text:
De arte venandi cum avibus ('Sobre l'art de caçar amb les aus') és un tractat de l'emperador Frederic II del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic sobre la caça amb falcons. El manuscrit conservat a la Biblioteca Vaticana (clau Pal. Lat. 1071) és més conegut per les seves il·lustracions, incorpora els dos primers llibres: es tracta d'un còdex de 111 fulles de pergamí de mesures aproximades en cm. 24,5x36, encarregat a Nàpols pel fill de Frederic, Manfred rei de Sicilia, al voltant del 1260. Un altre manuscrit, redactat a cura d'un altre fill de l'emperador, el rei Enzo de Sardenya, durant la seva detenció a Bolonya, es conserva en la Biblioteca Universitària de Bolonya (Lat. 717) i conté sis llibres, resultant l'edició més estesa, però no necessàriament completa del tractat.

Contingut

L'obra és un tractat de falconeria, és a dir sobre els sistemes de cria, ensinistrament i utilització d'aus rapinyaires (pròpiament falcons) en la caça (sobretot d'altres aus, totes acuradament descrites en l'obra).
En la gènesi de l'obra destaquen la importància dels tractats tractats precedents dels quals Frederic II tenia coneixement, com el De art bersandi de Guicennas i el De scientia venandi per aves (considerat Moamí llatí), traducció d'un text àrab efectuat del siríac per Teodor d'Antioquia (filòsof) (Mestre Teodor), sota petició de Frederic.

L'obra es promou amb objectius pràctics i es divideix en sis llibres:
 en el llibre I es troben classificades les aus (aquàtiques, terrestres i intermèdies; rapinyaires i no rapinyaires); es tracta de les migracions i de les característiques biològiques i morfològiques de les aus, es descriuen els òrgans externs i interns de les diverses espècies, amb particular atenció a les ales, el plomatge i les particularitats del vol;
 el llibre II tracta de les eines per exercitar la falconeria, de les modalitats de la captura dels falcons i de la seva nutrició, dels equipaments (principalment la caputxa a les parpelles per tornar-los més dòcils), de l'ensinistrament, i de les característiques del falconer;
 el llibre III conté la descripció de les complexes fases per l'ensinistrament del falcó a peu, a cavall i a remolc, i de l'ensinistrament dels gossos de caça;
 el llibre IV és dedicat a les modalitat de la caça de la grua amb Falcó grifó;
 el llibre V parla de l'ensinistrament del Falcó sacre per a la caça d'ardèids (bernats i agrons);
 el llibre VI tracta de la caça amb el Falcó pelegrí d'aus aquàtiques.

En l'exemplar de la Biblioteca Vaticana, encara que només pels dos primers llibres, s'hi poden trobar més de 500 imatges d'aus (que descriuen al voltant 80 espècies) amb una gran precisió. Cal assenyalar l'acurada elecció dels colors del plomatge i el detall de les particularitats anatòmiques, resultat d'acurades observacions. La decoració està formada per les il·lustracions a colors de les aus i dels falconers, de les inicials decorades dels capítols, tradicionalment en roig i blau alternativament, i dels títols rubricats dels capítols. No tot ha estat finalitzat: en particular les inicials decorades s'interrompen al f. 36 mentre als ff. 94-100 les imatges no van estar acolorides.

Altre tractat de falconeria de Frederic II

Durant molt de temps es va considerar que un manuscrit original del De art venandi cum avibus formés part de les coses que l'emperador va perdre de moment a la Batalla de Parma (s. XIII): el manuscrit il·luminat hauria estat lliurat a Carles I d'Anjou pel comerciant milanès Bottaius per restar perdut tot seguit. Recentment s'ha suggerit que això no era en realitat el tractat de falconeria de Frederic II, sinó una amalgama d'obres, editades pel mateix monarca,entre les quals es trobaria la traducció llatina del Moamin, el De arte bersandi de Guicennas i dos tractats d'entorn sicilià-normand, el Dancus rex i el Guillelmus falconarius.Aquesta hipòtesi seria refrendada per l'existència d'una còpia del còdex atribuït al manuscrit perdut de Frederic II: efectivament el còdex ms. Lat. 368 (1459) conservat al Museu Condé al Castell de Chantilly, per la varietat dels termes tractats, sembla correspondre a la lletra de la descripció que Bottatius oferix en venda als reis de la Dinastia d'Anjou.

 Notes

 Bibliografia

 Abeele, Baudouin van den; Anne Paulus. Frédéric II de Hohenstaufen, L'art de chasser avec les oiseaux. Traduction intégrale en français du traité de fauconnerie De arte venandi cum avibus, Nogent-le-Roi, J. Laget – LAME, 2000.
 Abeele, Baudouin van den. La fauconnerie au Moyen Âge : Connaissance, affaitage et médecine des oiseaux de chasse d'après les traités latins, Paris, Klincksieck, 1994.
 Abeele,Baudouin van den. Caccia, Enciclopedia Federiciana, Vol I, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani
 Federico II, Il trattato di falconeria, postfazione di Carl Arnold Willemsen, Milano, 1991
 Federico II di Svevia, De arte venandi cum avibus, a cura di Anna Laura Trombetti Budriesi, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 2007
 Fradejas Rueda, Jose Manuel. Los libros de caza. Tordesillas, Seminario de Filologia Medieval, 2005.
 Fradejas Rueda, José Manuel. Literatura cetrera de la Edad Media y el Renacimiento español. London : Dept. of Hispanic Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1998.
 Fradejas Rueda, José Manuel. El Arte de la cetrería de Federico II [Estudio], con la colaboración de Zacarías Prieto Hernández. Ciudad del Vaticano : Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana; Madrid : Testimonio Compañía, 2004
 Sánchez, JM, ed.; Casey A. Wood, i F. Marjorie Fyfe (estudi). El Arte de cetrería : De arte venandi cum avibus. Madrid : Cairel Ediciones, 2004.
 Yapp, W. B. "The illustrations of birds in the Vatican manuscript of De arte venandi cum avibus of Frederick II." Annals of science 40.6 (1983): 597-634.
 Trombetti Budriesi, Anna Laura De arte venandi cum avibus, Enciclopedia Federiciana, Vol I, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani Enciclopedia Federiciana'', Vol. II, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani
 Il de Arte venandi cum avibus e i trattati ad esso collegati , dal sito del CESN - Centro europeo di studi normanni
 Edoardo D'Angelo, Falconeria normanna , dal sito del CESN - Centro europeo di studi normanni

Vegeu també
 Escola Siciliana
 Cronologia de l'ornitologia

Enllaços externs

 volum 1 de l'edició de Willemsen PDF, 12,4 MB
 volum 2 de l'edició de Willemsen de 1942 PDF, 12,6 MB; ambdós per Thomas Gloning, Universität Giessen.
 Prolog a la Bibliotheca Augustana
 Bücher und Aufsätze zu Falkenbuch al Opac der Regesta Imperii
 Bücher und Aufsätze zu De arte venandi al Opac der Regesta Imperii
 Els lloros en el llibre de l'Emperador Frederic II
 Biblioteca Vaticana Cod. Bibliotheca Palatina Pal·lat. 1071] (1258–1266) (UB Heidelberg)
 Biblioteca Vaticana Cod. Bibliotheca Palatina Pal. lat. 1071] (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana)

Escola siciliana
Reis de Sicília
Caça
Ornitologia


text:
Published on 28-Nov-2018
Paralympian Mary Fisher retires from high performance Para swimming and looks forward to new adventures
Rio 2016 and London 2012 Paralympic Games gold medallist Mary Fisher has today announced she will be retiring from the sport of Para swimming to focus on further adventures. Fisher's breakout performance came at the London 2012 Paralympic Games; setting a world record and winning 4 medals - gold, 2 silver and a bronze. She then went on to set another world record and win gold in Rio 2016.
This stellar career began quietly at the age of nine when Fisher first took up competitive swimming in Upper Hutt. She enjoyed the independence that the water and sport gave her. She made her international debut in Australia in 2007 and this was followed by a plethora of World and Pan Pacific Championship medals.
The Wellington-based Paralympian who has trained twice daily for over 10 years has also followed passions outside of the pool. Fisher is well known for her work as an advocate around disability and environmental issues, and for her support of developing Para swimmers and mentoring of youth with vision impairment and their families. She is now a part-time Volunteer & Recreation Coordinator at the Blind Foundation. Distance study through Massey University enabled her to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree supported by a High Performance Sport New Zealand (HPSNZ) Prime Minister's Scholarship. Fisher is currently undertaking postgraduate psychology papers and learning Te Reo Māori and enjoys community music and is a regular with the Glamaphones and Wellington Community Choir.
Fisher said: "My dream goal as a nine-year-old was to represent New Zealand at the Paralympics. Competing in high performance Para swimming means relentless training which I've loved and wholeheartedly committed to. It also needs immaculate dedication and an internal spark to ensure every decision will have the best performance outcome. Racing at multiple Games, sharing the highs and lows with teammates and gaining understanding of my mind and body has given me perspective on life that I never expected. I'm fully content with my swimming career. But eking hundredths of a second from a race isn't enjoyable or satisfying anymore. I thrive on researching each component of a situation, so I've taken time in making sure stepping away from racing is the right decision. But I'll always be a swimmer of some description. I think being around water, listening to the ambitions and challenges young people tell me of, exploring Aotearoa and what it means to be Kiwi will be constants throughout my life."
Fisher recently competed at the Swimming New Zealand Short Course Championships and was excited by the calibre and number of Para swimmers at the event. She said: "London epitomised my childhood dream. Support from thousands got me there, especially my family and friends who I thank from the bottom of my heart. The privilege and honour of representing my country for over a decade isn't lost on me. Everyone deserves equitable opportunities. I'm keen to be part of melting the stigma attached to many forms of disability. Meeting people who get involved in Para sport and the resulting improvement in holistic health for themselves, their whānau and community is wonderful. I'll be watching emerging athletes in these exciting times for New Zealand's Para sport scene. "
Malcolm Humm (High Performance Director, Paralympics New Zealand) said: "We have been working with Mary for quite some time to support her with this difficult decision and seeking to assist Mary in looking at what comes next. Mary is an incredible person and an amazing Paralympian. We thank Mary for all of her inspirational performances and ongoing professionalism both within and out of Para swimming. We look forward to seeking ways of continuing to involve Mary within the Paralympic Family and wish her all the best for her future endeavours."
Fisher was a key member of the New Zealand Paralympic Team that produced performances in Rio making it the country's most successful Paralympic Games ever. The New Zealand Paralympic Team secured a stunning 21 medals across 12 individual medallists – 9 gold, 5 silver and 7 bronze. Overall, the Team placed 13 out of 159 on the medal table, its highest placing ever, and defended its title of number 1 in the world for medals per capita won during London 2012.
Photo credit - Mary Fisher at Rio 2016 Paralympic Games - Getty Images
Tags: #SpiritofGold, #Paraswimming, #Paralympian
New Zealand Para Swimming Team named to compete at 2019 World Para Swimming Championships

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Kaili South railway station is a railway station of Hangchangkun Passenger Railway located in Guizhou, China.

Railway stations in Guizhou
Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Accidentally deleted submodule folders during merge and committed; how to re add them without reverting and completely merging again I did git merge with a branch which contains submodules and forgot to add the folders for some submodules (or deleted them accidentally during the merge while resolving conflicts).
Update submodules now errors with
pathspec '...' did not match any file(s) known to git.

I thought i could manually add empty folders for the submodules and amend but that doesn't seem possible.
Is there a way to add the needed folders without having to revert everything and merge again?
Here's what i did (i used tortoisegit but this script reproduces the exact same behavior; the problem is not tortoisegit specific, tortoisegit just makes it easier to not commit all changed files, i.e. the submodule directory in my case, which here is mimicked with git rm -f test2):
rm -rf test2
mkdir test2
cd test2
git init .

echo 2 > test2.cpp
git add .
git commit -a -m 1
git branch -m main

cd ..

rm -rf test
mkdir test
cd test
git init .

echo 1 > test.cpp
git add .
git commit -a -m a1
git branch -m a
git branch b

git submodule add -- ../test2 test2
git commit -m a2

git checkout b
rm -r test2
echo 12 > test.cpp
git commit -a -m b2

git checkout a
echo 13 > test.cpp
git commit -a -m a3

git checkout b

git merge a
echo 123 > test.cpp
git add test.cpp
git rm -f test2
git commit -m b3

git submodule update --init --recursive -- "test2"

Demo

A: OK, with the reproducer, I can reproduce the problem.  The final merge commit (on branch b in the test directory repository) now has no submodule test2 at all, because the resolving step removed it:
$ git status
On branch b
nothing to commit, working tree clean
$ git submodule status
$ cat .gitmodules
$

So now we'd like to put the submodule back.  We can do that with git submodule add as usual:
$ git submodule add -- ../test2 test2
A git directory for 'test2' is found locally with remote(s):
  origin    [...]/test2
If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from
  [...]/test2
use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo
or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' option.

This is with a modern-ish but not up to date Git; older versions of Git may not say anything at all here, and might silently accept the attempt, but since I have this version, I now follow the advice that git submodule add printed and use --force:
$ git submodule add --force -- ../test2 test2
Reactivating local git directory for submodule 'test2'.
$ git status
On branch b
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged <file>..." to unstage)
        modified:   .gitmodules
        new file:   test2

$ git submodule status
 b603f2eb4c83459de3d0796a89f1ab8bc19e1449 test2 (heads/main)

To "update" the merge—rather than making a new commit that adds on to the merge—we can now use git commit --amend, as usual.  Note that this really does just make a new commit.  The special thing that --amend does is to make the parents of the new commit the same as the parents of the current commit, which we can see with git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph here:
$ git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph
*   1bc7878 (HEAD -> b) b3
|\
| * 3a6d09d (a) a3
| * b11ea5c a2
* | 2d6b761 b2
|/
* 38babd9 a1
$ git commit --amend -C HEAD
[b c5650ba] b3
 Date: Mon May 9 03:11:28 2022 -0700
$ git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph
*   c5650ba (HEAD -> b) b3
|\
| * 3a6d09d (a) a3
| * b11ea5c a2
* | 2d6b761 b2
|/
* 38babd9 a1

We now have a new, different hash ID for the tip commit of branch b (now c5650ba in my test, but of course everyone will get a different hash ID here).  But I told Git to re-use the commit message from the previous branch-tip commit (1bc7878) with -C HEAD, without editing, so the entire thing happened with no manual intervention at this point.  And now the merge commit has the submodule again.
(We can see the old merge commit if we add it to the git log command, e.g.:
$ git log --all --decorate --oneline --graph 1bc7878
*   c5650ba (HEAD -> b) b3
|\
| | * 1bc7878 b3
| |/|
|/|/
| * 3a6d09d (a) a3
| * b11ea5c a2
* | 2d6b761 b2
|/
* 38babd9 a1

There is just no name for the old merge commit.  Since we never sent it anywhere—we did not run git push nor allow anyone to sneak into our machine with git fetch—nobody else will know we ever made it.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Entity;

use AppBundle\Entity\Base\BaseClass;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File;
use Vich\UploaderBundle\Mapping\Annotation as Vich;
use Gedmo\Mapping\Annotation as Gedmo;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;

/**
 * Plan
 *
 * @Vich\Uploadable
 * @ORM\Table(name="planes")
 * @ORM\Entity(repositoryClass="AppBundle\Repository\PlanRepository")
 */
class Plan extends BaseClass
{
    /**
     * @var int
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="id", type="integer")
     * @ORM\Id
     * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO")
     */
    private $id;

    /**
     * @var string
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="valor", type="decimal", precision=10, scale=2)
     */
    private $valor;

    /**
     * @var string
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="nombre", type="string", length=255, unique=true)
     */
    private $nombre;

    /**
     * @var string
     *
     * @ORM\Column(name="descripcion", type="text")
     */
    private $descripcion;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="periodo", type="integer")
	 */
	private $periodo;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="slug", type="string", length=255, nullable=true)
	 * @Gedmo\Slug(fields={"nombre"})
	 */
	private $slug;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="boton_mercado_pago", type="text", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $botonMercadoPago;

	/**
	 * @var string
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="boton_pay_pal", type="text", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $botonPayPal;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="geolocalizacion", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $geolocalizacion;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="noticias", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $noticias;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="cantidad_publicacion_premium", type="integer", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $cantidadPublicacionPremium;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="cantidad_publicacion_comun", type="integer", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $cantidadPublicacionComun;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="cantidad_publicacion_exclusiva", type="integer", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $cantidadPublicacionExclusiva;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="perfil_empresa_video", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $perfilEmpresaVideo;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="perfil_empresa_foto", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $perfilEmpresaFoto;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="perfil_empresa_slide_fotos", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $perfilEmpresaSlideFotos;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="perfil_empresa_llamada", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $perfilEmpresallamada;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="compartir", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $compartir;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="link_web", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $linkWeb;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="boton_llamar", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $botonLlamar;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="deep_link", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $deepLink;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="mailing_operador", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $mailingOperador;

	/**
	 * @var boolean
	 *
	 * @ORM\Column(name="usuario_vip_brasil", type="boolean", nullable=true)
	 */
	private $usuarioVipBrasil;

	/**
	 * NOTE: This is not a mapped field of entity metadata, just a simple property.
	 *
	 * @Vich\UploadableField(mapping="planes_image", fileNameProperty="imageName")
	 *
	 * @var File
	 *
	 * @Assert\File(mimeTypes={ "image/*" })
	 */
	private $imageFile;

	/**
	 * @ORM\Column(type="string", length=255, nullable=true)
	 *
	 * @var string
	 *
	 */
	private $imageName;

	/**
	 * If manually uploading a file (i.e. not using Symfony Form) ensure an instance
	 * of 'UploadedFile' is injected into this setter to trigger the  update. If this
	 * bundle's configuration parameter 'inject_on_load' is set to 'true' this setter
	 * must be able to accept an instance of 'File' as the bundle will inject one here
	 * during Doctrine hydration.
	 *
	 * @param File|\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\UploadedFile $image
	 *
	 * @return Product
	 */
	public function setImageFile( File $image = null ) {
		$this->imageFile = $image;

		if ( $image ) {
			// It is required that at least one field changes if you are using doctrine
			// otherwise the event listeners won't be called and the file is lost
			$this->fechaActualizacion = new \DateTime( 'now' );
		}

		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @return File
	 */
	public function getImageFile() {
		return $this->imageFile;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $imageName
	 *
	 */
	public function setImageName( $imageName ) {
		$this->imageName = $imageName;

		return $this;
	}

	/**
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getImageName() {
		return $this->imageName;
	}

    /**
     * Get id
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    /**
     * Set valor
     *
     * @param string $valor
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setValor($valor)
    {
        $this->valor = $valor;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get valor
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getValor()
    {
        return $this->valor;
    }

    /**
     * Set nombre
     *
     * @param string $nombre
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setNombre($nombre)
    {
        $this->nombre = $nombre;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get nombre
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getNombre()
    {
        return $this->nombre;
    }

    /**
     * Set descripcion
     *
     * @param string $descripcion
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setDescripcion($descripcion)
    {
        $this->descripcion = $descripcion;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get descripcion
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDescripcion()
    {
        return $this->descripcion;
    }

    /**
     * Set periodo
     *
     * @param integer $periodo
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setPeriodo($periodo)
    {
        $this->periodo = $periodo;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get periodo
     *
     * @return integer
     */
    public function getPeriodo()
    {
        return $this->periodo;
    }

    /**
     * Set slug
     *
     * @param string $slug
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setSlug($slug)
    {
        $this->slug = $slug;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get slug
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getSlug()
    {
        return $this->slug;
    }

    /**
     * Set botonMercadoPago
     *
     * @param string $botonMercadoPago
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setBotonMercadoPago($botonMercadoPago)
    {
        $this->botonMercadoPago = $botonMercadoPago;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get botonMercadoPago
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBotonMercadoPago()
    {
        return $this->botonMercadoPago;
    }

    /**
     * Set botonPayPal
     *
     * @param string $botonPayPal
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setBotonPayPal($botonPayPal)
    {
        $this->botonPayPal = $botonPayPal;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get botonPayPal
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getBotonPayPal()
    {
        return $this->botonPayPal;
    }

    /**
     * Set geolocalizacion
     *
     * @param boolean $geolocalizacion
     *
     * @return Plan
     */
    public function setGeolocalizacion($geolocalizacion)
    {
        $this->geolocalizacion = $geolocalizacion;

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get geolocalizacion
     *
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function getGeolocalizacion()
    {
        return $this->geolocalizacion;
    }

    /**
     * Set noticias
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Cristiano Ronaldo scored twice and set up a third as his team maintained their position as joint leaders in UEFA EURO 2012 qualifying Group H.
Portugal remain joint leaders in UEFA EURO 2012 qualifying Group H after putting four goals past ten-man Cyprus without reply in Nicosia.
The hosts held Portugal to a spectacular 4-4 draw in Guimaraes at the start of their campaign last September, but there was to be no repeat after they lost Sinisa Dobrasinovic to a red card for handball in the area after 34 minutes. Cristiano Ronaldo converted the resultant penalty and, although Cyprus then held out for much of the game, Ronaldo added a second eight minutes from time before substitutes Hugo Almeida and Danny also struck.
The win was by no means undeserved, with Portugal on top from the start and Antonis Giorgallides needing to race off his line to block a shot from João Pereira after 13 minutes. The home side's rearguard then failed to deal with a cross and it was left to Giorgallides to save the day again from a Pepe header, before the Cyprus No1 smothered the danger on the half-hour as Hélder Postiga looked ready to pounce following a João Moutinho corner.
Cyprus's respite did not last long as Dobrasinovic was dismissed moments later for handling Postiga's attempt on goal, which left Ronaldo to break the deadlock from the spot. The Real Madrid CF forward was not done there either, burying the ball beyond Giorgallides after playing a neat one-two with Nani, and crossing for Hugo Almeida to pass into an empty net after sprinting past Georgos Merkis.
Danny rounded off the scoring in added time after latching on to a long ball from Moutinho, and the win kept Portugal level on 13 points with Norway at the summit and three ahead of Denmark, who have a game in hand. In fourth, Cyprus will look to bounce back in Iceland on Tuesday, while Portugal face the same team next on 7 October.


With over 41 screens showing all kinds of live sports, from boxing to darts, and the biggest sports screen in Leeds, you'll never miss a moment of action here. Bet live as events unfold. Keep cool with lagers, ales, and stouts from the craft beer bar. Get high definition views here.
Taste a selection of drinks including craft beers from local brewers. Catch everything from boxing to the premiership on 15 wrap around screens and place live bets with the bar's betting terminals. Open 24 hours a day.
Watch that vital grudge match all together, totally uninterrupted – book Live Bar for your party. No matter what the fixture, we've got a private hire package that'll let you relish every second of it in HD.
Like and follow Live Bar on Facebook to stay up to date with what's on and enter regular competitions.
Leave the buzz of the gaming tables for another table that's equally exciting. Enter V Restaurant and sit down to sample some of Yorkshire's finest produce. From dishes with Asian influences to British classics, we satisfy every appetite.


text:
#8:Kototama/Showa/Dance
KOTOTAMA
We are excited to begin a new period of intercultural exchange at J-LABO Brooklyn with the first U.S. solo exhibition of the brilliant Japanese calligrapher and artist Sugita Koki.
Reception Part 1 at Globus Washitsu on Decenber 4th
The exhibition was held at the Globus Washitsu in Manhattan on December 4. Approx. 40 guests who participated in this fabulous Omotenashi party enjoyed with Sake, Sushi and Art.
A tea ceremony provided by Tea-Whisk and a collaboration performance by Sumie Kaneko (Shamisen) and Koki Sugita (Calligrapher).
Reception Part 2 at J-LABO Brookyn on December 7thh
The Koki's solo exhibition, KOTOTAMA was held at J-LABO Brooklyn in Park Slope from December 7thto 20th. We are so honerd to be with approx. 100 guests at the opening reception on December 7th.
This show marks the genesis of a new technique involving the use of calligraphy on Tatami matting, which was traditionally made from woven straw and has always been integral to the life and culture of the Japanese people.
Performances by Koki and Masayo Ishigure (Koto).
Globus Washitsu: http://www.nycwashitsu.com/ Address:889 Broadway, New York, NY 10003
Itoen: http://www.itoen.com/
Yatsushika Syuzo: http://www.yatsushika.com/
Sumie Kaneko: http://www.sumiekanekomusic.com/
Koki Sugita: http://sugitakoki.com/
Tea-Whisk: http://www.tea-whisk.com/Tea-Whisk/Welcome.html
Masayo Ishigure: http://www.letsplaykoto.com/
J-COLLABO Live Performance from j-collabo.org on Vimeo.
Opening Reception: Saturday, April 12, 2014, 8:00PM-10:00PM
Music by WATER BRAIN
Nick Chen ( ENIX )
Dean G. Brown
Fumio Tashiro
Dance by Blue Muse Dance NYPerformer: Malin Barr
Closing Reception: Saturday, April 19, 2014, 8:00PM-10:00PM
Music by Combat JazzJohn McQueeney – sax
John Turner – trumpet
Jorge Manahan – guitar
Trevor James Walker – drums
Fumio Tashiro – bass
Dance by Blue Muse Dance NY
Performers: Hazuki Homma, Femi Olagoke, Stefania Dalmonte, Natalie Kolbo, Brian C. Jones & Robin Johnson'
"My Dance Teacher" : Sengiku Bando with a film "Kool : Dancing in my mind" on May 2 at J-LABO.
"Kool:Dancing in my mind" by Robert Wilson and Richard Rutkowski.
The film is about Suzushi Hanayagi, a traditional Japanese dancer, who over the years has become very influential as a dancer and choreographer. SuzushiHanayagi in the film has also collaborated with avantgarde director Robert Wilson, who refers to her as "My Teacher"
Dance Performance by Sengiku Bando
A new generation of a dancer, choregrapher from Japan, Sengiku Bando has performed at theater festivals such as Avignon, and the Sciviu Festival in Romania. The performance begins with images of the New York scene. Sengiku Bando, starts to perform her own original piece inspired by these images, seen behind her, which dissolve into own space and live performance
Kaoru Watanabe – fue
Hisami Kurosawa and Miho Morita
Afterwards, we will continue with a panel discussion with Sengiku Bando, and a New York dance choregrapher, about Japanese traditional dance as presented and interpreted in overseas cultures
This was an art exhibit of the mixed media pieces of Yuichi Sugai and the video art installations of Miho Morita. This exhibit entitled, Vigorous Showa, examines and commemorates a period of rapid growth and evolution in 20th century Japan.
In Japanese history the Showa period represents the time of rapid social and economic growth that eventually established Japan as a world super power. This period is revered in Japanese history, since it followed many years of international and domestic upheaval including two world wars and the use of nuclear weapons that devastated the infrastructure as well as the spirit of many Japanese people. The period of Showa is often referred to as "Time of disturbance and turbulence." Vigorous Showa pays homage to this cherished time in Japanese history. A time in which the spirit and vitality was restored in the hearts of Japan's people.
"Vigorous Showa" : Art Exhibition from April 12 to 20 at J-LABO.
J-COLLABO held two Winter Festivals for Artists from Japan & NY and Kids in Park slope.
The audiences enjoyed uniquely constructed a multi disciplinary art showcase or games at J-Collabo's 3500 square feet with seatings on three sides experimental space, J-LABO Brooklyn.


When a stock jumps 130% in a single day, as MacroGenics (MGNX) did last Wednesday, it's natural to think the big story (and the trade opportunity) has come and gone.
That's potentially great news for cancer patients, as well as the company. As noted, it launched MGNX into orbit, pushing shares up nearly 300% intraday before the stock "settled" for that 130% closing gain (chart above). So, that would pretty much seem to be the end of the market story—especially for bulls, who may be understandably hesitant to pick up a stock that is more than twice as expensive as it was just a few days ago.
First, as important as they are, successful clinical trials such as this aren't the end of the story for a pharma company. They are the prelude to getting FDA approval for a drug (which MacroGenics hopes to get later this year), and then actually translating medical success into business success. In the long run, of course, hopefully it works out for everyone—patients, MGNX employees, and investors.
In the short-term, however, there's been plenty of action in the aftermath of last Wednesday's surge. Power E*TRADE LiveAction scans showed MGNX options open interest yesterday was more than seven times its daily average (see above). Open interest, which is the number of unclosed options positions, increases when traders are getting into a market more than they're getting out of it. This could be a signal that traders still expect more action in the stock.
So far, they've gotten it. In addition to pulling back around 21% on February 6 from their intraday high, MGNX shares sold off the next three days, including an 11% drop on February 7 and a 6%-plus decline yesterday. At this point, some stock traders have "decided"—by virtue of their actions—that MGNX's February 6 rally was overdone. They, or other traders, may have a different outlook tomorrow.
In other words, the stock has jumped to these levels before, and retreated. The 2014 highs around $40-$41 appeared to act as resistance for three rallies in 2015.
Regardless of the stock's longer-term prospects, traders appear to be actively engaged in a battle to decide whether giving back much more of the February 6 explosion is a good idea. And as unique as MGNX's situation appears to be, these traders are unlikely to totally discount the influence of the broad market, as well as the sector and industry trends. Year-to-date, health care is the weakest S&P 500 (SPX) sector, and bio tech is one of that sector's weakest industries.
The clinical trial results may be in, but the stock's story isn't done.
Market Mover Update: Oil started out the week on the downside, with April WTI crude oil futures (CLJ9) approaching support in the vicinity of the January lows (around $51–$51.60) before bouncing.
Today's numbers: NFIB Small Business Optimism Index (6 a.m.), JOLTS (10 a.m.).
Today's earnings include: Shopify (SHOP), Under Armour (UAA), US Foods (USFD), Activision Blizzard (ATVI), Akamai Tech (AKAM), Exelixis (EXEL), Fossil (FOSL), iQIYI (IQ), Occidental Petro (OXY), TripAdvisor (TRIP), Twilio (TWLO).
1 American City Business Journals. MacroGenics stock spikes from positive results of cancer drug trial. 2/4/19.


Our dogs' party includes several games. We aim for fun ... but it helps if you've done your training!
The handler (the Server) walks down a winding course, carrying a cocktail sausage on a plate and a cup full of water. For the more advanced dogs, the cup must be carried in the same hand as the lead (but it looks like some cheating happened!). At the end of the course, the Server pours the water into a bucket. The dog can have the sausage (yum).
The team with the most water in the bucket wins. Of course, if your heelwork is poor, you'll spill a lot of water on the way. And if your dog keeps jumping up for the sausage, you can't keep your cup steady either.
Good food manners and great heelwork win the game.
in his left hand – she is an advanced dog!
in his hand! His dog still behaves well!
A fair bit of water spilt just a moment ago!
But this pair are now back on track.
he's staying in splendid heel.
Her dog is looking round just in time.
that Labrador nose at work.
takes over for this one!
Server is unsteady, but nothing dropped!
... and is that another nose down to sniff?
Oh no! Is that water being spilt?
Heelwork is tricky for a very young dog.
Yep! Drops of water! Bad luck.
But keep working on heel. You'll get there.
heelwork – her water is safe.
the sausage is too enticing for pulling!
not yet in the advanced classes.
what's the cup doing in the free hand ?
doesn't matter if both hands have the lead.
at the end of the course.
Mark your team's square with your dog in stay (but you lose the square if your dog gets up). The dog can be in Down or Sit. Handlers with advanced dogs must leave the dog, and retreat from the grid. Handlers from our puppy, beginner and intermediate classes can stand next to their dog.
The game tests Stay under distraction (people coming and going), and near to other dogs.
We found out that it also tests handler concentration – it's very easy to loose track of which dog is in which team and put your dog in the wrong square (to the dismay of others in your team!).
Not sure the handlers understand it all?
Will they remember who is in which team?
remains in their Stay throughout the game!
is careful to make sure the dog understands.
This one in a sit, with handler next to them.
The fifth dog goes into the grid.
Still no dog has moved.
The sixth dog gets placed. A line has formed.
Well done to all. No dog moved!
We ended the morning with a scrumptious barbecue. There were meat and vegetarian sausages, rolls, mince pies, chocolates, warm spiced fruit punch, and more.
The kitchen helpers watch the games.
Look! They have cooked it so well.
now where are those sausages and the punch?
who broke the reindeer horn!
Thanks to Bruce for taking the pictures.


Public discussion of energy descent is generally seen as unrealistic, defeatist and politically counterproductive although many activists promoting sustainability strategies privately acknowledge that energy descent maybe inevitable. I want to expand the systems approach to future energy transitions by focusing on the most ignored of the long term scenarios for the following reasons.
_1. We do not have to believe that a particular scenario is likely before making serious preparations. For example most people have fire insurance on their homes, not because they expect their primary asset to be destroyed by fire but because they recognize the severity of this unlikely event. Similarly, energy descent scenarios, by their very nature, require more forethought and proactive planning than energy growth or steady state scenarios (to avert catastrophic consequences) .
_2. The rapidly accumulating evidence on both climate change and peaking of world oil supply, to name the two most important factors, makes some sort of energy descent increasingly likely despite the deep structural and psychological denial of this evidence.
_3. The likelihood that permaculture principles and strategies (not necessarily by that name) could inform societal-wide redesign and re-organization in an energy descent future. Since this scenario is the one in which permaculture is naturally at the fore, it is logical for those committed to permaculture to think more deeply about energy descent.
Ecological modeling suggests an energy descent path that could play out over a similar time frame to the industrial ascent era of 250 years. Historical evidence suggests a descent process that could involve a series of crises that provide stepwise transitions between consolidation and stabilization phases that could be more or less stable for decades before another crisis triggers another fall and then another restabilisation.
There is a desperate need to recast energy descent as a positive process that can free people from the strictures and dysfunctions of growth economics and consumer culture. This is now apparent to many people around the world and is far more fundamental than a public relations campaign to paint a black sky blue. It is a necessary process to provide a sense of hope and connection to fundamental human values expressed by every traditional culture throughout human history; that the pursuit of materialism is a false god.
One of the positive aspects of energy descent that is often overlooked is that it is a culture of continuous and novel change over many human generations. Ironically the growth culture of the previous several hundred years provides us with some conceptual and cultural experience at dealing with change that traditional peoples in more stable societies lacked. We are now familiar with continuous change, that we must do something different to our parent's generation and that our children must do something different again. This may seem a small bright spot when considering the challenges of energy descent but it is a real asset that we must harness if we are to deal with energy descent in the most graceful way possible.
Section II Explores the relevance of permaculture design systems to an era of energy descent.
affluence globally, its relevance will likely increase radically.
Permaculture was one of the environmental design concepts to emerge from the 1970's debate over energy and resource availability and was founded on the assumption that the next energy transition would involve the re-emergence of biological systems as central to economics and society. The vision that informed permaculture design, teaching and action saw relocalized food and renewable energy production, revitalized household and community economies and bioregional political structures establishing a permanent (i.e. sustainable) human culture. The opportunistic use of fossil fuelled wealth and waste to fund the transition was an integral part of the permaculture strategy. I see permaculture design generating more appropriate biological and human capital in ways less demanding of physical resources and with low depreciation rates that are useful to a world of energy descent. In my book Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability, I explained the title in terms of the Energy Descent future undermining the steady state notions inherent to most thinking about sustainability and even permaculture.
Permaculture has spread around the world but has an extraordinary, perhaps unique role in Australia, as a concept, a collection of design strategies, and as an environmental movement. A definition is included in the Macquarie dictionary and it is almost a household word. As a "brand" it carries a great deal of good will but also much baggage and is generally regarded in policy and planning circles as marginal to mainstream decision making. Some more thoughtful people recognize it as tuned to a world of declining resources that will require adaptive strategies quite different from those being pursued currently.
Not surprisingly, Permaculture solutions have been more effectively applied in community and agricultural development work in many majority world communities where energy descent has been a reality for many people. While these conditions can be understood in terms of inequitable distribution of resources rather than fundamental limits, they provide models for behavior in response to energy descent. The most dramatic example is the role that permaculture strategies and techniques played in rapidly increasing urban food production as part of a multi pronged strategy to avert famine in Cuba in the early 1990's following the collapse of the Soviet Union. What is particularly interesting about this model is that Cuba is a middle income country with a long history of industrialized agriculture and an urbanized and dependent population similar to many affluent countries. Today Cubans have life expectancy and other indices of development comparable with the USA while using one seventh the energy and resources.
Permaculture is, intuitively, most relevant to the Energy Descent scenarios in which there is a major decline in the power from non-renewable resources but many of the strategies are synergistic with those focused on appropriate responses to the Techno Stability scenario which demands a degree of relocalization of food supply and other key economies and a shift from centralized to distributed energy sources.
Sometimes permaculture is understood as simply returning to traditional patterns from the past and is consequently criticized as impractical. While it is true that older, more traditional patterns of resource use and living provide some of the elements and inspiration for permaculture, it is certainly more than this. One way to understand permaculture is as a post-modern integration of elements from different traditions and modernity that involves continuous change and evolution. This builds on the human experience of continuous change rather than static tradition as well as the more recent emergence of design as a new literacy that allows us to effectively and efficiently respond to and redesign our environment and ourselves.
While Peak Oil has remained a concept at the fringe of public debate and policy, climate change has gathered speed as the key environmental issue demanding attention alongside more traditional concerns about economics and security. The creation of the IPCC in 1988 reflected the scientific consensus in the mid 1980's that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide was caused by human emissions but the realization that climate change was already happening began to take shape in the 1990's and by 2007 even political leaders in the USA and Australia (who had become infamous for denying climate change) began to accept it as a reality. It has been the increase in drought and extreme weather events more than increases in average temperatures or subtle ecological changes that have spurred the political and public realization that climate change is already happening. The focus has shifted from impacts on nature to impacts on humanity.
Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions have become almost synonymous with the sustainability concept. New financial instruments such as carbon trading have developed despite the uncertainty about international agreements to underpin and sustain them. Renewable energy sources have grown significantly especially in countries with the most progressive responses to climate change. At the same time geological sequestration of carbon dioxide has been strongly promoted as a way to allow coal-fired power stations to continue to provide the bulk of the world's electric power without creating climate chaos. The nuclear industry has been recast as an environmental savior. Despite all the focus on the issue, the emissions of greenhouse gases worldwide has continued to parallel economic growth. Consequently the emissions increases have been higher than even the worst case (business as usual) scenarios produced in the earlier reports by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).
The most recent evidence on climate change is showing that the rate of onset of warming in the Arctic make the IPCC's fourth report look incompetent in its failure to be alarmist enough. Hansen's report suggests that the onset of severe impacts from climate change are now inevitable even if there is a huge world wide effort at mitigation. Greenland ice cap melting and sea ice retreat are occurring now far faster than expected. This new evidence has been ignored by the IPCC's ponderous processes for its reports. James Hansen's research suggests that sea level rises could be 5 meters by 2100 rather than the 0.5m used in the IPCC's fourth report. This suggests that the onset of severe impacts from climate change is now inevitable, even if there is a huge world-wide effort at mitigation.
There is also very little evidence that mitigation within the context of modern affluent society will radically reduce greenhouse gas emission in any case. Most of the increases in efficiency and other gains through technology have been countered by increases in emissions elsewhere. This may appear to be due to the small scale and spread of these gains but there is a more fundamental problem that is known to systems theorists as the "rebound effect" or the "Jevons' paradox". A gain in resource efficiency in one part of a system is immediately used to drive growth in another part. For example, the savings made in reducing Economic recession is the only proven mechanism for a rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions house heating costs is typically being spent on something like an overseas holiday by a householder. This suggests that without radical behavioral and organizational change that would threaten the foundations of our growth economy, greenhouse gas emissions along with other environmental impacts will not decline. Economic recession is the only proven mechanism for a rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and may now be the only real hope for maintaining the earth in a habitable state.
Further, most of the proposals for mitigation from Kyoto to the feverish efforts to construct post Kyoto solutions have been framed in ignorance of Peak Oil. As Richard Heinberg has argued recently, proposals to cap carbon emissions annually, and allowing them to be traded, rely on the rights to pollute being scarce relative to the availability of the fuel. Actual scarcity of fuel may make such schemes irrelevant.
Most of the comparative discussion about energy resources has focused on "Proven, Probable and Possible Reserves". These are economic concepts about what can be profitably extracted using current technology and prices. Banks lend massive amounts of money to develop energy projects over long periods with risks of price collapses that can reduce or eliminate profits. The Proven reserves represent assets that can be considered as collateral by the lender. There is a long history of "reserve growth" of Proven reserves. While some of this is due to technology improvement, and more recently price rises, very little is due to finding more oil. Most is simply due to shifting reserves from the Probable to the Proven category driven by reporting policies and regulations.
Nationalization of oil reserves in the 1970's allowed OPEC countries to report reserve growth with less scrutiny by western banks and in the 1980's radical revision upward of reserve figures were made without finding any more oil. This hopeless corruption of reserve figures, of arguably the most important set of accounts in the world, was not exposed until the late 1990's with the work of Campbell and Laherrere beginning the current debate about peak oil. It is still yet to be accepted or acknowledged by governments or intergovernmental agencies such as the International Energy Agency, charged with providing transparent and accurate information on energy resources.
The debate about Peak Oil has also highlighted the confusion in economic and political discourse about the importance of production rates and their potential to keep expanding. This collective myopia on the part of the intelligentsia is all the more stunning because it has been increasing rates of energy production (not reserve growth) that has underpinned economic growth. The orthodox view that healthy reserves, by themselves, can ensure expanding production has been show to be false.
The collective myopia on the part of the intelligentsia is all the more stunning because it has been increasing rates of energy production that has underpinned economic growth.
Similarly, the conventional wisdom that coal reserves are so great that we can expand coal based electricity with or without carbon sequestration, and make liquid fuel from coal is now being widely challenged. As with oil, we see that reserve figures are of dubious reliability and large reserves do not mean that production rates can necessarily increase. The slow rate of increase in oil production from the Canadian tar sands, despite massive investment, heroic logistics (and massive environmental damage) proves that large reserves do not necessarily lead to high production rates. The fact that Canada, overnight, became the nation with the largest oil reserves in the world because it was allowedto classify its tar sands as oil, highlights the arbitrary nature of the reserve concept. It is highly likely that nowhere near enough fossil fuels can be mined fast enough to generate the worst case emission scenarios of the IPCC. It is just unfortunate that climate change seems to be happening at much lower levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide than predicted in those same models.
The evidence on peak oil is gathering so fast that it is now certain that the world has already peaked in the production of cheap (conventional) oil and that the peak production of "crude plus condensate" (the standard measure of oil) may have already passed despite vigorous debunking of peak oil that continues in policy circles and the media. The steady climb in prices for eight years should have been enough to lift production if that were possible. The impacts of peak oil are unfolding all around us in the world but they are being regularly interpreted in the media as caused by more familiar (above ground) factors such as terrorism, oil nationalism, corporate greed or incompetence, speculators, etc. The combination of rolling crises and obfuscation of the issues is leading to confusion and inappropriate responses (from oil wars to biofuels from agricultural crops) that are compounding the problems.
The debate amongst peak oil analysts has now shifted from when, to at what rate, the world will decline. The debate amongst peak oil analysts has now shifted from when, to at what rate, the world will decline after we move off the current plateau in production. The decline rates in the UK and Mexico have provided progressively stronger evidence that the application of modern management and technology in oil production, while delaying peak, ultimately leads to faster decline rates than had been expected (based on past rates of national decline). If these higher decline rates follow through into global decline, then mitigation and adaption strategies, without economic collapse will be very difficult. Given the accelerating consumption of natural gas and coal we should assume peak production of both will quickly follow oil peak.
Another factor is already accelerating the impact of global peak on the importing countries. Almost all of the oil producing countries have rapidly growing economies driven by large oil revenues and in many cases rapidly growing populations. Internal consumption in these countries is ensuring that after peak, the rate of exports declines much faster than production. The two largest producers and exporters Saudi Arabia and Russia are the prime examples. Global economic growth may continue for some years in oil and resource rich countries, but not in the importing countries that have been used to affluence and continuous economic growth for the longest.
Alternatively, a constant state of corruption, dysfunction and/or open war, in oil exporting countries can have the effect of enforcing exports in the face of shortages at home. Although this appears counter-intuitive, the failure of functional governance in the national interest combined with a shattered or stunted economy reduces the capacity of the national market to pay for oil and allows foreign oil companies to gain favorable concessions and military protection from corrupt governments. Aspects of this scenario are at work to maintain the flow of oil from Nigeria and Iraq to the USA and other large importers.
Thus, we can see both the collapsing exports, and enforced export scenarios unfolding simultaneously as the major expression of the struggle for declining production. This suggests at the very least, massive shifts in geo-political and economic power over the next few years, even if global growth continues.
Section III considers one other compounding factor, that of decreasing net energy returns.
This decline in net energy yield results in an increasing proportion of society's real wealth being devoted to the energy harvesting sectors of the economy, leaving less and less for all other sectors.
Other resources sectors with rapidly increasing demand for energy include mining and metal processing, which currently use about 10% of world energy supply, have an escalating demand as lower quality ore bodies are mined. The implications of declines in Energy Return On Energy Invested (ERoEI) are so shocking that there is much confusion and denial about the concept of net energy.
The declining net energy yields of our energy resources results in an increasing proportion of society's real wealth being devoted to the energy harvesting sectors of the economy, leaving less and less for all other sectors.
My own tracking of these issues over the last thirty years leads me to the conclusion that the next energy transition is to sources with lower energy production rates and lower net energy yield which in turn will drive changes in human economy and society that are without precedent since the decline and/or collapse of previous complex civilizations such as the Mayans and the Romans.
The most sophisticated method of evaluating net energy, with the longest history of development, is EMergy Accounting developed by Howard Odum and colleagues. It has informed my own development of permaculture principles and strategies over the last 30 years but unfortunately it remains unknown or at best misunderstood in academic and policy circles. EMergy accounting includes ways of measuring energy quality (called "Transformity"). This makes it possible to account for small quantities of very high quality energy in technology and human services that undermine many of the more optimistic assessments of alternative energy sources including biomass, nuclear and solar.
To test the relative impact of net energy compared with declines in energy production rates, I used a recent assessment of global energy production through to 2050 by Paul Chefurka published and discussed on The Oil Drum website. The study was well referenced and its assumptions and methodology were clear. It took account of likely reductions from oil, gas and coal but included reasonably optimistic figures for future production from renewables and nuclear. It shows a peak in total energy production about 2020 followed by a decline to 70% of 2005 production by 2050. This is a very serious reduction given an expected global population of 9 billion. Below are the key production projections and energy mix pie charts from the study.
Using published EMergy accounting studies I multiplied these current and projected global energy sources by their net EMergy yield ratios. This shows that the energy quality of 2050 energy mix will be 58% of the 2005 energy mix. This suggests that declining net energy is a greater factor than projected declines in production. Multiplying these factors together suggests real energetic power available to humanity will be 40% of current yields. This does not allow for the energetic cost of carbon sequestration (still unknown) to ameliorate the otherwise disastrous impacts on the climate of the increased use of coal.
The net energy return from fossil fuels including coal will decline so that the above calculation of humanity having about 40% of current net energy by 2050 may still be optimistic. Further it does not take account of decline (or increase) in the average net energy return for a particular source. While it is possible that net energy return from newer renewable sources (such as solar and even wind) could conceivably improve with time, it is more likely that they will decline as the embedded fossil energy contribution (to the new energy sources) declines. A new evaluation of the net energy return of gas production in North America using a methodology developed by Cleverland and Costanza suggests net energy return is in the process of a collapse so severe that net energy yield from gas in Canada will effectively fall to almost nothing by 2014 and that similar results apply to US production. This is very different from the official view that claims the USA has 86 years of production at 2004 levels based on production to reserves ratios.
Section IV considers briefly some other major factors besides Peak Oil and Climate Change which will determine the future.
Many other factors beyond Climate Change and Peak Oil are increasing the stress on global ecosystems and humanity making some form of energetic descent if not collapse, seem inevitable. A few of the more fundamental ones need at least a mention.
Accelerating economic growth and energy extraction over the last decade has greatly increased depletion of other essential non-renewable resources, especially phosphates for food production and non ferrous metals for industry. Almost all the unfolding plans and projects for energy transition beyond oil will place more demand on these depleting resources. For example, the demand for nickel steel alloys required for high pressure natural gas pipelines is pushing up the price of nickel and further depleting the remaining stocks. As lower quality deposits of critical materials are tapped, energy demands for extraction and processing will escalate dramatically and production rates will fall. The title of Richard Heinberg's latest book Peak Everything sums up the situation.
Water is the most abundant resource used by humanity, but the growing demand, is so vast that the limits once specific to a bioregion, are now being expressed at the global scale. Although I don't subscribe the view that global water shortage will constrict global growth before or more severely than liquid fuel supplies, the global water crisis is already quite severe. Even if we attribute the most dramatic impacts of droughts directly to climate change, other factors are independently contributing to the water crisis. The loss of wetlands, perennial vegetation and forests as well as soil humus are all reducing the capacity of catchments and soils to catch and store water between periods of rain, which in turn, escalates demand for irrigation. Increasing affluence is directly and indirectly increasing water consumption especially through intensive livestock husbandry dependent on irrigated fodder crops. The extraction of ground water beyond recharge rates, including huge reserves laid down after the last ice age, makes many water resources as depletable as fossil fuels, giving rise to the term "fossil water". Finally, the decline in water quality is increasing death and illness from water borne diseases, demand for expensive water filtration and treatment as well as bottled water supplies.
The unfolding global food crisis can be largely attributed to the manifold interactions and knock on effects of energy costs and climate change including droughts and bad seasons, biofuel demand and escalating costs of (energy intensive) fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. Other factors exacerbating the crisis include rising affluence increasing demand especially for beef and cotton, past low prices destroying farming as a livelihood and failure of the land reform agenda in most countries. Fixing these secondary factors is technically possible, but seems unlikely. But there is also evidence that agriculture is running up against fundamental yield limits for our main crops that, despite all the promises, genetic engineering has failed to break through. Widespread application of organic methods and permaculture design, especially when applied to small scale systems could reduce the impact of the crisis but this will not be simple or quick.
The continued growth in human numbers is now pushing well beyond that which could be sustainably supported without fossil fuels. Although affluence, conflict and other human created factors are multiplying the impact of population, there are structural factors that make the large and growing human population more important than it might otherwise be. The total size of the human population, its density of settlement in cities and the constant interchange of microbes due to travel and trade are all powerful factors increasing the likelihood of new and old diseases creating pandemics on an unprecedented scale.
The accelerating growth and concentration of debt and financial assets especially in the housing and derivatives markets is destabilizing the global economy. The virtual impossibility that future growth in the real economy could ever be large enough to justify those debts and assets suggests a major and enduring economic contraction in the near future. Alternatively we may see the financial crisis in the USA trigger a collapse similar to that which happened in the Soviet Union. If China, India, Russia and other growing economies survive relatively unscathed, completely new global power and economic systems could emerge quite quickly.
The psychosocial limits of affluent consumer culture suggest that multi generational mass affluence may burn itself out in a few generations, through dysfunctional behavior, addictions and depression. While the "Roaring 20s" in affluent countries gave some examples of the excesses of affluence that were swept away by the Great Depression and Second World War, the three generations of affluence since then have stimulated lifestyles and behaviors that are amplifying unsustainable resource consumption to new heights. The onset of severe psychosocial dysfunction in the long affluent western world could be as powerful a force as the financial system instability.
The accelerating rate of species extinctions suggests humans have initiated a wave of extinctions on the scale of the asteroid that is believed to be the cause of the mass extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. Apart from the ethical and psychological issues involved, it is hard to predict how, and when this will result in major adverse impacts on humanity other than to recognize that it is eroding the genetic base that we will increasingly depend on in the future, as well as increasing ecological instability that is undermining our ability to produce food.
1. They both are inevitable consequences of the accelerating use of fossil fuels, the undeniable primary factor in creating the explosion of human numbers, cultural complexity and impacts on nature.
4. They both contribute directly or indirectly to the impact of the other serious problems threatening humanity and nature.
To suggest that the next energy transition will fall well short of the past patterns of human collective expectations is a gross understatement. My quick overview of evidence around the most critical issues suggests we need to refocus our assumptions about the future around energy descent while developing the psycho-social and eco-technical capacity to respond to the range of possible scenarios that we could face.
While continued efforts to better understand the rate of onset of climate change and the decline in oil production is very useful, an equally important task is to understand how these factors will combine to create differing futures.


Do you want to save money? You can reduce your expenses by saving money on your car insurance. If you're struggling to make ends meet each month, cutting costs is a better strategy than going into your overdraft. Stopping your car insurance can have negative consequences in the long run. However, there are ways that you can reduce how much you spend on car insurance so that you benefit from saving without the risks of being without insurance.
Research all the car insurance companies that are out there and make a list of the reliable companies who offer a good service. Once you know which companies are trustworthy, write down how much each one charges for their products. Compare prices and choose the one that offers a combination of a good price and a trustworthy service.
Take out home and car insurance with the same company. If you have insurance for your portable possessions, you can combine this with your car and home policies too. When you use multiple products from one company, it will often result in savings as well as reduced administrative fees.
While car insurance is vital, you may not need the additional products that you have signed up for. Check what extra products you're paying for and assess whether you really need them or not. If they're not that important, cancel the additional products for extra savings.
Check your insurance company's policy for ways to achieve a lower monthly premium. In some cases, equipping your vehicle with a tracking device can reduce your monthly fee. Ask your provider for a revised quote once the tracking device is fitted. Insurance providers may view you as a low-risk client if you've completed an advanced driving course. Not only will an advanced driving course increase your chances of securing lower premiums, it will also help to keep you safe on the road. The better your driving skills are, the less likely you are to be involved in an accident, which would impact negatively on your claims history. The more claims you make, the higher monthly fee you can expect to pay. Increase your vehicle security so that you're eligible for a lower monthly premium. When you keep your car in a locked garage or on a secure, fenced property, it acts in your favour when your monthly premium is calculated.
Make sure that you update the details on your car insurance policy regularly. It's important to keep your personal details up-to-date as it's a requirement to ensure the validity of your policy. You can also save money if you move to a safer neighbourhood or to an area with improved security facilities. Likewise, asking your insurer to reassess the market value of your car each year can help to ensure that your monthly premium takes the depreciation of your car's value into account.
While opting for a lower excess can seem like a money-saving strategy, it can cost you money in the long run. Make sure that you have the money to pay the excess if you're in an accident and need to make repairs to your vehicle. Read the terms and conditions of your excess before you decide which excess option is best for you.
Different types of cars come with varying insurance premiums. Check with insurance providers for quotes according to the different types of vehicles that you are considering. Vehicle parts are the biggest expense for insurance providers so monthly fees vary according to the vehicle make that is insured. High-performance vehicles, which are capable of travelling at fast speeds, are likely to incur a higher premium.
Now that you know more about car insurance, you can devise strategies to save money by reducing your monthly premiums.


Custer Creek Farms is situated in Collin County, Texas, seven miles east of Frisco. Lying just off Custer Road, in between the Sam Rayburn Tollway and Eldorado Parkway means that the area is easily accessible and has good transport links.
Custer Creek Farms is a special neighborhood consisting of 101 estate-sized lots of one to two acres. Therefore residents have a choice of lots substantially bigger than surrounding neighborhoods, a rarity in the heart of Frisco. Wood privacy fences are prohibited, which has resulted in an open and relaxed, country-living environment and dependable community.
Custer Creek Farms real estate is handily tucked away from the hustle and bustle of the City in a desirable and well-established neighborhood where lots are all privately owned. The community also enjoys a very active Homeowners Association who upkeep a warm, family-friendly environment and provide various activities for members to interact and develop bonds with neighbors. On top of this, there is also a social committee who work to foster a cohesive community by organizing interactive events year-round for all residents. As a result, families moving to the area can rest assured that they will be joining an inclusive and like-minded community.
If you'd like more information about Custer Creek Farms homes for sale, please continue reading below.
Homes for sale in Custer Creek Farms range in value from the mid-$300,000s to the $700,000 price point. Development in the area began in the 1980s but homes here are well-kept and boast modern-looking architecture. On average, Custer Creek Farms listings will have four bedrooms, three bathrooms, 2,800 square feet of living space, a garage and will sell for around $450,000.
Buyers can build their dream home on a magnificent lot on a cul-de-sac street, making the most of large back yards and sparkling swimming pools with rock waterfalls. Inside there are spacious and bright living areas with fireplaces, wet bar, master retreat with sitting area and spa-like bathroom with jetted tub. The larger properties enjoy four or five-car garages, exercise rooms and media rooms.
Outdoors-loving families will probably spend most of their time on the huge properties, which has plenty of room for running, playing and cycling for kids. However, nearby are also a handful of parks, the McKinney Soccer Complex, Westridge Golf Course and Stoneridge Ranch Country Club.
The community is also situated equidistant from Lewisville Lake and Lavon Lake, both of which offer leisure opportunities including swimming, canoeing and fishing for the all the family.
The highly acclaimed Frisco ISD will also be a strong draw for any family moving to the area, who can take pride in their children attending one of the best school districts in the metroplex. Families can send their children to nearby Ashley Elementary, Nelson Middle School and Independence High School.
The zip code for Custer Creek Farms listings is TX 75035.