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Lost Hospital — DC General Hospital, Washington, DC
The Washington Infirmary was the first public hospital established in 1806. The facility moved its location in 1846 (known as the Washington Asylum at the time).
The hospital housed the city's indigent patients, as well as serving as a work house for convicted criminals (for minor crimes).
Over the years DC General Hospital was a smallpox hospital, a quarantine station, a disinfection plant, and crematory. In 1922, Gallinger Municipal Hospital was built at the location, and in 1953 officially changed its name to District of Columbia General Hospital.
DC General Hospital closed in May 2001 after serving the community for almost two hundred years. Although hospital inpatient services ended in 2001, the campus still offers a variety of services such as a Women's Services Center, Detoxification Center, and Southeast Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic. The city Jail is located to the south of this historic health care facility.
Before DC General Hospital closed, those wishing to keep the hospital open made the following arguments against its closure:
The hospital was strategically located in the eastern half of the city, which was an area already feeling the impact of other hospital closings.
Closing the hospital would increase the risk of shortages in the city's ability to deliver health care.
Closing the hospital would create even greater problems in the future, as it would deprive the city of having the right hospital in the right place.
When DC General Hospital closed, many questioned the future of public hospitals in cities across the United States. A July 2001 article in Health Affairs offered the following:
Public general hospitals like Bellevue (in New York City), Philadelphia General Hospital, and Boston City Hospital were once staples of urban America. Bellevue remains active today, but Philadelphia General closed more than twenty years ago, and Boston City has melded into the quasi-private Boston Medical Center. The expense, complexities, and "marketization" of health care have combined to cause cities to consider alternatives to the public management of large medical centers. Protracted debate over the closing of D.C. General Hospital in the nation's capital is the latest high-profile battle over a public hospital. Paul Offner, a former health care finance commissioner, writes of his skepticism about the public hospital as the best buy for local taxpayers—a position that seems to have influenced subsequent events in Washington. As the CEO of Denver Health and a thirty-year veteran of public hospitals, Patricia Gabow writes from a very different vantage point. Civic will and clinical commitment, she argues, are the key ingredients to making a public hospital work. Where they exist together, public institutions can be powerhouses of service, education, and research.
District officials closed DC General Hospital because they could no longer afford to keep it open. At the time this was, and continues to be, a common pattern across the country. In the seven years before DC General Hospital closed, the number of facilities with emergency departments decreased by 15%.
Jan 29th, 2011 Miscellaneous
The FDA Discusses the Future of Electroshock Treatment
Next week the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will meet to discuss the future of electroshock devices, whether to downgrade the restrictions on its use or make the treatment more available. Each year an estimated 100,000 Americans undergo the treatment for major depression and other conditions. Two-thirds of these patients are women.
Electroshock therapy is a historically controversial, psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect. The American Psychiatric Association and other leading experts are recommending that the FDA downgrade the devices, making the now "high-risk" treatment "medium-risk." If this occurs, equipment for such treatment would be regulated like syringes and surgical drills.
According to Dr. Matthew V. Rudorfer, a psychiatrist and top specialist at the National Institute of Mental Health: "These tend to be mom-and-pop operations. So I think the dilemma might be that undergoing new expensive clinical trials might be too expensive." According to Vera Hassner Sharav, president of the Alliance for Human Research Protection, an advocacy group in New York: "It's all trial and error — it's all experimental. All the years it's been controversial and there have not been clinical trials. Why not?"
The FDA review was recommended by the U.S. Government Accountability Office in 2009 as part of an examination of the treatment's regulatory status, as well as other less controversial medical devices (such as pacemaker electrodes and implanted blood access devices).
More information about the FDA's review can be found at NewYorkTimes.com.
The Living Dormant: MicroZombies
There's life. There's death. And there is dormancy. Somewhere in between a zombie and a hibernating bear, dormant microorganisms potentially have a profound impact on the natural environment.
A recent study in Nature Reviews: Microbiology examines the cellular mechanisms that allow these microbes to exist in a dormant state. The study also explores the impact these dormant microbes can have on larger ecosystems, including the ground, the oceans, and humans.
Study author Jay Lennon, Michigan State University assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics, explained: "Only a tiny fraction is metabolically active at any given time. How would our environment be altered, in terms of carbon emissions, nutrient cycling and greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide, by dramatic increases or decreases in the dormancy of microbes?"
"Dormancy" has properties of low metabolic activity, and it is considered a reversible state. Organisms sometimes enter into this state in response to freezing temperatures or lack of food. These organisms do not follow a linear growth pattern, and dormancy could occur at any time.
Lennon added: "However, it does take a certain level of commitment, a certain energy investment to make it happen. Just as people don't run out and winterize their homes if it gets cool in August, microbes want to be sure that truly hard times have set in before shifting into a dormant phase."
Lennon and his co-author, Stuart Jones at the University of Notre Dame contend that 90 percent of microorganisms in the ground are usually dormant and only half of bacterial species are active, creating an enormously large "seed bank" that could have profound implications. According to Lennon: "The idea of a microbial seed bank is a rather novel concept, but from our research we found that dormancy and seed banks are prevalent in most ecosystems. What's fascinating is that there's only a small fraction that are active, which means there's a large reservoir that could potentially be activated at any given time."
Among other things, the authors contend that dormancy may explain the sudden outbreak of diseases, triggered by environmental changes. Lennon noted: "One-third of world's population carries dormant tuberculosis microbes. Obviously, you can live a long time with the dormant cell in your body, but it's important to understand what can trigger its reanimation or what maintains its dormancy."
Rodents: Uninvited Winter Guests
This time of year we should all be vigilant in our battle against influenza. The winter months, however, bring additional health concerns from some little creatures who roam freely throughout our communities and inside an estimated 21 million homes. This threat comes from rodents.
Rodent infestation can contaminate food sources, especially since rodent feces can spread Salmonella and Hantavirus. Food contamination aside, rodents can also bring lice, fleas, ticks, and mites into the home. And if that was not bad enough, mice can cause extensive damage to homes by gnawing on wood, walls and wires.
According to Missy Henriksen, vice president of public affairs for National Pest Management Association, Inc. (NPMA): "Rodent infestations are cause for concern because not only do they pose risks for your home, but for your family's health and safety as well. It is crucial to take steps to prevent rodent infestations and to recognize the signs that you might have one."
NPMA offers some tips to identify and avoid rodent problems this winter:
Inspect wires, insulation and walls for any signs of gnaw marks, which may indicate an infestation.
Store boxes and containers off of the floor and organize items often to prevent rodents from residing in undisturbed areas.
Install gutters or diverts to channel water away from your home.
Seal cracks and holes on your home's exterior, including areas where utilities and pipes enter.
If you find rodent feces, hear sounds of scurrying in the walls or observe other signs of an infestation, contact a licensed pest professional to inspect and treat the pest problem.
For additional information, visit the NPMA Website.
Rodents: Uninvited Winter Guests0
Rodent infestation can contaminate food sources, especially since rodent feces can spread Salmonella and Hantavirus. Food contamination aside, rodents can also bring lice, fleas, ticks, and mites into the home. And if that was not bad enough, mice can cause extensive damage to homes by gnawing on wood, walls and wires. … Read more →
The World's Largest Hospital — Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa is the largest hospital in the world. Located southwest of Johannesburg, the Hospital expands over 173 acres, consists of 429 buildings, and has 2,964 beds.
The Hospital is the only public hospital providing medical care to approximately 3.5 million, and as a specialty hospital, patients travel there from all over the country and the surrounding African nations. The hospital employs almost 5,000 people, including 600 doctors and 2,000 nurses.
Patients pay according to income and marital status, with approximately 80% classified as "hospital patients". There is no charge for maternity cases and all children under the age of 6 years old. Approximately 20% of patients are classified as "private patients," which include medical aid plan members.
The Hospital dates back to 1939 when there was a great need to treat a backlog of patients in the British Empire, including military personnel. In September 1940, the Secretary of State in London formally asked the South African Government to provide health care facilities for the Imperial troops under command in the Middle East. Two hospitals were suggested, and in November 1941 one was constructed near Johannesburg. The British Government paid 328,000 pounds for 1,544 hospital beds, and they named the facility "The Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath."
Due to an urgency created by the Second World War, the Hospital admitted its first patients in May 1942, with an official opening in September 1942. The Hospital originally treated the casualties of the war, mainly from the Middle East. Toward the end of the war, the Hospital treated mostly Tuberculosis patients.
After the war, the South African Government had bought the hospital for one million pounds. Over the next 30 years the Hospital grew in size and status to its nearly 3,000 hospital beds today. In 1997, the hospital name changed to "Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital" after the murder of the prominent activist, Chris Hani.
The World's Largest Hospital — Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in South Africa0
The Hospital is the only public hospital providing medical care to approximately 3.5 million, and as a specialty hospital, patients travel there from all over the country and the surrounding African nations. The hospital employs almost 5,000 people, including 600 doctors and 2,000 nurses. … Read more →
Jan 23rd, 2011 Uncategorized
England and Organ Recovery
England's National Health Service (NHS) established in 2005 a Special Health Authority, the NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT). NHSBT's mission is "the provision of a reliable, efficient supply of blood, organs and associated services to the NHS."
NHSBT recently announced that in 2010 there were more than 6,900 organ and cornea transplants throughout the United Kingdom, and over 2 million donations of blood were collected in England and North Wales. 2010 also saw a record number of patients across the UK receive a transplant while the number of people on the NHS Organ Donor Register reached 17.7 million.
According to Lynda Hamlyn, Chief Executive at NHSBT:
"We rely entirely on the generosity of donors who make the difference to so many patients who need lifesaving transfusions and transplants. I would like to thank every one of our regular blood donors and those who have joined the NHS Organ Donor Register. This has allowed us to help save and improve more lives in 2010 than ever before. [¶] Donation saves lives, and as we start a new year and a new decade, I would encourage anyone interested in helping save and improve the lives of others to consider becoming a blood donor, if they can, and joining the NHS Organ Donor Register by calling 0300123 23 23 or visiting our websites. [¶] Our priority is to maintain the goodwill and support of our generous donors – be they blood or organ. But at the same time we are mindful of the current economic climate and are particularly proud that we achieved these record results while continuing to deliver overall cost savings of nearly £30million. Money that can be reinvested in front-line patient care in the wider NHS."
Even while the UK saw more transplant operations in 2010 than ever before, an estimated 10,000 patients remain in need of a transplant in the UK. About 3 people a day will die before an organ becomes available. Hamlyn noted: "Thanks to the altruism of donors and their families, a record number of organs were made available for transplantation in 2010 and a record number of peoples' lives were saved or improved as a result."
The full announcement can be read HERE.
Lost Hospital — The Renwick Smallpox Hospital, Roosevelt Island, New York
Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to humans. The term "smallpox" was first used in Europe in the fifteenth century as a way to distinguish this disease from the epidemic of syphilis.
Smallpox killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans each year by the end of the eighteenth century. As recently as 1967, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 15 million people contracted the disease, and two million had died as a result.
The Renwick Smallpox Hospital (later the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School) was located on Roosevelt Island in New York City. When Renwick Smallpox Hospital opened on December 18, 1856 on Blackwell's Island (the island's name at the time), the hospital could treat 100 patients.
Designed in the style of Gothic Revival, the Smallpox Hospital was strategically positioned in an undeveloped area at the southern tip of the island. The facility was a three-story, "U-shaped" structure complete with two large wings and a front façade at the center. All of the windows on top floor had distinguishing pointed arches rather than curves.
Even with the smallpox vaccine, New York City had large outbreaks, in part due to the large immigrant population travelling to the New World. Before the Smallpox Hospitals, victims of the disease received care in what was described as "a pile of poor wooden out houses on the banks of the river." Renwick Smallpox Hospital's remote location was chosen to isolate and quarantine patients, but due to the seriousness of the disease, the hospital had both a large charity ward (on the lower floors) as well as private rooms (on the top floor).
In 1875, the Renwick Smallpox Hospital closed, and with its affiliation to City Hospital, it became a training center for nurses (and later renamed Charity Hospital). The hospital focused on academic training after a new hospital was built on North Brothers Island to treat smallpox and other similar diseases. Between 1903 and1905 the two wings were added to the Renwick facility to accommodate the school, officially renamed the Home for the Nurses and the Maternity and Charity Hospital Training School.
In 1921 Blackwell's Island was renamed Welfare Island. Over the years, many of the buildings began to deteriorate into total disrepair. In the 1950s, both Charity Hospital and the nursing school were closed, and these operations moved to a new location in Queens, New York.
In 1972, the Renwick Smallpox Hospital was added to the National Register of Historic Places, even though the buildings were basically ruins. In 1973, Welfare Island was renamed Roosevelt Island (in honor of Franklin D. Roosevelt).
Over the years the famous and historically designated neo-Gothic ruins were illuminated at night in an attempt to raise money for the facility. Unfortunately, on December 26, 2007, part of the north wing collapsed, escalating the need to complete the upgrade. Finally, on May 28, 2009, renovations began to stabilize the Smallpox Hospital, including the addition of a memorial to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and a 14- public area.
With a cost of about $4.5 million, the Renwick Smallpox Hospital ruins were opened to the public. The old Renwick Smallpox Hospital is New York City's only ruin that remains an official landmark, and it has subway and aerial tram access to and from Manhattan.
England and Organ Recovery0
NHSBT recently announced that in 2010 there were more than 6,900 organ and cornea transplants throughout the United Kingdom, and over 2 million donations of blood were collected in England and North Wales. 2010 also saw a record number of patients across the UK receive a transplant while the number of people on the NHS Organ Donor Register reached 17.7 million. … Read more →


text:
William Hill appointed official betting partner of Racing League
Racing League today confirm a deal with William Hill named as official betting partner of the 2022 competition.
In 2022, Racing League will see teams of racehorse trainers and jockeys representing seven regions of Great Britain and Ireland competing across six fixtures, starting on Thursday 4 August at Doncaster. Over £2,000,000 in prize money will be available across a total of 42 races, with teams earning points for their finishing positions in each race.
As in 2021, there will be a prize for both the top Team as well as for the Jockey who accumulates the most points across Racing League. Official betting partners William Hill make The East favourites for the overall title at 5/2, with Daniel Muscutt, riding for London and The South, an 8/1 chance to be crowned top jockey.
Liam McKee, Director of Media, Sponsorship and UK Creative at William Hill, said: "The innovative and unique concept of Racing League has always appealed to us at William Hill and, with the planned changes to the 2022 format, we're really excited to be involved in Racing League once again. We're looking forward to seeing who will win the race to the top and be crowned the 2022 Champions."
Jeremy Wray, CEO of Racing League, said: "We took in a huge amount of feedback following the inaugural running of Racing League in 2021, and have been keen to add a number of innovations into this year's competition.
"125 trainers have signed up to take part, in regional teams this year, which we hope will create a competition that is equally as compelling for racing fans and punters. William Hill are, of course, well known and long time supporters of racing in this country, and we are delighted to welcome them back to Racing League. We look forward to working together in promoting both their brand, as well as our competition to racing fans and their customer base alike."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bjarne Stroustrup (), né le  à Aarhus, est un informaticien, écrivain et professeur de sciences informatiques danois. Il est connu pour être l'auteur du langage de programmation C++, l'un des plus utilisés dans le monde.

Biographie
Stroustrup obtient une maîtrise en mathématiques et en sciences informatiques à l'université d'Aarhus en 1975. Il prépare ensuite un doctorat en informatique à l'université de Cambridge en Angleterre, qu'il obtient en 1979. Il part alors vivre dans le New Jersey aux États-Unis, où il travaille pour les laboratoires Bell jusqu'en 2002. Après avoir été professeur à l'université A&M du Texas aux États-Unis, où il était titulaire de la chaire de science informatique du collège d'ingénierie jusqu'en , il est maintenant administrateur délégué chez Morgan Stanley à New York. Il est  de l'ACM (1994) et de l'IEEE.

Récompenses
1993 - Prix Grace Murray Hopper de l'ACM.
2004 - IEEE Computer Society 2004 Computer Entrepreneur Award.
2005 - William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement.
2008 - Dr. Dobb's Excellence in Programming award.
2013 - Nommé docteur honoris causa à l'Université d'État en technologie de l'information, mécanique et optique de St-Pétersbourg ITMO.
2015 - Senior Dahl–Nygaard Prize, Fellow du Musée de l'histoire de l'ordinateur.
2017 - Médaille Faraday.
2018 - Prix Charles Stark Draper, et IEEE-CS Computer Pioneer Award.

Œuvres écrites
 Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, , 2013, Addison-Wesley Professional,
 Bjarne Stroustrup, The Design and Evolution of C++, , 1994, Addison-Wesley Pub Co.
 Bjarne Stroustrup et Margaret A. Ellis, The Annotated C++ Reference Manual, 1990, Addison-Wesley Pub Co.

Une liste exhaustive de ses ouvrages et de ses publications est également disponible sur son site personnel.

Liens externes

  Interview par Code-Libre
  Rencontre avec Bjarne Stroustrup (vidéo)

Notes et références

Personnalité en langages de programmation
Personnalité danoise de l'informatique
Scientifique des laboratoires Bell
Étudiant de Churchill College
Étudiant de l'université d'Aarhus
Naissance à Aarhus
Naissance en décembre 1950
C++
Professeur à l'université A&M du Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Shown is a beautiful Late Edo/Early Meiji Period Lacquer Storage Box. The Makie gold lacquer is in excellent condition and features scrolling vines, leaves and florals on a very dark black brown base lacquer. The box is futher detailed by black lacquered legs ending in chased brass hooves. The legs are fittted with holes which would have held a silk cord that originally was used to secure the lid and carry the box. All elements of the box are finely detailed. There a minor loss to an underside support and there is an inside (only) minor crack to the lid.** All of the original highly chased brass elements are present, with the exception of one diamond fitting on one leg (see photos No. 3), and in good condition. Please use the contact link on this page to request trade pricing or additional information regarding this gorgeous example of Japanese lacquer, a true work of art. Thanks for visiting.
**Please note: there is a flaw in the first photo of the lid at the bottom left. The actual lid is in perfect condition.


text:
Q: Identity closure on references I have a function that takes a closure. The closure takes a reference and returns any type K:
fn take_closure<T, K>(f: impl FnMut(&T)->K) {/*...*/}

If I call take_closure with an identity function, i.e.
struct S;
fn test() {
    take_closure(|s: &S| s)
}

the compiler complains:
error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime due to conflicting requirements

I think the problem is that K is one single type, but the closure must work for all lifetimes so that the closure's result must be something like K + '(lifetime of closure parameter).
Specifying that K lives as long as &T does not really help:
fn take_closure<'a, T: 'a + Default, K: 'a>(mut f: impl FnMut(&'a T)->K) {
    let t = Default::default();
    f(&t); // error[E0597]: `t` does not live long enough
}

Thus, I tried higher-rank trait bounds:
fn take_closure<F, T: Default, K>(mut f: F)
    where for<'a> F: FnMut(&'a T)->K // <- (how) can I specify that K: 'a
{
    let t = Default::default();
    f(&t);
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct S;
fn test() {
    take_closure(|s: &S| s) // error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime due to conflicting requirements
}

Is there a way to specify take_closure accordingly? I.e. can I somehow specify that for<'a>, my FnMut(&'a T) produces a K satisfying lifetime 'a?

A: You can specify when you declare your function that K must not outlive &T:
fn take_closure<'a, T: 'a, K: 'a>(f: impl FnMut(&'a T)->K) {}

struct S;
fn test() {
    take_closure(|s: &S| s)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 15-16 September 1960
This document was made possible with support from ROK Ministry of Unification
USSR MFA stamp: Copy Nº 3
OF A. M. PUZANOV
02153-gs
[handwritten in the left margin: "to G. Ye. Samsonov" and two other illegible names, one followed by "delo [file]] 035" and the other by "17 October 1960"]
of Soviet Ambassador in the DPRK Cde. A. M. PUZANOV
from 12 through 30 September 1960
I visited and inspected the main structures of the Anju irrigation system together with Chief of the DPRK MFA 1st Department and Embassy Third Secretary D. A. Priyemsky: the spillway on the Taedong River; the Yenpkhun [sic] Reservoir, and the water intake on the Chkhonchkhon [sic] River.
During the construction of the Anju irrigation system the Soviet Union and other socialist countries gave technical assistance and aid with construction materials and equipment. A group of Soviet specialists headed by engineer Belikov gave practical assistance right at the construction site. Eight 28-inch pumps, eight 415-hp electric motors each were delivered for the Kymson [sic] pumping station on the Chkhonchkhon [sic] River and other electrical and construction equipment.
The construction of the irrigation system was begun in the period of the Japanese occupation of Korea in 1919; when this was being done provision was made to irrigate an area of 12,000 jeongbo. However, the Japanese managed to perform only a part of the construction work, less than one-fifth.
After the liberation of Korea by the Soviet Army by decision of the DPRK government construction of the Anju irrigation system was continued in September 1948. The construction was about 40% done. Construction was stopped during the war. Some of what had been done remained intact.
In August 1954 the DPRK government decided to construct an irrigation system in two stages between 1954 and 1957. It was intended to irrigate about 30,000 jeongbo.
Construction of the irrigation system was finished ahead of schedule, on 22 May 1956, that is, in a very short period, one year and 10 months, thanks to the selfless labor of the manual laborers, officer workers, peasants, students and KNA soldiers, and also units of the Chinese People's Volunteers.
The waters of the Anju irrigation system are now used by 92 agricultural cooperatives, which unite 45,755 peasant households and irrigate more than 44,000 jeongbo of flooded and waterless fields of the districts of Anju, Mundok, Pkhenwon [sic], and Sukchkhon [sic], located in the Yel'tusamchkhonni [sic] Valley. Before the start of construction cultivated plots on the territory of the above districts was 66,500 jeongbo, including 38,400 jeongbo of rice fields, of which 70% did not have reliable irrigation. Thanks to the steady irrigation the rice yield will grow annually and this year an average of up to 4-4.5 tons per jeongbo will be collected instead of the 1.5-1.7 collected before the construction of the system.
An interesting technical solution of the construction of the Anju irrigation system stands out. The Taedong and Chkhonchkhon Rivers, between which lies Yel'tusamchkhonni Valley, serve as the water sources feeding this system. The unmanned water intake on the Taedong River, which lets 33 m3 of water a second through, is the head unit in the system. The waters of the Taedong River enter the Yenpkhun Reservoir from the water intake, passing by gravity through a four-kilometer tunnel.
This reservoir is described by the following dimensions: the area of the water level is 1,595 jeongbo; the height of the embankment is 33.5 km; the length of the embankment is 245 m; the width of the reservoir varies from 0.5 to 2.5 km, and the length is up to 10 km; the average width is 8-12 meters, and in individual spots, up to 20-25 meters. The usable volume of the reservoir is about 154,000,000 m3.
The water also goes from the Yenpkhun Reservoir into the main channel via gravity. In the event the water in the reservoir is insufficient and it cannot go into the main channel via gravity the necessary amount of water for irrigation is taken from the Chkhonchkhon River with the aid of the Kymson water-pumping station at which eight Soviet pumps have been installed capable of passing up to 10 tons of water a second from a height of up to 14.7 meters. The water goes directly into the main channel.
The Lipsok [sic] Agricultural Cooperative (the name of the village of Lipsok [sic] translates to "standing rock") of the Mundok District, South Pyongan Province.
Kang In-hak [sic], chairman of the board of the agricultural cooperative and a Hero of Labor, said the following. The agricultural cooperative was organized in September 1954 and counts 218 peasant households. After cooperation was concluded in 1958 all six agricultural cooperatives located on the territory of the ri were combined into one consolidated agricultural cooperative, which started to number 750 peasant households. The main direction in administration is field cultivation and the main crop is rice. There are 14 field cultivation, one animal husbandry, and one construction teams, and an agricultural machine repair team. Of the 1,115 jeongbo of cultivated land 837 jeongbo are watered rice fields, 244 jeongbo are unwatered fields in which corn, wheat, and vegetables are cultivated, and 34 jeongbo are an orchard. Last year the gross grain harvest was 3,800 tons, including 3,600 tons of rice. The average rice harvest per jeongbo reached 4.5 tons. This year it is proposed to gather up to 4,500 tons of grain, of which about 4,000 tons are rice with an average harvest of 4.9 tons per jeongbo.
The agricultural cooperative has 268 head of Korean cattle, 260 pigs, more than 3,000 barnyard fowl, and more than 800 rabbits.
Last year an average of 2,640 kg of grain and 120 won were given to each household; this year it is proposed to issue 2,400 kg of grain and 320 won. In 1959 4.3 kg of grain were issued per workday, and this year it is proposed to be five kilograms. Last year the agricultural cooperative handed over and sold the state 2,254 tons of grain.
The construction of new houses for their members is being done in the agricultural cooperative. A total of 90 have been built. The construction is being done by their own construction team. In the chairman's words, the cost of the construction of one home is 350 won.
Together with the chairman of the board of the agricultural cooperative, the chairmen from the district Party committee and the Ministry of Agriculture who were at a farm we inspected the rice fields and the animal husbandry farms. Feeding troughs with tethers for cows had been made in the cattle yard and there is a small suspended wagon for taking out the manure. The construction of three silage towers with a capacity of 50 tons of silage each is going quickly around the cattle yard. It is completely obvious that they are being built in connection with the proposed visit. The pig farm is small, a height of up to 1.5 meters, a brick structure with three walls, a sow in each section. The pigs are predominantly Korean. Part of the pigs were received from the Pyongyang state farm. The pigs are emaciated and make a poor impression.
SOVIET AMBASSADOR IN THE DPRK [signature] (A. Puzanov)
Five copies sent
1 - Cde. A. A. Gromyko
2 - Cde. Yu. V. Andropov
3 - Cde. V. I. Tugarinov
4 - UVPI MID SSSR
5 - to file
Nº 480, at
A.M. Puzanov inspects the main structures of the Anju irrigation system. Kang In-hak gives a briefing on Lipsok agricultural cooperative, including its history, capability and recent work.
Puzanov, A. M.
South Pyeong-an
Industries--Korea (North)
Agriculture--Korea (North)
Irrigation--Korea (North)
AVPRF fond 0102, opis 16, delo 7, p.102-129. Translated by Gary Goldberg.
Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF)
ROK Ministry of Unification
"Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A.M. Puzanov for 15-16 September 1960", September 15, 1960, Wilson Center Digital Archive, AVPRF fond 0102, opis 16, delo 7, p.102-129. Translated by Gary Goldberg.


text:
Schuman Writes the Playbook to Success at Meadowbrook
SUMMER SHOWDOWN
For the sixth straight season the Wisconsin PGA and Wisconsin State Golf Association teamed up to present the WSGA / WPGA Summer Showdown on Monday. The invitation only event featured another great field, as 65 golfers with Wisconsin ties teed it up. This year's event traveled to Meadowbrook CC in Racine, as players looked to get their golf game ready to go for next week's Morgan Stanley Wisconsin State Open.
Grabbing the momentum heading into next week, and taking advantage of the perfecting scoring and course conditions was Jim Schuman of Blue Mound G&CC. The PGA teaching professional found his groove on the greens and stole the show as one of the last groups to finish. Starting on the back nine the 2-time Wisconsin State Open champ got off to a great start as he nearly holed his second shot into the par 4 12th. From 177 yards he struck a five iron that hit the flagstick and dropped down to six feet.
The great shot kicked off a three birdie stretch over the course of the next four holes. Next up, a key save on the par 4 16th would help keep the round going. After hitting his drive through the fairway the Madison native would be forced to layup to 50 yards.
"I really made a nice shot from there," Schuman said. "I was able to get up and down after hitting it to about five feet."
He would finish off the back nine with a few more pars, but then would hit his lone stumbling block of the day with a bogey on the par 4 1st. The bogey would quickly be erased with back to back birdies on no. 2 and no. 3.
From there his steady play led the way, as he carded four straight pars and two closing birdies to cap off the round. The final of which would come via his longest putt of the day.
"Nine is a dicey little hole," Schuman said. "I had it straight up the hill from about twenty feet. It was nice to finish that way."
In the end his great play would result in a 6-under-par 65. The winning mark would help him earn a three shot victory over Tom Burton of Hidden Glen GC. Finishing directly behind Burton in third place would be Ryan Helminen. Tying for low amateur honors would be Ricky Kuiper and Paul Zarek with 1-under-par 70s.
"I just putted well, and the iron play was really solid," Schuman said in closing. "It is always nice to win."
With his great play Schuman was able to win a combined $2,300 from the professional contest, senior contest and the bonus prize pool.
A big thank you goes out to TaylorMade & adidas Golf along with Steve Ploch, Hunter Mahler and Matt Flaten for their support of the event for the sixth straight season. With their help the day was once again well received by all the attendees.
The WPGA and WSGA would also like to express our appreciation to the membership and staff at Meadowbrook CC. The club once again did a great job of hosting a Wisconsin PGA & Wisconsin State Golf Association event.
WSGA / WPGA Summer Showdown Results


"I am interested in analyzing some social taboos, not because I am so brave and strong but because I feel oppressed by them and can imagine that there is a better way to feel. My strategy is very simple. I analyze certain phenomena (racism, the male "gaze", the psychology of wealth) because I find them in myself."
And where are all the people è il titolo della performance realizzata appositamente per Raum dell'artista statunitense Tom Johnson. L'appuntamento si svolge nello spazio bolognese sabato 16 dicembre alle 22 (Via Ca' Selvatica 4/d). Prodotta da xing, la performance tocca molti dei temi che da sempre guidano la ricerca di Johnson. Presentata come un'azione a cavallo tra scultura, installazione e performance, And where are all the people? mette in scena "una struttura realizzata quasi esclusivamente dalla mia posizione e dalla statura di quell'uomo là".
Nell'intervista che segue abbiamo chiesto all'artista come è nato quest'ultimo progetto, come ha conciliato i diversi mezzi espressivi, quali nessi ci sono tra il suo percorso individuale e l'elaborazione della performance e, infine, se ci sono delle relazione tra la sua produzione strettamente legate al mondo visivo – penso alle opere su carta esposte alla fine del gennaio scorso da Guido Costa Project a Torino – e quella invece più vicina al mondo performativo e teatrale.
Saturday 16 December at 10pm Xing presents at Raum And where are all the people?, performance by the American artist Tom Johnson.
And the people? With this question, Tom Johnson, an enigmatic artist, introduces us into his new performance by interrogating the difficulty of locating the subject. In the presence of a strange object, evoking metaphysical memories, in between sculpture, installation and performance, And Where are all the People? presents "a structure built almost entirely of my position and the stature of that man over there". Who is he? Who are those other people?, Who are we? What unites and separates us in the figurative and peopled terrain of language?
"He was generous. He wanted me to be really just as I was. He didn't try to change things. Yes, he was very powerful and rich, but so humble. He accepted things as they were: his position, his limits, mine. To accept can be a sign of enormous generosity, of a going beyond the usual confines to see things as they really are in themselves, not conditioned by some idea or structure.
They, in theory, asked me to participate in the idea. But then I couldn't find them (the place was impossible to see from where I was standing). Later, for other reasons, I did get together with them, but it wasn't the same thing. With them, my favorite truth was that I HAD to be able to know everyone. However, I must say that I ate better there, with them, than anywhere else.
This Structure will be physically present during the performance.
ATP: The performance "And where are all the people?" that you will present at Raum, seems to be born from the tension in between the individual and the collectivity. Many are the questions that this could rise: who are we? Who are the others ? What unites us and what divides us. Can you tell us how this performance was born?
I am middle-aged and I now have many friends who are old and will not live much longer. I think a lot about losing them. I also think a lot about the lives they have lead and about what their "success" has been, what their "happiness" has been: two words which almost necessarily imply relations with others.
I also think about what I have been given by these friends. Through caring for me have they given also their defects? What right do I have to be angry at them, for their mistakes, for their effect on me, for the fact that they are going to die and leave me without them?
My natural tendency is to go very slowly, to ask a lot questions, to listen a lot. However this can be frustrating. It can make you want something else. On the other hand, when I meet someone who just takes what she or he "deserves", I feel fear and anger, even hatred.
ATP: "And where are all the people?" has been described as a project in between sculpture, installation and performance. How did you choose the different expressive medias in relation to a certain content to be developed?
TJ: I chose this combination both for reasons inside the subject and for reasons connected to a general way of working. One subject of the performance is the idea of vision. A difference is proposed between "having a vision" and "being able to see". A vision is usually static, ideal, whereas being able to see involves comparison, change and motion. Therefore, in the performance, it is good to have both "a big vision" to look at, but it is also good to have parts that move and can be compared.
As a way of working in general, I try to get a form that answers what I believe in. I believe passionately in the good of powerful and correct visual presence. I believe passionately in the good of powerful and correct physical, bodily presence. And I believe passionately in the good of powerful and correct verbal presence. So then I like to have the visual, corporeal and verbal presence all together.
ATP: One of the themes that you tackle in this performance is vision (and it's opposite, blindness) and the power linked to it. Also, In your previous performance you focused on richness. It should be more appropriate to say that you challenge the social taboos? In which way do you investigate them?
ATP: I'm really curious about the link in between your performative research and your artworks on paper. I think about, for instance, your artworks exhibited in your show at Guido Costa in Turin.
Answer: My recent drawings are very very close cousins of my performances. Their subjects are the same, though they are treated more abstractly. These drawings depict difficulties that are both emotional and psychological. Often, it is very easy to see what you are looking at in the drawings because it is very highly rendered. But, that fact does not aid you in understanding what you are seeing. Even though you DO feel something distinctly, its name is difficult to "put into words". Their subject is sadness, tension, loss, inability. These "EASY DRAWINGS" are abstract in the sense that I don't depicted a clear member of a society, for example, a rich man or a blind man. In the past I have done this, and I liked that work too. Those pieces were not just close cousins but really were the same thing as my perfomances.
ATP: "And where are all the people?", like other performances, is developed from your experience as an individual. How do you elaborate your experience in the performances that you present?
TJ: The answer to this is almost identical to the answer to the question concerning social taboos. I use myself as a field of research, my responses to phenomena in my life, but also in society, can be analyzed and examined and can lead to conclusions that can be generalized or left. I present myself as an example.
You, yourself, give yourself clues in continuation about what a fruitful direction to follow could be. This process is not very special. It is probably very similar to what some authors do. Of course, this looking-at-oneself must be balanced by a lot of not-looking-at-yourself.
ATP: Are there some authors or artists from which you took inspiration for your performances? Especially for "And where are all the people?" who were they?
TJ: The most important book for "And where are all the people" is Figures in a Spare Landscape, Serving in the twilight of empire, Bornu Province, Nigeria, 1959-60 by Peter Haring Judd. This is the memoir and assessment of my friend Peter Judd's time working in Nigeria shortly before Nigerian independence. He was working for the British colonial administration, in particular with organizing voting procedures and education.
I have also been recently reading, with an extremely disciplined and intelligent private student, Nietzche's Beyond Good and Evil. It is super pleasurable, a marvel of auto-gratification and insight (also for the reader) . However, it also has an elitism so complete that not even it's mind-boggling generosity can fully redeem it.
Robert Massie's Peter the Great is a very well-known biography of the emperor. This book was in the bookshelf at the head of the bed that I always slept in when I visited Peter Judd. So, as I would fall asleep at Peter's house I would read about Peter the Great.
Albrecht Durer's Melencolia is an artwork that continues to influence all my work.


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Grieving relatives left waiting for answers after man found dead on kitchen floor of Stoke-on-Trent flat
An inquest has now been opened and adjourned into Lee Simcock's death
Rob Andrews
King William Street, Tunstall
The grieving relatives of a 43-year-old man found dead on his kitchen floor are still waiting to find out what caused his death.
Lee Simcock was pronounced dead by paramedics after his concerned friends raised the alarm on Friday, November 22.
He had last been seen by his friends at 9pm the previous night.
Now an inquest has been opened and adjourned into Lee's death at North Staffordshire Coroner's Court.
North Staffordshire assistant coroner Sarah Murphy said: "His friends looked through the window and saw he was on the kitchen floor. An ambulance was called. He very sadly died. We do not have a cause of death."
Paramedics were called to the flat on King William Street, Tunstall, at 6.32pm on November 22.
A West Midlands Ambulance Service spokesman said: "One ambulance attended and sadly one man was confirmed deceased at the scene."
West Midlands Ambulance Service
Stoke-on-Trent NewsLucky Stokies celebrate £1,000 win on People's Postcode LotteryThere have been 24 winners in Stoke-on-Trent this week


The elections that were due in January are now scheduled for 30 November, but the old bugbears that caused the delay have still not been laid to rest, a year after the Ouagadougou peace agreement between President Laurent Gbagbo and the rebel leader Guillaume Soro. The sticking points are the issues of identification and disarmament. The men who lead Côte d'Ivoire claim that everything is in order, but just beneath the surface lie potholes that could bump the belligerents off the road to peace.


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Home Comics Analysis: New Comic Book Day is cancelled…for now
Photo by Taimur Dar.
Analysis: New Comic Book Day is cancelled…for now
The coronavirus and a dire month for comics.
Zack Quaintance
New Comic Book Day — the weekly release of dozens of comics that happens each Wednesday, barring holiday or occasional natural disaster (and even then) — is cancelled, and will stay cancelled for the foreseeable future.
Yes, almost no new comics were available last Wednesday and few are available today, neither through local retailers nor digital platforms online, marking the first time many readers have experienced such a drought. This came to pass somewhat suddenly too, with days of slow-breaking industry news pushing it to fruition. As such, the decades-long continuing narratives of ubiquitous American icons have been paused with little warning — Spider-Man, Superman, Batman, and so on — speaking to just how thoroughly life in this country has now been upended by the coronavirus pandemic.
There are, of course, far more serious and substantial lenses to view this tragedy through — the horrific news and numbers coming out of New York, for one — but for many of us the world over, weekly release of comic book stories is a tangible and direct barometer of the severity of the virus' toll.
To that end, today we're retracing what happened, why, and when, to cause the cessation of comics distribution, with an eye toward industry reaction and what might be coming next.
Why New Comic Book Day is Cancelled
The first disruption was the cons.
C2E2 in Chicago was the first major American show of the year, and it happened relatively unaltered. It could also end up the last show of the year (although everything from July on is still very much in play). Emerald City Comic Con, which was slated to take place two weeks after C2E2, didn't happen, and it's just been a cascade of cancelled or postponed cons ever since.
This escalation of measures taken in the wake of the coronavirus within comics — as well as the reactions of fans, pros, and industry types — is almost a direct mirror of how the United States has responded, writ large. In late February, comics people were still gathering in mass, joking about how we'd have to switch from handshakes to fistbumps when we saw old friends. Midway through March, we finally started postponing major events, with a dichotomy of commentary — this was both the right move and a massive disruption.
The second half of March, however, has been all escalation. As shelter in place orders have come down in major cities and across states, non-essential businesses have closed, and this (of course) includes local comic shops. Some have responded by offering curbside pick-up, others by shipping orders in the mail. But the fact is that in the most viable markets in the country, comics can't easily be sold.
Even amid the wave of shop shutterings, commerce seemed poised to continue for a few days, with publishers taking measures to support local shops, or publicize sales, or just basically ensure they could get by. This was the period from March 11 — the night the NBA shutdown and Tom Hanks announced he had it — to roughly two weeks after.
There was some talk of delaying upcoming titles, but for the most part, on March 18, new comic book day went off as usual. A flashpoint (sorry DC fans) came on March 23, when Diamond Comic Distribution — the lone distributor for North America — announced it would no longer be taking new orders to its warehouse from publishers, and so there would not be new books available for shops finding ways to continue operations.
This set-off a domino effect of release cancellations throughout the industry. Obviously, there would be no new paper comics (aside from the odd outlier). For many publishers, including number three Image, there is literally no other distribution mechanism for shipping product, not even to bookstores. Statements trickled out by the day, with publishers announcing they would not be releasing digital comics either.
The ominous indefinite cancellation notice.
Eventually, all eyes landed on Marvel and DC, dual industry leaders (and it's not close), who wield more power than the rest combined. Rumors and behind-the-scenes reporting abounded, ranging from confirmations of continuing digital product by sales reps in forums to the notion that both publishers were exploring alternate distribution channels.
Still, between Diamond's initial announcement on March 23 and March 29, neither of the Big 2 made an official announcement of any substance, leading to six days of guesses and speculation.
Could Marvel and DC Have Published Digital Comics?
In short, yes, but that call was not simple.
Complicating the choice around whether to move forward with digital product was the companies' relationships with the network of small business retailers that have sold their product exclusively for many years (basically my entire life) in the direct market. Tension between comic shop owners and publishers has long existed around digital comics, with shop owners collectively viewing digital comic books as a threat to their livelihoods, by and large.
This tension has kept prices for digital comic books — which for obvious reasons have less production cost — at near the same level as their physical counterparts. Retailers do not want that medium to have a sizable advantage over the one they peddle. So, when Diamond announced it was essentially shutting down, conducting business as usual with digital books was a fraught decision. Retailers were already down, and — never ones to respond holistically well to wide-spanning change — the tenor of discussion among them online was heavy with fear and desperation.
It appears from industry sources that some at both DC and Marvel seriously considered going ahead with digital releases. But the retailer reaction convinced them that it would not be in their best interest. And so New Comic Book Day ended for the near future.
There was perhaps an opportunity for comic books to dominate a stalled entertainment market amid the pandemic, with audiences homebound as the country attempted to stem the rise of the virus. Film and television production had stopped, all sports were cancelled, and even most late-night talk shows were off the air, resorting to gimmicky broadcasts of iPhone footage shot in hosts' houses. Continuing to publish digitally could have positioned comics as one of the few chances to experience new media (alongside video games and wrestling), while ensuring that some money was potentially still flowing, available to be paid to freelance creators or whoever else.
By the same token, however, the fear was readers who normally bought physical comics would not buy them if they already read them online, devaluing product local shop owners would badly need to sell to get back on their feet whenever a semblance of normalcy returned to the country (and there's still no clear idea of when that will be). If the shop owners couldn't return, it was entirely possible that selling weeks of new books online would diminish sales long-term, as would frayed relationships with the retailers responsible for ordering from Marvel and DC.
So, a standoff ensued. Really, it only lasted days, a short enough time one could count it on their hands, but the chaos of the world and the desire to have answers made it seem far longer. It went through a weekend with info evolving almost by the hour. Clarity finally arrived early the morning of March 30.
In the end, first DC and then Marvel announced no new digital comics would be published today. So, Diamond shipped its last Wednesday comics on March 25, and here we sit, unsure how long comics will be on pause.
When Will New Comic Book Day Return?
Perhaps the hardest part of missing new comic book day is the uncertainty. There are a lot of questions surrounding society in the wake of this 100-year pandemic.
Among these questions are plenty within comics: how many stores will have to close? How many publishers will have to reduce or stop operations? Will Diamond return to business? Will Diamond remain the sole avenue for comic book distribution? Will a closer relationship take hold between digital and print comic book sales?
The tenor of discourse among readers, creators, and retailers now is largely one of doom (more so than usual, even), with all of comics finding new ways to say the same things and ask the same questions. Yes, this is very bad for many people. Yes, this might also present a chance for innovation. No, we don't have so much as an inkling to what the comics business will look like when it returns. Yes, people will always be driven to make stories that combine words with pictures, and other people will always be compelled to buy and collect and love them.
There's an old saying I've heard too many times to count during all of this — never waste a good crisis. There's a joke to be made about DC here (and another to be made about how king of the crises Dan DiDio sort of dodged a train we didn't even see coming), but I won't make it. Instead, I'll share a silver lining, as saccharine and solipsistic as it may be.
We're all at home now, writing and reading and drawing and immersing ourselves in the art. And isn't finding the time and drive to do that the harder part? It'll take weeks and months and maybe years to sort out how our stories can be monetized anew amid an inevitable global recession, but those stories will be waiting and good comics have a way of living on.
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Zack Quaintance is a tech reporter by day and freelance writer by night/weekend. He Tweets compulsively about storytelling and comics as Comics Bookcase.
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Brian Hibbs 04/08/2020 6:38 pm At 6:38 pm
I strongly think you misunderstand the MAIN "complaint" about Digital First: how can print get "caught up" if there are 6-20 weeks of product "in the gap"? How can stores process this amount of material? How could customers possibly pay for it? Under what terms are they being bought (DC promised full returnability), and does ANY of that make any financial sense for stores or publishers? Those are real, math- and process-driven questions that are far FAR larger than "losing customers" (though that is a small concern over the long haul as well)
allstarmatches 04/09/2020 10:01 am At 10:01 am
If it's 6 weeks of material, slightly accelerate print and slow digital down until it's caught up. It doesn't have to all be done at once, do it a pace the infrastructure can manage. Hopefully it's not 20 weeks of material, because if that's the case the vast majority of stores have probably gone out of business.
Moot point I guess because it appears the publishers are content to pause new material for now.
Cary Coatney 04/10/2020 11:27 am At 11:27 am
Isn't there a way that the industry as a whole can implement a print on demand service?
Customer (for those who are still working – like me) goes to comic shop store website, order what he likes to read.
Comic stores then e-mail their orders from loyal customers.
Diamond tells publishers to just print just THESE number of copies for READERS.
Get rid of the stupid variant covers.
Diamond receive books from publishers and ships them off to comic book stores.
Comic book store owner then takes shipment home and ships customers order from comfort of home and charges all loyal customers shipping fees.
Everyone happy, except for money grubbing gougers in collector markets.
World safe and fun again.
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Jose Mourinho can have no excuses if he fails to win title, this is his Manchester United team - ROBBIE SAVAGE
The Portuguese has now assembled his own squad and must deliver a trophy and a top two finish at least
Manchester United are Robbie Savage's tip for the title (Image: OLI SCARFF/AFP/Getty Images)
Whoever finishes above Manchester United will win the title.
The spirit of Fergie is back. The aura is back. Zlatan Ibrahimovic is back. And Jose Mourinho's two biggest signings of the summer, Romelu Lukaku and Nemanja Matic, have been sensational in their first games.
I cannot understand the negativity of United fans who call Six-0-Six after back-to-back 4-0 wins and say, "Yes, but it was only West Ham and Swansea."
Sorry, but I seem to recall United dropping points at home to both those yeams last season. I don't think they will be shelling another 25 points at Old Trafford this time.
In this column, I've always tried to call it as I see it, whether it was sticking my neck out to say Ryan Giggs should have taken over from David Moyes or that Louis van Gaal's football was boring.
Pogba and Lukaku mean business this season (Image: Rex Features)
Romelu Lukaku says former Arsenal star Thierry Henry "is the best thing that has happened to me"
You can't please all United fans by being opinionated – otherwise they turn round and accuse you of being bitter and a Class of '92 reject.
But I'll stand by my prediction that Mourinho is going to win his fourth Premier League crown this season – but he has no excuses now.
This is his United team. Anything less than a trophy and a top-two finish would be a failure with the squad he's put together.
United should progress comfortably from their Champions League group, they have a home draw against Burton in the Carabao Cup and they have made a flying start on the title front.
Lukaku has looked majestic, Paul Pogba has looked like the world's most expensive player 12 months ago and Matic has been superb.
And best of all, the football is good to watch again – the best since Sir Alex Ferguson was in charge.
United ripped West Ham to shreds, and they may have been efficient rather than startling for 75 minutes at Swansea, but the way they plundered three goals in as many minutes – bang, bang, bang – demonstrated the ruthless streak of potential champions.
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Dull, functional, organised? Don't give me any of that nonsense. They look powerful, energetic, dynamic, exciting.
If you play a high defensive line, or you throw caution to the wind, at Old Trafford, Mourinho now has the pace up front to destroy you.
Lukaku, Marcus Rashford and Anthony Martial are going to frighten teams to death.
For me, the only slight chink in United's armour is perhaps on the left side of their defence, where they may be one card short of a full deck.
Daley Blind has performed admirably so far, but I'm not 100 per cent sold on Chris Smalling, Phil Jones or new signing Victor Lindelof, who will need time to settle.
Maybe one more left-sided centre-half or full-back would complete the jigsaw puzzle.
But from what I've seen in the first two weeks of the campaign, the fear factor has returned.
Visiting teams are going to pitch up at Old Trafford this season and wonder how they can stop Manchester United instead of fancying their chances.
Will Manchester United win the title this season?
72000+ VOTES SO FAR
Jonjo Shelvey
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Those of us working on children's issues know that investing in high-quality early learning for young children pays off over the long run, with better academic performance in school, increased rates of employment, and decreased involvement with crime. Less well known are the impressive short-term benefits of early learning for the local economy.
For every $1 invested in early care and education in Illinois, an additional 94 cents are generated, for a total of $1.94 in new economic activity in the state. This strong economic boost for local businesses is higher than investments in other major sectors such as transportation, retail trade and manufacturing. This strong economic boost for local businesses is higher than investments in other major sectors such as manufacturing ($1.79), transportation ($1.91) and retail trade ($1.93).
While investments in any industry generate additional economic activity, what's impressive here is that the early learning sector has one of the highest "multiplier effects" in the local economy compared to other major sectors. Although the figures cited here are specific to Illinois, the same general pattern holds true across the country, with the early learning sector at or near the top compared to other major sectors.
Early learning promotes economic development. Not only does it help kids get the right start in life, it generates additional economic activity in the local economy which benefits businesses and our communities. When policymakers are faced with tough budget choices, its good to know that early learning is an investment that can help children learn, help parents work and help grow the economy.
The press release for the report.


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Q: All Solutions to $ \frac{dy}{dx} = (y-1)e^x $ $ \frac{dy}{dx} = (y-1)e^x $
a) Find all solutions to the above differential equation
b) Find the solution of the differential equation above that satisfies $y(0) = 5 $
c) Find the solution of the differential equation above that satisfies $y(0) =1 $
Here is what I have done:
a) $\int \frac{dy}{y-1} = \int e^x dx $
$ln|y-1| = e^x + C$
$y= Ce^{e^x} +1 $
Does the above cover all cases for the absolute value?
The division by zero case:
When $(y-1) = 0 \implies (y-1)e^x = 0 \implies (y-1) = 0 \implies y=1 $
b) $5= Ce^{e^0} + 1 \implies \frac{4}{e} = C \implies y = \frac{4}{e}e^{e^x} + 1 $
c) $ 1= Ce^{e^0} + 1 \implies C=0 \implies y = 1 $
Does this work look alright?

A: Although $\ln\left(\left|y-1\right|\right)=e^x+C$ implies $y-1=\pm e^{e^{x}+C}$, both solutions can be represented as $y=1+C'e^{e^{x}}$, where $C'$ can be positive or negative. So you are right that $y=1+C'e^{e^{x}}$ covers all the cases for absolute value.


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Book Review: The Women in the Castle
August 5, 2017 · by Anne Caroline Drake · in Book Review. ·
How did Hitler manage to con millions of Germans? This question has plagued me for over six decades and is echoed in my current bewilderment with Trump supporters. I found the answers in Jessica Shattuck's brilliantly researched and written The Women in the Castle. Before she picked up her pen to write the book, she interviewed scores of German survivors of World War II. The book is about a trio of war widows. Ania Grabarek was married to a Nazi. Marianne von Lingenfels and Benita Fledermann's husbands were part of the resistance movement. They were hanged after their plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler failed.
A Bavarian castle
Marianne is an intellectual feminist. Her late husband Albrecht's family owned a decaying castle, Burg Lingenfels, in Germany. She promised him that she would protect and shelter the wives and children of his resistance movement compatriots. The story starts at a harvest party hosted by the eccentric, elderly Countess von Lingenfels on November 9, 1938. Martin Constantine (Connie) Fledermann was one of the guests, and his pregnant, peasant fiance Benita made her debut at the party. Marianne was jealous and took an instant dislike.
After hearing the news of Kristallnacht, the men decamped to Albrecht's study. Connie was enraged:
If we don't work actively to defeat Hitler, it will only get worse. This man ~ this zealot who calls himself our leader ~ will ruin everything we have achieved as a united nation.
. . .We must find ways to work against him. Not only to bring the attention of the world to his ugly aspirations, but to take action ourselves. If we sit by and judge from behind the safety of our desks, we will have only ourselves to blame. So I suggest we commit to active resistance from this day forward. To trying to steer our country from Hitler's destructive path.
Lingenfels, Germany
You are appointed the commander of wives and children.
She knew [Connie] didn't mean to belittle her, but
it smarted like a slap.
Jessica Shattuck, The Women in the Castle
Benita's son was named for his father. The SS took the boy to the Children's Home in Thuringia and changed his name to Martin Schmidt. He and Liesel Stravitsky were the last two children to be claimed from the home after the war ended. On the trip to Berlin, Marianne told young Martin that his father had been hanged. She didn't tell him it was from a meat hook. Marianne found Benita living with a Russian soldier in Berlin.
When they returned to Burg Lingenfels, U.S. Lt. Peterman helped Marianne locate the wives and children of the resisters. He brought Franz Muller, a Nazi prisoner of war, to the castle to work as slave labor.
Altenstein Castle in Thuringia, Germany
Lt. Peterman located Ania Grabarek and her sons. Marianne didn't recognize the name, and presumed Ania's husband Pietre was a member of the resistance. Marianne rescued them from the Tollingen Displaced Persons Camp and brought them to the castle. Fortunately, Ania was a good and resourceful cook. She wasn't, however, honest about her true identity or past.
Life at the castle was grim. There wasn't enough food to eat, no running water or heat, and most of the rooms were not habitable. It became dire when Russian soldiers descended on the castle. After the starving soldiers ate the soup Ania prepared, they demanded meat. They had seen Gilda, an ancient horse owned by the neighboring farmer Carsten Kellerman, and wanted to eat her. The description of the final moments of Gilda's life is horrific. The terrified women and children spent the night in the castle's cellar while the soldiers got drunk on schnapps.
Frühlinghausen, Germany was Benita's hometown
You did what you had to do to survive.
The next morning Benita heard Franz' ax chopping wood and rushed to warn him about the Russian soldiers. She was too late. When the soldier called her a whore:
Benita felt something inside her explode and this man, advancing on her now, became not just the prisoner who had reached Herr Muller before she could, but every other man who had ever called her a whore. Every man who had ever pummeled and beaten and clawed his way into her with stinking breath and rancid sweat and rage about things for which her body had no responsibility. . .She was nothing but a lump of flesh to be tossed between fighting dogs. She was half-dead already, torn up, chewed on, spat out. This was how he saw her. She could see it in his eyes.
. . .With a torrent of fury sweeping through her veins, she reached into her pocket for the knife.
Yep. She killed him. Franz buried him. The Russians left, and Franz was sent to a POW camp. On Christmas Eve, 1945, the boys went to the camp to see him. Martin gave Franz half of a candy bar and a tin of cheese. Ania's son asked him if he knew a prisoner named Brandt.
Jewish prisoners at Warthegau, Germany where Rainer Brandt was assigned to lead a lager
Hitler had duped them all with his promises of
cars and jobs and self-respect.
Connie had been right to hate him from the start.
-Jesica Shattuck, The Women in the Castle
Five years later, Benita and Marianne were living in a flat in Tollingen. Ania married Carsten Kellerman so that her sons could inherit his farm. And, Benita was sneaking off to Momsen to see her lover Franz Muller. He had reunited with his father and his daughter Clotilde, and he used his carpentry skills to make coffins.
Ania got pregnant and received a letter from Rainer Brandt, her Nazi husband who had been reported as missing and presumed dead. The next month the gravely ill Rainer came to the Kellerman farm. Her sons carried him to the castle and brought him food. A month later, Ania gave birth to a baby girl. Benita named her Marianne. Before Rainer died a couple of months later, the elder Marianne discovered Ania's betrayal.
Dortmund, Germany was Ania's hometown
Ania's father was a doctor. Rainer's father was a bricklayer and a patient of Doktor Fortzmann. Ania and Rainer fell for Hitler's "strength though joy" pitch and joined the Nazi party. The couple eloped at city hall and were assigned to lead a lager, a troop of Nazi boys. Six years later, Rainer was called to the front, was wounded in battle, and was discharged from the military. He was assigned to Warthegau where Ania could no longer ignore the horrors of Nazi Germany. She packed up her sons and a few meager belongings, became a displaced person, and changed her name to Mrs. Pietre Grabarek.
Deer Isle, Maine became Marianne's home
Marianne and her daughters ultimately immigrated to the United States. Martin became a professor at an American university. Mary Kellerman became an attorney and bought a Victorian house in Cambridge, Massachusetts after her divorce. Ania visited her daughter there. The Kellerman farm couldn't compete with corporate farms in Germany, and it was sold.
The castle was given to the Falkenberg Institute and renovated. In 1991, the widows and children reunited at the castle for the launch of a biography about Marianne. Early in the morning, Ania sat outside the castle and reflected on her life:
Germany has become the agricultural wonder Hitler always imagined, every meter planted with crops or windmills or endless flats of solar panels that stretch out alongside the highways. No scrap of wasted space. Even the patches of woods serve as sound barriers to shield towns against the roar of the autobahn, or screens to mask gravel mines or irrigation.
. . .These woods are where she and her boys buried Rainer. . .Ania felt nothing but relief. He was no longer her husband but her secret, a man who had made the wrong choice at every turn. And she had made her own bad choice in him. He was the second great mistake of her life. Her first was believing in Hitler. . .
Hitler always said there were too many people on earth. Too many people in Germany ~ such a small country, so many people. . .But then of course it turned out his answer to this was not a solution, but a symptom of the disease. He was the rat in the maze that begins to eat the others. . .
I did so many things wrong. I lived my life wrong. . .This is what Ania will pay for: not only her inaction, but her self-deception, for narrating away evil while staring it in the face.
Lake Constance, Germany where Ania spent her final years
Marianne shared her own regrets at the book launch:
You would think from this introduction that I must be a very wonderful person. And that I must have answers and secrets of how to be good and. . .how to see evil and resist it. . .
I see, most of all, my own blind spots. . .
How grateful she had been to have Ania beside her ~ a fellow adult and human being, connected not through allegiance to any group or party or particular way of thinking but through the next hours, the next day, and the one afterward, and through their shared determination to keep their children safe.
It is the great regret of her life that she lost this ~ no, that she forsook it. And that she lost Benita too ~ her sweet, flawed friend, fellow widow and human being, whom Marianne can see now that she. . .betrayed.
After a farewell breakfast at the castle, Martin visited his childhood friend Liesel in Hamburg. She is divorced with two grown children. Meanwhile, Clotilde Muller, who became a gardener and never married, tended the grave of the Russian soldier buried in the castle woods: Fyodor Ivanov.
Castle Burglengfeld might have been the author's inspiration for the castle in the book.
The Women in the Castle is the most powerful book I've read in a very long time. The reflections of Marianne and Ania illuminated my own blindspots and mirrored the political divide in the U.S. My hope is that the book will inspire readers to ponder how we might collectively bridge the divide.
Tags: activist, Adolf Hitler, Bavarian castles, Book Review, books, domestic violence, Donald Trump, emPOWERment, historical fiction, Jessica Shattuck, Nazi Germany, photos, sexual abuse, The Women in the Castle, World War II
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Biografia

Monaco cistercense
Molto probabilmente Arnaldo era di origine catalana, in quanto fu dapprima abate del monastero di Santa Maria di Poblet, che si trovava nel regno d'Aragona, nella Conca de Barberà, ad ovest di Barcellona.

Dopo essere divenuto abate dell'abbazia francese di Bouillac, divenne nel 1200 superiore di tutto l'ordine cistercense, con la nomina ad abate di Cîteaux. Il chierico Guglielmo di Tudela citò Arnaldo nella Chanson de la Croisade, dicendo che fu un brav'uomo, un ottimo abate che Dio destinò a guidare l'ordine cistercense e poi questo sant'uomo si recò con altri confratelli nella terra dell'eresia, dove si comportò molto bene a convertirli.

Legato papale
All'inizio del XIII secolo, papa Innocenzo III cercò di estirpare l'eresia attraverso gruppi di missionari cistercensi, guidati da Pietro di Castelnuovo, coadiuvato dal suo superiore, Arnaldo.

Accortosi che i missionari non ottenevano il risultato sperato, Innocenzo III, su suggerimento di Arnaud Amaury alla fine del 1204 invitò i suoi legati a fare pressione sui vari signori locali affinché gli eretici fossero espulsi da tutti i loro territori, mentre ai legati fu concessa l'autorità di deporre gli ecclesiastici sospetti (cosa che riuscirono a fare tra il 1204 ed il 1206).Impresa più ardua invece si dimostrò fare rispettare il provvedimento di espulsione ai signori, in modo particolare al conte di Tolosa, Raimondo VI.

Nel gennaio del 1208, però, Pietro di Castelnuovo venne assassinato da sconosciuti e Arnaud Amaury, molto abilmente, fece ricadere la colpa sul conte di Tolosa, Raimondo VI.

Responsabile della crociata
Dopo la morte di Pietro, Innocenzo III scomunicò il conte di Tolosa e predicò la crociata, a cui fu messo a capo Arnaud Amaury, il quale nella tarda primavera del 1209, partendo da Lione in direzione della Valle del Rodano, iniziò a marciare verso la Linguadoca. Dopo Montpellier, il visconte di Béziers e Carcassonne, Raimondo Ruggero Trencavel, cercò la via delle trattative che però gli venne negata da Arnaldo, che si diresse su Béziers, dove il 22 luglio 1209 vennero massacrate alcune migliaia di persone fra cui donne e bambini, in quanto Catari, e anche i cattolici, che erano la maggioranza dei cittadini.

È divenuta leggendaria la risposta che in quell'occasione Arnaud Amaury avrebbe rivolto a un soldato che gli chiedeva come poter distinguere nell'azione gli eretici dagli altri: "uccideteli tutti, Dio riconoscerà i suoi". L'autenticità di tale frase, però, è messa in dubbio in quanto non risulta in nessuna delle pur numerose cronache degli eventi; si trova invece in forma leggermente diversa («Cedite eos. Novit enim Deus qui ejus sunt» e cioè "Uccideteli. Dio infatti conosce coloro che sono suoi") e introdotta da un prudenziale "«fertur dixisse» ("si dice") nel Dialogus Miraculorum, il Libro dei Miracoli, scritto fra 10 e 14 anni dopo gli avvenimenti dal monaco tedesco Cesario di Heisterbach.

La notizia del massacro di Béziers si diffuse rapidamente mettendo in allerta tutte le restanti comunità catare ed alcune città, come Narbonne, si arresero. Il successivo obiettivo dei crociati fu la città di Carcassonne, assediata il 1º agosto 1209 e privata di ogni risorsa idrica il 7 agosto. Raimondo Ruggero Trencavel cercò nuovamente di trattare ma venne fatto prigioniero da Arnaldo e la città fu costretta ad arrendersi il 15 agosto. Questa volta i suoi abitanti vennero risparmiati, ma furono costretti a lasciare la città completamente nudi, secondo Pietro di les Vaux-de-Cernay, o solo con le braghe, secondo altre fonti.

Nel frattempo, nell'agosto 1209, dopo il rifiuto di Oddone, duca di Borgogna e conte di Nevers e Saint-Pol, Simone di Montfort fu nominato capitano generale dell'esercito crociato contro gli albigesi, affiancando Arnaldo nella guida della crociata.
Arnaldo si trovò in accordo con Simone, innanzitutto nello stabilire delle guarnigioni permanenti per mantenere il controllo della regione, convincendo i crociati a prolungare il periodo di permanenza nella regione. Dopo si premurarono di isolare il conte di Tolosa, Raimondo VI, e quindi di conquistare tutti i feudi sino al confine del suo territorio, costringerlo a qualche atto ostile e quindi procedere alla conquista della contea.
Il papa Innocenzo III cercò di evitare la conquista della contea, invitando i crociati ad andare a combattere contro i Mori di al-Andalus, ma la conquista fu portata comunque a termine, mentre in quello stesso anno (1212), Arnaldo venne nominato vescovo di Narbonne. In quella veste condusse un certo numero di Crociati nella penisola iberica, dove parteciparono, il 16 luglio del 1212, alla Battaglia di Las Navas de Tolosa, nella quale i Mori di al-Andalus furono sconfitti dai re cristiani, tra cui il re d'Aragona, Pietro II; questi l'anno dopo dichiarò guerra a Simone di Montfort e ad Arnaldo, rientrato nel frattempo in Linguadoca, ed il 12 settembre 1213, nella battaglia di Muret, non solo venne sconfitto, ma perse anche la vita.

Il concilio lateranense e la fine della crociata
Arnaldo ebbe un unico contrasto con Simone e riguardò il ducato di Narbona, che pensava di poter ottenere dopo esserne stato nominato vescovo, ma si dovette scontrare con Simone che aveva la stessa ambizione. Al Concilio laterano, dove fu decisa la sorte dei territori e dei feudi della Linguadoca, il ducato fu assegnato a Simone di Montfort e Arnaldo si dovette rassegnare.Dopo la morte di Simone, nel 1218, a capo militare gli succedette il giovane figlio, Amalrico, che, nonostante l'aiuto di Arnaldo non si dimostrò un avversario all'altezza del conte di Tolosa, Raimondo VI.Il fronte crociato cominciò a sfaldarsi e in pochi anni, tra il 1221 ed il 1223, quasi tutti i territori conquistati furono perduti e molti cattolici furono costretti all'esilio.

Arnaldo morì nell'abbazia di Sainte-Marie de Fontfroide a Narbona nel 1225 e fu inumato nell'abbazia cistercense di Cîteaux.

Note

Bibliografia
 E. F. Jacob, Innocenzo III, in «Storia del mondo medievale», vol. V, 1999, pp. 5–53
 A. S. Tuberville, Le eresie e l'Inquisizione nel Medioevo: 1000-1305 ca., in «Storia del mondo medievale», vol. V, 1999, pp. 568–598
 Rafael Altamira, La Spagna (1031-1248), in «Storia del mondo medievale», vol. V, 1999, pp. 865–896
 Marco Meschini, L'eretica. Storia della crociata contro gli Albigesi, Laterza, 2010, p. 116.

Voci correlate
 Castelli catari
 Catarismo
 Simone IV di Montfort
 Raimondo VII di Tolosa
 Crociata albigese

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Arcivescovi di Narbona
Cistercensi
Persone delle crociate


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Florida Research & Innovation Center
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The Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center is dedicated to the discovery and advancement of innovative translational research focused on infectious diseases and immuno-oncology. The Center spans approximately 100,000 sq. ft of dedicated research and support spaces, including state-of-the-art shared resource facilities in flow cytometry, imaging and bioinformatics.
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Bioinformatics Services provides access to various software platforms, pipeline development and information systems to analyze complex data sets.
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The Flow Cytometry Core provides state-of-the-art instrumentation and technical support. The principal assets of the core consist of analytical equipment and cell sorting capabilities.
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The Imaging Core provides access to advanced imaging technologies, including wide-field and confocal fluorescent microscopes, FLIM capability, live-cell imaging microscopes and pre-clinical imaging microscopes.
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FL-BioR has approximately 800 sq ft of operational space in the Florida Research and Innovation Center. Each facility is equipped with dedicated anterooms Class II A2 biosafety cabinets with HEPA filtered exhaust, Countess automated cell counters, and space to prepare collection and processing kits for sample collection and processing and freezer storage spaces.
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No need to cross-examine Najib, say his lawyers
KUALA LUMPUR: Lawyers for Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak have said there is no need to cross-examine him in the civil suit filed by former Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad and two others against the Prime Minister.
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KUCHING: Barisan Nasional's landslide win in Sarawak was due its continued strength in its rural heartlands as well as an urban swing, said Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak.
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KUCHING: This will be a record-breaking Sarawak election in many ways for Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak.
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MALACCA: Loyalty and devotion as shown by former deputy prime minister Tun Abdul Ghafar Baba should be cherished and emulated by Umno members, said party president Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak.
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PETALING JAYA: Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad has unleashed a scathing attack against Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, saying that the Prime Minister broke his promise to build a crooked bridge between Johor Baru and Singapore.


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, född 26 januari 1971 i Oita prefektur, är en japansk fotbollsspelare.

Nagai började sin karriär 1992 i Verdy Kawasaki (Tokyo Verdy). Med Verdy Kawasaki vann han japanska ligan 1993, 1994 och japanska ligacupen 1992, 1993, 1994. 1995 blev han utlånad till Fukuoka Blux. 1996 blev han utlånad till Shimizu S-Pulse. Med Shimizu S-Pulse vann han japanska ligacupen 1996. 1998 flyttade han till Yokohama Flügels. Med Yokohama Flügels vann han japanska cupen 1998. Efter Yokohama Flügels spelade han för Yokohama F. Marinos, Tokyo Verdy, Oita Trinita och FC Ryukyu. Han avslutade karriären 2016.

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The California Court System is broken up into 3 branches: The Superior Courts, the Appellate Courts; and the Supreme Court.
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