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José Miguel Sagastibelza Barberia (Leiza, Navarra, 1789 - San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, 5 de mayo de 1836) fue un militar carlista. Nacido en el viejo pueblo de Pastain al igual que su padre Blas y su abuelo Agustín. Antes de la Primera Guerra Carlista fue boticario en Ituren durante algunos años. Al parecer, era de origen gitano.

Organizó y dirigió el tercer batallón de Navarra, y fue uno de los primeros que reconoció al Rey Carlos V. (1833). Un año después, se convirtió en coronel y después de la victoria de Larrainzar, en brigadier. Finalmente, se convirtió en Comandante en Guipúzcoa. Fue asesinado cuando se suponía que iba a lograr una victoria contra el británico Lacy Evans en San Sebastián, en la Batalla de Lugariz el 5 de mayo de 1836. Al día siguiente se sepultaron en la iglesia de Leiza.

Sagastibeltza en la literatura
Así describió Caho al líder de Leiza en el libro Voyage en Navarre pendant l'insurrection des basques (1836):en 1837, Victor Hugo el escritor francés utilizó el apellido de Sagastibeltza para un poema, eso sí, alterandolo un poco: Este poema no tenía relación directa con Sagastibeltza, con el País Vasco o con la Primera Guerra Carlista, puesto que narra una historia de amor. En cualquier caso, tuvo un gran éxito: En 1844 Franz Liszt, el compositor húngaro le puso música y en 1847, hizo una nueva versión, solamente para piano. En 1955 de nuevo el cantautor francés Georges Brassens haría otra versión.

Pío Baroja le nombró en el libro La nave de los locos (1925):Según se vé, el dirigente Carlista debía ser alguien conocido en aquella época para que Baroja le nombrara.

En la literatura vasca también se le menciona:

Referencias

Carlistas de Navarra
Militares de la Primera Guerra Carlista leales al infante Carlos
Carlistas muertos en campaña
Fallecidos en San Sebastián
Nacidos en Leiza

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What is natural resources conservation?
The natural resources conservation major is a good choice for those who like the environment and working with people. You'll get to help protect the environment while educating others and getting them excited about nature as well. This major addresses scientific environmental concerns while also focusing on the social and human elements of ecosystem management. In a sense, it is a blend of life sciences and social sciences. You'll graduate with a sense of stewardship and land-use ethics, prepared to take an active role in finding new and better ways to conserve, use, and sustain the world's vital natural resources and places.
Conservation and recreation management — Trees in the built environment, recreation planning and management, environmental science, human dimensions, planning and policy, tourism, business, geography, and written communications.
Environmental education — Outdoor recreation management, geosciences, environmental science, environmental ethics, chemistry, children's literature, history, human development, and astronomy.
Through Virginia Tech service-learning opportunities, you can travel abroad and help local communities in countries like the Dominican Republic and Peru.
Why study natural resources conservation at Virginia Tech?
For both options within the major, students acquire a strong background in core courses in the areas of forest science, geospatial analysis, environmental economics, policy, and oral communications.
A study abroad trip can take you to Panama as part of the Issues in Sustainability and Natural Resource Management course, where you'll learn about natural resource management and conservation issues, the impact of climate change on tropical environments and culture, and local, regional, and international impacts of tropical deforestation.
Service-learning opportunities are available to sites like Australia and New Zealand, where students learn about ecological restoration and resource conservation, and then assist local community groups with long-term projects.
Minors are available and encouraged in forestry, urban and community forestry, recreation, and watershed management. The addition of a minor will give you in-depth expertise in one of these fields so you can pursue a passion and stand out in the job market.
Student clubs and organizations such as the Forestry Club and the Wildland Fire Crew provide an opportunity to connect with others with similar interests and get involved on campus and in the community.
What can I do with a degree in natural resources conservation?
Graduates in natural resources conservation may enter the job market or pursue a graduate degree in the field. Career possibilities are listed below, and potential employers include the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, state and local parks, nature centers, and museums.
Biological science technician/wildlife technician — Carries out the practical tasks and procedures essential to completing plans and projects such as managing habitats, conducting surveys or experiments, and computing and recording data.
Geographic information system (GIS) programmer/computer mapping specialist — Uses computer technology to assist in managing wildlife and other natural resources.
Nature camp manager — Manages all the maintenance and administrative aspects of running a camp.
Nature guide/tourism operator — Specializes in a particular field or geographic area and has an-in-depth knowledge about local flora, fauna, culture, activities, etc. that is shared with others who wish to learn.
Park ranger — Protects all aspects of our national, state, and local parks, and protects and educates the people who visit them.
Wildlife/environmental consultant — Provides services and advice to companies, agencies, and individuals on how to manage natural resources for various uses.


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UNITED FOR BUSINESS: New packages launched for 2019/20 campaign
Gold and Platinum packages available
@officialcufc
Our popular networking group has been rejuvenated for the 2019/20 season, providing more exposure and opportunities for members with two fantastic new packages available.
Now in its sixth season, our vibrant business network is looking to expand its reach with activities planned both on and off-site, and a range of additional benefits with our brand new Platinum and Gold level membership packages.
United for Business Platinum - £1,000
+ Match Day boardroom experience for two people for two games of your choice, including pre & post-match hospitality
+ Access to Manager or Director of Football for one of your company's hospitality events
+ Season Ticket in B or C stand
+ Three match day events (with food included)
+ Table for four in Foxy's Restaurant (match day)
+ Four complimentary tickets for guests or staff to league game of your choice
+ Three networking events at locations TBA, with CUFC officials in attendance
+ First networking event Carlisle Airport – June 2019
+ Guest speaker to flagship event in Foxy's
+ UFB Christmas Event
+ UFB & CUFC official brochure
+ 15% off match day sponsorship
+ 10% off advertising boards
United for Business Gold - £750
+ Table for 4 in Foxy's Restaurant (match day)
+ Four complimentary tickets for guests or staff to a league game of your choice
+ First networking event at Carlisle Airport – June 2019
Speaking at the relaunch of United for Business in the Sunset Suite on Friday evening, Kevin Dobinson said: "We're looking to make United for Business even stronger this season and I can tell you that, as a club, we are committed to making that happen.
"Everything we do with United for Business going forward will be led by myself and Nigel [Clibbens], so there will always be a point of contact and somebody our members can talk to as we go through the season.
"This scheme gives us all a fantastic opportunity to nurture existing links, build new ones and tap into advice and knowledge which is of benefit to everyone. As a club, we're hoping it opens the gateway to future sponsorships and partnerships which, again, will work both ways as we help Carlisle United and its partners grow together.
"The really good thing about United for Business is that we are all like-minded people. We all want the club to be successful, and that's a great platform for us to build from."
Director of football David Holdsworth said: "What I've seen since I came on board at the club is that we have a city full of good people.
"Some have become disassociated, and that's for a number of reasons. It's important that we are now proactive as we look to fix that. We want businesses and companies to feel confident about coming back to work with the club and we want our fans to know we're doing everything we can to give them something they can be proud of.
"We know we have a lot of hard work ahead, both on and off the pitch, but we aren't scared of it. We're going to embrace it, and we're looking forward to working closely with the local business community and our supporters to make more good things happen."
First team manager Steven Pressley said: "At clubs like ours we are hugely reliant on all income streams, and I thank you all for the support you give us. It's vital to us that we maintain these relationships going forward.
"As the club's manager it is my responsibility to maximise every resource and every penny, and my belief is that we haven't quite done that so far. I really do think that's an area we can improve. One thing I can assure you is that I spend what I'm given very carefully, so when you work with us going forward you know you'll be getting value for money.
"With that in mind we're already planning for next season. There are many things we'll move forward and change, because we need to create a culture within this club that makes it a club we can all be proud of.
"We're going to change the training environment so that the players know they're coming here to work. They'll be encouraged to stay longer so that they aren't showering after training and immediately getting into cars to drive home. That will include getting them used to training on Monday mornings, with gym sessions and extra session in the afternoons going through the week, so that they're as fit as they can possibly be.
"We want everybody connected with the club to know that those inside it are putting everything they can into making it as successful as it can be. I can't guarantee wins every week, but I can guarantee that the team will be prepared, focused, fit and ready.
"I'm looking forward to working with you all next season. Thank you."
If you are interested in United for Business membership, or would like further information, please contact Jenny Anderson in our commercial department on 01228 554 155.
Alternatively you can email commercial@carlisleunited.co.uk
UNITED FOR BUSINESS: Match official insight an enjoyable event
Our United for Business members received a fascinating insight into the complex world of refereeing when they welcomed Dave Allison as their guest speaker ahead of the Exeter City home game.
UNITED FOR BUSINESS: Businesses summoned to face the ref!
Our Exeter City home game match sponsors - United for Business - are welcoming the EFL's Professional Referee supremo Dave Allison as their special guest on Saturday.
BUSINESS CLUB: London trip a success
Business Club London trip a success
BUSINESS CLUB: Schedule of events for the 2017/18 season
Our Business Club schedule of events for the 2017/18 season is as follows:
COMMERCIAL: Join us in Foxy's ahead of the FA Cup replay
Join us in Foxy's Restaurant on Wednesday 15 January ahead of our Emirates FA Cup third round replay against Cardiff City.
COMMERCIAL: Spaces filling up quickly for the second half of the season
Hospitality packages in our Foxy's Restaurant, executive boxes and lounges are already filling up fast for the second half of the season.
BLUES STORE: Festive discounts with our 12 days of Christmas!
Our Blues Store on Warwick Road would like to reward loyal customers and celebrate the removal of the roadworks by offering various extra discounts across their 12 days of Christmas.
BLUES STORE: Black Friday event extended due to popular demand
We are delighted to announce that our Black Friday sale event was extremely popular over the weekend - so we've extended it until 3pm on Sunday 15 December!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Category: Bob Marley
An army of robot baristas could mean the end of Starbucks as we know it
On October 20, 2013 By A.P.In Amazon, barista, Bob Marley, Briggo, Charles Studor, Christopher Mims, coffee, coffee kiosk, Illy coffee, Joe Menichiello, Julian Baggini, Kebmodee, Kevin Nater, Linda Mills, Mark Romano, Marley Coffee, Melanie Kaplan, Nespresso, Patrick Pierce, robot barista, Starbucks, The Future, Tim Kern, University of Texas at Austin, Yves BeharLeave a comment
By Christopher Mims — October 17, 2013
Starbucks' 95,000 baristas have a competitor. It doesn't need sleep. It's precise in a way that a human could never be. It requires no training. It can't quit. It has memorized every one of its customers' orders. There's never a line for its perfectly turned-out drinks.
It doesn't require health insurance.
Don't think of it as the enemy of baristas, insists Kevin Nater, CEO of the company that has produced this technological marvel. Think of it as an instrument people can use to create their ideal coffee experience. Think of it as a cure for "out-of-home coffee drinkers"—Nater's phrase—sick of an "inconsistent experience."
Think of it as the future. Think of it as empowerment. Your coffee, your way, flawlessly, every time, no judgments. Four pumps of sugar-free vanilla syrup in a 16 oz. half-caff soy latte? Here it is, delivered to you precisely when your smartphone app said it would arrive, hot and fresh and indistinguishable from the last one you ordered.
In a common area at the University of Texas at Austin, the Briggo coffee kiosk, covered in fake wood paneling and a touch screen and not much else, takes up about as much space as a pair of phone booths. Its external appearance was designed by award-winning industrial designer Yves Behar, with the intention that it radiate authenticity and what Briggo says is its commitment to making coffee that is the equal of what comes out of any high-end coffee shop.
The kiosk at the university is the second version, the one that will be rolling out across the country in locations that are still secret. It needs just 50 square feet (4.6 sq m) of floor space, and it can be dropped anywhere—an airport, a hospital, a company campus, a cafe with tables and chairs and WiFi just like Starbucks. It's manufactured in Austin.
Inside, protected by stainless steel walls and a thicket of patents, there is a secret, proprietary viscera of pipes, storage vessels, heating instruments, robot arms and 250 or so sensors that together do everything a human barista would do if only she had something like perfect self-knowledge. "How is my milk steamer performing? Am I a half-degree off in my brewing temperature? Is my water pressure consistent? Is there any residue buildup on my brewing chamber that might require me to switch to a backup system?"
The Briggo coffee kiosk knows how to make a perfect coffee because it was "trained" by an award-winning barista, Patrick Pierce. He's since left the company, but no matter: as in the techno-utopian Singularity, whose adherents believe that some day we will all upload our brains to computers, once a barista's essence has been captured by Briggo, his human form is just a legacy system.
Besides, baristas, especially the ones at America's favorite "high end" coffee shop, don't often stick around long enough to become as good as Pierce. Turnover at Starbucks, which is typical of all demanding retail environments, leads to what Nater calls "variation," and not the kind that's exciting—the kind that coffee connoisseurs frown upon, because it means coffee isn't being extracted from beans in the optimal way.
"What we've created is in essence a small food factory that absolutely replicates what a champion barista does," says Nater. Briggo roasts its own beans—sourced by a pair of coffee supply veterans who between them spent a combined 40 years at Starbucks. "We have calibrated this machine to pull espresso shots to the same specification as an Illy or a Stumptown or an Intelligentsia. We've just done it without the human element."
Ever stood in line at a Starbucks or some other cafe and wondered why, in the year 2013, you can't just send in your order 10 minutes early via an app on your phone, and pick it up as soon as you walk in? Briggo has such an app. It asks you to log in, so it can memorize your order and payment information, which enables one-click coffee ordering. Or you can order a coffee for a friend. And use the app to check out how long the wait is for a drink. Fifteen minutes? Just complete your order now, while you're walking across campus—it will be ready by the time you arrive. Hit another button to announce on Facebook that you'll be at the Briggo kiosk by 9:30, and hey, who wants to meet up?
"What we find at [the University of Texas] is that we have a younger generation of consumers who have no inhibition about ordering remotely and having self service," says Nater. "Coffee shops are a great social interaction point, but so is social media."
Had a great experience at Briggo? Why not tweet that? Invented a new combination of syrups and brew temperatures and other elements that yields the perfect drink? Tweet that, too. Briggo will make you an espresso, a latte, even an iced coffee made with a cold-brew process, something even many coffee shops don't offer because it's time consuming to produce. Not a coffee drinker? How about a chai latte, an ice chai latte, hot chocolate, or milk steamer?
In 2012, Julian Baggini, a British philosophy writer and coffee aficionado, wondered why dozens of Europe's Michelin-starred restaurants were serving guests coffee that came out of vacuum-sealed plastic capsules manufactured by Nespresso. So he conducted a taste test on a small group of experts. A barista using the best, freshly-roasted beans went head to head with a Nespresso capsule coffee brewing machine. It's the tale of John Henry all over again, only now it was a question of skill and grace rather than brute strength.
As the chefs at countless restaurants could have predicted, the Nespresso beat the barista.
Capsule coffee systems make consistent only two steps in the coffee-making process, but they're the most important ones: Roasting and brewing. Beans roasted in a factory don't change from the moment they're vacuum-sealed into a capsule, because oxygen is the agent that causes food to go stale. (By contrast, beans roasted "fresh" are oxidizing continuously, until they're brewed.) And the coffee-brewing process is complicated enough that achieving its most perfect expression requires a machine free from human interference.
"With a pre-dose capsule, it's always the right grind," says Mark Romano, a senior director at Illy coffee, which makes its own line of capsule coffee systems. "And with a self-contained extraction chamber, you can consistently get to 80-90 [out of a quality scale of 100]."
Capsule brewing systems can now control more variables in the brewing process—the relevant ones being temperature, pressure, and the way in which water reaches the ground beans—than even the best machine at an average Starbucks, says Romano.
"In any system you work with, the biggest risk you have to quality is the residual coffee oils that become oxidized, rancid and stale. They are conveying flavors into the next cup," says Romano. Cleaning these machines properly is hard, and may just replace the problem of residual coffee oils with the problem of residual cleaning products. A capsule system, being disposable, is immune to these problems. It also, claims Illy in its promotional literature, "ensures a complete saturation of all the particles in the capsule," something traditional brewing systems have trouble achieving.
I ask Romano whether Starbucks would be better off serving its customers coffee brewed from capsules. "I think in many cases they would. Perhaps a large percent of their locations should be using capsules." Romano also notes that while Illy still employs "baristi" in many of its 240 cafes in Europe, there are only eight Illy cafes in North America, mostly because it's impossible to find baristi who have been trained to the company's exacting standards.
I also asked Starbucks if it would ever increase the amount of automation it already uses in its stores. Linda Mills, a spokesperson for the company, would say only that it wouldn't move in this direction because an automated barista would "diminish what we offer every day."
What she means, presumably, is the experience of being served by a human being. But is that enough?
Briggo's leaders assert that they are "fanatical" about coffee, and that automation is primarily an enabler that will, as Nater puts it, "allow us to get large fast." Their recent hire of Starbucks vets who have backgrounds in sourcing, blending and inventing new and seasonal drinks is, they say, about making something that is the equal of any other "third-wave" coffee shop like Starbucks or Stumptown.
Generally automation in food service has meant first standardizing the foods to be prepared, which means robbing them of their individual character. Currently, Briggo sells only a single blend of beans from three countries. But there's nothing stopping the kiosk from dispensing single-origin coffees and adjusting its every parameter to accommodate a new crop of beans, says Nater.
The Briggo coffeebot "can measure humidity and shock time and can automatically adjust the grind of the bean to compensate," he says. "We have visibility with that bean. We track every single shot of espresso. We know if it's within our quality spec, and we fully control the whole supply chain. We can go well beyond what a high-attrition part-time employee can do."
Briggo doesn't have to be better than the best baristas in the world. It just has to be better than the nearest coffee shop. Think of this not as the epic chess showdown between Garry Kasparov and the IBM computer Deep Blue; think of Briggo, rather, as the Redbox video kiosk to Starbucks' Blockbuster.
Still, there are limits to the Redbox/Blockbuster analogy. Blockbuster went into decline because it couldn't offer anything that wasn't offered by video kiosks or, more importantly, online-streaming services like Netflix. But as Romano of Illy points out, a coffee vending machine can't reproduce the experience of a coffee shop. "Coffee is something social—do you really want to replace the social value of [your barista]?" he asks. And indeed, Nater told Melanie Kaplan of Smartplanet, "We're not asking people to stop going to coffee shops."
But Briggo is hoping to at least displace Starbucks somewhat. Tim Kern, a 22-year veteran of Starbucks who joined Briggo in July, observes that some of the places where the company is scouting locations, like public areas in corporate campuses, are the sort where people might get both their social and their caffeine fix rather than trek to a nearby coffee shop. It's not unlike the disruption of the PC industry by tablets and smartphones: these mobile devices haven't replaced the PC, but they certainly reduce the number of occasions when you need one.
For now, a direct replacement for Starbucks—imagine a cafe with a host but no baristas—is not in Briggo's business plan, though the company's leaders have discussed it in the past, says Kern. (Romano is skeptical of such ideas: "We could go back to the 50′s, where you could go into the Automat, where you'd have those machines where you could get whatever you wanted, but what is the real value of that experience?" he asks.) The near-term plans are to move into places with bad coffee—think universities, hospitals, airports and corporate cafeterias—and improve the offerings. "With just 50 square feet we can create a barista-quality experience in a location where a coffee shop can't have the economics to operate," says Nater.
Barista robots are barely even a thing yet, and already the space is getting crowded. One company aiming for the lower end of the market is Marley Coffee, which in partnership with vending machine manufacturer AVT has developed "an Android-based coffee kiosk that comes with a full touchscreen automated checkout system," says Joe Menichiello, vice president of sales and marketing at AVT.
One model sports a gigantic, 48-inch (122 cm) touchscreen. "You press the type of coffee you want, and specify how much sugar you want, and you swipe your card, and while it's being ground and brewed for you, it's playing Bob Marley music," says Menichiello. Yes, Marley coffee is named for that Marley. "Bob Marley is one of the top 10 most recognized names in the world," says Menichiello. "From a branding standpoint it's a no-brainer for us."
AVT's system isn't nearly as sophisticated as Briggo's—there is, for example, no expertly foamed, market-fresh milk here, just the powdered kind—but still, says Menichiello, "we're grinding the beans individually for each and every customer. Ours will have that crema [the oils from coffee beans] on top that coffee won't have unless it's just been ground." This, he says, "makes it almost better than at any brick-and-mortar coffee shop."
The parts that go into a Marley Coffee kiosk are at this point standard enough that AVT expects to have plenty of competition. "Coffee is coffee and there are a lot of companies that follow the same model as us," says Menichiello. "When we were at NAMA—the big vending convention in Las Vegas—I was looking around and there were a lot of machines where you could press a button and they'd do the bean to cup thing where it's ground fresh for every customer."
Indeed, one of AVT's competitors is Starbucks itself. It already has a deal with Redbox to put coffee kiosks everywhere there's currently a Redbox DVD rental kiosk, under the Seattle's Best brand that Starbucks owns. These systems are actually built by Coinstar, which owns Redbox, and the machines go by the trade name Rubi.
But there are nonetheless different niches within the market. Starbucks' kiosks tend to be aimed at convenience stores and supermarkets. Briggo is going after a higher-end customer. Marley Coffee sits somewhere in the middle, and is putting its systems into airports (where Briggo also has ambitions) and university bookstores.
There are two ways for an upstart to disrupt an incumbent like Starbucks: One is to deliver a better experience, which Briggo's leaders believe they can do through a combination of convenience and technological whiz-bang, and the other is to compete on price. A cup of organic coffee from the Briggo kiosk is $1.40, while a cup of drip (non-organic) coffee at Starbucks is $1.85 in many locations. The difference in price reflects, in part, the difference in the expense structure of the two approaches: Briggo doesn't have to deal with the overhead of all that human labor, and at present it also doesn't have to think about the cost of renting all that retail space.
Briggo has raised "in excess of $11 million," says Nater, and while it has only "about 20 employees," it has managed to stack its executive suite with with people who have deep experience in building and running technology companies that scale. Briggo founder Charles Studor was formerly the head of the billion-dollar integrated circuit division at Motorola/Freescale. The CIO, John Craparo, was formerly the CIO of GE Capital and Dell Financial Services. Briggo's VP of engineering spent 25 years leading manufacturing projects at Johnson & Johnson. The Briggo kiosk is designed in collaboration with Deaton Engineering, which has created everything from battle-hardened PCs for the Air Force to industrial waste-bailing systems.
"Our aspirations are to build a global business," says Nater. "We've had interest from the Middle East, North America and Asia. We think this model works very well in Asia where a mobile platform and automated experience has been adopted heavily."
Two big unknowns loom over Briggo and anyone else trying to follow its lead. The first is whether or not people will, at least some of the time, accept a coffee kiosk as a substitute for a coffee shop, even if the product is the same or better. And the second is whether Briggo's high-end machines can deliver a cup of coffee so much better that cheaper competitors like Marley and Seattle's Best can't crowd them out.
But it's still early days. Starbucks itself was an example of how an evolving company can take a winding path toward finding its perfect market fit, says Kern. When Kern started at Starbucks, the company was still trying to be a "retail experience" designed to sell coffeemakers and beans. But customers kept coming in demanding a cup of coffee, so eventually it decided to change direction. "What Starbucks turned into is something I could not have conceived when it was just six stores," says Kern.
It's also worth noting that in a key sense, Briggo isn't a coffee company. It would be hard pressed to beat all the others on the quality of its beans. Rather, it's an automation company, whose special skill is in creating computerized robot systems than can be endlessly refined and elaborated. Which means that if another company were to try to acquire Briggo, rather than a larger coffee conglomerate or a food retailer, why not one that is all about the perfection of automated processes—like Amazon?
http://qz.com/134661/briggo-coffee-army-of-robot-baristas-could-mean-the-end-of-starbucks-as-we-know-it/#
Thanks to Kebmodee for bringing this to the It's Interesting community.
Toothy prehistoric lizard named Obamadon after smiling president
On December 13, 2012 December 13, 2012 By A.P.In agathidium bushi, agathidium cheneyi, agathidium rumsfeldi, Al Gore, Beyonce, Bill Clinton, Bob Marley, Cretaceous peri, Dick Cheney, Dinosaur, Donald Rumsfeld, freshwater perch, George Bush, ground sloth, Harvard University, Hugh Hefner, Jimmy Carter, Leptochamops denticulatus, marsh rabbit, Megalonyxx jeffersonii, Montana, Nature, New Species, Nick Longrich, Obama, Obamadon, Obamadon gracilis, paleontologist, Playboy magazine, prehistoric lizard, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Science, slime-mold beetles, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Yale UniversityLeave a comment
Researchers have named a newly discovered, prehistoric lizard "Obamadon gracilis" in honor of the 44th president's toothy grin.
The small, insect-eating lizard was first discovered in eastern Montana in 1974, but a recent re-examination showed the fossil had been wrongly classified as a Leptochamops denticulatus and was in fact a new species, researchers told Reuters on Tuesday.
Obamadon gracilis was one of nine newly discovered species reported on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
In naming the new species, scientists from Yale and Harvard universities combined the Latin "Obamadon" for "Obama's teeth" and "gracilis," which means slender.
"The lizard has these very tall, straight teeth and Obama has these tall, straight incisors and a great smile," said Nick Longrich, a paleontologist at the school in New Haven, Connecticut.
It was believed to have lived during the Cretaceous period, which began 145.5 million years ago. Along with many dinosaurs from that era, the lizard died out about 65 million years ago when a giant asteroid struck earth, scientists say.
Longrich said he waited until after the recent U.S. election to name the lizard.
"It would look like we were kicking him when he's down if he lost and we named this extinct lizard after him," he said in an interview.
"Romneydon" was never under consideration and "Clintondon" didn't sound good, said Longrich, who supported Hillary Clinton's failed run against Obama in the 2008 Democratic primary.
Obama is not the first politician whose name has been used to help classify organisms. Megalonyxx jeffersonii, an extinct species of plant-eating ground sloth, was named in honor of President Thomas Jefferson, an amateur paleontologist who studied the mammal.
Earlier this year, researchers announced they had named five newly identified species of freshwater perch after Obama, Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Jimmy Carter and Theodore Roosevelt.
In 2005, entomologists named three species of North American slime-mold beetles agathidium bushi, agathidium cheneyi and agathidium rumsfeldi in honor of George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Donald Rumsfeld – the U.S. president, vice president and secretary of defense at the time.
Other celebrity names also have been used to name new species. A small Caribbean crustacean has been named after reggae icon Bob Marley, an Australian horsefly has been named in honor of hip-hop star Beyonce, and an endangered species of marsh rabbit has been named after Playboy magazine founder Hugh Hefner.
http://news.yahoo.com/yale-names-toothy-dinosaur-obamadon-smiling-president-200415370.html


Attention! This job posting is 74 days old and might be already filled.
My client is a leading VMWare and Microsoft partner.
We require a Junior application support person to work in a contract capacity assisting our client to deploy VDI bespoke applications for their Architectural, Engineering and Construction client base. The applications are primarily bespoke to this sector therefor sector experience would be most useful.


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Sri Lanka has the fastest growing ageing population in South Asia and it is projected that by 2030, one in five Sri Lankans will be over the age of 60 with the majority being women.
Ageing is a triumph of development. People are living longer because of better nutrition, sanitation, health care, education and economic well-being. In order to reap the benefits of this demographic dividend Sri Lanka must invest in forward-thinking, rights-based and gender-sensitive policies that focus on the needs of people at every stage of their life.
While there is no single comprehensive policy to address population ageing, there is an urgent need to adopt a life-cycle approach with gender equality at its core. UNFPA is advocating for a life-cycle approach that underscores the need for rights-based life-cycle policies to transform perceived demographic challenges into opportunities for all. We are supporting the Government in census activities and using the evidence we produce to advocate for policies that will reap the benefits of the projected demographic dividend while raising awareness on the challenges and opportunities an ageing population presents. It is only when we invest in every stage of life, that society as a whole, can age with good health, economic safety, and dignity.
As such, UNFPA works to,
- Ensure that demographic trends such as population ageing are highlighted at policy level to inform national and subnational decision making in Sri Lanka
- Provide technical support during all stages of a National census and helps ensure that data is widely utilized and disseminated for development
- Work with policymakers, civil society, healthcare providers and educators at all levels to promote sexual and reproductive health and rights
- Support the Department of Census and Statistics to collect and analyse population data that can help understand population trends.
Life-long journey towards equality
Having lost both her parents as a teenager, Rupa* was passed around like a ball of burden within her own extended family for many years to follow....
Equity in sexual and reproductive health and rights
COLOMBO, Sri Lanka (04 August 2020): In Sri Lanka, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services are often inaccessible to persons living with...
"I can't breathe", a wakeup call for the world, this World Population Day
Opinion Editorial by Ms. Ritsu Nacken, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Representative, Sri Lanka and Country Director, Maldives I heard...


text:
__БЕЗКН__

-{Ctenomys azarae}- је врста глодара (-{Rodentia}-) из породице туко-тукоа (-{Ctenomyidae}-).

Распрострањење
Ареал врсте је ограничен на једну државу. Аргентина је једино познато природно станиште врсте.

Угроженост
Ова врста се сматра рањивом у погледу угрожености врсте од изумирања.

Референце

Литература
 -{IUCN}- црвена листа угрожених врста, детаљнији подаци о врсти

Спољашње везе

Туко-тукои
Фауна Аргентине
Сисари Јужне Америке
Рањиви таксони


text:
Shawn Kogler
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
As a Buffalo Bills fan, Shawn Kogler enjoys football. Without the sport, his doctors may not have discovered his brain tumor when they did.
In 2015, while playing catch with his son, Shawn got a text message. He looked down at his phone and the football hit him in the head, causing him to stammer and his speech to freeze. He didn't feel right after that but figured he had just "gotten his bell rung."
When he still displayed symptoms after a couple months, Shawn saw his primary care doctor. An MRI revealed that he had a grade 3 anaplastic astrocytoma — a rare malignant brain tumor. Despite this, he remained upbeat.
"I'm just a positive person. I never said 'why me.' I said, 'Why not me? Why can't I be the one to beat this?' I'm never one to question why," he says.
Shawn came to Wilmot Cancer Institute, where a team of brain tumor experts — including the region's only specialists in neuropathology and neuro-oncology — worked together to ensure he received the most precise treatment.
Before he underwent surgery to remove the tumor, Shawn participated in an NIH-funded study led by Bradford Mahon, Ph.D. It mapped areas of Shawn's brain that control functions like memory and language, revealing the precise locations of these functions.
These images helped neurosurgeon Kevin Walter, M.D., to tailor Shawn's operation to his brain's structure and remove the tumor while protecting the areas that control language and motor function.
After Shawn's surgery in October 2015, the University of Rochester Medical Center's specialized neuropathologists analyzed his tumor for genetic mutations. Their analysis provided Shawn's neuro-oncologist, Joy Burke, M.D., with detailed information about the biology of his tumor. With those details, Burke and her colleagues outlined a course of treatment specific to Shawn's needs.
He began a regimen of radiation therapy and temozolomide, a pill form of chemotherapy that he took at home. He even worked with Wilmot's Specialty Pharmacy to have it mailed directly to his house, which made it more convenient.
After three months off from working as a mover in the Custodial Services department at St. John Fisher College, Shawn returned to his job in January 2016. More than a year later, he is doing well. He's grateful for the support he received from his family, friends and work colleagues, as well as for the care he received at Wilmot.
"Everybody involved, they've been fabulous," he says. "I couldn't ask for anything better."
Ruth Harper-Rhode
Ruth_HarperRhode@URMC.Rochester.edu
Browse Stories
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URMC Shares Update on Patient Vaccinations for COVID-19


The barren heights--people in Jeremiah's time made a lot of fuss over it. They thought that just because they made shrines and altars on the heights, they had high spiritual lives. They didn't realize that in God's eyes, they were barren.
Being on heights is no guarantee you have the fruits. Fruit is only assured when you deeply understand and live out the Word. "Obey me and I will be your God and you will be my people." Then and now, God's covenant is hinged on the spoken Word. God asked Israel through Jeremiah: "Did I just instruct you about sacrifice and worship when I got you out of Egypt? Don't you know that what matters is obedience to the Word?"
Today, the barren heights still stand, erected by stubborn "believers." They focus on the quality of their worship (sound system, voice quality, and liveliness) and the quality of their church worship programs--especially their printed programs. I marvel at the useless attention to minor details. But you see church people ignorant of the spoken Word. They never hear God speak to them and mock at the prospect. They insist that a holy life is impossible, and never realize that they have to live the Jesus LIFE no less.
The church today brags about expressive and high worships--crying, thousands of people at the altar, waving their hands, lively singing, active young people in worship teams, fiery testimonies about how God touched them or how He blessed them--and yet, often, you see that "the Word of the Lord is offensive to them; they find no pleasure in it" (Jer.6). I've seen active young people in church loathe the Word of God. No one has sharp, ready ears for God's voice in Scriptures--"Who will listen to me?" (6.10). Almost everyone in church just want to be active and take part in programs.
By God's grace, I enjoy expressive worships, crying and laughing in the Spirit, speaking in and interpreting tongues, moving in His presence. Yet, through the Spirit, I take care never to worship on the barren heights.


Once a CPO has been served it is the start of a legal process and, to protect your client's position, you need to instruct a specialist lawyer. The CPO starts a legal process with a real risk that your client's property will be compulsorily acquired.
Richard Max and Co can help your clients present a written statement objecting to the CPO on planning and land use grounds. This will give your clients the status of a statutory objector.
Should your objection be rejected we have considerable experience in adopting a defensive legal strategy that will mitigate your loss. We know how to take advantage of the key moments in the valuation process and, as a consequence, leverage adequate compensation as quickly as possible.
A rural land owner received a CPO for a swathe of land through the middle of its estate relating to a major national highways project. Since the project was deemed unstoppable, the real battle was about valuation.


text:
Q: How to generate update.rdf with jpm Rather than cfx's --updateurl command, with jpm, we can simply place the updateURL in package.json. This URL points to a file called update.rdf, which tells self-hosted addons where to look for updates.
With cfx, that update.rdf file could be generated with the --updatelink, but that option has been removed from jpm. I can't figure out how to generate update.rdf using jpm. Any ideas?

A: I've made issue 288 for this, in the meantime you will need to follow these instructions to learn how to build the update.rdf yourself https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Extension_Versioning,_Update_and_Compatibility#Update_RDF_Format

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Schnur (German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): metonymic occupational name for a maker of cords and rope from Middle High German snuor German Schnur) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Brayden Schnur (born 1995), Canadian tennis player
Diego Hidalgo Schnur, Spanish philanthropist, intellectual and businessman
Max Schnur (born 1993), American tennis player
Meghan Schnur (born 1985) American soccer player
Sandra Schnur (1935–1994), American disability rights leader
Steve Schnur, President of Music for Electronic Arts (EA)
Wolfgang Schnur (1944–2016), East German civil rights lawyer
See also
Marie Schnür (1869–1918), German painter, illustrator and silhouette maker

References

Occupational surnames

German-language surnames
Jewish surnames


Work out what you want according to the scale and click the Donate button in the right-hand column. Donate the appropriate amount and in the message box include your artwork request as well as an email address I can contact you on.
My workflow is entirely digital. This means i don't typically send hard copies of commissions though I'm certain we can work something out if the price is right. I reserve the right to put a lower resolution version of the commission up on my sites (including but not limited to whitetigergrafiks.com, whitetigergrafiks.deviantart.com and publicmenace.tumblr.com) but I will of course email you the image at full resolution that no one else will be privy to. If you have a specific output in mind for the image, like a cd cover or poster art, please let me know ASAP so I can plan the art appropriately.
Check the list at the bottom of this panel for an update on works in progress.


To have a access to your heart your nature should be full of benignity, if not you will meet with a casualty and you will be left with a decrepit feeling. Your effrontery will create a distance from others where as your generosity will be felicitated. But be sure not to be a henchman while trying to have generosity. Your malevolent nature will only be a hindrance. A laundress who is trying to satiate herself by having a nectarine, is very much temporal though she might be considered down-market. She lives a life which is much better than pantomimes that high class crowds perform in their lives : a real example of realism. Though their cars have effulgence their lives are dull. Though they may have dedication to achieve their goals and make money, most of the parts of their souls are not accessible, filled with cataclysm of negative emotions, and they don't have the benison of peace. In contrast the life of the laundress seems to that of an empress.


This image gallery named as Image Library might be ideal solution for your decoration. As the author has insert this image into Corner Chair Ideas post section, would ease you to find the perfect match of you decor desire.
Even the image library looks like a ideal option for those who wish a set of chairs that have a fantastic energy and endurance. Hickory wood has a really heavy feature. Besides, it is also quite difficult and has a excellent power. Together with most of those faculties, no miracle that the hickory wood can be found in industrial configurations, and it is frequently utilized to produce athletic tools, software handles, and furniture, for example chairs. bedroom corner chair ideas normally seem exceptional, since sapwood has a cream or white coloration, while the center part of their wood — named the heartwood — comes with a stunning red brownish colour. The unique-but-enchanting comparison between the colors of its sapwood and heartwood makes the hickory wood quite simple to spot and distinguish from different kinds of woods.
The absolute most crucial thing you should search for before purchasing a image library could be your dimensions. Even before you navigate a catalogue of kitchen area chairs, then you need to know for that correct measurement for the kitchen area. To do it, you want to know the measurement of one's own kitchen as well as the dining table you use. The next factor to consider is how many chairs that you wish to place on the dining table table. That way, you can figure out the size of this area of interest chair you need to decide, whether you wish to get living room corner chair ideas or even chairs minus arms.
A image library, that has a style and design which is rather different from the other ordinary chairs, can be set to coincide with a dining table, to emphasize the mind's office , or simply to be the center of attention in an family area. Even though it often includes a bold appearance, a captains chair can be an appealing and one of a kind furniture that could easily attract harmony and balance to the interior design of nearly every chamber type. It can even serve as an uncommon-but-nice visitor chair in the event you chose to utilize it like an extra thing to match your visitor bedroom set. Becoming separate from the other chairs in the area doesn't necessarily mean that it cannot be paired in harmony with the room interiordesign. The bedroom corner chair ideas is really a low-back relaxed wood arm chair. But now, you will find respective designs and substances of this type of chairs, therefore you could easily correct it into the design and also the fashion of your house. But whether it will soon be placed on your table, at the head of one's dining table table, or even exploiting the master's mattress, the chair is definitely the ideal decision to fortify the positive attribute of its own owner.
Apart from the initial type of cushion, the second common form of image library could be that the living room corner chair ideas. Such a pillow usually will come at the same size for a cushion or a little more compact. The model of this cushion is just a plain cubicle without a relation to these borders. Unlike the box-type cushion, this simple pillow is only put about the sofas or on the box-type pillow to add up the decorative point. It is perhaps not entirely useless, the thought of setting this basic kind of cushion is also for once you want to break and require a quick rest, this pillow-like pillow will create your mind really feel cozy. No matter what, only remember whenever you choose the cushions, you have to match them with all the style of the seats.
The dining room resembles a room which is not used regularly. That is a perception of the dining table area that can only be properly used for appreciating with a meal. But every time this place is employed, existence comes about and naturally, there are more than only dinner times at the Diningroom. It's very important to find the very best furniture to your own living area including the chairs. Even the image library may arrive in dining places but it is far too predictable and what's more, high priced. To have a unique appearance and relaxation inside the eating space, the living room corner chair ideas has to be selected cautiously.
The image library include movement element because it is necessary to enable the body proceeding while sitting in the chair. The pressure on your back part can be lowered by moving. Additionally it is useful for delivering oxygen into your muscle groups. The blood flow into the brain will be raised too. Most those me an a great productivity for sure. It is healthy to move and also this chair could encourage your own human anatomy while they go. The bedroom corner chair ideas ought to be chosen as it's an orientation function. Folks may feel more comfortable and cautious when they can transform their position whilst sitting. Psychotherapy could be done comfortably because of the aid from Natural Glide program inside this chair. There was not any requirement to be worried about neck, arm, along with eye-straining.
Now, in the time of this Mexican kingdom because in the time that the source of wood was very limited, living room corner chair ideas employed hassocks, a sort of conventional Turkish materials for kneeling, covered with leather. Subsequently together with the job of this Greeks and Romans to Egypt and Turkey, this image library were identified as a Member of this lazy chair for the emperors to unwind. The rolling of time, the Ottomans was become more widely referred to, which had been popularized by the population of both England and the usa. Furnishings designers continue to develop their thoughts and make Ottomans as"mandatory devices" to match chairs or sofas in the family area.


text:
Title: Phase noise
Subject: Crystal oscillator, Allan variance, PLL multibit, Noise, Index of physics articles (P)
In signal processing, phase noise is the frequency domain representation of rapid, short-term, random fluctuations in the phase of a waveform, caused by time domain instabilities ("jitter").[1] Generally speaking, radio frequency engineers speak of the phase noise of an oscillator, whereas digital system engineers work with the jitter of a clock.
3 Jitter conversions
5 Spectral purity
Historically there have been two conflicting yet widely used definitions for phase noise. Some authors define phase noise to be the spectral density of a signal's phase only,[2] while the other definition refers to the phase spectrum (which pairs up with the amplitude spectrum, see spectral density#Related concepts) resulting from the spectral estimation of the signal itself.[3] Both definitions yield the same result at offset frequencies well removed from the carrier. At close-in offsets however, the two definitions differ.[4]
The IEEE defines phase noise as \mathcal{L}\left(f\right)=S_{\phi}(f)/2 where the "phase instability" Sφ(f) is the one-sided spectral density of a signal's phase deviation.[5] Although Sφ(f) is a one-sided function, it represents "the double-sideband spectral density of phase fluctuation".[6] The phase noise expression ℒ(f) is pronounced "script ell of f".[7]
An ideal oscillator would generate a pure sine wave. In the frequency domain, this would be represented as a single pair of Dirac delta functions (positive and negative conjugates) at the oscillator's frequency, i.e., all the signal's power is at a single frequency. All real oscillators have phase modulated noise components. The phase noise components spread the power of a signal to adjacent frequencies, resulting in noise sidebands. Oscillator phase noise often includes low frequency flicker noise and may include white noise.
Consider the following noise-free signal:
v(t) = Acos(2πf0t).
Phase noise is added to this signal by adding a stochastic process represented by φ to the signal as follows:
v(t) = Acos(2πf0t + φ(t)).
Phase noise is a type of cyclostationary noise and is closely related to jitter. A particularly important type of phase noise is that produced by oscillators.
Phase noise (ℒ(f)) is typically expressed in units of dBc/Hz, and it represents the noise power relative to the carrier contained in a 1 Hz bandwidth centered at a certain offsets from the carrier. For example, a certain signal may have a phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 kHz and -95 dBc/Hz at an offset of 100 kHz. Phase noise can be measured and expressed as single sideband or double sideband values, but as noted earlier, the IEEE has adopted the definition as one-half of the double sideband PSD.
Jitter conversions
Phase noise is sometimes also measured and expressed as a power obtained by integrating ℒ(f) over a certain range of offset frequencies. For example, the phase noise may be -40 dBc integrated over the range of 1 kHz to 100 kHz. This Integrated phase noise (expressed in degrees) can be converted to jitter (expressed in seconds) using the following formula: \text{Jitter (seconds}) = \text{Phase error (degrees)}/(360\times \text{Frequency (Hertz)})
In the absence of 1/f noise in a region where the phase noise displays a –20 dBc/decade slope, the rms cycle jitter can be related to the phase noise by:[8]
\sigma^2_c = \frac{f^2 \mathcal{L}\left(f\right)}{f_{osc}^3}
Likewise:
\mathcal{L}\left(f\right) = \frac{f_{osc}^3 \sigma^2_c}{f^2}
Phase noise can be measured using a spectrum analyzer if the phase noise of the device under test (DUT) is large with respect to the spectrum analyzer's local oscillator. Care should be taken that observed values are due to the measured signal and not the shape factor of the spectrum analyzer's filters. Spectrum analyzer based measurement can show the phase-noise power over many decades of frequency e.g. 1 Hz to 10 MHz. The slope with offset frequency in various offset frequency regions can provide clues as to the source of the noise, e.g. low frequency flicker noise decreasing at 30 dB per decade (=9 dB per octave).[9]
Phase noise measurement systems are alternatives to spectrum analyzers. These systems may use internal and external references and allow measurement of both residual and additive noise. Additionally, these systems can make low-noise, close-to-the-carrier, measurements.
Spectral purity
The sinewave output of an ideal oscillator is a single line in the frequency spectrum. Such perfect spectral purity is not achievable in a practical oscillator. Spreading of the spectrum line caused by phase noise must be minimised in the local oscillator for a superheterodyne receiver because it defeats the aim of restricting the receiver frequency range by filters in the IF (intermediate frequency) amplifier.
Leeson's equation
Maximum time interval error
Noise spectral density
Spectral density
Spectral phase
^ This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C".
^ Rutman, J.; Walls, F. L. (June 1991), "Characterization of frequency stability in precision frequency sources", Proceedings of the IEEE 79 (6): 952–960,
^ Demir, A.; Mehrotra, A.; Roychowdhury, J. (May 2000), "Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 47 (5): 655–674,
^ Navid, R.; Jungemann, C.; Lee, T. H.;
^ Vig, John R.; Ferre-Pikal, Eva. S.; Camparo, J. C.; Cutler, L. S.; Maleki, L.; Riley, W. J.; Stein, S. R.; Thomas, C.; Walls, F. L.; White, J. D. (26 March 1999), IEEE Standard Definitions of Physical Quantities for Fundamental Frequency and Time Metrology – Random Instabilities, IEEE, , see definition 2.7.
^ IEEE 1999, p. 2, stating ℒ(f) "is one half the of the double-sideband spectral density of phase fluctuation."
^ IEEE 1999, p. 2
^ Poore, Rick (May 17, 2001), An Overview of Phase Noise and Jitter, Agilent Technologies
^ Cerda, Ramon M. (July 2006), "Impact of ultralow phase noise oscillators on system performance", RF Design: 28–34
Rubiola, Enrico (2008), Phase Noise and Frequency Stability in Oscillators, Cambridge University Press,
Wolaver, Dan H. (1991), Phase-Locked Loop Circuit Design, Prentice Hall,
Lax, M. (August 1967), "Classical noise. V. Noise in self-sustained oscillators", Physical Review 160 (2): 290–307,
Hajimiri, A.; Lee, T. H. (February 1998), "A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 33 (2): 179–194,
Pulikkoonattu, R. (June 12, 2007), Oscillator Phase Noise and Sampling Clock Jitter, Tech Note, Bangalore, India: ST Microelectronics, retrieved March 29, 2012
Chorti, A.; Brookes, M. (September 2006), "A spectral model for RF oscillators with power-law phase noise", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 53 (9): 1989–1999,
Rohde, Ulrich L.; Poddar, Ajay K.; Böck, Georg (May 2005), The Design of Modern Microwave Oscillators for Wireless Applications, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons,
Ajay Poddar, Ulrich Rohde, Anisha Apte, " How Low Can They Go, Oscillator Phase noise model, Theoretical, Experimental Validation, and Phase Noise Measurements", IEEE Microwave Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 50-72, September/October 2013.
Ulrich Rohde, Ajay Poddar, Anisha Apte, "Getting Its Measure", IEEE Microwave Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 73-86, September/October 2013
U. L. Rohde, A. K. Poddar, Anisha Apte, "Phase noise measurement and its limitations", Microwave journal, pp. 22-46, May 2013
A. K. Poddar, U.L. Rohde, "Technique to Minimize Phase Noise of Crystal Oscillators", Microwave journal, pp. 132-150, May 2013.
Noise (physics and telecommunications)
Acoustic quieting
Noise measurement
Noise power
Noise temperature
Phase distortion
Noise in...
Class of noise
Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)
Atmospheric noise
Background noise
Brownian noise
Burst noise
Cosmic noise
Gaussian noise
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise)
Quantization error (or q. noise)
Coherent noise
Value noise
Gradient noise
Worley noise
Channel noise level
Circuit noise level
Effective input noise temperature
Equivalent noise resistance
Equivalent pulse code modulation noise
Impulse noise (audio)
Noise figure
Noise shaping
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH)
Pseudorandom noise
Statistical noise
Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)
Carrier-to-receiver noise density (C/kT)
dBrnC
Eb/N0 (energy per bit to noise density)
Es/N0 (energy per symbol to noise density)
Modulation error ratio (MER)
Signal, noise and distortion (SINAD)
Signal-to-interference ratio (S/I)
Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, SNR)
Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
Signal to noise plus interference (SNIR)
Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR)
List of noise topics
Colors of noise
Interference (communication)
Radio noise source
Thermal radiation
Articles to be merged from July 2014
WorldHeritage articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C
Articles prone to spam from August 2014
Frequency domain analysis
Telecommunication theory
Clock signal, Internet, Electronics, Telecommunications, Dvd
Noise pollution, Public transport, Colors of noise, Tonality, Nasa
Physics, Electromagnetism, Sonar, Music, Sound
Data compression, Calculus, Linear algebra, Numerical analysis, Video processing
Silicon, World War II, Resonance, Aluminium, Hydrogen
Allan variance
Modified Allan variance, Dead time, Time deviation, Time, Clock
PLL multibit
Control theory, Telecommunications, Frequency spectrum, Wireless, Feedback
Index of physics articles (P)
P-adic quantum mechanics, P-factor, P-form electrodynamics, P-nuclei, P-process


This Peacemaker replica from Umarex has been a massive hit since it was released in 2015, and now it is available to fire .177 pellets for even better accuracy than before.
The pistol's frame, as well as the key moving components such as the cylinder, trigger, and hammer are all made from metal which resists wear over time, and gives the pistol a very heavy weight for a super realistic shooting experience. All the moving parts are also very well finished to ensure that operation is smooth and precise on each shot.
Behind the plastic grips which are finished in a realistic wood pattern the Co2 capsule is concelead, and it is tightened and loosened by means of an allen key incorporated into one of the grips so you are never left without the correct tools.


The centre also offers additional therapies including traditional chinese acupuncture and massage. Pilates and yoga classes are held throughout the week.
If you are unsure what your exact needs are please call or email us and we will be happy to advise you on how we may be able to help.
Please do feel free to call us on 01726 67567 if you have any enquiries about the treatments we offer or if you have a condition which you feel needs attention.
All our physiotherapists are HCPC registered and fully registered will all major medical insurance companies.


Mother's Day is fast approaching, the time has come to decide what to get Mom for her big day. Our little ones want to give their Mommies a present as well, so what can they do that does not involve going to a store with another adult and buying something for her. Below is a list of ideas that you can help the little ones make or do for their Moms on the one day a year she gets all the adulations she deserves.
Help your child make coupons to give to mom that can be redeemed for things such as Going to Bed on Time; Getting Dressed By Myself; Clean Up My Room; No Interrupting; etc. Place in an envelope and give it to Mom, she will surely appreciate them. Remember it does not have to be fancy, it just needs to be made with Love!
Don't buy her a card, get some coloured paper and fold it for your child, let them go crazy and decorate it with crayons, stickers, paint, googly eyes. Pick up a few fun crafting decorations from the dollar store, throw all fun stuff in front of child and let them create.
Help your child pick out a seed pack for a plant that will grow in your area this summer. Get a plastic pot and let them decorate it with paint. Plant up your seeds and wrap a ribbon around the planter. Mom gets to watch the plant grow all summer.
This one takes a bit of help from an adult, but it is a nice homemade gift for mom. It involves coloured paper, tape and/or glue. There are so many different designs and options to putting together your Paper Flower Bouquet. Hit up Pinterest or Youtube for some great tutorials and ideas.
Grab a cheap glass vase from the dollar store and with some of those items crafting items you bought for decorating have your child design Mom a beautiful master piece. Once done you can go ahead and place the Paper Flower Bouquet you made earlier into Moms amazing new vase.
Get some large sheets of paper and set your child up with some paint at the table and tell them to paint a picture of them with their Mommy. It is a keepsake that can be proudly displayed for years in the house.
Go for a nature walk with your child and find some nice sized rocks, ones that would fit in Mom's hand. Have your child paint the rock, and wrap them up for her. It is a great gift that Mom can look at and hold onto for years to come.
This one is fairly straight forward, and yes an adult would have to cook the breakfast, but your child can help decorate the tray to bring the food up on, or help butter the toast. Mom can stay in bed and when she is eating her breakfast her little ones can cuddle up with her.
Surprise Mom by having your child tidy their room. It does not have to be spotless or perfect believe me, Mom will love the effort that they put in.
It's Spring and that means warmer weather. If Mother's day is a nice one in your area this year, plan a walk with your Mom. Get out and enjoy the simplest of things, Nature. Don't bring your phones, don't have an agenda, just walk and talk and observe and enjoy the beauty that is Spring.
Remember to enjoy the day remind Mom that she is the most wonderful Mommy in the World.


Arts Council England (ACE) has awarded £4.6 million to theatres to help support diversity in the industry.
ACE has invested £2.1 million through its Sustained Theatre programme, which supports the creation and touring of plays by black and minority ethnic theatre makers, and £2.57 million through its Change Makers scheme, which is aimed at increasing the diversity of senior leaders in cultural organisations.
The theatres benefiting from the Sustained Theatre scheme are: Birmingham Repertory Theatre (in partnership with Talawa Theatre Company); The Bush Theatre; Eclipse Theatre; Tamasha Theatre; and Tiata Fahodzi.
Actor and writer Meera Syal said of The REP's investment: "This is such exciting news for audiences and actors, a chance to celebrate and showcase our best talent in some of our best theatres."
The organisations receiving additional funding through the Change Makers programme include: Battersea Arts Centre and Jess Thom; Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra and James Rose; University of Cambridge Museums and Malavika Anderson; Manchester City Galleries and Fareda Khan; Royal & Derngate and The Core at Corby Cube.
On receiving the funding, Jess Thom, known for her comedy character 'Touretteshero', said: "I'm looking forward to making new work [at the Battersea Arts Centre] and creating a blueprint that supports our cultural spaces to be open, accessible and welcoming to all.
ACE's director for diversity, Abid Hussain said the twenty disabled and BME leaders receiving the money will have an "inspiring and transformational opportunity".
"[It gives] them the confidence and the experience to take their next step into a senior leadership role, helping to shape the future of our sector."


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Tag Archives: listening to children
What is CAFCASS? Who is the guardian?
Children and Families Court Advisory and Support Service
This gives us the acronym 'CAFCASS'. The main function of Cafcass is to advise the court about what is in the best interests of the child whom it represents in family proceedings.
Cafcass was created by section 12 of and Schedule 2 to the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act 2000 (CJCSA 2000).
See also the Family Procedure Rules 2010 Part 12 and Part 16 and Practice Directions 12A and 16A.
The official Cafcass website is here.
The Cafcass Operating Framework
Ofsted published its first national report about how well Cafcass was doing in 2014, concluding that there had been very significant improvements since 2009 and it was now an effective organisation.
The Association of Directors of Children's Services (ADCS) has published a number of Good Practice guides for Cafcass.
However, it seems that complaints made about Cafcass are rising and there are worries about how effectively Cafcass is either recording or responding to those complaints. See this post from Pink Tape.
What was CAFCASS set up to do?
The principal functions of the Service are set out in section 12(1) of the CJCSA 2000.
(1) In respect of family proceedings in which the welfare of children is or may be in question, it is a function of the Service to—
(a) safeguard and promote the welfare of the children,
(b) give advice to any court about any application made to it in such proceedings,
(c) make provision for the children to be represented in such proceedings,
(d) provide information, advice and other support for the children and their families.
How does CAFCASS safeguard and promote the welfare of children in care proceedings?
By providing 'guardians' to represent children in care proceedings. See Rule 16.3 of the Family Procedure Rules.
Guardians are considered a very important part of care proceedings. Baker J commented in 2013:
A crucial feature of the guardian's role has been the early appointment, right at the outset of the proceedings. So often it is decisions taken at that stage that have a defining influence on the eventual outcome as well as a fundamental impact on the child. An experienced guardian is able to come fresh to a case and bring the wisdom of their expertise to bear on the immediate decisions that have to be made at the outset of proceedings … In cases where the social worker, advocates and the tribunal may lack much experience, the guardian's role is vital…
Research from Bristol University in 2011 described the role of the guardian in this way:
The children's guardian is an independent professional, responsible to the court for their recommendations. Their role is to investigate the child's circumstances, usually to instruct the child's solicitor, to represent the child's best interests, and to advise the court about the child's welfare and specific matters such as making other people parties to the proceedings. The children's guardian provides an analysis of the child's circumstances at various points in the case in order to assist the court to decide what expert assessments are required and whether the proposals of the parties match the child's welfare needs. A children's guardian can influence the ways both local authorities and parents view the child's care, and consequently help them to agree arrangements. They are regarded as highly influential in care proceedings (Masson and Winn Oakley 1999; Hunt 2009).
Because the guardian represents the child they are are not in the 'camp' of either the LA or the parents, and will thus often have considerable influence over the court's decision. A Judge will need to give clear reasons for not following the guardian's recommendation.
For an interesting case about what happened when a LA disagreed with the views of a guardian, see this case from 2011.
Under rule 16.3 of the Family Procedure Rules, the court must appoint a guardian where the child is subject to 'specified proceedings', unless the court is satisfied it is not necessary to safeguard the interests of the child.
'Specified proceedings' is defined by section 41(6) of the Children Act 1989 and includes any application for a care or supervision order.
What does the court do after a children's guardian has been appointed?
See Rule 16.18
(1) Where the court appoints a children's guardian under rule 16.3 a court officer will record the appointment and, as soon as practicable, will –
(a) inform the parties and CAFCASS about the court's decision; and
(b) unless it has already been sent, send the children's guardian a copy of the application and copies of any document filed with the court in the proceedings.
(2) A court officer has a continuing duty to send the children's guardian a copy of any other document filed with the court during the course of the proceedings.
Powers and duties of the children's guardian.
See Rule 16.20 of the Family Procedure Rules. The guardian must act on behalf of the child in the court proceedings to safeguard the child's interests. The guardian must also provide the court with other assistance that it requires.
The guardian is independent and seen as a safeguard against poor social work practice; section 42 of the Children Act 1989 gives the guardian extensive access to see and copy documents held by the local authority.
The guardian will interview family members, talk to social workers and other relevant professionals and read the court papers in order to produce written recommendations to the court. If the child is old enough the guardian will take time to go and see the child and make sure his wishes and feelings are understood.
As the guardian's analysis of the case is likely to be very influential, it is important for parents to make time to meet with the guardian and try to discuss what is going on.
Sir Nicholas Wall, then the President of the Family Division considered in 2011 what should happen when guardians meet to talk about 'live cases' with the local authority.
115. Family law is multi-disciplinary and cooperative. It is inevitable and quite proper that officers of CAFCASS and members of the local authority will meet and discuss matters of mutual interest. The same applies to any professional body engaged in family proceedings. I agree with the general consensus, however, that where the topic under discussion is a "live" case – that is a case before the court – such conversations should be (a) rare; (b) strictly necessary for the proper progress of the case; (c) minuted; and (4) disclosed to all the other parties in the proceedings and available, if required, to the court.
116. Despite the confidentiality of the proceedings overall and the fact that the hearings take place in private, the watchword of family justice is "openness". Within the context of the proceedings, each party must know what is going on.
The Guardian is NOT an advocate for the court
The Guardian's role is an important one, but must not be overstated. The Guardian represents the interests of the children and therefore does not have a duty to act as an advocate for the court, for e.g. by helping other people make their arguments.
There is useful discussion about the role of the Guardian in the case of MW and Hertfordshire County Council in 2014. Two people who were intervening in a case were not native English speakers and did not have any legal representation. There was a suggestion that for litigants in this position, the Guardian should act as 'an advocate for the court' and help the litigants in person make their case. The court very firmly rejected this:
21.The children's guardian is not a "neutral" party or participant. When appointed under the Family Procedure Rules ("FPR") 16.3, as here, the children's guardian has a duty to safeguard the interests of the child and to present an independent view of the best interests of the child. Practice Direction ("PD") 16A 6.2 requires the children's guardian to appoint a solicitor and instruct the solicitor on "all matters relevant to the interests of the child arising in the course of the proceedings" unless the child, being of sufficient understanding instructs a solicitor on their own behalf. FPR 16.29 specifically provides that a solicitor appointed by the children's guardian must act in accordance with their instructions unless in conflict with the child's instructions, if that child has sufficient understanding to give instructions on their own behalf, or in the absence of either in furtherance of the best interests of the child. Whilst FPR16.20 (2) requires the children's guardian "must also provide the court with such other assistance as it may require", quite clearly a court should never request assistance which renders the children's guardian or their legal representative effectively engaging in advocacy on behalf of a party or witness whose position creates an actual or perceived conflict of interest with that of the child.
22. This court has been invited by Mr Samuel to issue guidance in the light of increasing numbers of litigants in person in family cases refused access to public funding. I would decline to do so beyond repeating the caution urged in paragraph 18 above, reminding advocates of their duties of fair play and squashing any lingering notion that the children's guardian's exercise of duties in the advice tendered to the court, service of documentation and inspection of records in accordance with PD 16A, 6.5 to 6.10 establishes them as an advocate to the court.
The importance of good analysis
It is very important, particularly if the LA is asking the court to make an adoption order, that the guardian considers carefully all the realistic options available to the child and considers both the positives and negatives about the parents' case. See Re B-S (Children) 2013.
The welfare checklists
The Children Act 1989 checklist
Part of the guardian's analysis should include consideration of the relevant 'checklists'. In care proceedings, the guardian must have regard to section 1(3)(a) to (f) of the 1989 Act which sets out 'the welfare checklist'. The guardian has to consider:
(a) the ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child concerned (considered in the light of his age and understanding);
(b) his physical, emotional and educational needs;
(c) the likely effect on him of any change in his circumstances;
(d) his age, sex, background and any characteristics of his which the court considers relevant;
(e )any harm which he has suffered or is at risk of suffering;
(f) how capable each of his parents, and any other person in relation to whom the court considers the question to be relevant, is of meeting his needs;
(g) the range of powers available to the court under this Act in the proceedings in question.
The Adoption and Children Act 2002 checklist
When the guardian is considering placement or adoption orders, the guardian must consider a similar checklist in section 1(4)(a) to (f) of the 2002 Act as if for the word 'court' in that section there were substituted the words 'children's guardian'.
(a )the child's ascertainable wishes and feelings regarding the decision (considered in the light of the child's age and understanding),
(b) the child's particular needs,
(c) the likely effect on the child (throughout his life) of having ceased to be a member of the original family and become an adopted person,
(d) the child's age, sex, background and any of the child's characteristics which the court or agency considers relevant,
(e) any harm (within the meaning of the Children Act 1989 (c. 41)) which the child has suffered or is at risk of suffering,
(f) the relationship which the child has with relatives, and with any other person in relation to whom the court or agency considers the relationship to be relevant, including—
(i) the likelihood of any such relationship continuing and the value to the child of its doing so,
(ii) the ability and willingness of any of the child's relatives, or of any such person, to provide the child with a secure environment in which the child can develop, and otherwise to meet the child's needs,
(iii) the wishes and feelings of any of the child's relatives, or of any such person, regarding the child.
The Direct Involvement of the Child
What if a child doesn't agree with the views of the guardian?
If the child is old enough and has a good enough understanding of what the proceedings are all about, he can chose to be represented by his own solicitor. The guardian should be alert to the possibility that an older child may not agree with the guardian's recommendations, and may wish to give his own instructions to the solicitor.
A child can also speak to a Judge directly. We deal with these issues in another post – The direct involvement of children in court proceedings.
Here is a useful article about involving children in family proceedings – how and why.
This entry was posted in CAFCASS and tagged CAFCASS, guardian, listening to children, welfare checklist on May 28, 2014 by Sarah Phillimore.
The importance of independent advocacy for children
The National Children's Bureau provided this analysis of the need for indpendent advocacy for children within the child protection system in 2013.
They concluded with recommendations for both Government and Local Authorities.
Recommendations for Government.
Use the opportunity of the Children and Families Bill 2013 to introduce a
statutory presumption that children are supported by an independent
advocate in initial and review child protection conferences, unless they
choose otherwise.
Update 'Get it Sorted: Guidance on Providing Effective Advocacy
Services for Children and Young People making a Complaint under the
Children Act 1989' to reflect the current policy and practice environment
and to specifically include the role of advocacy in the child protection
Commission a study of good practice models of independent advocacy in
child protection procedures to facilitate the sharing of practice across
the country.
Recommendations for Local Authorities
Local authorities should review their advocacy and child protection
conference services to:
Set in place a clear service level agreement for all stakeholders
following commissioning of independent advocacy regarding the role of
the advocate to ensure that children are supported before, during and
after child protection conferences on an 'opt-out' rather than 'opt-in'
Ensure that advocacy and child protection conference processes are
child-centred and meet the needs of specific groups of children and
young people, such as disabled children and young people, those in
custody and those in out of area placements.
Ensure that they foster effective working relationships between social
workers and independent advocates.
Formalise a process regarding information sharing, setting out issues of
confidentiality and data protection.
Develop advocacy training programmes.
Conduct an annual report and evaluation of child protection advocacy
services, both quantitative and qualitative, from the perspective of all stakeholders including children and young people.
Provide opportunities for children and young people to participate in
decisions relating to the design and delivery of advocacy services.
This entry was posted in Children's Views and tagged advocacy for children, listening to children on February 15, 2014 by Sarah Phillimore.
Tougher rules to support missing children
There is welcome news from the Government about new reforms to ensure that every child who goes missing from home will have the chance to talk to an independent person about what made them want to run away.
The Minister for Children and Families, Edward Timpson said:
For too long support for children who have gone missing has been patchy. Our new rules mean that every child will now have the chance to talk to a sympathetic, independent person. Only then will we find out why they ran away and if they came to harm, and help to make sure they don't run away again.
Councils must now rise to the challenge. Within the next 6 months I expect all to have made dramatic improvements to the support they provide missing children, and for all to offer return interviews to every child that has been missing from home or care.
This is part of a package of reforms to children's residential care, monitored by Ofsted, to improve safety and stop children running away. Children's homes will now work much more closely with police and councils – and all will follow tighter rules when children are at risk of going missing.
This entry was posted in Children's Views and tagged Children, listening to children, running away on January 28, 2014 by Sarah Phillimore.


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10 Years Later, CSA Has Yet to Improve Trucking Safety
February 27, 2020 by Levinson and Stefani Leave a Comment
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration implemented its Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) program in December of 2010. Its purpose was to be a method of measuring safety and regulation compliance on the road, with a goal decreasing truck-involved accidents.
The program allows commercial vehicle owner-operators to view their safety efforts because it is based upon a scoring system, which trucking professionals can view.
Scores are made by analyzing an owner-operator's safety events and then categorizing them into Behavioral Analysis and Safety Improvements Categories (BASICs). There are seven BASICs of safety: Unsafe Driving, Crash Indicator, Hours-of-Service Compliance, Vehicle Maintenance, Controlled Substances/Alcohol, Hazardous Materials Compliance, and Driver Fitness.
After being placed into a category, an event is given a weighted score based on when it occurred and its severity. FMCSA's Safety Management System (SMS) receives this data on a monthly basis.
If owner-operators have a score of 65 or above, they will receive a warning letter from the Motor Carrier Early Intervention protocol, which allows them to correct issues before law enforcement must intervene. The lower the score, the better an owner-operator's overall safety is considered.
Presently, CSA is made of three components: the Safety Measurement System, interventions, and a Safety Fitness Determination Rating System.
So, 10 years later, is the system still beneficial? Currently, there are concerns about its ability to reduce fatal commercial vehicle-involved crashes.
"Despite the best of intentions, CSA has not moved the crash reduction needle in the right direction," said Dave Osiecki, Scopelitis Transportation Consulting president. "Is it time for FMCSA to consider a new and different approach to CSA, and perhaps more generally?"
Scopelitis recently presented FMCSA's latest data, showing that the rate of truck-involved fatal crashes per 100 million miles traveled actually grew from 1.14 in 2010 to 1.42 in 2017. The rate of truck-involved injuries per 100 million miles traveled within the same period has also risen from 19.5 to 34.4.
"When I looked at [the data], it's pretty clear that CSA hasn't met [its] objective," said Osiecki.
Although 2018 and 2019's results have yet to be released, it is clear they won't be an improvement from years past. Because of this, Jim Mullen, Acting Administrator of FMCSA, said he is urging the agency to focus on reversing a four-year increase in the number of truck-involved fatalities.
However, the data may not be so easily comparable from year to year. Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety research director, Shaun Kildare, said the trucking industry was hit by the recession in 2009 and had low numbers of miles traveled, and that between 2016 and 2017, the way FMCSA collected data changed drastically.
"What CSA can do is limited by the amount of enforcement and touches by the agency and the industry," he explained. "There are about 560,000 carriers that FMCSA regulates. Of that total, in reality, they may only audit and touch as many as, let's say, 50,000 carriers."
Additionally, Steve Bryan, SambaSafety Transportation executive vice president and general manager, said there have been further changes for truckers, especially with the usage of new technology and the changes to Hours-of-Service rules. "The environment that truckers operate in–the distractions from cell phones and the fatigue–is extraordinarily worse than it was 10 or 12 years ago."
Currently, FMCSA is working toward implementing an improved manner of evaluating CSA with a technique called Item Response Theory, a method currently used to evaluate programs in the health and airline industries.
IRT uses data to score highway and roadside inspection violations, and FMCSA said it will know by September 2020 whether or not the method is applicable to CSA.
"I believe the IRT model does a much better job of identifying those motor carriers that have a high crash rate," Bryan explained, as he has previously run models using IRT. "I wish they'd implement the darn thing."
American Trucking Associations vice president, Dan Horvath, is less than assured that the methodology will end up helping the industry.
"Truck crashes have gone up," he said. "But, I don't believe that an improved CSA program will be the single solution to reducing truck crashes. I certainly believe that an improved program can be part of the broader picture to reduce crash risk."


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Carmelo Anthony and LaLa Vazquez Tie the Knot
By Jessica Derschowitz
July 12, 2010 / 4:23 PM / CBS News
Carmelo Anthony and new bride LaLa Vazquez pose for photographers after their wedding ceremony at Cipriani's, Saturday, July 10, 2010, in New York. AP Photo/Louis Lanzano
NEW YORK (CBS) Denver Nuggets star Carmelo Anthony wed longtime girlfriend LaLa Vazquez in a lavish New York ceremony on Saturday that was packed with celebrity guests.
Pictures: Lala VazquezPictures: Celebrity Weddings and Engagements
LeBron James, Justin Timberlake, Spike Lee, Serena Williams, Ludacris, Kelly Rowland, Kim Kardashian, Ciara, Khloe Kardashian and husband Lamar Odom were among the 300 invited guests, according to reports.
According to People magazine, Vazquez wore a Vera Wang gown as she exchanged vows with Anthony, while their 3-year-old son, Kiyan, served as the ring bearer.
"Best night of my entire life," Vazquez posted on her Twitter page early Sunday morning. "Thank u to all my family and friends who shared tonight with me. I love u. I'm on cloud 9 right now."
According to People, the Manhattan venue where the wedding took place featured towering marble columns and chandeliers, and was decorated using red tablecloths, centerpieces of red Ecuadorian roses, hundreds of candles and thousands of red roses hanging from the high ceiling.
After the ceremony, guests were treated to a sit-down dinner and music from a live band. The five-tiered wedding cake was decorated with red flowers.
According to the report, the couple, who became engaged in 2004, invited guests to their nuptials with invitations designed by Lehr & Black, which were red and gold and decorated with Swarovski crystals. It was delivered in a black box featuring their initials.
The affair was planned by event planner Mindy Weiss and was filmed for an upcoming VH1 reality show.
First published on July 12, 2010 / 4:23 PM


How Did Americans Lose Our Liberty & Arrive Here?
My son (college) asked how on earth did America get to the place of the Patriot Act, its infringements on our liberty being blithely accepted & defended, and becoming a people willing to accept as president a man who will kill anyone he wants, any time he wants, anywhere he wants, and have half the nation cheering when he says he'll ignore the Constitution to do whatever he wants, something the Founders fought a war to end, and America always has stood – and fought – against. Until now.


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text:
package com.dremio.exec.store.parquet;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.dremio.BaseTestQuery;
import com.dremio.common.exceptions.UserException;
import com.dremio.exec.proto.UserBitShared;

public class TestMetadataRefreshForParquet extends BaseTestQuery {

  private static final String DATAFILE = "cp.\"store/parquet/complex/complex.parquet\"";

  @Test
  public void columnLimitExceeded() throws Exception {
    final String query = String.format(
        "select t1.amount, t1.\"date\", t1.marketing_info, t1.\"time\", t1.trans_id, t1.trans_info, t1.user_info " +
            "from %s t1", DATAFILE);

    try (AutoCloseable closeable = setSystemOptionWithAutoReset("store.plugin.max_metadata_leaf_columns", "2")) {
      test(query);
      fail("query should have failed");
    } catch (UserException e) {
      assertEquals(e.getErrorType(), UserBitShared.DremioPBError.ErrorType.VALIDATION);
      Assert.assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("exceeded the maximum number of fields of 2"));
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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