text:
Joe Rogan Rips Justin Trudeau, Canada, NYC, Covid-19 Precautions, Despite BA.5
Podcaster Joe Rogan called Canada "communist" and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (pictured … [+] here) a "dictator" and mocked Canada's Covid-19 vaccination requirements. (Photo by Chris Jackson/Getty Images)
Joe Rogan is at it again, talking about Covid-19 once more on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast on Spotify. This time it was during a discussion with his guest, comedian Tom Segura, on Thursday. Rogan took aim Northwards, calling Canada "communist" and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau a "dictator" and mocking Canada's Covid-19 vaccination requirements. Rogan also took a bite out of the Big Apple, criticizing New York City folks for still wearing face masks in indoor public locations. Meanwhile, Covid-19 cases and deaths have been increasing in both the U.S. and Canada, fueled by the spread of BA.5 Omicron subvariant of the Covid-19 coronavirus. Both the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Canada have been recommending that people wear face masks while in public indoor locations.
Yet, it looks like Rogan, as you can see in the video posted in Kipp Jones's article for Mediaite, clearly didn't agree with these two national public health organization. Is Rogan a public health expert, a medical doctor, or some other kind of scientist? Umm, not exactly. Remember Rogan is someone who said just last year, "I'm not a doctor, I'm a bleeping moron," and "I'm not a respected source of information, even for me," as I indicated previously for Forbes. Last I checked, "bleeping moron" is not a medical specialty. Musical artists have asked Spotify to reign in Rogan's Covid-19 comments that have gone against established scientific evidence, including James Blunt providing the horrifying threat that he would release new music if Spotify didn't do anything.
However, Rogan did not repeat any of these "bleeping moron" disclaimers on Thursday's episode of his podcast before the segment where he once again talked about Covid-19 precautions. Rogan began the segment by mentioning what his opinion about Trudeau was before the pandemic started: "I just liked him. I liked him before the pandemic. I was like he's a handsome guy. Seems sweet. You know, good looking guy, confident, good talker." That's nice. While "handsome", "sweet", and "good looking" may be what you look for when selecting a Tinder date, it may not be the best criteria to assess a country leader, especially during a public health emergency like the pandemic.
Joe Rogan called face mask wearing in New York City "bizarre" even though Covid-19 cases have … [+] continued to rise. (Photo by Jeff Bottari/Zuffa LLC)
Zuffa LLC
Apparently Trudeau's being a "handsome guy" wasn't enough to prevent Rogan from eventually swiping the other direction. Rogan continued with, "And during the pandemic, I'm like 'Oh, you're a [naughty word] dictator. Oh, you don't like criticism. You're trying to shut down criticism by saying all your critics are misogynists and racists." If you are wondering when Canada had…
Read More: Joe Rogan Rips Justin Trudeau, Canada, NYC, Covid-19 Precautions, Despite BA.5
BA5CanadaCovid19JoeJustinNYCPrecautionsrips
High inflation result of Erdoğan's mistakes, ex-AKP heavyweight says
UK leadership race turns Conservative Party colleagues into rivals
Ottawa failed to spend $38B on promised programs, services last year – National
Furor in Alberta over Ottawa's Just Transition plan shows chasm of mistrust
Here's what premiers are saying about a health deal with Trudeau
Japan and Canada vow to boost security ties with eye on China
Biden Visits Migrant Services Center In El Paso | U.S.-Mexico Border News Live |
Pramukh Swami left a mark in Canada: Trudeau
EDITORIAL: Trudeau's EV sales quotas are unrealistic
Trudeau giving Quebec a special deal on carbon taxes • Troy Media
As recession fears grow for 2023, Trudeau warns: 'It's going to be a tough year'
Trudeau says Canada is fortunate to be a 'country of peace' in Christmas…


text:
David Lacquement Joins SAIC's Cybersecurity Team
Published Wed, Oct 10 20124:05 PM EDT
MCLEAN, Va., Oct. 10, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) (NYSE: SAI) today announced that retired Army Major General David Lacquement has joined the company's Cybersecurity Business Unit (CSBU) as Program Development Director and Senior Vice President, effective October 1. Lacquement will support the organization as it rapidly expands its offerings to both government and commercial enterprises to combat industrial espionage, ensure the continuity of mission operations, and respond to digital forensics investigations.
SAIC's CSBU helps clients manage the increasing risks associated with operating in the digital domain. Its trusted hardware platforms host a variety of virtualized security applications allowing client enterprises to rapidly respond to emerging threats identified through its threat operations and deployed forensics teams. The business unit delivers adaptive solutions to protect critical networks around the globe from cyber attacks with proven solutions that provide real- time situational awareness to enterprise operators. As SAIC continues to build its cybersecurity business and bridge the gap between government and commercial cybersecurity initiatives, Lacquement's unique expertise will drive the CSBU mission to help secure the commercial critical infrastructure of the U.S. and allied nations.
Lacquement has more than 30 years of experience in military and interagency leadership expertise in building and deploying innovative operational solutions in intelligence and cyber operations. Lacquement most recently served as Director of Operations for the United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM), where he led the complex operational establishment of USCYBERCOM. He also served as Commander of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command; Director of Intelligence for the Multi-National Forces Iraq; and the Director of Intelligence for the U.S. Southern Command.
Lacquement earned a Master of Science in National Security Strategy from the National Defense University; a Master of Science in Military Art/Science from the U.S. Army Command and Staff College; a Master of Science in Strategic Intelligence at the Joint Military Intelligence College; and a Bachelor of Arts in History from Western Maryland College.
"David brings immeasurable experience, expertise and insight to our team and to SAIC," said Charles Beard, SAIC senior vice president and chief information and CSBU general manager. "His background and leadership will be invaluable as we execute our cybersecurity strategy and protect the nation's critical systems from cyber attacks."
About SAIC
SAIC is a FORTUNE 500® scientific, engineering, and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure, and health. The Company's approximately 40,000 employees serve customers in the U.S. Department of Defense, the intelligence community, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, other U.S. Government civil agencies and selected commercial markets. Headquartered in McLean, Va., SAIC had annual revenues of approximately $10.6 billion for its fiscal year ended January 31, 2012. For more information, visit http://www.saic.com/. SAIC: From Science to Solutions®
Statements in this announcement, other than historical data and information, constitute forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. A number of factors could cause our actual results, performance, achievements, or industry results to be very different from the results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Some of these factors include, but are not limited to, the risk factors set forth in SAIC's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended January 31, 2012, and other such filings that SAIC makes with the SEC from time to time. Due to such uncertainties and risks, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof.
Melissa Koskovich
Jennifer Gephart
Melissa.l.koskovich@saic.com
Jennifer.a.gephart@saic.com
SOURCE SAIC
Leidos Holdings Inc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pole dancing safety is important!!!! I cannot stress this enough since I have seen that some take it too lightly.
Accidents can happen even if all precautions are taken. Skin can be bruised (minor injury and to be somewhat expected when first starting to learn) and necks can be broken...a very unfortunate tragedy that has happened before in pole dancing studios.
Which is one more reason why you should thoroughly check out the studio you are about to take a class in! You can even ask if they have a pole dancing safety policy.
Things that should never happen in pole dancing lessons or practice!
Drinking alcohol; not even a half a glass of wine to calm your nerves. Alcohol impairs judgement and slows reactions...not a good combination for working out, much less for working out on a vertical steel pole! Strength, energy and concentration are needed!
Training with an injury. Take sufficient time to heal, rest and recover before you start up your training again.
Use a crash mat. The thicker the better when it comes to crash mats. These should absolutely be used for sure when starting to learn to invert. They are also helpful when practicing and you get tired. When you are sweaty and tired, you become more susceptible to slipping and falling.
Use a spotter. It is safer, in my opinion, to learn all of the basics in a class setting so that you have others around to help you to use proper technique and if you are learning to invert or climb, you have a spotter. If you are learning an inversion or aerial trick at home, ask someone to stand nearby and be ready to help you down. Sometimes when you are trying something for the first time, it can feel weird and you may not know how to come out of the move safely.
Keep a clean towel and a cleaning substance for your pole nearby. This can be rubbing alcohol, a pole dance cleaning cloth or even vodka in a spray bottle. This keeps sweat and oil build up on the pole to a minimum.
Use a grip aid. There are quite a few such as Dry Hands or Tite Grip to stop sweaty palms, vinyl gloves, powder solutions such as chalk or Mighty Grip.
Make sure that you have built your strength sufficiently to improve your grip and ability to hold your weight on the pole.
Flexibility training and a sufficient warm up will lessen your risks of pulling a 'cold' muscle, or muscles that have not been warmed up and joints not lubricated through prior movement.
Lessen bruising by following instructions on how to do new moves so that you have proper hand/foot/body placement and reduce your chances of burning your skin against the pole or bruising yourself unnecessarily. I bruised the tops of my feet when I first started learning to climb as I was throwing my foot against the pole to try and get some momentum to hoist myself up. This is improper technique!
Stay hydrated! Our bodies are 55-75% water and if you are thirsty, you are already starting to dehydrate! Carry a water bottle with you and keep it close in class.
Make sure your blood sugar levels are sufficient to work out. Eat a protein or power bar a half hour before class. Diabetic students be careful to carry a sugary snack with you and your instructor should know beforehand that you are diabetic in case of an emergency.
Be rested. It is important that your body is prepared for lots of activity and strenuous activity at some times. Pole dancing is a strength training workout that also involves elevated heart rates (cardiovascular work). I fell and injured my shoulder once because I was tired but still wanted to push through a workout that involved inversions. Not good!
Become CPR certified yourself or ask if your instructor is currently certified (they should be!).
What about my bruises and pole pains?
There are lots of ways to help lessen or treat bruised skin. Check out my page of tips here.
Pain from pole dancing is inevitable - your body is getting used to being in positions it has never normally been in and getting comfortable on a 2" diameter metal pole is NOT normal for the everyday woman. Check out my solutions for pole pain here!
By following these pole dancing safety instructions and taking lessons under the watchful eye of a certified instructor, you will greatly reduce your chances of becoming injured. There have been too many unfortunate accidents.


Winner of the 2015 Aspen Conducting Prize, London-born conductor George Jackson came to international attention after stepping in at short notice for Daniel Harding at the Philharmonie de Paris, conducting a programme featuring Ives' Fourth Symphony with Orchestre de Paris. Recent engagements include his company debut as Associate Conductor of Opera Holland Park (Così Fan Tutte) and a new production for Kammeroper Frankfurt (Pagliacci). Highlights in 2018-2019 include concerts with the Opéra Orchestre National Montpellier and the Opéra de Rouen Normandie, Magic Flute with Opera North and his company debut with Grange Park Opera and the Orchestra of ENO (Hansel and Gretel).
In 2017 he made his Hamburg State Opera debut, conducting the world premiere of Immer weiter by Irene Galindo Quero and Jesse Boekman. George has conducted, among others, the London Symphony Orchestra, the ORF Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, the Haydn Orchestra di Bolzano e Trento, the RTÉ Concert and Symphony Orchestras, the Vienna Chamber Orchestra, the Transylvania State Philharmonic Orchestra, Orchestre de Paris, Ensemble Intercontemporain, and Les Arts Florissants.
George participated in international master classes, where his teachers included Bernard Haitink, Michael Tilson Thomas, Kurt Masur and David Robertson. He has developed over the years a deep knowledge of the wider opera repertoire by assisting his mentors Robert Spano and Yves Abel in international houses including the Metropolitan Opera New York, the Opéra National de Paris, Theater an der Wien and the Aspen Opera Theater Center, with titles such as Wozzeck, I Capuleti e I Montecchi, Carmen, Billy Budd, La Fille du Régiment, Hänsel und Gretel, Les Contes d'Hoffmann, Madama Butterfly, Il Barbiere di Siviglia and Tannhäuser.
An alumnus of the conservatories of Vienna, Weimar and Trinity College Dublin, George furthered his studies at the Lucerne Festival Academy, Dartington Festival, Bayreuth Festival and the Aspen Music Festival, where he was awarded the Robert J. Harth Conducting Prize and the David A. Karetsky Memorial Fellowship. A prizewinner at the 2012 'Jeunesses Musicales' Conducting Competition in Bucharest, George is a Help Musicians UK 'Emerging Excellence' Artist, and has received numerous scholarships from organisations including the Ernst von Siemens Music Foundation, Tillett Trust, Janeczek Foundation, Irish Arts Council, Richard Wagner Foundation, the Roderick Brydon Memorial Trust and the Sir Charles Mackerras Fellowship in Conducting at London's Trinity Laban Conservatoire. He was a member of the Deutsche Bank Stiftung's 'Akademie Musiktheater heute' scheme for young opera professionals.


How To Prevent Allergies And Asthma Attacks At Home?
In the event that somebody in the family has allergies or asthma, make the home a healthier place by disposing of the things that can cause an asthma attack or allergy symptoms. Asthma occurs when the bronchial tubes (airways) in the lungs become inflamed and are hindered by bodily fluid or mucus, making breathing more troublesome. The chest tightens and the lungs start to produce a wheezing sound.
Asthma can be all around controlled. On the off chance that one finds that he/she is encountering asthma attacks frequently, counsel with the doctor in order to prevent further asthma attacks.
What leads to Allergy Symptoms or an Asthma Attack?
Things that can seed allergy symptoms are called allergens. Asthma attacks can be brought about by allergens or irritants (things that can irritate the lungs). Different individuals will respond to various irritants and allergens.
These are some of the common causes of allergy symptoms and asthma attacks at home.
Here are 5 ways one can prevent Allergies and Asthma Attacks a home.
So as to prevent an asthma attack, it is vital that one initially recognize the cause of it. Certain triggers can set off a course of asthma symptoms – wheezing, difficulty in breathing, coughing – so it's important to distinguish the triggers. That way, one can find a way to maintain an avoidable and safe distance from an asthma attack.
When asthma triggers have been identified, it will be simpler to investigate ways to maintain a safe distance from them. The most well-known asthma triggers incorporate the flu virus, allergies, smoke, and air pollution.
If one is allergic to pets, keep them out of the bedroom.
Wash all the beddings in very hot water every week.
Cover the pillows and mattresses in allergen-proof or dustproof covers.
Remove the carpets I possible. It's better to keep bare floors neat and clean.
Keep an air purifier on the bedroom to diminish any quantity of dust mites and other bugs.
Building up an asthma action plan with the doctor can enable one to control asthma. The plan should document critical information, for example, how to control and handle asthma attacks, medications, and how to control asthma symptoms in the long haul. Most plans separate asthma symptoms into 3 colored zones – red, yellow and green –to help monitor the severity of the symptoms.
Asthma is an ongoing condition that requires frequent treatment and monitoring. Assuming responsibility for the treatment can make one feel more responsible and in control of the condition, and life as a whole.
Asthma and smoke are a terrible mix. Breathing in smoke – even second-hand smoke – can trigger an asthma assault and jam the airways. Make certain to stay away from all sources of smoke, including cigarettes, incense, candles, tobacco and fire, wherever conceivable. Pursue some of these tips to avoid smokes.
Do not smoke or permit smoking in the car or at the house.
It generally pays to be prepared. Aside from monitoring asthma by taking prescribed meds, one can likewise ensure speedy relief asthma medicines is promptly accessible wherever one goes. In case one is heading out, to someplace new particularly, make sure to bring the asthma medicine along and find the location of the closest nearby clinic or hospital in order to head to when in an emergency.
Asthma attacks are basically signs that asthma isn't all around controlled. If one experiences asthma attacks over and over again, consult with the doctor on the changes one can make to regain control of the condition.


text:
A Survey of Babi and Baha'i Istidlaliyya ("Apologetic Testimonia") literatures in the East and the West.
Home › A Survey of Babi and Baha'i Istidlaliyya ("Apologetic Testimonia") literatures in the East and the West.
ISTIDLALIYYA - APOLOGETIC TESTIMONIA
Stephen Lambden
Written in the 1980s and 1990s - now under revsion.
A Brief Survey of Eastern and Western Bābī-Bahā'ī Istidlāliyya ("Apologetic Testimonia") writings.
Stephen Lambden UCMerced.
This essay in progress was conceived in the 1980s and 1990s and is now being revised and completed 2017.
Over the last 150 years many Bābīs and Bahā'īs have compiled istidlāliyya ("apologetic testimonia") works basically intended to show that messianic expectations, eschatological prophecies and apocalyptic events have come to pass in recent history. This in the course of arguing for the truth of the messianic and theophanic missions of the Sayyid `Alī Muhammad Shirazi (1819-1850) the Bab, and Mirza Husayn `Alī Nūrī, entitled Bahā'-Allāh ("The Splendour of God", 1817-1892). A massive corpus of oriental and occidental literature has resulted much of it remaining in manuscript. The Bab, Baha'-Allah and `Abd al-Baha' dealt with thse matters in thousands of their letters, books and scriptural alwah (Tablets) written in Arabic Persian and sometimes in Turkish (in the case of `Abd al-Baha'). Shoghi Effendi too was much occupied with these subjects.
Sometimes succinct Istidlaliyya tracts and often bulky volumes date from the very earliest years of the Bābī-Bahā'ī era. Prophecy-fulfilment treatises and compilations were set down by such pre-eminent Bābīs (and Bābī martyrs) as Mullā Ḥusayn Bushrū'ī (d. 1849) and Fātima Baraghānī, better known as Ṭāhirih (d.1852), as well as others among the first disciples of the Bāb, the `Letters of the Living' (hurūfāt al-hayy). The production of such variously entitled testimonia texts was fully in line with the admonitions of both the Bāb and Bahā'-Allāh who both bade their followers defend and propagate their religions in writing. The following Bahā'ī quotations will partially illustrate this;
"The Point of the Bayān [= the Bāb] directed that in the year nineteen [1269 AH = 1852-3 CE] all in the Bayān [= the Bābī Faith] should write for each other a treatise (lit. `book' kitābī() in establishment [of the truth] of [the Cause of] man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh (the messianic] (Him Whom God shall make manifest)... (trans. Lambden from an unpublished Tablet of Bahā'-Allāh to Zayn al-Muqarrabín contained in a ms. compilation of Nūr al-Dín Zayn, cited Behmardi, Dalā'il al-Ifrān.. in Khoosh-i-Hā'i az Kharman.. 8 :5).
We decree in this Tablet that most of the [Baha=i] friends should write tracts (lit. `tablets( alwāḥ) in establishment of this Cause and send them unto the [various] countries perchance thereby none should be veiled from attaining the Encounter with God (liqā'-Allāh [ through Bahā'-Allāh), the Mighty, the Beauteous" (Arab. text AQA 4:195, cited Behmardi, ibid, prov. trans. Lambden).
To date this fascinating literature has been little studied. There is no comprehensive list of Bābī-Bahā'ī Istidlaliyya writings and no analysis of the arguments they contain. The massive volume of Islamic and Christian (often missionary) anti-Bābī and /or Bahā'ī literatures has likewise received little attention. It is the aim of this essay to go some way towards rectifying this situation.
The founder Prophets and Istidlaliyya
Aside from making the composition of Istidlāliyya texts obligatory upon their learned and pious devotees, both the Bab and Bahā'-Allāh themselves directly and indirectly attempted to prove the truth of their claims and missions.
■ The Bāb, messianism and early Shaykhism
Writings of the Bāb
The Bāb=s frequent and multi-faceted interpretations of apocalyptic eschatology are numerous and foundational for Bahā=ī doctrine. In 1260 / 1844 this Sayyid of Shīrāz claimed to inaugurate a new era of communication with the occulted twelfth Imām (of Twelver Shī`ism) whom he sometimes referred to as the Dhikr ("Remembrance"). Some four years later (1848) in various letters and in the Persian Bayān and other writings he openly claimed to be the awaited messianic Qā'im ("Ariser") and Maḥdī ("[rightly] Guided One"). The Bāb himself in his Persian Dalā'l-i Sab`ih (Seven Proofs) as well as Baha=u=llah in his Sūrat al-Fatḥ (Tablet to Fatḥ al-A`ẓam) and in other Tablets, both explicitly confirm his gradual disclosure of his theophanic claim to be a Messenger or Manifestation of God (maẓhar-i ilāhiyya).
The complex first writing of the Bāb, the celebrated 111 chapter Arabic Qayyūm al-asmā' or Tafsīr sūra Yūsuf ("Commentary on the Sūrah of Joseph" Q. 12; mid. 1844) is a no mere commentary in the classical sense. It is fundamentally a new sacred text (neo-Qur'ān) infused with promise and fulfilment intimations. It is indicative of a new era of divine revelation (waḥy) to be consummated by a new Joseph (= "Ḥusayn") of celestial Beauty.
In the course of the Qayyūm al-asmā' subtle qur'anic re-revelation often indicates the immanent parousia of the messianic Qā'im or Baqiyyat-Allāh ("Remnant of God") and the breraking down of the Islamic doctrine of the finality of prophethood based on the Qur'ānic verses, Q. 33:40
Many other of the Bab's numerous works communicated during a six year period contain expositions of Islamic prophecy and apocalyptic. The Tafsīr sūrat al-kawthar ("Commentary on the Surah of Abundance" Q. 108), for example, includes lengthy citations and interpretations of traditions expressive of Islamic eschatological expectations -- often rooted in Judaeo-Christian scripture.
Dalā'il-i sab`ih ("The Seven Proofs" c. 1848?)
Within the Bāb's later Dalā'il-i sab`ih ("The Seven Proofs" c. 1848?) various prophetic and other texts are succinctly interpreted as eschatological prophecies. Included is an interesting chronologically oriented interpretation of the abjad ("numerical") value of the first seven sets of qur'anic `mysterious', `isolated' or `disconnected letters( (al-hurūfāt al-muqaṭṭa`ah; A-L-M --> A-L-M-R) which are made to yield -- in the light of a tradition transmitted by Abī Labīd Makhzūmī from the 6th (Twelver) Imām Ja`far al-Ṣādiq (d. 148/765) -- the year [1, 267=] 1260 AH (= 1844 CE), the year of the commencement of the mission of the Bāb. [1] For Bahā'īs the well-known verse of the Khuṭbah al-ṭutunjiyya (loosely, `Sermon of the Gulf=) ascribed to Imam `Alī (d. 40/661) predicting the eschatological advent of the divine Being who conversed with Moses on Mount Sinai (mukallim al-ṭūr; which Bahā'u'llāh applied to himself in scores of his writings) is also quoted in this work (Dalā'il, 46). The eschatological "sign" of the `rising of the sun in the west (mentioned in many authoritative Sunnī (Bukharī+Muslim+Tirmihdi, etc) and Shī`ī `traditions( is given a concrete though non-literal interpretation (Dalā'il, 51). For details the reader is referred back by the Bāb to his Sharḥ-i Kawthar or Tafsir Sūrat al Kawthar (`Commentary on the Surah of the Abundance; Q. 108; see Dalā'il, 48-9). The Bāb himself in fact interpreted this latter "sign" of the sun rising in the west in his Persian Seven Proofs, as his appearance, the theophany of the "Sun of Truth"(shams-I ḥaqíqat) in the province of Fars (SW Iran) which is "west" relative to its earlier rising in Mecca (Arabia), the place of the eastern "rising" of the Prophet Muhammad who was also the "Sun of Truth" (see Dalā'il, 51-2)..
The Bāb frequently acknowledged and affirmed the veracity of the doctrine of the khatam al-nabiyyin, (The seal of the prophets( of Q. 33:40b). Yet he reinterpreted or `transcended the traditional Muslim doctrine of the `finality of prophethood. He proclaimed an eternally continuing, an unending succession of the appearance of Envoy-Messengers (rasūl) as major messianic figures. Their advent or theophany represents the "Beatific Presence", the sublime vision. Through their person and revelations is the (indirect) "Encounter with God" (liqā' Allāh) realized and new religions successively called into being. From age to age at a time known only to God there should appear successive advents of man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh ("Him whom God shall make manifest"; a Sufi term) whose birth and prophetic mission expresses the divine theophany.
In various writings, it should be noted, the Bāb saw his own religious dispensation (ultimately for Bahā'īs 1844-1852 CE) as a kind of eschatological messianic interregnum. While he appeared as the Qā'im (`Ariser'; although also seen as a Manifestation of Divinity), He would be succeeded by al-Qayyūm ("The Deity Self-Subsisting"), an exalted theophany who represents a supreme (though indirect, `subordinate') manifestation of the Divinity -- in numerous writings, the Bāb and Bahā'-Allāh denied the possibility of the earthly presence of that Ultimate Godhead Who is `Wholly Other'.
In his later writings the Bāb gives non-literal interpretations to the general qiyāma or "resurrection" from the "dead" frequently anticipated in the Qur'ān and numerous Islamic traditions. A number of the sections of the Persian and Arabic Bayāns ("Expositions"; Bayān-i farsī; Bayān-i `arabī, late 1840s) deal directly or indirectly with resurrection and associated eschatological events.
For the Bāb the expected `Day of Resurrection' (yawm al-qiyāma) had been or would be gradually spiritually realized as would the `Divine Judgement(.The individual end-time resurrection is expounded by the Bāb non-literally. Persian Bayān II:7 (see Bayān-i farsī, 30-33) is headed "Concerning the Day of Resurrection" (yawm al-qiyāma). It is explained that what is intended by the Day of Resurrection is the "Day" of the "theophany" or "Manifestation"(yawm-i ẓuhūr) of the "Tree of [Divine] Reality" (shajarat-i ḥaqīqat). It indicates the time and era of a divine theophany; the advent and dispensation of a "Manifestation of God" (ẓuhūr-i shajarat-i ḥaqīqat). In their literalism Shī`ī Muslims had misunderstood its significance.
The Bāb is very precise in giving the commencement of the Bābī "Day of Resurrection" as the dispensation or era of the Bayān. It commenced with his (semi-secret) advent (as the Qā'im, Shī`ī messiah) "when two hours and 11 [15] minutes had passed [from the eve of Friday] the fifth of Jumādī al‑Awwal, 1260 AH (= May 22, 1844), which is the year 1270 from the Call of the Prophet Muhammad . It will continue until it reaches its "perfection" with the coming of the Bābī messiah man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh ("Him Whom God shall make manifest") when the "resurrection of the Bayān" (qiyāmat-i bayān) will take place (Bayān-i farsī II:7; SWB:106-108).
Arabic Bayān II:7 on the "Day of Resurrection" (yawm al-qiyāmat) states that its significance is beyond the comprehension of the people. On a fundamental level it indicates the period "From the onset of the dawning forth of the Sun of [Beauty] Splendour (shams al-bahā') until its setting. This [period] is superior in the Book of God (kitāb Allāh) to every [succeeding] "Night" [of declining faith] if thou be of such as comprehend. God did not create anything save for this very Day for all shall then realise the "Encounter With God" and [consequently prove able to] act according to His good pleasure (liqā'-Allāh thumma riḍā'ihi). (Bayān-i `Arabī, [Hasānī] 84).
While Persian Bayān II:8 is concerned with the numerous literal and symbolic meanings of "death" (ḥaqīqat al-mawt) II:9 concerns of "reality [real significance] of the tomb" (ḥaqīqat al-qabḍ) (see Bayān-i farsī, 41-45). Both senses of the Arabic word ba`ath, [1] "resuscitation"/ "resurrection" and [2] "sending" / "commissioning [of Prophets-Messengers]" are evident in the Bāb's explanation. It is explained here that every [personalized] "spirit" (ha rūḥ) has a "tomb" (qabr) appointed relative to the limit of its own localized levels [`places']. When a Prophet figure appears this [personalized = collective] "[S]sprit" is raised when he is commissioned (`raised up') by God.
The Prophet Muhammad and all under his shadow were raised up when the "Point of the Bayān" (nuqṭih-yi Bayān) became the locus of the theophanic "Manifestation of Divinity" (maẓhar-i uluhiyya). At that moment when man yuẓhiruhu'llh ("Him Whom God shall make manifest") appears all pure persons will be collectively represented by such "a Soul" (nafs) the "resuscitation [`raising'; `resurrection']" (ba`ath) of which [= whom] constitutes the "raising" (ba`ath), the collective "resurrection" of all pure believers. The emergence of this single yet universal "Soul" from the constraints of the "tomb" is symbolic of the emergence of all from the "tomb" of religious limitations .
When the first believer in the Bāb came to faith this was a "resurrection" event. It symbolically inaugurated the "resurrection" of the "body" of all future believers from the "tomb" of materiality. This teaching of the Bāb appears very similar to the Pauline and wider New Testament doctrine of the "death" and "resurrection" of all Christians "in Christ" as the new Adam [humanity]. One is reminded of the Pauline statement "as in Adam all die, so in Christ [the second Adam] shall all be made alive." (I Cor. 15:22) and of the Bahā'ī non-literal interpretation of the resurrection of Christ as symbolic that of the "body" of his followers (see `Abd al-Bahā in SAQ Chs. 23; 29 ).
Detailed interpretations are likewise given to a host of other apocalyptic expectations in the numerous writings of the Bāb which cannot be registered here.
Bahā'-Allāh and Istidlāliyya revelations and texts
Of great significance for its early citation of prophetic proof-texts is the monumental Arabic Jawāhir al-asrār ("The Essence of the Mysteries") of Bahā'-Allāh. This fairly lengthy Arabic treatise is an epistle set down in reply to a number of written questions about the expected Muslim messiah, the Mahdī figure, posed by a certain Sayyid Yūsuf‑i Siddihī (Iṣfahānī), a one time resident of Karbalā= (Tārīkh‑i Zarandī, unpublished; RB 1:151). It was written around 1277 (=1860/1) before Bahā'-Allāh had met its addressee (AQA 3:20) and while the Bab=s followers were expecting "Him Whom God will make manifest". It certainly pre‑dates the Kitāb-i īqān (1862) which is partly based upon it and which refers to it (KI : 13 / trans. 17; cf. Ganj.. 28, RB. 1:151). In the colophon of a manuscript copy of the Jawāhiral-asrār reference is made to the year al-bahiyy (= abjad [numerically] 17, hence 1260+17 = 1277 AH =) indicative of 1860‑61 CE (refer INBMC 46:40). The Jawāhir al-asrār has much in common with both Bahā'-Allāh=s Book of Certitude ( see below) and the Haft vadī (`Seven Valleys'. c. 1275/1858).
The need to understand biblical and qur'anic eschatological prophecies non‑literally is argued in detail. As in the Kitāb-i īqān, the extreme Muslim view of the "corruption" (taḥrīf) of the Bible is radically modified. Various New Testament texts are cited in Arabic and sometimes commented upon non‑literally and in detail (e.g. Matt 24:29f; Luke 21 :25f; Jn 15:26f; Rev 1:14f cf. KI: 19ff/tr.16ff).
A considerable number of spiritual interpretations (`demythologizations=) of messianic and apocalyptic eschatology are to be found in the Jawāhir al-asrār. Baha'u'llah teaches that Muslim students of prophecy should not repeat the errors of Jewish and Christian literalists who in their exegetical rigidity failed to recognise Messengers of God.
Like previous Messengers, the Bāb claimed to fulfill many of the messianic prophecies contained in the Qur'an and traditions when interpreted non‑literally. He was indeed the expected Qa'im (messianic ariser) or Mahdī (rightly-guided one). Like all the Manifestations of God on a spiritual level he is that Muhammad, [expected twelfth Imam] who is the son of Ḥasan al‑Askarī (the eleventh Imam d. 260/874) come from the Jābulqā= of Athe power of God" (qudrat Allāh) and Jābulsā= of the AMercy of God" (raḥmat Allāh, see AQA 3:41ff). Mystically speaking the Bāb came from these allusive realms; these unknown Acities@ where Shī`ī tradition locates the hidden messianic imam. These twin cosmic realms of Jābulqā' and Jābulsā are not concrete celestial localities but symbolic expressions suggestive of dimensions of the Divine Power and Mercy. The hidden Imām is a himself an essentially symbolic figure who will ere long also be manifested as the Bābī messiah figure,"Him Whom God will make manifest" (man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh = Bahā'u'llāh; see ibid 3:43).
In the Jawāhir al-asrār it is stated that the alleged finality of prophethood is not, in reality, implied in the qur'ānic designation of Muhammad as "the seal of the prophets" (khātam al-nabbiyyīn). The qur'ānic indication of the eschatological advent of Divinity (the liqā=-Allāh, "encounter with God") indicates the parousia of the supreme Manifestation of God who is the expected man yuẓhiru-hu Allāh, AQA 3:49f ).
Among other things the true meaning of "life", "death" and the significance of "resurrection" ( John 3:5b‑7 is cited) are expounded by Baha'u'llah (AQA 3:53f). In the Jawāhir.. Baha'u'llah affirms that the "Day of God" has arrived and that the "Tree of Life" (shajarat al-ḥayāt) is planted in the midmost‑heart of the Paradise of God conferring true "life" in all realms (cf. Rev 22:2).
Bahā'u'llāh's foremost Istidlāliyya text, the Persian Kitāb-i īqān (ABook of Certitude).
Rapidly composed around 1862 CE. and reflecting the (Persian) Seven Proofs of the Bab (cf. above) is Bahā'u'llāh's foremost Istidlāliyya ("Testimonia"), his Persian Kitāb-i īqān ((Book of Certitude). This seminal work contains many and varied proofs of the prophetic missions of Muhammad and the Bāb in the light of both biblical and qur'ānic texts. Matthew 24:29-31a (+ synoptic Gospel parallels) is given a detailed explanation incorporarting a spiritual interpretation of "oppression" ,"the darkening of the sun and the moon", "the falling of the stars", "the shaking of the [powers of the] earth" the advent of the "Son of Man" (Jesus) in the 'clouds of heaven' and the coming of 'angels' with the sound of a great 'trumpet' blast. It must suffice to quote one of the main explanations given to (angels(:
(And now, concerning His words: "And He shall send His angels...." [Matt 24: 31a]. By "angels" [Ar. malā'ikat] is meant those [exalted souls] who, reinforced by the power of the spirit [quwwat-i ruḥāniyyih ], have consumed, with the fire of the love of God [ nār-i muḥabbat-i ilāhī], all human traits and limitations, and have clothed themselves with the attributes of the most exalted Beings [`aliyyīn] and of the Cherubim [karrubiyyin ]" (Baha'u'llah, KI 61, trans. 78‑79)
As with Jesus the worldly "sovereignty" of the promised messianic Qā'im is essentially his transformative spiritual power.
In thousands of Bahā'-Allāh's later Persian and Arabic writings many specific apocalyptic events are deemed to have taken place or are interpreted relative to the future. In, for example, that Tablet referred to as one about the ahl‑i bāṭin ("[Sufi] Esotericists")' he seems to associate identification with and recitation of the al-ism al-a`ẓam ((the greatest name [of God])@ as the repetition of the word Bahā' (= "[radiant] glory-beauty-splendour"), representative of the Logos-like locus of his Being. Such, it is suggested, as contrasted with Sufi Dhikr (`ecstatic recitation=) is the definitive acme of piety and devotional spirituality. This powerful evocation is such that it causes `apocalyptic catastrophes= to be symbolically realized (see further below). The contextual implication would appear to be that the power of the greatest name is indicative of the redundancy of any elitist or exclusivist Sufi claims before the theophany of Bahā'-Allāh , the personification of the Greatest Name of God,
"The foundation of pious actions (riḍā'-i afāl) and the diadem of goodly deeds (iklīl‑i a`māl) hath ever been the dhikr ("utterance, recitation...") of the Greatest Name (ism‑i a`zam) whether [this be] outwardly or inwardly (ẓāhir va bāṭin). It is assuredly the Logos‑Word (kalimat) by virtue of which every particular [worthwhile Sufi?] faction (hizb) hath been differentiated;
every "mountain" levelled to dust;
every "star" made to fall;
every "sun" suffered eclipse;
every "moon" eclipsed;
every "heaven" split asunder;
every "earth" rent in twain and
every "ocean" made to boil away..." (Text in Ma'idah IV:32; prov. trans. Lambden).
Apocalyptic Eschatology as interpreted by `Abdu=-Bahā and Shoghi Effendi.
`Abd al-Bahā' likewise dictated many thousands of Tablets (alwāḥ) in which Biblical and qur'ānic prophecies are interpreted in creative and sometimes multi-faceted ways. He had a detailed and intimate knowledge of the Bible and the Qur'ān. His view of the Bible is summed up in the beautiful rhyming Persian words he wrote in the Pulpit Bible of the City Temple in London in September 1911;
[1] "This is the sanctified Holy Book [Bible] (kitāb-i muqaddas); which is redolent with heavenly inspiration ( bi-waḥy-yi samā').
[2] It is the Torah of Salvation (tawrāt-i najāt). It is the Glorious Evangel [Gospel] (injīl-i jalīl)" .
[3] [Incorporating] the mysteries of the Kingdom (asrār-i malakūt); The Lights of the Divinity (anwār-i lāhūt)
[4] The Divine Bounty (fayḍ-i ilāhī); Traces of Lordly Guidance ( āthār-i ḥidayat-i rabbānīyyih). (Signed,`Abd al-Bahā' `Abbas ) ] Prov. trans. Lambden. This Bible was destroyed during WWI but a photograph of the Persian inscription is reproduced in a number of publications such as, for example, White, 1946; cf. Balyuzi, 1971:145).
The importance of biblical learning was underlined when `Abd al-Bahā exhorted Baha'is to study the Bible. He certainly held that, "Undoubtedly the friends and maidservants of the Merciful [Bahā(īs] should know the value of the Bible." (TAB 1:218).
In order to illustrate `Abd al-Bahā's own detailed knowledge of Abrahamic religious texts and their eschatological interpretation in terms of fulfilment in the religion founded by his Father, it must suffice to cite two portions from his many thousands of often lengthy letters or `Tablets'. The first will illustrative his detailed knowledge of the New Testament -- their being frequent allusion to the Book of Revelation -- only a few select references will be indicated;
(O ye beloved of God! O ye children of His Kingdom! Verily, verily, the new heaven and the new earth are come. The holy City, New Jerusalem, hath come down from on high in the form of a maid of heaven, veiled, beauteous, and unique, and prepared for reunion with her lovers on earth. The angelic company of the Celestial Concourse hath joined in a call that hath run throughout the universe, all loudly and mightily acclaiming: `This is the City of God and His abode, wherein shall dwell the pure and holy among His servants. He shall live with them, for they are His people and He is their Lord.'
He hath wiped away their tears [Rev. 21:4], kindled their light, rejoiced their hearts and enraptured their souls. Death shall no more overtake them neither shall sorrow, weeping or tribulation afflict them. The Lord God Omnipotent hath been enthroned in His Kingdom and hath made all things new [Rev. 21:5] This is the truth and what truth can be greater than that announced by the Revelation of St. John the Divine?
He is Alpha and Omega [Rev. 1:8]. He is the One that will give unto him that is athirst of the fountain of the water of life and bestow upon the sick the remedy of true salvation. He whom such grace aideth is verily he that receiveth the most glorious heritage from the Prophets of God and His holy ones. The Lord will be his God, and he His dearly‑beloved son.
Rejoice, then, O ye beloved of the Lord and His chosen ones, and ye the children of God and His people, raise your voices to laud and magnify the Lord, the Most High; for His light hath beamed forth, His signs have appeared and the billows of His rising ocean have scattered on every shore many a precious pearl (`Abdu'l‑Baha: Selections`Abdu'l‑Baha, 12‑13)
The following passage from a lengthy Tablet is illustrative of `Abdu(l-Baha(s celebration of the realization of certain of the prophecies registered in the Islamic sacred book, the Qur'ān:
(He hath laid down the foundations of the lofty Citadel, He hath inaugurated the Cycle of Glory, He hath brought forth a new creation on this day that is clearly Judgement Day ‑ and still do the heedless stay fast in their drunken sleep. The Bugle [al-ṣūr] (Q. 39:68) hath sounded, the Trumpet [al-nāqūr] (Q.74:8) hath been blown, the Crier hath raised his call, and all upon the earth have swooned away ‑ but still do the dead, in the tombs of their bodies [qubūr al-asjād] , sleep on.
And the second clarion [al-nafkhaḥ] (Q. 39:68) hath sounded, there hath followed the second blast after the first, (Q. 79:6) and the dread woe hath come, and every nursing mother hath forgot the infant at her breast (Q.22:2 ) -- yet still the people, confused and distracted, heed it not.
And the Resurrection [al-qiyāma] hath dawned, and the Hour [al-sa`at] hath struck, and the Path [al-ṣiraṭ] hath been drawn straight, and the Balance [al-mīzān] hath been set up, and all upon the earth have been gathered together (Q. 34:39) ‑ but still the people see no sign of the way.
The light [al-nūr] hath shone forth, and radiance floodeth Mount Sinai [al-ṭūr ], and a gentle wind bloweth from over the gardens of the Ever‑Forgiving Lord; the sweet breaths of the spirit are passing by, and those who lay buried in the grave are rising up ‑ and still do the heedless slumber on in their tombs.... It is He Who hath made for you the new creation (Q. 29:19 ) and brought on the woe (Q. 79: 34) that surpasseth all others, and gathered the holy together in the realm on high. Verily in this are signs for those who have eyes to see.
And among His signs is the appearance of omens and joyous prophecies, of hints and clues, the spreading of many and various tidings, and the anticipations of the righteous, they who have now attained their goal…" (`Abdu'l‑Baha, Selections ... `Abdu'l‑Baha, 13-15).
Shoghi Effendi Rabbani (d. 1957) and Istidlāliyya.
Head of the Bahā'ī Faith for 36 years Shoghi Effendi Rabbani (d. 1957; the great-grandson of Bahā'u'llāh) as will be seen, further clarified many aspects of Bābī and Bahā(ī teaching pertaining to prophecy and fulfilment. The Authorized (King James) version of the Bible (1611 CE) was dear to him (Rabbani, Priceless Pearl, 37) . It is recorded that he kept a copy near his bed and in his study. Its style and vocalulary markedly influenced his numerous English writings. When translating certain of Bahā'-Allāh's works he quite often utilized biblical phrases in his highly evocative and sometimes paraphrastic renderings from Arabic or Persian scriptural Tablets. Examples of this include his use of the biblical phrases "Ancient of Days" (Dan 7:9ff; Aramaic = / Heb. `attiq yomīm; Arabic trans. Van Dyck. al-qadīm al-ayyām; Persian version qadīm-i ayyām) and "Desire[s] of all nations" (Heb. ḥemdat kal ha-goyyīm; (Ar. [trans. Van Dyck].. ) mushtahā kull al-umam; (Per.) faḍīlat jamī`-yi ummathā, [lit. `Excellences of all nations=]; Haggai, 2:7aβ see Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By, 95).[5]
"Desire of all nations" is not of course exactly a literal rendering of the Hebrew of Haggai, 2:7b which may mean something like "the treasure[s] (desirable things) of all nations" (so RSV). The Arabic and Persian translations usually reflect the traditional Latin (Vulgate) and other 19th century or earlier versions. The traditional Christian rendering has been thought to have messianic implications in certain ancient and modern Jewish and Christian exegetical circles.
The influence of the Danielic divine epithet "Ancient of days" is five times evident in Shoghi Effendi's well-known 1931 English translation of the Kitāb-i īqān (The Book of Certitude). A few examples include:
(They are sent forth through the transcendent power of the Ancient of Days (sulṭān-i qadim, lit. `Ancient Sovereign( ), and are raised up by the exalted will of God, the most mighty King. This is what is meant by the words: "coming in the clouds of heaven." (Baha'u'llah, KI: 52 / 43).
"The door of the knowledge of the Ancient of Days (`irfān-i dhāt-i azal = literally, "Gnosis of the Eternal [Divine] Essence"), being thus closed in the face of all beings, the Source of infinite grace, according to His saying: "His grace hath transcended all things... " (Baha'u'llah, KI: 74/64).
Thus also in his translation of the Kitāb-i aqdas the abovementioned Haggai reference is evident;
Select Oriental Bahā'ī istidlaliyya writings
Mullā Muhammad Nabīl-i Zarandī (d. 1892).
An Apostle of Bahā'-Allāh , the poet, apologist and hagiographical historian Mullā Muhammad Nabīl Zarandī wrote many things that were much informed by istidlāliyya considerations including his famed Tarikh which was partially recreated by Shoghi Effendi as the `Dawn-Breakers'.
Apparently an (honorary?) bishop [Dr.] Fāris Effendī (dates unknown) was one of the earliest and most important Christian converts to the Bahā(ī religion. He was taught his faith in 1868 by the eminent Bahā'ī poet, historian and apologist Nabīl-i Zarandī (d. 1892) and received a number of highly significant `Tablets (from Bahā'-Allāh to whom he addressed an eloquent Arabic testimony of faith -- which was early disseminated by Bahā'-Allāh himself (see Lambden, `A Further Tablet...).
Mīrzā Abu'l-Faḍl-i Gulpayigānī (1844-1914).
Another apostle of Bahā'-Allāh and one foremost among the oriental Bahā'īs who composed Istidlāliyya treatises, stands the best-known and renowned Bahā'ī apologist Mīrzā Abu'l-Faḍl Gulpayigānī (1844-1914). He was one of the primary architects of the Bahā'ī Interpretation of the Bible. As early as 1887-8 he had written a Sharh-i āyāt-i muvarrikhah (Commentary on the Chronological Proof texts) (Shanghai, 1344/1925 etc) and the Risāla-yi `Ayyūbiyya (`Jobite Treatise( mss.) in order to attract Jews (of Hamadan, etc) Christians and others to the Bahā'ī religion. Subsequently he exhibited a profound knowledge of Jewish and Christian scripture and history, and wrote a number of other significant apologetic works; including, for example, his lengthy Persian Kitāb al-Farā'id (`Book of Incomparability' (Cairo, 1897-8) and the Faṣl al-Khiṭāb (The Decisive Discourse) ([Samarkand] n.d. [completed, 1893-4]; Dundas, 1995).
■ Ḥāj Mihdī Arjmand (c. 1861-1941)
The Aaronite Jewish convert to the Bahā'ī Faith (c.1878), Ḥāj Mihdī Arjmand (c. 1861-1941) was so knowledgeable in the Bible that the American Protestant missionary Dr. G.W. Holmes (d. 1910) who engaged in a two year debate with him about Biblical proof-texts, reckoned that `he spoke as if he had written both the Torah and the Gospels" (Masabih.. IV: 462). Such is illustrated in his important volume (highly praised by `Abd al-Bahā') as the Gulshān-i haqā'iq ("Rose Garden of Realities" in which aspects of these debates are summed up. Various Bahā'ī interpretations of eschatological prophecies and apocalyptic signs were interpreted in the course of these debates (Ayman,`Ḥāj Mihdī Arjmand in Scripture and Revelation, 1997:1ff). [1]
■ Yuhanna Dāwūd [ = John David] (d. ).
Anong the other other important Jewish converts who wrote apologetic and related writings stands Yuhanna Dāwūd , a Bahā'í for many years resident in London, whose Derek Ḥayyim ("The Way of Life") exists in manuscript in Judaeo-Persian (Persian written in Hebrew script).
■ Gabriel Sacy (Jibrān Sāsī) ( d. ADD)
The fervent Syrian Christian Bahā'ī convert Gabriel Sacy (Jibrān Sāsī) wrote a 35 page Arabic Istidlāliyya which was published in Cairo around 1902 and was early translated into French (cf. Browne, Materials, 185-6).
■ Muhammad Kāzim Samandar (1844-1918)
Among other numerous oriental Bahā'īs who contribured significantly to the Istidlāliyya literature should also be numbered Muhammad Kāzim-i Samandar (1844-1918).
■ Mīrzā `Alī Ashrāf Lahijānī, `Andalib (d. 1920)
Mīrzā `Alī Ashrāf Lahijānī, `Andalib (d. 1920) wrote an Istidlāliyya work for a Shaykhī Muslim known as Shaykh Bahā'ī and another for the Cambridge orientalist Edward Granville Browne (1862-1926) which appears to have been lost (see. Rice, `A Babi Pamphlet( CMI., Aug. 1902, 564ff).
■ Mīrzā Muhammad Sidihi, Nā'im ("Delight") Isfāhānī (d. 1915/16)
While Mīrzā Muhammad Sidihi, Nā'im ("Delight") Isfāhānī (d.1915/16) composed verse and prose testimonia,
■ Sayyid Aḥmad Mūsawī Hamadānī (d. Tehran, 1325/1907)
Sayyid Aḥmad Mūsawī Hamadānī entitled Ṣadr al-`Ulamā( [al-ṣudūr] ("Foremost of `Ulamā([Hearts] d. Tehran, 1325/1907) was the author of several Istidlāliyya works (one pub. Tehran: BPT., 1324/1906).
■ Ḥajjī Mīrzā Ḥaydar `Alī Iṣfahānī (d. Haifa, 1921)
The pious `Angel of `Akkā' Ḥajjī Mīrzā Ḥaydar `Alī Iṣfahānī (d. Haifa, 1921) composed an apolgetic testimonia entitled Dalā'il al-irfān fī ẓuhūr al-ḥujjat wa'l-tibyan ("The Evidences of the Testimony regarding the Manifestation of the Proof and the Evidence (Bombay, 1313[2] 1895-6; see Behmardi, 1997).
■ Ḥajjī Mīrzā Muhammad Afshār (d. )
The wide-ranging Istidlāliyya text entitled Baḥr al-irfān... ("The Ocean of Gnosis", 287pp) of Ḥajjī Mīrzā Muhammad Afshār (d. ) appeared not long after the passing of Bahā'-Allāh (n. p. [Bombay] n.d. [189?]).
■ `Abd al-Ḥamīd Ishrāq Khāvarī (1902-1972).
Finally, though not at all exhaustively in this connection, mention should be made of the numerous works of `Abd al-Ḥamīd Ishrāq Khāvarī (1902-1972). A Bahā'ī from 1927, a number of his various writings and compilations contain materials touching upon the Bahā'ī exegesis of prophetic and apocalyptic texts of the Abrahamic religions (cf. Rafati, EIr. VIII: 641-2).
19TH-20TH Century western Baha'i Testimonia Works
From around the centennial celebration of the martyrdom of the Bāb (1850 CE) many prominent western Bahā'īs continued to add significantly to the body of Bahā'ī scriptural testimonia. The Bahā'ī exegesis of a considerable number of eschatologically or apocalyptically oriented biblical and qur'ānic texts and traditions was further developed in the west.
■ Ibrahim G. Kheiralla ( d. 1929)
Important in introducing the Bahā'ī religion to the West as represented by America / the USA., were the often biblically rooted and oriented writings of the somewhat (by modern Bahā'ī standards) heterodox works of the Syrian Christian convert Ibrahim G. Kheiralla (d. 1919; became Bahā'ī 1890). He achieved great success in spreading the Bahā'ī Faith to America subsequent to his arrival there in December 1892 (Stockman, BFA 1:26).
■ George Townshend (d. 1957)
Reference may be made by way of example to the writings of the one-time Anglican canon of St. Patrick's Cathederal Dublin, George Townshend (d. 1957) who authored The Promise of All Ages (1st ed. London: Simpkin Marshall n.d. [1934])
■ William Sears (d. 1992)
and to William Sears (d. 1992) whose Thief in the Night, or the Strange Case of the Missing Millennium (1st ed. London: George Ronald, 1961) has been one of the best-selling Bahā'ī books produced in the west.
Several leading Bahā'īs having the title `Hands of the Cause of God' have also penned significant writings about the fulfillment of religious prophecies and the significance of the eschatological "signs" within the Bābī and Bahā'ī religions.
It was thus argued in both the east and the west that a new era, a promised eschatological Day has come. It was reckoned that biblical, Islamic and other prophecies were being or have been fulfilled.


Make it catchy with a few words that capture the essence of the session.
Tell attendees why they should check-out your session. What are they going to learn? Why should they be excited? This will be part of the published schedule and program.
Optional. Please give us any information beyond the Description above that would help us evaluate the proposal. What makes this session great? Where else have you spoken? Is this a new topic? This will only be visible to the planning committee.
* Have you given this talk at another conference before?
Your email is only shared with the organizers.
Tell us something about you. Why should people be excited to hear you speak? This will be part of the published schedule and program.
This will be shown with your bio.
Please supply a number where you can be reached during the conference. This is used in case the conference team needs to call you. Please include your full area code and/or an international calling code if outside the United States.
Optional. Where do you live? Please specify "City, State" or "City, Country." This will be shown with your bio.
Optional. This will be shown with your bio.
Highly recommended. This will be shown with your bio. Upload a great picture of yourself so people will recognize you at the conference.
Is this your first DevOpsDays event?
This is only used during proposal reviews and will never be shared with anyone outside the CFP reviewers. This is used to help feature the under-represented in our industry.
You have a great story and we want to hear from you!
Want other ideas for topics or feedback on your ideas? We're here to help! organizers-washington-dc-2019@devopsdays.org with CFP in the subject.
All proposals are due by May 1, 2019 at 11:59PM EDT. Speaker selection notifications will go out no later than May 15, 2019 at 11:59PM EDT.
Submit as many proposals as you like. Panels or multi-presenter proposals are fine. Speakers will receive free admission to the conference and an opportunity to address 500+ people interested in DevOps in our nation's capital.
We embrace diversity and encourage proposals from people in underrepresented parts of our community.
We are accepting talks in both the ignite format, and a more traditional 30 minute format. For those of you not familiar with the ignite format and would like to see a sample of some of the best, - here are some to view. Here's a Youtube search for previous DevOpsDays ignite talks.
Competition will be fierce especially for the 30 minute slots; the organizer committee will vote on which presentations are selected. We understand if the talk isn't written yet, but we want enough details to understand what your time will be filled with and what people will learn from it.
One of the main building blocks of DevOps is Culture. We highly value diversity and embrace it. We believe that DevOpsDays should shine a spotlight on it. If you're an underrepresented minority we'd love to hear from you!
Remember DevOpsDays is for DevOps practitioners looking to take whatever they're doing to the next level. Be specific. "Metrics are good yay" isn't enough of a takeaway, so for example if you pitch "Metrics and DevOps" we'd like to hear more about what your content will be - what metrics exactly, what actionable things people will take away, etc. Culture talks are good, but similarly, we're looking for more actionable details than "DevOps is about culture. Hug more." If you don't have a lot of specifics, we would suggest going for an ignite talk instead of a full talk.
Demos are welcome but, of course, there's always that slim chance that wireless will give you trouble or other technical issues may come into play - just prep well and have a backup plan.
You can run your own laptop for full talk slots - again, have a backup plan (dropbox, thumb drive, save in multiple formats - be paranoid). You'll be asked to provide lightning talks in PDF format and your keynote slides in any format by the weekend before the conference. Ignite talks will all be run by the lightning talk wrangler from their system on auto-advance.
Multiple Speakers for a Single Talk?
Got multiple speakers for a single talk? No problem, just click the "Add Speaker" button to add additional speakers.
Need help with or suggestions for your presentation? We've got lots of ideas and are happy to discuss your talk ideas before you submit them. Just reach out to us! organizers-washington-dc-2019@devopsdays.org with CFP in the subject.


In the central part of Ichon-Qala is located madrassas Shirgazi Khan. The building was gutted during the period from 1718 to 1720 years. The building was gutted Arab prisoners Khan. He promised to liberate the Arabs from captivity at the end of construction. They have built a building for a year, but freedom has not received. In this regard, Khan was killed. Khan's tomb is located at the main facade of the building.


Erykah Badu doesn't back down from anything and she definitely works hard to be true to herself. Gearing up for her Out My Mind, Just In Time multi-city tour, the mother of three tells Jet¹s Senior Writer Clarence Waldron that she¹s not moved by the recent controversy about her artistry or anyone' opinion about her in general. In fact, she has much more to say in this week's issue.


text:
Q: Swift 3.0 convert Data to Array How to convert Data to array of UInt8?
func serialPort(_ serialPort: ORSSerialPort, didReceive data: Data) {
print("recieved:\(data)")
let arr: [UInt8] = Data(???)???
}

log
recieved:70 bytes

A: In Swift 3, Data works as a Collection of UInt8, so you can simply use Array.init.
var received: [UInt8] = []

func serialPort(_ serialPort: ORSSerialPort, didReceive data: Data) {
    print("received:\(data))")
    received = Array(data)
}

But, Array.init (or Array.append(contentsOf:)) copies the content of the Data, so it's not efficient when you need to work with huge size of Data.

A: Got it!
var recived = [UInt8]()

func serialPort(_ serialPort: ORSSerialPort, didReceive data: Data) {
        recived.removeAll()
        print("recieved:\(data))")
        recived.append(contentsOf: data)
}

A: Use withUnsafeBytes:
let data = "ABCD".data(using: .ascii)!
data.withUnsafeBytes {  (pointer: UnsafePointer<UInt8>) in
    //Prints 67 which is the ASCII value of 'C'
    print(pointer[2])
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WATCHING SASAMI 'NOT THE TIME' (DOMINO PUBLISHING)
SASAMI 'Not the Time'
Los Angeles-based artist SASAMI has released a video for 'Not The Time'. Gorilla vs Bear premiered the video today, calling it a "vibrant and charming video for her sweetly buzzing new single". Co-directed by Kate Hollowell and Sasami Ashworth, the video features the LA Municipal Dance Squad and The Linda Lindas as SASAMI's backing band. Last month, The FADER called 'Not The Time' a "fully-formed, heart-striking gem", hailing SASAMI as "rock's next big thing".
SASAMI (Sasami Ashworth) has been making music in the Los Angeles area, in almost every way you can, for the last decade. From playing French horn in orchestras and studios and playing keys, bass, and guitar in local rock bands (Cherry Glazerr, Dirt Dress), to contributing vocals/string/horn arrangements to studio albums (Curtis Harding, Wild Nothing, Hand Habits) and producing on tracks for other respected artists (Soko), she has gained a reputation as an all-around musical badass.
After graduating from the Eastman School of Music in 2012, SASAMI spent her time scoring and making orchestral arrangements for films, commercials and studio albums, as well as being a deeply committed music teacher in Los Angeles. She spent the previous two and a half years touring the world non-stop playing synths in the band Cherry Glazerr and is now taking a turn to focus on her own music. SASAMI has already shared bills with the likes of Mitski, Japanese Breakfast, Liz Phair, The Breeders and Blondie.


text:
Horned Frog Sports Roundup: Jan. 25, 2023
TCU Tennis, Rifle, Track and Field, and Golf were all in action this week for the Frogs
By Drew_Carlton Jan 25, 2023, 11:30am CST
Share All sharing options for: Horned Frog Sports Roundup: Jan. 25, 2023
Photo by Isaiah J. Downing/NCAA Photos via Getty Images
Women's Tennis: The Frogs had two matches over the weekend, both in Fort Worth. They faced off against UTSA on Friday and Northwestern State on Saturday and were dominant on both days. TCU secured the win over UTSA by a score of 7-0 to open the regular season after a preseason tournament earlier in the year. UTSA was only playing with 5 players and therefore surrendered one doubles match to the Frogs by default. The Frogs needed just 1 doubles win after that to secure the point and Helena Narmont and Yu-Chin Tsai won against UTSA's second pairing by a score of 6-3. The Frogs were also winning the top doubles matchup 5-2 when Tsai and Narmont clinched the point. The Frogs also got a singles win by default due to UTSA not being able to field a 6th singles competitor. Mercedes Arestigui, Jade Otway, Tsai, and Narmont all won their singles matches in 2 sets while Destinee Martins did a nice job battling back after dropping the first set to win the match in 3 sets.
The match on Saturday was another sweep from TCU as they defeated Northwestern State by a score of 6-0. Narmont and Tsai had an excellent performance in doubles yet again, winning the match 6-1. Destinee Martins and Margaret Polk secured the doubles point for the Frogs against the 3rd pairing from Northwestern State by a score of 6-2. The top pairing of Aristegui and Otway was once again firmly in the lead when the point was clinched for the Frogs with a score of 5-3. The singles matchups were more of the same as no Frog lost a set in their matches against Northwestern State as Aristegui, Otway, and Narmont all recorded 6-0 sets in their singles matches. The Frogs will look to continue their hot start back in Fort Worth with two matches against SEC opponents on back-to-back days against Alabama on Saturday, February 4th, and against Ole Miss on Sunday, February 5th.
Men's Tennis: The Frogs hit the road for the first time this season as they traveled to Tulsa to take on the Golden Hurricane last Sunday. TCU continued its strong start to the season with a 6-1 victory. The Frogs' dominance in doubles continued with a 6-1 victory from Jake Fearnley and Luc Fomba in the number 2 position and a 6-3 win from Pedro Vives and Sebastian Gorzny in the number 3 position. The number 1 pairing of Sander Jong and Lui Maxted for TCU was ahead 5-4 as well when the doubles point was clinched. The Frogs have still yet to lose a doubles match this season. Jong, Fearnley, Fomba, Maxted, and Gorzny all won their singles match for the Frogs in two sets while Pedro Vives battled but ultimately lost his match in a very close two sets. The Frogs are back in action this weekend as an ITA kickoff weekend host and 1 seed and will face the 4 seed Gonzaga on Saturday and either Texas Tech or Utah on Sunday.
Track and Field: TCU track and field sent representatives to two different meets this past weekend with Frogs running in the distance-only meet at Vanderbilt in Nashville on Friday and Saturday along with a meet in Lubbock on Friday at the Red Raider Open. Two Frogs came away with wins in the events on the first day in Nashville with Ryan Martin finishing first in the 1,000 meter thanks to a personal best time of 2:23.69. Sophomore Graydon Morris was the top runner in the 5,000 meter with an overall time of 14:19.64. Stone Burke finished in the top 10 of the 5,000 meter coming in 9th and and Corey Hatchel finished top 10 in the 1,000 meter as well. The Frogs had two top 5 finishers in the women's 5k in Nashville as Mariana Martinez and Peyton Mcquillan both had very good races coming in second and fourth respectively.
Mcquillan followed that run up with another strong day on Saturday by running a personal best mile time of 5:06.70. Gracie Morris had a great race on Saturday too as she won the 3,000 meter with a time of 9:31.49. Morris was a star for TCU Cross Country in the fall, qualifying for the NCAA National Championship meet in the 1500 meter, and has continued to be a big-time contributor for Track and Field. Josh Benford had a very solid showing on Day 2 of the Nashville meet as well as he placed 27th in the 800 meter. Noah Winters was the top runner for the Frogs in the mile placing 38th overall.
The Red Raider Invitational was a very successful one for the Frogs. Gavin Champ headlined the performance with a second place finish in triple jump. Ben Kirbo had a solid performance in pole vault coming in 8th overall. Jaren Holmes and Patrick Sylla both competed in the long jump for TCU and both had top 10 finishes, coming in 3rd and 6th respectively. Ke'Yona Gabriel had a strong showing in the triple jump for the Frogs with a leap of 12.20m, good for 8th overall. Kyler Van Grouw was the lone competitor for TCU in the men's shot put and came in 8th with a throw of 14.71 meters. TCU has this weekend off before traveling to New Mexico State and Iowa State for meets on Friday and Saturday, February 3rd and 4th.
Rifle: The Frogs continued their undefeated season with a win at number 6 ranked Nebraska with an aggregate team score of 4744 over the Cornhuskers' 4710. The Frogs had the two top shooters in terms of aggregate score in Julie Johannessen and Stephanie Grundsoe who placed 1st and 2nd with scores of 1192 and 1190 respectively. TCU shined in the air rifle event especially as they had the top 4 shooters overall in Johannessen, Grundsoe, Abby Gordon, and Katie Zaun. Johannessen and Grundsoe were the two overall leaders in smallbore as both had scores of 593. Zaun also finished in the top 5 in smallbore with a score of 587, good for 4th place in the event. Next the Frogs travel to El Paso to face off against UTEP this coming Saturday, January 28th.
Women's Golf: The Frogs had a tough tournament at the Match in the Desert in Arizona, finishing 6th out of 6 teams. The Frogs shot 7 over par on the only day of the tournament at the Superstition Mountain Golf Course in Gold Canyon. Caitlyn Mcnab was the best golfer for the Frogs shooting 2 under on the day which was good for a top 15 finish and 11th overall in the tournament. The Frogs had 3 other golfers finish in the top 30 as both Lois Lau and Sofia Barroso shot 2 over, good to tie for 26th overall, and Sabrina Nguyen shot 3 over, competing as an individual, to come in 30th. The Frogs' next tournament is in Nassau, Bahamas, February 13th-15th for the Nexus Women's Collegiate.


Industrial is in; and the Osbourne Swivel Barstool embodies industrial in every form of the word. The incredibly gorgeous Copper Brushed Steel finish provides a look of style, elegance and modern flair not often seen embodied in barstools. The seat exemplifies the intricate, beauty and industrialization of mankind by providing a seat only on the same well-made materials that holds the whole thing together as one, quality barstool. Though it may seem intricate in its design,it offers vertical adjustability as well as a swivel feature so that you're movement is as free as its concept.


text:
HomeStatisticsSports StarsJimmy Butler Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Jimmy Butler Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Jimmy Butler Quick Info
Jimmy Butler is an American professional basketball player who has represented teams such as Chicago Bulls (2011-2017), Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–2018), Philadelphia 76ers (2018–2019), and Miami Heat (2019–Present) in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He has been selected multiple times for the NBA 'All-Star Game' (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020) and included in the NBA 'All-Defensive Second Team' (2014, 2015, 2016, 2018). In 2015, he was named as the NBA's 'Most Improved Player'. Representing the United States, he had won the 'Gold' medal at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics.
Jimmy Butler III
Jimmy G. Buckets, The Butler
Jimmy Butler as seen in an Instagram Post in April 2017 (Jimmy Butler / Instagram)
Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States
Jimmy had graduated from Tomball High School in Tomball, Texas. He had then attended the Tyler Junior College, a community college in Tyler, Texas, from 2007 to 2008. Later that year, he had taken a transfer to and joined the Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from where he had graduated in 2011.
Professional Basketball Player
Jimmy Butler as seen in an Instagram Post in May 2019 (Jimmy Butler / Instagram)
Father – Jimmy Butler
Mother – Londa Butler
Others – Michelle Lambert (Adoptive Mother), Jordan Leslie (Adoptive Brother) (Professional American Football Player)
Small Forward, Shooting Guard
4 – United States
21 – Chicago Bulls
23 – Minnesota Timberwolves
23 – Philadelphia 76ers
22 – Miami Heat
6 ft 7 in or 200.5 cm
104 kg or 229 lbs
Jimmy Butler as seen in an Instagram Post in February 2020 (Jimmy Butler / Instagram)
Jimmy has dated –
Charmaine Piula (2015-2016)
Shay Mitchell (2016)
Lolo Jones (2017-2018)
Rachel DeMita (2018) – Rumor
Iggy Azalea (2018)
Kaitlin Nowak (2018-2020) – Rumor
Selena Gomez – It was publicly revealed in December 2020 that Jimmy and singer, Selena Gomez had gone on a few dates in the past when she was in New York City.
He has a daughter named Rylee (b. October 2019) from an unnamed relationship, though it has been widely speculated that Rylee was born to Kaitlin Nowak.
He is of African-American descent.
Toned physique
Side-cropped, spiked, afro hairstyle
Sports a goatee
Affable smile
In 2021, he appeared in the Super Bowl commercial for Michelob Ultra alongside Anthony Davis, Peyton Manning, and many more. He was also seen in the "2022 Super Bowl" commercial for Michelob Ultra along with Peyton Manning, Nneka Ogwumike, Brooks Koepka, and Alex Morgan.
Jimmy Butler Favorite Things
Music Genre – Country music
Sports – Basketball, Soccer
Soccer Player – Neymar
Soccer Club – Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
Source – Wikipedia
Jimmy Butler as seen in an Instagram Post in March 2018 (Jimmy Butler / Instagram)
Jimmy Butler Facts
He had a troubled childhood as his father had abandoned the family when he was just a toddler and his mother had disowned him when he was about 13 years old. He had then stayed at several of his friends' homes for years, staying a few weeks in one place before moving to another. Despite these troubles, he had stated in an interview that he had reunited with both his parents later on in his life and they had maintained a very cordial relationship.
In his wilderness years, just before his senior year at Tomball High School, he was challenged by Jordan Leslie, a freshman football and basketball player at the school, to a 3-point shooting contest. They became great friends thereafter and Jimmy began staying at Jordan's home. A few months later, he was even adopted by Jordan's mother, Michelle Lambert, as her son.
In his senior year at Tomball High School, he was named the team's captain and for his performances (average of 19.9 points and 8.7 rebounds per game), he had been named the team's 'Most Valuable Player'.
He had met Hollywood superstar Mark Wahlberg in Chicago while the latter was shooting for the 2014 sci-fi film Transformers: Age of Extinction. They soon became very good friends and had even vacationed together in Paris.
Featured Image by Jimmy Butler / Instagram
Olivia Greaves Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Marko Livaja Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Sweta Singh Height, Weight, Age, Facts, Biography
Jhanak Shukla Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics


I have a Pseudomonas aeruginosa count – what next?
HTM 04-01 Parts B and C prescribe methods for mitigating the risk of contamination/colonisation with P. aeruginosa; including the need for the Water Safety Group [WSG] to commission and agree a Water Safety Plan [WSP] that considers the risk from P. aeruginosa to patients. If there are augmented care areas within the healthcare organisation then these need to be risk-assessed and a sampling plan established. The HTM 04-01 Part B details where samples should be taken, sampling should not be a 'fishing' exercise! The WSG should agree the sample points and ensure that the WSP outlines the actions to take.
On confirmation of a positive P. aeruginosa test result, infection prevention and control will decide whether an outlet is to remain in normal use, be fitted with a point-of-use microbiological filter or taken out of service. The HTM 04-01 Part B, Appendix D 'Action Plan' can assist this decision-making process by offering clear guidance on recommended remedial and re-sampling actions dependent upon the number of bacterial cells recovered within a given sample.
A significant proportion of P. aeruginosa positive test results are attributed to infrequent use or poor flushing of the outlet(s). Upon receipt of a pre-flush positive test result, it's indicated to increase flushing thus increasing the movement of water and retest the outlet in three days. Moreover the bacterial count will often reveal 'how' an outlet is used in practice; so whilst it's recommended to commence flushing of affected outlets (so as to not exacerbate stagnation), the bacterial count will often determine whether or not the outlet is to be kept in service.
Should routine sampling return a pre-flush water sample test positive for P. aeruginosa with a reported count between 1-10 cfu/100ml, then it's indicated to re-sample pre and post-flush. If the re-samples return negative results (i.e. 'Not Detected') then sampling will revert to once every 6-months.
When P. aeruginosa counts between 1-10 cfu/100ml are initially reported from a previously unaffected outlet it's not indicated to remove the outlet from service. However, it is prudent to consider that the only safe level of P. aeruginosa is '0' and water sample results are only a 'snapshot in time'. This often results in the outlet being removed from service or the installation of a point-of-use filter until a subsequent sample tests negative for P. aeruginosa – considering that sampling for this pathogen is only indicated within high-risk patient areas and many of these patients will have suppressed immunity and or underlying health problems which make them more susceptible to infection and subsequent disease.
Review the use of the outlet – a wash hand basin is designed for washing hands and not for disposal of body fluids or dirty water!
The position of the tap into the wash hand basin – avoid splash and spray including direct fall of the water on to the waste opening at the bottom.
In summary, for as long as outlets are well maintained, used or flushed and water temperatures remain within specification then problems seldom occur with P. aeruginosa.
When issues occur with positive water sample results, refer to the Water Safety Plan, which will in turn detail the need for reviews to take place involving the three key stakeholders of estates, domestics and healthcare workers. Each to ensure that their individual interactions with the affected outlet are not the root cause.
Avoid water stagnation – slow moving or stagnant water encourages the growth and proliferation of P. aeruginosa [and other waterborne bacteria].
Adequate engineering control – ensure that hot and cold-water systems remain within specification i.e. control water temperature and eliminate components that encourage P. aeruginosa.
Cleanliness – ensure that outlets are cleaned correctly to help mitigate the risk of P. aeruginosa [and other waterborne bacteria] proliferating the 'local system' and outlets.
Appropriate use of hand-wash basins – they are designed for washing hands and nothing else e.g. disposal of body fluids!
If you have any questions about Pseudomonas aeruginosa, please don't hesitate to get in touch with Water Hygiene Centre by clicking here.


text:
   /*******************************************************/
   /*      "C" Language Integrated Production System      */
   /*                                                     */
   /*             CLIPS Version 6.24  07/01/05            */
   /*                                                     */
   /*                SORT FUNCTIONS MODULE                */
   /*******************************************************/

/*************************************************************/
/* Purpose: Contains the code for sorting functions.         */
/*                                                           */
/* Principal Programmer(s):                                  */
/*      Gary D. Riley                                        */
/*                                                           */
/* Contributing Programmer(s):                               */
/*                                                           */
/* Revision History:                                         */
/*      6.23: Correction for FalseSymbol/TrueSymbol. DR0859  */
/*                                                           */
/*      6.24: The sort function leaks memory when called     */
/*            with a multifield value of length zero.        */
/*            DR0864                                         */
/*                                                           */
/*************************************************************/

#define _SORTFUN_SOURCE_

#include "setup.h"

#include "argacces.h"
#include "dffnxfun.h"
#include "envrnmnt.h"
#include "evaluatn.h"
#include "extnfunc.h"
#include "memalloc.h"
#include "multifld.h"
#include "sysdep.h"

#include "sortfun.h"

#define SORTFUN_DATA 7

struct sortFunctionData
  {
   struct expr *SortComparisonFunction;
  };

#define SortFunctionData(theEnv) ((struct sortFunctionData *) GetEnvironmentData(theEnv,SORTFUN_DATA))

/***************************************/
/* LOCAL INTERNAL FUNCTION DEFINITIONS */
/***************************************/

   static void                    DoMergeSort(void *,DATA_OBJECT *,DATA_OBJECT *,unsigned long,
                                              unsigned long,unsigned long,unsigned long,
                                              int (*)(void *,DATA_OBJECT *,DATA_OBJECT *));
   static int                     DefaultCompareSwapFunction(void *,DATA_OBJECT *,DATA_OBJECT *);
   static void                    DeallocateSortFunctionData(void *);

/****************************************/
/* SortFunctionDefinitions: Initializes */
/*   the sorting functions.             */
/****************************************/
globle void SortFunctionDefinitions(
  void *theEnv)
  {
   AllocateEnvironmentData(theEnv,SORTFUN_DATA,sizeof(struct sortFunctionData),DeallocateSortFunctionData);
#if ! RUN_TIME
   EnvDefineFunction2(theEnv,"sort",'u', PTIEF SortFunction,"SortFunction","1**w");
#endif
  }

/*******************************************************/
/* DeallocateSortFunctionData: Deallocates environment */
/*    data for the sort function.                      */
/*******************************************************/
static void DeallocateSortFunctionData(
  void *theEnv)
  {
   ReturnExpression(theEnv,SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction);
  }

/**************************************/
/* DefaultCompareSwapFunction:  */
/**************************************/
static int DefaultCompareSwapFunction(
  void *theEnv,
  DATA_OBJECT *item1,
  DATA_OBJECT *item2)
  {
   DATA_OBJECT returnValue;

   SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction->argList = GenConstant(theEnv,item1->type,item1->value);
   SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction->argList->nextArg = GenConstant(theEnv,item2->type,item2->value);
   ExpressionInstall(theEnv,SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction);
   EvaluateExpression(theEnv,SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction,&returnValue);
   ExpressionDeinstall(theEnv,SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction);
   ReturnExpression(theEnv,SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction->argList);
   SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction->argList = NULL;

   if ((GetType(returnValue) == SYMBOL) &&
       (GetValue(returnValue) == EnvFalseSymbol(theEnv)))
     { return(FALSE); }

   return(TRUE);
  }

/**************************************/
/* SortFunction: H/L access routine   */
/*   for the rest$ function.          */
/**************************************/
globle void SortFunction(
  void *theEnv,
  DATA_OBJECT_PTR returnValue)
  {
   long argumentCount, i, j, k = 0;
   DATA_OBJECT *theArguments, *theArguments2;
   DATA_OBJECT theArg;
   struct multifield *theMultifield, *tempMultifield;
   char *functionName;
   struct expr *functionReference;
   int argumentSize = 0;
   struct FunctionDefinition *fptr;
#if DEFFUNCTION_CONSTRUCT
   DEFFUNCTION *dptr;
#endif

   /*==================================*/
   /* Set up the default return value. */
   /*==================================*/

   SetpType(returnValue,SYMBOL);
   SetpValue(returnValue,EnvFalseSymbol(theEnv));

   /*=============================================*/
   /* The function expects at least one argument. */
   /*=============================================*/

   if ((argumentCount = EnvArgCountCheck(theEnv,"sort",AT_LEAST,1)) == -1)
     { return; }

   /*=============================================*/
   /* Verify that the comparison function exists. */
   /*=============================================*/

   if (EnvArgTypeCheck(theEnv,"sort",1,SYMBOL,&theArg) == FALSE)
     { return; }

   functionName = DOToString(theArg);
   functionReference = FunctionReferenceExpression(theEnv,functionName);
   if (functionReference == NULL)
     {
      ExpectedTypeError1(theEnv,"sort",1,"function name, deffunction name, or defgeneric name");
      return;
     }

   /*======================================*/
   /* For an external function, verify the */
   /* correct number of arguments.         */
   /*======================================*/

   if (functionReference->type == FCALL)
     {
      fptr = (struct FunctionDefinition *) functionReference->value;
      if ((GetMinimumArgs(fptr) > 2) ||
          (GetMaximumArgs(fptr) == 0) ||
          (GetMaximumArgs(fptr) == 1))
        {
         ExpectedTypeError1(theEnv,"sort",1,"function name expecting two arguments");
         ReturnExpression(theEnv,functionReference);
         return;
        }
     }

   /*=======================================*/
   /* For a deffunction, verify the correct */
   /* number of arguments.                  */
   /*=======================================*/

#if DEFFUNCTION_CONSTRUCT
   if (functionReference->type == PCALL)
     {
      dptr = (DEFFUNCTION *) functionReference->value;
      if ((dptr->minNumberOfParameters > 2) ||
          (dptr->maxNumberOfParameters == 0) ||
          (dptr->maxNumberOfParameters == 1))
        {
         ExpectedTypeError1(theEnv,"sort",1,"deffunction name expecting two arguments");
         ReturnExpression(theEnv,functionReference);
         return;
        }
     }
#endif

   /*=====================================*/
   /* If there are no items to be sorted, */
   /* then return an empty multifield.    */
   /*=====================================*/

   if (argumentCount == 1)
     {
      EnvSetMultifieldErrorValue(theEnv,returnValue);
      ReturnExpression(theEnv,functionReference);
      return;
     }

   /*=====================================*/
   /* Retrieve the arguments to be sorted */
   /* and determine how many there are.   */
   /*=====================================*/

   theArguments = (DATA_OBJECT *) genalloc(theEnv,(argumentCount - 1) * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));

   for (i = 2; i <= argumentCount; i++)
     {
      EnvRtnUnknown(theEnv,i,&theArguments[i-2]);
      if (GetType(theArguments[i-2]) == MULTIFIELD)
        { argumentSize += GetpDOLength(&theArguments[i-2]); }
      else
        { argumentSize++; }
     }

   if (argumentSize == 0)
     {
      genfree(theEnv,theArguments,(argumentCount - 1) * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT)); /* Bug Fix */
      EnvSetMultifieldErrorValue(theEnv,returnValue);
      ReturnExpression(theEnv,functionReference);
      return;
     }

   /*====================================*/
   /* Pack all of the items to be sorted */
   /* into a data object array.          */
   /*====================================*/

   theArguments2 = (DATA_OBJECT *) genalloc(theEnv,argumentSize * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));

   for (i = 2; i <= argumentCount; i++)
     {
      if (GetType(theArguments[i-2]) == MULTIFIELD)
        {
         tempMultifield = (struct multifield *) GetValue(theArguments[i-2]);
         for (j = GetDOBegin(theArguments[i-2]); j <= GetDOEnd(theArguments[i-2]); j++, k++)
           {
            SetType(theArguments2[k],GetMFType(tempMultifield,j));
            SetValue(theArguments2[k],GetMFValue(tempMultifield,j));
           }
        }
      else
        {
         SetType(theArguments2[k],GetType(theArguments[i-2]));
         SetValue(theArguments2[k],GetValue(theArguments[i-2]));
         k++;
        }
     }

   genfree(theEnv,theArguments,(argumentCount - 1) * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));

   functionReference->nextArg = SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction;
   SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction = functionReference;

   for (i = 0; i < argumentSize; i++)
     { ValueInstall(theEnv,&theArguments2[i]); }

   MergeSort(theEnv,(unsigned long) argumentSize,theArguments2,DefaultCompareSwapFunction);

   for (i = 0; i < argumentSize; i++)
     { ValueDeinstall(theEnv,&theArguments2[i]); }

   SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction = SortFunctionData(theEnv)->SortComparisonFunction->nextArg;
   functionReference->nextArg = NULL;
   ReturnExpression(theEnv,functionReference);

   theMultifield = (struct multifield *) EnvCreateMultifield(theEnv,(unsigned long) argumentSize);

   for (i = 0; i < argumentSize; i++)
     {
      SetMFType(theMultifield,i+1,GetType(theArguments2[i]));
      SetMFValue(theMultifield,i+1,GetValue(theArguments2[i]));
     }

   genfree(theEnv,theArguments2,argumentSize * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));

   SetpType(returnValue,MULTIFIELD);
   SetpDOBegin(returnValue,1);
   SetpDOEnd(returnValue,argumentSize);
   SetpValue(returnValue,(void *) theMultifield);
  }

/*******************************************/
/* MergeSort: Sorts a list of fields       */
/*   according to user specified criteria. */
/*******************************************/
void MergeSort(
  void *theEnv,
  unsigned long listSize,
  DATA_OBJECT *theList,
  int (*swapFunction)(void *,DATA_OBJECT *,DATA_OBJECT  *))
  {
   DATA_OBJECT *tempList;
   unsigned long middle;

   if (listSize <= 1) return;

   /*==============================*/
   /* Create the temporary storage */
   /* needed for the merge sort.   */
   /*==============================*/

   tempList = (DATA_OBJECT *) genalloc(theEnv,listSize * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));

   /*=====================================*/
   /* Call the merge sort driver routine. */
   /*=====================================*/

   middle = (listSize + 1) / 2;
   DoMergeSort(theEnv,theList,tempList,0,middle-1,middle,listSize - 1,swapFunction);

   /*==================================*/
   /* Deallocate the temporary storage */
   /* needed by the merge sort.        */
   /*==================================*/

   genfree(theEnv,tempList,listSize * sizeof(DATA_OBJECT));
  }

/******************************************************/
/* DoMergeSort: Driver routine for performing a merge */
/*   sort on an array of DATA_OBJECT structures.      */
/******************************************************/
static void DoMergeSort(
  void *theEnv,
  DATA_OBJECT *theList,
  DATA_OBJECT *tempList,
  unsigned long s1,
  unsigned long e1,
  unsigned long s2,
  unsigned long e2,
  int (*swapFunction)(void *,DATA_OBJECT *,DATA_OBJECT *))
  {
   DATA_OBJECT temp;
   unsigned long middle, size;
   unsigned long c1, c2, mergePoint;

   /* Sort the two subareas before merging them. */

   if (s1 == e1)
     { /* List doesn't need to be merged. */ }
   else if ((s1 + 1) == e1)
     {
      if ((*swapFunction)(theEnv,&theList[s1],&theList[e1]))
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&temp,&theList[s1]);
         TransferDataObjectValues(&theList[s1],&theList[e1]);
         TransferDataObjectValues(&theList[e1],&temp);
        }
     }
   else
     {
      size = ((e1 - s1) + 1);
      middle = s1 + ((size + 1) / 2);
      DoMergeSort(theEnv,theList,tempList,s1,middle-1,middle,e1,swapFunction);
     }

   if (s2 == e2)
     { /* List doesn't need to be merged. */ }
   else if ((s2 + 1) == e2)
     {
      if ((*swapFunction)(theEnv,&theList[s2],&theList[e2]))
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&temp,&theList[s2]);
         TransferDataObjectValues(&theList[s2],&theList[e2]);
         TransferDataObjectValues(&theList[e2],&temp);
        }
     }
   else
     {
      size = ((e2 - s2) + 1);
      middle = s2 + ((size + 1) / 2);
      DoMergeSort(theEnv,theList,tempList,s2,middle-1,middle,e2,swapFunction);
     }

   /*======================*/
   /* Merge the two areas. */
   /*======================*/

   mergePoint = s1;
   c1 = s1;
   c2 = s2;

   while (mergePoint <= e2)
     {
      if (c1 > e1)
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&tempList[mergePoint],&theList[c2]);
         c2++;
         mergePoint++;
        }
      else if (c2 > e2)
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&tempList[mergePoint],&theList[c1]);
         c1++;
         mergePoint++;
        }
      else if ((*swapFunction)(theEnv,&theList[c1],&theList[c2]))
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&tempList[mergePoint],&theList[c2]);
         c2++;
         mergePoint++;
        }
      else
        {
         TransferDataObjectValues(&tempList[mergePoint],&theList[c1]);
         c1++;
         mergePoint++;
        }
     }

   /*=======================================*/
   /* Copy them back to the original array. */
   /*=======================================*/

   for (c1 = s1; c1 <= e2; c1++)
     { TransferDataObjectValues(&theList[c1],&tempList[c1]); }
  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At Butterflies And Wheels, we completely respect your online privacy. We are fully committed to safeguarding your online privacy and personal information while you're here at the butterfliesandwheels.org website. We will never sell your personal information and/or email address to third parties or anyone else.
Here is information on what types of personal information we receive and collect when you use visit butterfliesandwheels.org, and how we safeguard your information.
We generally do not provide to anyone else any personally identifiable information relating to Website users other than information that Website users post on interactive sections of the Website. We may use anonymous information gathered from the Website for the management and improvement of the Website.
We reserve the right to disclose all information collected via the Website, internally or to third parties, for any lawful purpose or to prevent harm to us or others. For example and without limitation, in our discretion we may disclose information to government regulators, law enforcement authorities or alleged victims of identity theft. We may dispose of information in our discretion without notice, subject to applicable law.
When you submit a letter to the editor or leave a comment on a post, you are asked to provide your name and email address. We will never publish or sell either of these–they are only used internally to allow for pseudonymous comments.
When you submit the contact form, you are also asked for your name and email address. The only way this information will be used is to contact you in the event that your comment requires a response.
At this time, butterfliesandwheels.org is ad-free and does not use any outside advertising companies or services.
Our primary audience is adults and young adults. We do not intend to collect any personal information from children under the age of 13. Any use of the Website by children under the age of 13 should be conducted under the supervision of that child's parent or guardian. Information should not be submitted to or posted at the Website by anyone under 13 years of age without the consent of their parent or guardian. Children can browse the Website without any personal information being collected.


text:
Tag Archive | "yunnan"
Kyaukpyu pipeline not up to global standards, MP says
The Kyaukpyu-Yunnan pipeline running from Burma into China does not meet international standards and shows signs of cracking in some places, an MP told a Union assembly. MP Tun Aung Kyaw of Ponnagyun issued an analysis noting that the pipeline should be buried a minimum of 15 feet deep and have outer walls at least […]
Kyaukpyu to Kunming pipeline construction officially commenced
Burma has officially commenced construction of the main gas pipeline connecting the natural deep sea port of Kyaukpyu, Ramree Island, to China's southern city Kunming, in China's Yunnan province. Although much construction has already been made at Kyaukpyu port, the official commencement on August 1st 2011 of the pipeline is seen as a major advancement […]
China Railway to build Yunnan-Kyaukpyu route
Beijing has announced that China Railway will construct the 810 km railway connecting the Chinese city of Dali, Yunnan province to Kyaukpyu on Ramree Island, Burma. Under the signed MOU, China Railway would be in-charge of building the railroad and said it expected to complete the project within three years. It has been previously reported […]


text:
White House Announces New Rules For Press Conferences After Acosta's Antics
The White House's decision comes after they had the Secret Service take Acosta's press pass on November 7, when he refused to give up the microphone after asking repeated questions and touched a young female aide who tried to take the microphone away.
The White House outlined the following four new rules that reporters must abide by at press conferences:
1. A journalist called upon to ask a question will ask a single question and then will yield the floor to other journalists;
2. At the discretion of the President or other White House official taking questions, a follow-up question or questions may be permitted; and where a follow up has been allowed and asked, the questioner will then yield the floor;
3. "Yielding the floor" includes, when applicable, physically surrendering the microphone to White House staff for use by the next questioner;
4. Failure to abide by any of rules (1)-(3) may result in suspension or revocation of the journalist's hard pass.
"President Trump believes in a free press and expects and welcomes tough questions of him and his Administration," White House press secretary Sarah Sanders tweeted the day Acosta's press pass was taken away. "We will, however, never tolerate a reporter placing his hands on a young woman just trying to do her job as a White House intern."- READ MORE
Judge bars US from enforcing Trump administration's asylum ban
Vet Tweets He's Going To Kill Himself. Then James Woods Launches Effort To Save Him.
Biden non-profit suspends operations: 'Had trouble maintaining momentum'
'Exhausting': Crenshaw Blasts the 'out of Control' Political Rhetoric That Is Flooding Washington DC
Minnesota city council reinstates Pledge of Allegiance after widespread backlash
Illegal Alien Accused of Killing Illinois Father of Two Locked Up on $1M Bail
Border rancher: Illegals only getting worse — 'Don't know what's lurking in darkness or daylight'


On May 15th 2017, in the Belli Room of the Autonomous Province of Trento, a meeting of the Action Group "Brenner Railway" (Comunità d'Azione Ferrovia del Brennero, CAB) has taken place. During this meeting, the Provincial Agency for the Protection of the Environment of Trento has presented the BrennerLEC project. Among the participants, the assessor Gilmozzi, different representatives of the Brenner Basis Tunnel (BBT) and of the University of Trento.
The project presentation has been one of the hottest topics of the meeting, as confirmed by some articles appeared the day after on some local newspapers.


text:
Gipsy.cz — чеський реп-гурт напрямку хіп-хоп, заснований 2006 року. Назва в перекладі з англійської перекладається як «цигани» (.cz - інтернет-домен для Чехії), оскільки всі учасники групи (і колишні, і нинішні) - цигани за національністю.

Гурт відомий участю на фестивалі Гластонберри 2007 року, а також участю у півфіналі конкурсу Євробачення 2009, де посів останнє місце, не набравши жодного очка.

Дискографія
 Romano HipHop (2006)
 Reprezent (2008)

Посилання
 Офіційний сайт
 Чехія на Євробаченні 2009

Чеські музичні гурти
Музичні колективи, що з'явились 2006
Представники Чехії на Євробаченні
Засновані в Чехії 2006

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia