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This is a list of notable men who have appeared in gay pornographic films. Pornography has become more mainstream and as of 2009 was a $13 billion industry in the United States; globally consumers spent more than US$3000 on porn every second of every day, in 2009. The gay market is estimated to be five to ten percent of the overall adult market.

Gay pornographic films trace their origins to the Athletic Model Guild, founded in Los Angeles in 1945, which produced photographs and still images later turned into films and porn loops. The modern roots of films can be traced to the early 1970s when movies were shown in New York theaters. Over time the "heterosexual adult industry blossomed in Southern California" and often included gay content. Several major shifts affected the gay porn industry: the advent of home video when anyone could purchase a movie to view in private; the AIDS pandemic, which compelled models to be extremely healthy-looking and caused safer sex depictions to become the standard on-screen; and the emergence of the Internet allowing live streaming, social networking and amateur pornography to change how stars are discovered, marketed and even viewed as the films do not have to be copied, packaged and delivered, although those options remain.

The list includes male actors in gay pornographic films who may be notable for their gay pornography and those who may be notable for other reasons or both. The listing is alphabetic by first name. Some performers have many pseudonyms and stage names (indicated here by a.k.a.). Multiple pseudonyms are utilized for a variety of reasons including legal constraints, the appearance of having more actors working at a studio, an actor's wishing to disguise how many films he is working on or that he is doing work for another studio, etc.

The men listed here are known to have appeared in a gay porn film; however, this does not necessarily mean they are gay—see gay-for-pay. Many of these men have also appeared in other forms of pornography, such as pornographic magazines. They may have appeared in other genres of pornography, including bisexual and heterosexual porn.

This list does not include performers who have appeared in other forms of pornography unless they have also appeared in a gay porn film. Many of these performers have been recognized with annual awards in various categories from "Best actor" to "Best top", "Best versatile performer" and even "Best non-sexual performance". There are also international porn awards, as well as discontinued awards, that apply to many of these performers and actors.

With the increasing use of the Internet for live-streaming of movies and video clips, as well as the use of social-networking websites and blogs, amateur porn and niche genres have increasingly competed against the major gay pornography film companies.

A

 Aiden Shaw – British gay pornographic actor. In 2004, Shaw starred in a gay porn film for Hot House Entertainment.
 Al Parker – Pornographic actor. Co-founder of Surge Studios. Parker is wildly regarded as a gay pornography icon of the late 1970s through the 1980s. Subject of Clone: the life and legacy of Al Parker, gay superstar.
Armond Rizzo

B

 Bernard Natan – Franco-Romanian gay pornographic actor. He was one of the earliest pornographic actors and directors.
 Billy Herrington – 2000 Probie winner; 2001 Grabby Awards winner, "Best group scene"; Conquered from All Worlds Video.
 Brandon Lee is an Asian American gay pornographic film actor of Chinese Filipino descent. He is regarded as the first gay Asian porn star and arguably the most popular Asian pornographic actor in contemporary gay male culture.
 Brent Corrigan – 2008 Golden Dickie winner, "Best Amateur Twink Performer – Bottom" for Fuck Me Raw while his studio at the time, Cobra Video, won for "Best (Amateur) Twink Studio" largely through his films. 2009 Grabby Awards winner, "Best bottom"; 2009 GayVN Awards winner, "Best bottom"; 2009 named Cybersocket "Top 50 porn star".
 Bruce LaBruce – Canadian filmmaker, photographer and underground adult director. His films explore themes of sexual and interpersonal transgression against cultural norms, frequently blending the artistic and production techniques of independent film with gay pornography.

C

 Carlo Masi is an Italian mathematics lecturer and former gay pornographic film actor.
 Casey Donovan a.k.a. Calvin (Cal) Culver; see Boys in the Sand.
 Chi Chi LaRue – 1990 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, "Best non-sexual performance"; 1993 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Best gender-bender".
 Chris Crocker – American gay pornographic actor.
 Christian Duffy a.k.a. Chris Duffy, and Bull Stanton – an American professional bodybuilder and actor who was the first well-known bodybuilder to appear in gay pornography starting in the mid-1990s with the Tom of Finland Company.
 Colby Keller – Awarded Cybersocket Web Award for Best Personality.
 Cole Tucker – 1997 Probie winner; 1998 Probie winner; 1998 Grabby Awards winner, "Best performer" (tie); 1998 GayVN Awards winner, "Gay performer of the year"; 1998 GayVN Awards winner, "Best supporting actor"; 2000 GayVN Awards winner, "Special achievement"; Grabby Award hall of famer.
 Colton Ford – stage name of Glenn Soukesian, a former gay adult film star. Has developed a successful mainstream acting career and released a number of musical albums, remixes and singles. 2001 Grabby Awards winner, "Best group scene", Conquered from All Worlds Video; 2003 GayVN Awards winner, "Gay performer of the year" (tie) for self-titled film, Colton.

D

 Danny Wylde – American pornographic actor who appeared in several gay pornographic films along with straight and bisexual pornographic films. He started his adult film career at age 19.

E

 Erik Rhodes – Falcon Studios exclusive; 2007 Grabby Award winner; 2009 named Cybersocket "Top 50 porn star".
 Eric Stryker – American gay pornographic actor.

F

 Flex-Deon Blake – an African-American actor who in 2004 was inducted into the Grabby Awards "Wall of Fame". The Tim Dean book, Unlimited Intimacy: Reflections on the Subculture of Barebacking, treats his controversial film Niggas' Revenge showing the way it fetishizes the simultaneous transgression of a number of taboos.
 François Sagat – 2007 Grabby Awards winner; 2007 GayVN Awards winner, "Performer of the year". A French male pornographic actor with cult status and equally famous in mainstream media, best known for his rugged looks and scalp tattoo. A successful model and actor, he appeared in Saw VI and lead roles in L.A. Zombie and Homme au bain. Famous as a director of his own Incubus adult film series.
 Fred Halsted – American gay pornographic actor.

G

 George Payne – XRCO Hall of Fame member
 Gus Mattox – 2005 Grabby Award winner, "Best actor"; Dangerous Liaisons from Lucas Entertainment; 2006 GayVN Awards winner, "Performer of the year".

H

I

J

 J.D. Slater – 2003 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame"; Grabby Awards hall of famer.
 Jack Mackenroth – American HIV activist and Project Runway contestant who began his pornographic career through OnlyFans in early 2018.
 Jack Radcliffe – American gay pornographic actor is considered an icon of gay bear subculture.
 Jack Wrangler – 1992 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Hall of fame".
 Jackie Beat – 1995 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Best non-sex performance".
 Jake Andrews – 1996 Grabby Awards winner, "Best supporting actor" (tie); Code of Conduct from Falcon Studios; 1997 Probie winner.
 Jamie Gillis – actor in over 470 pornographic films, mostly straight; has been inducted into AVN Hall of Fame, and XRCO Hall of Fame.
 Jeff Stryker – 1986 Gay XRCO Awards winner, "Best actor"; 1997 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, "Best duo scene"; Grabby Awards hall of famer.
 Jim Steel – 2002 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame".
 Joe Gage – 2005 Grabby Awards winner, "Best non-sex performance"; Beyond Perfect from Buckshot Productions; 2006 GayVN Awards winner, "Best non-sex performance"; Beyond Perfect from Buckshot Productions.
 Joey Stefano – 1987 Gay XRCO Awards winner, "Best newcomer"; 1990 Adam Gay Video "Dave" Awards winner, 1990 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, "Best performer"; More of a Man from All Worlds Video; 1994 AVN Award winner, "Performer of the year".
 Johnny Hazzard – 2003 Grabby Awards winner, "Best group scene"; Dentention from Rascal Video/Channel 1 Releasing; 2004 Grabby winner, "Best duo scene", "Best group scene"; 2004 GayVN winner, "Best group scene";2005 Grabby winner, "Best actor"; 2005 GayVN Awards winner, "Best group scene"; 2007 Grabby Award winner; 2006 GayVN winner, "Best actor", "Best duo scene", "Best solo"; 2008 GayVN Awards winner, "Best group scene"; 2009 named Cybersocket "Top 50 porn star".
 Johnny Rahm – 1991 Grabby Awards winner, "Best supporting actor"; 1993 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Best supporting actor"; 1995 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, 1995 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, "Best supporting actor"; 2001 Grabby winner, "Best non-sex performance"; Porn Fiction from Gino Pictures Gold.
 Johnny Rapid – American gay pornographic actor.
 Jon Vincent – 1993 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner; Idol Thoughts from Catalina Video.
 Josh Weston – 2003 GayVN Awards "Performer of the Year" for Deep South, Part 1

K

  – a Japanese baseball player for the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters in Japan's Pacific League. He started his career with Major League Baseball's Cleveland Indians in the United States because of a gay porn video scandal, which forced him to leave Japan. Tadano was in porn with college teammates as gay-for-pay performers.
 Ken Sprague aka Dakota – American gay pornographic actor.
 Kip Noll aka Kip Knoll – one of the first superstars in the gay porn industry in the 1970s and 1980s.
 Kurt Lockwood – American gay pornographic actor. He also performed in homosexual and transexual pornographic films. He started his gay pornographic career in 2008.
 Kurt Marshall – born in 1965, he acted in only four films, but the gay pornographic industry trade publication Unzipped named him one of the top 100 gay porn stars of all time in 2006. He was also called one of the "most beautiful" gay adult film stars of the 1980s. At age 18–19, he starred in the highly influential Sizing Up, The Other Side of Aspen II, Splash Shots, and Night Flight. He tested HIV positive in 1986 and died of AIDS complications at age 22.

L

 Leo Ford – an American who in the 1980s was considered a twink, and travelled worldwide doing jerk-off shows. He dated Divine (actor) and was the butt cover model for one of The Smiths albums
 Logan McCree – known for his distinctive tattoos over most of his body, including his penis and scalp. In 2004, he was Germany's Mr. Leather. 2009 GayVN Awards winner: Performer of the Year; Best Sex Scene, The Drifter with Vinnie D'Angelo; and Best Threesome, in To the Last Man. 2009 Grabby Awards winner of: Best Actor in The Drifter; Best Duo Sex Scene, The Drifter; and Best Three-Way Sex Scene, To The Last Man. 2010 XBIZ Awards Gay Performer of the Year. 2010 GayVN Awards winner: Best Actor in The Visitor.
 Lukas Ridgeston (a.k.a. Jan) – 1996 Grabby Awards winner, "Hot shot"; 1996 Probie winner; 1996 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner; 2000 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame"; 2006 GayVN Awards winner, "Best Actor – Foreign Release"; Lukas in Love from Bel Ami.

M

 Marc Stevens – an American pioneering sex industry figure during the 1970s in New York City. He appeared in over 80 pornographic movies including the "Golden Age of Porn", and also led an erotic dance troupe and performed in live sex shows. While he predominantly appeared in heterosexual films and loops, he was bisexual and made a number of gay movies as well. His penis was famously photographed by Robert Mapplethorpe. Stevens was posthumously inducted into the XRCO Hall of Fame on April 30, 2008.
 Marc Wallice a.k.a. Don Webber, Jay B. David, Marc Gold, Marc Goldberg, Marc Wallace, Mark Wallace, Mark Wallice – an American pornographic actor, model, director, editor, and writer starting in 1982. He started out with non-speaking roles, but worked his way up to being very active doing more than 1,300 heterosexual porn movies. As Don Weber he appeared in at least one gay porn film, A Matter of Size as well as modeling. 1990 AVN Best Group Sex Scene; 1992 XRCO Best Actor (Single Performance); 1993 AVN Best Group Sex Scene; 1993 XRCO Male Performer of the Year; AVN Hall of Fame; and XRCO Hall of Fame.
 Marcus Allen – an American gay pornography model and actor in the mid-2000s convicted of a first-degree shooting death of a Denver philanthropist in 2006. As Allen he was 2003 Freshmen of the year which led to work with Falcon Entertainment.
 Matt Sanchez a.k.a. Pierre LaBranche, Rod Majors – a United States Marine Corps reservist awarded the first "Jeane Kirkpatrick Academic Freedom Award" at the Conservative Political Action Conference at which Ann Coulter referred to John Edwards as a faggot. In the aftermath Sanchez's adult entertainment career was revealed in contrast to the comment.
 Matthew Rush a.k.a. Greg Grove – 2001 Grabby Award winner, "Best newcomer" and "best solo"; Alone With 1 from Falcon Studios; 2002 Grabby winner, "Best Performer"; 2002 GayVN Awards winner, "Best newcomer"; 2003 Grabby winner, "Best performer", "Best duo"; 2004 Grabby winner "Hottest Ass"; 2005 Grabby winner, "Wall of fame".
 Michael Brandon – 2001 Grabby Awards winner, "Best performer"; 2002 GayVN Awards winner, "Gay performer of the year"; 2003 GayVN Awards winner, "Best gay performer of the year" (tie).
 Michael Lucas a.k.a. Ramzes Kairoff – 2001 GayVN Awards winner, "Best solo scene"; 2007 GayVN Awards winner, "Best actor", "Best threesome", Michael Lucas' La Dolce Vita (2006) from Lucas Entertainment, a gay pornographic remake of the Federico Fellini classic La dolce vita, that won all fourteen GayVN Awards for which it was nominated; 2009 GayVN "Hall of fame"; 2009 Cybersocket "Top 50 porn stars". He is openly gay and has appeared in more than seventy of his own films.

N

 Nicky Crane – British gay pornographic actor.

O

P

 Paul Barresi – 2007 GayVN Awards winner, "Best non-sex performance"; 2008 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame"; Grabby Award hall of famer.
 Peter Berlin – 2007 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame".
 Peter North a.k.a. Matt Ramsey, better known for heterosexual porn, directing and producing.

Q

R

 Rich Merritt – American gay pornographic actor who appeared in gay pornographic films under name "Danny Orlis".
 Rick Cassidy – American gay pornographic actor used name "Jim Cassidy" for pornography.
 Rod Barry – 1997 Gay Erotic Video Awards nominee for Best Newcomer. 1998 Gay Erotic Video Awards nominee for Best Top. 1998 Grabby Awards winner of Best Supporting Actor in "A Lesson Learned" (All Worlds Video). 2002 Grabby Awards nominee for Best Supporting Actor, Best Duo Sex Scene and Best Trio Sex Scene. 2002 GayVN Awards winner of Best Supporting Actor in "White Trash". 2004 GayVN Awards winner of Best Group Scene with Johnny Hazzard, Theo Blake, Alex LeMonde, Kyle Lewis, Dillon Press, Troy Punk, Shane Rollins, Rob Romoni, Anthony Shaw, Sebastian Tauza in "Bolt" (Rascal Video). 2005 GayVN Awards nominee for Best Actor in "Thirst". 2006 Grabby Awards winner of Hottest Versatile Performer. 2008 GayVN Awards inducted into the Hall of Fame.
 Ryan Driller – started his pornographic career by gay porn films under the name "Jeremy Bilding". He was a 2010 XBIZ Awards nominee for "Gay Performer of the Year".
 Ryan Idol – 1993 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Best oral scene"; ''Idol Thoughts from Catalina Video; 1995 Probie winner best porn star; 1994 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, "Best performer".

S

 Sam Jensen Page a.k.a. Sam Tyson, Samuel Francis – fitness journalist, trainer and fitness center owner in Los Angeles; founded and published HERO Magazine; former adult porn model and actor.
 Scott Masters – 2000 GayVN Awards winner, "Lifetime achievement".
 Scott "Spunk" O'Hara – a gay American pornographic performer, poet, editor/publisher of the quarterly men's journal Steam, and author. He wrote Rarely pure and never simple: selected essays of Scott O'Hara, Autopornography: a memoir of life in the lust lane, SeXplorers: the guide to doing it on the road, and Do-it-yourself piston polishing (for non-mechanics). Died of AIDS complications, leaving his personal papers (consisting of 39 boxes of journals, correspondences, notes, and manuscripts) with the John Hay Library of Brown University.
 Simon Rex a.k.a. Sebastian – American actor, television personality and rapper best known as one of the first MTV VJ's;1997 AVN Award, Best Gay Solo Video, for Hot Sessions #3.
 Stonie – nominated for "Best Newcomer" at the 2001 GayVN Awards. Stonie later became a trans woman, Brittany CoxXx, and appeared in Brittany's Transformation, which was nominated for a 2009 AVN Award for "Best Transsexual Release".

T

 Tag Eriksson – 2003 Grabby Awards winner, "Best newcomer" and "Best solo"; 2004 GayVN Awards winner, "Best solo".
 Thierry Schaffauser – French gay pornographic actor. He won the Erotic Award in 2010.
 Tiger Tyson – 2008 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame"; founder of Tiger Tyson Productions and co-founder of Pitbull Productions. Starred in over two dozen pornographic films, and directed several others.
 Tim Barnett a.k.a. Bradford Thomas Wagner – American real estate agent and pornographic actor who died by suicide while in police custody as a suspected serial rapist; he appeared in at least twenty gay porn films as Barnett in the early 1990s.
 Tom Chase – 1997 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Best top"; 1997 Probie winner, "Best actor"; 1998 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, 1998 GayVN Awards winner, "Best duo scene"; 1999 Probie winner; 2000 Probie winner; 2004 GayVN Awards winner, "Hall of fame".
Ty Mitchell

U

V

W

 Wade Nichols – American gay pornographic actor.
 Will Clark – 1998 Grabby Award winner, "Best performer" (tie); 1998 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner, "Leo Ford humanitarian award"; Grabby Award hall of famer.
 Will Wikle – American gay pornographic actor. In 2008, Wikle was cast as the villain, Jasper, in the gay proof sequel Another Gay Sequel: Gays Gone Wild!, released December 9, 2008. In 2016, he starred in the gay adult film The Stillest Hour for CockyBoys.

X

Y

 Yusaf Mack – American gay pornographic actor.

Z

 Zak Spears – 1993 AVN Award (pre-GayVN Awards) winner, 1993 Grabby Awards winner, "Best newcomer", "Best supporting performer"; 1993 Gay Erotic Video Awards winner; 1994 "Best actor" (tie); 1994 Adam Gay Video "Dave" Awards winner, "Best sex scene"; 1997 Probie winner; 2002 GayVN Awards winner, "Best actor" (tie);2004 Grabby winner, "Best duo scene", "Best non-sex performance"; 2005 GayVN winner, "Best non-sex performance"; Grabby Award hall of famer.
 Zebedy Colt – American gay pornographic actor.

See also

 Adult Erotic Gay Video Awards (Grabbys)
 Discontinued gay pornography awards
 Gay Erotic Video Awards
 Grabby recipients
 List of gay porn movie studios
 List of gay porn magazines

References

Lists of LGBT-related people
Gay porn
Gay
Homosexuality-related lists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Stopping "wants to make changes" password prompts on secondary account when performing admin tasks I have a secondary user account that I use for work. Both my primary account and this one are set to Admin.
When installing software updates (and in other instances that require higher privileges) while logged in on my secondary account, macOS will ask me for my secondary account's password.
This does not happen on my primary account, and I wish for it to stop happening on my secondary account too.
How can I make macOS stop asking for my secondary account's password every time a change needs to be made?

A: You need one admin account for  his operation. If You don't have one:

*

*I don't have administrator account on my mac
Stopping the prompt is going to be hard, so eithe you'll want to make your current account an admin and use that password for this or use another admin user/password when prompted. You  do not have to log out of your current standard user, just that you have to use an admin with it's admin password

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
mdigital » Funk » The Three Degrees - Maybe
The Three Degrees - Maybe download mp3 album
The_Three_Degrees Soul 1974 US
MOD ASF XM AAC ADX AA MPC
Redirected from Maybe (The Three Degrees album)). The Three Degrees is an American female vocal group, which was originally formed in 1963 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although a total of 15 women have been a member over the years, the group has always been a trio. The current line-up consists of Valerie Holiday, Helen Scott and Freddie Pool
Maybe (LP, Album, Promo). Maybe (2xCD, Album, RM, Unofficial). Big Break Records (2). CDBBRX0180. 2916 002. The Three Degrees. Three Degrees (LP, Album).
3D is a studio album by vocal trio The Three Degrees released in late 1979. The album which was produced by Giorgio Moroder yielded two successful single releases, "Jump The Gun" and "My Simple Heart". "Without You" and "Starlight" were also released as singles, but failed to make any impact on the singles chart. In the US "Set Me Free" was released and was a hit in the clubs and US Disco Charts. The album peaked at in the UK album charts.
Features Song Lyrics for The Three Degrees's Maybe album. The Three Degrees - Maybe Album Lyrics. 1. MacArthur Park Lyrics. 2. You're the One Lyrics. 3. Sugar on Sunday Lyrics. The Three Degrees Lyrics provided by SongLyrics. Do you like this album?
Sheila Diana Ferguson (born October 8, 1947) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and author. She was the second longest-serving member of the 1970s American female soul music group The Three Degrees, singing lead vocals on most of the group's biggest hits, most notably "When Will I See You Again", which was a huge international success topping the UK Singles Chart and peaked at in the US.
This song is by The Three Degrees and appears on the album Maybe (1970). This song is a cover of "Maybe" by The Chantels. You know girls:It's hard to find a guy that really blows your mindAnd you just dig everything about himAnd when you mess up your good thingYou feel like you wanna dieI know because I messed up mine.
Maybe (Mono Version) (3:40) 14. Collage (Mono Version) (3:00) 15. Sugar On Sunday (Mono Version) (3:20) 16. I Do Take You (Mono Version) (3:16) 17. You're The Fool (Mono Version) (2:46) 18. You're The One (Mono Version) (3:23) 19. Stardust (Mono Version) (3:55) 20. There's So Much Love All Around Me (Mono Version) (2:18) 21. Yours (Long Single Version) (3:02). The Three Degrees – Maybe (1970) 2016. Hardline - Life ( CD 2019 ) AOR/Melodic rock.
You're the Fool Lyrics. You're the fool For thinking everybody's a fool for you, ha You're the fool For thinking everybody's a fool for you. Now take a look at yourself And tell me who do you think you are You're longing from here to there You're breaking heart right after heart. 6. Macarthur Park (Missing Lyrics).
A1 Collage 2:59
A2 You're The One 3:23
A3 Sugar On Sunday 3:23
A4 Maybe 5:37
A5 You're The Fool 2:50
B1 McArthur Park 6:43
B2 Rosegarden 2:40
B3 Stardust 4:08
B4 Lonely Town 2:50
B5 The Magic Door 2:20
Arranged By – Sammy Lowe, Steve Swanson
Producer – Richard Barrett
SR-42050 The Three Degrees Maybe (LP, Album) Roulette SR-42050 US 1970
RTS-103 The Three Degrees Maybe (LP, Album) Roulette RTS-103 Australia 1970
SR-42050 The Three Degrees Maybe (LP, Album, Promo) Roulette SR-42050 US 1970
CDBBRX0180 The Three Degrees Maybe (2xCD, Album, RM, Unofficial) Big Break Records CDBBRX0180 Russia 2013
2916 002 The Three Degrees Three Degrees (LP, Album) Mojo 2916 002 UK 1971
Similar to The Three Degrees - Maybe
The P.O.D. - Something's Going On album mp3
Various - Motion: A Six Degrees Dance Collection album mp3
The Three Degrees - Maybe / Collage album mp3
The Three Degrees - Toast Of Love album mp3
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The Three Degrees - Trade Winds / I Turn To You album mp3
The Three Degrees - When Will I See You Again album mp3
Three Degrees, The - The Runner album mp3
The 3° Degrees - I'm Gonna Need You / Just Right For Love album mp3
The Three Degrees - Hot Summer Night album mp3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Our team is currently presenting the iBody technology at the BIO International Convention in San Diego.
BIO performs many services for members, but none of them are more visible than the BIO International Convention. The BIO International Convention helps BIO fulfill its mission to help grow the global biotech industry. Profits from the BIO International Convention are returned to the biotechnology industry by supporting BIO programs and initiatives. BIO works throughout the year to create a policy environment that enables the industry to continue to fulfill its vision of bettering the world through biotechnology innovation.


MOD requires Cyber Essentials for all suppliers bidding on new contracts as of 1st January 2016. The MOD has recommended that suppliers start working towards Cyber Essential Certification now.
A statement has been circulated by trade associations and member companies of the joint MOD-industry Defence Cyber Protection Partnership (DCPP) to Defence suppliers. It explains the reasons for implementation of the Cyber Essentials Scheme and refers to it as a significant, but welcome, step for the whole Defence supply chain. The Defence Cyber Protection Partnership (DCPP) has now become a key part of the defence sector response.
DCPP is joint government-industry initiative established to improve the level of cyber-security throughout the defence supply chain. CES is a core part of DCPP's Cyber Security Model which introduces additional controls appropriate for higher risks and will be introduced in Q2 2016.
CES certification will become the baseline requirement for companies in the UK defence supply chain. Suppliers are strongly encouraged to start working towards achieving it.
The requirement by the MOD for Cyber Essentials Scheme certification assists the MOD with defining a baseline for their third party assurance. As with all companies, certifying under the Cyber Essentials Scheme is a useful starting point to building resilience against 80% of cyber threats. The DCPP has the following statement in its overview.
"Requirements are progressive as you move up the risk profiles, so the lower levels are the foundation of the higher levels and each level builds on the ones before. The lowest DCPP requirement ('Very Low') is Cyber Essentials (Cyber Essentials Plus for those assessed as 'Low' or higher) to align with existing HMG policy, so as a minimum it is recommended that all defence suppliers look to achieve compliance with this scheme".
The message is very clear from the MOD- Cyber Essentials implementation is certainly the first step to comply with the MOD scheme, and companies should start working towards certification now. However all UK businesses who want to take the first steps to cyber security would benefit from Cyber Essentials as a good starting point.


Clipper Race CEO William Ward along with crew members who are raising money for Official Race Charity Unicef were invited to The DAVA Centre in the Hoa Vang District of Da Nang this week to see first-hand how Unicef supports children with disabilities in Vietnam. Opened in May 2011 with the financial support of Unicef, and managed by the Da Nang Association for Victims of Agent Orange (DAVA) and volunteers, the day care centre receives over 90 children with disabilities every day.
The children greeted their Clipper Race crew visitors with big smiles and a special dance performance before Centre Director Madame Nguyen Thi Hien formally welcomed the group, including representatives from Unicef Vietnam and explained the purpose of the centre and the important work it does.
The crew, who represented the Unicef, Da Nang – Viet Nam, GREAT Britain, Visit Seattle, Garmin, LMAX Exchange, PSP Logistics, Qingdao and Mission Performance teams, got to meet the children as they toured the centre facilities and got involved in activities including colouring, incense stick making, sewing and art. They also met seriously paralysed children who receive massage therapy and respite care at the centre.
It was a particularly fitting visit for crew member Mel Thompson, who along with her team is raising money for Unicef as they race. Mel says: "I am a special needs teacher back home in the UK so I was very interested to come today and see the work of a project that is very close to my heart in that way. It reminded me of the guys I teach back at home and the importance of having facilities like this, no matter where in the world they live, that they can go to and feel safe and happy.
Following the invite to the centre, the children were in return invited for a day out to visit the Unicef yacht and explore the boat with the guidance of the crew members.
Jesper Moller, Deputy Country Representative for Unicef in Vietnam, says: "The interaction in Da Nang between the Clipper Race crew and the children has been incredibly positive and has provided a great opportunity for people to see the important work Unicef does on the ground here.
Skipper Paul Atwood, who leads the Unicef yacht, said the interaction with the young people with disabilities had put the race challenge into perspective, as he said: "It has been fantastic to learn more about the cause we represent while we are here in Vietnam. Next time I or my crew are feeling cold and wet and are finding life tough on board, we will definitely remember our experience here.
All local currency donated to Clipper Race staff before the teams leave Vietnam for Qingdao will go directly to the DAVA Centre.
Click here to see images of Clipper Race crew visiting the DAVA Centre on Unicef Vietnam's Facebook Page.
Photo Credit: UNICEF Viet Nam\2016\Truong Viet Hung.


Yaqi who is well-versed in classical piano, was awarded the silver award in the Chinese Art Festival Piano Competition in 2012. At LASALLE, she has performed in Siren Call, choreographed by her senior Eva Tey, and toured with the piece to JB Arts Festival in September 2014. She has trained in classical ballet, contemporary dance, as well as hip-hop and jazz dance forms. She has performed in these genres for choreographers such as XT, Jenny Neo, Goh Shou Yi, and Dapheny Chen. Working in choreography is one of her goals and she hopes to pursue this through further study.
The Last Act 2015 is a cabaret-style evening of entertainment featuring all the graduating students from the Faculty of Performing Arts Diploma programmes. The performance is jam-packed with song, dance, music and movement.
Join us to celebrate the achievements of these skillful graduands with performers from the Diploma in Dance, Diploma in Music and Diploma in Performance programmes, and production personnel from the Diploma in Technical and Production Management and Diploma in Audio Production programmes.


June - Invasion of Persia by Sultan Selim I of the Ottoman Empire.
August 23 - Battle of Chaldiran. Selim I crushes the Persian army of Shah Ismail I.
September 5 - Selim captures the Persian capital of Tabriz without encountering any resistance, but is unable to hold it.
January 15 - Diebold Schilling the Younger, author of the "Luzerner Schilling"
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Home Boxeo
Dimitri Bivol – Gilberto Ramirez preview
in Boxeo
Posted on 11/05/2022.
By: Sean Cross
On Saturday, WBA light heavyweight champion Dimitri Bivol will face undefeated former world champion Gilberto Ramirez in Abu Dhabi. The DAZN telecast will be Roman "Chocoletito" Gonzalez's last major fight of the year aside from his third bout against Juan Francisco Estrada in Arizona next month. It's only fitting that Bivol Ramirez, a fight that was aired on broadcast television in the glorious 70s and 80s on weekend afternoons, aired on Saturday afternoons in the US.
Photo: Matchroom
Ramirez, 44-0, has been working toward a fight like this for some time. At one point, he was close to a match on HBO. Once that pay cable network abandoned boxing, Ramirez continued to plug out of the spotlight, winning the super middleweight world title along the way. With Saturday's victory aside, Ramirez will truly step from the sidelines into the spotlight. There is no doubt that this fight means a lot to the golden boy fighter.
The 20-0 Bivol, meanwhile, isn't exactly resting after taking the fight world to the mainstream when he upset rival Canelo Alvarez last May. That decisive win let the world know just how good the now 20-0 Russian fighter is. With a rematch with Canelo on the horizon next year, Bivol has every reason in the world to want to come out victorious this weekend. He's going against the real thing in Ramirez, but… that's what makes this fight so exciting.
The Dimitri Bivol-Gilberto Ramirez fight is scheduled for 12 rounds.
Chelsea 'pushing hard' to sign €60m teenager


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June 14, 2002 One Guys Opinion
Is there any hoarier premise for an action thriller–the old chestnut about an amnesiac, rescued from certain death and hunted by shadowy enemies, who just might be some sort of government agent? The premise is so musty that it was the basis for an old, long-forgotten TV series (Herb Brodkin's "Coronet Blue," which aired briefly in 1967); even this take on the scenario by Robert Ludlum is a retread, having previously served as the basis for not only his book but an ABC miniseries starring Richard Chamberlain back in 1988.
Yet in the hands of Doug Liman, who gets his big studio break after helming the intriguing indies "Swingers" and "Go," "The Bourne Identity" seems almost freshly minted. Thanks to the director's clear eye for composition and skill at choreographing brisk action sequences, the great work of the design team led by Dan Weil, Oliver Wood's classy cinematography (which makes good use of the European locales and the satisfyingly jagged effect a hand-held camera can provide if sensitively employed) and Saar Klein's sharp editing, the picture takes viewers on a old-fashioned roller-coaster ride hearkening back to all the Hitchcock classics about a "wrong man" on the run from relentless pursuers. There's nothing terribly suspenseful in the plot–we're made aware within minutes who the poor fellow fished out of the Mediterranean with two bullet holes in his back is and what his mission was, and why rogue elements of the U.S. intelligence establishment are out to get him; nor is there much doubt about how things are going to turn out. But Tony Gilroy and William Blake Herron have done an astute job of updating Ludlum's Cold War tale to the contemporary world, and Liman and his collaborators, like Hitchcock himself, prove adept at grabbing the viewer and carrying him along even in the absence of plausibility and any great twists or shocking revelations. The picture may seem a weightless thing in retrospect, but while it's unfolding it's exciting and engrossing.
This kind of piece, of course, depends not only on the craftsmen behind the camera but the leads in front of it–plural, needless to say, because every runaway hero requires an attractive, unexpectedly resourceful girl to help him along the way. Liman is fortunate indeed in the casting of Matt Damon and Franka Potente in these roles. Damon ably exhibits both the strong physicality and the underlying emotional vulnerability needed to make Jason Bourne–the name by which the character is mostly known in the picture–a guy one can both buy as a master CIA assassin who can outfight and outshoot anybody and get out of the toughest of crapes, and sympathize with despite his character's admittedly dark past. What's great about Damon's work here is that he shows himself not merely a credible action star but a quite capable actor; with this performance and his excellent turn in "The Talented Mr. Ripley," he establishes himself as one of the best young leading men in the business. For Potente, who starred in Tom Tykwer's cult classic "Run Lola Run," the role of Marie Kreutz could represent her breakthrough to international stardom, much as similar parts brought European leading ladies to the attention of American audiences in the thirties and forties. She captures the character's uncertainty, fear, growing confidence and increasing affection for Bourne without falling into cliche, and exudes a sense of foreign mystique which is always fetching. The villains have been well-selected, too. Gloomy-faced Chris Cooper manages to suggest a real streak of meanness as the CIA operative who's Bourne's nemesis, while beefy Brian Cox easily inhabits the role of Cooper's more politically attuned superior. There are also a number of steely-eyed killers sent out to terminate Bourne, with extreme prejudice as they used to say, and among them Clive Owen stands out for a scene in which he and Damon stalk each other in the wintry French countryside. Julia Stiles is perfect in a small secondary role–that of a well-appointed young woman who presides over surveillance devices at a CIA haven in the French capital. It's not a showy part, but the actress makes the most of it.
"The Bourne Identity" doesn't attempt anything innovative, but it succeeds by doing the tried and true very effectively: even an old-style car chase through the streets of Paris has real electricity to it. The picture is proof that though the material may be recycled, a well-chosen cast and a high level of craftsmanship can still work wonders with it. Sheer professionalism, it appears, is sometimes enough; in this case it makes even a Ludlum potboiler feel like a solid Le Carre–no mean achievement.
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Krampus started something last year. Making horror themed Christmas movies wasn't really a thing until some historic folklore and the creative mind behind Trick R' Treat brought the Pre-Christian Alpine folkloric creature to American audiences. Now, you will find memes, collectibles, and "ugly Christmas Sweaters" with the horned figure on it.
Then there's the 'B' movie, straight to video films that find a way to make clever use of the idea. A Christmas Horror Story does that,and stars William Shatner, and Zoe De Grand Maison but they manage to twist it into a modified anthology tale that has a pretty decent gift at the end. An asylum, a strange kid, Krampus, and a problem Santa has at his factory with some of his elves are the stories told almost simultaneously in this film. While they do sort of come together at the end, the way the film plays out may confuse some audiences.
The film is not rated but there are some sexually suggestive themes and adult language so you might want to do your own 'PG-13' rating for it. It's not bad movie, but its certainly better than watching It's A Wonderful Life or A Christmas Story for the millionth time in your life.


In 1984, Robert Gallo (an American biomedical researcher) announced that a retrovirus called HIV was the "probable cause" of AIDS. Your immune system contains different types of cells that help protect the body from infection. One of these types of specialized cells are called the CD4 or T-cells. AIDS establishment claimed that HIV attacks these types of cells and uses them to make more copies of HIV. And in doing so, HIV weakens the immune system, making it unable to protect the body from illness and infection. Until '84, this was the only credible hypothesis and the US government supported the HIV theory and began funding retroviral research.
It's never been done because whatever benign retrovirus that's being labeled as HIV simply doesn't behave in this manner, nor can it be proven to cause cellular death in the host. The HIV Virus doesn't exist in nature.
The doctor usually draws blood to measure the number of functioning CD4 cells; the higher the number, the stronger your immune system. The AIDS establishment said that people without HIV infection have about 700 to 1000 CD4 cells in a drop of blood the size of a pea. HIV infected people are considered to have "normal" CD4 counts if the number is above 500 CD4 cells in that same size drop of blood. If the number of CD4 cells or T-cells in that drop of blood ever drops below 200 CD4 cells, you are classified as having AIDS. It doesn't mean that HIV causes AIDS. The fact that you have lees CD4 cells doesn't mean you're sick. There are people without CD4 cells and they live a normal life. Some have less CD4 counts and live a normal life. Besides, the body can make more CD4 cells to replace the ones that have been lost.
The problem is that AIDS case in Africa has been defined officially by the health organization in 1985 as a cluster of clinical symptoms not by firm confirmation of the presence of HIV in the body. The symptoms are the classic symptoms of malnutrition, tuberculosis, malaria, and long standing diseases of poverty and underdevelopment. These were defined by western researchers to constitute an AIDS case in Africa. That is what is being counted. Africa has epidemic of Malaria, parasitic infection like hook worm infections, and long standing diseases of poverty and underdevelopment. AIDS is always associated with other illnesses, disease which deteriorates our immune system. The AIDS tests they do nowadays don't show that one has HIV virus. Doctors are prescribing AIDS drugs to healthy individuals. HIV tests are the biggest scam.
The first recognized cases of AIDS occurred in the USA in the early 1980s. A number of gay men in New York and California suddenly began to develop rare opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment. At this time, AIDS did not yet have a name, but it quickly became obvious that all the men were suffering from a common syndrome. The reason these people fell sick is because they abused drugs a lot especially nitrite poppers. Gay men were using poppers and other cell-damaging, mutagenic drugs in huge quantities in the 1970s, immediately prefiguring the first outbreak of AIDS diseases. But the spectre of AIDS didn't stop recreational drug use. Many gay men in the party scene continue to abuse the same drugs, including nitrite poppers.
AZT is a DNA chain terminator. AZT kills your DNA. It kills your bone marrow, where your blood is produced; it kills the cells in your intestines so you can't eat. AZT was designed 40 years ago as a chemotherapy drug to treat cancer. The principle of chemotherapy is simple - to kill all cells. If chemotherapy works, the cancer cells are dead before you are. But it doesn't work often, and there's terrible collateral damage.
AZT was approved on the basis of fraudulent research. The Phase 2 AZT Trials were conducted by the FDA in 1986 and monitored by Burroughs-Wellcome (now Glaxo-Wellcome), who manufacture the drug. Incidentally, Wellcome is the same corporation that first manufactured nitrite poppers for heart pain. The Phase 2 trials were supposed to demonstrate that AZT was "safe and effective." The report on the trials, published in 1987, claimed that AZT dramatically prevented people with AIDS from dying. But these results were based on fraud. The AZT which they gave to millions of people across the globe killed a lot of people. The drug, AZT which they gave to people caused, AIDS.
Let's not have the US government paying the drugs to poison Africa. AIDS has been around for 60,000 years but what causes it is NOT "HIV", its drug use that toxes the human immune system. The pharmaceutical companies have figured out a way to make money on it by claiming it's caused from a virus, it's not.


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Co-operation Eases the Commodity Crunch
Tuesday, May 3, 2016 in Blog
Over the past year, 50 metal scrapyards in North America have ceased operations and hundreds of others are stockpiling their inventories under the pretense of waiting out the downswing in prices for steel, iron ore, and other commodities, and for the demand slowdown and oversupply in China.
By Jessica Kirby, Solid Waste & Recycling Magazine
In the US, this means a stall in the $105-billion industry, which includes many small businesses associated with the scrap sector. US scrap steel exports fell to $4.1 billion in 2015, down 34% from $6.2 billion in 2014, and index prices say scrap steel prices have fallen 29% to $203 a ton from $261 per ton a year ago in the US.
Canadian recyclers are also feeling the pinch, but for them it is a two-sided coin. Low prices, dips in the mining sector, and global demand – items affecting the auto recycling economy in general – are global issues, but Canadians have an unsurprising advantage—their co-operative nature.
The actual business of auto recycling in Canada is North American in nature says Steve Fletcher, managing director for the Automotive Recyclers of Canada (ARC). Fletcher says the economy is very much integrated with the US when it comes to suppliers, buyers, participants, and how they approach business.
"We share a lot in common, but Canada is often times more progressive than the US in terms of how the industry is evolving," he says. "Canadians have a strong ability to co-operate. We have common problems and approach it as, 'So, how do I solve this' rather than looking for blame."
Important progress towards leveling the playing field and professionalizing the industry has been mostly positive, but progress can be a drawback for some smaller operations not in the position to make sweeping regulatory changes to comply.
Auto recycling regulation hasn't seen a significant overhaul since the 70s at which time minimal requirements were put in place to obtain a licence. Over the past five years, ARC has been encouraging the provincial governments to modernize their legislation and adopt its voluntary Canadian Auto Recyclers' Environmental Code (CAREC)–essentially, a road map of how auto recyclers should improve compliance and demonstrate best practices.
"We are telling them there is a problem with the way vehicles are being depolluted," says Fletcher. "People always want the metals, but the difficulty lies in how the vehicles are prepared for shredding and how the metallic recovery is done. There are many things in a car that need to be stewarded."
British Columbia was the first to implement a requirement to have an environmental management system in place about eight years ago. In March, Ontario passed a requirement for a processing standard for anyone in vehicle recycling, making it against the law to shred a car that has not been depolluted.
PEI has a similar regulation in place requiring recyclers to meet updated environmental rules and regulations, and with three provinces on board the momentum is gaining. Other provinces are beginning to ramp up their inclinations for minimum standards and best practices.
"Our industry is unique in that the inventory required comes from end-of-life vehicles," says Fletcher. "We can't order them; we have to find the vehicles, store them, and do the sales activity needed to make profit. When there are no standards, the person with the lowest operating standards can bid the most and we think 50 to 60 per cent of vehicles are not going to legitimate auto recyclers."
While the regulation is overwhelmingly positive, equalizing the standard and outlining environmental and legal responsibilities, for some smaller recyclers this may mean they close their doors, reduce their operating time, or sell their operations.
There are approximately 1600 auto recyclers in Canada – an estimate, given there is no definition at the provincial level – and approximately 400 of them are ARC members, processing 40 per cent of the volume in Canada.
The number or recyclers in general is down—five years ago ARC had 140 members in Ontario, for example, and now the number rests around 120.
"The biannual CAREC audit weaned out seven or eight and we lose about four a year while gaining one or two," says Fletcher. "Most of those who don't renew have sold and are not operating or closed, or maybe only operating a day a week. Overall we are seeing about a five per cent decline in sited facility counts."
Despite challenges, there has never been a better time to professionalize the industry. Cars are becoming more complex and their components are becoming more valuable—they are basically computers on wheels, says Fletcher.
Cars have been light-weighted with plastic and carbon fibre – both with no recycling value – as well as more aluminum, which is suffering less price-wise than ferrous metals. But the newest and more influential change in technology is the increasing prevalence of hybrid batteries, which are not always profitable and can actually carry a cost for disposal.
Interestingly, hybrid batteries are being repurposed for energy grid storage because at 70 per cent of their lives they cannot power a car but, connected in a group, can store energy. "There is a lot of research in that area," says Fletcher, "and a lot of potential for alternative energy sources like wind or solar."
Luckily the nature of the auto recycling industry is such that once new technologies arrive on the markets, recyclers can have eight or nine years to monitor trends and decide how they will deal with them.
"When unibody vehicles came out everybody thought it would be the end of industry," says Fletcher. "We will be processing 2016 cars eight, nine, ten years from now so there is lots of time to see the recalls, analyze requests, and search out vehicles for certain parts."
Cars are expected to become more complex over the next two to three years and as a result there is a huge outcry for data from manufacturers, who are often resistant to provide it.
"We need the data required for us to sell more parts and compete," he says. "This is primarily a North American issue. Around the world where there are EPR laws making manufacturers responsible for the product at the end of its life, manufacturers tend to supply more data and tell what is in the cars.
That said, the rest of the world would love to be in North America's position when it comes to part sales volume and progress.
"We sell more parts off of a vehicle," says Fletcher. "This is where they want to be in terms of profitability and developing the industry."
The Canadian industry will continue the push for standardization and work with the US with the understanding that that country is better equipped to lobby for significant change.
"Whether you consider the changes good, bad, or indifferent, you have to be aware of them and if you want an exit strategy you have to run a regulated, clean facility," says Fletcher. "You just need to know the trends and prepare yourself accordingly."
The post Co-operation Eases the Commodity Crunch appeared first on Automotive Recyclers of Canada.


The Amphibious Jeep was designed to be used in the same way as the DUKW. Unlike the DUKW it was found cubersome and didn't work on open water. Although the US did use it for the invasion of Sicily with some success it was little used by them after that. Most of the production was given to Russia where is was used successfully, the many river crossing required in their campaigns made the Amphibious Jeep ideal. The Russians manufactured their own version after the war. The vehicle is cast in a single piece with an integral textured base.


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Carmen Giménez Smith Awarded Guggenheim Fellowship /
Current page: Carmen Giménez Smith Awarded Guggenheim Fellowship
Carmen Giménez Smith, English, was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for her book project, Nostalgia Has Such a Short Half-Life, a collection of poems that considers the construction and meaning of identity through media in terms of fans, aficionados, collectors, and viewers. Among the media involved are television, movies, memes, GIFs, and Vines. The book also will include poems centered on the work of Asco, a 1970s and 1980s Chicano art collective. Giménez Smith was one of 168 scholars, artists, and writers awarded a yearlong Guggenheim Fellowship from among more than 3,000 applicants. She earned her bachelor's degree from San Jose State University and her M.F.A. from the Iowa Writers' Workshop; she joined the Virginia Tech community in 2017.
Carmen Gimenez Smith


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Q: What is the "no" keyword used for in MySQL? I just randomly found out that "no" is a reserved word/keyword in Mysql.
I searched on Google what is it used for, but couldn't find an answer.
Can someone explain or is there any link to article that explains each Mysql's reserved keyword usage?
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/keywords.html

A: NO is a reserved word in ANSI SQL, but currently it is not used as a keyword in MySQL. It is already defined as such, so in later extensions a semantic usage could be added.
It is a common practice in language definition, that some words are reserved, but not used, because they are not needed at the early state of the language and maybe even later on there is no requirement to make use of it.
But it always is a pain to add reserved keywords later on into an existing language, as you might have variables with that name in existing scripts and you would need to update/rewrite them to be compatible to the language update (which language updates try to prevent to be backwards compatible and simplify the update process). That's why the language designers start with reserving more keywords as required, to be later on more flexible to add them into the language without breaking backwards compatibility.

A: I searched the MySQL 8.0 grammar file, and found the NO token used in the following ways:

*

*In cascading foreign key declaration, you can use ON {UPDATE|DELETE} NO ACTION.

*In the NO SQL characteristic for stored routines.

*An option to the COMMIT statement, which means do not automatically start a new transaction or release the session after committing the current transaction.
COMMIT AND NO CHAIN;
COMMIT AND NO RELEASE;

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/commit.html says:

Including the NO keyword suppresses CHAIN or RELEASE completion, which can be useful if the completion_type system variable is set to cause chaining or release completion by default.

*As a merge insert type, which is a table option when using CREATE TABLE for a MERGE table. Inserts are disabled if you declare a table as:
CREATE TABLE mytable (...) ENGINE=MERGE UNION=(...) INSERT_METHOD=NO;

For what it's worth, the NO keyword is not a reserved keyword. In the keywords documentation page you linked to, reserved keywords are noted with "(R)" but NO doesn't have that note. Therefore you can use NO as an identifier without necessarily delimiting it in back-ticks.
mysql> create table no ( i int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)


Bazzill White Cardstock with Canvas Texture - 12" x 12"
ME and MY BIG IDEAS-Page Kit: Pretty in Pink. The kit contains eleven 12x12in patterned scrapbook papers, twenty stickers, six Soft-Spoken pieces, thirty-five chipboard pieces, and twenty-four rhinestones. Imported.
As a breast cancer survivor I collect pink ribbon items and this kit is lovely. I wish it had more pages but I am very happy with all the stickers.The only thing I have no idea about is the thick chipboard pieces in the back. No clue what those could be used for. I am sure sometime I will find a use.
Although all of this pack cannot be used on what I am working on, there was enough there was a beautiful for a sweet 16 birthday that was pink and siler.
I've only used a couple of sheets so far but I am really happy with the purchase. The quality is solid and the price fair. I would purchase this again and I would recommend this to others.
Glad I purchased this set. It's beautiful!!!
I bought two of these for my grand-daughters for Christmas. I was surprised when I got them. They are beautiful. There is everything there to create your pages. The pink was a plus for the girls. If you are an adult I highly recommend this kit also. It has everything in it for doing your pages or a themed page. Don't hesitate if you are thinking of buying on, it is more than worth it.


Description: 'Alfie' is a 1966 British film directed by Lewis Gilbert, starring Michael Caine. It is an adaptation by Bill Naughton of his own novel and play of the same name. The film was released by Paramount Pictures.
Alfie tells the story of a young man who leads a promiscuous lifestyle until several life reversals make him rethink his purposes and goals in life. Alfie frequently breaks the fourth wall by speaking directly to the camera narrating and justifying his actions. His words often contrast and,or totally contradict his actions.
This was the location of Alfie's infamous bachelor pad - which he was to share with many a lady.
Another classic Michael Caine role - in fact - the film broke Michael into the big time and was the turning point in his career.
The film won the Special Jury Prize at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival. It was also nominated for several Academy Awards including Best Actor in a Leading Role (Michael Caine), Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Vivien Merchant), Best Song (Burt Bacharach and Hal David for 'Alfie') (a UK hit record for Cilla Black, but performed by Cher in the movie), Best Picture and Best Writing (Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium).


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Lodewijk de Beier (München, 1 april 1282 – Puch, 11 oktober 1347), uit het huis Wittelsbach, was de jongste zoon van Lodewijk II de Strenge en diens laatste echtgenote Mathilde van Habsburg.

Leven

Hertog van Beieren
Hij volgde in 1294 zijn vader, onder de voogdijschap van zijn moeder, Mathilde van Habsburg, op. Hij werd in 1300 mederegent van zijn oudere broeder Rudolf en kreeg in 1311 bij de opdeling van Opper-Beieren de landstreek aan de linkeroever van de Isar.

Rooms-Duits koning en keizer
Na de dood van Hendrik VII werd Lodewijk in 1314 door vijf keurvorsten tot Rooms-Duits koning (als Lodewijk V) (feitelijk keizer) gekozen, terwijl de anderen voor hertog Frederik de Schone van Oostenrijk (een neef van Lodewijk) stemden. Hierover werd acht jaar lang een burgeroorlog gevoerd. Lodewijk verdreef in 1317 zijn broer Rudolf van de Palts, die zich bij het kamp van Oostenrijk had aangesloten, uit de Palts, maar gaf dit land in 1329 aan diens zonen terug. Lodewijk versloeg Frederik de Schone in 1322 bij de Slag bij Mühldorf.

Aan zijn oudste zoon Lodewijk gaf hij in 1322 de mark Brandenburg. In Italië ondersteunde hij de Visconti's tegen paus Johannes XXII, die op dat moment te Avignon verbleef en hen in 1324 in de ban deed.

In 1327 trok hij naar Italië, liet zich te Milaan tot koning van Italië en te Rome, nadat hij de Franciscaan Petrus van Corbière als (tegen)paus Nicolaas V had aangesteld, tot keizer kronen. Zijn belangrijkste raadgever was sinds 1329 Marsilius van Padua.

Hij steunde Frederik II van Sicilië in zijn strijd tegen de koning van Napels, Robert van Anjou, maar moest in 1330 naar Duitsland terugkeren. Hij raakte ook nog in conflict met koning Filips VI van Frankrijk, maar verzoende zich met hem. Hij stichtte de abdij van Ettal in 1330.

De invloed van de Franse koning op de thans te Avignon residerende pausen verhinderde een verzoening met paus Benedictus XII. De Duitse vorsten onthieven de keizer echter van de ban en stelden in de keurvereniging van Rhens (15 juli 1338) een rijkswet vast tegen de inmenging van de pausen bij de verkiezing van een Duits keizer. Vanaf 1340 was hij hertog van heel Beieren als Lodewijk IV.

Nu bereidde Lodewijk zich voor om zijn macht definitief te bevestigen, niettegenstaande paus Clemens VI in 1346 een nieuwe ban over hem uitsprak en een deel van de Duitse keurvorsten (onder invloed van paus Clemens VI) Karel, de markgraaf van Moravië en graaf van Luxemburg, tot tegenkeizer (als Karel IV) verkozen.

Lodewijk stierf op 11 oktober 1347 onverwachts door een ongelukkige val van zijn paard tijdens een berenjacht te Fürstenfeldbruck bij München.

Huwelijken en nakomelingen
Lodewijks eerste echtgenote was Beatrix van Silezië-Glogau (1292-1322); zij kregen de volgende kinderen:
 Mathilde (1313-1346), die in 1328 huwde met markgraaf Frederik II van Meißen
 Doodgeboren kind (1314)
 Lodewijk V van Beieren (1315-1361)
 Anna (1316-1319)
 Agnes (1318-13??)
 Stefanus II van Beieren (1319-1375)

Lodewijks tweede echtgenote was Margaretha (1310-1356), zuster van Willem IV van Holland (daardoor kwam na diens dood het graafschap Holland onder het gezag van de Beierse hertogen). Zij trouwden op 25 februari 1324 en kregen tien kinderen:
 Margaretha (1325-13??)
 ∞ 1351 Stefanus van Kroatië, Dalmatië en Slovenië (1332-1353), zoon van koning Karel II Robert van Hongarije (Huis Anjou)
 ∞ 1358 graaf Gerlach van Hohenlohe (13??-1387)
 Anna (1326-1361)
 ∞ 1339 hertog Johan I van Beieren (1329-1340)
 Lodewijk VI van Beieren (1328-1365)
 ∞ 1352 prinses Cunigonde van Polen (1334-1357)
 ∞ 1360 prinses Ingeborg van Mecklenburg (1340-1395)
 Elisabeth van Beieren (1329-1402)
 ∞ 1350 vorst Cangrande II van Verona (Huis della Scala) (1332-1359)
 ∞ 1362 graaf Ulrich van Württemberg (1342-1388)
 ∞ ? Dirck van Cranenburgh (±1295-±1355)
 Willem V van Holland (1330-1389)
 ∞ 1352 prinses Machteld van Derby en Lincoln (Huis Lancaster) (1339-1362)
 Albrecht van Beieren (1336-1404)
 ∞ 1353 prinses Margaretha van Brieg en Silezië (1336-1386)
 ∞ 1394 prinses Margaretha van Kleef en Mark (1375-1412)
 Beatrix (1344-1359)
 Agnes (1345-1352)
 Otto V van Beieren (1346-1379)
 ∞ 1366 prinses Catharina (1342-1395), dochter van keizer Karel IV
 Lodewijk (1347-1348)

Voorouders

Referenties
 art. I. Keizers en koningen van Germanië - Lodewijk IV, in , Historisch en Geographisch Woordenboek, II, Leiden, 1869, p. 399.
 art. Lodewijk (Duitsche vorsten) - Lodewijk IV, in Algemeene Nederlandsche encyclopedie voor den beschaafden stand, IX, Zutphen - Leiden, 1867, p. 245.

Lodewijk I
Lodewijk IV
Lodewijk de Beier
Lodewijk III
Lodewijk II
Lodewijk de B


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Women no kidding showing islanders bruins
If he wasn't scoring, he was shutting down the other big scorers.
Louis Blues MIKE G.
He was selected by the New York Rangers in the first round of the 2012 NHL Design Custom Baseball T-shirts Like his father, Josh Manson is a defensive defenseman with https://www.fiitgshop.com/collections/baseball-new-arrivals willingness to deliver big hits.
The story behind 's mask to honour the Coast Salish people.
Morreale, staff writer Calder Trophy Leader:, Senators, 21 Runners-up:, Senators, 19 ; , Canadiens, 2; , Canucks, 2 Others receiving points:, Flames, 1 Leader last week: Norris, 21 Why I picked Norris: He wasn't the biggest name among rookies this season, but it's clear he's opened some eyes about what his eventual ceiling can be.
Four AHL teams have been granted provisional relocations for the Make Your Own Jersey season: the Binghamton Devils will play in Newark, New Jersey; the Ontario Reign will play in El Segundo, California; the Providence Bruins will play in Marlborough, Massachusetts; and the San Diego Gulls will play in Irvine, California.
Linder commented.
MacFarland, 50, works closely with Executive Vice President General Manager Joe Sakic regarding all hockey-related matters.
Mikita, whose hometown of Sokolce has been part of Slovakia since 1945, scored 1 points in 1 NHL games, all with Chicago.
In our hearts.
He'd have to quarantine for two weeks due to COVID-19 protocols in Ontario upon arriving in mid-December.
Business partners.
— @benpatterson33 Heika: They're at about 11 missed shots per game, which is actually in the lower half of the NHL.
But no one, not even Gretzky, could match his consistency; Gartner had 17 seasons with at least 30 goals.
The Penguins hit the road for the final time this season as they head to Washington to take on the Capitals at Capital One Arena.
Colorado 6 99, Western Conference Final vs.
"Sid was very much respected.
But I will say before the game, probably before warmups and before the game, so at about 25 on the clock you could just tell the arena was packed already.


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Jean-Luc Ponty
Date Oct 21, 1978 (Late)
1Intro00:30
2Aurora14:29
3Cosmic Messenger05:23
4The Art Of Happiness06:27
5Don't Let The World Pass You By08:47
6I Only Feel Good With You05:02
7Enigmatic Ocean Suite17:02
8Band Intros01:45
9Ethereal Mood / Wondering On The Mily Way / Egocentric Molecules23:14
10New Country04:42
11Fight For Life04:03
Jean-Luc Ponty - electric violin, keyboards; Allan Zavod - keyboards; Joaquin Lievano - guitars; Casey Scheuerell - drums, percussion; Jamie Glaser - guitars, organ; Ralphe Armstrong - bass
The second of two shows recorded at the famed Tower Theater in Philly for the King Biscuit Flower Hour, this lively set features Ponty and his terrific band when his commercial success was at its peak. Opening with "Aurora" and working his way through such compositions as "Cosmic Messenger," "The Art Of Happiness," "The Struggle Of The Turtle To The Sea," and a twenty minute-plus medley of "Ethereal Mood/Wondering On The Milky Way/Egocentric," Ponty and his band show why they could transcend so many different styles of music and keep it all tied to a progressive jazz-rock fusion base. The highlight of the show, which marries high-energy bluegrass, rock and jazz is the radio favorite, "New Country."
With Jean Luc Ponty it is about the musicianship, and in many cases just how fast any member of his band can play without making a mistake. The musicians here are truly exceptional, especially bassist Ralphe Armstrong, another alumnus (along with Ponty) of the Version II Mahavishnu Orchestra.
Ponty's musical diversity helped secure fans who otherwise may not have gone to a jazz-fusion concert. His upbeat and perky violin style naturally appealed to bluegrass fans, and his obvious inspiration from Stephane Grappelli and open embracing of rock riffs helped pair him with acts on rock shows while touring.
Ponty was a child prodigy from two professional French musician parents. After winning most of the classical violin competitions in France, he joined the French army in 1962. After leaving the armed forces in 1965, he totally embraced the gypsy-inspired jazz violin of Grappelli. In the early 1970s he joined Frank Zappa, touring with the Mothers until 1974, when he became part of the re-vamped Mahavishnu Orchestra with John McLaughlin after the demise of the original group. From there, he has spearheaded several solo and joint jazz fusion projects, including an acoustic trio with Al Di Meola and Stanley Clarke.
Jean-Luc Ponty Tower Theater Oct 21, 1978 (Early)
Jean-Luc Ponty Avery Fisher Hall Jul 4, 1974
Jean-Luc Ponty Amazingrace Apr 9, 1976


Borrell's comments were made at a lunch event in Madrid this week and widely reported in the Spanish media." We can confirm that's what the council of ministers said, but we won't be making any further comment on the minister's remarks ," said a spokesman for the foreign ministry.
Spain has discovered itself on the frontlines of the migration crisis, with more than 33, 600 migrants and refugees arriving by sea so far this year, and 1,723 dying in the attempt.
The increase in arrivals, amounting to three times the total for the same period last year, has entailed Spain overtaking Italy and Greece as the main destination for migrants intersecting the Mediterranean.
But the high number of arrivals on Spain's southern coast has strained reception facilities and infrastructure. The issue has also been used as a political weapon by rightwing parties who accuse Sanchez's government of doubled criteria and of being too soft on immigration.
Speaking at the event in Madrid this week, Borrell said the 1990 s political axiom" it's the economy, stupid", had given route to" it's about identity, stupid ".


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Stars lose Ben Bishop to injury
By James O'BrienNov 19, 2018, 9:41 PM EST
Monday is looking like an all-around tough night for the Dallas Stars.
Heading into the third period tied 1-1 with the New York Rangers, the Stars had to replace starter Ben Bishop with Anton Khudobin. Bishop's night was over thanks to a lower-body injury.
Khudobin only allowed one goal against the Rangers, yet Filip Chytil's tally ended up being the game-winner as New York prevailed 2-1. So, the Stars lost the game and their starting goalie in this one, and the hope is that Bishop doesn't miss much more time from there.
The bad news is that the Stars are missing a goalie who's quietly been quite effective so far in 2018-19. Bishop came into this contest with a strong .923 save percentage. It's also no secret that Bishop has been hounded by injuries during his career, including during his days with Dallas.
(After the game, the Stars labeled Bishop day-to-day.)
On the bright side, Anton Khudobin's been strong so far, too. His save percentage was .926 before this contest, so perhaps the experienced backup can hold down the fort even if Bishop is on the shelf for a while?
Either way, the Stars could stand to give their goalies more run support. Dallas only managed 17 shots on goal against Henrik Lundqvist on Monday, only managing a power-play goal by Tyler Seguin.
MORE: Your 2018-19 NHL on NBC TV schedule
Tags: Ben Bishop, Dallas Stars, Anton Khudobin, Ben Bishop, Filip Chytil, Henrik Lundqvist, Tyler Seguin
4 U.S. women's team members play in ECHL All-Star Classic
Associated PressJan 23, 2020, 7:00 AM EST
WICHITA, Kan. (AP) — The visor on Annie Pankowski's helmet gave her significant pause before the ECHL All-Star Classic.
"That is the first time me and the other women have worn visors," said the three-time wold champion who has always worn a full cage. "When I saw that, it was the first time I got nervous. I started telling some of the guys like, you know, I'm not going to play defense."
Not to worry, no one else was playing much defense, either.
Pankowski was one of four members of the U.S women's team taking part in the event played in collaboration with the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association.
Dani Cameranesi, Kali Flanagan and Gigi Marvin also played on the 2018 U.S. Olympic gold medal team.
The ECHL event featured four teams playing short games against each other. There was one female player on each team in the nationally televised showcase.
"It's an opportunity for our league to celebrate our players but also to highlight hockey everywhere for our fans to enjoy," ECHL commissioner Ryan Crelin said.
But while the women were competing with some of the better players in minor-league hockey, the games barely resembled normal competition. It was 3 on 3 with no stoppages – and almost no defense other than an occasional stick in the passing lane.
"I was really nervous about how it would go, how the guys would accept us," Flanagan said. "But they made us feel like one of them."
Flanagan played for the Eastern Conference All-Stars, who won the event. She scored a goal in the final, though it went into a wide open net after the puck went off a referee's skate. That earned her some good-natured teasing in the hallways.
"Got lucky there," she said, laughing, "but you could tell by the time we got to the final, the guys wanted to win."
Wichita Thunder forward Stefan Fournier said the women were a welcome addition for the all-star festivities.
"They integrated right in," he said. "I think, for us, it was about respecting all hockey players. Sure, the size of the players might be different between men and women, but mentally, we are all just hockey players."
For Flanagan, the event was particularly special as her uncle, Joe Flanagan, played in the ECHL All-Star Game more than 20 years ago.
"I was thrilled to be part of that," she said. "And I'm really happy the ECHL is fighting for women's hockey."
Pankowski, playing with a team comprised of host Wichita Thunder players, scored a backhanded goal in the night's third matchup, getting a big cheer from the crowd.
Cameranesi and Marvin also scored goals during the round-robin portion of the tournament.
Pankowski was thrilled to see each of the women score, but she said one of her favorite moments came after the sharp-shooting competition when she was just yapping with other players.
"I told them I was worried about taking too long, that they might just turn the lights out on me if it took too long to hit the targets," she said. "And they were all like no, you did fine, look at what this guy did or whatever. It was nice to be so relaxed like that, just joking player to player."
Tags: ECHL
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Thank you for registering for Active Warrior Games 2019. Make sure you follow our Facebook page to stay up to date with news, event announcements and sneak peaks.
Active Warrior Games is the latest instalment in the successful Active Warrior Event Series. Influenced by both obstacle course racing and crossfit, this new event format is a race against the clock, and each other, as you battle your way through five timed fitness challenges designed to put your whole body to the test.


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Carl Cox Leading the Resistance All Weekend at Ultra's MegaStructure
Ariana O'Keefe
If there's one thing on the brain amidst all its exciting announcements and new themes, it's Ultra Music Festival. 2019 is shaping up to take on its plethora of new island festivities on a prosperous note, with one major highlight being RESISTANCE, gearing up to host the Carl Cox MegaStructure for the entire weekend.
Blazing a trail through Ultra this year, RESISTANCE Global Ambassador Carl Cox will be headlining the MegaStructure all 3 days for the first time ever, and crowds are undoubtedly going to be pouring in to experience the show stopping sets. Saturday is already lined up with an exclusive B2B set with a special guest, and that's just one of the thrills set to cross the MegaStructure sensation.
Cox has remained a leader at the forefront of electronic music, investing his whole self into one of the most meaningful careers the industry has ever seen. When it comes to producers who have truly seen and done it all, Cox is at the apex of that roster. Existing and carving a place for himself during core years throughout the 80s and 90s when house music exploded, Cox's craft developed on a level that many DJs today cannot even imagine. Working with the technology of the time, original producing, live mixing, and performances were massively different than they are today. To have someone with such extensive knowledge and wisdom of how electronic music has progressed from underground clubs to absolutely enormous and world-renowned festivals such as Ultra, that's what makes this year's MegaStructure so special. The combination of one of the world's leading festivals with one of the world's leading artists is out of this world.
Witnessing the champion growth that Ultra has undergone from year 1 to its 21st anniversary this year is pretty remarkable. Spreading to numerous countries around the world, Ultra Miami consistently reigns in exceptional amounts of crowds who crave the outrageous experience and production put on by Ultra Music. With 2019 commencing brand new concepts and features such as the MegaStructure weekend of Carl Cox, the transition of Ultra to its new home on Virginia Key is presenting itself in a promising light that dance fans across the globe are psyched for.
For those who caught last year's documentary What We Started, audiences got an inspirational look at Cox's story and how he literally swept the scene with pure talent as both a a DJ and producer, as well as a raw energy that made his live sets a unique and special performance one after another. At a time when the industry is changing at a wildly rapid pace, especially with the surreal technology innovations that break just about any boundary production and live performance could foresee, Cox remains not only one of the most insightful artists to date, but a genuine presence to have leading the hundreds of thousands in attendance at Ultra 2019.
Photos Courtesy of Carl Cox & Resistance Ultra Facebook
Source: The 450 Group
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Sonic Direct has an enormous selection of food processors from the most basic, cheap and affordable models through to high specification professional models that do everything from chopping and peeling to mixing and liquidising. This is the perfect appliance for preparing tasty soups, making cakes, kneading bread dough and much, much more. Our top brands include Belling, Bosch, Kenwood, Russell Hobbs and Tefal.


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Category: Style Spotlight
BHM Fashion Leaders - Lindsay Peoples Wagner
Brahmin is committed to utilizing our platforms to uplift, amplify, and celebrate Black voices. Meet Lindsay, our B.E.R.G. partner.
Brahmin is on a mission to become an example of a business that not only promotes diversity and equity but incorporates it into everything we do. The Brahmin Employee Resource Group, a Brahmin-associate led workgroup, creates initiatives that enhance Brahmin's culture at all levels. This team has led initiatives to educate our teams on a variety of topics over the last year. We've been fortunate to meet and learn from industry leaders and want to highlight some of them during Black History Month.
Meet Lindsay
Lindsay Peoples Wagner is the Editor in Chief of The Cut, which is owned by New York Magazine, a role she has held since March 2021. Peoples Wagner previously spent 3 years as the Editor in Chief at Teen Vogue.
We celebrate Lindsay as a Black leader in the fashion industry and her work as co-founder of the Black Fashion Council. In a recent presentation to the team at Brahmin, we learned the challenges she experienced as a young black woman interested in the fashion industry and how she paved her way without much exposure to opportunities available to young women like her. She advocates to bring more opportunities to black youth to become rising stars in this industry.
Lindsay has challenged Brahmin to continue to work everyday to improve the culture at our organization and to move the needle to be more diverse and inclusive. She encourages brands to test the boundaries of perceived estetic and to redefine traditional European standards for luxury.
While at The Cut, she won the ASME Next award in 2017, honoring outstanding achievement by magazine journalists under the age of 30 and wrote the critically-acclaimed "Everywhere and Nowhere: What it's really like to be black and work in fashion," that featured more than 100 people of color's insights and perspectives on diversity in fashion (The Cut, Sept. 2018). More recently, Wagner was celebrated among Business of Fashion's 2019 BoF 500 and named to the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 list.
Earlier in her career, Peoples Wagner spent two years as a fashion market assistant at Teen Vogue, where she returned after a stint at O, The Oprah Magazine. It was at Teen Vogue, where she began her career as an assistant working in the fashion closet under the founding editor-in-chief, Amy Astley. Peoples Wagner, who hails from Wisconsin, graduated from Buena Vista University with a bachelor's degree in art and journalism and currently resides in Brooklyn.
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Archives|From Space, A New View Of Doomsday
From Space, A New View Of Doomsday
By DENNIS OVERBYE FEB. 17, 2004
Once upon a time, if you wanted to talk about the end of the universe you had a choice, as Robert Frost put it, between fire and ice.
Either the universe would collapse under its own weight one day, in a fiery ''big crunch,'' or the galaxies, now flying outward from each other, would go on coasting outward forever, forever slowing, but never stopping while the cosmos grew darker and darker, colder and colder, as the stars gradually burned out like tired bulbs.
Now there is the Big Rip.
Recent astronomical measurements, scientists say, cannot rule out the possibility that in a few billion years a mysterious force permeating space-time will be strong enough to blow everything apart, shred rocks, animals, molecules and finally even atoms in a last seemingly mad instant of cosmic self-abnegation.
''In some ways it sounds more like science fiction than fact,'' said Dr. Robert Caldwell, a Dartmouth physicist who described this apocalyptic possibility in a paper with Dr. Marc Kamionkowski and Dr. Nevin Weinberg, from the California Institute of Technology, last year.
The Big Rip is only one of a constellation of doomsday possibilities resulting from the discovery by two teams of astronomers six years ago that a mysterious force called dark energy seems to be wrenching the universe apart.
Instead of slowing down from cosmic gravity, as cosmologists had presumed for a century, the galaxies started speeding up about five billion years ago, like a driver hitting the gas pedal after passing a tollbooth.
Dark energy sounded crazy at the time, but in the intervening years a cascade of observations have strengthened the case that something truly weird is going on in the sky. It has a name, but that belies the fact that nobody really knows what dark energy is.
In six years it has become one of the central and apparently unavoidable features of the cosmos, the surprise question mark at the top of everybody's list, undermining what physicists presumed they understood about space, time, gravity and the future of the universe.
''In five years we've gone from saying it looks like a mistake to something that everyone is claiming evidence for,'' said Dr. Robert Kirshner of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, who was part of the original discovery.
Dr. Saul Perlmutter, a physicist from the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory who was a leader of one of the 1998 teams, said he thought astronomers had even gotten comfortable with the idea -- ''or as comfortable as you can be with something as bizarre as dark energy.''
Now, armies of astronomers are fanning out into the night, enlisting telescopes, large and small, from Chile to Hawaii to Arizona to outer space, in a quest to take the measure of dark energy by tracing the history of the universe with unprecedented precision.
Some of them are following the trail blazed by the first two groups six years ago, searching out a kind of exploding star known as Type 1a the supernova. Those stars serve as markers in space, enabling scientists to plumb the size of the universe and how it grew over time. Where the first groups based their conclusions on observing a few dozen supernovas, the new efforts intend to harvest hundreds or thousands of them.
Others are seeking to gain leverage by investigating how the antigravitational force of dark energy has retarded the growth of conglomerations of matter like galaxies. In one ambitious project, a team led by Dr. John Carlstrom of the University of Chicago is building an array of radio telescopes at the South Pole to count and study clusters of galaxies deep in space-time. Others are already probing the internal dynamics of galaxies by the thousands, or building giant cameras that use the light-bending powers of gravity itself as lenses to map invisible dark matter in space and compile a growth chart of cosmic structures.
Dr. Anthony Tyson, now at Bell Laboratories, is head of a project to build a ''dark matter telescope'' known as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. ''High energy physicists have been marching into our project,'' he said. ''This is not just another telescope. It's a physics experiment, like a particle accelerator.''
After all, the fate of the universe is at stake. If the dark energy is virulent enough, then that fate ''is quite fantastic and completely different than the possibilities previously discussed,'' Dr. Caldwell and his colleagues wrote last year.
The Search for One Number
The idea of an antigravitational force pervading the cosmos does sound like science fiction, but theorists have long known that certain energy fields would exert negative pressure that would in turn, according to Einstein's equations, produce negative gravity. Indeed, some kind of brief and violent antigravitational boost, called inflation, is thought by theorists to have fueled the Big Bang.
As they try to figure out how this strange behavior could be happening to the universe today, astronomers say the ultimate prize from all the new observing projects could be as simple as a single number.
That number, known as w, is the ratio between the pressure and density of dark energy. Knowing this number and how it changes with time -- if it does -- might help scientists pick through different explanations of dark energy and thus the future of the universe -- ''whether it's gonna lead to a Big Rip, a Big Collapse or just a Big Fizzle,'' as Dr. Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore put it in an e-mail message.
One possible explanation for dark energy, perhaps the sentimental favorite among astronomers, is a force known as the cosmological constant, caused by the energy residing in empty space. It was first postulated back by Einstein in 1917. A universe under its influence would accelerate forever.
While the density of energy in space would remain the same over the eons, as the universe grows there would be more space and thus more repulsion. Within a few billion years, most galaxies would be moving away from our own faster than the speed of light and so would disappear from the sky; the edge of the observable universe would shrink around our descendants like a black hole.
But attempts to calculate the cosmological constant using the most high-powered modern theories of gravity and particle physics result in numbers 1060 times as great as the dark energy astronomers have observed -- big enough, in fact, to have blown the universe apart in the first second, long before even atoms had time for form. Theorists admit they are at a loss. Perhaps, some of them now say, Einstein's theory of gravity, the general theory of relativity, needs to be modified.
Another possibility comes from string theory, the putative theory of everything, which allows that space could be laced with other energy fields, associated with particles or forces as yet undiscovered. Those fields, collectively called quintessence, could have an antigravity effect. Quintessence could change with time -- for example, getting weaker and eventually disappearing as the universe expanded and diluted the field -- or could even change from a repulsive force to an attractive one, which could set off a big crunch.
Recently, in a variation on the quintessence idea, Dr. Leonard Parker of the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee and various colleagues, including Dr. Caldwell, have suggested that the field associated with some unknown very light particle could get tangled up with gravity and cause the universe to accelerate. That would alter Einstein's equations, said Dr. Caldwell. He added, ''Our calculations show, however, that galaxies reside in a bubble of old-fashioned Einstein gravity, whereas gravity has changed outside and between galaxies.''
A Weird Idea Gets Weirder
But the strangest notion is what Dr. Caldwell has called phantom energy, the dark energy that could lead to the Big Rip.
''It's weird negative pressure,'' said Dr. Lawrence M. Krauss, an astrophysicist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
While the density of the energy in Einstein's cosmological constant stays the same as the universe expands, the density of phantom energy would go up and up, eventually becoming infinite. Such would be the case if the parameter w turned out to be less than minus 1, say physicists, who admit they are stunned by the possibility and until recently simply refused to consider it.
''It crosses a boundary of good taste,'' Dr. Caldwell said, calling phantom energy ''bad news stuff.'' Phantom energy violates physicists' intuitions about how the universe should behave. A chunk of it could be used to prop open wormholes in space and time -- and thus create time machines, for example.
''It could lead to such bizarre effects as negative kinetic energy,'' Dr. Krauss said. As a result, objects like atoms would be able to lose energy by speeding up.
Nevertheless, a recent analysis by Dr. Caldwell and his Dartmouth colleague Dr. Michael Doran of the supernova measurements to date, combined with other cosmological data, suggest that w could lie anywhere from minus 0.8 to minus 1.25, leaving open the possibility of phantom energy. The cosmological constant would give a value of minus 1.0, and anything higher would be a sign of quintessence.
Dr. Kirshner said phantom energy had been dismissed as ''too strange'' when his group was doing calculations of dark energy back in 1998. In retrospect, he said, that was not the right thing to do.
''It sounds wacky,'' he said, referring to phantom energy, ''but I think we're in a situation where we're going to need a really new idea. We're in trouble; the way out is going to be new imaginative things. It might be our ideas are not wild enough, they don't question fundamentals enough.''
Dr. Chris Pritchet of the University of Victoria, who is part of a collaboration using the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope on Mauna Kea to search for supernovas, said, ''In many ways phantom energy is unphysical, but we're not ruling it out.''
Counting Down to the Big Rip
This version of doomsday would start slowly. Then, billions of years from now, as phantom energy increased its push and the cosmic expansion accelerated, more and more galaxies would start to disappear from the sky as their speeds reached the speed of light.
But things would not stop there. Some billions of years from now, depending on the exact value of w, the phantom force from the phantom energy will be enough to overcome gravity and break up clusters of galaxies. That will happen about a billion years before the Big Rip itself.
After that the apocalypse speeds up. About 900 million years later, about 60 million years before the end, our own Milky Way galaxy will be torn apart. Three months before the rip, the solar system will fly apart. The Earth will explode when there is half an hour left on the cosmic clock.
The last item on Dr. Caldwell's doomsday agenda is the dissolution of atoms, 10-19 , a tenth of a billionth of a billionth of a second before the Big Rip ends everything.
''After the rip is like before the Big Bang,'' Dr. Caldwell said. ''General relativity says: ''The end. Time can't evolve.''
The cosmos probably still has a lot of life in it, according to recent calculations by Dr. Krauss. Based on the current age of the universe, some 14 billion years, and other data, w cannot be less than about minus 1.2, he said, putting the Big Rip about 55 billion years in the future.
''It can't be very phantom,'' Dr. Krauss said.
The dark energy surveys now under way hope to be able to measure w to an accuracy of 5 percent, but even if that can be done, it may not be sufficient to eliminate the nightmare of phantom energy.
''It's hard to measure anything in astronomy to a few percent,'' said Dr. Sandra Faber of the University of California at Santa Cruz, who directs one of the dark energy surveys. Variations in the atmosphere and gaps in astronomers' understanding of supernova explosions add uncertainty to the dark energy measurements.
As a result some astronomers fear that the results may leave us on the razor's edge unable to decide between a cosmological constant and the other possibilities -- quintessence or a Big Rip. Cosmologists could then be stuck with a ''standard model'' of the universe that fits all the data, but which they have no hope of understanding.
If the parameter w comes out to be something other than minus 1, Dr. Krauss said, it will at least give some direction to physicists.
One encouraging sign -- ''a tantalizing bit of hope,'' in Dr. Krauss's words -- that the data will distinguish between a cosmological constant and the other possibilities came last fall when Dr. Riess, of Baltimore, reported, based on new observations of distant supernovas, that the ''cosmic jerk'' when dark energy took over the universe happened only five billion years ago.
In the standard cosmological constant model, said Dr. Riess, the turnaround should have come one or two billion years earlier.
Dr. Tyson was more sanguine. ''Dark energy is crazy, right?'' he said. ''It's going to be exciting no matter what we find.''
Dark Future for Dark Energy?
The work of the dark energy hunters has been complicated by the impending loss of the Hubble Space Telescope, which can see far enough out in space and time to measure how and if the dark energy parameter w is changing over the eons.
Last month, citing safety, NASA canceled all future shuttle maintenance missions to the telescope, dooming it to die in orbit, probably within three years, according to astronomers. ''The Hubble shutdown will slow us all down,'' Dr. Perlmutter said.
At the same time, as a result of the agency's presidentially ordered shift toward the Moon and Mars, plans for a special satellite that was to have been jointly sponsored by NASA and the Department of Energy have at least temporarily disappeared from NASA's five-year budget plan.
Dr. Perlmutter, who has devoted much of his time in the last six years to the proposed satellite experiment, said he hoped that a way would be found to keep the project on track to be launched in the next decade.
''When you have the most exciting scientific problem of the day, you don't want to wait around,'' he said.
A version of this article appears in print on February 17, 2004, on Page F00001 of the National edition with the headline: From Space, A New View Of Doomsday. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe