text:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the MIT License.  See License in the project root for license information.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

using Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Mocks;
using Microsoft.Graph;
using Moq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xunit;

namespace Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Requests
{
    public class HttpProviderTests : IDisposable
    {
        private HttpProvider httpProvider;
        private MockSerializer serializer = new MockSerializer();
        private TestHttpMessageHandler testHttpMessageHandler;

        public HttpProviderTests()
        {
            this.testHttpMessageHandler = new TestHttpMessageHandler();
            this.httpProvider = new HttpProvider(this.testHttpMessageHandler, true, this.serializer.Object);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            this.httpProvider.Dispose();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void HttpProvider_CustomCacheHeaderAndTimeout()
        {
            var timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(200);
            var cacheHeader = new CacheControlHeaderValue();
            using (var defaultHttpProvider = new HttpProvider(null) { CacheControlHeader = cacheHeader, OverallTimeout = timeout })
            {
                Assert.False(defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl.NoCache);
                Assert.False(defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl.NoStore);

                Assert.Equal(timeout, defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.Timeout);
                Assert.NotNull(defaultHttpProvider.Serializer);
                Assert.IsType(typeof(Serializer), defaultHttpProvider.Serializer);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void HttpProvider_CustomHttpClientHandler()
        {
            using (var httpClientHandler = new HttpClientHandler())
            using (var httpProvider = new HttpProvider(httpClientHandler, false, null))
            {
                Assert.Equal(httpClientHandler, httpProvider.httpMessageHandler);
                Assert.False(httpProvider.disposeHandler);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public void HttpProvider_DefaultConstructor()
        {
            using (var defaultHttpProvider = new HttpProvider())
            {
                Assert.True(defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl.NoCache);
                Assert.True(defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl.NoStore);

                Assert.True(defaultHttpProvider.disposeHandler);
                Assert.NotNull(defaultHttpProvider.httpMessageHandler);
                Assert.False(((HttpClientHandler)defaultHttpProvider.httpMessageHandler).AllowAutoRedirect);

                Assert.Equal(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(100), defaultHttpProvider.httpClient.Timeout);

                Assert.IsType(typeof(Serializer), defaultHttpProvider.Serializer);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task OverallTimeout_RequestAlreadySent()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);
                var returnedResponseMessage = await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage);
            }

            try
            {
                Assert.Throws<ServiceException>( () => this.httpProvider.OverallTimeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, 30));
            }
            catch (ServiceException serviceException)
            {
                Assert.True(serviceException.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.NotAllowed));
                Assert.Equal(
                    ErrorConstants.Messages.OverallTimeoutCannotBeSet,
                    serviceException.Error.Message);
                Assert.IsType(typeof(InvalidOperationException), serviceException.InnerException);

                throw;
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);
                var returnedResponseMessage = await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage);

                Assert.Equal(httpResponseMessage, returnedResponseMessage);
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_ClientGeneralException()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            {
                this.httpProvider.Dispose();

                var clientException = new Exception();
                this.httpProvider = new HttpProvider(new ExceptionHttpMessageHandler(clientException), /* disposeHandler */ true, null);

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendRequestAsync(
                        httpRequestMessage, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseContentRead, CancellationToken.None));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.True(exception.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.GeneralException));
                    Assert.Equal(ErrorConstants.Messages.UnexpectedExceptionOnSend, exception.Error.Message);
                    Assert.Equal(clientException, exception.InnerException);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_ClientTimeout()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            {
                this.httpProvider.Dispose();

                var clientException = new TaskCanceledException();
                this.httpProvider = new HttpProvider(new ExceptionHttpMessageHandler(clientException), /* disposeHandler */ true, null);

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendRequestAsync(
                        httpRequestMessage, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseContentRead, CancellationToken.None));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.True(exception.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.Timeout));
                    Assert.Equal(ErrorConstants.Messages.RequestTimedOut, exception.Error.Message);
                    Assert.Equal(clientException, exception.InnerException);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_InvalidRedirectResponse()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                httpResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Redirect;
                httpResponseMessage.RequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.True(exception.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.GeneralException));
                    Assert.Equal(
                        ErrorConstants.Messages.LocationHeaderNotSetOnRedirect,
                        exception.Error.Message);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_RedirectResponse_VerifyHeadersOnRedirect()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var redirectResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            using (var finalResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                httpRequestMessage.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("bearer", "token");
                httpRequestMessage.Headers.Add("testHeader", "testValue");
                httpRequestMessage.Headers.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true, NoStore = true };

                redirectResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Redirect;
                redirectResponseMessage.Headers.Location = new Uri("https://localhost/redirect");
                redirectResponseMessage.RequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), redirectResponseMessage);
                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(redirectResponseMessage.Headers.Location.ToString(), finalResponseMessage);

                var returnedResponseMessage = await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage);

                Assert.Equal(3, finalResponseMessage.RequestMessage.Headers.Count());

                foreach (var header in httpRequestMessage.Headers)
                {
                    var actualValues = finalResponseMessage.RequestMessage.Headers.GetValues(header.Key);

                    Assert.Equal(actualValues.Count(), header.Value.Count());

                    foreach (var headerValue in header.Value)
                    {
                        Assert.True(actualValues.Contains(headerValue));
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_MaxRedirects()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var redirectResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            using (var tooManyRedirectsResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                redirectResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Redirect;
                redirectResponseMessage.Headers.Location = new Uri("https://localhost/redirect");
                tooManyRedirectsResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.Redirect;

                redirectResponseMessage.RequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), redirectResponseMessage);
                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(redirectResponseMessage.Headers.Location.ToString(), tooManyRedirectsResponseMessage);

                httpRequestMessage.Headers.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue(CoreConstants.Headers.Bearer, "ticket");

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.HandleRedirect(
                        redirectResponseMessage,
                        HttpCompletionOption.ResponseContentRead,
                        CancellationToken.None,
                        5));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.True(exception.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.TooManyRedirects));
                    Assert.Equal(
                        string.Format(ErrorConstants.Messages.TooManyRedirectsFormatString, "5"),
                        exception.Error.Message);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_NotFoundWithoutErrorBody()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, "https://localhost"))
            using (var stringContent = new StringContent("test"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                httpResponseMessage.Content = stringContent;
                httpResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.NotFound;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);

                this.serializer.Setup(
                    serializer => serializer.DeserializeObject<ErrorResponse>(
                        It.IsAny<Stream>()))
                    .Returns((ErrorResponse)null);

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.True(exception.IsMatch(ErrorConstants.Codes.ItemNotFound));
                    Assert.True(string.IsNullOrEmpty(exception.Error.Message));

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_NotFoundWithBody()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var stringContent = new StringContent("test"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                httpResponseMessage.Content = stringContent;
                httpResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);

                var expectedError = new ErrorResponse
                {
                    Error = new Error
                    {
                        Code = ErrorConstants.Codes.ItemNotFound,
                        Message = "Error message"
                    }
                };

                this.serializer.Setup(serializer => serializer.DeserializeObject<ErrorResponse>(It.IsAny<Stream>())).Returns(expectedError);

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.Equal(expectedError.Error.Code, exception.Error.Code);
                    Assert.Equal(expectedError.Error.Message, exception.Error.Message);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_CopyThrowSiteHeader()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                const string throwSite = "throw site";

                httpResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.BadRequest;
                httpResponseMessage.Headers.Add(CoreConstants.Headers.ThrowSiteHeaderName, throwSite);
                httpResponseMessage.RequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);

                this.serializer.Setup(
                    serializer => serializer.DeserializeObject<ErrorResponse>(
                        It.IsAny<Stream>()))
                    .Returns(new ErrorResponse { Error = new Error() });

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.NotNull(exception.Error);
                    Assert.Equal(
                        throwSite,
                        exception.Error.ThrowSite);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SendAsync_CopyThrowSiteHeader_ThrowSiteAlreadyInError()
        {
            using (var httpRequestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, "https://localhost"))
            using (var stringContent = new StringContent("test"))
            using (var httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage())
            {
                httpResponseMessage.Content = stringContent;

                const string throwSiteBodyValue = "throw site in body";
                const string throwSiteHeaderValue = "throw site in header";

                httpResponseMessage.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.BadRequest;
                httpResponseMessage.Headers.Add(CoreConstants.Headers.ThrowSiteHeaderName, throwSiteHeaderValue);
                httpResponseMessage.RequestMessage = httpRequestMessage;

                this.testHttpMessageHandler.AddResponseMapping(httpRequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString(), httpResponseMessage);

                this.serializer.Setup(
                    serializer => serializer.DeserializeObject<ErrorResponse>(
                        It.IsAny<Stream>()))
                    .Returns(new ErrorResponse { Error = new Error { ThrowSite = throwSiteBodyValue } });

                try
                {
                    await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ServiceException>(async () => await this.httpProvider.SendAsync(httpRequestMessage));
                }
                catch (ServiceException exception)
                {
                    Assert.NotNull(exception.Error);
                    Assert.Equal(
                        throwSiteBodyValue,
                        exception.Error.ThrowSite);

                    throw;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Don't Miss Out On This Beautiful 4BR/2.5BA Move-In Ready Home That's Soaked in Natural Light. This Gorgeous and Spacious Home Boasts: an Open Floor Plan, an Upgraded Kitchen With Granite Counters and New Stainless Steel Appliances, a Large Master Bedroom With Ensuite Bath, Hardwood Floors All Throughout Main Level, Full Finished Basement, Huge Backyard With a Peaceful Concrete Patio, and Much More! Excellent Schools and Close to Expressway, Restaurants, Shopping, Hospitals, and More!! You'll Love The Detail in The Amazing Trim Work and Tray Ceilings. This Home is Turnkey Ready! All NEW Within The Last Year: Roof, Siding, Windows, Washer/Dryer, Stainless Steel Kitchen Appliances; Just Move Right In! Check It Out Today!


text:
West Palm Beach, FL - Miami
Flights from West Palm Beach, FL to Miami
Flights to Miami for the best price
Find out relevant information on West Palm Beach, FL and Miami to help you prepare for your trip.
Trains are 23% more expensive in Miami than in West Palm Beach, FL.
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Coffee in Miami is 9% cheaper than in West Palm Beach, FL.
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? Miami International Airport (MIA)
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? Dade Collier (TNT)
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Are you planning to travel to Miami for vacations, business or family visits? eDreams offers you the cheapest flights and best deals departing from West Palm Beach, FL. With our fast search engine you will get a large selection of airfares from standard and low cost airlines worldwide and easily book your tickets for this route. If you are flexible we help you identify the cheapest day to fly to Miami and if you need to leave soon you can check our most convenient last minute fares. Read all the useful information about your next destination and proceed to the reservation, indicating your flight dates and completing your travel booking with hotels and car rental!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
— Main Menu —Home Moving to Singapore - Resources - Property - Househunting Singapore Life - Cost of Living - Practicalities - Shopping - Food - International Food - Hotels - Travel - Weekend Breaks - Things to Do - Getting Around - Singapore Expats Blog - Contact - Advertise - Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Cookie Policy (EU)
Singapore Expats
9 Things You Need to Know About Singapore Public Transportation
singaporeguest
If there is one word that best describes the attitude that the Singaporean administration uses to approach the management of the city, it is "convenience." Things are designed to be as easy to access and enjoy as possible – public transportation, especially so.
Here are a few tips that will help you make the most of the public transportation in Singapore – how to use it and how to act while you ride.
Using the System
Use your NETS card as a pass — When you move to Singapore and open up a bank account here, your checking account will likely be connected to a NETS card. NETS is a debit system that functions as cash.
This is very convenient for shopping in different retailers throughout the island, and it is also significantly useful to support your transportation needs. Your NETS card can be used in two ways when you're finding your way around Singapore.
First, use your NETS card in a cab. Surprisingly, the Singaporean taxi system has been slow to adapt to credit card technology. Not all the cars have the capacity to take credit cards as payment, which can be very frustrating in our increasingly plastic world, but no need to worry – they will take your NETS card and run it the same as cash.
Second, you can use your NETS card as a ticket when you ride the MRT system. If your EZlink MRT card balance is running low, just swipe your NETS card as you pass through the turnstiles – when you exit the station, the cost of the ticket will be deducted, no problem.
Apps to plan your bus trip — The bus system is regular and widespread, but it can be difficult to remember all of those schedules and routes. Luckily, there are several superb apps to help you best plan your trip from point A to point B.
NextRide will make suggestions of a few different journeys that combine bus and metro rides with walking directions, based on how long it will take you to reach your destination.
Search for a stop on BusLeh, and you'll be provided with a list of all the buses that come by, along with a fairly accurate to the minute update of how long until the next three of them arrive.
Metro Fees — All metro fares are charged based on the distance traveled. There are no boarding or transfer charges, so you won't be penalized if your journey involves changes between a few different trains. Rides start at 78 cents per trip and top out at $2.70, though there is an additional fee for peak periods.
Taxi Fee — Compared to other international cities like London and New York, the cost of a Singapore taxi ride is very reasonable. Still, the fee structure can be complicated – and so it's useful to be aware of any surcharges that may be added to your trip cost.
Flag-down fare – S$3 to S$3.90
Distance fares
– 22 cents every 400 metres (above 1km-10km)*
– 22 cents every 350 metres (above 10km)*
Waiting time – 22 cents every 45 seconds*
*Some exceptions
There is no fee for trips to the airport, though there is an added $3-5 for trips from the airport
Trips commencing or ending in the city area between 5pm and midnight will add a S$3 fee
Pre-booking will incur a fee, though the amount depends on the taxi company
Prepare for fees when traveling to Sentosa, Gardens by the Bay, and ferry/cruise terminals.
Timing — In order to be responsive to the demand of passengers, the metro schedule varies depending on the line and day of the week. Generally, however, train service begins around 5:30 am and the last train departs between 11:15 pm/12:49 am.
Behavioral Guidelines
It is just as important to prepare for the expectations of etiquette and behaviour that are enforced on the Singapore MRT system. While many of the guidelines that follow might just seem like common sense, here they have real world consequences – as you might find yourself being fined by breaking them.
Right of Way — There is a sternly enforced expectation that embarking and aligning from the train will happen in an orderly manner – a distinct contrast from many other cities in the region.
In order to do so, passengers waiting to enter the car wait in lines to the left and right of the doors. As the train arrives at the station, those leaving the MRT exit through the center walkway first and then the passengers board the car.
Reserved Seating — The seats closest to the doors are strictly reserved for the elderly, the disabled, pregnant women, or parents with children. Many times, even during rush hour, the spaces will be left empty in the event that someone in need will board the train. Poster messaging throughout the train system reminds passengers that giving them the seat is 'the right thing to do."
No Food or Drink — The Singaporean MRT system is notoriously well maintained. The floors and seats are remarkably grime free compared to the state of many metro systems worldwide. One of the reasons the cars are able to stay so spotless is because all consumption of food and drink is banned; even a small sip of water is against the rules.
No Durian — In order to preserve the pleasant environment for everyone, the Singaporean Transit Authority has specifically banned durian, the beloved – yet notoriously pungent – Southeast Asian fruit. If you are looking to try some, make sure you eat it near where you buy it; transporting a durian on the MRT will result in heavy fines.
Be Considerate — The system as a whole has an overall expectation that all passengers do what they can to make transit pleasant for everyone. Perhaps the best illustration of this is the "Thoughtful Bunch," a group of compassionate characters including: Bag Down Benny, Hush-Hush Hannah, Stand Up Stacey, Give Way Glenda, and Move In Martin, featured on posters throughout the Singapore MRT that help make the point for more gracious behaviour.
Top 9 Best Recruitment Agencies in Singapore
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Seven Best Places to Live in Singapore for Expats
How Many Days You Need to Visit Singapore (and What You Should Do During Your Stay)
Singapore vs. Istanbul: Cost of Living
7 Easy Steps to Find Work in Singapore
Monthly Cost of Living in Singapore
9 Tips for Opening a Bank Account in Singapore
How much do Schools cost in Singapore?
Copyright 2019 LivinginSingapore.org - The Expat Guide to Living in Singapore


On Friday Kahele brought home a lot of Luau leaves from their lo'i, so I made a crockpot laulau.
** we also put about a pound of pork belly in there because we like the fat and also added butterfish, but these are definitely optional.
Clean your leaves. I filled up the sink to help with the cleaning. You'll also want to cut the stems off.
Cut your pork into about 1 1/2 inch cubes and season with salt and shoyu.
Layer a good amount of leaves on the bottom of pot (I used about 15 good size leaves.
Add your meat to the pot. And cover with as many leaves as you can (they shrink down a lot so just stuff as much as you can). Add some water (about a cup is good) and cook on high for 8 hours.
Note: If adding butterfish you can add this at the last hour of cooking.
This entry was posted in Food & Drinks and tagged Crockpot, Hawaiian, Laulau by tairaxo. Bookmark the permalink.
What a lovely, recipe! I wish I had some Luau leaves easily accessible, so I can try this recipe myself. I love a great crockpot meal, and I have a feeling this will be a favorite as well. Thanks so much for sharing such an interesting recipe on #SHINEbloghop! We're so happy you were able to join us this week!
Some people say that they use spinach when they can't find luau leaves. Not sure how different it would taste though. Maybe collard greens?
It was super tasty for something so simple.


text:
Church of Santa Maria della Croce
Madonna della Campana Church
Mother Church of the Annunciation
Palazzo Capozza
Palazzo D'Aquino
Palazzo D'Elia
Palazzo De Judicibus
Dating to the seventeenth century, the palazzo was built to celebrate the prestige of the dukes from the noble Neapolitan D'Aquino family
Dating to the seventeenth century, the palazzo was built to celebrate the prestige of the dukes from the noble Neapolitan D'Aquino family. Emanuele was the sixth and last duke D'Aquino born in Casarano, after which the family returned to Naples. The palazzo is currently owned by the De Lorenzis family.
The imposing construction, also know as a "castle," is Casarano's largest building in terms of the breadth of its façade (120 metres). The frontage, designed by the architect Germano De Santis, is bipartite, with a long row of 52 figured brackets that were to hold up a balcony that was never built; in fact, the baronial palazzo is unfinished, as shown by the right-hand side of the building and the numerous broken or walled-up windows on the piano nobile. Here, windows open with a triangular tympanum, or with moulding.
The smooth façade contrasts with the rusticated decoration of the corner pilaster (the other was never built) and of the area around the portal.
Upon the property's purchase by the De Lorenzis family in the late nineteenth century, renovation and decoration works were carried out, involving above all the building's upper storeys. The salon is one of the most precious environments, for the decorations of the vault and for the beautiful floor mosaic.
After Unification in 1860, De Lorenzis, a follower of Garabaldi, had the great man's endeavours depicted on the vault walls, thus bearing witness to his own political temperament. The brothers Peluso left their mark, producing a noteworthy floor mosaic with geometric motifs and animal figures. Inside, the small church dedicated to Saint Anne may be seen.
Casarano - Lecce
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Primary and Secondary education provided by The Christian Brothers in O'Connell's Primary School and St Aidans, Whitehall, Secondary School. Third level education includes an MBA from UCD Michael Smurfit Business School, a Law Degree from DIT and various courses of study on sustainability and the environment.
Taxes are earned as CEO of an environmental management company specialising in the management of electronic waste.


Voronezh (Russian: Воро́неж, IPA: [vɐˈronʲɪʂ]) is a city and the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast, Russia, straddling the Voronezh River and located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from where it flows into the Don. The city sits on the Southeastern Railway, which connects European Russia with the Urals and Siberia, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the M4 highway (Moscow–Voronezh–Rostov-on-Don–Novorossiysk). Its population in 2016 was estimated to be 1,032,895; up from 889,680 recorded in the 2010 Census; it is the fourteenth most populous city in the country.
The first chronicle references to the word "Voronezh" are dated 1177, when the Ryazan prince Yaropolk, having lost the battle, fled "to Voronozh" and there was moving "from hail into hail." Modern data of archeology and history interpret Voronezh as a geographical region, which included the Voronezh river (tributary of the Don) and a number of settlements. In the lower reaches of the river, an unique Slavic town-planning complex of the 8th – early 11th century was discovered, which covered the territory of the present city of Voronezh and its environs (about 42 km long, about 13 forts and many unfortified villages). By the 12th – 13th centuries, most of the old "hails" were desolate, but new settlements appeared upstream, closer to Ryazan.
For many years, the hypothesis of the Soviet historian Vladimir Zagorovsky dominated: he produced the toponym "Voronezh" from the hypothetical Slavic personal name Voroneg. This man allegedly gave the name of a small town in the Chernigov Principality (now the village of Voronezh in Ukraine). Later, in the XI or XII centuries, the settlers were able to "transfer" this name to the Don region, where they named the second city Voronezh, and the river got its name from the city. However, now many researchers criticize the hypothesis, since in reality neither the name of Voroneg nor the second city was revealed, and usually the names of Russian cities repeated the names of the rivers, but not vice versa.
The linguistic comparative analysis of the name "Voronezh" was carried out by the Khovansky Foundation in 2009. There is an indication of the place names of many countries in Eurasia, which may partly be not only similar in sound, but also united by common Indo-European languages: Varanasi, Varna, Verona, Brno, etc.
A comprehensive scientific analysis was conducted in 2015–2016 by the historian Pavel Popov. His conclusion: "Voronezh" is a probable Slavic macrotoponym associated with outstanding signs of nature, has a root voron- (from the proto-Slavic vorn) in the meaning of "black, dark" and the suffix -ezh (-azh, -ozh). It was not "transferred" and in the 8th - 9th centuries it marked a vast territory covered with black forests (oak forests) - from the mouth of the Voronezh river to the Voronozhsky annalistic forests in the middle and upper reaches of the river, and in the west to the Don (many forests were cut down). The historian believes that the main "city" of the early town-planning complex could repeat the name of the region – Voronezh. Now the hillfort is located in the administrative part of the modern city, in the Voronezh upland oak forest. This is one of Europe's largest ancient Slavic hillforts, the area of which – more than 9 hectares – 13 times the area of the main settlement in Kiev before the baptism of Rus.
Folk etymology claims the name comes from combining the Russian words for raven (ворон) and hedgehog (еж) into Воронеж. According to this explanation two Slavic tribes named after the animals used this combination to name the river which later in turn provided the name for a settlement. There is not believed to be any scientific support for this explanation.
In the 16th century, the Middle Don basin, including the Voronezh river, was gradually conquered by Muscovy from the Nogai Horde (a successor state of the Golden Horde), and the current city of Voronezh was established in 1585 by Feodor I as a fort protecting the Muravsky Trail trade route against the raids of the Nogai and Crimean Tatars.The city was named after the river .
During World War II, Voronezh was the scene of fierce fighting between Russian and combined Axis troops. The Germans used it as a staging area for their attack on Stalingrad, and made it a key crossing point on the Don River. In June 1941, two BM-13 (Fighting machine #13 Katyusha) artillery installations were built at the Voronezh excavator factory. In July, the construction of Katyushas was rationalized so that their manufacture became easier and the time of volley repetition was shortened from five minutes to fifteen seconds. More than 300 BM-13 units manufactured in Voronezh were used in a counterattack near Moscow in December 1941. In October 22, 1941, the advance of the German troops prompted the establishment of a defense committee in the city. On November 7, 1941, there was a troop parade, devoted to the anniversary of the October Revolution. Only three such parades were organized that year: in Moscow, Kuybyshev, and Voronezh. In late June 1942, the city was attacked by German and Hungarian forces. In response, Soviet forces formed the Voronezh Front. By July 6, the German army occupied the western river-bank suburbs before being subjected to a fierce Soviet counter-attack. By July 24 the frontline had stabilised along the Voronezh River as the German forces continued southeast into the Great Bend of the Don. The attack on Voronezh represented the first phase of the German Army's 1942 campaign in the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue.
KBKhA Chemical Automatics Design Bureau with notable products:.
On the territory of the city district government Maslovka Voronezh region with the support of the Investment Fund of Russia, is implementing a project to create an industrial park, "Maslowski", to accommodate more than 100 new businesses, including the transformer factory of Siemens. On September 7, 2011 in Voronezh there opened a Global network operation center of Nokia Siemens Networks, which was the fifth in the world and the first in Russia.
Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Voronezh and Moscow. Rail services form a part of the South Eastern Railway of the Russian Railways. Destinations served direct from Voronezh include Moscow, Kiev, Kursk, Novorossiysk, Sochi, and Tambov. The main train station is called Voronezh-1 Railway Station.
Voronezh experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb) with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.
^ a b Историческая хроника (DOC) (in Russian). Муниципальное учреждение культуры Централизованная библиотечная система города Воронежа Центральная городская библиотека имени А. Платонова. 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
^ Воронеж может оказаться намного старше (in Russian). Вести. August 19, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
^ "История". Voronezh-city.ru. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ "База данных показателей муниципальных образований". Gks.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Каталог компаний, справочник компаний России: Желтые страницы России - Евро Адрес". E-adres.ru. Archived from the original on August 30, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Рекетнммши Йнд Цнпндю Бнпнмеф". Kody.su. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ "День города Воронеж 2015". Mir36.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ В. П. Загоровский. "Воронежская историческая энциклопедия". Воронеж, 1992. Стр. 53.
^ А. З. Винников, А. Т. Синюк. "Дорогами тысячелетий: Археологи о древней истории Воронежского края". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 2003. Стр. 185–187, 236–242.
^ Н. А. Тропин. "Южные территории Чернигово-Рязанского порубежья в XII–XV вв." Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора исторических наук. Москва, 2007.
^ a b П. А. Попов. "Воронеж: древнее слово и древние города, а также древние леса и древние реки России". Воронеж, 2016.
^ Woroneż (Wronasz) is shown on the Woroneż river by Stefan Kuczyński (1936) in a historical map of 15th-century Chernigov, «Ziemie Czernihowsko-Siewierskie pod rządami Litwy».
^ В. П. Загоровский. "О древнем Воронеже и слове «Воронеж»". Издание 2-е. Воронеж, 1977.
^ Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира". Москва, 1998. Стр. 104.
^ А. Лазарев. "Тайна имени Воронежъ" (The Mystery of the Name of Voronezh). Воронеж, 2009.
^ П. А. Попов. "Комплексный подход в топонимических исследованиях в связи с историей русского градостроительства (на примере Центрального Черноземья)". Девятые всероссийские краеведческие чтения (Москва – Воронеж, 15–19 мая 2015 г.). Москва; Воронеж, 2016. Стр. 423–434.
^ Russiæ, vulgo Moscovia, pars australis in Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum, Editæ a Guiljel et Ioanne Blaeu, 1645.
^ Alex Levin, Under The Yellow & Red Stars Archived August 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (Azrieli Foundation, 2009), pp. 45ff., "The Suvorov Military School".
^ Dahlberg, John-Thor (October 11, 1989). "Voronzeh Scientist Quoted by TASS Casts Doubt on UFO Landing Story". Associated Press. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
^ "UFO lands in Russia? Writer now waffles". United Press International. October 10, 1989. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
^ Fein, Esther B.; Times, Special To The New York (October 11, 1989). "U.F.O. Landing Is Fact, Not Fantasy, the Russians Insist". The New York Times. p. 6.
^ "В Воронеже родился миллионный житель". РБК. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Главная страница - АО "Концерн «Созвездие"". Vsm-sorter.com. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Voronezh Mechanical Plant". Vmzvrn.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "MMHC RUDGORMASH Mining Machinery Holding Company". Mmhc-rudgormash.com. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "НИИПМ-->О компании-->Институт сегодня". Vniipm.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ ""Конструкторское Бюро Химавтоматики" - Главная". Kbkha.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Pirelli, Russian Technologies joint venture launches technologically advanced second production line at Voronezh". Pirelli.com. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Главная - ЦКР". Cluster36.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Жд вокзал Воронеж | Оригинал жд билета | Жд билеты | Международный аэропорт "Стригино" г. Нижний Новгород, РЖД билет, купить ж д билет, рейсы самолетов в нижний новгород, телефоны справочного бюро аэропорта стригино, заказ ж/д билетов, стоимость жд билетов, билеты на поезд, бронирование, авиарейсы - Аэропорт Нижний Новгород - Нижегородский аэропорт - сайт аэропорта нижний новгород стригино - МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ АЭРОПОРТ НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД". Nnov-airport.ru. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ "Voronezh, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
^ "Voronez (Voronezh) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
^ "О филиале". Cb.rgup.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Воронежский камерный театр". Chambervrn.ru. Archived from the original on August 21, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Воронежский Академический Театр драмы им. А. Кольцова". Voronezhdrama.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Воронежский государственный театр оперы и балета – официальный сайт". Theatre-vrn.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ ".:. Òåàòð Êóêîë - "ØÓÒ" .:". Puppet-shut.ru. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ "Фестиваль". Platonovfest.com. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ 14:50. "В Воронеже открыли одну из крупнейших синагог России". Rg.ru. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
^ "The Jewish Community of Voronezh". evrei-vrn.ru. Retrieved August 6, 2016.
^ Рациональная маршрутная сеть. "Воронеж: официальный сайт администрации городского округа". Voronezh-city.ru. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
^ "City of Brno Foreign Relations - Statutory city of Brno" (in Czech). 2.brno.cz. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
^ "Brno - Partnerská města" (in Czech). Brno.cz. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
^ "Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios". Larazon.es. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
Воронежская областная Дума. Закон №66-ОЗ от 31 октября 2005 г. «О наделении муниципального образования город Воронеж статусом городского округа». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования (18 ноября 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Коммуна", №171, 8 ноября 2005 г. (Voronezh Oblast Duma. Law #66-OZ of October 31, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the City of Voronezh. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication date (November 18, 2005).).
Charlotte Hobson's book, Black Earth City, is an account of life in Voronezh at the time of the fall of the Soviet Union based on her experiences after spending a year in Voronezh as a foreign student in 1991–1992.
Nadezhda Mandelstam's Hope Against Hope, the first volume of her memoirs concerning her husband, the poet Osip Mandelstam, provides many details about life in Voronezh in the 1930s under Stalinist rule.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Voronezh.


Every week brings new jobs, emails, files, and task lists. Just how much of that is different from the job you have done before? Odds are, maybe not much. Many of our daily tasks are variants on something we've done countless times before.
Don't reinvent the wheel every single time you start something fresh. Use templates–standardized files with formatting and text as starting point for new work. Once you save another variant of the template, just add, remove, or alter any info for that record that is exceptional, and you are going to have the work.
Templates work anywhere: in word processors, spreadsheets, project management apps, survey platforms, and email. Here's how to use templates in your favorite programs –and how to create documents from a template–so you can get your tasks faster.
Programs take time to build, and it's easy to wonder if they are worth the investment. The answer: absolutely. Editing a template takes far less time than formatting something from scratch. It's the distinction between retyping it, or copying and pasting some text.
That's only one benefit: Using a template means you're not as inclined to leave out crucial info, also. By way of example, if you need to send freelance writers a contributor agreement, changing a standard contract template (instead of writing a new contract every time) ensures you won't leave out that crucial clause about owning the material as soon as you've paid for this.
Templates additionally guarantee consistency. Perhaps you send regular job updates to clients or investors. With a template, you know the upgrade will always have the exact same formatting, layout, and arrangement.
First, templates should be comprehensive. So err on the side of adding instead of too small, it is simpler to delete info than add it .
Imagine you are developing a template of your own resume. You'd want to list details so you'll have.
Some tools will automatically fill in these variables for you (more on this in a bit). But if you need to fill in the data by yourself, include some text that is obvious and easy to look for so you can locate text that needs to be changed without a lot of work.


text:
Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in automobiles, motorcycles, light trucks, and some bicycles. It is used to transfer force into pressure, and to amplify braking force. It works because liquids are not appreciably compressible.

Most brake fluids used today are glycol-ether based, but mineral oil (Citroën/Rolls-Royce liquide hydraulique minéral (LHM)) and silicone-based (DOT 5) fluids are also available.

Standards
Most Brake fluids are manufactured to meet standards set by international, national, or local organizations or government agencies.

International
The International Standards Organisation has published its standard ISO 4925, defining classes 3, 4, and 5, as well as class 5.1, class 6 and class 7  reflecting progressively higher performance for brake fluids.

SAE
The Society of Automotive Engineers SAE has published standards J1703, J1704, and J1705, reflecting progressively higher performance for brake fluids. These have counterparts in the international standard, ISO 4925.

United States
The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) under FMVSS Standard No. 116 defines grades DOT 3, DOT 4, DOT 5 and DOT 5.1, where DOT refers to the U.S. Department of Transportation. These are widely used in other countries. Their classifications broadly reflect the SAE's specifications, DOT 3 is equivalent to SAE J1703 and ISO class 3, DOT 4 to SAE J1704 and ISO class 4, etc.

All DOT compliant fluids must be colorless or amber, except for DOT 5 silicone, which must be purple. FMVSS Standard No. 116's scope is limited to fluid 'for use'. Brake fluid 'in use', or not labeled DOT compliant, is found any color.

DOT 4
While a vehicle that uses DOT 3 may also use DOT 4 or 5.1 (a temperature upgrade) if the elastomers in the system accept the borate compounds that raise the boiling point, a vehicle that requires DOT 4 might boil the brake fluid if a DOT 3 (a temperature downgrade) is used. Additionally, these polyglycol-ether-based fluids cannot be mixed with DOT 5.0, which is silicone based.

DOT 5
DOT 5 is a silicone-based fluid and is separate from the series of DOT 2, 3, 4, 5.1. It is immiscible with water, and with other brake fluids, and must not be mixed with them. Systems can change fluid only after a complete system changeover, such as a total restoration.

It contains at least 70% by weight of a diorgano polysiloxane. Unlike polyethylene glycol based fluids, DOT 5 is hydrophobic. An advantage over other forms of brake fluid is that silicone has a more stable viscosity index over a wider temperature range. Another property is that it does not damage paint.

DOT 5 brake fluid is not compatible with anti-lock braking systems. DOT 5 fluid can aerate when the anti-lock brake system is activated. DOT 5 brake fluid absorbs a small amount of air requiring care when bleeding the system of air.

DOT 5.1
Lack of acceptance of silicone-based fluids led to the development of DOT 5.1, a fluid giving the performance advantages of silicone, whilst retaining some familiarity and compatibility with the glycol ether fluids. DOT 5.1 is the non-silicone version of DOT 5, defined by FMVSS 116 as being less than 70% silicone. Above that threshold makes it DOT 5.

Citroën hydropneumatic suspension
In the 1950s, Citroën introduced a hydropneumatic suspension system, powered by an engine-driven pump and also used to operate the braking system. This used a Citroën-specific hydraulic fluid. The first fluids were of variable chemistry, and available from various suppliers. Shell Donax D, Lockheed HD19, Castrol HF were some of them. Citroën then attempted to improve and standardise the fluid in 1962 with LHS (), a vegetable/synthetic based fluid. In 1964 this was improved with the fully synthetic LHS2. In 1966 Citroën introduced LHM (), a mineral fluid. LHS was hygroscopic and gave problems with internal corrosion. Although the two fluids are incompatible, LHM has been universal since 1967, and some older cars have been converted to use it.

This system was also used on Rolls-Royce and some Maserati models.

Hydragas and Hydrolastic suspension
Hydragas and Hydrolastic suspension were a widely used form of hydropneumatic suspension, designed by Alex Moulton, and used on British Leyland cars from the 1960s. This system was not engine-driven and did not involve the braking system.

The fluid was a low viscosity fluid based on diluted alcohol.
    49% alcohol
    49% distilled water
    1% triethanolamine phosphate  (surfactant)
    1% sodium mercaptobenzothiazole (stenching agent)

Characteristics
Brake fluids must have certain characteristics and meet certain quality standards for the braking system to work properly.

Viscosity
For reliable, consistent brake system operation, brake fluid must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of temperatures, including extreme cold. This is especially important in systems with an anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control, and stability control (ESP), as these systems often use micro-valves and require very rapid activation.  DOT 5.1 fluids are specified with low viscosity over a wide range of temperatures, although not all cars fitted with ABS or ESP specify DOT 5.1 brake fluid.
For a faster reaction of the ABS and ESP systems, DOT 4 and DOT 5.1 brake fluids exist with low viscosity meeting the maximum 750 /s viscosity at -40 °C°F requirement of ISO 4925 class 6. These are often named DOT 4+ or Super DOT 4 and DOT 5.1 ESP.

Boiling point
Brake fluid is subjected to very high temperatures, especially in the wheel cylinders of drum brakes and disk brake calipers. It must have a high boiling point to avoid vaporizing in the lines. This vaporization creates a problem because vapor is highly compressible relative to liquid, and therefore negates the hydraulic transfer of braking force - so the brakes will fail to stop the vehicle.

Quality standards refer to a brake fluid's "dry" and "wet" boiling points. The wet boiling point, which is usually much lower (although above most normal service temperatures), refers to the fluid's boiling point after absorbing a certain amount of moisture. This is several (single digit) percent, varying from formulation to formulation. Glycol-ether (DOT 3, 4, and 5.1) brake fluids are hygroscopic (water absorbing), which means they absorb moisture from the atmosphere under normal humidity levels.  Non-hygroscopic fluids (e.g. silicone/DOT 5 and mineral oil based formulations), are hydrophobic, and can maintain an acceptable boiling point over the fluid's service life.

Silicone based fluid is more compressible than glycol based fluid, leading to brakes with a spongy feeling. It can potentially suffer phase separation/water pooling and freezing/boiling in the system over time - the main reason single phase hygroscopic fluids are used.

Corrosion
Brake fluids must not corrode the metals used inside components such as calipers, wheel cylinders, master cylinders and ABS control valves. They must also protect against corrosion as moisture enters the system. Additives (corrosion inhibitors) are added to the base fluid to accomplish this. Silicone is less corrosive to paintwork unlike glycol-ether based DOT fluids.

The advantage of the Citroën LHM mineral oil based brake fluid is the absence of corrosion. Seals may wear out at high mileages but otherwise these systems have exceptional longevity. It cannot be used as a substitute without changing seals due to incompatibility with the rubber.

Compressibility
Brake fluids must maintain a low level of compressibility, even with varying temperatures to accommodate different environmental conditions. This is important to ensure consistent brake pedal feel. As compressibility increases, more brake pedal travel is necessary for the same amount of brake caliper piston force.

Service and maintenance

Glycol-ether (DOT 3, 4, and 5.1) brake fluids are hygroscopic (water absorbing), which means they absorb moisture from the atmosphere under normal humidity levels. Non-hygroscopic fluids (e.g. silicone/DOT 5 and mineral oil based formulations), are hydrophobic, and can maintain an acceptable boiling point over the fluid's service life. Ideally, silicone fluid should be used only to fill non-ABS systems that have not been previously filled with glycol based fluid. Any system that has used glycol-based fluid (DOT 3/4/5.1) will contain moisture; glycol fluid disperses the moisture throughout the system and contains corrosion inhibitors. Silicone fluid does not allow moisture to enter the system, but does not disperse any that is already there, either. A system filled from dry with silicone fluid does not require the fluid to be changed at intervals, only when the system has been disturbed for a component repair or renewal. The United States armed forces have standardised on silicone brake fluid since the 1990s. Silicone fluid is used extensively in cold climates, particularly in Russia and Finland.

Brake fluids with different DOT ratings can not always be mixed. DOT 5 should not be mixed with any of the others as mixing of glycol with silicone fluid may cause corrosion because of trapped moisture.  DOT 2 should not be mixed with any of the others.  DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5.1 are all based on glycol esters and can be mixed, although it is preferable to completely replace existing fluids with fresh to obtain the specified performance.

Brake fluid is toxic and can damage painted surfaces.

Components

Castor oil-based (pre-DOT, DOT 2)
 Castor oil
 Alcohol, usually butanol (red / crimson fluid) or ethanol (yellow fluid) (methanol)

Glycol-based (DOT 3, 4, 5.1)
 Alkyl ester
 Aliphatic amine
 Diethylene glycol
 Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
 Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether
 Dimethyl dipropylene glycol
 Polyethylene glycol monobutyl ether
 Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether
 Polyethylene oxide
 Triethylene glycol monobutyl ether
 Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether
 Triethylene glycol monomethyl ether

Silicone-based (DOT 5)
 Di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate
 Dimethyl polysiloxane
 Tributyl phosphate

See also
 Hydropneumatic
 Pascal's law
Brake fluid pressure sensor

References

External links
 Car care council
 How Stuff Works: What are the different types of brake fluid?
 StopTech: Brake Fluid 1A

Vehicle braking technologies
Automotive chemicals
Hydraulic fluids

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The term cloud has many definitions in a computing context these days. Some refer to the various social networks as a cloud which I think is overly broad. Perhaps the best definition is the simplest; "a group of interconnected nodes". A "cloud" of nodes is a design construct, not a deployment one. The number of nodes and their respective locations should have no impact on the terminology used.
So what are the roles of these nodes that make up clouds? Typically, a node plays the role of a server. They act when they are requested to act. Users of these clouds are actually outside the cloud. The servers within the cloud then act on behalf of these client requests.
So is it possible to have these outside clients join into the cloud in order to share some of these computational resources? It certainly is and that is what peer-to-peer computing is all about. In this distributed computing model, the client is them most prevalent role in the entire system. Forget about the managers that allow these clients to discover one another. The manager are necessary but the clients taking on more than just a simple dummy role is what is interesting. It allows scale within the cloud to spread like disease.


text:
NK Istra je nogometni klub iz Pule, koji igra u Prvoj županijskoj nogometnoj ligi.

Povijest

Nogometni klub Istra Pula osnovan je 1961. godine.

Istra se natjecala u 1. HNL od 1992. godine do 1997. godine te u sezoni 1999./2000., koja je ujedno bila i posljednja Istrina sezona u prvoj ligi. Najbolji plasman Istra je ostvarila u prvoj sezoni HNL, kad je sezonu završila na sedmom mjestu.

Svoje domaće utakmice trenutačno igra na stadionu Aldo Drosina u Puli. Klub nastupa u zeleno-žutim dresovima, bojama grada Pule.

Trenutačno se natječe u 1. ŽNL i služi kao poligon za mlade igrače prvoligaške Istre 1961.
Istra ima jedan od najjačih omladinskih pogona na Istarskom poluotoku.

Pregled plasmana po sezonama

Nastupi u završnicama kupa

Kup maršala Tita

1950.
 pretkolo: NK Gregoric Jesenice – NK Proleter Pula 4:0
1951.
 pretkolo: NK Pula – NK Odred Ljubljana 2:1 (prod.)
 šesnaestina završnice: NK Pula – NK Kvarner Rijeka 2:1
 osmina završnice: FK Partizan Beograd – NK Pula 7:0
1975./76.
 šesnaestina završnice: FK Priština – NK Istra 2:3
 osmina završnice: NK Istra – FK Famos 0:1
1976./77.
 šesnaestina završnice: NK Istra – FK Novi Sad 2:3
1978./79.
 šesnaestina završnice: NK Istra – Garnizon 16. jul Niš 2:1
 osmina završnice: NK Rijeka – NK Istra 0:0 (4:3 11 m)
1981./82.
 šesnaestina završnice: NK Istra – FK Vojvodina Novi Sad 1:3

Hrvatski nogometni kup
Najveća Istrina dostignuća u kupu bile su dvije osmine finala i to zahvaljujući momčadi koja se održala zbog rata i nemogućnosti prodaje u inozemstvo kroz sezone 1992./93. i 1993./94.

Poznati bivši igrači

Unutarnje poveznice

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica

Izvori
 istrapedia.hr, Nogometni klub Istra, objavljeno 12. studenog 2013., pristupljeno 10. kolovoza 2020.
 nogomet.lzmk.hr, "Nogometni leksikon", Istra, NK,, pristupljeno 10. kolovoza 2020.

Nogomet u Puli
Istra


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New American Funding is a mortgage refinance offering by New American Funding, a direct lender based in Tustin, CA. Founded in 2003, New American Funding offers mortgage refinancing to borrowers in 48 states across the USA (and Washington, DC).
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The term of a mortgage refinance will determine the cost of your monthly payments. Longer terms will typically reduce your monthly payments but it will also increase the interest you pay. New American Funding offers mortgages refinancing with terms ranging from 15 to 30 years.
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Does New American Funding charge a mortgage origination fee?
No, New American Funding does not charge a mortgage origination fee.
Does New American Funding charge prepayment fees?
No, New American Funding does not charge prepayment fees. This means you will not have to pay additional fees if you decide to repay the mortgage early.
What mortgage programs does New American Funding offer?
Conforming: Mortgages that meet the loan requirements of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. These have fixed rate terms of 10 to 30 years and adjustable rate terms ranging from 3 to 10 years. Down payments as low as 5%.
What property usage types does New American Funding allow?


text:
Q: HTML textarea doesn't recognize the "enter" key as newline in WebView I have this code that simply loads an HTML file to a JavaFX javafx.scene.web.WebView from resources:
import java.awt.Dimension;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.application.Platform;
import javafx.embed.swing.JFXPanel;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class Test extends Application {

    JFXPanel panel;
    JFrame frame;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        Platform.runLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                frame = new JFrame("Test");

                WebView v = new WebView();
                v.getEngine().load(getClass().getResource("htmlfile.html").toExternalForm());

                StackPane root = new StackPane();
                root.getChildren().add(v);
                Scene scene = new Scene(root);

                panel = new JFXPanel();
                panel.setScene(scene);
                panel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(641, 725));

                frame.setContentPane(panel);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setResizable(false);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });

    }

    /**
     * main method
     *
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

htmlfile.html is this:
<html>
    <head>
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    </head>

    <body>
        <textarea id="mytextarea"></textarea>
    </body>
</html>

Everything is displayed correctly, the only problem is that if i type something in the textarea displayed in the WebView it doesn't recognize the ENTER key as a newline character. So in fact what it happens is that when i press ENTER, the textarea does nothing. Now, if you try the HTML above in a browser (like chrome or firefox) it will work.
Why is this happening?
How can i solve it?

A: We had this exact same problem at my work in a Swing application using a JavaFX HTMLEditor (which internally uses a WebView).
This answer helped me workaround the problem. As the other answer saids, it's a known bug in JavaFX.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Making spending cuts can often be a difficult thing for many people to do. We become accustomed to living a certain lifestyle, but that doesn't always line up with the income coming through the door. If you find yourself living paycheck to paycheck, it may be a good idea to cut out unnecessary spending. IN order to get you started, here are a few areas to take a look at and examine where you can pull back from.
The first category to discuss is entertainment. Everyone spends money in this area and it's easy to overspend. If you're having fun, it's easier to justify spending the money. The only way to combat this is to take a hard look at your entertainment specific spending. It might come as a shock to actually see how much you're spending. Once you've identified problem areas, cut back on how often you're spending or set a firm budget. Holding yourself more accountable will save you a lot of money in the long term.
Eating out is typically an expensive spending habit. It may not seem like $10 a few times a week adds up, but it truly does. Packing lunches and eating in is something you can do to quickly cut spending and have extra room in your budget. Not to mention, eating in provides you with healthier choices, so your personal health will be positively impacted too!
When it comes to transportation, expenses can add up rather quickly. Every car you own has to be insured, paid off, maintained, and filled with gas. There are a couple things you can do in order to lower your spending in the transportation category. The first is keeping up with regular maintenance. This may sound counterproductive, but taking excellent care of your car is what prevents huge repair bills or the need to purchase a replacement.
If you own more than one vehicle, this is another area where you can cut spending. Two cars are more expensive than one for many reasons, but the largest is insurance. Getting rid of an extra vehicle can save you thousands in the long term.
Taking a close look at the subscriptions we opt into can be a huge help to spending cuts. Over time, small monthly payments to services like Spotify, Amazon, Hulu, and Netflix add up. Audit all your subscriptions and see which ones you actually make good use of. Did you watch one episode of a show on Netflix in the past month? If so, it might be worth dropping the service if you're not getting your money's worth.


The CCU is a highly trained and specialized task force charged with keeping the peace in the overcrowded, crime filled orbital supercity known as AEON. They often employ lethal tactics and weaponry.
Below are images of the three actors, as well as their arsenal.
V1.03 - Added UL2/VW support.
1. Go into your voidwanderers.rte directory.
2. Go into the Factions folder.
4. On any new line, insert "CCU.rte" without the quotes.
Cool, when I finish all my stuff, I'll see if I can try your mod.


I have an incredible load of links this week. In fact, there's so many in this post that I'm going to have to truncate it by making you click on the "read more" link (below). No, I'm not kidding. This week has delivered.
So, what are you waiting for? Click that puppy!


We are distinguished enterprise in the market and have acclaimed the position of the foremost SMPS manufacturers in Mumbai that offer a wide range of adapters suitable for use in wide-ranging appliances.
As leading SMPS manufacturers in Mumbai, our offered adapter is designed with accuracy using highest quality components and refined technology at our sound manufacturing unit.
Since we are the most sought-after SMPS manufacturers in Mumbai, we ensure the best features such as reliable performance, high efficiency and optimum functionality and very compact size. Along with that, the offered range of products can be availed at the most reasonable rates in the industry.


text:
Mate Couro é uma empresa brasileira fabricante de bebidas não alcoólicas.

História
Fundada em 1947, produz um refrigerante que mistura as ervas mate e chapéu-de-couro com a semente de guaraná. A indústria Mate Couro S/A está situada em Belo Horizonte, no estado brasileiro de Minas Gerais.

A empresa produz diversos sabores de refrigerantes, entre eles Mate Couro Guaraná, Mate Couro Limão, Mate Couro Laranja e Mate Couro Uva, além do Mate Couro Limão de baixa caloria e o Mate Couro de Abacaxi

Em parceria com a Royal Crown, a Mate Couro vem produzindo o mundialmente consumido refrigerante RC Cola desde Abril de 2008, porém somente produzindo para o mercado belo-horizontino.

Ligações externas
 Site da empresa

Refrigerantes do Brasil
Marcas do Brasil
Empresas fundadas em 1947
Engarrafadoras da Ice Cola
Erva-mate


text:
Colorado Springs crowdfunded card game to test friendships
Kailyn Lamb June 5, 2017 0
The company will send out 700 card games to backers this summer. (Friend or Faux)
Cards Against Humanity has a friendly rival on deck.
Four childhood friends from Colorado Springs have raised $26,750 on Kickstarter to launch Friend or Faux, a card game that tasks players to answer progressively raunchier questions, testing how well they know their buddies.
Its creators – University of Northern Colorado alums Chrissy Fagerholt, Jodi Sagastume, Colleen Stalwick and Melissa Derby – plan to use that money to ship their first 1,000 to 1,500 decks. Seven hundred games will go to Kickstarter backers and the rest will sell on the group's website for $25.
The group first developed the game over drinks more than two years ago while visiting Derby, who has since moved to Dallas. Friend or Faux has 250 cards, starting with G-rated questions about things like movie and music taste, and building up to questions about players' sex lives.
"Our game makes you laugh. It's got a risqué nature to it," Fagerholt said. "I'm almost 40, and our age group really enjoys it because they haven't thought about some of this stuff in so long."
Case in point – a question from the third round of the game: "If I had to spend a night with one of my exes, who would I choose?" Players get a point if they answer correctly and can call BS on answers they think are less than honest.
The four friends have formed a company, Easily Amused Productions, to market Friend or Faux. They printed the first version at Kinkos and developed several prototypes before pitching the game at a toy and game conference in Chicago in preparation for its Kickstarter debut.
Easily Amused is now pitching brick and mortar retailers. Another choice facing the startup is whether to license the game to companies like Hasbro (which produces games in exchange for a cut of profits) or self-publish it like Cards Against Humanity.
"This game is really hard to push in the sense that it's not like a strategy, battle, sci-fi game, which has a real following," Fagerholt said. "It's more of a party game that's based on humor and connection."
For now, the women are all keeping their day jobs. But the friends are already dreaming up their second deck: a family-friendly version of Friend or Faux.
POSTED IN News, Startups, Top News


Mama Grace was the name I was given as soon as I had my daughter, Grace. Kenyans told me that this is how I would now be known. Taking on her name seems apt now; she's where most of my focus goes. I'd left London for Nairobi to have our baby and we continue to roam back, forth and around. I paused my acting career; my stage name and became a new creator. So the focus has changed and as we travel acting opportunities are harder to access but creativity remains a must. I hope that my creativity will continue to bring happiness to my life and my families.
Bards for Babes was born by having fun with poetry, whilst doing daily tasks with my daughter. I don't know whom it helped more, her or me! Sometimes it would be a quick rhyme. I'd find her eyebrows were green, even though I'd given them a clean, the power of avocado. 'Oh dear, look at Grace, your face is a disgrace!' However, now there are all sorts of poems that we share and they brighten our day, whether I'm using them to stop her putting her hand in her own pooh or as a poem that helps her better understand an issue, they are ours and we love them.


AUSTIN, Tex. (WLS) -- The oldest living World War II veteran is turning 109 with a week of celebrations.
Richard Overton's birthday is next Monday, but his friends and family threw him a big bash this past weekend in Austin, Texas. More than 100 people showed up, including Mayor Steve Adler and the Austin Police's assistant chief.
"I feel happy that I've made it," Overton told ABC News. "I know I can't make another 109, so I'm satisfied with this one."
"That's what God only knows. That's God's work. He's the one who keeps me living," Overton said. Despite his old age, Overton smokes 12 cigars a day, and has been smoking since he was 18.
Overton doesn't have any children, but says he still has "the biggest family in Austin." He will attend a party with his church on Sunday.


TRMS View enables you to easily migrate what can often be millions of archived batch mainframe reports from a mainframe server to a more flexible and accesible distributed server for continued user access via web interface.
TRMS View allows you to organize and review your archived reports in a way that works for your company's needs. Retain access to essential reports that maintain your compliance with regulatory and audit retention requirements. Arrange, label and even search for specific reports that you need, to avoid spending hours sorting through reports that have been archived for years.
Facilitate a customized migration process from mainframe storage to a Windows server.
Set security levels for different users, allowing access to only the people who should be viewing reports.
Sort, find, and review the exact reports you need from anywhere, via a convenient Web UI. TRMS View's Restful UI can be accessed from desktop, tablets and smartphones, and doesn't require any Java plugins at all.
TRMS View uses Active Directory for log-on. This enables you to restrict or allow report access based on the Windows Domain User ID.
Create customized classifications for reports to make them easier to look through and identify. The convenient Web UI allows users to filter and sort through archives in order to find specific groups or reports more efficiently, whenever they're needed.


text:
Coffin Collection
Yves Coffin (1924-2016) was born at Crépy-en-Valois in northern France. While a student at the University of Lyons he became involved in the Resistance. He escaped from the Gestapo, but was interned in Spain. After his release, he joined the Free French Forces in Britain and served as a paratrooper. He first took up photography as a serious hobby in 1945, when he was stationed in Austria as an interpreter in the negotiations leading to the Vienna Convention.
Coffin joined the French Consular Service in 1947 and was posted to Berlin and later Canberra. From 1950 to 1970 he served in South East Asia, including Indonesia (Jakarta), Cambodia (Pnom Penh), Laos (Vientiane) and the Philippines (Manila). He was also consul at Kobe in Japan and Detroit in the United States. In 1960 he married the Indonesian novelist and short story writer Nh. Dini, but they were divorced in 1981. Coffin retired in 1980 and lived for many years at Nantes. He maintained his strong interest in photography and had a particular interest in architecture and art in Roman and Gothic churches. He died at Abbeville.
Coffin was a highly talented photographer who devoted much of his spare time to taking photographs of temples and art works in the countries to which he had been posted.
The Library purchased the photographs from Yves Coffin in a number of instalments between 1970 and 1976.
The Coffin Collection contains about 4700 photographs of ancient art, sculpture and archaeological sites in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. The photographs were taken by Coffin between about 1955 and 1972.
The largest group comprises about 3600 photographs taken in central and eastern Java and Bali. The Javanese works depict temples, sculptures and rock carvings dating from the eighth to the fifteenth centuries. They include views of the Buddhist temple complex at Borobudur, the Hindu temple complex at Prambanan, and the Candi Surawana, Kalasan, Mendut, Panataran and Sari temples, as well as photographs of sculptures, reliefs, friezes, ornaments, wall panels, entrances, doorways, niches and other features within the temples. There are also many photographs of sculptures held in the National Museum in Jakarta. There are a relatively small number of Balinese photographs, including the eleventh century tombs at Gunung Kawi, the cave at Goa Gadja and the temple of Pura Maospahit.
The Khmer photographs total nearly 1700 and depict monuments of the Khmer Empire which extended over Cambodia, Laos and southern Vietnam from the ninth to the fifteenth centuries. They include many photographs of the Khmer capital Angkor Thom, Angkor Wat, Baphuon, Banteay Srei, Phnom Bakheng, Ta Promh and other temples at Angkor, and temples such as Bakong, Prasat Banon, Beanteay Chmar, Phnom Bayon, Phnom Chisor, Muang Tam, Phimai and Phum Prasat. The subjects include gates, staircases, galleries, courtyards, doorways, lintels, pilaster decorations, reliefs, friezes, pediments and sculptures. There are also photographs of Khmer sculptures and figures in the national museums of Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand and the provincial museum at Kompong Thom.
The kingdom of Champa controlled the coastal regions of central and southern Vietnam from the eighth to the nineteenth centuries. The 300 Cham photographs in the Coffin Collection are of sculptures held in the Da Nang Municipal Museum and the National Museum of Vietnam in Saigon. They include pedestals, colonettes, reliefs, dancing figures, heads of deities, lions, garudas and elephants.
The final group consists of 102 photographs of Thai temples, sculptures, statues of Buddha and other figures. They include the ruined temples of Wat Phra Sri Mahathat at Lopburi, Wat Pra Si Sampet at Ayudhya, Wat Mahathat at Sukhothai and Wat Phra Singh at Chiang Mai.
The photographs are held in the Pictures Section at PIC/9192/1-63 LOC PIC Cab. 3178-3180
The photographs of Yves Coffin are kept together as a formed collection within the Pictures Collection. They have been catalogued as a collection and a relatively small number have been individually catalogued.
The Australian National University Library holds a collection of photographs of Khmer monuments donated by Yves Coffin (1 volume and 8 boxes).
Coffin, Yves, The beauty of the stones of Angkor, Hemisphere, vol. 20 (11), Nov. 1976, pp. 25-29
Coffin, Yves, Siva's temples at Gedong Sanga, Hemisphere, vol. 17 (7), July 1973, pp. 20-24


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You are here: Home / Articles / ACR Advocacy: 2020 Year in Review
ACR Advocacy: 2020 Year in Review
January 11, 2021 • By Blair Solow, MD
To say it has been an interesting (the science—and the memes!), tumultuous (the politics) and heartbreaking (the pandemic and social injustice) year is an understatement. There have been moments of grace and inspiration that I hope have kept everyone going. As we look to 2021, we take lessons from our experiences in 2020. Washington, D.C., is buzzing with a new president, new members in the House and Senate, a new Congress (117th) and more COVID-19 legislation negotiations.
ACR Convergence 2020: From Clinic to Capitol Hill Session Offers Insights into Advocacy, Regulatory Issues
Year in Review: The ACR/ARHP/RheumPAC's Advocacy Efforts in 2017
Advocacy During a Pandemic: An Update from the Government Affairs Committee
A colossal thank you to our Government Affairs Committee members, patient advocates, physicians and interprofessional team member advocates for taking advocacy virtual last year during a pandemic and making it a huge success. I am so grateful for the ACR staff and advocates for taking a leap of faith and jumping all in to virtual advocacy. There were 3,061 emails sent to Congress on rheumatology issues, 2,052,710 #Act4Arthritis impressions and 285 meetings with legislators and ACR/ARP volunteers and patients.
Our ACR advocacy team in D.C. (Lennie Shewmaker, JD, director of congressional affairs; Amanda Grimm Wiegrefe, MScHSRA, director of regulatory affairs; and Dan Redinger, manager of advocacy and policy affairs) and in our Atlanta office (Adam Cooper, senior director of government affairs, and Joseph Cantrell, JD, senior manager of state affairs) will continue their efforts on behalf of ACR/ARP members, along with Rachel Myslinski, vice president of practice, advocacy and quality, and the rest of her team.
Add "make a RheumPAC investment" to your to-do list as a new year's resolution! These funds allow for nonpartisan meetings with lawmakers working on issues that impact rheumatology.
2021 Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule
The win: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) finalized the 2021 Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule, with rheumatologists seeing an estimated boost in reimbursement of approximately 14-15%, to start in 2021. This was the second largest increase among all medical specialties.
Context: Each year, the CMS releases rules on physician reimbursement. They use recommendations from the American Medical Association's Relative Value Scale Update Committee to guide decisions on how to pay physicians from a single pot of money. The CMS valued certain Current Procedural Terminology codes higher, including those often used by some subspecialties, and modified documentation requirements to reduce administrative burdens. In this zero-sum game, other specialties were not so fortunate, with losses in surgery, radiology and physical therapy. Given the pandemic and all practices struggling, recent COVID-19 legislation balanced the cuts some providers may see by adding $3 billion in new money, to increase Medicare Fee Schedule payments across the board by 3.75% in CY 2021.
How you can help: Watch for call-to-action alerts for sending letters to CMS to support the complex add-on code and maintain valuation of cognitive specialties.
The win: The Pediatric Subspecialty Loan Repayment Programs (PSLRP) was authorized by the CARES Act legislation; however, it is not yet funded. The Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act (HR 1763/S. 348) made progress, with 240 cosponsors.
Context: Pediatric rheumatology fellowship slots are filled around 50% of the time, while adult rheumatology fellowship slots must turn away applicants. The final COVID package of 2020 repealed the cap on Medicare support for graduate medical education (GME) instituted by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 and added 1,000 new Medicare-funded GME full-time equivalent residency positions, beginning in fiscal year 2023. The PSLRP legislation addresses the pediatric workforce shortage by providing funds for loan forgiveness when certain metrics are met.
How you can help: Watch for calls for sending letters to Congress encouraging support of these policies.
Telehealth: Parity & Access
The win: The CMS and commercial insurance companies increased reimbursement for telehealth visits to match those of in-person visits during the public health emergency (PHE). Many states followed suit and increased telehealth reimbursement in Medicaid and some state-regulated health plans.
Context: Prior to 2020, telehealth was a novelty practiced by few providers. As in-person visits plummeted during the PHE, providers quickly learned and implemented procedures to treat patients virtually. Prior to the pandemic, reimbursements were quite low for telehealth, despite acuity and providers' cognitive efforts. The CMS, followed by commercial insurers, increased the reimbursement for telehealth to match in-person visits for audio-visual and, later, audio-only visits. The CMS recognizes that telehealth is here to stay when this PHE is over. They have begun to add additional services to the list of covered services for telehealth for post-pandemic treatment.
How you can help: Watch for calls to action for sending letters to Congress or the administration to continue to expand telehealth flexibilities and ensure appropriate reimbursement. Also, watch for state action alerts to send letters to state legislators and executive office officials.
Utilization Management & Reimbursement: Step Therapy, Prior Authorization & DXA Scans
The wins: For step therapy, H.R. 2279 has 157 bipartisan co-sponsors and the companion Senate bill, S. 2546, has 18 bipartisan co-sponsors. For prior authorization, H.R. 3107 has 280 bipartisan co-sponsors. For DXA reimbursement, H.R. 2693 and the companion bill S. 283 have bipartisan support.
Context: Step therapy is a burden for providers and patients. This legislation requires Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) health plans to allow for reasonable overrides for physicians to be able to use certain medications. The prior authorization legislation will protect patients in Medicare Advantage plans that delay or deny access to care. It also supports reporting back to the CMS how often Medicare Advantage plans approve or deny medications and services. Funding for DXA reimbursement is at an all-time low. This legislation will set a $98 floor for DXA reimbursement.
How you can help: With the 117th Congress, all bills will need re-introduction in 2021. Send a letter to Congress showing your support. Also, watch for calls to action to send letters to state legislators if you live in a state that has not passed step therapy reform.
As we look ahead in 2021, the ACR government affairs team will be tackling several issues:
Advocating for support for patients and providers during the remainder of the pandemic and monitoring any legislation and regulations that could affect provider and practice solvency;
Protecting rheumatology evaluation and management payment increases;
Engaging on policies related to telemedicine;
Advancing legislation and regulations in the areas of:
Prior authorization and other utilization management issues;
Workforce;
Telemedicine expansion and appropriate reimbursement; and
NIH/DOD funding for rheumatology research;
Engaging on drug pricing proposed policies and pilot programs and defending patient access to treatment;
Addressing issues such as DXA and musculoskeletal ultrasound reimbursement; and
Monitoring implementation of the new requirements related to surprise billing, including the rollout of the independent dispute resolution program through which payers and providers will negotiate reimbursement.
Thank you for your time, efforts, enthusiasm and perseverance. I look forward to an ongoing conversation about how advocacy and health policy affect you and your patients and how you can help. Join us for an advocacy event, we would love to see you!
Wishing you and yours a Happy (and safe) New Year!
Blair Solow is chair of the ACR Government Affairs Committee and an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Rheumatic Diseases at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
Filed Under: American College of Rheumatology, Legislation & Advocacy Tagged With: Blair Solow, Government Affairs Committee (GAC), legislation and advocacy
Year in Review: The Impact of Advocacy & RheumPAC in 2018


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Home / Events / Australian Criminal Legal Scholarship – Past, Present and Future
Australian Criminal Legal Scholarship – Past, Present and Future – Law School: Events Australian Criminal Legal Scholarship – Past, Present and Future – Law School: Events
Australian Criminal Legal Scholarship – Past, Present and Future
Online event:
Thursday 29 July 2021, 12.30pm-2.00pm
Join us for a panel discussion between four scholars on criminal law scholarship, including the background, work and influence of pioneering scholars in Australia's recent legal history.
From the early philosophical and psychological work of eminent criminal law scholar Professor Peter Brett, to the first criminal law textbooks in the mid-20th century, and to the work of emerged and emerging scholars of today, this discussion will cover significant ground and provide some fascinating insights into where our criminal law traditions come from and where they might go in the decades ahead.
Questions will be taken from audience members.
The Sydney Institute of Criminology welcomes Dr Susan Bartie of University of Tasmania, who is a legal historian. Dr Bartie is the author of the book Free Hands and Minds: Pioneering Australian Legal Scholars which examines the lives and work of three Australians on the margins who became legal academics and profoundly shaped legal education and scholarship in the 20th century and beyond.
Dr Bartie will be in discussion with Professor Simon Bronitt, Dean of Sydney Law School and a leading Australian criminal law scholar, and Professor Arlie Loughnan of the University of Sydney. As part of her book on criminal responsibility Self, Others and the State: Relations of Criminal Responsibility, Professor Loughnan examined the first Australian criminal law textbooks published from the 1940s to 1960s.
Mr Josh Pallas, University of Sydney PhD candidate and researcher in post-sentence detention and supervision regimes for ex-prisoners, will provide a response to the discussion. Co-Director of the Sydney Institute of Criminology Co-Director and Colin Phegan Senior Lecturer, Dr Andrew Dyer, will chair the event.
Each of the panellists offer a unique vantage point for the landscape of criminal law scholarship. This event will be of interest to anyone who studies criminal law, criminology, or Australian legal scholarship, or who is pursuing a career in legal academia.
Panellists
Dr Susan Bartie, University of Tasmania
Professor Simon Bronitt, Dean of Sydney Law School
Professor Arlie Loughnan, Sydney Law School
Mr Josh Pallas, University of Sydney PhD candidate
Dr Andrew Dyer, Sydney Law School
Register here to attend here
This event is hosted by the Sydney Institute of Criminology at The University of Sydney Law School.
Tags: 2021, Sydney Institute of Criminology
Criminology events


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Ellie Goulding – 'On My Mind'
Posted by Michael Cragg on March 10, 2017 March 10, 2017
A guest blog written by Rory Boyle. You can agree/disagree with him here.
Song: 'On My Mind'
US Chart Peak: 13
Writers: Max Martin, Ellie Goulding, Savan Kotecha, Ilay Salmanzadeh
Producers: Max Martin, Ilay Salmanzadeh
Quintessential Max moment: That chorus curveball
Video Synopsis: A pensive Ellie takes her new lips to Vegas, where she and a mate go on a murderous horse ride
When Ellie released 'Love Me Like You Do' – her first Max collab – in January 2015, it became her biggest worldwide hit and felt like the first major step in Ellie's climb up the ladder to pop superstardom. Then her label fucked everything up by waiting EIGHT MONTHS to release 'On My Mind'.
Ellie's third album 'Delirium' was seen as her shot at a big pop 'moment', and while striking while the iron was hot might not have been her strong suit, 'On My Mind''s lyrical content was sure to inspire countless wet dreams for the Heat Magazine staff. Largely regarded as an answer song to Ed Sheeran's monotone whinge-fest 'Don't', Ellie has constantly denied being the Frankee to his Eamon, instead stating the song isn't about anyone in particular, but a throwback to her MySpace days of explicit and honest songwriting.
As for the music itself, 'On My Mind' manages to fuse electronic pop, trap drums and both smooth and scratchy guitars while bringing Ellie's signature breathy vibrato vocals to the fore – something that seemed to get lost on certain 'Delirium' tracks. Max's subtle yet seamless talents are further highlighted in three key moments in this song's three minutes and thirty three seconds:
Following a running theme in many of Max's songs, just when you've got the seemingly simple chorus figured out, along comes a curveball in the form of the incessant "you think you know somebody" hook which, despite its repetition, never loses its impact
The brief, a cappella "WAIT! I could've really liked you" which is sure to grab the attention of even the most cynical Sheeran sympathiser
The outro, which basically consists of Ellie making various noises cumulating in what sounds like one final breath of relief
Perhaps the song's complexities are best exhibited in Ellie's performance with her live band on The Tonight Show, which shows just how much there is going on here. Yet another Max Martin song bursting with his intricate ideas, yet somehow manages to feel like a quintessential Ellie Goulding song. What a genius.
If you'd like to write a guest blog on a Max Martin song that didn't make the US Top 10 then there's information on how to do that right here.
Previous Post Adam Lambert – 'Ghost Town'
Next Post Britney Spears – 'Inside Out'


Johakyu is a term originating in Noh Theatre. In theatre, music, and literature, johakyu encapsulates the idea, in simplest terms, of a beginning, middle and end.
When combined with the basic idea of 'beginning, middle, end', it provides a sense of tension or stress beginning and building to a moment when the tension breaks into action, the resolution of which brings us to the end.
The structure of Jo-ha-kyū is derived from this trajectory, with the whole piece building throughout, rather than a more traditional arc shape.
The term 'Netori' can mean a warm-up, or a tune-up, and functions as a prelude, introducing snippets of material which will be heard later in some form.