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You are here: Home Vincent Foster Death Medical Terms & Keyed Notes Annotating The Associated Anatomical Diagram, Re: Vincent W. Foster Autopsy Data
Medical Terms & Keyed Notes Annotating The Associated Anatomical Diagram, Re: Vincent W. Foster Autopsy Data
© Hugh Sprunt, March 1999; All Rights Reserved
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Definitions Used
Source: Webster's Medical Desk Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, 1986; 790 pages)
Pharynx: The part of the alimentary canal situated between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus and in man being a musculomembranous tube about four and a half inches long that is continuous above with the mouth and nasal passages, communicates through the eustachian tubes with the ears, and extends downward past the opening into the larynx to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage where it is continuous with the esophagus.
Posterior: Situated behind: as a: situated at or toward the hinder end of the body : Caudal. b: Dorsal – used of human anatomy in which the upright posture makes dorsal and caudal identical.
Nasopharynx: The upper part of the pharynx continuous with the nasal passages. [Separately, a medical text states, "The nasopharynx lies superior to the soft palate and opens into each nasal cavity through the right and left posterior nasal apertures."]
Oropharynx: The part of the pharynx that is below the soft palate and above the epiglottis and is continuous with the mouth. [A medical text: "The oropharynx is situated inferior to the soft palate and posterior to the root of the tongue. . . The oropharynx reaches from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis. . . Posteriorly, it is level with the second cervical vertebral body and the upper part of the third."]
Laryngopharynx: The lower part of the pharynx lying behind or adjacent to the larynx.
Soft Palate: The membranous and muscular fold suspended from the posterior margin of the hard palate and partially separating the mouth cavity from the pharynx.
Hard Palate: The bony anterior part of the palate forming the roof of the mouth.
Uvula: The pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate.
Defect: A lack or deficiency of something necessary for adequacy in form or function <a hearing defect >.
Numbered Points on the Anatomical Diagram
[In an effort to communicate clearly and unambiguously and to avoid misunderstanding, the keyed notes below were intentionally written in a somewhat redundant manner.]
Point 1 This point is the location of the first "entrance wound" per the Foster autopsy report and was located on the anatomical diagram in three corroborating ways.
First, the autopsy doctor reported that the first "entrance wound" was located in the "posterior oropharynx," which is where Point 1 is located (in the middle of the vertical range of the posterior oropharynx).
Second, the autopsy doctor also reported that the first "entrance wound" was located 7.5" vertically downward from the crown of Foster's head, which distance lies only 2.5 mm vertically below Point 1 (scaled to the size of the hard copy of the anatomical diagram).
According to my calculations, the original color anatomical diagram represents a head whose linear dimensions are ~50% - the actual percent came out to be 50.4% - of the linear dimensions of Foster's head; the 2.5 mm distance on the diagram is therefore the equivalent of about one-fifth inch on Foster's head.
Third, I measured the location of Point 1 (a 7.5" vertical drop from the top of Foster's head) on an actual human skull that I borrowed from a doctor friend (the measurements on this skull being properly scaled to Foster's head and allowing about one fifth inch when measuring downward on the borrowed skull for the lack of hair and scalp on the borrowed skull – about one fourth inch on Foster's head – that was, of course present when the autopsy doctor made his measurement).
I not only ended up with a point located in the posterior oropharynx, but a point almost in the middle of the vertical range of the oropharynx (actually, 2.5 mm below the midpoint at the scale of the anatomical diagram).
To be conservative, Point 1 is located in the exact middle of the vertical range of the oropharynx (as nearly as I could measure it) rather than at the location, 2.5 mm below, of my "best estimate" based on the "7.5 inch" measurement by the autopsy doctor.
The line (I used a small bamboo skewer) joining the opening between the upper and lower two front (closed) teeth pairs on the skull and the point 7.5" (scaled to the size of my borrowed skull which was a fraction of a percent more than 80% of the linear dimensions of Foster's head) vertically below the crown of Foster's head dropped very slightly – a sixth of an inch or so, about 4 mm – from the opening between the teeth to the 7.5" point (6.0" on the borrowed skull; 7.5" X 0.80 = 6.0").
This result (the slight downward tilt from front to back) would have been some justification for placing Point (1) on the diagram about a fifth inch lower on Foster's posterior oropharynx (a tenth of an inch on the diagram itself or about 2.5 mm), but I did not do so because I wanted to be conservative – even though the autopsy doctor's 7.5" measurement would (and did) produce a point that low, I didn't push it, in part because his phrase "posterior oropharynx" was not qualified by an adjective like "upper" or "lower" or "middle."
The distance between Point 1 and Point 8 on Foster's head is 7.5". Strict calculation (50.4% X 7.5") would make this distance ~3.8" on my hard copy of the diagram. The actual distance on my hard copy of the diagram is 3.7" – again, part of my effort to locate Point 1 in a "conservative" manner (one-tenth in on the diagram being 2.5 mm).
That is, Point 1 is located in the posterior oropharynx on my copy of the anatomical diagram about 2.5 mm higher than it should be. As indicated, I thought this was the conservative approach and I saw a benefit in being able to say that Point 1 was located at the midpoint of the vertical range of the oropharynx (based on the definition I use which is given above).
Point 2 This point is located on a horizontal line passing through Point 1. Since Point 1 is ~7.5" (on Foster's head) vertically below the top of Foster's head, that means that Point 2 is also ~7.5" below the top of Foster's head. This places it on the neck in the position shown.
Although the cervical vertebra and the Atlas are not shown on this diagram, I believe that this location corresponds to a point on the neck just to the rear of the second cervical vertebra and the upper part of the third (see the definition of oropharynx above).
Note: while the position of Point 1 is "fixed" on the diagram (See above), Point 2's location is an estimate based on the assumption that the bullet that left the barrel and produced the first "entrance wound" (autopsy doctor's language) in the "posterior oropharynx" was traveling horizontally.
Thus, Point 2 could be somewhat higher or lower than shown. It would, of course, be about one-tenth of an inch lower – on the anatomical diagram – if a horizontal line were drawn through the location of my measured "best estimate" for the entrance wound (2.5 mm on the diagram below Point 1).
However, as I think can be seen from the diagram as amplified by these notes, Point 2 and Point 3 (which are the "same" point officially – namely at the Point 3 location) are, relatively speaking, a long way apart on Foster's head.
Presumably, though, if the observation made at the funeral home is correct (see my piece "Gross Anatomy"), the location of Point 2 on the neck should correspond to the base of the hairline on Foster's head and, should be in the "neck" as shown (as opposed to the "head"), that is, if you give credence to the language in the Narrative Summary of the Medical Examiner's field report from his examination of body at Fort Marcy Park the evening of the death since the (unaltered) Narrative Summary states that the wound was "mouth to neck" not "mouth to head."
Point 3 This is the location of the exit wound specified by the autopsy doctor in that it is 3.0" below the top of Foster's head.
This converts to a distance of 1.51 inches on my hard copy of the autopsy diagram 3.0 X 50.4%) as shown (Line 3-9). Presumably, this is the distance to roughly the center of what the autopsy doctor described as a 1" by 1.25" exit wound.
Point 4 As a cross-check on the location of Point 3, I measured the distance from the top of Foster's head on the autopsy diagram to a horizontal line joining the tops of the ears of the figures on the autopsy diagram (Body Diagram - Head).
As you can see from the autopsy diagram, the exit wound lies just above a horizontal line joining the tops of the ears. If the anatomical diagram on which I placed my lines and points is consistent with the Body Diagram - Head of the autopsy report, then the equivalent point on the anatomical diagram should fall slightly below the center of the exit wound on the anatomical diagram.
I "scaled" the two heads (the anatomical diagram with my lines and points and the Body Diagram - Head in the autopsy report) so that I could plot the equivalent point on the anatomical diagram. As you can see, it falls just below Point 3 (as it should). This makes me more confident that the location of Point 3 on the anatomical diagram is correct.
Point 5 This point was determined in the following manner. I measured the distance on my own head (using a compass and being careful with the point) from the midpoint at the base of my nostrils to the top of my upper lip (mouth closed). I made the equivalent measurement on the anatomical diagram.
I then measured the distance between the same two points on my head, but with my jaw as wide as I could open it by straining. I then solved for the length of he equivalent distance (jaw wide open) for the head in the anatomical diagram and got Point 10.
The reason I did this is that some folks have said, hey, you will get good line-up with the line of the gun barrel, the posterior oropharynx, the rest of the official wound track and the location of the official 1" by 1.25" exit wound on the back of the head if Foster's mouth had been as wide open as possible and the gun laid flat against the lower jaw and tongue and fired at this upward angle.
We do not, however, get good alignment when we look at Line 10-3. This is because Point 5 lies along Line 10-3 and Point 5 is located in the posterior nasopharynx, not the posterior oropharynx as the autopsy doctor stated. This distance between Points 1 and 5 on a head the size of Foster's is 0.9" and Point 5 is materially above the border (using the definitions above) between the oropharynx and the nasopharynx.
Even if we believe that the autopsy doctor "really meant" nasopharynx when he wrote/typed "oropharynx" (twice) and that when he wrote/typed 7.5" (twice) he "really meant," say, 6.0", the location of Point 5 does not square with what he wrote. However, we need to account for the vertical extent of the barrel of the gun, which brings us to Point 6.
Point 6 This point well up on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx was located by allowing (in the vicinity of the uvula of the soft palate – the end of the barrel must have been somewhere near that location officially) for the effect of the diameter of the barrel of the official death weapon, an Army Colt Special .38 Revolver with a 4" long barrel.
That is, Line 7-6-3 is the "same" as Line 10-5-3 (jaw in each case as wide open as possible) but making an allowance for the diameter of the gun barrel at the assumed point for the end of the gun barrel (roughly 3.5" of the 4" gun barrel in the mouth) which takes us (for the purposes of this demonstration only) to the vicinity of the uvula. Lines 10-5-3 and 7-6-3 are not parallel only because I thought it appropriate to allow for the diameter of the gun barrel in the mouth at the end of the gun barrel.
The result, if we are assuming that Foster's mouth is as open as can be and the gun is laid along the tongue and if we allow for the diameter of the gun barrel, Line 7-6-3, like Line 10-5-3 (only more so) does not "line-up" in two senses:
A) The first "entrance wound" in each case is not in the "posterior oropharynx" as the autopsy doctor wrote; instead it is well into (especially when we allow for the barrel diameter) the nasopharynx, and
B) the measured distance from the top of the head is not the 7.5" given us by the autopsy doctor, but 6.4" in the case of Point 5 and 5.9-6.0" for the more realistically located (allowance for gun barrel diameter) Point 6.
Point 7 See the description of the location of Point 6 which explains the location of Point 7 on the anatomical diagram.
Point 8 This is the location of the "top" or "crown" of Foster's head for the purposes of measuring the 7.5" vertical drop on Foster's head as written by the autopsy doctor. Although perhaps it is not clear on the anatomical diagram (it shows up on my color copy, but not on a black and white photocopy of my color copy), it appears to me that the anatomical diagram (unlike my borrowed skull where I did decrease the 7.5" measurement to allow for the thickness of Foster's scalp and hair; see above) shows some thickness above the upper bone of the skull for scalp/hair (just as it shows the flesh of the lips, etc.).
So, when measuring the 7.5" drop in the report of the autopsy doctor for purposes of putting Point 1 on the anatomical diagram, I did not decrease the 7.5" measurement for the thickness of hair and scalp (though, of course, I did "scale" the distance onto my hard copy of the anatomical diagram by the 50.4% factor discussed above).
Point 9 Same "altitude" as Point 8, but drawn vertically over the rear of the head of the anatomical diagram to allow the 3.0" vertical drop to the 1" by 1.25" exit wound described by the autopsy doctor.
Point 10 The location of the top of the upper lip of the anatomical diagram if the anatomical diagram's jaw is opened as much as possible. See above under the discussion of Point 5 for how this point was located on the anatomical diagram.
In closing these Keyed Notes, we finally reach the "buried lead." Line 1-4 shows the trajectory of the bullet (that is, no additional adjustment needed for the diameter of the gun barrel) using the location the autopsy doctor described for the first "entrance wound" ("posterior oropharynx, 7.5" below the top of Foster's head) and the "exit wound" (3.0" vertical drop from the top of Foster's head along the vertical mid-line of the head).
Assuming the bullet was not deflected materially between the time it was fired and the time it exited the skull (and there is no indication in the autopsy report that the wound track had to be "bent," by bullet deflection or otherwise, in order for the "good alignment" to exist, as the autopsy doctor described the alignment to the Starr OIC) the line of the barrel of the gun would have had to have been along Line 1-3.
The problem? There are at least two.
As you can tell from the discussion of the locations of Line 10-5-3 and Line 7-6-3, the barrel of the gun must have laid along the "southwestern" extension of Line 1-4.
However, as we have seen above, Foster's jaw (whether he opened it or someone opened it for him after he was dead) could not have been physically open enough to accommodate the Line 1-3 trajectory for the bullet without dislocating his jaw well before the jaw was sufficiently opened.
Furthermore, the line that connects Point 1 and Point 3 does not even show the gun barrel as being inside Foster's mouth when the shot was fired
It is my hypothesis that the autopsy report is internally inconsistent at least to this extent (that is, there may be other internal inconsistencies as well).
As I have said in other places, this particular inconsistency, to my mind, would be reconciled (would vanish) provided you believe that when the autopsy doctor wrote/typed (twice) "posterior oropharynx" he really meant to write/type (twice) "posterior nasopharynx" AND when he wrote/typed (twice) "7.5 inches," he really meant to write/type (twice) "6.0 inches."
In particular, those who believe that Line 7-6-3 approximates the wound track that the autopsy doctor really meant to describe (namely those who ignore the fact that he placed the first "entrance wound" in the "posterior oropharynx" and focus on the "defect" that he, in effect, said fragmented some of the soft palate – referring, I believe, to the portion of the soft palate that is the uvula) must ask themselves why Point 6 is in the posterior nasopharynx and ask themselves why the autopsy doctor wrote 7.5" when he meant to write 6.0".
I am not prepared at this point to make that concession, especially in light of related points mentioned in my piece, "Gross Anatomy," such as the "mouth to neck" language of the Narrative Summary of the Medical Examiner's field report, the witness at the funeral home who stated (apparently in all innocence) that there was an exit wound in the back of Foster's neck at the base of his hairline, etc., etc.
Notes on Methodology
I have referred to the borrowed human skull I used as being, within less than a percent of error, 80% (in each dimension) of the size of Foster's head. How the heck did I figure that out? I made an assumption that I thought was reasonable.
I got "from" Foster's head "to" my borrowed skull via an intermediate step: using my own head. I thought it was reasonable to approximate the size of Foster's head by scaling upward from my own head. The ratio I used was the ratio of our heights (6" 4.5" for Foster and, standing tall, 5' 11" for me).
This is obviously an approximation, but based on looking at photos of Foster and me (comparing the head to the rest of the body), I believe that scaling the heads using our heights was reasonable.
That is, I think that Foster and I are both more or less "big headed" people (for our respective heights) and that, in particular he is not a "small headed" person and I am not a "big headed" person (no snickering, please). In short, I assumed out heads were reasonably geometrically similar in shape and cross section except that Foster's head was bigger in proportion to the ratio of our heights.
Once I "scaled" Foster's head to my head, I then used various dimensions on my head and the equivalent dimensions on my skull to determine a series of ratios.
All those ratios were very close to each other, giving me confidence that the method to get from "my head" to "my borrowed skull" was a reasonable one. All these very similar amounts, when averaged, came out to a fraction of a percent over 80%.
I am sure the method I described above introduced some errors, but I believe they were very modest, especially when compared to the modest errors introduced by the autopsy measurements themselves.
That is, even if you believe that the autopsy doctor measured to the nearest one-eighth inch in making all his measurements (because, say, he recorded one dimension of the exit wound to the nearest one-quarter inch, and that precision should be controlling rather than rather than his measurements of distances between two different parts of the body (rather than across an exit wound) which he reported to the half-inch, the estimating errors I introduced would be relatively small.
I also made all measurements to the nearest millimeter (on the anatomical diagram, one the skull, on the autopsy's Body Diagram - Head, etc.) except for a very few measurements (on my head and on the borrowed skull) which I measured to the nearest sixteenth of an inch (using a flexible measuring tape used for sewing).
An example of a measurement (and I repeated each measurement three or four times to get an average and to check on reproducibility) made with the sewing tape was the measurement of the distance around my head and around my borrowed skull in the nearly horizontal plane that included the furthest rearward extension of my head (the occipital protuberance) and the very top of my nose just below the eyebrows.
Subsequent Independent Corroboration of Wound Location
The point on the accompanying anatomical diagram that plots the location thereon of my "best estimate" of the point on the posterior oropharynx 7.5" below the top of Foster's head (3.8" on the hard copy of the accompanying anatomical diagram) – namely the point on the diagram that is 2.5 mm vertically below Point 1 (see discussion above) – was subsequently independently corroborated by J. C. Huntington.
J. C. Huntington "scaled" a face-front photo of Vince Foster and located the "7.5 inch point" by using the FBI Lab Report in the official record (Tab 1 of the Fiske Report, dated May 9, 1994, at Page 12). Information in that report indicated that the distance between the pupils of Foster's eyes (based on the 71 and 73 mm PDs from two pair of Foster's prescription eyeglasses) was approximately 72 mm.
Mr. Huntington's work is at his website.
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. is a CPA and Attorney in Dublin, California. Investigating the Foster case has been an avocation of his since the July 20, 1993, death. His ~380-page report on the death is available for just the cost of copying and shipping from various print shops around the US (Try 301-937-6500).
He serves on the legal team of Foster federal grand jury witness Patrick Knowlton (Attorney-of-Record, John H. Clarke, Washington DC, 202-332-3030). Mr. Sprunt also has been a guest on some 200 radio and television programs concerning the Foster death, including appearances on CBN, A&E, MSNBC, C-SPAN, and NET (now America's Voice). His work has been utilized by the authors of two books on the Foster death published in late 1997, Chris Ruddy's The Strange Death of Vincent Foster and Ambrose Evans-Pritchard's The Secret Life of Bill Clinton.
Mr. Sprunt was interviewed at length in 1996 by the Starr OIC in Washington. His Foster work also put him on the cover of The New York Times Magazine's February 23, 1997 issue.


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By: Negociants Int'L Pty. Ltd.


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Dr. Danielle Ofri on Why Would Anyone Choose to Become a Doctor?
Identifying and Managing Stress
When physicians are faced with the anguish and turmoil from a medical mistake or the devastation of faced with any legal action, they may have questioned to themselves and those closest to them, why would anyone choose to become a doctor? Dr. Danielle Ofri has prepared an article, published in the New York Times, which handles this very topic.
You hear it all the time from doctors — they would never choose medicine if they had it to do all over again...
When I first started in practice, I found such comments both perplexing and annoying. I loved medicine and was excited to come to work every day. I considered those naysayers jaded has-beens, fusty old-timers pining away for the nonexistent "days of the giants."
However, as the years have passed, the warts of medicine have grown more conspicuous to me. During some of the more stressful days — crushed by impossible time constraints and ever more onerous bureaucratic demands — I can't deny that the thought of giving up clinical practice has crossed my mind. Life would be so much easier….
Yet, each year, a new wave of enthusiastic medical students floods our clinics and our wards. Part of me always wonders: Why do these students still choose to become doctors?
It certainly can't be the money — Wall Street is the faster and more reliable route to wealth, as evidenced by the skyrocketing of applications to M.B.A. programs.
Applications to medical schools, surprisingly, have held steady over all...
According to the American Association of Medical Colleges, about 40,000 students apply to medical school each year, with some 17,000 matriculating. (For comparison, there are about 45,000 students starting law school each year, and 100,000 starting business school.)
Incoming medical students, while steady in their numbers, have had a major shift in their demography. In 1970, medical students were nearly entirely white men. Now half are women, and a third are Asian, black or Hispanic.
I recently worked with a third-year student who'd just interviewed a patient with chest pain. The chest pain turned out to be nothing serious, just some acid reflux — a fairly ho-hum case in a medical clinic. But the student's eyes were ablaze with fervor. "This was such an exciting case," she said. "I had the chance to figure out whether or not the chest pain was life-threatening. And the patient was so happy when I reassured him that it wasn't."
The awe of discovering the human body. The honor of being trusted to give advice. The gratitude for helping someone through a difficult illness. These things never grow old.
But the frustrations of daily clinical life continue to mount...
(The first 400 words are included here…please click on the New York Times link to continue the article ) http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/21/why-would-anyone-choose-to-become-a-doctor/?_r=0
Dr. Ofri is Associate Professor of Medicine at New York University School of Medicine and Editor-in-Chief, Bellevue Literary Review. Dr. Ofri's writing can be found at www.danielleofri.com
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Jim Martin is in Macon this afternoon, canvassing neighborhoods with supporters including the likes of Congressman Jim Marshall, City Councilman Mike Cranford, City Councilman Rick Hutto and former commission chair, Tommy Olmstead. A large, diverse and enthusiastic group of supporters met Jim at 4 PM, and they are knocking on doors as we speak.
The group is distributing a flyer that details many of Jim's Middle Georgia endorsements and including among them is The Macon Telegraph. This is quite a surprise and a major coup for Jim. The paper originally endorsed Hecht in the Democratic Primary for Lt. Governor, but, apparently, tomorrow, the Telegraph, which has the third largest circulation in the State, will endorse Jim Martin in the runoff. I have lived in Macon for over 20 years, and it is rare for this newspaper to do an about-face on endorsements. Clearly, the Martin momentum in the mid-state continues to grow!


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Board index Clubhouse & Special Collections OH Basement Archive The Orthodox Herbertarian Jihad Byron Merritt
2003: Fed2K Website Interview
Moderators: SandRider, D Pope
SandRider
Judge of the Change
Location: on the worm
Post by SandRider » Fri Apr 30, 2010 10:26 pm
Fed2K // 2003
Byron Merritt interviewed by Dwight Steven Pavlovic
Do you believe living around such a creatively gifted family as yours has proven to be, has been an influence on your own writing skills and styles?
I hope so! I spent many summers with my grandfather (Frank Herbert) before he passed away. He often read stories that I'd written and had given me pointers on characterizations, plots and prose. I talk to Brian Herbert (my uncle) frequently, too. He always asks me what I'm working on and gives me ideas and support. So, yes, it has influenced me tremendously.
What were your first impressions of your grandfather, Frank Herbert's Dune novels when you first read them?
Mind blowing. It was unlike anything I'd ever read before. Reading Dune truly changed the way I looked at literature. I looked back at some of the previous novels I'd read and laughed at them after I'd finished reading Dune. It set the bar incredibly high for the science fiction genre (and the literary world in general). There are few novels that do this -- less than a dozen, I think -- and I'm proud to say that Dune is one of them.
What were your first impressions of your uncle, Brian Herbert's Dune prequels when you first read them?
I was so pleased about the first prequel (Dune: House Atreides) that I couldn't sleep the night before it was released! I read it in two days straight and loved it. Of course, it doesn't have the prose that Frank Herbert had, but that was to be expected. I've read all of the prequels and have enjoyed every one of them. Not as much as the original Dune (because Dune stands on a pedestal all its own), but they were fun reads.
What were your first opinions on the Dune Encyclopedia by Dr. McNelly? Though the Dune Encyclopedia could fit well in the original Dune series of novels, the prequels removed much of it's base in the Dune universe, what are your thoughts on this?
The Dune Encyclopedia was never meant to be the defining book on the Dune universe. It's a good reference book for Dune and Dune enthusiasts (and remains so to this day). When Brian and Kevin set out to write the prequels, they didn't want the influence of the Dune Encyclopedia looming over them, impeding their ideas. So they didn't let it. They wrote the stories that they wanted and got them out to the public. If the prequels removed some of the base of the Dune Encyclopedia, so what? These are fiction books! Not nonfiction. That's an important item to remember.
Did you perhaps have any contact with Dr. McNelly before or after the publication of the Dune Encyclopedia?
Do you hold confidence in the success of the new Butlerian Jihad series of novels and the possibility of a continuation of the original Dune series?
Most definitely. This new series has opened up Brian and Kevin's imaginations. In the first three prequels (The House series), they were constrained by what happens immediately after their stories ended -- that being the original Dune material by Frank Herbert. So they had to tread veeeery carefully. But with this new series, they've gone back nearly 10,000 years to a time that my grandfather only hinted about. They've got a lot of leeway to play around with (in fiction writing terms). I think that the SF fan-base will really enjoy this new series. And to prove that point, Dune: The Machine Crusade is poised to hike up the best-seller lists higher than any prequel Dune novel to date.
The new Butlerian Jihad and Dune Prequel novels have created two camps as most would suggest, one loving them while the other strongly dislikes them. Would you have originally anticipated such a divided reaction?
Yes I would. When people love something as much and as long as they've loved the Dune novels, it's not surprising that some of them would think that what Brian and Kevin are doing is tantamount to heresy. Those who dislike the prequel books have the option to not read them. And those that like them, can read them. It's pretty simple. Some might call that an overly-simplistic approach. But it's still true. What I WOULD like to say to those who think that the prequels are "evil" is that these new novels are introducing the next generation of readers to the original Dune novels. So all is not bad and wicked within the new Dune books (yes, I'm a 'my glass is half full' kinda guy).
What involvement, if any, have you had in the new Dune novels?
None. I talk to Brian often (we're actually pretty close for an uncle and nephew). He and Kevin are the minds behind the books. I don't put anything into them. What I have done is to support Brian and Kevin. Every year I've been out at their book signings, cheering them on and giving Brian the occasional ride from one signing to the next -- he's happy to ride with me since Kevin drives like a maniac!...
In a previous email with me, you suggested that you were advocating the creation of a series of young adult books set in the Dune universe, is this correct?
Many Dune ideas are being flung around. Most of them are currently that: just ideas. Brian and I talk about lots of things Dune related, and the Herbert Partnership is contemplating plenty of ideas. We'll have to see what comes to fruition, though.
Do you have any stance on the future of the Young Paul series of novels?
I've had only brief discussions with Brian about this, so I can't comment on them at this time.
Would you perhaps advocate the renewed production of Dune action figures and game boards?
I'm not sure I would. We (the family) don't want Dune to be another Star Wars-style monopoly. We want Dune to set new standards, not hash over old ones. But anything is possible. We look at each proposal carefully to see if it meets the standards for the Dune universe.
Have you had an opportunity to use any of the official Dune games for time enough to form an opinion on them? If so, would you perhaps advocate the construction of more such games?
I can't comment on these at this time.
What were your first impressions and later thoughts regarding the recent and past Dune film projects?
I've published a differentiation of the two Dune features (the theatrical release of Dune and the miniseries) at the scifidimensions.com website. You can view 'Dune vs. Dune' at: http://www.scifidimensions.com/May02/dunevsdune.htm. As far as the Children of Dune Miniseries goes, I was extremely pleased with the quality of the production and acting. The SciFi Channel did a superb job. I think it was even better than the two previous Dune films. It recently won an Emmy award, too.
How would you describe your position with Herbert Limited?
Prone. But seriously, I'm an active member in the partnership. It's a fun  and sometimes daunting task....
As an author and skilled writer yourself, has the desire or option to write or co-write a new Dune novel ever come to you?
The desire to do a Dune novel comes to me on occasion. Brian and I have discussed (only discussed) options for he and I to co-write some Dune items. We're kicking around some ideas and hopefully one will pop up for us. We don't want to force an idea out. We want it to be fresh and fun. So we're in no hurry to do so. I'm in no hurry, especially. I think that when (or if) the time comes for me to write something Dune related, that I'll take so much care it'll feel a bit painstaking. I have written and gotten published elsewhere. At www.zone-sf.com (http://www.zone-sf.com/frankherbert.html) and at scifidimensions.com (http://www.scifidimensions.com/May02/dunevsdune.htm) on the web. I've also been the featured author in Australia at Andromeda Spaceways Inflight Magazine in July ('Father Figure'). That story was voted best of the month via an internet poll. Although none of my fiction writing has been in the Dune universe, I do enjoy writing science fiction. Mainly humorous SF. 'Monte-Ray Gunn', a short story I wrote for an anthology book entitled 'Monterey Shorts', is an example of my intergalactic witticism. But Dune lurks in the recess of my mind still . . .
Return to "Byron Merritt"


Last week, I sat down with Ben Austin, the founder of Stop Start Do and the host of the Unleash Your Inner Genius Podcast!
We talk about the keys to mastering willpower, the best habits, and more!
Since the day he entered this world, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was surrounded by music.
His father, Leopold Mozart, was a musical instructor and filled the Mozart home with new students. This included Wolfgang's older sister, Maria Anna, who practiced the piano day and night.
Steve Wozniak could not believe his eyes as he looked at his computer screen. His keyboard actually worked! For the first time in history, someone typed a key and it showed up on a computer screen.
His heart was racing, his hands were sweaty and he knew this was going to be his one chance to impress the great Michael Jordan. He was not going to let this opportunity slip.
In 1959 Vince Lombardi finally got the chance he had worked all of his life for; to become the head coach of a National Football League (NFL) team.
The problem was that the team he was going to coach was the Green Bay Packers.
Thought a young Warren Buffet as he picked up a book that would change his life forever.
Until that point, Warren Buffet was far from what many would consider a future success.
He was a rebellious kid who hated what he considered pointless schoolwork and the fact that he had to move from Omaha to Washington DC when his father was elected to Congress.
It has been called the hardest competition on the planet.
The Insight Race Across America, also known as RAAM, is a 3,000-mile non-stop bike race from one end of the United States to the other – more than 36% longer than the Tour de France.
But as the cyclists did their final preparations for the 2004 race, their fear was not the pain they would face over the full week of biking. Their fear was of the seemingly inhuman winner of last year's race, Jure Robic.
In 2001, Joe DeSena, the founder of The Spartan Race, was in a car accident that ripped his hip out of his socket.
After his injury, the first 4 doctors he met with said that he would never be able to run again. This news devastated Joe. He was an athlete all of his life and could not imagine never running again.
So Joe refused to accept that fate. He decided that he was going to do everything he could to be able to run again. This made him hyperfocused. He was going to prove doctors wrong, and to prove that his will was unbreakable.
Her mother prayed for good news as she sent 3-year old Temple Grandin to a speech therapist.
Diagnosed with autism, Temple was thought to be incapable of learning language. In the 1950s, that meant she would be institutionalized all of her life unless she could show she was capable of entering school.
Her parents tried everything they could, and this speech therapist was their last resort.
Thankfully, against all odds, young Temple made progress. It was slow, but Temple was able to speak well enough to be enrolled in a normal school.
It was a simple a train ride from Manchester to London to most of the passengers on the train, but for one passenger, it would be the spark that would change the world of literature forever.
Joanne Rowling – better known as J.K. Rowling – was overcome with excitement as she saw a vision of a young, scrawny boy who the world would come to fall in love with.
When he was 12 years old, Kobe Bryant was about to give up basketball forever.
He just completed his summer basketball camp and was going home a disgrace. He thought it would be the beginning of a flawless journey to becoming the star NBA player that we all know today – especially because his father, Joe Bryant, played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 8 years before playing his final 6 years in Italy.
During those 6 years in Italy, the Bryant family fully embraced the culture. This included Kobe playing soccer for most of his youth and showing a lot of promise in the sport.


As a kind of follow up to the "Peek at the process" post I made last week, here are some images of the raw, pre-Photoshop versions of various sigils from the past year or so of the Sigil Daily project.
Some of these are unused versions or early drafts. If you like them, let me know and I'll post more from time to time.
"I will have a good mental health day" final draft.
Why is it red? After nearly two years, I ran out of charcoal and dark-toned conte crayons from a set I'd bought in 2012. As a result, many of this year's sigils were rendered with a red oil pastel, then darkened in Photoshop.
The final version of the "The Barista Will Flirt Back" sigil. This one was just for fun, and it was always going to have a coffee-cup theme, so it was really just a matter of creating a version with the right lines and proportions.
This is an earlier version of the Sigil Dail logo. The inner line looked weird, so I cut it.
"I will remember that platonic love is not the same as romantic love" draft. You can see the start of an earlier version above, which I abandoned because the shapes weren't quite right.
Ah … the glories of a cramped work space. Random 'zines and CDs (yeah, I know) on the left, the remnants of a late-evening coffee and a pesto and walnut pizza on the right. In the middle, some passable brush and ink stuff.


text:
What ever happened to "three strikes and 'yer' out!"
Somewhere along the line, that concept has apparently been expanded a bit…, to 100, and still counting!
Over 100!
Are you kidding me?!
How is a person who has been "arrested over 100 times" still seeing the light of day…, much less walking around free as a bird and harming other people?
And this guy looks way too young to have already been arrested over 100 times.
I wonder what the record for times being arrested is?
I'm almost, no, I am, afraid to ask.
I would think this guy has a real shot at it before he's through though…, whatever it is.
According to Reuven Fenton, Larry Celona and Craig McCarthy for The New York Post, "A career criminal with more than 100 arrests to his name was busted for cruelly shoving a 92-year-old woman into a Manhattan fire hydrant — leaving his victim too scared to walk alone in her own neighborhood."
"The injured elder, a Bronx native named Geraldine, spoke to The Post on Tuesday after cops arrested convicted sex offender Rashid Brimmage, 31, and charged him with attacking her."
https://youtu.be/6jfN1kXPiak
'"I thought a brick hit me or something hit me on the left side of my head, and I went right down and hit my head against the hydrant,' Geraldine, who asked that her last name be withheld for safety reasons, said of the attack. 'Blood was coming out, not spurting blood, but blood was dripping.'"
"Geraldine, who has lived in Manhattan for more than 50 years, was on her way to Duane Reade [a chain of pharmacy and convenience stores in New York City, owned by Walgreens] when Brimmage allegedly shoved her to the ground near Third Avenue and East 16th Street in Gramercy Park at about 3:30 p.m. on Friday."
"She slammed against the fire hydrant and lay on the ground until a passerby called 911 and medics rushed her to nearby Beth Israel Hospital."
"The former teacher, who never married but is dating an 89-year-old lawyer, said her physical wounds were relatively minor and have since healed — but the mental toll has been much more severe."
'"Mostly I'm shaken. My head still hurts where it was bleeding, where I hit the hydrant — or where he hit me, I don't know,' she said."
'"Mainly it's psychological — just the fear of going out on the street,' she added."
'"This damned guy put me in a state where I'm fearful to walk the streets alone. So, my super's trying to find somebody who will walk me to a park nearby or to the supermarket, that kind of thing. So that's the problem.'"
"Brimmage was busted by cops Tuesday and charged with assault after investigators recognized him from video footage of the attack, authorities said."
Oh, so, he was arrested…, again.
Why does this not make me feel much better?
"The frequent offender has now been arrested 103 times since 2005, sources said."
"The creep was convicted of sexual misconduct in 2012, then arrested for two sex offenses in 2014, police sources said."
"Creep?"
You better watch it, calling this guy a "creep."
Soon you'll have every liberal in New York taking offense at that language, and lecturing us all about what a fine, upstanding, young man this punk is.
"In May of that year, he was busted for exposing and fondling himself on an East Harlem street, the sources said."
"In 2017, he failed to notify authorities that he changed his address and had to register as a sex offender, state records show."
"At the time of Friday's attack, Brimmage had three open criminal cases in the city, according to court records."
"Three open criminal cases," huh?
I guess they don't start holding you in custody until you've been arrested over 150 times in New York City!
I can't believe I was actually considering visiting New York at one point in my life.
I would never step foot in The People's Republic of New York City now or in the future.
What a disgraceful excuse for an American city New York has become. I'm actually ashamed to have to claim it as part of the country I live in.
"He was arrested Feb. 17 for a misdemeanor assault and harassment charge for an incident that happened in The Bronx a week earlier, according to records. He was released without bail in the case."
No, of course, they don't want to hinder his attempt at the record!
"He was busted in the borough again March 5 and slapped with trespassing summons, according to court records."
"And most recently, he was arrested March 9 in Manhattan and hit with criminal possession of a controlled substance, assault and attempted assault charges."
And please consider that these 100+ arrests are only the times this guy was caught!
How many thousands of times has this poor excuse for a human being broken the law and didn't get arrested?
It's just mind-boggling.
It is my belief that the City of New York should be held criminally and financially responsible for anything these habitual criminals are allowed to perpetrate on the unsuspecting, law-abiding, citizens in the city.
New York City has passed the "reasonable" threshold, in this case, a long, long time ago.
Habitual criminals, like this scumbag, should not be allowed to continually prey on the civilized people who are forced to share the city with him.
If you're not already "following" me and you liked my blog(s) today, please "click" on the comment icon just to the right of the date at the bottom of this article. From there you can let me know if you "like" my blog, leave a comment or click the white "FOLLOW" button at the bottom of that page, which will keep you up to date on all of my latest posts.
We're all entitled to our opinions. I value yours and your feedback as well.
I'd love to hear from you!
crime, democrats, liberals, new york, new york city, politics, Uncategorized
andrew cuomo, arrested 100 times, bail reform, career criminals, crime, cuomo, delasio, democrats, liberals, new york, new york city, repeat offenders, woman shoved
Mr. Erickson will be off starting Thursday, June 18th and back blogging again on Tuesday, June 23rd.
Yes, Black lives matter, but apparently, to these thugs, White lives don't.
One thought on "What ever happened to "three strikes and 'yer' out!""
Pingback: Who are these people?!!! – Mr. Erickson Rules!


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Q: Turn event on and off with /command /on or /command off I want to make an PVPEventPlugin plugin and turn the events on and off , but I want to make /pvpevent on and /pvpevent off but I need to do this with args.
This is my code:
@Override
public boolean onCommand(CommandSender sender, Command command, String label, String[] args) {
    if(command.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("PVPEVENTon") {
        if(sender instanceof Player) {
            getServer().getPluginManager().registerEvents(this, this);
            for (Player player : Bukkit.getOnlinePlayers()) {
                player.sendMessage(ChatColor.GREEN + "PVP - Event Startet!");
            }
        }
    }
    if(command.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("PVPEVENToff")) {
        HandlerList.unregisterAll();
    }
    return true;
}

@EventHandler
public void onRespawnPVPEVENT(PlayerRespawnEvent pvpevent ) {
    Player p = pvpevent.getPlayer();
    double x = 48.69925614938256;
    double y = 7.0;
    double z = 47.4376551334051;
    Location loc = new Location(Bukkit.getWorld("world"), x, y, z);
    pvpevent.setRespawnLocation(loc);
    p.sendMessage("");

}

@EventHandler
public void sed(PlayerDeathEvent totevent) {
    Player p1 = totevent.getEntity();
    p1.sendMessage(ChatColor.GOLD + "[PvP Event] " + ChatColor.AQUA + "Du Bist Gestorben und somit raus");
}

A: Use the label (which is the command) and after that parse the arguments. Like the following:
@Override
public boolean onCommand(CommandSender sender, Command command, String label, String[] args) {
    if(!(sender instanceOf Player)) {
        sender.sendMessage("Only a player can use this command");
        return true;
    }
    Player player = (Player) sender;
    if(label.equalsIgnoreCase("pvpevent") {
        if(args.length == 0) {
            player.sendMessage("Use: /pvpevent on/off");
            return true;
        } else if(args.length == 1) {
            String mode = args[0];
            if(mode.equalsIgnoreCase("on") {
                Bukkit.getPluginManager().registerEvents(this, this);
                //what you want on /pvpevent on
                return true;
            } else if(mode.equalsIgnoreCase("off") {
                HandlerList.unregisterAll(this);
                //what you want to do if /pvpevent off is entered.
                return true;
            } else {
                //what is called when not off/on is entered after /pvpevent
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

So what we do here is checking if the arg length is 0 if it is 0 you send the actual usage. After that we check what the first argument after /pvpevent is.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lake Titicaca Facts
November 6, 2018 By gulliver
If you're about to embark on a trip to Lake Titicaca, it is wise to know its significance. As a leading Peru travel agency, Gulliver Expeditions knows an interesting fact or two about this majestic lake. Here are a few interesting facts about this unique lake that you should know before you embark on your travels:
Lake Titicaca – The Basics
Lake Titicaca is the largest freshwater lake in South America and the highest navigable lake. It covers 3,200 square miles (8,300 square km.) and extends northwest-to-southeast for a distance of 120 miles (190 km.). It measures 50 miles (80 km.) across at its widest point. The lake sits at 3,810 meters above sea level and is situated between Peru to the west and Bolivia to the east.
The meaning of the name Titicaca is uncertain, but it has been roughly translated as Rock of the Puma or Crag of Lead. There's plenty to see and do around Lake Titicaca, so be prepared for the trip of a lifetime.
The History of Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca boasts a rich cultural history that spans thousands of years. Incan mythology claims that the lake was the site where civilization first began. It was here that the first Inca king, Manco Capac, was born from the sun god. The gods later created a wife for him, and together they founded a tribe that would eventually grow into the Inca Empire, which dominated much of South America before the arrival of Europeans in colonial times.
More than 180 ruins and monuments remain in the area as testaments to the architectural prowess and cultural beliefs of the ancient groups of indigenous people that inhabited this region long ago.
Climate of Lake Titicaca
The climate of Lake Titicaca and the surrounding area of Puno are cold and dry all year-round. This is due to the remarkably high altitude. It's recommended to rest before traveling to Lake Titicaca, as many travelers experience mild symptoms of altitude sickness.
The average temperature of Lake Titicaca hovers around 45 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures can drop to as low as 30 degrees during the winter months. The maximum temperature here is around 60 degrees during the summer months of December and January. Precipitation is minimal throughout most of the year, but it has been known to rain or snow on occasion.
The Must-Sees of Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca is a magical place filled with endless cultural gems and beauty. Hitting everything is almost impossible, but here are a few tips to hit the must-sees of Lake Titicaca:
The small town of Copacabana, located on the southern shore, is the largest tourist town on the lake and is full of options for accommodations and restaurants. A ferry from Copacabana to the Isla del Sol is one of the most popular activities here.
The Islands of Lake Titicaca
When traveling to Lake Titicaca, you must check out the various islands of the lake. Residents of this area believe that the lake is home to an ancient Incan labyrinth, and an accompanying 206 "Inca Steps" that lead up a hill to a sacred fountain.
The Island of the Moon is home to traditional villages that sport Incan-influenced architecture and traditional artisan markets.
The "floating" Uros Islands are man-made reed islands that are home to descendants of the ancient Uros culture, which was contemporary to the Incas. Uros Islands, or the Floating Islands, are made out of reeds. The reeds grow naturally on the banks of Titicaca Lake and the Uros people use them by constantly adding reeds to the surface.
The nearby islands of Taquile and Amantani have additional ruins and traditional villages that are also worth the visit. Boat is the primary means of transportation here, although buses and taxis also take tourists in and around the towns of Puno and Copacabana.
Tour Lake Titicaca
Are you ready to explore Lake Titicaca?
Contact our Peru travel experts to start planning your adventure to Lake Titicaca!
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So Crete is not too far away but that does not mean that my hand luggage does not have to be thought through. Apart from the obvious travel documents, there are some bits and bobs that I simply cannot be separated with (even if I am 7.5 miles up in the air).
I cannot possibly be without a lip balm and this is my new summer favourite! When it comes to lip balms nothing quite compares with Carmex – I have been using it for years. They have recently come out with a load of new flavours and I was gifted the pineapple and mint in my Cosmopolitan Self Made goodie bag. Since then I have gone through another 2 tubes of these and I love it. It's the best flavour and super light and summery. It's a little thinner in consistency to other Carmex products so it is perfect for warmer weather and it is super moisturising and SPF 15. This will definitely be in my hand luggage.
This is not the first time this powder has been mentioned on my blog. You might remember it featured a few months back in my post on skin care and my go to products when it came to helping with breakouts and I still love this product! It is such a fresh, light powder that really helps even out my skin tone. Since getting it it has not left my bag and I often use it to touch up my make up throughout the day. It comes with a little mirror and an applicator so you literally just need the compact and you're good to go.
There are so many books that I want to read this summer but this one has really caught my eye and I think will make for great plane entertainment, not to mention chilling by the side of the pool! Recommended by Cosmopolitan, 'Everything I know about love' is a memoir from Dolly Alderton who is a former dating columnist for The Sunday Times. Alderton covers her life of relationships – the good, the bad and the ugly. It looks like a fab read with a really inspiring message about self love and being confident in your own skin – always an important message.
Straw bags have been making an appearance on the high street for a few months now and what better time to get on the trend then when you're heading off on holiday? I have done a bit of browsing and this Zara Straw Bag is my favourite! It's not the most affordable on the market but it's super cute and the perfect size to take you from the beach to the cocktail bars in the evening. I have also been using this at home as well so I will definitely get a lot of use out of it. If you're looking for something a little bigger or something that you can close, which is a slight downfall of this bag, Zara have loads of different styles so have a browse!
I have had a lot of problems trying to find an appropriate bikini to wear on a holiday with the in laws. Love Island has been giving me some serious swimwear envy and MissGuided have provided the goods when it comes to Love Island inspired costumes. Unfortunately finding high-waisted bottoms that are not going to be flashing my arse off to everyone I come into contact with has been a serious challenge. These mix and match sets, however, come in loads of different styles and really cute patterns. I've picked up this tropical set and the juicy orange set, which is such a gorgeous colour and is super in style at the moment. They also have a lovely pastel blue, white, red and loads others! I would definitely recommend taking a look.
Fancy getting your hands on one of these Love Island style bikinis (or anything from MissGuided at all) then use this link and you can save yourself £5 if you click referred by a friend!
After seeing Olivia Buckland's Instagram post of this gorgeous rose gold, sequinned kimono I knew I wanted one. I searched and managed to find her kimono on MissGuided. Slight problem… it's £200. Sadly I am not an Instagram/reality show sensation and so £200 for a kimono was a little steep. I did, however, find some cheaper alternatives and this one from Pretty Little Thing is about as close as you're going to get to Olivia's. It comes in at £30 so it's a hell of a lot cheaper. I actually ended up picking myself up this one from Pretty Little Thing. Even though it's not quite what I was looking for, it's super simply and easy to wear. Plus, at £20 I don't mind getting it messy on the beach!
When I'm on holiday I try to wear as little make up as possible, but I still like to get dolled up for nights out and fancy meals.
This is my go to contour palette. It comes with a matte contour, which is the perfect shade and super easy to blend. There is also a slightly glittery bronzer that I absolutely love when I have a bit of a tan. It is super natural but easy to build and gives your face a gorgeous glow. I also sometimes use this colour as an eye shadow if I am going for a warm, natural make up look. The middle powder is a highlight, which surprise surprise I also love! It gives you the most beautiful sheen without being glittery and rather than sitting on top of the skin almost blends to become part of it, giving the most naturally gorgeous glow. I use this palette every single day when I am home and I would not be without it on holiday. It is super sleek and so takes up hardly any room in your case and can create a variety of different beautiful looks.
It wouldn't be a holiday essentials post without a suncream and this one is my favourite. I am really pale and suffer terribly with heat rash but I also hate suncream. I always wear it, without a doubt, but I cannot stand the feel on my skin. This suncream on the other hand is the more refreshing mist, smells amazing and gives fantastic protection. It is super easy to apply and does not feel sticky or greasy at all (even on my face). It helps to control my heat rash and I have never been burnt using this. The only slight problem is that because it is a spray it does not last for ages so make sure you stock up on a few bottles because you will probably run out.
My hair always needs extra care when I go away. The mixture of heat, sweat and sea water does nothing for keeping my hair smooth and soft and so I always make sure I have a deep conditioner packed. American Cream from LUSH is great! It smells like a delicious strawberry milkshake and has honey water within it, which it super nourishing. I usually use this every other day on holiday and it really helps keep my hair in good condition. If you are looking for a lightweight, less moisturising conditioner than maybe go for Happy Happy Joy Joy over this or if your hair is super damaged, LUSH do a fab hot oil treatment I would recommend giving a go. LUSH have loads of different conditioners so check out their blog on 'How to choose the perfect hair conditioner' for your hair type. They can be a little expensive but they're so worth it!
So there you have it, some of my holiday essentials that I will be packing and taking to Crete with me! Where are you guys heading off to this year and what bits and bobs will definitely be in your case?
If you follow me on Instagram, you will know that recently I have been struggling with bad skin. I have never really struggled with spots, even as a teenager, and so this breakout of spots, pimples and black heads has been very unusual for me. I have not changed anything about my skin care or make up routine and I always make sure my pillows and towels are clean and fresh. I have, however, narrowed it down to two culprits – sweat and stress. I thought I would share with you guys to science behind sweat, stress and spots and some of the products I have been loving and have really helped me with my breakout.
2 weeks on my skin isn't quite back to normal but I think it is looking at lot better. I still have some spots but they are a lot less red and swollen. My skin does not feel half as sore as it did 2 weeks ago!
So let's get down to business. Here is the science behind what I think may have been causing my spots.
One of the reasons I may not have suffered with spots during my teenage years if because I never ever broke into a sweat. The closest thing I exercise I got was walking to the fridge and surprisingly this rarely caused much of a sweat. Don't get me wrong, I was a sweaty child. When I did do sports (reluctantly, of course) you would be forgiven for assuming I had just stepped out of the shower. I have always been quite sweaty (grim) so I just avoided all forms of physical activity at all cost. Unhealthy, overweight but my skin was a smooth as a baby's bum.
Now, however, it is a very different story. I train a lot and I have yet to grow out of my excessive sweating when I do so. The sweat itself isn't really the problem according to science. Sweating helps to regulates your body temperature and signals your body's ability to hydrate. It is full of water hydrates, minerals and salt, which naturally exfoliate the skin whilst the urea and uric acid can help with dry skin and dermatitis.It also helps to flush out any impurities and does wonders for your skins pH level.
However, (DISCLAIMER: this is about the get gross, please do not judge me) it is when the sweat is left on the skin for a prolonged period of time the problems can start. Yes, I know I should jump straight in the show after my gym class but sometimes (okay most of the time) this doesn't happen. I either run to my next class or do not have time to shower and then redo my makeup and hair before my important date with a coffee shop and revision. Basically, this means all the grime and make up and gross stuff is left just sitting on my skin. It then settles back into the skin causing spots, black heads and increasing the size of your pores.
Most concealers and foundations products are designed to be noncomedogenic (this is fancy talk for 'they don't clog pores') but when the sweat combined with these products your face becomes air-tight, preventing your pores from breathing. On top of all that, you will probably (definitely) touch your face at some point during your workout, or even wipe your sweat with a towel, which can both introduce dirt and bacteria. According to science, we should be washing our face fully both before and after a workout. This means people are going to see me without make up on… doesn't it?
It is probably going to come as no surprise that stress can cause spots. Stress presents itself differently for different people. I can't say as I particularly felt stressed during at all during my exam period, however, that does not mean that it was not manifesting itself as spots. So how does stress lead to spots? Well, stress-related hormones for example cortisol leads your sebaceous glands to produce more oil. More oil results in your skin being more prone to acne and generally more sensitive to the outside world. On top of all the sebum (lovely image…) the sebaceous glands are also immune organs, which pretty much means they can lead to unwanted swelling and redness.
All in all, stress is not great for your skin. This was not quite as simple to deal with as 'stop being gross and wash your face'. Unfortunately I could not pull out of my exams due to a couple of spots. I just made sure I was getting as much rest as possible during periods of high stress and stayed hydrated. Wasn't going to secure me a first but I definitely think taking more care of myself on the inside helped with how I looked on the outside.
During the last 2 weeks I have tried to keep any face products to a minimum and have kept make up off of my face as much as possible. However, I do have a few of product recommendations that have been my go-to's over the last 2 weeks.
This product has been an absolute god send! This one product both cleans, cleanses and moisturises my skin. I find that this product removes my make up better than anything else and I have also been using it after my work outs just to freshen up my skin and wipe off any sweat and grime. It's super affordable, fragrance free and dermatologically tested so is great if you have sensitive skin. I genuinely believe I have this product to thank for the improvements I have seen in my skin over the last 2 weeks.
If you have been following my blog for a while then this will come as no surprise to you. I absolutely love these products and everything the company stands for. I have been raving about them for weeks and weeks and they have really helped to clear up my sweat damaged skin! I know they are a little pricey but I really think they're worth it and I don't mind investing in good quality skincare if it does the job and these products certainly do! After trying (and loving) the products I was offered to join their ambassador programme (eek!). I am super happy to say that I am now able to offer you guys 15% off using the code JJ so go and take a look. I do earn a little bit of money if people use my code so I would really appreciate it!
I promised myself that I wouldn't wear any make up at all in the day but as it turns out… I am weak. I found that going bare left me feeling really rubbish about myself and I spent the whole day self conscious. I decided that as much as I didn't want to be caking on my liquid foundation, I was going to need something to help with my confidence whilst still allowing my skin to breathe. I picked up the Bourjois Health Mix press powered in shade 01. The coverage is subtle and matte, whilst still giving your skin a radiance without being shiny. It helped smooth out the appearance of my skin and yet I didn't feel as though I was clogging up my pores. This powder feels super light on the skin but has pretty good staying power. It's still of vitamins and although I'm not exactly sure what they do it sounds pretty good, right? This product is £9.99 and comes with a mirror and little applicator (although I use a powder brush most of the time) so you can just chuck it in your bag. It also makes a great setting powder for if you are going for a liquid foundation base. I love this product and I will definitely not be going back to a liquid foundation as my daily go-to.
I adore LUSH products so when this was recommended to me I had to try it. I was a little worried about it making my skin worse but I did a tester and had no reaction so went for it. I've only used it once and so I definitely want to continue trailing this product before giving a definitive opinion, however, so far I really do like it. It helped to clear my skin and brighten up my dull and tired complexion. As with all LUSH products, it smells delicious! It is infused with peppermint oil as well are marigold oil, chlorophyllin, primrose seeds, aduki beans, honey and other delicious and natural ingredients. You have two options to choose from. I went for the self preserving form (this basically means it keeps itself clean without synthetic preservatives) because I prefer a wetter texture rather than the kind of face masks that dry when applied. Apparently apart from the texture the results are the same so it just depends on your personal preference. It comes in at £12.50 for 315g, which is the medium sized tub and I would seriously recommend it if you are having troubles with your skin.
So there you have it, some of the lessons I have learnt and the products I have been using to help with my skin over the last few weeks. The fitness world often ignores the not so pretty side of training and, for me anyway, spots have definitely been a main one. I guess this is partly my fault but I just never really thought about it. I was complacent that I had made it through my teenage years without spots so I was going to be in the clear. Turns out I was anything but in the clear.
I hope you have enjoyed this post and maybe even found it useful. I'll be back the same time next week so stay tuned and in the mean time head over to my Instagram and give me a follow for daily updates.


Sit with Lisa and learn the basics of makeup according to your specific face shape and colours suitable for you. You will be shown how to use the right products for the correct purposes, the tricks of the trade, and how to go from a day look to a night look.
Day and time will be confirmed upon booking.


think of the good side..
oh oh oh oh.. when you are going to throw his stuff... do tell me.. so i can get a popcorn and sit down there..
watch you throw.. so entertaining.. LMAO!!
REMEMBER: Hahaha.. Mentang2 we stay near each other. Don't want to let you come. Malu.
Koala: Yup. Long story. I posted it before also. I think you might came across it.


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Q: SharePoint 403 Forbidden error We are facing strange issues with my custom web part. This web part is embedded on the page and whenever user tries to access this web page first time in a day he gets "403 Forbidden error" then he clicks browser back button and web page loads perfectly with web part. Afterwards whole day this problem never comes. It happens same way again from next morning.
User has full control on the site so I don't see any such permission issue. This web part reads documents from multiple lists and display on data grid. User has full control permission on all the lists so it's also fine. I tried to comment the web part code and still he gets forbidden error when he logins first time.
I don't know what else I should look for .. Any help will be much appreciated.
Note: It's not just dev machine but it's happening on prod server as well. Also, It's not for one but happening for many users.

A: Not sure but Pls confirm for any timer job which might be creating this kind of problem.


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Home > List of families > Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae > Crotalaria > caudata
Crotalaria caudata Welw. ex Baker
Along path to Tessa's Pool, Chimanimani.
Along path from Tessa's Pool to Outward Bound School, Chimanimani.
Synonyms: Crotalaria harmsiana Taub.
Erect or decumbent, short-lived, branched perennial, up to 1.5m tall. Leaves closely arranged, sessile, 3-foliate. Leaflets mostly held erect, linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, up to 20 mm long, thinly hairy on both surfaces; margins rolled under; stipules absent. Flowers in numerous,2-3-flowered racemes or solitary along the main branches or on short lateral branchlets, sometimes axillary. Calyx 5-8 mm long, densely silky pubescent. Standard bright yellow; often tinged or marked reddish, pubescent towards the apex on the outside. Wings as long as the keel or shorter; keel 7-9 mm long rather narrow with a projecting sharp beak. Pods subsessile, 16-25 mm long, cylindrical, densely spreading hairy.
Derivation of specific name: caudata: abruptly ending in a long tail-like tip
Habitat: In miombo woodland and grassland, often near swamps, rivers and vleis; also in disturbed places and scrub at higher altitudes.
Worldwide distribution: Angola, Cameroon, DRC, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Mozambique distribution: N,Z,MS
Content last updated: Sunday 6 May 2012
Drummond, R.B. (1972). A list of Rhodesian Legumes. Kirkia 8(2) Page 217.
Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 244.
Martins, E.S. et al. (2003). Papilionoideae Flora Zambesiaca 3(7) Pages 121 - 123. (Includes a picture).
Polhill, R.M. (1982). Crotalaria in Africa and Madagascar. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Page 139. (Includes a picture).
Other sources of information about Crotalaria caudata:
Flora of Malawi: Crotalaria caudata
Flora of Zambia: Crotalaria caudata
Flora of Zimbabwe: Crotalaria caudata
African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Crotalaria caudata
African Plant Database: Crotalaria caudata
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Crotalaria caudata
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Crotalaria caudata
ePIC (electronic Plant Information Center): Crotalaria caudata
Flora Zambesiaca web site: Crotalaria caudata
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Crotalaria caudata
GRIN (Germplasm Resources Information Network): Crotalaria caudata
iNaturalist: Crotalaria caudata
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Crotalaria caudata
JSTOR Plant Science: Crotalaria caudata
Kew Herbarium catalogue: Crotalaria caudata
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Crotalaria caudata
Plants of the World Online: Crotalaria caudata
Tropicos: Crotalaria caudata
Wikipedia: Crotalaria caudata
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2022). Flora of Mozambique: Species information: Crotalaria caudata.


Now you can make Kottu Roti, the famous Sri Lankan Street Food at home using these great recipes. The sliced flatbread soaks up the spicy flavors of the chicken, beef and vegetable curry for a delightful snack, lunch or main meal. It is a wonderful way to make use of left-over curry from the night before. The traditional Kottu roti is made with Godhambara roti, also called roti canai originating from Malaysia, or paratha flatbread from India. But, any thin flatbread will do, as it is merely used to soak up the liquid to make it easier to eat with a folk or spoon. There are many variations and you can invent your own. Try some of the recipes below. Some other options are: chicken, beef, pork, fish, egg, cheese and a variety of vegetable variations.
Use a large wok or heavy frying pan, stir-fry the onion in the hot oil until just starting to soften. Add the chopped garlic and ginger, sautéing for a few seconds, without burning. Add all the vegetables, the curry spices, salt and pepper, and stir-fry for a few minutes. Add the chicken, cayenne pepper and the curry sauce and stir-fry the mixture until the vegetables are just starting to soften. Whisk the eggs together in a bowl. Add to the mixture, scrambling the eggs. Add cheese as an option. Turn down the heat. Then, quickly add the shredded roti, and mix thoroughly until the roti is completely coated with the mixture, soaking up the juices. Cook for about 5 minutes over low heat. Serve hot from the pan with extra leftover curry sauce. You can use cooked beef, pork, or extra vegetables for different versions.
Combine tomato, green chilli, curry leaves, half the sliced onion, ginger and garlic in a food processor and process to form a paste. Next, heat the oil in a large wok or heavy frying pan over high heat. Add the blended spice paste and sauté, stirring frequently, for 5 minutes or until slightly coloured. Add the curry powder, curry spice mixture (see above), tomato paste, cumin and soy sauce, and mix through. Add the cabbage, carrot and remaining sliced onion, and saute for 1-2 minutes, until vegetables are just starting to soften. Add the roti and cook for 2 minutes or until well combined and heated through. Push the mixture to the side of the wok, add beaten egg and stir for 1 minute or until just set. Stir to combine the egg with the rest of the mixture. Serve hot with lemon wedges, extra chilli, coriander or other fresh herbs.
Make the curry paste by pulsing the garlic, ginger, tomato, half an onion, and 2 jalapenos in a blender or food processor to form a paste. Heat the oil in a wok or heavy pan over high heat and toast the fennel seeds. Then, add the paste from the blender bowl and cook while stirring for 1 minute. Then, add the tomato paste and dark soy sauce and cook for 30 seconds. Next, add the chili powder, ground cumin, coriander powder, curry powder into the mixture and combine well. Lower the heat to moderate high heat and cook together for another 2 minutes. Finally add the shredded roti in, and mix thoroughly into the paste. Continue to cook for an additional 2 additional minutes, and serve hot with extra chilli sauce and fresh herbs.
Heat a frying pan over a moderate to high heat. Toast the spices and curry leaves for several minutes until aromatic. Grind the spices and a pinch of salt using a pestle and mortar. Add in the ginger and garlic, and crush to form a paste. Combine the ingredients to make the curry sauce. Heat a wok or heavy frying pan over a high heat and add half the oil. Fry the rotis briefly until starting to brown around the edges, then remove onto a plate. Next add the rest of the oil, followed by the spice paste, and mix to combine well. Add the carrot, cabbage, chilli and lamb, and stir-fry for 5 minutes, then spring onions. Stir-fry for 2 minutes more, cooking the egg in a well made in the mixture. Return the rotis to the pan and mix to combine well. Serve hot, garnished with coriander leaves and lime wedges.
Coarsely grind the paste ingredients using food processor, blender or chopper. Finely shred the flat breads, such as parathas, or similar. Heat oil in a large pan or wok. Add the coarsely ground mixture and stir-fry until the mixture aromatic and golden brown. Next add the chili powder, curry powder, tomato puree and soy sauce and combine mix well form a thick sauce. Add salt and pepper to taste. Add the shredded parathas or other flatbreads and mix well until the pieces are well coated with spices. Reduce the the heat and add carrot and scallions and mix well. Cook slowly for a few minutes and then serve hot with fresh herbs and extra fresh chilies.
Heat 2 tablespoons of oil in a wok or frying pan over moderate heat. When the oil is hot, add the shrimp, 1 teaspoon coriander, 1 teaspoon paprika, 1/2 teaspoons cumin and 1/2 teaspoons turmeric and sauté the mixture for 4-5 minutes. Remove the shrimp and set aside. Add the remaining oil to the same pan and sauté onion for about 5-6 minutes, stirring frequently.Add in the garlic and ginger and fry for about 2 minutes. Next, add the carrots, celery, and cabbage and sprinkle with the remaining coriander, paprika, cumin and turmeric. Reduce the heat to low heat on slow cook the vegetables until just tender. Shred the roti with a sharp knife. When the vegetables are cooked add the shrimp, the cut shredded roti and chopped green chillies. Season with salt and pepper and mix well to fully coat the roti pieces with the sauce. Serve hot, garnished with extra chillies, parsley and your choice of fresh herbs and sauces!


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Former Met officer jailed for drugs cash conspiracy following investigation directed by IOPC
roger.kasper
Our directed investigation has resulted in former Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) Constable Kashif Mahmood of MPS' Central East command being sentenced to eight years in jail after admitting conspiracy to acquire criminal property and misconduct in public office.
The investigation, conducted by the MPS under our direction, established that PC Mahmood used a police patrol car to intercept drug-running cash from couriers in a conspiracy to acquire criminal property. His accomplices were all civilian and one posed as a police officer, wearing uniform provided to him.
The cash was either due to be laundered or had been provided to the couriers as payment for drugs.
At around 5.30pm on 8 March, 2020, Mahmood, who was off duty on sick leave, used another officer's name to book out a police Vauxhall Astra. Mahmood and associate Ioan Gherghel went in the car to Balgonie Road, Chingford.
A man, suspected of being a courier of criminal property, was already under surveillance by officers from the Metropolitan Police Service's pro-active money laundering team.
The marked police car with Mahmood and Gherghel inside, both wearing police uniform, stopped the courier's car and searched the vehicle. They took the bag, which the court heard contained a sizeable amount of cash, and another £2,000 in cash. They did not arrest the man.
The MPS team then stopped Mahmood to find out why he had searched the courier's car. Mahmood identified himself as a police officer and Gherghel named himself as a police officer. Ghergel was wearing a stab proof vest.
Mahmood said they were carrying out an anti-drugs campaign in the area and this 'search' was part of the initiative.
The MPS team was suspicious and contacted the MPS' Directorate of Professional Standards. Later, the courier also visited a police station to report money had been taken from him by a police officer.
On another occasion, on 25 March 2020, Mahmood travelled to Wembley, West London in a police vehicle, stopping at an address in Stratford, East London before making the journey at speeds of up to 96 miles per hour. Mahmood and an accomplice then stole criminal property, believed to be around £450,000, from a courier. The money was the proceeds of drug-running.
Mahmood enjoyed trips to Dubai, from where the organised crime gang was orchestrated, and indulged in a lavish lifestyle, including purchasing a £6,000 Rolex watch.
Mahmood, from Harlow in Essex, was arrested on 28 April, 2020 and pleaded guilty to the offences at Southwark Crown Court on August 5, 2020.
He was due to be sentenced at the Southwark Crown Court on 22 December alongside four other men and a woman, none of them police officers, who were charged with various offences including conspiracy to acquire criminal property. The hearing was delayed for legal reasons.
The others – Ioan Gherghel, Moshin Khan, Shabaz Khan, Shazad Khan, and Maria Shah - were given jail sentences totalling more than 56 years.
Mahmood was dismissed from the force without notice in November last year following a gross misconduct hearing.
Director of Major Investigations Steve Noonan said:
"This officer's behaviour was audacious, corrupt and criminal. His actions were a complete betrayal of public trust and confidence and have no place in policing.
"As a body completely independent of the police, the IOPC oversaw this matter to provide assurance it was being investigated thoroughly and impartially by the MPS.
"This investigation has now resulted in a conviction and lengthy sentence for PC Mahmood. It sends a clear signal to police officers who engage in corrupt activity that they will be caught, and they can expect to pay a high price for their crimes.
"While all the evidence we have seen points towards this being an isolated case of police corruption on this scale, we have to remain vigilant and will continue to pursue allegations of corruption vigorously."