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Lords: 21 October 2016
Marriage and Civil Partnership (Minimum Age) Bill [HL]
Volume 774: debated on Friday 21 October 2016
Baroness Tonge
That the Bill be now read a second time.
(Ind LD)
My Lords, child marriage, which is marriage that takes place before one or both of the spouses has reached adulthood, is a global phenomenon although it is most prevalent in the developing world. However, there is evidence that it is still happening in the UK and in other developed countries. While boys can be married when they are children too, it is girls who are disproportionately affected by child marriage. I hope that noble Lords are aware that when really young children are married, the consequences for girls are enormous. They can suffer lifelong injuries following childbirth and, because they then have children to look after, they lose out on education and opportunity.
The all-party parliamentary group that I chair held hearings on child marriage in 2012. We took a great deal of evidence and heard many stories about horrendous child marriages and their consequences as well as taking testimonies from British women who had been married against their will between the ages of 16 and 18. We also learned during those hearings that young girls in the 16 to 18 age group are often badly treated and abused within their new families. The report is entitled A Childhood Lost and it is still available online and from my office. When older girls but still under the age of 18 marry, they also frequently lose out on educational opportunities. I can well remember years ago in one of my clinics giving advice to two sisters, both of whom were being taken out of school after sitting their GCSEs in which they had done very well. They were to be sent abroad to be married. Their parents wished this, and although the sisters desperately wanted to continue with their education and did not know their future partners, they were obedient and were going willingly to comply with their parents' wishes.
At the moment we do not know exactly how many children under the age of 18 are being married, willingly or not, but we do know that in 2014 the United Kingdom Forced Marriage Unit gave advice about or provided support related to possible forced marriage in 1,267 cases. Of those, 11% involved children aged 16 and 17. Most child marriages are forced marriages, but not all forced marriages involve children—that is an important distinction.
The Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 made forced marriage a criminal offence and strengthened provisions relating to the consent of children when involved in marriage between the ages of 16 and 18. Many such young marriages may not appear to be forced because of the compliance of the young person concerned with their parents.
I wish to concentrate on the 16 to 18 age group. The current minimum legal age to enter into marriage in England and Wales is 16 years, with parental consent required from 16 to 18. I want all young people in this country to fulfil their dreams for the future. Target 3 in goal 5 of the new sustainable development goals commits all UN member states to,
"eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation",
by 2030. Numerous conventions exist and have been signed by the UK, including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which specifies that "child" means every human being below the age of 18.
My Bill is to make illegal any marriage of a young person under the age of 18, straight or gay—and it applies to marriage and civil partnerships. I propose the measure for several reasons and have the support of several NGOs set up to demand change for young people caught by provision in the existing law.
First, as I have already pointed out, girls in particular lose out on educational opportunity, which can seldom be regained. Parental consent in a family where parents are strict and domineering could mean parental insistence and the young person being forced to go along with the decision. I am well aware of the sensitivities around not wanting to offend different cultural groups in this country, but the Bill will benefit their children's future and that of children who are indigenous here.
Is it really wise in any case to be married at 16, with or without consent? At 16, I would have married Richard Burton given half the chance, but fortunately for me the offer never came. At 16, young people can be sexually active, but that no longer means that they must commit to the first person they have sex with. Marriage is a legally binding process and very expensive to reverse should the great love of youth be lost.
Some noble Lords may argue that if I support voting at 16, which I do, then I should support marriage at that same age, but voting for the wrong party can be corrected in a maximum of five years, but not so marriage —and referenda, it would appear. Yes, 16 year-olds can join the Army—this is another campaign I know about—but in the UK they can opt out of that commitment at any time after the first three weeks up to the age of 18. They cannot opt out of marriage.
It has been pointed out to me in recent days that a problem could arise with refugees and immigrants. It was suggested that I was trying to make immigration difficult for young people who had married as children, or prevent refugees coming here by erecting another barrier. Nothing could be further from the truth. I understand that, according to our present law, marriages are recognised if they took place legally under the laws of the country of origin. The issue clearly needs to be looked at in more detail, with amendments tabled as necessary in Committee. My Bill seeks to raise the minimum age of marriage or civil partnership and will amend Section 2 and omit Section 3 of the Marriage Act 1949 and amend Section 3(1)(c) and omit Section 4 of the Civil Partnership Act 2004. It will also amend those parts of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 which were about forced marriages: subsections (1)(a) and (b) of Section 121 and subsection (2). It will apply only to England and Wales.
Marriage is legally binding and irreversible without great difficulty. We should be protecting our children from this until they are 18 years old by passing this Bill to establish 18 as the minimum age of marriage, with no exceptions for customary law, parental consent or judicial consent. I beg to move.
Baroness Uddin
(Non-Afl)
My Lords, each year, globally, 15 million girls are married under the age of 18. This all too frequently signals the end of their education, it risks early pregnancy and childbirth and it certainly seriously curtails their personal development and potential life chances. Child marriage looks the same no matter where in the world it happens and in the UK, like elsewhere, it perpetuates cycles of poverty, oppression and inequality. A change in the law would provide real protection for our children and empower them to make their own choices when they are physically and emotionally mature enough to do so, so I support my noble friend. I should also say that I am pleased to serve as vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health.
It is time that we put our own house in order. We have been courageous in our international development ambitions and Britain often calls other countries to account for falling behind on theirs. I do not have the figures to hand, but many of our friends around the world are making efforts to ensure that the age of marriage is 18, although I acknowledge that in many ways this may only be emblematic. This was the very subject of a recent European Parliamentary Forum discussion to which Holly Lynch MP and I contributed. It seems that despite good laws being in place, in many countries of Africa, Asia and the Middle East early marriages continue to blight women's lives. We often speak of women's education and participation in the labour force being a catalyst for gender advances; however it seems that despite women experiencing levels of equity at university level and participating in the labour force, there remain vast swathes of women who continue to suffer from early marriage.
Our banal imagination can run away with the picture of some remote villages in India, Africa, Bangladesh and Pakistan practising early marriage, but the truth is that we cannot leave room for complacency: we have early marriage written into our laws. While there may be many 16 and 17 year-olds here in the UK who feel they are ready and mature enough to enter into marriage, by our very own law these adolescents are still children until they reach the age of 18. The reality is that having a parental consent clause not only sanctions children to make lifelong, adult decisions while they are still children, it also, sadly, continues to aid practices such as forced marriage in many communities across the UK. While I note significant attitudinal changes in my own area of Tower Hamlets to forced marriage, as a chair of the 1998 task force on forced marriage I am not content with the numbers of reports still being dealt with. Some 40% of calls received by the helpline of the Government's Forced Marriage Unit concerned minors and 15% concerned children under the age of 15. Our current law on marriage is putting children at risk of being married too early. This is not a risk the Government should be willing to take.
Noble Lords who are wavering in support of the Bill should take a moment to reflect on why it is important to have laws that set a minimum age of marriage. We know that all Governments responsible for the well-being and safeguarding of children have clear and consistent legislation that establishes 18 as the minimum age of marriage, with no exception for parental or judicial consent. Setting the minimum age of marriage at 18 provides an objective rather than a subjective standard of maturity, which protects a child from being married when they are not physically, mentally or emotionally ready. It is also an important step towards ensuring that all individuals have free and full consent about if, when and whom they marry.
More notably, our laws also set an example to the rest of the world. They show how serious we are about practising what we preach. In this case it could be a powerful message of solidarity to many Governments in the world who are also facing societal attitudes and barriers to ending child, early and forced marriage. We have a duty to abide by the human rights and development standards that we have signed up to and are keen to advocate across the developing world and emerging economies. The Department for International Development recently invested £36 million in a global programme to accelerate action to end child marriage in 12 countries around the world. Sadly, these countries include Bangladesh, which has the second-highest number of child brides in the world at just under 4 million. In 2014, the Bangladeshi Government drew a comparison with our minimum age of marriage legislation, using it as an example of why 16 is a favourable age and citing the difficulties that they were facing in enforcing Bangladesh's legal age of marriage—currently 18, although there is pressure to lower it to 16. We can be a leader only if we lead without any burden of unattended baggage of our own.
I hope very much to see this Bill progress. This is a good opportunity to mention the immensely important campaign on the registration of marriage. If the Bill progresses, I hope that my noble friend and the Minister will consider an amendment to ensure the protection of thousands of women in the UK who are getting married in a religious ceremony and not registering their civil marriage, which leaves many young women unprotected and without recourse to law. The campaign is ably led by Aina Khan, to whom I pay tribute.
On a personal note, I got married at 16, following my mum, who also got married at 16. She fell in love with her husband and married in 1958, causing much contention in our family because her sister had got married well after her education and became the first woman principal in a women's college. There was utter disgust in my family, but I followed suit in 1976. My mother got divorced but I am still married. Sadly, my daughter never listened to me and she married at what I consider the still immature age of 23. I am sure she will berate me for saying this. It is not necessarily a pattern but I often think about whether I felt I had permission because my mother had married at 16. I hope we do not send the message out that people should get married at 16. I am not a hypocrite. It comes from the experience of 40 years' labouring at marriage to say that children should be given as much chance as possible to have a life before they marry. I disagree with my noble friend on one point: once you enter marriage, it should not be the be-all and end-all. Although there are emotional and family pressures when a marriage comes to an end, we should not indicate to women that they cannot get out of a bad marriage.
As a leading, progressive and a much-respected donor country in global development efforts, the UK is already at the forefront of setting the agenda for gender empowerment. Therefore, we must set an example to end early marriage worldwide and meet international human rights standards. Critically, this must begin at home in the UK.
Lord Collins of Highbury
My Lords, I congratulate the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, on her work in chairing the APPG on Population, Development and Reproductive Health. On receiving her Bill, I took the opportunity to read the APPG's report on child marriage published in November 2012, and in line with her request in the introduction I did not just read the summary: I read the whole report. The evidence in that report and the personal testimonies were truly horrific. I strongly recommend that all noble Lords read through it. We have of course seen the shocking exploitation of not only women but young girls—some as young as 10, 11 and 12—being forced into marriage. As the noble Baroness said, it is not only a shocking infringement of human rights and the rights of the child. It has significant health and well-being consequences, which can be lifelong. Those can scar people all their lives.
One issue for me with the Bill is that I acknowledge, as the report does, the significant lead of the United Kingdom in challenging these norms, particularly by challenging violence against women but, more importantly, in terms of how we change things. The most important thing that we can do is to encourage all kinds of activity which empowers women. It is not about limiting ourselves simply to trying to change laws. One thing that would slightly worry me is if the focus were simply on a law that said, "Marriage will be barred below 18". That would ignore the potential that often, in countries we are dealing with, laws are ignored anyway and the real change comes from the empowerment of women. That means education and job and income opportunities. Significant change happens, including in Bangladesh, when women are properly empowered. That covers all our activities.
As the noble Baroness said, in this country we have had the success of the Forced Marriage Unit, which has worked incredibly well. We also had the passing of the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, which made it an offence for someone to force a person into marriage.
Reading through the APPG's report, I was looking for a little more evidence to back up the case on linking to the UN convention and saying that the Government should take the lead by increasing the minimum age for marriage. I was prepared to hear and see that case but, fundamentally, it comes down to my noble friend Lady Uddin's point: it is about how we take the lead and strengthen the position through our global advocacy on the protection of the child. That may be what we need to do—I am open to the arguments here—but this is a domestic Bill relating to domestic law. What would its impact be on people throughout the United Kingdom?
Addressing the issue in the past, the relevant Minister in the coalition Government, the noble Lord, Lord McNally, said that that Government did not,
"consider that it is necessary to amend the age at which people can enter into marriage",
and that the,
"existing provisions that require parental consent for people under the age of 18 to marry provide adequate protection ".—[Official Report, 15/10/13; col. WA 74.]
Do the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, and the Minister think that case remains?
Fundamental issues were raised in the 1967 House of Commons report on the age of majority. There are debates about the age of majority and the age of consent. I think that getting married at 30 is a bit too young. It is something that you need to take time to consider as it is not something that you should undertake lightly, but then nor is having sex. I do not think that the noble Baroness is suggesting that we increase the age of consent. There is an issue about choice here. I strongly believe that we have to address teenage pregnancy through better education and support, the principles that were raised in the noble Baroness's original APPG report. All these things need to be undertaken. We need to think extremely carefully about the idea that someone aged 17 who has a baby could be legally barred from marrying, entering into a partnership that has legal protection, in order to bring up a child if they so wish.
The ONC report referred to in the Library briefing states that there has been a substantial drop in the number of people getting married under the age of 20 in the past 10 years but, as the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, said we do not have any clear statistics on marriages involving people aged between 16 and 18. Perhaps the Minister will tell us what problem this Bill seeks to address. What are the numbers? I hope that we will have an opportunity in Committee to go through some of these issues in more detail, but we need to think hard about making statutory changes without being clear about the evidence. I totally support the policy advocacy of the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, challenging cultural norms and empowering women. As she said, the exploitation of women does not start or stop at 18 or 16. In many countries, it is ongoing. It has taken this country a long time to address those issues, and we have still not reached the end of the road. I certainly welcome the promotion of the APPG's report and that we are debating these issues, but I would like the Minister and the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, to address the evidence and the conclusions we might reach from it.
My Lords, I thank the noble Baroness, Lady Tonge, for bringing this debate to the House today and acknowledge her work as chair, with Heather Wheeler, my honourable friend in another place, of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, a committee to which several of your Lordships bring their deep expertise and wide experience.
There can be no doubt that it is the gravest matter when someone is prevented from making a free and informed decision about their future and must suffer consequences that may be abusive, brutal and even fatal. The Government share the noble Baroness's concerns about this and remain committed to their work in improving the life chances of women and girls around the world.
The UK is a world leader in tackling forced marriage. Internationally, we have demonstrated our leadership through co-hosting the first ever Girl Summit in 2014, which galvanised global action to end child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Following the Girl Summit, the UK has supported UN resolutions and advocated a separate target on ending child, early and forced marriage within the global goals.
Child marriage carries specific risks that have been a focus of our international development work overseas, but we know that forced marriage is no respecter of age or boundaries. That is why the previous Government introduced the offence of forced marriage in 2014 and criminalised breach of the existing Forced Marriage Protection Order. To date, over 1,000 orders have been made to protect victims and those at risk, so I suggest there is evidence of protection working.
Stopping forced marriage at home forms an integral part of our cross-government strategy on violence against women and girls, which sets out our ambition that by the end of this Parliament no victim of abuse is turned away from the support they need. Where cases involve a minor, either in the UK or overseas, the Forced Marriage Unit works with the relevant statutory agencies and consular officials to provide advice and expertise to make sure that appropriate safeguarding measures are taken. Last year, the Forced Marriage Unit handled cases relating to 67 countries to which a victim was at risk of being taken in connection with a forced marriage, or had already been taken. Of the 1,220 cases it handled in total, 175 were identified as relating to the United Kingdom.
The Government have committed £36 million towards ending child marriage around the world, including support for civil society organisations working to address a broader range of sexual and reproductive health and gender issues that are associated with child marriage. I thank the noble Lord, Lord Collins, for his sensitive and thoughtful contribution in relation to education and the empowerment of women which are absolutely vital, and his acknowledgement of the Government's progress on forced marriage.
In the UK, we are fortunate that the conditions, customs and laws that give rise to the high prevalence of child marriage in some other countries bear little resemblance to our own experience. In England and Wales, the number of people marrying at 16 or 17 is small and continues to decrease without any legislative encouragement. In 2013, the latest year for which statistics are available, there were over 240,000 marriages in England and Wales, meaning over 480,000 people entered into marriage that year. Out of these 480,000 people, 210 were aged 16 or 17, of whom 33 were boys and 177 girls, amounting to less than 1/20th of 1% of the total.
The number of civil partnerships each year has been in sharp decline since the Government opened marriage to same-sex couples. In 2015, the number of civil partnerships almost halved, from 1,683 the previous year to 861. Last year, not a single 16 or 17 year-old formed a civil partnership. With this background and perspective in mind, I turn to the measures of the Bill.
The Bill proposes amending the Marriage Act 1949 and the Civil Partnership Act 2004 to raise to 18 the minimum age at which people may enter into marriage or form a civil partnership. Statute generally defines a child as being under 18, but it is sometimes necessary to make different provision for children at different ages. The minimum age for marriage, 16, has not changed since 1929, when the Age of Marriage Act raised it from the common-law ages of 12 for girls and 14 for boys. The freedom to marry in England and Wales at 16 has stood much longer. In recognition of the difference between marrying above and below the age of majority, there has also long been a provision requiring parental or other consent for those people who seek to marry before reaching the age at which they could marry as of right. In addition to that, there is a legal requirement to give public notice of the marriage.
The Government believe that the existing requirement of parental or judicial consent for those under 18 continues to provide adequate protection, and they have seen no evidence of any failing that requires raising the minimum age to 18 in England and Wales. To raise this age would introduce a disparity with the minimum ages in the other UK jurisdictions: provision in Northern Ireland runs on the same age lines as England and Wales, whereas in Scotland, people may marry at 16 without the requirement for parental consent. Raising the minimum age would also introduce a disparity with the age of sexual consent across the United Kingdom. The implications of both these disparities require very careful consideration.
Importantly, the position of England and Wales is not exceptional among more developed countries. Many Council of Europe member states allow marriage at 16 on condition of either parental consent, or judicial consent in certain circumstances. Where member states have raised the minimum age, expressly to prevent child marriage, Governments have not reached consensus about the appropriate age to achieve this. Sweden raised the minimum age to 18 in July 2014, removing capacity to marry at a younger age with consent. Spain, however, raised the minimum age to 16 in the following July but kept the requirement for consents for people under 18, in line with the existing law in England and Wales.
It is not clear that a minimum age of 18 would prevent abuse domestically, as it would have effect only on marriages conducted in England and Wales and in compliance with our marriage Acts. We should be mindful that, in many cases, parents will seek to circumvent the law by taking their children to marry abroad or by marrying them at home in an unregistered ceremony. These ceremonies cannot be scrutinised and, without the legal requirement to give public notice, they do not come to the attention of registration officers.
The third clause of the Bill seeks to include civil partnerships within the offence of forced marriage. This offence, which the previous Government introduced in the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014, was drafted to define marriage broadly, by including,
"any religious or civil ceremony of marriage (whether or not legally binding)".
Government policy takes as its starting point the fact that there should be parity between the protections available in marriage and those in civil partnerships, where such provision is appropriate. The nature of the social and cultural pressures behind forced marriage, however, makes it unlikely that families and communities will force same-sex couples into civil partnerships, and there is currently little evidence of such abuse. With the declining numbers and the rising ages of people forming civil partnerships, the reach of the forced marriage offence is uncertain. However, I make it clear that we are not complacent. The Home Office is currently working with the police and the Crown Prosecution Service to review implementation of the forced marriage offence more broadly to ensure that we do all we can to protect victims of this abhorrent crime.
I conclude by saying that there can be no doubt that the Government understand, share and take very seriously the noble Baroness's concerns. No one should ever tolerate the abuse which she seeks to eradicate, and it is right that the UK Government should continue their work to bring this to an end, both here and around the world. However, the Government do not see sufficient evidence that the measures in the Bill would be effective in preventing abuse, bringing perpetrators to justice or offering additional protection. It would be disproportionate to prevent people exercising the freedom to marry or form civil partnerships in England and Wales at 16 or 17 with their full, free and informed consent. Their numbers, already small, continue to decline. People are now marrying much later, not because of the law but because of changes over the decades in society and in the educational, employment and economic opportunities open to them. The Bill would not reach those vulnerable people whom others have shielded from social change and who have been denied the opportunities that are rightly theirs, and it would not achieve a just, proportionate or effective means of enabling us to prevent or remedy the harmful impact on people's lives that both the Government and your Lordships will not hesitate to condemn.
My Lords, I thank the small number of people who contributed. It was scheduled at a very difficult time—I was told that it was the graveyard hour—and I had several apologies from noble Lords who would have spoken had it not been Friday afternoon. Nevertheless, it has been very interesting and has stimulated me to further thought.
The noble Baroness, Lady Uddin—perhaps I can call her my noble friend, because we are colleagues on our all-party group—made the important point that we are very good at telling other countries what to do, particularly in international development. We are always telling them how they can arrange their social affairs and look after their women and girls. While the accepted international definition of a child is up to the age of 18, we cannot then say that we will allow marriage at the age of 16 with parental consent. It is somehow a little bit hypocritical, because in the countries that we preach to—if I dare use the word "preach"—the distinction between a marriage with parental consent and a forced marriage is very shadowy indeed. We had lots of evidence in our committee, when we had those hearings, that that goes on in this country. People may say that they have parental consent but they have been forced into a particular liaison and told to say that they have parental consent. It is a very difficult issue, I agree, but we should stick to the principle that a child is a child until they are 18, and that they should not enter into these contracts, which are difficult to get out of, before the age of 18.
The noble Lord, Lord Collins, made a very good point which I should have thought of: what do you do with a teenage girl who gets pregnant at 17 and wants to get married? Looking back on my medical, family and social experience, I would say, "Never mind, you've had a baby, there are loads and loads of single parents in this world today—you are one of them". What is the old phrase about marrying in haste? I cannot remember it. But just to get married because you have a baby and you want to marry the father—
Lord Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon
Repent at leisure.
I thank the noble Lord. It is something that we should consider, but I do not think that simply having a baby at the age of 17 means that you have to get married. That is a very old-fashioned view and it should be discouraged until the parents know that they want to be with each other for a long time and did not just have an accidental event one night after clubbing.
The Minister gave us lots of very encouraging figures about the declining rates of young people being married. That is all very encouraging, but I emphasise that we know that coercion is still going on and that it is not called coercion but marriage with parental consent. We know that it is going on and we know that girls are taken abroad to be married. We know, as the noble Baroness, Lady Uddin, pointed out, that there are ceremonies in this country that are unofficial but are binding to the couples concerned. That is why the Bill deserves a serious look in Committee —which I hope we shall have.
I thank all noble Lords for their contributions and ask for the Bill to be given a Second Reading.
Bill read a second time and committed to a Committee of the Whole House.


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These two documents are the official risk assessment tools used in the U.S. to assist beef cattle producers identify and rectify management practices that allow transmission of Johne's disease in cattle herds. These forms can be used unofficially by producers to gauge their herd management as it relates to Johne's disease prevention and control. These same forms are used by Johne's Certified Veterinarians to perform official herd risk assessments and generate herd plans. These forms are filed with the appropriate state Designated Johne's Coordinator (DJC). If approved by the DJC, the herd is considered enrolled in the U.S. national Johne's program.
These risk assessment forms have been converted into an App for iPads making the process of assessing beef cattle herds quick, easy and paperless. This link leads you to the Johne's Risk Assessment and Management Plan (RAMP) App information. At the top of the first page (pictured to the left) the user selects dairy or beef and then proceeds with the RAMP specific to their type of cattle.
Geni Wren, Bovine Veterinarian, February 2000.
Results of the USDA survey of U.S. cow-calf operations for Johne's disease are described with interpretation and comments by one of the study organizers, Dr. Dave Dargatz. Beef '97, the name of the survey, found that 7.9% of U.S. cow-calf herds (called beef suckler herds in some countries) have at least one cow with Johne's disease. An excellent inset article describes how to control Johne's disease in beef herds. Information for this inset was provided by Drs. Christine Rossiter and Don Hansen of the National Johne's Working Group.
Click here to download this 4 page 281 KB pdf document.
Brad Parker, Angus Journal, August 2001.
This article directed at beef breeders describes Johne's disease in general and give specific examples of beef breeders who are tackling working hard to insure their herd is not MAP-infected and certified in the US Voluntary Program (see above). The herd owners described in this article are using their certified status to market their cattle.
Click here to download this 3 page 270 KB pdf document.
Brad Parker, Angus Journal, September 2001.
This article, the second in a series, describes diagnostic tests for Johne's disease. It gives the advantages and disadvantages of different types of tests available today and a scheme for making decisions when using the ELISA. The article also gives a glimpse of what new tests are under development in research laboratories.
Click here to download this 3 page 245 KB pdf document.
Brad Parker, Angus Journal, October 2001.
Johne's disease prevention and control are the theme of this, the third article in a series published in the Angus Journal. Strategies to avoid bringing M. paratuberculosis (MAP) into a beef herd are outlined. For herd owners that discover their herd is infected, the article describes management and testing strategies to get on top of this disease.
Click here to download this 3 page, 247 KB pdf document.
Johne's disease is more common than beef cattle producers realize. The articles on this page provide resources to help understand and deal with this infectious disease.


Little-Worlds Studios releases "Color Cross"
Color Cross is a picross-like puzzle game, with the neat twist of having to form colored pictures.
Its available for PC, DS and iPhone.
(And I have written a short review of this color-cross demo here).
We urge all members of MBN, and guests viewing this site to please check it out, and spread the word. Its a well produced puzzle game, and deserves to help sale so that Little Worlds continues to flourish and be able to support larger projects.
On a related note, Sébastien Viannay also informs us that Parcal Dubois, who formly worked on LBA2 has also joined their team.
Last edited by Darkflame; 2011-09-11 at 11:42.
Received the game, only played a bit of it. It requires some getting used to, playing with multiple colors.
And is it just me or is the music of low quality? I hear static.
Havnt got the DS version yet, let you know when I do.
I did get someone else to buy it, but apparently there's a slight problem for colour blind people.
Where can I get this game cheap in UK? Here in Portugal e coast 40€. Its a lot .
I have notice all the DS games I've played the quality isn't that good, specially the sound.
I bought it from Amazon.co.uk, it was only ~10 pound.
Thanks. Indeed a great price, but I never by on Amazon, only on eBay. It seams will be the first time. Bad thing, they don't work with paypal.
Its strange how the same company sells at this price on Amazon and on eBay its more 6£.
So, those you guys recommend this game?
I'm currently playing Secret Files Tagunska and just bought Hotel Dusk - Room 215. Is there any other game for DS that really deserves to play?
Because amazon sales real games 100%, a lot on ebay will be knock-offs.
Allthough in this case, the price difference isnt much.
Is there any other game for DS that really deserves to play?
Professor Layton is an absolutely must.
Also, theres hope for gameing as its the 4th best saleing game in the UK this year.
Yeah, soul bubbles is a must indeed. Was my first game (and only for a while) for DS. I just finished few weeks ago, after a huge time without playing it (because back than, I got bored). Still need to unlock one of the bonus features.
Another Code will be difficult to get and really expensive this days.
Professor Layton seams really interesting.
Do you think Broken Sword will be a great add on to DS, or its just better to keep with the PC version or ScummVM version?
I'm sure the DS version will be better though.
Tunguska 2 (or rather Secret Files 2) is coming out sometime as well.
Im supprised they havnt done another batch of the ds game now the wii one is out.
Oh, well, your not missing that much. Its a great game, but just 6 hours or so.
Another DS game worth getting is Zelda:Phantom Hourglass.
Has its flaws, but it fixs a lot of the problems of Wind Waker too. Nice and long too.
I am now the proud owner of color cross on the iphone Now where's my LWS cookie?
I still need to get Color Cross. Now currently have Soul Bubbles, Secret Files, Hotel Dusk, Professor Layton.
Dont forget Scribblenauts when it comes out, that looks insanely fun.


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How Did Joe Burrow Get Injured,'See ya next year': No1 pick Joe Burrow carted off in,Joe burrows hit|2020-11-30
Joe Burrow Experiences Serious Knee Injury, Out For Year
Washington linemen Montez Sweat and Jonathan Allen hit Burrow high and low, and the QB's left leg bent the wrong way.When you price your book, that will dictate how much is left for you.Get all the news you need in your inbox each morning.The release stressed that masks and hand sanitizer would be handed out and the use of masks and social distancing would be strictly enforced.We have not won enough.What matters is what you recommend as a result of the findings.Burrow had been sacked 32 times this season, but this injury happened after he got rid of the ball.Puzzle Page game shares each day new crossword with unique clues.He finished with four carries for 7 yards and caught two of three targets for 5 yards behind Damien Harris and James White.Calican says that provisional data suggests Shand is heading out towards the Dune Sea and thinks it should be an easy job.Burrow suffered the injury during the third quarter of Sunday's game with the Bengals leading 9-7.They killed four children.
Bengals QB Joe Burrow Carted Off With Knee Injury In Week 11
"The players have responded to him, the coaches have responded to him, the city has responded to him and all that is equally as important," coach Zac Taylor said.One of the best tips for locating articles on our site is to avoid the use of searches that are too lengthy or specific.CBS elected not to show a replay on the broadcast.As he trudged the muddy lands back to his home, he pondered on the idea of perhaps feeding him warmed goats milk? Perhaps it wasn't as nurturing as a mother's milk, but it would be sufficient enough to make him survive babe hood would it not? And with that thought in mind, Bato continued his way home, heart filled with content and love at the idea of introducing the new addition to his family.That's right, Brees' family played host to the family of current New Orleans Saints starting quarterback Taysom Hill and his crew.She also just finds the poor girl annoying.
He dropped back to pass when a Washington Football Team (3-7) defensive player fell into his planted leg. Claire, a Scottish Deerhound, was crowned the winner at the National Dog Show in Philadelphia on Thursday.Others took a knee and showed their emotions while the stadium stayed completely silent.Get the best gaming deals, reviews, product advice, competitions, unmissable gaming news and more!.Please include title of story.Rather than get traditional after-school jobs, Sam and Cat become teen entrepreneurs by starting their own babysitting business.Can't get rid of me that easy.Photos along with quotes are also considered to be a good idea for congratulations.As Burrow sat on the cart, the entire Bengals team came to his side to wish him well.The author maintains that it's still a big oversight on the show's part (though, if anyone, Christina Applegate is worth the wait).Thanks for contacting us.Mary Carillo will also be back for more commentary, analysis and behind-the-scenes looks at one of the oldest dog shows in the world.
Joe Burrow Carted Off With Scary Leg Injury Against Washington
Washington sacked Finley four times after not getting to Burrow once before halftime.Burrow had one of the best college seasons in history during 2019 when he led the LSU Tigers to an undefeated season and national championship.CBS Sports is a registered trademark of CBS Broadcasting Inc.1 overall pick was carted off the field and would not return to the game.Count defensive end Carl Lawson among those who don't see Burrow having any problems making a big comeback.I won't show the play here, but if you want to see it, it's here on Twitter.He entered with the third most completions and second most attempts in the league, most recently shaking off a gimpy ankle injured in a blowout loss to unbeaten Pittsburgh.Burrow was carted off the field and did not return to the game.Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow was carted off the field with a left knee injury in the third quarter of Sunday's 20-9 loss to Washington.
Bengals QB Joe Burrow Carted Off With Knee Injury, Has …
He did not have a sack in the first half, in the hit as I saw it, wasn't when he had the ball in his hand.The Mussel is a type of sea creature in Animal Crossing: New Horizons introduced in the 1.It's in that movie that Rick Moranis's team dials up something called the annexation of Puerto Rico and (spoiler alert!) it wins the game.This tells you how tough #DrewBrees is and his will to win.Washington head coach Ron Rivera also said it was a variation.And one of the reasons it is, is because of Jim and Pam.Two of the Cincinnati Bengals' biggest names — Joe Burrow and Joe Mixon — sit on injured reserve as the team preps to take on the New York Giants.He'd later begin dating Elisabeth Rioux.For now, Giovani Bernard remains the best Bengals running back.It doesn't look promising with him at the helm in comingyears.Nov 22, 2020Bengals rookie quarterback Joe Burrow got sandwiched between two Washington rushers, buckling his front knee as he was throwing.And some peopleshould just get used to it.
Joe Burrow's Rookie Season Over After Torn ACL
Thanks for all the love.Children's books and poetry books are fairly quick to write compared to Non-Fiction.And we felt really good coming out of the second half and then to lose your quarterback is tough, but that's the way it goes and next man up is [Ryan] Finley.GMB: We try to make the show better every year. The Bengals ultimately fell to Washington 20-9.The rookie, backed up against his own end zone, launched a pass downfield to Tyler Boyd.Who Invited the Alligator to the Picnic?.Green and possibly Joe Mixon once he returns.If you've been playing throughout November, you might already have this particular fungi in your pockets as they've been growing since the start of the month.The pocket collapsed around him, he planted and threw a long pass down the right side of the field.This thing may save time and easy for the people to share the wishes in a few seconds.It was going to be a Cloak and Dagger proposition as it stood with the team not flying out until Saturday morning, going promptly to the game and trying to pull it all off without their head coach because he was one that tested positive already.Dan spends the episode trying to fight the fact that he's in love with Vanessa."I've got to be ready," Finley said.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Parenting Independent Disciples: Lessons from the Lord on Raising Teens
By Jan Francisco
Dedication Held for Quetzaltenango Guatemala Temple
By	Official Church Newsroom · December 13, 2011
The Quetzaltenango Guatemala Temple was formally dedicated Sunday in three sessions by President Dieter F. Uchtdorf of the First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). The dedicatory sessions were broadcast to congregations of the Church within the temple district.
"What a beautiful temple this is," President Uchtdorf said at Saturday's cultural celebration, where youth performers from area congregations danced, sang and presented a visual display of local history and culture. "It has a glowing shine like a jewel, and it is a jewel for this area of this country."
The Quetzaltenango Guatemala Temple is the Church's 136th temple worldwide and fifth in Central America. This temple will serve approximately 60,000 Latter-day Saints. Other temples in Central America are located in Guatemala City, Guatemala (1984); San Jose, Costa Rica (2000); Panama City, Panama (2008); and San Salvador, El Salvador (2011). Another temple is under construction in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
When a temple is formally dedicated, it is open to members of the Church who are actively engaged in the faith — unlike the thousands of standard Church meetinghouses that are open to everyone for regular Sunday services, regardless of religious affiliation (see Newsroom article explaining the difference between chapels and temples).
Latter-day Saint temples differ from the meetinghouses or chapels where members meet for Sunday worship services. Temples are considered "houses of the Lord" where Christ's teachings are reaffirmed through baptism and other ordinances that unite families for eternity. In the temple, Church members learn more about the purpose of life and make covenants to follow Jesus Christ and serve their fellow man.
Story here
All photos: © 2011 Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved


Acme did a mid volume production run of two unique chase marketing elements. The first being a 7′ Tall 3D Chase Pin finished in a high Gloss automotive finish. The 3D was constructed in such a way that it could be easily disassembled by anyone for easy transport to a neighboring event. The next item was a 2D A-Frame that had a magnetic face so that unique Graphics could be easily exchanged every event. The A-Frame also had a 2D pin which was attached to it.
7′ Tall 3D Pin with Embossed Logo!
Need Custom Signage / Marketing Props? Contact Us!


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Fresh Seafood. Family Tradition.
Lindy's Seafood, Inc. has been in operation for over 40 years. Terry Vincent, owner and president, has spent his entire life in the wholesale live crab business. He began his journey in New York and New Jersey, buying and selling crabs to local seafood markets. From there, he returned to Maryland to start a family and continue working in the wholesale seafood business. At that time, he purchased Lindy's Seafood from his mentor and longtime friend, Lindy Pritchett.
What began as a small scale live crab business, grew to what we are today - a wholesale crab company specializing in live crabs, fresh Maryland crab meat, and oysters. Over the years our business has expanded allowing us to distribute our products over a larger area. Our customer base has grown significantly to include restaurants, seafood markets and wholesale buyers. Our fleet of over 15 trucks, transport and deliver our products directly to our wholesale customers in Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, New York, New Jersey, Canada and Chicago.
From our humble beginnings working with street vendors selling live crabs we have grown into a large-scale crab company. Over the years little has changed about our business model - fresh Maryland seafood you can depend on from our family to yours.
© 2016 by Lindy's Seafood, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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ApkVision.com
Home»Games»Adventure»Vegan Run
Vegan Run APK
Vegan Run
Partum Apps
com.partumapps.running.game
Vegan Run – this is a rather unusual endless runner with three-dimensional graphics and a humorous touch. Here you can play the role of various characters, including famous personalities. The main task will be to run as far as possible, avoiding obstacles and simultaneously collecting chicken thighs!
The game has two locations: a vegetarian food store and a vegan farm, where each of them has completely different traps and difficulties. Try to go as far as possible and set a new record, but the further you go, the more difficult it becomes. Collect various auxiliary items along the way to help overcome obstacles and speed up, as well as accumulate points that can be spent on unlocking new skins.
The game has a rough three-dimensional graphics, which is rather another feature. A distinctive feature is that the road is not divided into three lanes and you can move along the entire width of the highway. Otherwise, the game mechanics are quite simple, you just need to prick yourself in time, jump over obstacles and be always on the alert.
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Cieki wodne

 Szczawnik – dopływ Pełcznicy, przepływa przez Szczawno-Zdrój, Wałbrzych, Świebodzice
 Szczawnik – dopływ Popradu, przepływa przez Szczawnik, Złockie, Muszynę
 Szczawnik – potok, dopływ Muszynki
Szczyty
 Szczawnik (1098 m) – szczyt Bieszczadach Zachodnich w sąsiedztwie góry Jasło
 Szczawnik (1052 m) – szczyt Bieszczadach Zachodnich
 Szczawnik (1430 m) – szczyt na Ukrainie w Karpatach Wschodnich

Miejsca
 Szczawnik – uroczysko w pobliżu wsi Szczawnik

Miejscowości
 Szczawnik – wieś w pobliżu miasta Muszyna (gmina Muszyna)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our official launch event is on Tuesday 20th March 2018!
We will open our doors to the public and business community so they can look around, explore our services and meet the team.
TV celebrity and no-nonsense furniture upcycler Jay Blades, former co-founder of award-winning social enterprise Out of the Dark and a regular on the BBC's Money for Nothing programme, will be the guest of honour and will highlight the importance of community ventures in creating training, volunteering and employment opportunities.
The launch will take place at The Wood Depot, a 10,000 sq ft facility which is currently being transformed from an empty industrial unit into an oasis of creativity and inspiration that will house a wood yard, workshop and retail store for selling recycled products and other gifts from local craftspeople.
Mick Moreton, Recycling Supervisor, said: "It has been a very hectic six months getting everything ready, but we are now looking forward to the official opening and welcoming customers and businesses.
"Wood Saints works on so many fronts…we are making an environmental difference, we are making a social difference and we will hopefully be making a financial difference to all the firms that plan to use us.
If your business or organisation is in the building trade or manufacturing, provides training and employability services or works in retail, we'd be delighted to see you at our grand opening. We are also recruiting volunteers and can offer a range of opportunities to learn new skills in wood recycling and basic carpentry.
Alternatively, drop in any time to look around from 12 noon to 4.30pm (no registration required).


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Canada designs new visa for immigrant entrepreneurs
Minister of Immigration and Citizenship Jason Kenney speaks during a press conference at the National Press Theatre in Ottawa on Monday, September 10, 2012. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Sean Kilpatrick
Sean Kilpatrick/The Canadian Press
RANDALL PALMER
Published September 11, 2012 Updated September 11, 2012
Canada plans to create a new class of visa it hopes will attract high-tech and other entrepreneurs to immigrate to the country to start new companies, officials said Tuesday.
It has put a moratorium on issuing its existing entrepreneur visa, which only required an immigrant to hire one person for one year, and intends to initiate a visa that would be issued to people identified by venture capital funds as candidates to create startup firms in Canada. The venture funds would be required to invest in the startups.
The startup visa is one of several changes being undertaken by Citizenship and Immigration Minister Jason Kenney in what he says is an effort to make the immigration system more responsive to Canada's economic needs. "Canada seeks young, ambitious, innovative immigrants who will contribute to Canada's job growth and further drive our economy," said Mr. Kenney's press secretary, Alexis Pavlich.
"The startup visa is an initiative that the government of Canada is exploring to assist in transforming our immigration system into a fast, fair and flexible system that will meet the needs of our economy and help grow our country."
Venture investment funds would choose entrepreneurs to invest in, and the government would try to clear them for entry into Canada within weeks. The idea is to unite Canadian money and foreign brains. An initial source of candidates could be frustrated foreigners in the high-tech sector in the United States who have not been able to land resident status there.
"This program will link brilliant, job-creating, immigrant entrepreneurs with Canadian investors. We want the world's best and brightest to come to Canada – to start businesses and to create jobs in Canada," Ms. Pavlich said.
The program, expected to be unveiled in detail later this year, would set up external safeguards and spot checks to make sure the venture funds are investing as promised. The government will set aside 2,750 visas a year for startup entrepreneurs and their families. Last year it issued about 700 visas under the old entrepreneur class, under which an immigrant could do something as simple as buy a corner store and hire one person, and then get out of the business after a year.
The immigration department said Vancouver-based Version One Ventures, which invests in five to 10 tech or Internet startups in Canada and the United States every year, was one of the venture funds it consulted in developing the new visa program. "There are never enough brains in a country," Version One Ventures founder Boris Wertz said. "Every country's going to compete for the best brains in the world."
He cited the case of a team of Romanian engineers who worked in Vancouver but could only get six-month visas, requiring them to leave the country and return repeatedly. Eventually their outfit was sold and they moved to Silicon Valley in California. "We lost them, and part of the reason was always they never had the security that they could really stay in the country (and) focus on building the product," Mr. Wertz said.
Mr. Kenney also intends to revamp a separate investor class visa, which granted people the right to immigrate if they ponied up $400,000 to $800,000 to lend to provincial governments.
The biggest changes to the system have been to the skilled worker program, which had a decade-long backlog. By returning years' worth of older applications and by putting a moratorium on new applications, the government hopes to clear the backlog by 2014 and enable new applicants to gain entry in months.
Toronto-Dominion Bank issued a study Tuesday that said Canada would have to increase its annual immigration level to 300,000 after 2016, from the current 250,000, if it wants to keep growth in the labour force in line with the historical trend.
However, TD said that until more is done to improve the economic prospects of newcomers to Canada, it would likely be counter-productive to do so. Responding to the report, Ms. Pavlich said immigration is not a panacea for labor shortages. "Canada already maintains the highest sustained level of immigration in the world.
"In order for Canada to maintain an open and generous immigration system, it is important that Canadians continue to believe that immigration serves our national interest. Canadians have been clear - the vast majority do not want the government to massively increase immigration levels."
Countries make pitch for Canada's startup talent
Tories launch bid to speed up immigration for entrepreneurs
New approach proposed for immigrant recruiting
Ottawa targets 'high-value' entrepreneurs with immigration program
Entrepreneurship makes list of five priorities
Project connects immigrants with small businesses


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Растительное питание — это рацион, состоящий в основном из растительных продуктов: овощей, зерновых, орехов и семян, бобовых и фруктов. Потребление продуктов животного происхождения ограничивается или полностью запрещено. Растительное питание не равно вегетарианству, это более широкая категория. К ней относятся разные типы питания, в том числе веганство, где животные продукты полностью исключаются из рациона, оволактовегетарианство, разрешающее молочные продукты и яйца, и различные полувегетарианские диеты, в которых допускается потребление мяса в небольших объёмах. Академия питания и диет (США) выпустила заявление, свидетельствующее, что сбалансированное растительное питание полезно для здоровья и допустимо на всех этапах жизни, включая беременность, грудное вскармливание и детство.

На начало 21 века на растительном питании живёт около 4 миллиардов человек, преимущественно из-за недостатка пахотных земель, пресной воды и энергетических ресурсов. В Европе в 2019 году потребление растительных заменителей животной пищи составило 40 % от мирового рынка; к 2025 году рынок растительных заменителей вырастет на 60 %; основные факторы роста — забота о здоровье, безопасности продуктов и экологические соображения. В США розничный рынок растительных продуктов в 2019 году рос в 8 раз быстрее, чем рынок пищевой продукции в целом.

Терминология
Термин «растительное питание» используется для обозначения диет, основанных на растительных продуктах, с ограниченным количеством животной пищи, либо вовсе без неё. К растительному питанию относятся:

 Веганство: рацион, состоящий из овощей, бобовых, фруктов, зерновых, орехов и семян, из которого полностью исключены продукты животного происхождения.
 Фрукторианство — питание плодами растений, преимущественно сырыми
 Сыроедение — система питания, в которой полностью исключается употребление какой бы то ни было пищи, подвергшейся температурной обработке
 Вегетарианство: питание растительной и молочной пищей с отказом от мясной пищи животного происхождения (включая мясо птицы, рыбу и морепродукты).
 Оволактовегетарианство — разновидность вегетарианства, разрешающая потребление яиц и молочных продуктов
 Ововегетарианство — разрешены только яйца
 Лактовегетарианство — разрешены только молочные продукты
 Полувегетарианские диеты разрешают потребление мясных продуктов в небольшом количестве.
 Макробиотическая диета делает упор на цельнозерновые продукты, овощи и бобовые в минимальной переработке: сырые, варёные, сушёные продукты.
 Пескетарианство — растительные продукты с добавлением яиц, молока, рыбы и морепродуктов.
 Флекситарианство допускает мясные продукты в небольших объёмах, по определённым дням недели.

Причины перехода на растительное питание
 Медицинские. Растительные продукты (цельнозерновые продукты, фрукты, овощи и бобовые, орехи и растительные масла) полезны для здоровья. Они богаты клетчаткой, витаминами и антиоксидантами, помогают снизить артериальное давление и уровень «плохого» холестерина низкой плотности. Один из вариантов растительного питания, диета DASH, официально рекомендована для лечения гипертонии. [Всемирная организация здравоохранения] рекомендует растительное питание для профилактики деменции.

Всемирный фонд исследования рака отмечает, что растительные продукты снижают риск различных видов рака. Существуют убедительные доказательства того, что цельнозерновые продукты снижают риск колоректального рака.

Растительное питание подходит людям с непереносимостью лактозы. По данным Национальной медицинской библиотеки США (NIH) трудности с перевариванием лактозы испытывают около 65 % населения.
Продукты растительного происхождения также подходят людям с аллергией на молочный белок. У людей с молочной аллергией даже следовые количества молочного белка или молочного сахара могут вызвать серьёзные реакции: зуд, отек, проблемы с дыханием и даже потерю сознания.

 Этические. Люди отказываются от животной пищи, потому что не хотят причинять страдания животным и быть причиной их смерти. Животные на фермах часто болеют от стресса и скученности; для профилактики заболеваний им в корм добавляют антибиотики. Это не только жестокое обращение с животными, но и причина возникновения штаммов бактерий, устойчивых к антибиотикам.

В поддержку растительного питания с точки зрения этики выступают многие публичные личности: актёры Натали Портман, Хоакин Феникс, музыканты Пол Маккартни и Моби.

 Экологические. Животноводство — один из главных источников загрязнения окружающей среды. Согласно исследованию «Взаимосвязь парниковых газов от типа питания: мясоедов, рыбоедов, вегетарианцев и веганов в Великобритании» 2014г, производство продуктов животного происхождения создает вдвое больше выбросов парниковых газов, чем производство продуктов растительного происхождения.

При производстве одного килограмма говядины выброс CO2 в атмосферу эквивалентен выбросу CO2 среднестатистического европейского автомобиля на каждые 250 км, а потребляемой при этом энергии достаточно для работы одной 100-ваттной лампочки в течение почти 20 дней. Уменьшение потребления мяса до  в неделю на человека уже помогло бы сэкономить  долларов, расходуемых на борьбу с изменением климата.

Устойчивость
Растительное питание − устойчивая диета. По определению Продовольственной и сельскохозяйственной организации ООН, это означает рацион, «с низким уровнем воздействия на окружающую среду, обеспечивающий безопасное, сбалансированное питание и здоровье этому и будущим поколениям».

Масштабный переход к устойчивым рационам здорового питания к 2050 году потребует значительных изменений, включая удвоение потребления растительных продуктов, богатых витаминами, таких как фрукты, овощи, бобовые и орехи, одновременно с резким сокращением (более 50 %)глобального потребления продуктов с избыточным содержанием сахара и красного мяса. Рацион, богатый продуктами растительного происхождения и, одновременно, содержащий небольшое количество продуктов животного происхождения, способствует укреплению здоровья и является экологически устойчивым.
Профессор , Гарвардская школа здравоохранения

К 2050 году население Земли достигнет 10 миллиардов человек. Комиссия EAT-Lancet привлекла 37 ведущих ученых, специалистов в разнообразных сферах, от здравоохранения до политологии, чтобы разработать новую модель питания человечества к этому моменту. Главной задачей ученые назвали «Обеспечение доступа растущего населения планеты к здоровой пище, производимой на устойчивой (безопасной для окружающей среды) основе».

Оптимальный вариантом ученые назвали переход всего населения Земли на растительное питание. «Здоровая тарелка» примерно наполовину состоит из фруктов и некрахмалистых овощей, ответственных за витамины и клетчатку в рационе. Вторая половина — цельнозерновые продукты, растительные источники белка (орехи и бобовые культуры), ненасыщенные растительные жиры. Продукты животного происхождения будут занимать менее 10 % рациона.

Переход на растительное питание позволит сократить выбросы парниковых газов, объёмы земли, воды и удобрений, используемых в сельском хозяйстве. На текущий момент посевные площади под кормовые культуры превышают площади, засеянные культурами, которые идут в пищу человеку. Растительная диета поможет минимизировать изменения климата и сокращение биоразнообразия.

В 2020 году Академия кинематографических искусств и наук выступила в защиту экологии Земли. Для того, чтобы привлечь внимание аудитории традиционное меню премии «Оскар» перевели в формат 70 % блюд на растительной основе и 30 % — на основе продуктов животного происхождения.

Влияние на пищевую индустрию
Спрос на растительные продукты породил волну инноваций в питании. В 2017 году компания Tyson Foods, крупнейший производитель мяса в США, вложила 55 миллионов долларов в стартап Beyond Meat, создатель растительного мяса. Бургеры Beyond Meat состоят из растительного белка (соевого или горохового), кокосового масла и картофельного крахмала. В России продукцию Beyond Meat можно приобрести в супермаркетах Азбука вкуса, или попробовать в сети ресторанов быстрого питания Теремок

Растительное мясо — продукт, состоящий из растительного белка, по внешнему виду, вкусу, цвету, запаху и консистенции иммитирующий мясо животного происхождения.. В отличие от привычного животного мяса, в основе мяса из растений лежит растительный белок, получаемый из сои, гороха, пшеницы, реже — из подсолнечника, грибного мицелия, фасоли, картофеля.

Производство растительного мяса включает в себя три основных этапа:
 выращивание различных культур, используемых для получения сырья (например, горох, пшеница, соя)
 обработка культур, получение необходимых элементов, в частности, белка
 подбор ингредиентов для получения мясного вкуса и запаха: рапсовое, кокосовое и подсолнечное масло, ароматизаторы, загустители, пищевые волокна, специи.
Полученная смесь проходит обработку для получения мясной текстуры.

В производство растительного мяса в 2020 году вложили свыше $3 млрд.
В 2020 году объём российского рынка растительного мяса оценили в 2,6 млрд рублей. В 2021 году торговые сети и крупные сервисы доставки расширили ассортиментную линейку на 50 %.

Растительное молоко — беловатая жидкость, получаемая путем замачивания, экстракции, измельчения, фильтрации растительных продуктов.
В качестве сырья используют ингредиенты не животного происхождения. Для изготовления растительного молока могут использовать орехи (миндаль, кешью, фундук, фисташки, грецкий орех), зерновые (ячмень, кукуруза, овес, рис, рожь, пшеница), псевдозерновые (гречка, киноа), семена (чиа, семена подсолнечника, льна, конопли), бобовые (соя, горох, арахис) или кокос. Растительное молоко не содержит казеин и лактозу.

Растительное молоко сложно назвать инновационным продуктом. Соевое молоко появилось в Восточной Азии более 1000 лет назад, а миндальное молоко встречается в английских средневековых рецептах. Но с ростом популярности растительного питания растительное молоко из экзотического или лечебного продукта для людей с непереносимостью лактозы превратилось в стандартный продукт супермаркета.

Спрос на растительные альтернативы растет также по причине страха потребителей перед гормонами и антибиотиками, которые используют для увеличения периода лактации коров, часть этих компонентов сохраняется в продуктах.

Согласно отчету SPINS от 3 марта 2020 года, розничные продажи продуктов на растительной основе в 2018 и 2019 году в США выросли на 29 % до 5 млрд долларов.

Продажи молока на растительной основе выросли на 5 % в 2019 году и на 14 % за последние два года. На начало 2020 года они составляют около 40 % всего рынка растительных продуктов питания с годовым объёмом продаж около 2 миллиардов долларов.

Продажи растительного молока с июня 2020 года по май 2021 года увеличились на 22 % в натуральном выражении и на 25 % в денежном. Самая высокая динамика роста на российском рынке была зафиксирована с мая 2018 года по апрель 2019 года — на 561 % в натуральном, 253 % в денежном выражении.
.

В 2021 году на растительное молоко приходилось около 35 % мирового рынка растительных продуктов, а общий объем мирового рынка растительного молока составил 2,5 млрд долларов.

Продажи других растительных альтернатив, включая мороженое, сливочное масло, сыр и йогурт, выросли на 53 % за 2018 и 2019 гг.

Растительные альтернативы молочных продуктов включены в ряд национальных рекомендаций по питанию. В частности, соевое молоко включено в Канадский национальный гид по питанию и в рекомендации Британской службы здравоохренения. Спреды из растительных масел включены в рекомендации таких стран, как [Великобритания]
[Финляндия],
[Ирландия].

Примечания

Ссылки

Здоровый образ жизни
Вегетарианство
Диеты
Питание человека


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Q: I need to add a carousel that works as a slideshow So I am trying to add a carousel but images will come one by one on top of each other
I have tried the bootstrap.com/carousels

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Images come one by one.

A: You might have missed to include Bootstrap dependency CSS, JS and Jquery files.
Replace image source with images you needed for your carousel.

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">

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Resource Center on HIV Stigma & Discrimination
https://www.thebody.com/article/activist-looks-back-at-supreme-court-protests
HIV Advocacy and ActivismFeatures
As Supreme Court Hearing on LGBTQ Rights Approaches, An Activist Looks Back at 1987 SCOTUS Protests
JD Davids Oct. 7, 2019
Bowers V Hardwick protest in Washington DC, 1986 MPI/Stringer via Getty Images
On Oct. 8, just two days after the one-year anniversary of the swearing-in of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, that court will hear three pivotal cases that could strip LGBTQ people of essential rights. And on that day, people living with HIV, LGBTQ people, and those who love us will travel to Washington, D.C. and put their bodies on the line to stand up for LGBTQ rights and lives. Among them will be one man living with HIV who was one of 600 people arrested there at an LGBTQ rights protest in 1987.
Led by Housing Works and supported by a growing list of organizations, the organizers are furious that the court -- now packed with conservative appointees -- could, in a throwback to horrendous rulings of the last century, determine that LGBTQ Americans -- and even those who are just not adherent to a narrow definition of "male" and "female" gender -- are not entitled to protections afforded to those who are heterosexual and cisgender.
On that day, the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments -- in three different cases -- that center around one key question: Should LGBTQ people be protected from workplace discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act?
Even though many legal rulings now affirm that the definition of "sex" in Title VII covers both sexual orientation and gender identity, the court could decide that this is not the meaning of the term in Title VII. It would then become legal to discriminate against or fire a person for their sexual orientation or gender identity. In their fact sheet on the cases, Housing Works cautions that a bad ruling could have sweeping consequences that could go even further in the spread of discrimination:
"While the primary targets are LGBTQ people, particularly people who are of trans experience and/or non-binary, a new definition could create a broader legal interpretation of what discrimination is allowed in the workplace, up to and including not presenting as masculine or feminine enough for the tastes of an employer, and open to door to discrimination of this type in other settings including healthcare, education, the military..."
A compelling, if under-recognized, part of the LGBTQ social-justice arc happened at the Supreme Court, led by LGBTQ people fighting for our rights over 30 years ago this month. A week-long mobilization culminated in a massive protest against the Supreme Court, with 600 people arrested in a civil disobedience action.
Tripp Reed, a gay man and long-term survivor of HIV who lives in Washington D.C., engaged in his first purposeful arrest in that 1987 event. Reed will be joining in the civil disobedience on Oct. 8.
October 1987: "It Was Both Exhilarating and Terrifying"
Thirty-two years ago, fresh from a summer in Provincetown, Reed approached the steps of the Supreme Court of the United States. He had graduated from social work school at a Catholic university, he knew that he was gay, he knew that he was likely living with HIV, and he knew he was ready to stand up for justice for his community. Instead, he sat down -- purposefully and illegally, as a participant in the first wave of what became multiple waves of civil disobedience that led to around 600 arrests at the Supreme Court.
A year before, the Supreme Court had ruled that the right to privacy did not include gay people. As noted by The New York Times, "The Court held that a Georgia law that forbids all people to engage in oral or anal sex could be used to prosecute such conduct between homosexuals," even in the privacy of their homes, though it did not say the same law could be enforced against heterosexuals.
"When I was in the first group that ran into the riot police, and they were there with their shields and their head garb and everything, it was both exhilarating and terrifying," Reed recalled to TheBody.
After the arrest, the presence of volunteer attorneys was reassuring, and he saw that those who gave ID were quickly processed and released. But then he realized not everyone who was arrested was at the same level of jeopardy.
"There were tons of queens -- I have ID on me and money, but none of them did. They were using the names Harvey Milk and Oscar Wilde, and a lot of them had HIV and their health was teetering. So, I could have processed out, but I didn't. I wanted to go make a statement to the judge," he explained. "They transported me to another location where it seemed a little scarier; there were other people in the jail that were cat calling and hooting and hollering."
"I wasn't necessarily scared for myself -- I'm pretty streetwise -- but it's intimidating, it's threatening. A lot of the men were dressed in dresses and there were lots of radical faeries, so they actually may have been trans or gender non-binary."
Organizers of the Oct. 8 action affirm that the disparities in risk continue today.
"We already live in a world where people who don't fit societal conventions of gender expression are subject to stigma, discrimination, verbal and physical abuse, and even being killed for who they are," said Charles King, co-founder and CEO of Housing Works, via press release.
"This is compounded for our transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming brothers, sisters, and siblings. We are mobilizing this action because we are deeply concerned and angered that the gates could be opened to losing rights and protections in the workplace, in education, health care, the military, and beyond."
In the case of the 1986 Hardwick ruling, it was overturned in 2003 in Lawrence v. Texas, which affirmed that any privacy afforded to heterosexuals should be so for others as well. Given the current membership of the Supreme Court, advocates fear it could take much longer to see justice in these three cases if Title VII protections are struck down for LGBTQ people.
Reed, who now runs a private psychotherapy practice and is an avid participant in Housing Works' annual Braking AIDS Ride, remains resolute that outside, confrontational action is necessary. He put it plainly: "The fact that queer people do not have protections in the workplace is just fucking criminal."
"I have been fired for being gay -- both overtly, where the owner of the restaurant met me at the car on a Saturday night with my check, saying, 'We don't need your kind around here,' to working within corporate health care settings where a closeted man would look at me with a combination of desire and disdain and wait for me to make a mistake or a false move -- and then it was my head that rolled," he added.
"We're not going to get it by playing nice," Reed continued. "I have worked from the inside to make changes. But I also think that sometimes it is appropriate and called for to break some shit. I have resources, I can get another job. I'm self-employed now. But I do think that I am my brother's keeper, and I think that now, with trans people, I just think that there have to be protections in place, so where an employer fucks with somebody, there may be some type of negative consequences for them."
Jaron Benjamin, vice president of Community Mobilization at Housing Works, affirmed the value of direct action that may not be "nice": "Anyone who thinks that in-person protests and civil disobedience aren't effective needs to re-examine the arc of American history," he said. "I'd challenge them to look at the civil rights protests in the U.S. South, to the demonstrations that saved the Affordable Care Act. These protests work, and lawmakers pay attention to how many people show up in person for demonstrations. So it's important for us to show everyone -- including politicians and candidates -- that we won't stand idly by while civil rights are in jeopardy."
Despite the risks -- which, Reed noted, may be much greater for those who are transgender or gender non-conforming -- Reed also believes there's personal growth that can come from taking a stand.
"Having been discriminated against, the idea that you're not going to take it anymore, there's something generative about that," he concluded. "You're not just kind of curling up into a ball."
JD Davids
@TheCrankyQueer
A longtime HIV/AIDS activist and communication strategist, JD Davids was a senior editor and the director of strategic communications at TheBody/TheBodyPro from 2014 to 2018.
Tags: Features, LGBTQ+


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← An Ambivalent July 4
Kudos to Creative Churches →
Book Review: Where the Crawdads Sing by Delia Owens
This best-selling novel begins in heartbreak, sweeps through lyrical descriptions of North Carolina marshes, and ends with a stunning surprise. Each day, I'd look forward to reading it in the evening, and hated to see it end.
The story opens with a six-year old named Kya being abandoned by her mother and siblings who can no longer live with her abusive, alcoholic father. She has no money, no electricity, no running water and no food in a shack miles from the nearest town. The action begins in 1952, slightly more credible that the social services wouldn't have been all over her case. An effort to get her to school fails miserably when the other kids make fun of "swamp trash." She never returns, though the food is tempting, choosing instead to make sea gulls her companions. Wistfully, she feeds them and turning seven, confides, "it's my birthday." A later comment underscores the tragedy: "loneliness had become a natural appendage to Kya, like an arm."
Before the plot gets too depressing, a bright light enters: Tate. She's startled when he knows her name, but he will remain Kya's true friend for the rest of her life. (Understandably, she has abandonment issues, fears the townsfolk and finds it hard to communicate.) He teaches her to read; a black couple give her donated clothing and a little company. Meanwhile, she grows resilient and becomes a collector of and expert on the surrounding nature. Her maturation is interwoven with the puzzling details of a murder, the son of the town's wealthiest couple, slightly older than Kya. It's unclear to the reader how that fits, but one continues, pleased that Kya seems to be the proverbial flower growing through asphalt, the tireless spark of the divine in the human that can flourish in the worst circumstances.
Her life grows slightly more complex, but still revolves around the tides and the rich life of sea and marsh. She becomes a superb naturalist, like the author who has won awards for her wildlife writing. The descriptions of grasses, feathers, shells, snow geese and stars are like a psalm to creation. Dialogue sounds stilted, and is clearly not Owens' strong suit, but the Kya character is too appealing to fault. Rare good times with her father (notably he once calls her "hon") cease; he vanishes. Despite countless setbacks, she thrives and the reader cheers her success against impossible odds.
By the time the book climaxes in a courtroom scene, the reader's heart pulses in the throat, tensely rooting for Kya. It emerges then that the townspeople who seemed so distant and bigoted also have that spark of the divine. A small coterie protects her, and the small efforts others made years before to help the lonely child are revealed.
Perhaps we respond with empathy to Kya because there's a little of her in all of us: isolated, shy and afraid. We cheer her smallest victories and yearn for her happiness because she is such a poignant expression of ourselves. A constant subplot is the devastation wrecked on Kya's mother and her children by domestic abuse, but a slight twist for justice and glimmer of change comes at the end.
This entry was posted in Family Spirituality. Bookmark the permalink.
One response to "Book Review: Where the Crawdads Sing by Delia Owens"
Joyce Rupp | July 7, 2019 at 2:54 am | Reply
Hi, you write the best reviews! I started reading this bk earlier in the week and was delighted to see your review today. It's a great book. I really appreciated your blog on "the Fourth", too. I felt mostly sad on the holiday this year. take care Joyce


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Cancel Culture and Saviour Syndrome
Written by Anand Silodia
Anand Silodia
A few days ago, Richa Chadha shared the poster of her new movie, 'Madam Chief Minister', and it was immediately criticized for the depiction of the dalit protagonist. The protagonist, played by Chadha, was shown to be wearing a dirty t-shirt and holding a broom[1]. The gist of the criticism was that Savarna filmmakers can't seem to portray a dalit character without essentializing their idea of 'dalitness' through some deformity, like Kachra's hand from 'Lagaan', or through some other symbol of degradation, like the current movie's poster.
As far as criticisms go, this one is neither new nor particularly surprising for those who have seen similar criticisms before about how minorities and marginalized groups are represented in popular culture. Some people tagged Richa Chadha on twitter about this criticism. That got four kinds of responses from her and her friends. One, that we should not judge a book by its cover, but wait for the trailer.[1] Two, that the poster's creation isn't the actor's responsibility.[2][3][4] Three, that it's cancel-culture at work, and the critics are canceling her.[5][6][7] And four, that it's the actress's prerogative to ignore these discussions, similar to how she ignores Right Wing trolls.[8]
Let's go into each of these responses and see how valid they are.
The first one is that we shouldn't judge a book by its cover. Why not? It's the job of a cover to represent what's inside the book. That's why graphic designers are paid to design book covers and movie posters. That, in fact, is why movie posters are released before a movie, so that they can set expectations for the movie and get the audience excited. No one tells us not to judge a book by its cover or a movie by its poster when we praise it. It's only when we criticize it, that this trite line is thrown as a defence. So, this time we were told not to judge the movie by its poster but to wait for the trailer. What if we don't like the trailer? Then we will be told not to judge the movie by its trailer but to wait for the movie? Why make all this effort of making posters and trailers then? Save yourself some money and just release the movie.
Moreover, people aren't judging the movie. They are actually judging only the poster. What's wrong in that? I may like a book, but I can still say that it has an ugly or unimaginative or problematic cover. Anything released for public consumption is open to be judged. Always has been, always will be.
The second point is that the poster isn't the actor's responsibility. That's true, to a certain extent. I am not a film-industry insider. But as far as I understand, it's a collaborative effort. Directors and producers do listen to creative inputs from actors, especially when the actors are influential enough. It's not as if Richa Chadha couldn't have voiced her objections with her team if she felt that the image used for the poster was problematic. The simple truth seems to be that she never saw it as problematic, and so she never said anything about it.
It's not a crime to not have understood the problematic nature of something you participated in. Many of us have been there at some point in our lives. The question is, how do we react once the problematic thing is pointed out to us? Do we engage in a process of discussion and learning, or do we blame our interlocutors and refuse to even consider that they may have a valid point?
Miss Chadha has chosen the latter option. She's saying that she's being cancelled, subjected to agni-pareekshas, and that she refuses to engage on this topic. So, let's examine her third response. Let's see how valid her claim of being cancelled is. But to do that, we must first understand what is 'cancel-culture', and what does 'being cancelled' mean.
Cancel-culture is an American phenomenon, which emerged over the past few years. It refers to people having material consequences as a result of their political opinions. It began when some American college campuses cancelled the speaking engagements of certain public figures because of pressure from students who were opposed to the speakers' political opinions. This is where the term 'cancelled' started. Later, when some people were caught in racist acts on video, which then went viral on social media, their employers fired them because of the bad publicity. This way, their jobs were 'cancelled'. Another famous instance was when a group of school-shooting survivors were mocked by a news anchor, and they tweeted the news show's sponsors to pull out their ads, and they did.[9] Thus, the ads for the news show were 'cancelled'.
So, as we can see in each of these instances, cancellation had a literal meaning. Something was cancelled because of public pressure - speaking engagements, jobs, advertisements, etc. This is what cancel-culture means.
What does Richa Chadha mean when she says she's being cancelled? Is anyone calling for her movie not to be released? Is anyone calling for a general boycott of her movie? Is she fired from any new movie she wanted to do because of the criticism of this movie's poster? Is she fired from doing any product endorsement? Did she have a speaking engagement that she was disinvited from because of this poster? Is there any other sense in which she's being 'cancelled'?
No. Nope, nada, zilch. Not only has there been no material cancellation, but it's not as if the bahujan community has turned its back on her either. There are as many bahujans congratulating her for her movie as there are those who criticized the poster.[10] Even those who criticized the poster didn't 'cancel' any conversation with her. It was she who refused to engage in any discussion of the topic. So, if anything, it was she who 'cancelled' these conversations, and not the other way around.
This brings us to the last response - the refusal to engage with the criticism, while comparing the critics to right-wing trolls. It's every person's prerogative to choose not to respond to any criticism or to engage in any discussion. Indeed, many actors go quiet when there is any controversy regarding any of their movies, and wait for it to blow over. And there's nothing wrong in that response, if you consider that acting is just a profession, a paid job. The actor acts, gets paid for it, and steps away. They execute the writer's and director's vision and have no strong opinions about the ideas and images promoted by the film. So, there isn't much point in trying to engage in discussions with such actors.
The difference in this case is, that recently Richa Chadha was awarded Bharat Ratna Dr. Ambedkar Award, and on that occasion, she said this:
"For the year that we've had, it remains a continual duty of artistes to support the lesser privileged and help reinstate their lives. The job of an actor goes beyond an entertainer's. We all carry the responsibility of uplifting the society, and as an influencer, I urge that more people join in supporting the lesser privileged." [11]
When an actor talks about the social responsibility of actors towards the marginalized sections of the society like this, then they cannot claim to be apolitical professionals, whose only job was to act and to move on to the next project.[12] We expect empathy and understanding from them, because they profess to have those qualities.
But from the way she has handled the discussions around this issue, it seems that her idea of uplifting marginalized sections is as a saviour, not a comrade. Saviours can only be praised and adored, not reasoned with, far less criticized. Comrades criticize each other, support each other, help each other learn, keep each other accountable and push each other to do better. For social transformation and real change, a sincere comrade is far more valuable than a self-important saviour.
As for her critics being similar to right-wing trolls, is that even an accusation worth addressing? Right wing trolls threaten rape and violence. Before the release of 'Padmaavat', the right-wing outfit Karni Sena actually perpetrated violence and vandalism.[13][14] To equate that with people who are criticizing a poster for dehumanizing them, is just adding insult to injury.
[1] https://twitter.com/RichaChadha/status/1346459632412184577
[4] https://twitter.com/NotJustNyNerd/status/1346467584120537097
[6] https://twitter.com/varun_oberoi/status/1346333854533996544
[9] https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/mar/30/fox-news-ads-pulled-from-laura-ingraham-show-for-mocking-parkland-survivor
[10] https://twitter.com/RichaChadha/status/1346817924179386369
[11] https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/richa-chadha-honoured-with-bharat-ratna-dr-ambedkar-award-1741931-2020-11-18
[13] https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/padmavati-row-threat-to-maim-deepika-padukone-rs-5-crore-bounty-on-bhansali-s-head/story-nnZwqL0Ul2edyO8pD15ngM.html
[14] https://www.indiatimes.com/news/brave-karni-sena-attacks-kids-school-buses-vandalises-theatres-and-burns-vehicles-338333.html
Anand is a computer science postgraduate from IIT Delhi, currently working in the US as an IT professional.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Mastersingers of Nuremberg at ENO, or Fine Performance, Doubtful Omens
Note: This is a review of the performance on Saturday 21st February 2015
Wagner's Mastersingers, the programme advises, hasn't been seen at English National Opera for over thirty years. That it returns now, just as the company has been placed in special measures by the Arts Council, is ironic to say the least. On its own terms this is a very strong performance which shows the company at its best. What it tells us about the company's possible future is considerably more open to doubt.
But first let us look at this performance on its own merits. The finest work across the whole evening was unquestionably that of Edward Gardner on the podium and the ENO Orchestra in the pit. They delivered an account of this glorious score that was spacious and heartfelt but never lost momentum. Just occasionally I thought a little more attack was needed – the riot didn't quite reach the pitch of chaos it needs though the staging was also a factor here – but this is a minor quibble. Unlike many, I have a fondness for the Coliseum sound which I still feel has more warmth (if that's the word I want) than Covent Garden. I've long dreamed of hearing this score in this house, and I wasn't disappointed.
Labels: Coliseum, Finn, Opera Reviews
Man and Superman at the National, or, Settling Down for a Nice Long Conversation
Note: This is a review of the fourth preview on Friday 20th February 2015. 3 further previews remain. The Press Night takes place on Wednesday 25th February 2015.
Productions of Shaw's plays have been a highlight of recent years at the National and I've consequently been looking forward to this since it was announced, especially as Simon Godwin was returning to direct after his magnificent work on Strange Interlude. It did not disappoint.
This was my first time seeing the play. In advance I read an interview with director Simon Godwin which discussed the question of the omission of the dream sequence in Act 3. I think he is perfectly right that it is in fact an integral part of the work which, to my mind, enriches the debate about relations between the sexes and adds an extra dimension to the resolution of Act 4. Nor is this an evening which felt to me too long – Godwin and his ensemble make 3.5hrs absolutely fly by.
Previous Shaws I've seen usually involve a debate about something, and Man and Superman is no exception. In this case, Shaw's main concern is a broad survey of relations between the sexes, the nature of marriage, appropriate gender roles. However, there's a gloriously wide-ranging character to this work, so that one is also carried into barbed remarks on Anglo-American relations (a professional interest of mine), class, socialism, art. Moreover, while serious questions are under discussion in all these areas the play almost never loses a sense of fun (bouyed up by sparkling one-liners of which my pick was that concerning muffins and inspiration, while my companion's was that regarding a moral gymnasium). Further, while Shaw in my experience gives scope for rival points of view (and thereby scores over many modern "issue" playwrights who struggle badly with this) it usually remains fairly clear where his loyalties lie. Here I found things intriguingly ambigious – especially in terms of what attitude we're supposed to leave the theatre with regarding Tanner's fate. Only one aspect did seem underexplored – that of Tanner as author of The Revolutionist's Handbook.
Eugene Onegin at the Barbican, or, Who Are All These People?
I'm beginning to have the slight suspicion that Eugene Onegin is one of those stories which is not for me, as this is the second version of it I've seen which left me cold, though it may not have been helped by the fact I was labouring under a nasty cold to start with.
The first problem was the rather baffling concept, the purpose of which was no clearer to me at the end than at the beginning. Rimas Tuminas has decided to set the adaptation in a dance studio in which various men (whose reasons for being there are also opaque) decide to start reciting Pushkin's poem. The effect of this peculiar arrangement was to put a hurdle between me and a real emotional engagement with the narrative from the beginning because I couldn't work out who they were and I didn't really believe in them.
Labels: Barbican, Finn, Theatre Reviews
The Mastersingers of Nuremberg at ENO, or Fine Per...
Man and Superman at the National, or, Settling Dow...
Eugene Onegin at the Barbican, or, Who Are All The...