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Study protocol
Self-monitoring and psychoeducation in bipolar patients with a smart-phone application (SIMPLe) project: design, development and studies protocols
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei1,
Ainoa Mateu2,
María Reinares1,
Juan Undurraga1,3,
Caterina del Mar Bonnín1,
José Sánchez-Moreno1,
Eduard Vieta1 &
Francesc Colom1
BMC Psychiatry volume 15, Article number: 52 (2015) Cite this article
New technologies have recently been used for monitoring signs and symptoms of mental health illnesses and particularly have been tested to improve the outcomes in bipolar disorders. Web-based psychoeducational programs for bipolar disorders have also been implemented, yet to our knowledge, none of them have integrated both approaches in one single intervention. The aim of this project is to develop and validate a smartphone application to monitor symptoms and signs and empower the self-management of bipolar disorder, offering customized embedded psychoeducation contents, in order to identify early symptoms and prevent relapses and hospitalizations.
Methods/design
The project will be carried out in three complementary phases, which will include a feasibility study (first phase), a qualitative study (second phase) and a randomized controlled trial (third phase) comparing the smartphone application (SIMPLe) on top of treatment as usual with treatment as usual alone. During the first phase, feasibility and satisfaction will be assessed with the application usage log data and with an electronic survey. Focus groups will be conducted and technical improvements will be incorporated at the second phase. Finally, at the third phase, survival analysis with multivariate data analysis will be performed and relationships between socio-demographic, clinical variables and assessments scores with relapses in each group will be explored.
This project could result in a highly available, user-friendly and not costly monitoring and psychoeducational intervention that could improve the outcome of people suffering from bipolar disorders in a practical and secure way.
Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02258711 (October 2014).
Bipolar disorder is a frequent condition in the general population with a high morbimortality [1]. It is characterized by dysfunctional episodic fluctuations between different mood phases ranging from depression to manic episodes with patients presenting frequent interepisodic subsyndromal symptoms. Frequently, people with this condition have a lack of insight about their diagnosis and symptoms, especially regarding manic phases, which leads to poor prognosis [2,3].
Besides the pharmacological treatment, adjunctive psychological interventions have shown to improve the long-term outcome of the disorder [4], although, taking into account the limited resources currently available, their extended implementation is still difficult and costly [5].
Among psychotherapeutic interventions, psychoeducational programs have proven to be cost-effective in helping patients recognize early signs or symptoms and adopt behavioral measures to prevent full-blown episodes which are frequently associated with a high morbidity and more hospital admissions [6,7]. Accordingly, there is an increased need to make this intervention more widely available, without compromising its quality [4].
On the other hand, the wide use and availability of new technologies such as the Internet have been successfully adopted in mental health contexts. Using these technologies in patient's assessments and interventions have proved their efficacy and reliability as well as their good acceptability from the patient's perspective [8,9]. The potential improvement in accessibility to healthcare in patients with disabilities or patients living in rural or other remote areas (i.e. telemental health), as well as the lower costs when compared to conventional interventions, makes them an attractive complement to standard treatment [10-13].
Furthermore, the progressively reduced costs and consequent widespread accessibility to mobile phones with internet connection (smartphones) opens an unlimited number of opportunities to the mental health field. In industrialized countries, these devices have become a very popular way of interacting with each other and with the environment. As an example, in Spain, a recent study of the National Institute of Statistics revealed that almost 70% of the population have internet access and in the majority, through a mobile device [14]. This is a growing phenomenon and includes developing countries as well. According to eMarketer Inc., a company which studies technology market trends, by 2017 one-third of all the population around the globe will be using a smartphone [15].
In addition, the constant improvement of portability and benefits of mobile devices allows the quick and continuous collection of relevant users' information at a low-cost. Data on subject's activity and interests, through embedded sensors and mobile usage patterns respectively, are collected and complemented with information from other digital services such as social networks, e-mails and internet search patterns. All this information that has been denominated "big data" are integrated, analyzed by data mining and results are used to determine individual user behavior and interests patterns by predictive analytics, which now are commonly used for commercial purposes [16]. Accordingly, there is an increasing interest in medicine and especially in mental health to explore the possibilities and potential applications of this underutilized data [17-20].
The potential of the great amount of data collected by the patient's smartphones, its analysis and potential applications in treatment interventions are leading the way to the (so-called) "Personalized Medicine" era. Given the diverse types of presentations, course and response to treatments in mental disorders, including new technologies has long been promoted as the obligatory next step in different medical disciplines, and especially in psychiatry [21-24]. However, one major concern about this approach is the potential threats to patient's privacy and consequent utilization of this data with others intends, if it is transmitted, processed or stored insecurely [25,26].
Several projects have tested the benefits of these new technologies for the treatment of bipolar and psychotic disorders using either online monitoring of signs and symptoms [27,28] or web-based psychoeducational programs [29-32], yet to our knowledge, none of them have integrated both approaches in one single intervention.
The current technology available makes technically easier to integrate into patient's life a comfortable, simple, time-unconstrained, user-friendly, economical and non-invasive method of registering and monitoring relevant signs and symptoms and provide continuous self-management psychoeducational contents tailored to the specific needs of each individual on the basis of these data registered on their own smartphones [33]. Additionally, this approach could contribute to better understand the pathoetiology as well as prodromal behavior patterns prior to a relapse in bipolar disorders, integrating objective and subjective data with other clinical correlates [17].
We hypothesized that, combining a signs and symptoms monitoring system with continuous feeds of tailored psychoeducational in a single smartphone application as an adjunctive intervention to usual treatment, would add efficacy in preventing relapses, suicide attempts and health resources consumption in bipolar patients improving their overall prognosis.
The aim of this study is to develop and clinically validate a smartphone application to monitor symptoms and signs in bipolar patients, offering customized embedded psychoeducation contents and empower the self-management of their disorder in order to prevent relapses and hospitalizations. Secondary objectives are to explore other clinical benefits among the smartphone application users such as improvements in biological rhythms, manic/hypomanic and depressive symptoms, quality of life, suicide attempts and pharmacological treatment adherence.
Methods and design
Given the incipient nature of the field, we adopted an eclectic approach considering and combining multiple guidelines and recommendations about developing internet and mobile interventions for mental health [34-36]. In order to consider technical aspects and an adequate clinical validation while including patients preferences and safety along the process, it was determined that the project will be carried out in three complementary phases, which will include two clinical studies. The studies will follow the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines to describe, report and publish the results [37] (Figure 1).
The figure shows a flowchart of the SIMPLe project phases (left) and their expected duration (right). *Current status of the study. TAU = Treatment as usual.
During one year (May 2013 to May 2014) a collaborative team of specialists in bipolar disorder (psychiatrists and psychologists from the Bipolar Disorders Program of the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona) and software engineers as well as graphical designers held periodical meetings in order to determine the design of an online tool to monitor and register signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder and offer personalized psychoeducation contents. At the end of this process, the team resolved to develop a smartphone application with the following characteristics: user-friendly, non-stigmatizing and sensitive enough to detect mood changes in order to give customized psychoeducational feedback based on an existing psychoeducation group treatment manual [38], which has been previously tested by the Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program [6].
Several evidence-based methods for self-mood assessment were considered taking into account the aims of the project. We chose 5 daily key questions balancing sensitivity and privacy, which are intended to be answered in a few seconds with the aid of an animated graphical interface (i.e. mood, energy, sleep time, irritability and medication adherence). If a relevant mood change is detected by means of an algorithm that takes into consideration the previous week mean score of the daily test, the user is requested to answer a more comprehensive second test based on the DSM-5 [39] criteria for mania, hypomania or depression, along with some extra questions regarding substance use and suicide risk. If the patient gives an affirmative answer to the question that explores suicidal ideation, an automatic e-mail message is sent to the mental healthcare team and in addition, an immediate call to emergency services is offered. Otherwise, if the subject is stable during their daily assessments, this DSM5 based test is requested to be answered only once a week.
Furthermore, the application will give feedback with a graphic showing daily mood changes and the user will be able to review the results of previous tests. Personalized daily psychoeducative messages will be sent based on the patient's answers. The user will be able to customize the best time of the day to answer the test and to receive the psychoeducative messages at his or her convenience (Figure 2).
The chart shows the way in which the application SIMPLe 1.0 gives psychoeducative messages based on the answers of daily and weekly tests.
Simultaneously, a web-based interface will be developed to allow the mental healthcare team to follow and monitor patient status.
The collaborative team decided that it was necessary a first study to determine the acceptability and validity of an application based solely on subjective information (SIMPLE 1.0), prior to the addition of objective monitoring data modules (SIMPLE 2.0) for three reasons: 1. In order to give patients active participation in the development of the application through focus groups and satisfaction surveys based on the experience with the first SIMPLE version and adapt the application to their preferences; 2. To test data safety and confidentiality issues with a smaller sample; 3. To adjust possible mood sensitivity issues with the daily and weekly questionnaires which were not previously validated in a real-world clinical setting (Figure 3).
Screenshots of SIMPLe 1.0 running in an Android Smartphone.
Study design and phases
The studies to evaluate the smartphone application will be carried out in three different but complementary phases as detailed below.
First phase: A three months lasting feasibility study will be conducted in order to evaluate the use, reliability and patient satisfaction with symptom monitoring (subjective information). Patients under usual treatment will use a smartphone with the SIMPLe version 1.0 application installed. The intervention will be consecutively offered to 30 stable adults (>18 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria described below. An informed consent will be handled and explained and must be signed in order to participate. Sociodemographic data and standardized clinical as well as functional assessments will be administered at baseline and monthly for three months. Assessments will include present manic symptoms using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) [40,41], depressive symptoms using the Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HDRS) [42,43], biological rhythms using the biological rhythms interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) [44,45] and treatment adherence using the Morisky Green 8-item test [46]. A smartphone device with the SIMPLe 1.0 application pre-installed, will be given to the participants for free during the study with the mandatory condition that it has to be their main mobile-phone during the next 3 months. In the case the patient accepts to participate but doesn't want to switch from his/her current smartphone, he/she will be offered the possibility to download the SIMPLe 1.0 application from the Application Store and a username and password will be given. The subject will receive a customizable automatic reminder in their smartphone to answer both daily and weekly questionnaires based on DSM-5 criteria for a manic, hypomanic, mixed or depressive episodes. The data obtained will be registered online. During this period of time, the subjects will receive daily customized psychoeducative messages based on the information collected by the application using an algorithm designed by our team. Feasibility and satisfaction will be assessed with the application usage log data and with an electronic survey. Reliability will be analyzed comparing the clinical assessments made by a psychiatrist and the information about mood state collected by the application
Second phase: Three different focus groups (patients, psychiatrists and psychologists, software engineers and graphical designers) of 3 sessions each will be held to discuss the experience with the SIMPLE 1.0 app and recollect suggestions and bugs. Additionally, individual personal interviews with each SIMPLE 1.0 user will also collect qualitative information about the application and suggestions. Taking into consideration the information collected from participants in the first phase, the application will be adapted and improved with the addition of objective information (signs) monitoring modules using mobile usage parameters and the built-in actimetry sensors.
Third phase: A six months randomized controlled trial with an intervention and a control arm including 74 patients each. An initial evaluation in both groups will be carried out recollecting sociodemographic data and using standardized clinical as well as functional assessments. This evaluation will be repeated at three, six and twelve months from baseline. The assessments will include present manic symptoms using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), depressive symptoms using the Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HDRS), functional impairment using the Functioning assessment short test (FAST) [47], biological rhythms using the biological rhythms interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), quality of life measured by World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF) [48] and treatment adherence using the Morisky Green 8-item test. During the follow-up the number of relapses, inpatient admissions, outpatient consultations, emergency rooms consultations and suicide attempts will be registered.
Intervention arm (SIMPLe 2.0 + TAU): The experimental group will use the application SIMPLe 2.0 and will keep receiving their usual pharmacological treatment. A smartphone device with the SIMPLe 2.0 application pre-installed, will be given to the participants for free during the study with the mandatory condition that it has to be their main mobile-phone during the next 3 months. In the case the patient accepts to participate but does not want to switch from their current smartphone, they will be offered the possibility to download the SIMPLe 2.0 application from the Application Store and a username and password will be assigned. The self-mood assessments will adopt a similar approach to the SIMPLe 1.0 app. Additionally this information will be complemented with automatically recorded patients activity data which will include smartphone usage, telephone calls made (number of independent calls and total time), social network apps usage, and physical activity measured by the built-in actimeter. Patients will receive daily psychoeducative messages based on the data recollected by the application. Relapse risk will be calculated using an algorithm including both subjective and objective data. The clinical team will be contacted with an e-mail if there is moderate or high risk for an oncoming episode and the patient will be offered the outpatient or emergency for assistance.
Treatment as usual arm (TAU): The treatment as usual (TAU) group will be followed-up with their standard treatment following the Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program protocol [49].
Sample recruitment
The participation in the study will be offered to stable bipolar patients (YMRS ≤ 8, HDRS ≤ 6 for at least one month prior to study entry) who had experienced at least one hypomanic, manic or depressive relapse during the 12 months prior to the study entry. All the participants will be adult patients attending the outpatient mental health clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. All participants in both groups must read and agree with the terms and sign an informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.
The following selection criteria will be considered for the first and third phase:
1. Age from 18 to 65 years old, 2. Patients with a current diagnosis of Bipolar disorder type I or type II according to DSM-5 criteria and confirmed with a semi-structured interview (SCID), 3. Hamilton Depression Scale score under or equal to 8 during the last month, 4. Young Mania Rating Scale score under or equal to 6 during the last month, 5. No history of relapses during the previous 3 months but at least 1 relapse during the last year, and 6. Availability of an unlimited smartphone data plan during the 12 following months to avoid extra costs for the participants when using the application.
1. Lack of skills to use the offered smartphone or unwillingness to learn them, 2. FAST score above or equal to 20, 3. Current or recent (within the last four years) participation in psychoeducation groups or in individual psychological treatment for the management of bipolar disorder that includes psychoeducational interventions, 4. Obsessive-compulsive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, 5. Concomitant severe medical condition, 6. Current pharmacological treatment with long-acting antipsychotics and 7. Pregnancy.
Randomization, data anonymization and blinding
A 5 digits random identification number (IDN) will be generated for all the participants throughout all the phases of the study. The cross-reference of this identification number and the patient identity will be encrypted and stored in a database file. Those patients using the smartphone application will be identified only by the IDN, which will be also the username to access the application. The patient will be asked by the application to enter the username and a password once per smartphone session if he/she is using a current security method to block the phone (code, pattern, face or finger recognition), otherwise the user will have to enter the username and password every time the SIMPLE app is opened.
During the third phase, an independent researcher using the site randomizer.org [50] will randomize the sample to the intervention group or to the control group. Interviews, assessments and focus groups related to the study will be carried out by independent clinicians. Due to ethical considerations, this blinding process will be interrupted if a risk situation is detected through the application during any phase of the study. In this case, the subject will be identified and their therapists will be informed immediately. Exclusion from the study will be discussed depending on the circumstances.
Power and sample calculation
We adopted a conservative approach for the first phase of the study to ensure more close qualitative feedback. Accordingly we calculated a sample size of 30 based in the recommendations for internal pilot studies from Kieser&Friede [51]. For the third phase, a significance level of 0.05, power of 0.8 and a minimal detectable difference of 0.5 and an expected drop-out of 15% was set, which resulted according to the design in two arms of 74 patients each [52].
During the first phase, a descriptive analysis of socio-demographic and clinical variables will be conducted, including mean age, sex, marital status, employment status, family psychiatric history, follow up time, number of episodes, predominant polarity, substance abuse and comorbid medical and psychiatric diagnoses. Feasibility will be evaluated analyzing the frequency of daily and weekly tests completed, if important differences in baseline characteristics between adherent and not adherent users are detected, this will be further controlled by regression analyses. The results of the satisfaction survey will be estimated analyzing the percentage of answers and the differences among the different categories using Chi-square analysis. Additionally, a Pearson correlation analysis will be carried out between the results of the assessments during the 3 month period and the results of the application tests to evaluate the clinical reliability between the two methods.
At the third phase, survival analysis with multivariate data analysis will be carried out to assess several covariates simultaneously and explore relationships between socio-demographic, clinical variables and assessments scores with relapses in each group (Kaplan-Meier). Similarly, differences among the different assessments will be analyzed with multivariate survival analysis (Cox regression). Similarly as in the first phase, a Pearson correlation analysis will be carried out between the results of the assessments and completed application tests. All the analyses will be two-tailed with an alpha set at p < 0.05. Additionally, last observation carried-forward intention to treat analyses will be performed.
Ethical and safety considerations
One of the main concerns during the development of the application was patient safety. Hence, the application incorporated a function which automatically notify the mental health team about suicide risk and give the patients the possibility to make a call to the emergency services from their own smartphone. Depending on the severity of the symptoms or if suicidal risk is detected, the blinding of the protocol will be broken and the case will be immediately discussed with their therapists.
In order to ensure participants' confidentiality during the study and the transmission of personal data we adopted a security protocol using the IDN, as it has been previously described, which is in accordance to the local spanish laws (Ley orgánica de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal (15/1999)). The username and password for the application will be requested every time the application is used if the user didn't active a smartphone lock system, otherwise it could be used without entering the username and password. Additionally, the study protocol was evaluated and approved (Reg. HCB/2014/0403) by the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona ethical committee to ensure is accordance to the Helsinki Declaration. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov with the identifier NCT02258711 on October 2014.
Trial status
At the time of the elaboration of this manuscript the development phase of SIMPLe 1.0 was concluded and a testing process of the application was being carried out intensively by 4 software engineers, 7 psychologists and 7 psychiatrists before the initiation of the first phase of the study with patients.
Even when the current pharmacological and psychological treatments available for bipolar disorder can certainly improve the outcome and quality of life of bipolar patients, the access to such specialized treatments are concentrated in few reference centers around the globe, which can hardly cover the needs of a disease with a prevalence of almost 2% of the world population [53].
On the other side, during recent years new technologies have facilitated our life in many ways (e.g. internet shopping, traveling and communication), although its implementation in mental healthcare has been slow and underdeveloped when compared to other areas (i.e. commercial). Hence, using this technology in mental healthcare could improve the lives of thousands of people suffering from mental disorders at a very low cost and in a convenient, comfortable and secure way for patients.
Among other treatments, our research group has been promoting and providing high-quality evidence-based psychoeducational programs for more than 15 years [54,55]. However, our current face-to-face approach to psychoeducation excludes many patients who could benefit from it, such as those living in remote locations, those with incompatible schedules, patients who don't want to attend a group therapy, etc. One of the advantages of new technologies, and specifically smartphones, is that it is possible to overcome these difficulties in a cost-efficient way through them. The tested application will represent a user-friendly, low cost and a potentially efficacious way to provide self-monitoring and personalized training to bipolar patients as an add-on to usual pharmacological and psychological care. Another benefit of this device is to include measures to facilitate safety procedures if any risk (i.e. suicidal thoughts) is detected. Furthermore, it can have a positive impact on associated healthcare costs.
There are some potential risks and limitations of this project: The fact that the patient will interact with a device instead of a therapist could decrease the level of compromise with the program. Furthermore, despite the fact that most people can have access to smartphones there is still a requirement of a minimum range of skills to use this kind of devices and operating systems. In this regard, many patients with bipolar disorder have some degree of cognitive or functional impairment [56], which could limit their capacity to use the device. In fact, a recent study has proven that patients with bipolar disorder show a poorer knowledge of computer use devices, internet and social media when compared with matched healthy controls [57].
Regarding the limitations of the study itself, the intervention is compared to treatment as usual and patients are not blinded to the intervention that they are receiving. It is almost impossible to create a "placebo smartphone application". Another fact is that all participants will be recruited from a specialized mental healthcare center in bipolar disorder, which could limit the generalizability of the results to primary care contexts due to the clinical characteristics of the sample and the intensive healthcare character of the program.
If the first steps of the project show encouraging results, many of the mentioned limitations could be circumvented in the future including active comparators such as conventional psychoeducational programs and involving non-specialized settings in future efficiency studies.
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Urbaniak GC, Plous S: Research Randomizer (Version 4.0). 2013. http://www.randomizer.org/. Accessed 8 Sep 2014.
Kieser M, Friede T. Re-calculating the sample size in internal pilot study designs with control of the type I error rate. Stat Med. 2000;19:901–11.
Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole,Cengage Learning; 2006.
Merikangas KR, Jin R, He J-P, Kessler RC, Lee S, Sampson NA, et al. Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiative. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:241–51.
Colom F. The evolution of psychoeducation for bipolar disorder: from lithium clinics to integrative psychoeducation. World Psychiatry. 2014;13:90–2.
Colom F. Keeping therapies simple: psychoeducation in the prevention of relapse in affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;198:338–40.
Rosa AR, Reinares M, Michalak EE, Bonnin CM, Sole B, Franco C, et al. Functional impairment and disability across mood states in bipolar disorder. Value Health. 2010;13:984–8.
Martini T, Czepielewski LS, Fijtman A, Sodré L, Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Pereira CS, et al. Bipolar disorder affects behavior and social skills on the internet. PLoS One. 2013;8:e79673.
Authors will like to thank all the current testers of the SIMPLe 1.0 application (Jordi Blanch, Clemente García Rizzo, Andrea Murru, Jordi León, Raúl Gutiérrez Segalés, Francisco Olmedo, Laura Nuño, Angel Priego, César Escobar-Viera and Iria Grande).
The project is supported mainly and specifically by an Emili Letang Grant from Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (to DH) and by a research grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI14/00286) PN 2015–2017, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación (to JS and DH). Other sources of support are a Research Grant from Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo de Santiago (to JU), by a grant from Beatriu de Pinós, Secretaria d' Universitats I Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunyai del programa COFUND de les Accions Marie Curie del 7è Programa marc de recerca i desenvolupamenttecnològic de la Unió Europea (to MR), by a research grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI12/0091) PN 2008–2011, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación (to JU and EV); by the Instituto Carlos II through the Centro para la Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) as well as Grups Consolidats de recerca 2014 SGR 398 (to EV). Dr Colom is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto Carlos III, through a "Miguel Servet II" postdoctoral contract and a FIS (PI 12/00910).
Bipolar Disorders Unit, Neurosciences Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei, María Reinares, Juan Undurraga, Caterina del Mar Bonnín, José Sánchez-Moreno, Eduard Vieta & Francesc Colom
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Ainoa Mateu
Department of Psychiatry, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
Juan Undurraga
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
María Reinares
Caterina del Mar Bonnín
José Sánchez-Moreno
Eduard Vieta
Francesc Colom
Correspondence to Eduard Vieta.
DH, AM and FC designed the project, studies and drafted the manuscript. DH, JS and FC coordinated the project development with the involved companies. MR and JS participated in the design of the studies and improved the manuscript. JU reviewed the manuscript and made several suggestions to improve it. CB revised and suggested the statistical analyses. FC, JS and EV supervised, reviewed and improved the project and manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Hidalgo-Mazzei, D., Mateu, A., Reinares, M. et al. Self-monitoring and psychoeducation in bipolar patients with a smart-phone application (SIMPLe) project: design, development and studies protocols. BMC Psychiatry 15, 52 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0437-6


text:
Gerard and Olsson stay on course for Belgian Open final battle
By Patrick O'Kane
Doubles partners Joachim Gerard and Stefan Olsson remain on course to meet in the Belgian Open wheelchair tennis final after winning their quarter-final matches in Jambes.
Top seed and home favourite Gerard breezed to victory in his last eight International Tennis Federation One Series clash at the at the Geronsart Tennis Club , losing just one game on his way to a 6-0, 6-1 triumph against Japanese eighth seed Takuya Miki.
He is now set to face Belgian compatriot Jef Vandorpe in the semi-finals after the unseeded player defeated Agustin Ledesma of Argentina 7-5, 6-2.
Swede Olsson reached the last four with a 6-2, 6-1 victory against sixth seed Kouhei Suzuki from Japan.
Fourth seed Martin De La Puente awaits after coming through a tough three-set match to win 2-6, 6-1, 6-4 against fellow Spaniard Daniel Caverzaschi.
Colombia's Angelica Bernal knocked out second seed Sabine Ellerbrock from Germany 6-4, 6-4, to reach the semi-finals of the women's singles.
Colombia's Angelica Bernal reached the last four of the Belgian Open, defeating Germany's Sabine Ellerbrock ©Getty Images
She is now scheduled to face world number 10 and rising star of the women's game Zhenzhen Zhu in the last four after she defeated Chinese compatriot Hui Min Huang 5-7, 6-2, 6-2.
Top seed Marjolein Buis of The Netherlands made light work of Argentina's Maria Florencia Moreno in a 6-1, 6-2 triumph.
She is due to face Japan's Manami Tanaka in the semi-finals after recording a 6-3, 6-2 win against Dutch player Michaela Spaanstra.
Compatriot Sam Schroder's bid for glory in the quad singles continued with a 6-3, 6-3 quarter-final victory against Shota Kawano of Japan.
He will face Canadian Robert Shaw in the last four after he won 7-6, 6-4 against South Korean Kim Kyu-Seung.
South Africa's Lucas Sithole won 6-4, 6-2 against American Bryan Barten to set up a semi-final against second seed Heath Davidson.
Australian Davidson reached the last four with a 6-3, 6-1 victory against Brazil's Ymanitu Silva.
August 2019: Third seeds fall in second round of singles at Belgian Wheelchair Tennis Open
July 2019: British Open champion Vink suffers first round loss in Belgian Wheelchair Tennis Open singles
July 2019: World number six Gerard is top seed for Belgian Wheelchair Tennis Open
July 2019: ITF development plan bids to increase wheelchair tennis player participation
July 2019: Sixteen-year-old Vink completes dual triumph at British Open Wheelchair Tennis Championships
Patrick O'Kane Junior Reporter
Follow @@sportingpat
Patrick O'Kane is a junior reporter at insidethegames.biz. He graduated from the University of Sunderland with a degree in Journalism Studies, and built his experience as a sports reporter at The Westmorland Gazette in Cumbria. Patrick was a flash-quote reporter for LOCOG at the London 2012 Paralympics and has covered the Giro d'Italia, Tour de France and Heineken Cup rugby as a freelance writer.
Contact Patrick
Read more of Patrick's articles
Follow @@sportingpat on Twitter
Belgian Wheelchair Tennis Open Wheelchair Tennis International Tennis Federation One Series
IIHF confirm "unavoidable" decision to move Men's World Championship out of Belarus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Android: How we can get the value from attribute from xml string Can anybody tell me how we can parse the following Xml. I get the following xml as response of HttpGet method. I can be store this xml in the string form.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<opml version="1">

    <head>

    <status>200</status>

        </head>

    <body>

<outline type="text" text="General" guide_id="f1" is_default="true"/>

<outline type="text" text="Rock Stations" guide_id="f2"/>

<outline type="text" text="Rock Stations" guide_id="f3"/>

<outline type="text" text="Rock" guide_id="f4"/>

<outline type="text" text="Awdhesh" guide_id="f5"/>

    </body>

</opml>

I want to be parse the attribute of outline. And I also want to show the value of text in listview. Please provide me a sample code.
Thanks in Advance ...!!!

A: If you are using SAXParcer, see an example of sax parcer implementation:
http://mobile.tutsplus.com/tutorials/android/android-sdk-build-a-simple-sax-parser/
Please note method
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
            Attributes attributes) throws SAXException

here you can check attributes and their values
if(localName.equals("outline"))
    String txtValue= attributes.getValue("text");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For students to learn about historical traditions of friendship and collaboration between Ireland and Latin American countries and movements.
Plaque in Mexico commemorating the San Patricio Batallón. Source: Wikimedia Commons.
Ask students if they have any relatives in other countries. Elicit the names of the countries. Say that Irish people have travelled to lots of countries in the world in the past when they had to leave Ireland to get jobs – elicit some examples.
Give students a current map of the US and Mexico. Explain that in the past Mexico used to be much bigger and the US much smaller, but the US invaded Mexico. Ask students to guess which states used to belong to Mexico and draw a line on the map. Tell them to look at the names of states and try to guess any Spanish sounding ones. Then provide them with a map of Mexico before the war. Tell them they're going to read about some Irish people who were involved in the war.
Students read the text and discuss the answers to the questions.
Explain to students that many people in the states that were occupied by the US are descended from the Mexican people who lived there before. Many of them still speak Spanish (with a very different accent to the Spanish spoken in Spain/Latin America – with a very old style of speaking that would be the equivalent of some speaking like Shakespeare in English today) and eat Mexican style food. Invite them to research the culture of the state of New Mexico and prepare a poster about it.


text:
Executive Order No. 68 Expands Scope of Practice in Limited Circumstances
Dec 9, 2020 | COVID-19 Legal Update
On December 4, 2020, Governor Bill Lee signed Executive Order No. 68, entitled "An Order to Facilitate the Continued Response to COVID-19 By Increasing Health Care Resources and Capacity" ("Executive Order 68"). A copy of the order may be found here. Among other things, Executive Order 68 allows professionals licensed under Title 63 (including nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and registered nurses, among others) to perform tasks outside of their licensed scope of practice if: (1) such tasks are performed in a hospital and (2) performed pursuant to the hospital's plan of delegation that has been approved by the Tennessee Commissioner of Health. The plain language of Executive Order 68 clearly states that this specific expansion applies only to tasks performed in hospitals. It does not expand the scope of practice for office-based providers. Additionally, registered nurses, whether licensed in Tennessee or working in Tennessee on a multi-state privilege to practice (either in a hospital or office setting), may delegate to certified medical assistants tasks that would normally be within the scope of nursing practice, including administration of COVID-19 vaccinations, under the supervision of the registered nurse. Such delegated tasks must have been ordered and authorized by a Tennessee licensed provider with prescriptive authority. "Certified" medical assistants must be certified by the American Association of Medical Assistants to meet the requirement of this part of the Executive Order. Executive Order 68 went into effect retroactively at 12:01 a.m., December 1, 2020 and will remain in effect until 11:59 p.m. December 29, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic and response is an evolving situation. All levels of government are engaged in the process of preparing new legislation, regulations and orders both to stem the spread of the virus and to provide relief to employers and employees. We will continue to monitor the situation and provide updates as applicable, especially as such updates affect healthcare providers and their practices.
← IRS Says 'No' to PPP Loan Deductions London Amburn 2020: A Year in Review →


text:
Huawei News Room
AI+ Smart City, Huawei Helps Tianjin Binhai New Area Build a Happy TEDA
[Shanghai, China, October 10, 2018] At HUAWEI CONNECT 2018, Huawei and Tianjin Binhai New Area announced the first "AI+ Smart City" in China. This Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) relies on Huawei's "1 + 4 + N" solution that includes one center, four platforms, and multiple innovative applications. With this solution, the area has built a prosperous and livable district that serves as a model for Smart City construction.
Located in the eastern coastal area of Tianjin, at the center of the Bohai Economic Rim, the TEDA is a state-level reform pilot zone and among the first batch of national economic and technological development zones in China. After 34 years of development, the area now hosts more than 37,000 international corporations, including more than 200 members of the Fortune Global 500. It has taken the lead among reform areas. Its rapid development is supported by the policy of attracting investment and serving enterprises; emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, and AI; and application innovation based on the technical platform.
One Center + Four Platforms, Building a Smart City Digital "Brain"
The TEDA solution includes an Intelligent Operation Center (IOC) developed by Huawei. The IOC integrates and explores data about the government, enterprises, residents, Internet, and the IoT, and then performs in-depth analysis through AI applications.
Then four platforms work closely with the IOC:
Resident Voices AI Platform: Speech recognition and semantic analysis technologies enable city managers to understand the voice of each resident to gain insights into their needs.
Sensing the City AI Platform: Image recognition and correlation analysis are used to explore the relationships between people, places, and things, for the purpose of fostering a harmonious order for all.
Residents Care AI Platform: Deep learning and correlation analysis are used throughout the service lifecycle to generate personalized resources for residents.
Enterprise Services AI Platform: Multi-dimensional analysis and correlation analysis help clarify the internal relationships of industries in the TEDA to accurately provide service resources throughout the enterprise lifecycle.
Multiple Innovative Applications Support a "Happiness Index System"
To ensure that enterprises and residents enjoy high-quality services, the TEDA has established a "happiness index system" based on questionnaires that cover safe, beautiful, convenient, harmonious, civilized, and vital indexes. The index system guides the deployment of innovative AI applications that help implement the AI + Smart City project. For example, the traffic light control system, developed based on Huawei's AI + Smart Transportation Solution. The application significantly enhances traffic efficiency at intersections during peak hours, shortening delay time by 10 percent to 20 percent. Project Shiny uses the Huawei video cloud for large-scale HD video networking and multi-dimensional data correlation analysis, improving police case-solving efficiency and making safety "predictable." Moreover, facial-recognition-based community services and a certificate-free service system simplify people's lives.
Chen Song, Head of the TEDA Smart City Construction Office, said that their cooperation with Huawei was based on the city strategy. "In terms of project implementation, Huawei has three advantages. First is a comprehensive team with multiple experts. Second, the company has various mature products. Third, Huawei has a mature ecosystem that supports quick project promotion. In terms of strategies, Huawei focuses on providing underlying services and products. This meets our needs because we aim to provide infrastructure and capabilities and want to implement this Smart City project with government agencies, enterprises, and residents." In the future, the two parties will jointly set up a Smart City innovation research center.
Zheng Zhibin, President of the Global Smart City Business Dept of Huawei Enterprise BG, commented, "In the Smart TEDA project, AI helps the city enhance self-learning and self-improvement capabilities, infuses vitality into the city, and benefits residents in many ways. The IOC and AI platform are vital parts of the Smart City nervous system. Because this robust system needs more than a little intelligence, we give it a comprehensive set of systems that implement closed-loop management. These systems include front-end perception, data transmission, AI-based decision-making, and action taking. Huawei is committed to creating such systems for cities and becoming the enabler and promoter of Smart City construction." Smart City development is an iterative process that has a starting point and continues forward into the far future. Huawei works with customers all over the world to improve cities' nervous systems, enhance cities' evolution and development potential, and enable more and more cities to become Smart Cities.
Huawei is committed to working with customers in the long term and takes a future-oriented approach to drive enterprise digital transformation through the power of the platform. So far, 211 of the Fortune Global 500 companies (including 48 Fortune Global 100 companies) have selected Huawei as their digital transformation partner.
HUAWEI CONNECT 2018 – "Activate Intelligence" – is held at the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition and Convention Center and Expo Center from October 10 to 12.This year's HUAWEI CONNECT conference is designed to help all businesses and organizations step over the threshold and stake their claim in the intelligent world. You will be joined by the best minds in the industry – including global ICT leaders, industry experts, and ecosystem partners – to chart the way forward and explore new opportunities.
https://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/events/huaweiconnect2018?ic_medium=hwdc&ic_source=corp_banner_allwayson&source=corp_banner


text:
The Advantages & Disadvantages of Telephones
By: Mariel Loveland
Reviewed by: Michelle Seidel, B.Sc., LL.B., MBA
The Advantages of Robotics in the Workplace
Telephones are a necessary part of doing business, but since they were invented in 1876, they've come an extremely long way. Today, smartphones are basically tiny laptops that allow us to do everything from calculating tips to running our business' social media platform on-the-go. A good use of telephones could bring your customers closer than ever, but a poor use could open up your business to unwanted security breaches.
When it comes to telephone pros and cons, the positives almost always outweigh the negatives. Sometimes, people just like to talk to a human. Automation has made strides in customer service and rendered the telephone more-or-less a last defense for a customer service interaction gone wrong.
Mobile Phones Are Zapping Employee Productivity
Smartphones keep us continuously plugged in, but is it one of the many telephone advantages or disadvantages? It's a bit hard to tell. Your phone helps you run your business from anywhere_._ It allows your employees to blur the line between their work-life balance. Sometimes, it's for the best and allows people to spend more time on work when they're not in the office, but research has also shown that mobile devices have cost employees eight hours of productivity every single week. The average office employee spends about 56 minutes a day using their cell phone at work for non-work activity.
BYOD Business Practices Make Telephones A Security Threat
Mobile malware used to not really be a concern – especially when smartphones were just starting to hit the market. Things certainly have changed. In 2017, McAfee labs detected a total of 16 million mobile malware incidents in the first quarter alone. Though these security breaches affect personal cellphones, for example, the celebrity iCloud leaks, it's particularly dangerous to businesses that allow employees to use their own devices. Even the White House isn't immune. In October of 2017, it was found that General Kelly had been using his personal cell phone for business and it had been compromised by hackers, potentially giving cyber attackers his physical location through the phone's GPS and his cell ID data. Hackers even have the ability to take over a cell phone's microphone and camera to hear and see confidential, classified meetings. Both Apple and Android are working to combat these known threats, but the weaknesses still stand.
Mobile Phone Apps Are Allowing Increased Employee Collaboration
It takes a village to run a business, and telephones undoubtedly allow this village to work together. Mobile phone apps like Google Docs, Slack and a number of cloud-based sharing services allow employees to collaborate like never before. Slack operates like a virtual office linking multiple branches or simply connecting the team to those working from home. It makes the idea of a physical place of business less and less necessary. Add this to Google Docs, which allows businesses to share important projects and paperwork, and employees across an ocean can feel like they're sitting in the cubicle next to you.
Customers Still Want To Talk To A Human
When it comes to customer service, many businesses are abandoning the idea of speaking to an actual person on the phone. Some have adopted chatbots or text-based, online communications. This is all fine and well – a great way to keep customers from waiting on hold – but sometimes, you want to talk to a human being. Until artificial intelligence can solve customer service problems as quickly and easily as a human, a telephone may be the most important line of defense. In fact, a Google study showed that 61 percent of customers still call a business when they're in the purchasing phase. This is especially prevalent when the customer is buying a more expensive item.
Wired: The Worst-Case Scenario for John Kelly's Hacked Phone
McAfee: McAffee Labs Threat Report
Fortune: Here's How You're Wasting 8 Hours Per Week
Harvard Business Review: Your Customers Still Want To Talk To A Human Being
University of Virginia Library: History of the Telephone
Western Michigan University: Telephone Skills
Mariel Loveland is a small business owner, content strategist and writer from New Jersey. Throughout her career, she's worked with numerous startups creating content to help small business owners bridge the gap between technology and sales. Her work has been featured in publications like Business Insider and Vice.


Market slowdown be damned, Long Island City continues to pump out new projects faster than pretty much any neighborhood in the country. Now with the rental market more than saturated, especially with Tishman's 1,800-unit Jackson Park development coming online, several developers have turned their sights towards building condos. The latest to surface comes in the Queens Plaza area where SB Development Group and Heritage Real Estate Partners are hashing out plans to build a 100,000-square-foot condo.
Addressed at 41-05 29th Street, the triangular-shaped lot is formed by the meeting of 29th Street and 41st Avenue (yes, we know the Queens street grid means nothing to most of you), and is across from a planned 63-floor, 763-unit rental tower to be developed by the Durst Organization. Additionally, the site is a block away Tishman Speyer's sizeable office complex, JACX, and a short walk from a spaghetti of train lines (E, M, R, 7, N, Q) that offer unbeatable access to Midtown Manhattan.
Construction permits have not been filed but in December, the developers submitted plans to demolish the humble 2-story building on-site that once held Dena's Coffee Shop. According to The Real Deal, the developers picked up the land and air-rights assemblage in late November for $15.5 million. They've enlisted the local architects at Fogarty Finger whose portfolio of LIC projects include The Lanes, The Jackson, Baker House, and Five27.
A preliminary rendering posted on real estate investor Dmitry Druzhinsky's website shows what a potential buildout could look like. A la Flatiron Building, the tower would rise sheer from its site and the unique corner condition would be highlighted by curving balconies. Other recent condos that have taken advantage of skewed/triangular lots include the SoHo's 10 Sullivan Street designed by Cary Tamarkin and One Clinton designed by Marvel Architects.
TRD notes, "Most of Long Island City's limited condo supply is concentrated along the waterfront, while apartments near Queensboro Plaza tend to lean toward rental." Other condo projects taking shape in the area include 42-10 Crescent Street and One Queens Plaza. Per our listings, there are 18 one-bedrooms for sale in the neighborhood priced at a median of $815,000 or $1,162 a foot.
From Future New York Amenities Galore at Jackson Park, Shimmering LIC Rentals Leasing from $2,372/mo.


vCenter 6.5 is the newer version of the vCenter Server announced along with the vSphere 6.5 last year. vCenter is used to manage the multiple ESXi hosts from single centralized management. vCenter 6.5 comes with the new features & many improvements. In our previous posts we have seen on how to install vCenter Server 6.5 in Windows server but in some cases it is required to migrate vCenter Server to vCenter Server Appliance.
In this post we will be migrating from vCenter Server 6 which is installed on Windows Server 2012 R2 to the vCenter Server Appliance 6.5 which will be directly deployed on the ESXi host & all the data will be migrated to the VCSA 6.5.
So let's start with the migration process without any time waste.
Note: Do not run the Migration process on the same machine where vCenter Server is installed. Use the different machine.
Before starting with migration first take backup of your vCenter Server. You can also create snapshot or clone.
Take the backup of your database if you are using external database.
First we have to start the migration assistant which will be used in the process by VCSA 6.5.
You will get the VMware-Migration-Assistant in the VCSA 6.5 ISO.
Browse to the path ISO>migration-assistant.
Provide the password & press Enter.
Note: Do not skip this step or you will get the error after.
Now we will start with the VCSA 6.5 deployment.
We are migrating from the existing vCenter Server to VCSA 6.5 so choose the third option "Migrate".
Here we have to provide the source vCenter Server details such as vCenter Server name or IP, SSO username, SSO password.
Here it will verify that VMware-Migration-Assistant is running if not they you will get error.
You will get certificate warning after clicking Next.
Click Yes to accept the warning & continue.
Provide the ESXi host details such as Hostname or IP, Username & Password on which you want to deploy the VCSA 6.5.
Set the VCSA 6.5 VM name here.
Set the root password of the VCSA 6.5.
Choose the deployment size according to your environment.
Specify the datastore for VCSA 6.5.
You can also enable Thin disk mode if you want.
Here you need to provide the network settings for your VCSA 6.5. You have to provide the Temporary IP address because after successful installation your VCSA 6.5 will be using your Existing vCenter Server IP address.
Check & Verify all the configuration you have done.
Click Finish to start the Stage 1 deployment process.
It will take few minutes to deploy the Appliance.
Click Continue to start with Stage 2 configuration.
Now the pre-migration checks will run .
After the successful pre-migration checks you will get the details to connect to source vCenter Server.
Choose which data you want to migrate & click Next to proceed.
Check & verify all the configuration & check the box at the bottom.
Click Finish to start the Migration.
Here you will get warning that during the migration process source vCenter Server will be powered off after network configuration is enabled on new VCSA 6.5.
Migration will take 30-45 minutes depending on your environment.
After successful migration you will get above screen in which all the steps are completed. Now you can close the installer by clicking on close button.
You can now see that your source vCenter Server is powered off & newly deployed VCSA 6.5 is running. You can access to the new VCSA 6.5 by using the same IP or hostname you have used for existing vCenter Server.
Login to vSphere Web client & verify that all the configuration & virtual machines running smoothly.


text:
Mahābhārata, The
One of two great epic poems in Indian literature, the other being the Rāmāyana. It consists of more than 100,000 couplets, which make it the longest epic poem in the world. It deals with the vicissitudes of the descendants (Bhāratas) of the mythical first king of India, Bharata. His ninth descendant was Kuru, hence the kingdom in the story is known as Kuruketra (Kuru's land). It is thought to have been located in north central India, although kuru is the imperative form of the Sanskrit root k (do, cause, make, etc.), so its mythological interpretation deals with human behavior — from a theosophical standpoint with human involution and evolution. It would, therefore be more appropriate to interpret the epic metaphorically.
In this long story, the throne of the kingdom passes, generation after generation, to a younger son, rather than the elder as was the custom, signifying theosophically the involutionary cycle, up to and including the 18th generation. At this point, the oldest brother is the blind king Dhtaratra (whose name implies a fixity of palace, i.e., rigidity or conventionality), therefore he is unfit to inherit the throne which passes to his younger brother Pāndu. Dhtaratra marries Gandhar… who blindfolds herself in order not to be superior to her husband. Therefore, their offspring are all born of blindness, symbolic of ignorance. Their sons are 100 in number, the eldest being Duryodana (whose name literally means "ill bred"); in fact all the sons' names begin with a Sanskrit prefix (dur-, du-, duƒ-) which means "bad" (cf. Latin mal- or Greek dys-), hence they represent allegorically our bad habits or bad behavior born of our ignorance or moral blindness. The "sons" of Pāndu, on the other hand, are not really his offspring because he had been cursed with death if he were to have sex. Rather, they are the offsprings of various Vedic gods: the eldest, Yudithira, by Yāma-Dharma, the god of righteousness; Bh…ma by Vāyu, the wind god; Arjuna by Indra, the warrior god; and the twins Nakula and Sahadeva by Indra's horsemen, the twin Avins. In other words, they are all semidivine. Being five in number, they represent symbolically our personal nature: intuition, intellect, k€ma-manas ("lower" or desire-mind), vital body ("etheric double"), and its "twin" the physical body. The mother of the five brothers is Kunti, the sister of Sri Krishna, who invoked the gods (with her husband's approval) by means of mantras.
Naturally, Duryodana believes he should be the successor to the Kuru throne rather than Yudithira. He first tries to kill the five brothers, called Pāndavas, by burning a wax home built for them to attend a religious festival. They escape disguised as brahmins and during their exile in the forest, they jointly marry Draupad… (who would represent, metaphorically, the soul or j…va). They also gain allies, so Duryodana and his brothers, called Kauravas (i.e., descendants of Kuru), are reluctantly forced to give the Pāndavas back half of their rightful kingdom. Duryodana then challenges Yudithira to a dice game (using loaded dice) and succeeds in sending his five cousins (with their mother and common wife) back into exile for twelve years. At the end of that time, he refuses to relinquish the kingdom, so the Great War is fought on the kingdom's traditional battlefield, Kuruketra, between the Kauravas and their allies and the Pāndavas and their allies, one of whom is Sri Krishna. Arjuna, the greatest warrior of his day, leads the Pāndavas; Krishna declines to fight, but agrees to act as Arjuna's charioteer and counselor. The Bhagavad-Gitā is set at the very beginning of that battle, which lasts for 18 days and involves enormous bloodshed. The Pāndavas finally win, symbolizing man's predestined victory over his ignorance-born imperfections. In fact, Sri Krishna intimates this in the Gitā (cf. 18.59-61).
The Mahābhārata is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyåsa (cf. G…t€ 18.75), although he may have been merely the compiler of a myth that had been in existence long before him. Scholars believe the epic reached its present form about 400 CE. Helena P. BLAVATSKY has written quite a lot about the epic, pointing out that it contains an ancient esoteric philosophy akin to theosophy (see various entries in the consolidated index to her writings). It is also noteworthy that the "Golden Rule" in Christianity ("Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself." Matt. 22.39) is foreshadowed in the Mahābhārata as "Treat others as thou wouldst thyself be treated" (Śanti Parva, 167.9) and as "Do nothing to thy neighbour which hereafter thou wouldst not have thy neighbour do thee" (Anuāsana). A few other quotations also illustrate the high ethics mandated by this poem: "There is no greater virtue than kindness. They who have their minds under control never come to grief. Friendship with the holy never ages" (Śanti Parva, 313.70). "Kindness is desiring happiness for all. Straightforwardness is mental poise. Holy is he who is kind to all. Wicked is he who is cruel" (Vana Parva, 90). These quotations are taken from Śriman Mahābhāratam (Gorakpur: Gita Press). See also BHAGAVAD-GITĀ.
An English translation of the entire epic has been published in 18 volumes, but there are also some summarized translations, including one by Annie BESANT entitled The Story of the Great War, (1899; reprinted as Mahābhārata: the Epic Story of the Great War, TPH, 1927, 1978).
R.W.B.


text:
British silent cinema festival
February 13, 2008 By urbanora in Festivals
The first news has been published of the feature films and main events taking place at this year's British Silent Cinema Festival. As usual, the festival is being held at the Broadway, Nottingham, and runs 3-6 April.
This year the main theme is 'Rats, Ruffians and Radicals: The Globalisation of Crime and the British Silent Film'. The festival is a mixture of films, papers and special presentations, and usually pulls of the trick of attracting both an academic and an 'enthusiast' audience. Anyway, here are some of the delights on offer:
Chicago (USA 1927), sparky silent film version of the story that later became the musical Chicago. Directed by Frank Urson under supervision of De Mille this is a vibrant telling of the tale of Roxie Hart and her attempts to beat a murder rap in the most cynical city in the world. See the film that inspired the musical that inspired the film of the musical …
Red Pearls (UK 1930), Walter Forde's psychological drama about a Japanese merchant who tries to drive his victim mad by sending him letters from beyond the grave.
Henry Edwards' The Bargain (UK 1921) starring Chrissie White and actor/director Edwards in a tale of fraud, deception and family ties as a man purporting to be a long lost son returns from the Australian outback to claim his inheritance from his dying father.
At the Villa Rose (UK 1920), director Maurice Elvey's classic locked-room murder mystery set in the fashionable and decadent expatriate community in Monte Carlo.
Die Carmen von St Pauli (Germany 1928), German director Erich Waschneck's brilliant drama set in Hamburg's dockside gangland featuring German stars Willi Fritsch and the delicious Jenny Jugo – who rivals Clara Bow for sheer screen presence. The film also shows there is more to German film than expressionism.
René Clair's Le Fantôme du Moulin Rouge (France 1924) combines Grande Guignol, surrealism and playful avant garde film tricks. It's the tale of a man whose spirit is released from his body to allow him to torment and trick his family but ultimately there's a race against time when his spirit needs to get back into his lifeless body before the autopsy begins …
The Whip (USA 1917): more horse nobbling courtesy of Maurice Tourneur, based on the famous British stage play by Cecil Raleigh and Henry Hamilton. In the words of the legendary Tallulah Bankhead: "The Whip was a blood-and-thunder melodrama in four acts and fourteen scenes imported from London's Drury Lane Theatre. It boiled with villainy and violence. Its plot embraced a twelve-horse race on a treadmill (for the Gold Cup at Newmarket), a Hunt Breakfast embellished by fifteen dogs, an auto-smash-up, the Chamber of Horrors at Madame Tussaud's Waxworks, and a train wreck with a locomotive hissing real steam. It boasted a dissolute earl and a wicked marquis, and a heroine whose hand was sought by both knave and hero. It was a tremendous emotional dose for anyone as stage-struck and impressionable as our heroine."
The Hill Park Mystery (Denmark 1923) (aka Shattered Nerves) features a detective trying to clear the name of a woman accused of murder, who finds matters complicated when he becomes romantically attached to his client.
Other highlights will include episodes from The Mystery of Dr Fu Manchu, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and tales from The Old Man in the Corner, Luke McKernan's illustrated presentation to mark the centenary of the 1908 Olympics in the UK, a session on Melodrama along with a packed programme of presentations, screenings and social events.
So, yes, I'm one of the star turns (on Saturday the 5th), giving a glossy show on film and the Olympic Games, 1900-1924, with special attention given to the the London Games of 1908, whose centenary it is, of course. As for the feature films, there's some fascinating choices there, though the British content seems a bit elusive in places. The festival website doesn't have any programme details as yet, but further information will get published here in due course.
« European film treasures
Rohauer for sale »


Find a Silkie - City Limits Volume1 first pressing or reissue. Complete your Silkie collection. Shop Vinyl and CDs. 28 Aug Evidence of this rarely comes clearer than it does on an album like Silkie's City Limits Volume 1. The London producer broke out big last year. 23 Nov - 5 min - Uploaded by SkrillexTeam A beautiful track produced by Dubstep producer Silkie. Spark features on Silkie's City.
27 Jun City Limits Vol. 2 has plenty of that, even if there's arguably nothing on the album as laid-back or jazzy as a track like the first's "Concrete Jungle. 17 Jul Silkie does things deep: City Limits is a busy, but never cluttered album, which stays true to dubstep's traditional half-step structure while flirting. 'City Limits' is a collection of 13 tracks, including the brilliant 'Purple Love' and ' Cats Eyes' exploring this style with velveteen synths descended in the tradition.


text:
Frédéric Rapin, né le 17 octobre 1955, est un clarinettiste et pédagogue vaudois.

Biographie
Frédéric Rapin étudie la clarinette à Neuchâtel, Lausanne, Nice et Paris, notamment avec Claude Trifoni, Robert Kemblinsky et Jacques Lancelot. Ses études au Conservatoire, jalonnées par plusieurs prix et distinctions réservés à de jeunes artistes, sont couronnées par un premier prix de virtuosité et une licence de soliste avec félicitations du jury. Parallèlement à sa formation musicale, il obtient une licence universitaire. D'abord professeur aux Conservatoires de Fribourg et de Neuchâtel, il occupe ensuite le poste de premier soliste à l'Orchestre Musikkollegium de Winterthour, avant d'être appelé à la Haute École de Musique de Lausanne, où il dirige une classe de virtuosité et de musique de chambre.

Plusieurs compositeurs ont écrit à son intention; parmi ceux-ci Andor Kovach, Jean Balissat, Michel Hostettler, Henri Scolari, Alexis Chalier et François-Xavier Delacoste. Frédéric Rapin se produit dans plusieurs pays d'Europe. Il a notamment joué en soliste avec des chefs tels que Marcello Viotti, Arrmin Jordan, Mario Venzago, Jost Meier, Jean-Marie Auberson, Franz Welser-Möst, Jean-François Antonioli, Paul Capolongo, Ettore Brero, Jean-François Monnard, Hervé Klopfenstein et Olivier Cuendet. En musique de chambre, il collabore avec le Quatuor à cordes de la Philharmonie de Berlin, le Quatuor Sine Domine,  les pianistes Dana Ciocarlie et Gérard Wyss, l'altiste Bruno Pasquier, les violoncellistes Patrick Demenga et François Salque, la cantatrice Brigitte Balleys, le corniste Bruno Schneider.

Frédéric Rapin a enregistré pas moins d'une quinzaine de concertos pour clarinette et orchestre pour les labels Timpani, Cascavelle, Pan Classics, Grammont, Doron Music. Il a entre autres enregistré l'intégrale des concertos pour clarinette de Carl Maria von Weber et un CD dédié à des concertos de compositeurs suisses. Il dirige également une master class à l'Académie internationale d'été de Bienne, en collaboration avec l'Orchestre Philharmonique de Budweis.

Très engagé dans le domaine de la protection de la nature, il est l'auteur d'une importante documentation photographique consacrée notamment à la région jurassienne, dont il défend le patrimoine naturel.

Sources

 Frédéric Rapin, Concertos suisses pour clarinette, CD & livret, Zürich, Migros-Genossenschafts-Bund, 2003
 Revue musicale suisse, n°11, novembre 2010, p. 5

Liens externes
 http://www.hemu.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Presentation/Corps_professoral/Rapin_Frederic.pdf
 JMF - Frédéric Rapin
 Internationale Sommerakademie Biel | Startseite
 Quintette à cordes – Frédéric Rapin, clarinette et Gerardo Vila, piano | Crescendo Jura

Musicien vaudois
Clarinettiste suisse
Naissance en octobre 1955
Projet:Valdensia/Articles liés

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: PHP unique array by value? I have an array in PHP that looks like this:
  [0]=>
       array(2) {
           ["name"]=>
              string(9) "My_item"
           ["url"]=>
              string(24) "http://www.my-url.com/"
       }
  [1]=>
     array(2) {
         ["name"]=>
             string(9) "My_item"
         ["url"]=>
            string(24) "http://www.my-url2.com/"
     }

The two values in "name" are the same in this two items. I want to sort out duplicates like this.
How do I create an unique array by checking the "name" value?

A: basically
$unique_array = [];
foreach($your_array as $element) {
    $hash = $element[field-that-should-be-unique];
    $unique_array[$hash] = $element;
}
$result = array_values($unique_array);

A: Serialisation is very useful for simplifying the process of establishing the uniqueness of a hierarchical array. Use this one liner to retrieve an array containing only unique elements.
$unique = array_map("unserialize", array_unique(array_map("serialize", $input)));

A: Please find this link useful, uses md5 hash to examine the duplicates:
http://www.phpdevblog.net/2009/01/using-array-unique-with-multidimensional-arrays.html
Quick Glimpse:
/**
 * Create Unique Arrays using an md5 hash
 *
 * @param array $array
 * @return array
 */
function arrayUnique($array, $preserveKeys = false)
{
    // Unique Array for return
    $arrayRewrite = array();
    // Array with the md5 hashes
    $arrayHashes = array();
    foreach($array as $key => $item) {
        // Serialize the current element and create a md5 hash
        $hash = md5(serialize($item));
        // If the md5 didn't come up yet, add the element to
        // to arrayRewrite, otherwise drop it
        if (!isset($arrayHashes[$hash])) {
            // Save the current element hash
            $arrayHashes[$hash] = $hash;
            // Add element to the unique Array
            if ($preserveKeys) {
                $arrayRewrite[$key] = $item;
            } else {
                $arrayRewrite[] = $item;
            }
        }
    }
    return $arrayRewrite;
}

$uniqueArray = arrayUnique($array);
var_dump($uniqueArray);

See the working example here:
http://codepad.org/9nCJwsvg

A: Simple Solution:
/**
 * @param $array
 * @param null $key
 * @return array
 */
public static function unique($array,$key = null){
    if(null === $key){
        return array_unique($array);
    }
    $keys=[];
    $ret = [];
    foreach($array as $elem){
        $arrayKey = (is_array($elem))?$elem[$key]:$elem->$key;
        if(in_array($arrayKey,$keys)){
            continue;
        }
        $ret[] = $elem;
        array_push($keys,$arrayKey);
    }
    return $ret;
}

A: function unique_multidim_array($array, $key) {
            $temp_array = array();
            $i = 0;
            $key_array = array();

            foreach($array as $val) {
                if (!in_array($val[$key], $key_array)) {
                    $key_array[$i] = $val[$key];
                    $temp_array[$i] = $val;
                }
                $i++;
            }
            return $temp_array;
        }
$result = unique_multidim_array($visitors,'ip');

A: Given that the keys on the array (0,1) do not seem to be significant a simple solution would be to use the value of the element referenced by 'name' as the key for the outer array:
["My_item"]=>
   array(2) {
       ["name"]=>
          string(9) "My_item"
       ["url"]=>
          string(24) "http://www.my-url.com/"
   }

...and if there is only one value other than the 'name' why bother with a nested array at all?
["My_item"]=>"http://www.my-url.com/"


text:
Q: Probability problem: Determine the probability that the mining company will not be sucessful. A mining company is competing for mining rights in a region. The probability of acquiring the rights is $0.4$. If this happens, the probability of it being successful (finding the miner in commercial conditions) is $0.45$. Determine the probability that the company will not be successful.
I tried doing this:
Let $A=$mining company acquire rights, $B=$company being succesful.
$P(A) = 0.4$
$P(B|A) = 0.45$
$P(A\cap B)=P(A)P(B|A)=0.4*0.45=0.18$
$1-P(B) = 1-\dfrac{P(A\cap B)}{P(A|B)}=1-\dfrac{0.18}{P(A|B)}$
But I am stuck here, since I don´t know how to find $P(A|B)$. I also tried Bayes rule, but didn´t get any further.
Thanks.

A: You are over-complicating it. It's simple: the probability of being successful once they have acquired de mine rights is 0'45. So the probability of not being successful is 1-0'45=0'55.


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text:
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Posts Tagged 'Peter Jackson'
Double Feature Showdown – The Faculty vs. Cooties
October 23rd, 2015 | POSTED BY Adelaide Blair
I'm going to be honest with you; I am not a fan of Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy. (I kind of like the books, but I haven't read them in about twenty years, so who knows what I think now.) The movies are…
Film Review – The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies
December 16th, 2014 | POSTED BY Allen Almachar
Six films, about twenty hours of runtime, spread out over thirteen years. That's a lot of commitment for Peter Jackson to give one franchise. And for his efforts, he's delivered two trilogies taking place in the same universe, but different in terms of quality. The…
Film Review – The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug
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When I was a young boy I had a toy, a thin rubber man in a bright red and blue outfit. He was just a generic toy purchased for less than a dollar somewhere, but when you'd grab his feet and his head or his…
Giveaway – Pacific Rim Blu-ray
October 15th, 2013 | POSTED BY Spencer Fornaciari
The folks at Warner Home Video have given us a blu-ray copy of Pacific Rim to give away. To be eligible please fill out the form below.
Film Review – Elysium
August 8th, 2013 | POSTED BY Spencer Fornaciari
There might not have been a bigger breakout into the film world in recent years than that of director Neill Blomkamp. After being denied the opportunity to direct a live action Halo movie (despite the support of Peter Jackson), Blomkamp made his feature debut with…
Film Review – Pacific Rim
July 10th, 2013 | POSTED BY Spencer Fornaciari
Monster movies have long been a staple of the industry. Dating back to projects such as the enormously successful King Kong (1933), they are a cathartic way of working through our fears and nightmares in a safe environment. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that…
Simon Pegg – Video Podcast #255
May 16th, 2013 | POSTED BY Spencer Fornaciari
In honor of the release of Star Trek Into Darkness, Spencer and Greg discuss Simon Pegg.
Episode 239 – DVD Rundown 3-19-2013
March 19th, 2013 | POSTED BY Spencer Fornaciari
Spencer and Greg give their DVD rundown for March 19th, 2013. In this episode they discuss The Hobbit, Bachelorette, Zero Dark Thirty and Badlands.
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text:
Q: TFS 2013: How to find Tasks without parent Bugs and with child TestCases Recently we started using TFS as bug tracker, and faced some problems with making queries for work items. One of problems is described in header of this topic.
Can anyone help with such query?
Thank you.

A: Unfortunately both the vs query editor and the tfs workitem engine do NOT allow this kind of query out-of-the-box.
You can achieve that result only by creating some custom code that uses the tfs api to execute two queries ad intersect their results.
If you are interested in how to do it, I can provide an example.
However keep in mind that - in this way - the query would be stand alone and not integrated in the visual studio ide.

A: I'm not sure if you can do both of these tests together, but I have been able to write a query to find bugs without a child task, which is similar to your problem. Attached is a picture showing my solution.


With a R900 billion hole in its balance sheet, extreme depreciation of assets and a R419 billion debt burden, experts say the cash-strapped Eskom is beyond redemption.
Energy expert Ted Blom said no amount in bailouts would save the power utility and the only solution was to place the utility under business rescue.
Eskom, currently battling to keep the lights on in summer when demand is supposed to be at its lowest, wants government to take over R100 billion off its debt to improve its balance sheet.
Jabu Mabuza, Eskom chairperson, reportedly brought up the proposal, which was never discussed with Treasury despite implications on the fiscus, during an interview at an investor roadshow in London.
The power utility is currently kept afloat by a government debt guarantee of R350 billion and Blom says Eskom is an "energy skunk on quicksand".
He said Eskom's R1.4 trillion in assets are now worth just R250 billion. They have R170 billion in their asset book for Medupi Power Station, but Blom said anybody could buy Medupi for less than R30 billion.
"Eskom is kaput. It is game over for them. No supplier wants to work with them because of nonpayment," said Blom.
"The only way out is to put Eskom on business rescue, get rid of excess staff and get rid of its asset value," he said.
Not only would the proposed debt absorption have a negative impact on the fiscus, but it also posed a risk of other existing Eskom lenders demanding that their payment be taken over by the state, warned energy expert Chris Yelland.
"The proposal means government will take over the R100 billion worth of debt.
"Government will pay some of Eskom's lenders directly, but if you selectively say some of the lenders will be paid by government, other lenders will be anxious and also want their payments to be paid directly by government," he said.
Yelland said Mabuza was "jumping the gun" and announcing the proposal without consulting Treasury would be seen as putting Treasury under pressure. This, he said, would not go down well with Treasury.
"Treasury was not consulted before this announcement was made and there are implications on the fiscus that need to be considered.
"R100 billion is a lot of money," he said.
Treasury said although it was yet to receive a proposal from Eskom, any debt relief proposal by the state-owned utility would have to be assessed in the context of the turnaround plan that Eskom was expected to share with government soon.
"Government's policy stance on the funding of state-owned companies remains that such funding must be done in a deficit-neutral manner," Treasury said in response to questions.
Eskom said it was in no position to comment on the R100 billion debt-relief proposal at this stage, except to say it was in the process of sharing the details of its strategic review with various strategic stakeholders.


Unlimited edition fine art giclee print printed on acid-free, museum-quality archival paper using the finest archival inks. Each print is signed and dated by the artist. The dimensions include a one inch white border.
"Girls Are Strong" is a tribute to my mother Merry Lou Foster Shaw who fought tirelessly for the Equal Rights Amendment when I was growing up. I accompanied her as she went to rallies in Philadelphia and Washington, DC where we marched and she gave speeches.
The names in the background are the names of the 112 females in our family. These are just a few whose lives have been affected by Merry Lou.
I don't believe that today's younger generation of women realizes that many of the rights they have are because of women like my mother. Women are 51% of the minority in the United States and the Equal Rights Amendment has never passed.


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text:
6 кілометр — пасажирська зупинна залізнична платформа Криворізької дирекції Придніпровської залізниці.

Розташована між с. Волочаївка П'ятихатський район та с. Гомельське, Криворізький район, Дніпропетровської області  на лінії Савро — Рядова між станціями Савро (6 км) та Рядова (4 км).

На платформі зупиняються приміські електропоїзди.

Джерела

Примітки

Зупинні пункти Придніпровської залізниці
Транспорт Криворізького району
Зупинні пункти Дніпропетровської області


ATLANTA — Boeing wants to make a passenger plane that can shuttle customers around the globe at five times the speed of sound.
Boeing, the world's largest aircraft manufacturer, says the concept is still in the early stages of development. Key technical challenges will need to be solved before the company will even produce a prototype, Boeing spokesperson Brianna Jackson said Wednesday.
It's possible the concept could become a reality in 20 to 30 years, Jackson said in an email.
"Developments takes years to complete, and even more so with a technology that requires additional testing and refinement as we work to understand how it might fit into the market place," she said.
Its passenger plane concept may be used by the U.S. military before it ever hits the commercial marketplace. Jackson, the spokesperson, did not give examples of its potential defense purpose, but instead pointed to the drone concept.
"[W]e'd see something like this first before a passenger hypersonic concept," Jackson said.
If Boeing's latest concept is realized it will easily rank among the fastest piloted vehicles ever flown.
Boeing isn't the only player in the game. Other companies — such as Lockheed Martin and Aerion Corporation — are also working to develop hypersonic aircrafts.
And Elon Musk's rocket startup, SpaceX, has plans to use the spaceship portion of its interplanetary transport system to shuttle people around the globe at unheard of speeds. Musk said at a space conference last year it could take passengers from New York to Shanghai in just half an hour.