages other than Spanish. The Plataforma per la Llengua has repeatedly criticised the fact that, without a mechanism for training civil servants in Catalan, there can be no guarantee that Catalan speakers can be attended in their own language.
In its report, Plataforma per la Llengua also alerted the European Committee to the fact that digitisation is having a pejorative effect on the provision of citizen services in Catalan. In this sense, the Council of Europe's assessment explains that the growing shift towards online services discourages the recruitment of workers competent in the territory's own language. As a result, the Committee of Experts states that speakers of other official languages now have even less access to public services than Spanish speakers than they previously had through face-to-face appointments. With this statement, the Charter experts are clearly indicating that, in Spain, some speakers have more rights than others.
The report also criticises the Spanish state for the under-representation l of co-official languages on state websites and warns that Article 10 of the ECRML is not being respected. In this case, the document directly cites the results of a study by Plataforma per la Llengua, which indicates that out of 389 websites observed, only 5 have been fully translated into Catalan, 270 have no Catalan elements and the rest are only partially translated. As the study explains, European experts warn that these translations often contain errors and, as a result, many citizens end up choosing to fill in the Spanish version of the forms available on these websites.
The Council of Europe once again recommends that Spain should amend its Judiciary Act to guarantee the use of Catalan in court proceedings if one of the parties requests it, an option that is currently not guaranteed, despite the legal provisions of the Charter. The decision is left to the judges - and they often ignore the requests to conduct proceedings in Catalan. Although this recommendation has been issued on numerous occasions , no Spanish legislative body has insisted on its compliance, as criticised by Plataforma per la Llengua in the report sent to the European Committee of Experts. The Council of Europe document points out that due to this legal deficit, the use of these languages in court is extremely low compared to the percentage of the population that speaks them.
The Council of Europe also criticises some of the regional governments
The evaluation document is not only aimed at the Spanish government and the central state administration. The Committee also issued harsh criticisms of the Government of the Valencian Country. As they pointed out in their previous report, those responsible for monitoring the Charter consider that the multilingual model promoted by the Valencian educational law is not in line with the Charter and, once again, they recommend a model based on linguistic immersion in public education to guarantee the rights of all Valencians.
Apart from the territories that have Catalan as an official language, the Council of Europe's experts also regret the fact that Murcia did not take advantage of its recent statutory reform to include Catalan. In the same vein, they ask that the institutions act "immediately" to ensure that Aragon's Statute of Autonomy recognises Catalan, as they had previously called for in the last evaluation report. Indeed, the commission insists that the extraordinary measures applied as a result of the pandemic cannot be used as an excuse to deny the rights of speakers of local languages. They also emphasise this point when referring to education, warning that online classes may result in disadvantages as there is considerably more audiovisual material available in Spanish. Furthermore, the Council of Europe recommends that all the information provided in relation to Covid-19 should be available in the different languages of the State.
Report: Application of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Spain


text:
Lubick, George M.
Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY)
Petrified Forest National Park: A Wilderness Bound in Time
by George M. Lubick
eISBN: 978-0-8165-3672-6 | Cloth: 978-0-8165-1604-9 | Paper: 978-0-8165-1629-2
Library of Congress Classification QE991.L84 1996
Yellowstone, Yosemite, the Grand Canyon—a few American national parks enjoy amusement-park status, eclipsing many other beautiful and significant parks due to their heavy political support and spectacular sights. Visitors to Petrified Forest National Park in northeastern Arizona can escape from the litter, snack bars, and crowds of the recreational parks to a 200-million-year-old ecosystem locked in stone. Enhanced by the unrivaled, colorful beauty of the adjacent Painted Desert, Petrified Forest National Park has captivated visitors since the area was discovered by early explorers. The history of the huge fossilized forest parallels that of Arizona. It was discovered and looted by adventurers and largely ignored by the government until President Theodore Roosevelt made it a national monument in 1906. The forest's location along Route 66 brought a large number of visitors during the time it enjoyed only monument status, but lack of funding for protection allowed much damage and theft of fossilized wood.
Petrified Forest National Park: A Wilderness Bound in Time speeds the reader on an ancient ecological journey, from the time of dinosaurs to the discovery of their Triassic fossils and on through a century of political maneuvering to create a place for the forest in American history. George Lubick describes how a dedicated few understood the environmental importance as well as the unique beauty of the park's Triassic Chinle Formation and the Painted Desert. Nearly a million people "visit the Triassic" annually; this environmental history of the ancient forest is important for those who know the park as well as those interested in natural America. Petrified Forest National Park is one of the few complete histories of any national park, a well-told, balanced treatment of the environmental, political, and historical factors that shape America's natural history.
George M. Lubick is chair of the Department of History and an associate professor at Northern Arizona University.
1. Chinle Times
2. "Quite a Forest of Petrified Trees"
3. Petrified Forest National Monument
4. Scientists and the Petrified Forest in the Early Twentieth Century
5. Custodians and Proprietors
6. The Ideal National Monument
7. After the War: Mission 66 to National Park and Beyond
8. Recent Science at the Petrified Forest
Epilogue: The Future of the Past
See other books on: Arizona | Lubick, George M. | Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY) | Time | Trees
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text:
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Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, New Delhi.
Central Council for Research in Siddha(CCRS), Chennai.
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM), New Delhi.
Siddha Central Research Institute (SCRI), Arumbakkam, Chennai - 600 106.
Commissionerate of Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy, Chennai - 600 106.
The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Chennai - 600 032.