"The MMA generally precludes multiple 30-month stays for those applications to which it applies." That is a statement from the FDA in a draft guidance document entitled "Listed Drugs, 30-Month Stays, and Approval of ANDAs and 505(b)(2) Applications Under Hatch-Waxman, as Amended by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003," published in October 2004. But in the same document, FDA also stated, "Multiple 30-month stays, however, still may be possible in certain cases." This is one such case.
In 2008, Minrad, Inc. (now Piramal Critical Care, Inc.) filed an ANDA for a generic version of Suprane (desfluorane, USP) and submitted a paragraph IV certification to Baxter Healthcare's U.S. Patent No. 5,617,906. Minrad sent a paragraph IV notice letter to Baxter, which Baxter received on December 12, 2008. Within 45 days, Baxter filed suit against Minrad for infringement of the '906 patent, triggering a 30-month stay that expired on June 12, 2011.
On June 23, 2009, Minrad changed the container closure system for its drug product and submitted an amendment to ANDA 90-363 to include the new closure system. Once Minrad submitted the second paragraph IV certification to the '906 patent in connection with the revised product and sent notice to Baxter, and Baxter subsequently sued Minrad within 45 days of receiving that notice, the statutory requirements for a 30-month stay with respect to this paragraph IV certification were met.
The statute is unambiguous. When a paragraph IV certification has been made to a patent for which information was submitted to FDA before the ANDA was submitted, and an action is brought for infringement of the patent that is the subject of the certification, a 30-month stay dating from receipt of the notice applies (section 505(j)(5)(B)(iii) of the Act). Even if the statute were ambiguous, we would interpret it, consistent with its intent to provide an opportunity to litigate questions concerning patent infringement, to begin a 30-month stay when as here, an ANDA is amended to include a new certification reflecting a change in the product covered by the ANDA.
As a result, FDA granted Baxter second 30-month stay, which will not expire until January 7, 2012.
The lesson for generic drug companies: if possible, do not change your drug product during the approval process. If you do change your product, try to avoid having to send another paragraph IV notice letter. On the flip side, the lesson for brand-name drug companies: if you receive another paragraph IV notice letter from a company you've already sued, file another complaint against that company. You may earn an additional 30-month stay.
Hat tip to Steve Auten's Hatch-Waxman ANDA Litigation Forum on LinkedIn.
POSTSCRIPT: The '906 patent claims an "anaesthetic agent container for supplying a liquid anaesthetic" comprising certain physical features. None of the claims recites desflurane--or any other pharmaceutical. Thus, Minrad may have a viable argument that the '906 patent is improperly listed in the Orange Book. It appears from Minrad's Answer, however, that Minrad has not sought the delisting of the '906 patent.
Wouldn't the second 30 month stay expire on January 7 2014, not January 7 2012?


text:
Muhammad Ahsan, Reporter
We all grew up hearing stories about UFOs and aliens which mostly involved short, green humanoids with weird eyes and absolutely no facial expressions (I mean you are here on a different planet and didn't even ask for permission, least you can do is smile at the first person you see). People have spent their lives searching for evidence of extraterrestrial life. We all know at least one person who is very interested in these types of things or claim to have seen a flying saucer or two (No?). From movies to documentaries and stories, the mystery of UFOs has served as an inexhaustible source of entertainment and has sparked human curiosity.
This curiosity was the reason that the United States conducted an investigation on UFOs and mysterious flying objects. The first well-known UFO sighting occurred in June 1947, when the civilian pilot and businessman Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine objects, glowing bright blue-white, flying in a "V" formation, at speeds of up to 1700 mph, in the skies over Washington's Mount Rainier. Kenneth Arnold compared the movement of the nine mysterious objects over Mount Rainier to that of "a saucer if you skip it across the water." This statement later led to the misconception (we have no proof that it was a misconception, Right?) that the objects were shaped like saucers, and to the widespread use of "flying saucer" as a synonym for UFO. The formation of Project Blue Book coincided with the height of the UFO-sighting trend. Reports were so hot that year that President Harry S. Truman feared an outbreak of hysteria over the matter. Widely publicized reports of Arnold's experience, followed by an increasing number of reported UFO sightings, led the U.S. Air Force to begin an investigation into the sightings, called Operation Sign, in 1948. The initial investigation resulted in the formation of Project Blue Book in 1952; that project became the longest running of the U.S. government's official inquiries into UFO sightings, compiling reports on more than 12,000 sightings or related events.
Although Project Blue Book was an investigation by the Air Force, the CIA eventually got involved in 1953 by assembling a panel of experts to dig into the facts and ease some of the public's concerns. In 1966, the Air Force had requested the formation of another committee to look into the details of 59 UFO sightings investigated by Project Blue Book. The committee, headed by Dr. Edward Condon, and based at the University of Colorado, released its "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects"–better known as the Condon Report–in 1968. According to the Condon Report, the sightings they examined showed no evidence of any unusual activity and recommended that the Air Force stop investigations into UFO-related incidents.
In addition to UFO investigations conducted in the United States, similar work has been done over the years in other countries all over the world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Greece, and Sweden. In January 1979, the British House of Lords even held a three-hour-long debate on the subject of UFOs and a motion (eventually defeated) that the British government should make public what it knew about them.
Of course, the "UFOlogists" were dissatisfied with the government investigation. They continued their own investigations of flying saucers and well, anything weird. Even after all this investigation and research, we are still yet to see a green, short, weird-eyed guy. The most important question here is that if aliens somehow do manage to show up on Earth, and say in low pitched cold voice, " Take me to your leader Earthlings!"
What exactly are we gonna say? Sorry, we have no single leader here, you gotta meet at least 195 leaders, and if you want to do that you should probably get going it is a time-consuming task ( well, good luck saying that to an alien's face).
We have no evidence that UFOs exist or they ever visited Earth, but we know that the human curiosity on the matter of flying saucers and extraterrestrial life is not going to take a break anytime soon.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


To everyone's surprise, the most expensive car in the world was made in 2017, and there are only three of them.
There's no doubt the world of cars is one that requires great investments in order to create "the perfect machine", a car that doesn't only reaches great speed, but also implements the latest technology the world has to offer.
It seems a high-spec car will always be synonym with hi-cost, or so does the Pagani Zonda HP Barchetta, the world's most expensive sports car, indicates. Efraín Rojas Mata tells all about this luxury car.
Made especially for Horacio Pagani's birthday, the Pagani Zonda HP Barchetta sports car is the most expensive car in the entire world, costing up to 17.5 million dollars.
Despite being presented last 2017 at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance, it was not until recently that its price was revealed, making it the current most expensive car in the world.
Previously, the prized title belonged to the Rolls Royce Sweptail, priced at 14 million dollars, which started development in 2013 by petition of a millionaire client who wanted a luxury car like no other before. Four years later, the Sweptail has lost its crown.
The Pagani Zonda HP Barchetta has no hood, but it does have a small windbreaker. Inspiration came from models such as the Pagani Zonda. A 7.3 liter Mercedes AMG V12 propels it, fed by a 760 horsepower engine, 6 speed manual transmission and rear-wheel drive. It can go from 0 to 60mph in 3.1 seconds.
Its luxurious seats are upholstered in plaid as a tribute to Horacio Pagani's idol, Juan Manuel Fangio, whose "Silver Arrow" car sports the same design in its own seats, once again reminding us that this super high-spec sports-car was truly custom-made for its owner.
To date, only three Zonda HP Barchetta exist, making Horacio Pagani and two others the only three people who can enjoy driving the most expensive cars in the world.


United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon speaks during a side event entitled: "Mayor's Focus Session: Cities' Response to Migration" at the the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, Tuesday, May 24, 2016.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's visit to his native South Korea this week has further fueled speculation that he may seek his country's top job next year, after his United Nations tenure ends.
"I'm returning back as a Korean on January 1, next year," the U.N. chief told South Korean journalists this week on the sidelines of the Jeju Forum for Peace and Prosperity. "What I ought to do as a Korean citizen, I will think about that then, and make a decision and seek advice if necessary," he said.
The ambiguous answer amplified media speculation in South Korea that Ban could make a run for the presidency, possibly on the ruling Saenuri Party ticket. The party has been down on its luck since losing its majority in the National Assembly in April, and fielding a respected candidate like Ban could boost its political fortunes.
"Most U.N. officials have long assumed that Ban is angling for the South Korean presidency," said Richard Gowan, a U.N. expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations.
Ban is very popular at home, where he does consistently well in polls of possible presidential contenders. He used to joke with U.N. reporters that he was the most famous South Korean until his compatriot, Psy, became a global YouTube sensation in 2012 with his Gangnam Style dance video.
As the world's top diplomat and with no shortage of crises on his plate, Ban's office has repeatedly dismissed suggestions that he is looking beyond December 31st.
"The secretary‑general has made it clear that his focus remains -- and will remain -- on his job as secretary‑general," his spokesperson Stephané Dujarric told reporters this week.
As U.N. chief, he has been very vocal on the issue of relations between the two Koreas, urging a return to dialogue.
"I welcome all efforts to move forward, and I stand ready as secretary-general of the United Nations, and also personally, to contribute in any way that might be helpful," he said Thursday in Jeju.
While in South Korea this week, local media reported that Ban attended a dinner hosted by Unification Minister Hong Yong-pyo. Several senior Saenuri party lawmakers reportedly were also present at the dinner.
"Some Korean analysts have argued in private that Ban might be too old and too conservative to represent their rapidly developing country, but with tensions on the peninsula high, he looks like a force for stability," Gowan said.
The U.N. chief will turn 72 next month. South Korean presidents are limited to a single five-year term. The next president will take office in February 2018.
Ban could face some stiff competition if he makes a run for the Blue House, the Korean presidential residence, said Charles Armstrong, professor of Korean studies at Columbia University.
"There are some strong potential candidates on the opposition side, including longtime candidate Moon Jae-in and former Seoul mayor Park Won-soon - who has not yet declared his intention to run - who might give Ban a tough fight were he to run on the conservative ticket," Armstrong said.
"Third-party candidate Ahn Cheol-soo could also be a strong contender, and potentially a spoiler in the presidential race," he added.
In general, it is notoriously hard to predict the outcome of Korean presidential elections, Armstrong notes. He also cites Ban's lack of political experience as a potential weakness.
Before taking over at the United Nations in 2007, Ban was South Korea's minister of foreign affairs and trade from 2004 to 2006, under President Roh Moo-hyun. As a career diplomat, he spent 37 years in the foreign ministry, with postings in New Delhi, Washington and Vienna.
If Ban seeks and wins his country's presidency, he would be the second former U.N. chief to do so. In 1986, Kurt Waldheim became president of Austria after serving as the world body's fourth secretary-general.


text:
import React from 'react';
import CaretakerRolesGateway from '../../data/CaretakerRoles/CaretakerRoles.gateway';
import UserGateway from '../../data/UserGateway';

export default container = (List) => class extends React.Component {
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    super();
    this.state = {
      caretakerRoles: [],
      userRoles: []
    };
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    const userRoles = UserGateway.getRoles();

    let newState = Object.assign({}, this.state);
    CaretakerRolesGateway.getAll().then(caretakerRoles => {
      newState.caretakerRoles = caretakerRoles;
      newState.userRoles = userRoles;
      this.setState(newState);
    });
  }

  userHasRole = (role) => {
    const words = this.state.userRoles.map(v => v.toLowerCase());
    return words.indexOf(role.toLowerCase()) >= 0;
  };

  render() {
    return <List
      isHelper={this.props.isHelper}
      caretakerRoles={this.state.caretakerRoles}
      userHasRole={this.userHasRole}
    />;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Prince George, Princess Charlotte have the most fun during the palace flypast
The little royals couldn't have been cuter as they watched the planes from a palace window.
July 11, 2018, 3:30 PM UTC / Source: TODAY
By Lindsay Lowe
Thousands of people gathered outside Buckingham Palace this week to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Royal Air Force, which included a military parade and a flypast over the palace.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge watched from the palace balcony, joined by other members of the royal family — but the littlest royals may have had the most fun of all!
So cute! WENN
Prince George, 4, and Princess Charlotte, 3, were spotted watching the parade and flypast from a window of Buckingham Palace, and they couldn't have been cuter.
George looked on with apparent amazement while little Charlotte playfully stuck her tongue out at the crowd.
Duke and Duchess of Sussex visit Ireland on first overseas trip
July 11, 201802:26
The children's nanny, Maria Teresa Turrion Borrallo, also watched, along with Duchess Kate's private secretary, Catherine Quinn.
This isn't the first time the little prince and princess have made a sweet appearance at the palace window. They were adorable as they watched the annual Trooping the Colour parade last summer (they've grown so much since then!).
The little royals peeked out a window of Buckingham Palace during the annual Trooping the Colour Parade in June 2017. Getty Images
Prince George also had a ball at the Trooping the Colour parade back in 2015, just after Charlotte was born.
Prince George excitedly watched the Trooping the Colour ceremony from a window in Buckingham Palace in 2015. Getty Images
But they clearly steal the show whether they're inside or outside! Just last month, they appeared on the Buckingham Palace balcony, joined by their older cousin, Savannah Phillips, and got into some silly antics, to the delight of royal watchers everywhere.
George and Charlotte were joined by their cousin Savannah Phillips on the balcony of Buckingham Palace during Trooping The Colour 2018. Samir Hussein / WireImage
These candid shots of the young royals couldn't be more adorable!
Royal family attends Royal Air Force 100th anniversary celebration


text:
United Arrows & Sons' Motofumi Kogi Talks Style
United Arrows & Sons' Poggy seamlessly blends street style with classics to create a signature look.
By Kelly Wetherille on December 6, 2015
Spotlight on AGR
The Top Men's Trends for Spring
Alexandre Plokhov's New Focus on Footwear
Motofumi Kogi, better known as Poggy, is the director of United Arrows & Sons, the men's floor of the famed Harajuku store United Arrows. He is also one of the most recognizable Japanese fashion figures, frequently photographed for street-style blogs such as The Sartorialist, and Jak and Jil. But unlike the many style "discoveries" — who seem to come and go in the blink of an eye — Poggy's influence endures.
This story first appeared in the December 2, 2015 issue of WWD. Subscribe Today.
After graduating from fashion school in his hometown, the city of Sapporo on Japan's northern island, Poggy struggled to find a job nearby. He had a friend who worked part time at a United Arrows store in Tokyo, so in 1997 when he heard the company was hiring, he traveled to Japan's capital for an interview.
Joining United Arrows brought about a style evolution for him. He had previously bought brands such as A Bathing Ape, Good Enough and Neighborhood, but now he started blending them with suits.
After about four years, he moved to the company's public relations department. As he came into contact with editors and stylists, Poggy began to see a shift in hip-hop style as people such as Kanye West, Pharrell Williams and Outkast began mixing traditional clothes into their wardrobes. Convinced the trend would hit Japan, Poggy wrote a proposal for a store, which the company accepted. He was appointed the director of the new men's boutique, Liquor, Woman & Tears, which carried brands as disparate as Supreme, Brunello Cucinelli, Etro and Jacob & Co. Despite collaborations with top brands and some very high-profile customers including West and Nas, the store was forced to close after the economic crisis of 2009. Poggy thinks that, for the time, it may have been a bit "too niche."
Undeterred, he worked on writing another proposal, United Arrows & Sons, which opened in the basement of the Harajuku store in 2010. Among his favorite labels today are Art Comes First, Porter, Nonnative, Sulvam, Kith and Pigalle.
Poggy's many buying trips abroad caused a further evolution in his personal style. He saw that when he visited showrooms or exhibitions, most people had never heard of United Arrows, and he found he was quickly forgotten. "At that time, in order for people in the hip-hop world to remember me, when I went to clubs I would purposely wear things like bow ties," he said.
Today, Poggy is known for his affinity for hats, which he wears every day. He buys many of his hats from 5525 Gallery and Readymade, both Japanese brands.
"I've always liked hats, but until about three years ago, I was wearing a lot of suits. In 2010, United Arrows started a brand called Mr. Bathing Ape with Nigo. We made suits that looked simple at first glance, but then maybe they would have a Bathing Ape print on the lining or something," he said. "And from then, little by little, I wanted to show my casual side as well." So he began incorporating hats into his daily routine.
In addition to his now signature look of mixing street influences with classic tailoring, he wears a lot of the pieces he designs for the United Arrows & Sons private label, which launched this year. Completely made in Japan, it incorporates traditional styles and production methods and mixes them with modern influences.
Poggy visits the U.S. about three times a year on buying trips, and Los Angeles has become one of his favorite places to visit. "In L.A. recently, there's this mix of street and luxury, a kind of post-luxury, and there are a lot of interesting brands," he said.
If he gets time to shop while abroad, Poggy says he enjoys visiting vintage stores. But aside from business, these days his trips are mainly filled by meeting people and getting together with friends and acquaintances.
"I used to go out every night and stay out until the morning. I would go to clubs and then take the ferry to Staten Island," he said. "Now I'm much older, so I don't go out as much." Back home in Tokyo, his free time is used to help coach his eight-year-old son's soccer team, despite knowing very little about the sport.
Poggy's next goal is to open a United Arrows & Sons store or shop-in-shop in either New York or L.A. He said he has had some interesting offers, but so far nothing has been decided. His overall goal for the brand, though, is a much broader one.
"I want people around the world who are into street fashion to wear jackets," he said.


text:
/** @addtogroup CMSIS
  * @{
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_system
  * @{
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_Includes
  * @{
  */

#include "stm32u5xx.h"
#include <math.h>

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_TypesDefinitions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_Defines
  * @{
  */

#if !defined  (HSE_VALUE)
  #define HSE_VALUE    16000000U /*!< Value of the External oscillator in Hz */
#endif /* HSE_VALUE */

#if !defined  (MSI_VALUE)
  #define MSI_VALUE    4000000U  /*!< Value of the Internal oscillator in Hz*/
#endif /* MSI_VALUE */

#if !defined  (HSI_VALUE)
  #define HSI_VALUE    16000000U /*!< Value of the Internal oscillator in Hz*/
#endif /* HSI_VALUE */

/************************* Miscellaneous Configuration ************************/
/*!< Uncomment the following line if you need to relocate your vector Table in
     Internal SRAM. */
/* #define VECT_TAB_SRAM */
#define VECT_TAB_OFFSET  0x00000000UL /*!< Vector Table base offset field.
                                   This value must be a multiple of 0x200. */
/******************************************************************************/

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_Macros
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_Variables
  * @{
  */
  /* The SystemCoreClock variable is updated in three ways:
      1) by calling CMSIS function SystemCoreClockUpdate()
      2) by calling HAL API function HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()
      3) each time HAL_RCC_ClockConfig() is called to configure the system clock frequency
         Note: If you use this function to configure the system clock; then there
               is no need to call the 2 first functions listed above, since SystemCoreClock
               variable is updated automatically.
  */
  uint32_t SystemCoreClock = 4000000U;

  const uint8_t  AHBPrescTable[16] = {0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U, 6U, 7U, 8U, 9U};
  const uint8_t  APBPrescTable[8] =  {0U, 0U, 0U, 0U, 1U, 2U, 3U, 4U};
  const uint32_t MSIRangeTable[16] = {48000000U,24000000U,16000000U,12000000U, 4000000U, 2000000U, 1500000U,\
                                      1000000U, 3072000U, 1536000U,1024000U, 768000U, 400000U, 200000U, 150000U, 100000U};
/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_FunctionPrototypes
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @addtogroup STM32U5xx_System_Private_Functions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Setup the microcontroller system.
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */

void SystemInit(void)
{
  /* FPU settings ------------------------------------------------------------*/
  #if (__FPU_PRESENT == 1) && (__FPU_USED == 1)
   SCB->CPACR |= ((3UL << 20U)|(3UL << 22U));  /* set CP10 and CP11 Full Access */
  #endif

  /* Reset the RCC clock configuration to the default reset state ------------*/
  /* Set MSION bit */
  RCC->CR = RCC_CR_MSISON;

  /* Reset CFGR register */
  RCC->CFGR1 = 0U;
  RCC->CFGR2 = 0U;
  RCC->CFGR3 = 0U;

  /* Reset HSEON, CSSON , HSION, PLLxON bits */
  RCC->CR &= ~(RCC_CR_HSEON | RCC_CR_CSSON | RCC_CR_PLL1ON | RCC_CR_PLL2ON | RCC_CR_PLL3ON);

  /* Reset PLLCFGR register */
  RCC->PLL1CFGR = 0U;

  /* Reset HSEBYP bit */
  RCC->CR &= ~(RCC_CR_HSEBYP);

  /* Disable all interrupts */
  RCC->CIER = 0U;

  /* Configure the Vector Table location add offset address ------------------*/
  #ifdef VECT_TAB_SRAM
    SCB->VTOR = SRAM1_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal SRAM */
  #else
    SCB->VTOR = FLASH_BASE | VECT_TAB_OFFSET; /* Vector Table Relocation in Internal FLASH */
  #endif
}

/**
  * @brief  Update SystemCoreClock variable according to Clock Register Values.
  *         The SystemCoreClock variable contains the core clock (HCLK), it can
  *         be used by the user application to setup the SysTick timer or configure
  *         other parameters.
  *
  * @note   Each time the core clock (HCLK) changes, this function must be called
  *         to update SystemCoreClock variable value. Otherwise, any configuration
  *         based on this variable will be incorrect.
  *
  * @note   - The system frequency computed by this function is not the real
  *           frequency in the chip. It is calculated based on the predefined
  *           constant and the selected clock source:
  *
  *           - If SYSCLK source is MSI, SystemCoreClock will contain the MSI_VALUE(*)
  *
  *           - If SYSCLK source is HSI, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSI_VALUE(**)
  *
  *           - If SYSCLK source is HSE, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSE_VALUE(***)
  *
  *           - If SYSCLK source is PLL, SystemCoreClock will contain the HSE_VALUE(***)
  *             or HSI_VALUE(*) or MSI_VALUE(*) multiplied/divided by the PLL factors.
  *
  *         (*) MSI_VALUE is a constant defined in stm32u5xx_hal.h file (default value
  *             4 MHz) but the real value may vary depending on the variations
  *             in voltage and temperature.
  *
  *         (**) HSI_VALUE is a constant defined in stm32u5xx_hal.h file (default value
  *              16 MHz) but the real value may vary depending on the variations
  *              in voltage and temperature.
  *
  *         (***) HSE_VALUE is a constant defined in stm32u5xx_hal.h file (default value
  *              8 MHz), user has to ensure that HSE_VALUE is same as the real
  *              frequency of the crystal used. Otherwise, this function may
  *              have wrong result.
  *
  *         - The result of this function could be not correct when using fractional
  *           value for HSE crystal.
  *
  * @param  None
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemCoreClockUpdate(void)
{
  uint32_t pllr, pllsource, pllm , tmp, pllfracen, msirange;
  float_t fracn1, pllvco;

  /* Get MSI Range frequency--------------------------------------------------*/
  if(READ_BIT(RCC->ICSCR1, RCC_ICSCR1_MSIRGSEL) == 0U)
  {
    /* MSISRANGE from RCC_CSR applies */
    msirange = (RCC->CSR & RCC_CSR_MSISSRANGE) >> RCC_CSR_MSISSRANGE_Pos;
  }
  else
  {
    /* MSIRANGE from RCC_CR applies */
    msirange = (RCC->ICSCR1 & RCC_ICSCR1_MSISRANGE) >> RCC_ICSCR1_MSISRANGE_Pos;
  }

  /*MSI frequency range in HZ*/
  msirange = MSIRangeTable[msirange];

  /* Get SYSCLK source -------------------------------------------------------*/
  switch (RCC->CFGR1 & RCC_CFGR1_SWS)
  {
  case 0x00:  /* MSI used as system clock source */
    SystemCoreClock = msirange;
    break;

  case 0x04:  /* HSI used as system clock source */
    SystemCoreClock = HSI_VALUE;
    break;

  case 0x08:  /* HSE used as system clock source */
    SystemCoreClock = HSE_VALUE;
    break;

  case 0x0C:  /* PLL used as system clock source */
    /* PLL_VCO = (HSE_VALUE or HSI_VALUE or MSI_VALUE/ PLLM) * PLLN
    SYSCLK = PLL_VCO / PLLR
    */
    pllsource = (RCC->PLL1CFGR & RCC_PLL1CFGR_PLL1SRC);
    pllm = ((RCC->PLL1CFGR & RCC_PLL1CFGR_PLL1M)>> RCC_PLL1CFGR_PLL1M_Pos) + 1U;
    pllfracen = ((RCC->PLL1CFGR & RCC_PLL1CFGR_PLL1FRACEN)>>RCC_PLL1CFGR_PLL1FRACEN_Pos);
    fracn1 = (float_t)(uint32_t)(pllfracen* ((RCC->PLL1FRACR & RCC_PLL1FRACR_PLL1FRACN)>> RCC_PLL1FRACR_PLL1FRACN_Pos));

      switch (pllsource)
      {
      case 0x00:  /* No clock sent to PLL*/
        pllvco = (float_t)0U;
        break;

      case 0x02:  /* HSI used as PLL clock source */
        pllvco = ((float_t)HSI_VALUE / (float_t)pllm);
        break;

      case 0x03:  /* HSE used as PLL clock source */
        pllvco = ((float_t)HSE_VALUE / (float_t)pllm);
        break;

      default:    /* MSI used as PLL clock source */
        pllvco = ((float_t)msirange / (float_t)pllm);
        break;
      }

      pllvco = pllvco * ((float_t)(uint32_t)(RCC->PLL1DIVR & RCC_PLL1DIVR_PLL1N) + (fracn1/(float_t)0x2000) + (float_t)1U);
      pllr = (((RCC->PLL1DIVR & RCC_PLL1DIVR_PLL1R) >> RCC_PLL1DIVR_PLL1R_Pos) + 1U );
      SystemCoreClock = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)pllvco/pllr);
      break;

  default:
    SystemCoreClock = msirange;
    break;
  }
  /* Compute HCLK clock frequency --------------------------------------------*/
  /* Get HCLK prescaler */
  tmp = AHBPrescTable[((RCC->CFGR2 & RCC_CFGR2_HPRE) >> RCC_CFGR2_HPRE_Pos)];
  /* HCLK clock frequency */
  SystemCoreClock >>= tmp;
}

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/**
  * @}
  */


We can see what you can't. Protect yourself against unexpected cost with a pre purchase vehicle inspection.
You have worked hard and are about to invest your money in a new vehicle. The last thing you want to experience is a problem or defect with your newly purchased vehicle. Peninsula Automotive offers a multi-point pre or post car purchase inspection in order to advise you of any potential repair problems with your new vehicle.


Former LSU pitcher Nolan Cain was promoted to assistant coach/recruiting coordinator in November 2016 after working for one season as the Tigers' volunteer coach and for two seasons as coordinator of operations.
During Cain's five seasons on the LSU staff, the Tigers have earned four NCAA Tournament National Seeds, two College World Series appearances, three NCAA Regional titles, two SEC championships, two SEC Western Division titles and two SEC Tournament crowns.
Cain, 32, who also serves as LSU's third-base coach and catchers coach, manages all aspects of the Tigers' recruiting process. His 2018 recruiting class was ranked No. 1 in the nation by both Baseball America magazine and by Collegiate Baseball newspaper. Collegiate Baseball rated Cain's 2017 LSU class No. 5 in the country.
Cain, a reliever on LSU's 2009 national championship team, has handled a number of responsibilities with the baseball program, including team travel, budgeting, community relations and the operation of the Paul Mainieri LSU Baseball Camp.
Cain made 73 career relief appearances for the Tigers in four seasons (2006-09). The right-hander was a physical presence on the mound with solid fastball and an excellent breaking pitch. He received his LSU degree in May 2009 and pitched in the minor leagues after signing a free agent contract with the Detroit Tigers in June 2009.
Cain, a native of Cantonment, Fla., helped lead LSU to the '09 national title, making 19 appearances on the mound while recording a 5-0 mark and a 4.01 ERA in 33.2 innings with 10 walks and 38 strikeouts. He provided an excellent relief outing in Game 2 of the College World Series Finals versus Texas, firing 3.1 shutout innings with four strikeouts.
Cain and his wife, the former Kristen Hobbs, have a son, Cason, and a daughter, Ryann. Kristen played softball at LSU from 2004-07 and now works as the Special Events and Community Relations Coordinator for the LSU athletic department.


Seventeen-year-old Charlie struggles to find the words to be true to himself - and his best friend.
Written and performed by Kim Ho, The Language of Love is a wry, sensitive and moving comedy-drama of a young man coming to terms with his sexuality. The film was a viral hit when released and has amassed over 1.5 million views in English, French, Chinese and Spanish.


Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI) has identified poor concreting as a major cause of collapse of buildings in Nigeria.
In a paper reviewing cases of building collapse recorded in 2011, Director General of NBRRI, Danladi Slim Matawal, noted that the manner of collapse where in most cases the structures and loads came down without prior warning and the deformation movements so fast with no time to evacuate, is an indication of improper concreting.
He further noted that 70 percent, 23.3 percent and 6.7 percent of collapse buildings belong to private, public and corporate organisations, respectively.
Matawal said notwithstanding other factors that may have precipitated the collapse, such as deficiencies of foundations, columns, beams or other structural elements and use of inferior materials, the sudden failure of the structures denoted that there was poor concreting on the various sites.
'There is clear evidence that the reinforcement for all structural elements (floors, beams and columns) had dissociated from the concrete during demolition. Expert opinion is that this is evidence of poor concreting i.e. lack of bond between steel and concrete. The inspection also reveals that coarse aggregate size as large as 40mm may have been used in the batching process.
'In NBRRI investigations, there has been no convincing evidence to suggest that structural designs were lacking though in most of the situations, especially in Lagos and Enugu, it was a risk to the lives of our resource personnel to insist on obtaining these documents.
'Nonetheless, it is important to emphasize that care should be taken not only to ensure that there should be structural designs for each project, but also to request that all ultimate and serviceability limit states are properly checked and complied with.
'Site supervision on construction sites is both a professionally mandatory function as well as a regulatory role. It is very important that site supervision should be taken seriously on all sites. Thus the town planning and/or development control authorities should insist that all mandatory documents necessary for the successful execution of a project are made available before the commencement of construction and that proper supervision machinery is set up on every site.
'In the projects that NBRRI has visited as a result of failures, there were no project sign boards to state name of project, the client, the architects, the structural engineers, and the quantity surveyors. It is therefore very safe to say that there was no supervision which would have corrected anomalous designs and ensure that all design specifications are implemented on site.
'In nature generally, failures could happen due to faulty construction sequence, scaffolding and formwork faults and early striking of formwork, extra-ordinary loads and unexpected failures. Failures can also be due to a combination of reasons of known causes like design faults, foundation incapacities, etc. The issue of faulty construction is noteworthy because so many structures in Nigeria are standing not because they are technically safe but because the block-work, rather than the structural framing, is helping them to stand.
'Apart from huge corporate organisations that employ well-trained professionals to design and supervise their constructions, private individuals and many government departments and arms of government (like local and state governments) don't consult appropriate professionals and where there is design, no supervision is available to ensure that implementation is well done.


The Office of Innovation and Data Management works to improve city government management and functions through use of data and technology. OIDM works to make city government more efficient, effective and responsive both internally within and between departments, and externally between those departments and the residents who live and work within City borders. As the home of Revere 311, OIDM seeks to improve the relationship that Revere residents have with Revere city government.
Seek opportunities for innovation and launch initiatives bringing technological solutions to improve government performance.
Work closely with departments to implement systems and technology changes with cooperation and collaboration of department staff.
Improve city services through 311 performance, including being available and accessible to constituents, working closely with departmental staff to communicate requests, and serving as a resource for following through on requests that are made.
Opened the Revere 311 office.
Taking in about 300 service requests and 1500 calls per month.
Maintained a closure rate of 90% of 311 Service Requests.
Relaunch of a new DPW work order system.
Set up a DPW snow contractor GPS device tracking system.
Worked with Building Department to launch Electronic Permitting.
Worked with and managed the consultants at the UMass Boston Collins Center for Public Management on the five-year Capital Improvement Plan, performance management meetings, epermitting, HR study, and 311 launch.
Expansion of DPW Work Order System to a full asset management and invoice control system.
To fully integrate the DPW Work Order system with the 311 service request system.
To expand epermitting to the health department, fire department, DPW, City Clerk, Licensing Commission, Elections and Assessing Office, and to fully integration epermitting with 311.
To add a survey feature to 311 results.
Launch a publicly-available 311 data dashboard.
Seek new innovation opportunities, such as app-based trash and alert app, leak detection improvement, financial system improvements, making procurement processes available online, and more.
75% positive survey results for those who utilize 311.
To double the number of monthly 311 calls.
Fewer than 20% of calls to 311 transferred.
Eliminate most Paper Only forms, by bringing all forms currently on the City of Revere website to an online fillable solution.


Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to mediate nonadrenergic-noncholinergic relaxation in gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle cells. As GI smooth muscles relaxations are partly dependent on NO, we decided to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the longitudinal muscle contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum. Increasing concentrations of SNP (10(-10)M, 10(-9)M, 10(-8)M, 10(-7)M, 10(-6)M and 10(-5)M) reduced ileum contractions stimulated by electrical stimulation (ES) (8-76%; p < 0.05) and by acetylcholine (Ach) (23-62%; p < 0.05) significantly and in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment with an inhibitor of the soluble guanylate cyclase, methylene blue (10 mM), antagonized significantly the relaxing effect of SNP (0-39%; p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 for ES- and 4-27%; p < 0.05 for Ach-induced contractions). The results show that treatment with 1 mu M manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and 10 mu M L-arginine (L-arg) caused a significant decrease in SNP induced relaxations (6-55%; p < 0.05, p < 0.001 and 2-46%; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 for ES- and 15-28%; p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and 12-32%; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 for Ach-induced contractions, respectively). In conclusion, our data suggest that SNP, which releases NO, is able to depress longitudinal muscle contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum, suggesting that exogenous application of NO inhibits intestinal contractions of smooth muscle cells and that cGMP mediates the response to NO. In addition, MnSOD and L-arg decreased the relaxing effect of SNP on the isolated ileum of the guinea pig.


I absolutely adored this book! I went into it having no idea what to expect, but a little reluctant because it is on the longer side and I didn't want to end up bored by it. By the time I finished all I could think is I need more. Lucky for me this is the first book in a series and I know at least one has already been released so I will have more and soon. This book was completely unique and compelling. I have never read anything quite like it and that is really saying something in a world of bazillions of young adult paranormal books. I've read quite a few Disney-Hyperion young adult paranormal/fantasy books lately and I have yet to be disappointed in anything I've read from them. It's starting to get to the point where I will automatically read any of their young adult books, no questions asked.
This is the story of Renee, a seemingly normal girl living in California. One day when driving back from a day out with her best friend she notices her parents' car abandoned on the side of the road. Drawn by some unknown force she walks out into the forest until she comes upon both of her parents dead. They are surrounded by coins and bits of gauze, some of the gauze in their mouths. Their deaths are ruled as deaths by natural causes. They both have died of what appear to be heart attacks. Renee is crushed by their deaths and even more crushed when her estranged grandfather comes to take her away. He takes her to the Gottfried Academy in Maine where she soon learns her parents both attended. The school is very remote and incredibly strange. Her classes are very classical in nature and the students are all a bit on the odd side. The whole school has a creepy feel to it. She soon meets Dante, a mysterious boy that is drop dead gorgeous and who has suffered a tragedy of his own. Every girl loves him, but he doesn't talk to anyone until he meets Renee. They have an instant connection that goes beyond anything normal or natural. They also both start to realize that they have had some very similar experiences and that there appear to be many coincidences between the two of them. Renee grows to really love the school and Dante, but she begins to uncover dark secrets about herself, the school, her family, and Dante that begin to make things very dangerous for her.
The thing I enjoyed most about this book is the atmosphere Woon creates throughout the whole story. There is an eery feel to the book. When reading the story you not only understand Gottfried and the creepy things that occur, but you also feel them through Woon's writing style and beautifully crafted words and descriptions.Woon has a rare gift. I have read only one or two other books that so enraptured me and wrapped me up into the world of the book so completely. I cannot wait to read the next books in this series. This book went so far as to give me chills while reading it.
The plot was also so unique and unlike any story I've read before. I cannot go into it too much because part of the fun of reading this book is slowly unraveling what is really going on and the mystery behind everything. But it is one of those all too rare books where the plot is completely unpredictable and impossible to figure out without finishing the book. It isn't just another story about vampires or fae or were creatures, but a whole new kind of mythology. These completely new and unique mythologies are too few and far between, but this is most definitely one of them.
Like I said this book is on the longer side, but I ended up reading it very quickly. Once you get into it you will not be able to stop reading. I kept trying to pin the plot and mythology down to one I already knew, but to no avail. This book is perfection. I have completely fallen in love with Dante and adore Renee and her open-mindedness and free-spirited personality. The plot is an all new and unique mythology and world. The writing is flawless. I just cannot stress enough how cool Woon's writing is. Her writing is as much a part of the story as the plot or characters. This book made me cry, scared the crap out of me, and made me laugh at times (Renee's roommate is a hoot). I'm giving this book 5 out of 5 stars and I believe it deserves every one of them whole-heartedly.


text:
What should the media learn from the coronavirus?
Covid-19 exposed weaknesses in our media ecosystem. Can we fix them?
By Ezra Klein@ezraklein May 1, 2020, 11:00am EDT
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President Trump speaks to members of the press during a press briefing at the White House on April 23.
Jabin Botsford/The Washington Post via Getty Images
The coronavirus is "a nightmare scenario" for the media, wrote New York Times columnist Charlie Warzel. "It is stealthy, resilient and confounding to experts. It moves far faster than scientists can study it. What seems to be true today may be wrong tomorrow."
Warzel is right. We've talked a lot in recent years about fake news. But combating information we know is false is a straightforward problem compared to covering a story where we don't know what's true, and where yesterday's expert consensus becomes tomorrow's derided falsehoods. In these cases, the normal tools of journalism begin to fail, and trust is easily lost.
There's been a lot of criticism of what the media missed in the run-up to the coronavirus. Some of it has been unfair. But some of it demands attention, reflection, and change. There's also a lot the media got right, and those successes need to be celebrated and learned from.
The questions raised in this interview are hard, and go to one of the trickiest issues in journalism: How does a profession that prides itself on reporting truth cover the world probabilistically? What do we do when we simply can't know what's true, and when some of what we think we know might become untrue?
Warzel covers the way technology, information, and media interact with and change each other. He's one of the people I turn to first when I'm churning over these questions, which is … not infrequent. And so this episode of The Ezra Klein Show is a bit different than the normal fare: This is less an interview-with-an-expert, and more the kind of conversation that I — and others in the media — am having a lot of right now, and that I think we at least need to try and have in public.
Here's a lightly edited transcript of part of our conversation, which we released this week on The Ezra Klein Show.
You wrote that "the coronavirus emerges in the middle of a golden age of media manipulation. It's resilient and stealthy and confounding to experts. And it moves faster than scientists can study it: what seems true today can be wrong tomorrow."
It's the worst possible situation for the media because the way you might normally do your reporting begins to break down, and what you somehow need to be doing is probabilistic reporting. But we don't really have good models for that, so it creates a trust crisis.
I think face masks are a good example because that's somewhere where all kinds of media organizations were talking to the CDC and the US surgeon general and everybody said: Face masks are not that effective, they're more trouble than they're worth, we should save them for nurses and others. Then, midway through this crisis, they reversed that guidance to some degree. That's a real problem for the media because we were trying to be accurate and what we were being told wasn't accurate. Nobody wants to second guess the CDC on face masks, but that stuff does real damage in the long run to people's faith in us.
What went wrong with the media's coronavirus coverage?
Charlie Warzel
I think it's true. A month ago, there's the sort of unthinkable moment where the American health care system looks like it might possibly explode. And there was this real backlash against the media — and it was founded.
I did a lot of soul searching in that moment as someone who covers technology, media, politics. I've never been a science reporter or someone who's covered infectious diseases. But should I have seen this coming in some way? Should I have been paying more attention to this global issue, or to global issues in general? Should I always be paying 10 percent more attention to what is happening in China? And, if so, how would that have informed the way that I would have thought about this crisis in January and early February — before it really became real to me as the biggest story in the world?
I think you're right to focus on [face masks] because I don't know what the answer is there. The type of reporting that anyone would do is to reach out to the government experts — to speak to the people who are in these positions of authority. If that system breaks down, I don't know what we're really supposed to do.
There's no good answer here, but I think this idea of probabilistic reporting is somewhere along the lines. The thing I've noticed from a media perspective is that there is sort of a realm of certainty around the framing of a story where you're saying, "You don't need to worry." It's framed and couched in an overly assured tone.
I think that when it comes to reporting on science or infectious disease — or probably even politics — the media needs to move a little bit toward embracing uncertainty. People want answers but they also want to be leveled with right now. I think generally that's how a sophisticated news consumption audience wants to be treated. Part of what we need to do is embrace some of that uncertainty and say, "here's what we know; here's what we don't know." We need to be a lot more vigilant about foregrounding what we don't know.
In February, Dr. Anthony Fauci was still saying the risk from the coronavirus to the US was "minuscule." We assumed that the people we were talking to really knew what was going on. Maybe we should have been more skeptical and said we just don't know that much here. On the other hand, it's really hard as a reporter to question what the five epidemiologists you just called are telling you.
Reporters deal all the time with stories that could become something huge — viruses that could become the next global pandemic or financial issues that could become the next financial crisis — and most of them don't. You become somewhat used to talking things down because you don't want to constantly seem like the news organization crying wolf. But if you're used to talking things down, and everything has a 5 percent or 2 percent or 1 percent probability of becoming the worst thing ever, then eventually you're going to roll snake eyes.
This is something I am really struggling with. I keep thinking about how do I cover things more probabilistically without somehow substituting expertise for things I don't actually have expertise in.
I think that this is going to be a moment in a lot of our lives that will change the way in which we think about risk and resiliency, especially in industries like ours where there is either a future casting element or an assessment of risk and severity that we're constantly making. I think some of the problem here has to do with the fact that we haven't had a pandemic like this in a lifetime of people. There aren't a lot of people alive who went through 1918 to loudly ring an alarm bell.
If you're somebody who is constantly assessing risk and resiliency and thinking about the interconnected ways in which our systems work globally and are reliant on each other, then you might have rung the alarm bell a little bit earlier. I actually think that's a reason why a lot of people in Silicon Valley are some of the people who took it really seriously early. You had some venture capitalists in the valley who banned handshakes [in early February].
Those types of people are always assessing the probability of 1 or 2 percent and the type of returns you can get from that. That's the tech investor strategy. But that's not necessarily the way you would want the press to act.
I think a lot about the idea that we're also competing within information ecosystems. You're competing for attention and eyeballs, and it's very difficult to turn probabilistic, incredibly hedged, nuanced ideas into something that can get in front of people. It's always been in our nature, in the press to get important work out to people. And sometimes [to do that] you have to frame things in a way that couches some of the nuance.
That's a long way of saying, I think that we should constantly be reckoning, as people of the press, with what we're doing right and wrong.
You can listen to the full episode by subscribing to The Ezra Klein Show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts.


I have a love for the works that Alexandra Bracken comes out with. I fell in love with her Darkest Mind trilogy and even though I still have yet to finish the final book (I know, I know, I am trying to fix it) I had to stop everything I was doing so I could get a head start on this book. And let me tell you, if you are a fan of the Darkest Minds, you will soon fall in love again. Be prepared to go on an adventure that once you start it will be hard to come back.
I felt that this has to be a little better than her other books. Not hating on her books but in all honesty I did think that this book was more thought out. Everything felt structured, the plot flowed, and the overall story was just impeccable.
As for the characters, Etta is a strong female protagonist who is just a likable character. I connected with her in a way that I have been missing with in some of the books I have been reading. Etta is the character to pull me out of my slump. Nicholas is an interesting male character. He has the ability to accomplish anything that he sets his mind too. These two characters just fit together perfectly like a puzzle and their chemistry was a set match.
As a forthcoming novel, this is one that totally needs to be added to your list of books to be read in the upcoming year. Alexandra Bracken tells a story depicting the history, the culture, and the world of sort that will surely capture your heart. A terrific read to finish off the year.


In past decades Japanese companies made a lot more models for just its own market. Aside from some items that use something specific in Japan (like radios that cover Japan's idiosyncratic FM spectrum) , today for items like cameras models are generally made for a world market - so you'd actually find it very hard to find a camera that wouldn't have an English menu.
More importantly though is the item price and features that you are looking for. If you are coming from Australia or the EU for example, you'll probably find Japanese prices appealing. But if from the US you'll probably find the same item cheaper where you are and not in Japan.
There are some other good reasons to buy the camera before you get to Japan. The first is that learning to use a camera on the fly is not the best way to do things - and you will have a higher probability of taking bad pictures as you learn how to use the camera while you go along. If you get used to the camera before your trip, you will have less frustration and not waste time.
Another reason is that if you buy the camera in Japan and there is a problem, the warranty is likely only valid in Japan. There are international models, but those are generally more expensive.
One suggestion I would give is that you not only consider photos, but also take some good video as well. To capture the sights and sounds of an area can be so much better than just a snapshot. For better future proofing, you might want a camera that takes 4K video for stunning clarity. You'll need the appropriate SD memory card also (the UHS 3 type).
If you really want a model to look at, there is the Panasonic Lumix DC-ZS70 (a.k.a. in some countries the TZ90) for example, or if you want something with an even better sensor, there is the Panasonic LX100. Sony also makes some very good cameras as well.


text:
Lovely Parting Gift
General | By Lisa | November 4, 2008 November 4, 2008
My bosses at 680 News bestowed some terrific things on me as I exited on Friday. A massive bouquet of flowers and a generous gift certificate for Fredas were among them. But I'm having the most fun with the new internet radio.
This gizmo isn't to be confused with satellite radio. It looks a bit like a complicated radio but it's so easy to use, well, I set it up after a brief glance at the manual. You turn it on, anywhere in your house, and it wirelessly taps into your Internet connection. There's nothing to configure or patch or program. It hunts down the connection in a few seconds and gives you every station that's broadcasting on the Internet.
Like everything else on the web, there's quality and there's crap. You can choose from any station with a web stream to a net-only mix broadcasting out of some guy's basement in Boston. (He's awful, by the way.) I made my gizmo scan for 70's music and it found hundreds of stations. Want to listen to something from Canada? 512 Canadian stations came up. It will find any country, any type of music – and it does so in seconds. If a song comes on that makes me want to hurl, anything by Johnny Mathis for example, I click a button for it to search again and choose another station. I'm totally hooked!
This model is made by Sanyo. Marketwatch says it retails for around $219.99.


We are pleased to introduce, Multi Crew Experience, an add-on to award winning Flight Simulator software for X-Plane. By combining different technologies, we aim to add that little bit of excitement to the overall flight simulation experience.
Whether you are a flight simulator enthusiast, looking for more realism, real pilots temporarily grounded due to economic downturn, or simply want to enjoy what the product has to offer; we believe you will find a purpose to this outstanding application. At the core of the product, is the use of speech recognition technology. This is a product that will give you the opportunity for a Multi Crew Experience. You will never fly those heavies alone again.
Talk to ATC and more!
Works across a wide range of systems, Windows 8, Windows 7, Vista or Windows XP, 32 or 64 Bit, English or foreign editions, for Laminar Research X-Plane.
It's feature rich, and provides the ultimate Multi Crew Experience.
It runs outside the simulator. There is no chance of spoiling a very long flight due to a bad voice command.
We write as much code as we can, so that we don't have to blame third party plug-ins when things don't go as planned.
You don't need a quad core machine to run it. It is very lean and mean with system resources.
It's based on real talk, and you'll hardly need to read the manual to get started. Very high flexibility with regards the way you speak the various commands.
It comes with a professionally designed installer that will get you up and running in minutes.
One to one support via e-mail.
MCE is fully multi-threaded. Sounds simple. But it's a hell of a job to create a reliable multi-threaded application. In practice, it allows you to change a command you have given on the fly, not to mention providing better responsiveness.


text:
Q: Add to list if not already in list, change elements in list (PROLOG) I am new to Prolog and I am trying to write a function that checks to see if a given key is in a list; if it is, it will increment the value in the list, otherwise it will append to the end of the list. Here is my code so far.
placeKey( Key, []       , List2 ) :- append(Key,[], List2).  %base case: append to empty list
placeKey( Key, [K|Rest] , List2 ) :-  %If front entry isnt the one we want then continue on the rest
  Key \= K ,
  put( Key ,Rest,List2).
placeKey(Key,[Key|Rest], List2):- %how to update item value?

However, this just returns a single list when the item isnt in the given list, and I don't even know how to approach the problem of actually changing the item in the list. Any help would be appreciated!

A: I would use pattern matching instead of 'commands' to solve the task:
placeKey(Key, [], [Key]).
placeKey(Key, [K|Rest], [K|List2]) :- Key \= K, placeKey(Key, Rest, List2).
...

A: There are a couple of ways to include a "key value". One is to use a key-value pair with the hyphen functor. I'll steal borrow liberally from CapelliC's excellent answer to the base question and add in the key tabulation logic:
% Key not present, then it goes in with count 1
place_key(Key, [], [Key-1]).

% Key is at the head, then it's included in the new list with incremented count
% and the rest of the list is unchanged
place_key(Key, [Key-V|Rest], [Key-V1|Rest]) :-
    V1 is V+1.

% Current head is not the key, so it's just copied over and the rest
% of the list is processed
place_key(Key, [K-V|Rest], [K-V|List2]) :-
    Key \= K,
    place_key(Key, Rest, List2).

So, for example:
| ?- place_key(x, [], L).

L = [x-1] ? ;

no
| ?- place_key(x, [x-2,y-3,z-1], L).

L = [x-3,y-3,z-1] ? ;

no
| ?- place_key(w,[x-2,y-3,z-1], L).

L = [x-2,y-3,z-1,w-1] ? ;

no

One nice aspect of the key-value format is that ISO Prolog defines a predicate, keysort/2 that recognizes it.
| ?- place_key(q,[x-2,y-3,z-1], L), keysort(L, LX).

L = [x-2,y-3,z-1,q-1]
LX = [q-1,x-2,y-3,z-1] ? ;  % List sorted by key

no
| ?-

You can also do this using sublists of two elements ([Key,Value]) which might be the original intention, although it wasn't clear. The above logic is easily adapted to this format, if desired. (Everywhere you have K-V pattern, replace it with [K,V].) And if you do a list sort on such a list, it will still sort by key:
| ?- sort([[c,1],[x,4],[d,5],[a,6],[m,2]], L).

L = [[a,6],[c,1],[d,5],[m,2],[x,4]]

yes
| ?-

A: Something like this?
This uses a tuple of the form Key/Count to represent each list item.
add_or_increment( Dict , K , Updated ) :-     % to add or increment a tuple in a dictionary-like list
  nonvar(K) ,                                 % - the key must be bound.
  append( Prefix , [K/N|Suffix] , Dict ) ,    % - use the key to find the tuple in the list.
  ! ,                                         % - eliminate the choice point.
  M is N+1 ,                                  % - increment the count
  append( Prefix , [K/M|Suffix] , Updated )   % - construct the updated list
  .                                           % - Easy!
add_or_increment( Dict , K , [K/1|Dict] ) :-  % otherwise, just prepend the key to the source list to create the updated list
  nonvar(K)                                   % - assuming, of course, that the key is bound.
  .                                           % - Even easier!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine classified as an atypical or second-generation antipsychotic agent. The second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 90s and quickly widespread due to the presumed higher efficacy, less extrapyramidal side effects and fewer drug-drug interactions. Olanzapine presents a very close resemblance to clozapine and it only differs by two additional methyl groups and the absence of a chloride moiety. It was obtained by the research of Eli Lilly and approved to be marketed in the US in 1996.
Olanzapine was initially used orally and intramuscularly for the chronic treatment of schizophrenia in patients over 13 years old and other psychiatric disorders such as bipolar I disorder including mixed or manic episodes.
As well, olanzapine is indicated, in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of episodes of depression associated with bipolar disorder type 1 and treatment-resistant depression in patients over 10 years old.
Schizophrenia is a complex biochemical brain disorder that affects the person's ability to differentiate reality. It is usually observed as the presence of delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal and disturbed thinking.
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition defined by periods of extreme mood disturbances. It is categorized in different types from which type 1 is known to involve episodes of severe mania and often depression while type 2 presents less severe forms of mania.
The effect of olanzapine in the D2 receptor is reported to produce the positive effects of this drug such as a decrease in hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized thought, and disorganized behavior. On the other hand, its effect on the serotonin 5HT2A receptor prevents the onset of anhedonia, flat affect, alogia, avolition and poor attention. Based on the specific mechanism of action, olanzapine presents a higher affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor when compared to the rest of the dopamine receptor isotypes. This characteristic significantly reduces the presence of side effects.
Clinical trials for the original use of olanzapine demonstrated significant effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in adults and acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder in adolescents.
The effect of olanzapine on dopamine and serotonin receptors has been suggested to reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting as those receptors are suggested to be involved in this process. For this effect, several clinical trials have been conducted and it has been shown that olanzapine can produce a significant increase in total control of nausea and vomiting. In a high-level study of the effect of olanzapine for this condition, a complete response on the delay phase was observed in 84% of the individual and control of emesis of over 80% despite the phase.
As abovementioned, olanzapine presents a wide profile of targets, however, its antagonistic effect towards the dopamine D2 receptor in the mesolimbic pathway is key as it blocks dopamine from having a potential action at the post-synaptic receptor. The binding of olanzapine to the dopamine D2 receptors is easily dissociable and hence, it allows for a certain degree of dopamine neurotransmission.
On the other hand, olanzapine acts in the serotonin 5HT2A receptors in the frontal cortex in a similar manner than the reported on dopamine D2 receptors. This determined effect allows for a decrease in adverse effects.
The absorption of olanzapine is not affected by the concomitant administration of food. The pharmacokinetic profile of olanzapine is characterized by reaching peak plasma concentration of 156.9 ng/ml approximately 6 hours after oral administration.
The volume of distribution of olanzapine is reported to be of 1000 liters which indicate a large distribution throughout the body.
Olanzapine is largely bound to plasma proteins and hence, about 93% of the administered dose is bound. The main proteins for binding are albumin and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.
Olanzapine is greatly metabolized in the liver, which represents around 40% of the administered dose, mainly by the activity of glucuronide enzymes and by the cytochrome P450 system. From the CYP system, the main metabolic enzymes are CYP1A2 and CYP2D6. As part of the phase I metabolism, the major circulating metabolites of olanzapine, accounting for approximate 50-60% of this phase, are the 10-N-glucuronide and the 4'-N-desmethyl olanzapine which are clinically inactive and formed by the activity of CYP1A2. On the other hand, CYP2D6 catalyzes the formation of 2-OH olanzapine and the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO3) is responsible for N-oxide olanzapine.
On the phase II metabolism of olanzapine, UGT1A4 is the key player by generating direct conjugation forms of olanzapine.
Olanzapine is mainly eliminated through metabolism and hence, only 7% of the eliminated drug can be found as the unchanged form. It is mainly excreted in the urine which represents around 53% of the excreted dose followed by the feces that represent about 30%.
Olanzapine presents a half-life ranging between 21 to 54 hours with an average half-life of 30 hours.
The mean clearance rate of olanzapine is of 29.4 L/hour however, some studies have reported an apparent clearance of 25 L/h.
The toxicity symptoms of olanzapine are known to include somnolence, mydriasis, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms and anticholinergic effects. The overdosage effects in children are generally associated with more significant side effects.
(R)-warfarin The metabolism of (R)-warfarin can be decreased when combined with Olanzapine.
(S)-Warfarin The metabolism of (S)-Warfarin can be decreased when combined with Olanzapine.
1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid The therapeutic efficacy of 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid can be increased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
1,10-Phenanthroline The therapeutic efficacy of Olanzapine can be decreased when used in combination with 1,10-Phenanthroline.
2,4-thiazolidinedione The therapeutic efficacy of 2,4-thiazolidinedione can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of Olanzapine can be decreased when used in combination with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine.
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of Olanzapine can be decreased when used in combination with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine.
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid The metabolism of 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid can be decreased when combined with Olanzapine.
3,5-Dinitrocatechol The therapeutic efficacy of 3,5-Dinitrocatechol can be decreased when used in combination with Olanzapine.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine The therapeutic efficacy of Olanzapine can be decreased when used in combination with 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine.
Current data regarding this enzyme inhibition is limited to in vitro studies, which is also indicated on the FDA label.