Validation of the ring count was confirmed by the second reader whose counts fell within the range of the original 3 readings for each otolith.
The measurement of settlement age was based on the pre-settlement ring count (+ 2 days), and size at settlement was based on the otolith radius to somatic length regression from measured standard length.
7m ring counts differed by 14 in tree 1, by 5 in tree 2 and by 7 in tree 3, while at the top (18.
However, mean fire-free interval calculated from records [greater than]150 yr long (as determined by total ring count for fire scarred trees or total ring count + MRFFP for fire scarred stumps) [TABULAR DATA FOR TABLE 2 OMITTED] can be combined with corresponding mean patch sizes (Table 1) to derive a reliable estimate of pre-1910 fire occurrence rates within those patches (fires/time/area).
The PLD was estimated from otolith ring counts, which are assumed to be daily growth increments as in other pomacentrids (1, 3).
The impacts on drying behavior of basic density, initial moisture content, percentage and position of heartwood, ring count, rings from the pith, growth ring angle, and earlywood and latewood coverage on board faces were investigated for western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) lumber.
In the meantime, Jackson upped his ring count to nine, tying Auerbach's record.
If the two ring counts differed, the section was read again, and if the third ring count differed from the previous two ring counts, the spine was considered unreadable and discarded.
Knot area, ring count, ring angle, initial MC, and heartwood percentage were measured for each board but not included in the final correlation.
On the other hand, the index of completion, being the ratio of the marginal increment to the width of the previous band, would be expected to be constant at the same time of year for a particular species, regardless of the ring count.
I'm the biggest sandpaper snob in the world," Copenheaver says, adding that she sands with finer and finer grade sandpaper, until she winds up with "a polish on the wood you wouldn't believe," making possible a ring count that's "absolutely perfect.
The distribution of species, timber quality, and aesthetically important growth characteristics (ring count, color, consistency of ring count, roundness of bole, etc.


With their natural sheen and strength, porcelain crowns give patients the ability to restore a tooth's natural function and appearance.
In the past, dentistry had to use metal for crowns. This was the only option for protecting a severely decayed or damaged tooth. The metal tooth was ugly in appearance. However, with better technology porcelain crowns have become the cosmetic choice when replacing missing teeth.
Dental crowns (some times called "caps") are custom made to fit over severely decayed or damaged teeth. This gives teeth strength and protects them from further decay and reducing sensitivity. Crowns improve the appearance of the tooth while strengthening a compromised tooth.
Patients in Pasadena and Deer Park Texas are excited with the natural, custom computer made crowns. Dr. Nugent utilizes the CEREC system and is able to fabricate your crown in one visit. fit offered by tailor-made porcelain crowns.
Protection: A porcelain crown acts like a helmet. It protects a damaged tooth by restoring the tooth to proper for and function.
Cosmetics: Crowns made out of metal are ugly. Porcelain is semi-translucent and mimics the luster of a real tooth. This is vitally important for improving your smile when a front tooth is involved.
Color: Porcelain crowns can be tinted and stained to match your teeth.
Function: Porcelain crowns restore your natural biting and chewing abilities.
Beautiful. With their natural appearance, porcelain crowns are the best cosmetic solutions when restoring severely broken down teeth.
Longevity: Porcelain crowns have the strength and resilience necessary to withstand the forces of chewing.
Easy Maintenance: No special care is needed to take care of a crown. You brush and floss around your crown just like you would a natural tooth.
Does not stain: Porcelain will not change color or stain.
Comfort: A crown made by a cosmetic dentist will look, feel and function like a natural tooth.
Strength: Decay and fractures weaken a tooth. A crown will protect the broken down tooth and return the strength of the tooth.
Our office is located at 3421 Burke Rd, Ste A, Pasadena Texas 77504. We see patients from Pasadena, Deer Park, La Porte, League City and Friendswood. Dr. Nugent is focuses on Cosmetic, Family, Implant and Sedation Dentistry. Dr. Nugent has been voted "Best Pasadena, Texas Dentist" multiple times. Call our office today at 713-941-8261 to schedule and appointment.


My Kids Art Parties aare fuss free for the host, great fun for the birthday child and guests. Everyone takes home a great memory and a beautiful artwork from the party.
• The guests have a lot of fun creating Art Masterpieces to take home.
• The host and the guests just turn up to an Art Studio all set up for them ready to go.
• We have Specialized Art Teachers and a Party host for the whole two hours.
• Best of all No Mess to clean up.
• Each party is individually created and designed to suit the age and interests of the birthday child.
• Self-catering – BYO Party food, drinks and cake to the party. We have the table and chairs.
Full Catering Party food and drink - $250 for 12 guests (one weeks notice is needed) extra guests after 12, $12 each.
Filled triangle sandwich's, Seasonal fruit and marshmallow kebab, Pizza scroll, Layered rainbow jelly and cream cup, Chocolate crackle, Merengue, Fairy bread, Pikelet with jam and cream, Cheezels, Juice drink popper or water bottle, plate, tablecloth, serviettes, table decoaration.
Fairy or Tribal Craft Party (age 3 – 6) wands, crowns, tribal posts. ($5 extra per child).
Collage Artwork – (age 7 -13) Create awesome art works with all the wonderful textured coloured paper and materials around.
Famous Artists Parties – (age 7-14) Paint like the masters and take home your own masterpiece.
Where is My Kids Art Studio?
The My Kids Art studio is perfectly situated in a lovely group of shops surrounding a kid friendly playground. We have the playground at our doorstep with accompaning cafes and a pizza shop open for afternoon or evening parties if you like pizza.
Address - Shop 2, Tramore Place off Starkey Street, Killarney Heights.
A $100 non-refundable deposit is needed at time of booking.
Balance due on party day.
Number of guests needs to be finalised 1 week in advance.
I am sure we will meet your party needs, please ask for extra details or questions you may have..
From the My Kids Art Team.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Listen: Vanquish – 'The Harder You Love' First taste of exciting new girl band
4th March 2012 No Comments
Four gorgeous, motivated girls who sing powerful, catchy songs with an ultra-modern sheen, Vanquish are a fantastic new girl band intent on getting inside your head and staying there.
Their debut single is 'The Harder You Love', a thrillingly propulsive pop-dance track with a defiant attitude.
Holly, Bee, Lizzie and Rianna have spent the last year touring and
performing to huge audiences and discovering themselves as a band, and 'The Harder You Love' is the first taste of their exciting sound.
Written with Ivor Novello Award winner Jorgen Elofsson – who has also created songs for Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, Westlife, Will Young and Leona Lewis.
They're working with some of the best songwriters in the pop world – people like Ivor Novello award winner Rob Davis (Kylie Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor) and Wayne Hector (Pussycat Dolls, Cheryl Cole, One Direction).
VANQUISH 'The Harder You Love'
The debut single is released 22nd April 2012
vanquishofficial.com
facebook.com/vanquish
@vanquishgirls
SHOWBIZFM RECOMMENDSBEST NEW MUSICBEST NEW MUSIC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Inspirational photos are something that can be so subjective. What inspires one person may be completely laughable to another person. And what is completely ridiculous to one person, can be a huge inspiration to another person. These photos probably fall under that category. The photos you are about to see are not inspiration in the traditional way, but are inspirational in a humorous, satirical way. If that is your source of inspiration in life, then the images you are going to view will speed you on your way.
The human spirit is an amazing thing. Inspirational photos can pay tribute to that amazing spirit.
The jury is still out on whether or not that is the case for these inspirational photos.
The inspirational photos you are about to see are intendend to "uplift" to "inspire" and to "motivate." By which I mean make you laugh.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

  <title>Test for Bug 287465</title>

  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/tests/SimpleTest/test.css" />

Mozilla Bug 287465

<iframe id="i1" src="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'></svg>">
<object id="o1" data="data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'></svg>"></object>
<iframe id="i2" src="data:text/html,">
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My name is Lindsay Powell. I live in the small town of Smyrna Delaware where we raise our four children. I relish in the opportunity to capture the beauty and wonder of our world and share it with others. I believe that everyone should have beautiful pictures of themselves and their family to pass on for generations, and those pictures should be both wonderful and affordable.
My photography is based on fifteen years in the field. I have yet to find a subject that I am not fond of. I started my business after obtaining my undergraduates degree in visual communication many years back. Photography is my passion and not my primary income as I am also a teacher of 7th grade social studies. I like to keep it this way so money is never what drives me, but my desire to serve my clients to the best of my ability and offer services to those of us who work hard for our family and money.


text:
Q: Calculating cross section of rectangle by angle Given this:

How do you calculate the length of the green line, given x degrees, and the fact that height / width = 2 / 5?
The blue line indicates at 0 degrees.
The length of the pink line equals exactly 1, which is maximum.

A: If the length of the pink line is 1 and the height/width is 2/5, then the height of the rectangle is $\frac 2{\sqrt{29}}$ and the width is $\frac 5{\sqrt{29}}$.
Look at the triangle formed by the lower half of the green line, the lower half of the blue line, and the bottom edge of the rectangle.  $\cos x = $ half of the height of the rectangle / half of the length of the green line.  So the length of the green line is the height of the rectangle divided by $\cos x$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Title 40 - Protection of Environment
CHAPTER I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBCHAPTER D - WATER PROGRAMS
PART 120 - DEFINITION OF WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES
§ 120.2 Definitions.
40 CFR § 120.2 - Definitions.
For the purposes of this part, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
Navigable waters means waters of the United States, including the territorial seas.
Waters of the United States means:
(1) Jurisdictional waters. For purposes of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. and its implementing regulations, subject to the exclusions in paragraph (2) of this section, the term "waters of the United States" means:
(i) The territorial seas, and waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide;
(ii) Tributaries;
(iii) Lakes and ponds, and impoundments of jurisdictional waters; and
(iv) Adjacent wetlands.
(2) Non-jurisdictional waters. The following are not "waters of the United States":
(i) Waters or water features that are not identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this definition;
(ii) Groundwater, including groundwater drained through subsurface drainage systems;
(iii) Ephemeral features, including ephemeral streams, swales, gullies, rills, and pools;
(iv) Diffuse stormwater run-off and directional sheet flow over upland;
(v) Ditches that are not waters identified in paragraph (1)(i) or (ii) of this definition, and those portions of ditches constructed in waters identified in paragraph (1)(iv) of this definition that do not satisfy the conditions of paragraph (3)(i) of this definition;
(vi) Prior converted cropland;
(vii) Artificially irrigated areas, including fields flooded for agricultural production, that would revert to upland should application of irrigation water to that area cease;
(viii) Artificial lakes and ponds, including water storage reservoirs and farm, irrigation, stock watering, and log cleaning ponds, constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters, so long as those artificial lakes and ponds are not impoundments of jurisdictional waters that meet the conditions of paragraph (3)(vi) of this definition;
(ix) Water-filled depressions constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters incidental to mining or construction activity, and pits excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters for the purpose of obtaining fill, sand, or gravel;
(x) Stormwater control features constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters to convey, treat, infiltrate, or store stormwater run-off;
(xi) Groundwater recharge, water reuse, and wastewater recycling structures, including detention, retention, and infiltration basins and ponds, constructed or excavated in upland or in non-jurisdictional waters; and
(xii) Waste treatment systems.
(3) Definitions. In this section, the following definitions apply:
(i) Adjacent wetlands. The term adjacent wetlands means wetlands that:
(A) Abut, meaning to touch at least at one point or side of, a water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition;
(B) Are inundated by flooding from a water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition in a typical year;
(C) Are physically separated from a water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition only by a natural berm, bank, dune, or similar natural feature; or
(D) Are physically separated from a water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition only by an artificial dike, barrier, or similar artificial structure so long as that structure allows for a direct hydrologic surface connection between the wetlands and the water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition in a typical year, such as through a culvert, flood or tide gate, pump, or similar artificial feature. An adjacent wetland is jurisdictional in its entirety when a road or similar artificial structure divides the wetland, as long as the structure allows for a direct hydrologic surface connection through or over that structure in a typical year.
(ii) Ditch. The term ditch means a constructed or excavated channel used to convey water.
(iii) Ephemeral. The term ephemeral means surface water flowing or pooling only in direct response to precipitation (e.g., rain or snow fall).
(iv) High tide line. The term high tide line means the line of intersection of the land with the water's surface at the maximum height reached by a rising tide. The high tide line may be determined, in the absence of actual data, by a line of oil or scum along shore objects, a more or less continuous deposit of fine shell or debris on the foreshore or berm, other physical markings or characteristics, vegetation lines, tidal gages, or other suitable means that delineate the general height reached by a rising tide. The line encompasses spring high tides and other high tides that occur with periodic frequency but does not include storm surges in which there is a departure from the normal or predicted reach of the tide due to the piling up of water against a coast by strong winds, such as those accompanying a hurricane or other intense storm.
(v) Intermittent. The term intermittent means surface water flowing continuously during certain times of the year and more than in direct response to precipitation (e.g., seasonally when the groundwater table is elevated or when snowpack melts).
(vi) Lakes and ponds, and impoundments of jurisdictional waters. The term lakes and ponds, and impoundments of jurisdictional waters means standing bodies of open water that contribute surface water flow to a water identified in paragraph (1)(i) of this definition in a typical year either directly or through one or more waters identified in paragraph (1)(ii), (iii), or (iv) of this definition. A lake, pond, or impoundment of a jurisdictional water does not lose its jurisdictional status if it contributes surface water flow to a downstream jurisdictional water in a typical year through a channelized non-jurisdictional surface water feature, through a culvert, dike, spillway, or similar artificial feature, or through a debris pile, boulder field, or similar natural feature. A lake or pond, or impoundment of a jurisdictional water is also jurisdictional if it is inundated by flooding from a water identified in paragraph (1)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this definition in a typical year.
(vii) Ordinary high water mark. The term ordinary high water mark means that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas.
(viii) Perennial. The term perennial means surface water flowing continuously year-round.
(ix) Prior converted cropland. The term prior converted cropland means any area that, prior to December 23, 1985, was drained or otherwise manipulated for the purpose, or having the effect, of making production of an agricultural product possible. EPA and the Corps will recognize designations of prior converted cropland made by the Secretary of Agriculture. An area is no longer considered prior converted cropland for purposes of the Clean Water Act when the area is abandoned and has reverted to wetlands, as defined in paragraph (3)(xvi) of this definition. Abandonment occurs when prior converted cropland is not used for, or in support of, agricultural purposes at least once in the immediately preceding five years. For the purposes of the Clean Water Act, the EPA Administrator shall have the final authority to determine whether prior converted cropland has been abandoned.
(x) Snowpack. The term snowpack means layers of snow that accumulate over extended periods of time in certain geographic regions or at high elevation (e.g., in northern climes or mountainous regions).
(xi) Tidal waters and waters subject to the ebb and flow of the tide. The terms tidal waters and waters subject to the ebb and flow of the tide mean those waters that rise and fall in a predictable and measurable rhythm or cycle due to the gravitational pulls of the moon and sun. Tidal waters and waters subject to the ebb and flow of the tide end where the rise and fall of the water surface can no longer be practically measured in a predictable rhythm due to masking by hydrologic, wind, or other effects.
(xii) Tributary. The term tributary means a river, stream, or similar naturally occurring surface water channel that contributes surface water flow to a water identified in paragraph (1)(i) of this definition in a typical year either directly or through one or more waters identified in paragraph (1)(ii), (iii), or (iv) of this definition. A tributary must be perennial or intermittent in a typical year. The alteration or relocation of a tributary does not modify its jurisdictional status as long as it continues to satisfy the flow conditions of this definition. A tributary does not lose its jurisdictional status if it contributes surface water flow to a downstream jurisdictional water in a typical year through a channelized non-jurisdictional surface water feature, through a subterranean river, through a culvert, dam, tunnel, or similar artificial feature, or through a debris pile, boulder field, or similar natural feature. The term tributary includes a ditch that either relocates a tributary, is constructed in a tributary, or is constructed in an adjacent wetland as long as the ditch satisfies the flow conditions of this definition.
(xiii) Typical year. The term typical year means when precipitation and other climatic variables are within the normal periodic range (e.g., seasonally, annually) for the geographic area of the applicable aquatic resource based on a rolling thirty-year period.
(xiv) Upland. The term upland means any land area that under normal circumstances does not satisfy all three wetland factors (i.e., hydrology, hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils) identified in paragraph (3)(xvi) of this definition, and does not lie below the ordinary high water mark or the high tide line of a jurisdictional water.
(xv) Waste treatment system. The term waste treatment system includes all components, including lagoons and treatment ponds (such as settling or cooling ponds), designed to either convey or retain, concentrate, settle, reduce, or remove pollutants, either actively or passively, from wastewater prior to discharge (or eliminating any such discharge).
(xvi) Wetlands. The term wetlands means areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.


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Back to Back Issues Page
#48 Ring of Fire Kids Science Newsletter
Tiny Triceratops Dinosaur Discovered
Our Kids Science Newsletter this month includes news about a tiny triceratops dinosaur, record snow in Boston, #1 record cold in 1899, honey bees busy making honey need 4000 flowers and a fun "Cookie Dig" kids science activity.
How hot is lightning?
(answer follows the simple science experiment)
Science Current Events
Snow this 2014-15 winter season in Boston is tied in the number two spot on February 20th. The snowfall is the greatest on record in 123 years. Some people living in Boston are having fun with the 8 feet of snow and snowdrifts up to 10 feet by jumping out of windows into the snow and walking away. As of February 20th they have officially 95.7 inches and only 12 inches short of a record.
Greatest Cold Outbreak Occurred in February 1899
Even though cold has dominated the weather news these past two months the greatest cold outbreak in U.S. history occurred in the first two weeks of February 1899. At the time there were only 45 states and everyone of them dipped below zero during those two weeks. The coldest weather was just before Valentine's Day that year. All time records were set in a dozen states and many still stands today. Record cold in Camp Clarke, Nebraska (-47), Milligan, Ohio (-39) and Minden, Louisiana (-16) have not been broken since that winter.
North America's First Horned Dinosaur
The skull of a tiny dinosaur recently named Aquilpos was discovered in 1997 by Scott Madsen when he saw teeth sticking out of a rock in Montana. Today after comparing the bunny size dinosaur to other dinosaurs that lived in other parts of the world scientists determined it was a new species of dinosaur. It is related to horned dinosaurs that include Triceratops. Scientists named the new dinosaur Aquilpos, which means American eagle face because it has a hooked beak unlike other horned dinosaurs. It is tiny and probably fully grown Aquilpos were only about .6 meter (2 feet) long and weighed about 1.6 kilograms (3.5 pounds). It is believed they used their beaks to break off the ends of twigs to eat.
Hungry Piranhas Attack Swimmers
During the holidays in December piranhas broke through a net and attacked about 60 swimmers on vacation in Argentina. This past month 23 people were injured on a beach in Garupa, located on the Parana River. The fish usually attack the feet and hands of swimmers. People believe the fish are hungry right now because of the hot weather and lower number of caiman in the rivers. Caiman are a type of alligator that lives in South America. The attacks on people peaks in the dry season when there is less food and the water levels are lower.
The warm Gulf Stream, one of the strongest currents, flows east across the tropical Atlantic at 111 miles (178km) a day. It then turns north and divides, taking mild weather to Europe. In January, New York can be cold at 31 degrees Fahrenheit (-1 degree Celcius). Lisbon, Portugal which is 100 miles (160 km) further south is a mild 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celcius).
A bee must visit 4,000 flowers in order to make one tablespoon of honey.
Scandinavia is a region of northern Europe with a shared geography and history. The countries of Scandinavia are Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. Iceland is an island in the Atlantic Ocean. The Scandinavian countries are famed for their landscapes. Norway has fjords, Sweden has beautiful lakes, Finland has many forests, Denmark has great fishing ports, and Iceland has hot springs and many volcanoes.
A jellyfish can be as small as a thimble or as large as two washing machines.
Simple Science Activity
Cookie Dig
In this activity you will be concerned with mining the ore with the least environmental impact. That means you want to mine as many chocolate chips as possible with the least amount of disturbance to the cookie.
Chocolate chip cookie
Clock (if possible with a second hand)
Place a cookie on a paper towel.
Draw a circle around the cookie.
This will be the place where all the waste from your mining operation must be returned.
Place one toothpick and one paper clip beside the cookie.
Your job as a miner is to recover as much ore from your mine as possible with the least damage to the environment.
You will be given 10 minutes to mine your cookie for the ore. The ore is the chocolate chips in your cookie.
If you break a toothpick you will have to stop working with it because the "tool" is broken and must be repaired before using it at the mining site again.
Each unbroken chocolate chip is worth $1.00.
Each chocolate chip that is broken and over half of the chip has been recovered is worth $0.25.
You must reclaim the land by returning all the waste to the cookie area which is the circle you drew around the cookie at the beginning of the activity.
The waste is broken pieces of cookie and chocolate chips that can be piled on the cookie after you are finished.
Extending the activity
Find out if your cookie dig made or lost money. Decide the cost for your tools, time, etc. Then decide after your cookie dig how much money you made or lost.
Answer to the question of the month
Lightning is hotter than the surface of the Sun. A bolt of lightning is approximately 54,000 degrees Fahrenheit. A single bolt of lightning has 30 million volts of electricity as it flashes across the sky. This is enough electricity to power New York City. If you are caught in a thunderstorm take shelter. One of the safest places to take shelter is in a car with the windows rolled up. Never try to outrun lightning because a lightning bolt travels at 60,000 miles per second.
Links to our back issues of Kids Science Newsletter
Ring of Fire Science
The-Science-Site
Kids-Earth-Science
Please share this newsletter with a friend by forwarding it to them. If you know of a group who might enjoy the newsletter please let them know about it also.
Comments? Ideas? Feedback? I'd love to hear from you. Just reply to this Just For Kids Science Newsletter and tell me what you think!
Myrna Martin


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Dung loaming: how llamas aided the Inca empire
Inca culture spread from Andes after manure from llama herds provided fertiliser for corn crops at high altitude
Rory Carroll, Latin America correspondent
@rorycarroll72
Sun 22 May 2011 10.10 EDT First published on Sun 22 May 2011 10.10 EDT
Research shows that Incas built citadels such as Machu Picchu after the earlier achievement of agriculture at high altitudes through the use of llama dung. Photograph: Pilar Olivares/Reuters
The Incas may have created the biggest empire in the Americas and built Machu Picchu, among other wonders, thanks to a previously overlooked ingredient: llama dung.
Manure from llama herds provided fertiliser which enabled corn to be cultivated at very high altitudes, allowing the Inca civilisation to flourish in the Andes and conquer much of South America, according to research.
The "extraordinary plant-breeding event" about 2,700 years ago transformed the region's political economy and enabled the Incas to emerge centuries later, said Alex Chepstow-Lusty, of the French Institute of Andean Studies in Lima.
"This widespread shift to agriculture and societal development was only possible with an extra ingredient – organic fertilisers on a vast scale." The study, published in the latest edition of the journal Antiquity, found corn pollen in the mud of Marcacocha lake, near Ollantayambo, showing the cereal could be grown at least 3,350m above sea level.
"From 2,700 years ago, we can see the beginnings of agriculture in the first appearance of formal field systems, the introduction of maize [corn], and weeding as common practice," said Chepstow-Lusty, a British palaeo-ecologist.
The breakthrough reduced dependence on quinoa, a grain-like plant similar to spinach, and boosted calorie intake, leading to a decline in the growth and consumption of wild quinoa "and the origins of the Inca empire".
Corn was introduced to South America from Mexico about 5,000 years ago but did not scale the Andes until humans enriched the soil with help from llama herds.
"They defecate communally so it is easily gathered," said Chepstow-Lusty.
He made the discovery by studying the lake mud's abundant mites, which eat animal dung.
Climate change, in the form of warmer temperatures, also helped Inca society to evolve by making it easier to cultivate corn at high altitudes.
The Incas also used llama manure as fuel to cook and make ceramics. Garcilaso de la Vega, an early Spanish chronicler, noted that farmers in the Cuzco valley also used human manure to fertilise crops.
In the 12th century, the Incas were just one of several tribes in what is today Peru; by the 15th century, they boasted an empire encompassing parts of modern-day Argentina, Boliva, Chile and Ecuador. The glory ended when Spanish conquistadores defeated the Incas and killed the emperor, Atahualpa, in 1533.
The citadel of Machu Picchu was abandoned and largely unknown to the outside world until an American explorer, Hiram Bingham, "rediscovered" it in July 1911. The anniversary is expected to boost the already large numbers of tourists who visit the site.


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LEGAL REFORM THROUGH
TRANSFORMING THE DISCIPLINE OF LAW INTO A SCIENCE
WHAT THIS SITE IS ABOUT
This site takes the position that most of the present problems of the legal system stem from the refusal of the legal system to convert to a science in the nineteenth century, as science came to be understood in the 19th century.
For, at a time when other existing disciplines such as medicine and education made this conversion and many new disciplines such as psychology, sociology and anthropology were styled as sciences at the outset, the discipline of law refused to make the change; clinging to its age old dogma.
Thus, this site argues that law fits the mold of a science in every respect, and it must now lose no time in converting to a social science so that its age old static dysfunctional dogma can give way to open scientific inquiry into a new legal social science that can at last dynamically address human nature and keep pace with social change in all its varied forms.
To accomplish this analysis, this site analizes articles from a wide variety of sources, from Janet Reno and the ABA, to an anthropological analysis of an African tribal dispute resolution system. The material is oriented toward Florida but much of it applies to the U.S. in general.
You will also find no graphics in the site since it has been constructed at the Alachua County (Florida, USA) Library on the Alachua Freenet where the terminals have had no graphics capability.
I am just one of the many thousands across Florida and the Nation who have been abused by this corrupt and self serving legal system. This site is my contribution and hope for change. I hope you find it interesting and stimulating.
For a little further information about this site or me, have a look at my April, 1998, SPEECH at the University of Florida. --Bob Allston
This is a large site, containing about 100 Web pages with several hundred links among the pages although there is only one link that goes outside the site.
As an aid for those with slow operating links, this home page contains a table of contents that links quickly to information further down on this same home page. For some of these links there is no further information and thus there are no further links. However most links from the table of contents go to summary information accompanied by further links.
Thus, if you would like to look over summary information about what is in this site, you may simply scroll down this page; and where you want more detail, you may take the associated link. On the other hand, if you already know what information you want, you may take the table of contents link directly to the summary description further down on this same Web page taking its associated link.
SECTION I: STATING THE CASE
SECTION II: PROBLEMS WITH THE PRESENT SYSTEM
LEGALISTIC V. SCIENTIFIC VIEWS OF LAW
THE FLORIDA LEGAL SYSTEM: TELLING IT LIKE IT IS
SCAM BY THE ACADEMY OF FLORIDA TRIAL LAWYERS
FLORIDIANS LOCKED OUT OF ACCESS TO THE COURTS
WHY CAN'T LAW SCHOOLS TEACH ETHICS? --ABA
WHY CAN'T LAW SCHOOLS TEACH ETHICS? --FSU
LEGAL PROFESSION HAS HIGHEST INCIDENCE OF MENTAL PROBLEMS
LEGAL SYSTEM DISLIKED AND DISTRUSTED
A CASE STUDY: LAW, MORALITY AND STATE POWER
FLORIDA GOVERNMENT FOR SALE: ONLY LAWYERS NEED APPLY
LAWYERS MAKE BILLIONS AT EXPENSE OF SICK AND DYING SMOKERS
SECTION III: HOW LAW AS A SCIENCE ADDRESSES THE PROBLEMS
LAW AS A SCIENCE: TOWARD A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
SCIENCE EXPOSES THE ABSURDITY OF LEGALESE
PURGING LEGALESE FROM THE QUEEN'S ENGLISH
A CASE STUDY: UNDERSTANDING THE LEGAL PROCESS THROUGH SCIENCE
LEGAL REFORM-- WITH, AND WITHOUT, SCIENCE
SECTION IV: PUTTING IT TOGETHER
DESIGN AND FUNDING OF A NEW LEGAL SYSTEM
LESSONS OF HISTORY
COURTING DISASTER
A NOTE OF THANKS
SECTION I
STATING THE CASE
In Florida, the state of legal affairs is a disaster. 59% of the population has no access to the legal system. Only 12% of the people even like lawyers and only 5% of the public think the courts are doing a good job. Many other states have similar problems.
And the problems of the legal profession extend across the board to just about everything lawyers do. Just look at the multitude of proposals for legal reform on the web.
No other profession even comes close to these pathetic figures. We ponder, how could any profession possibly get so far out of whack?
A hundred or more years ago, many new disciplines were coming on line--psychology, sociology, anthropology, to name a few--all styled as sciences from the outset.
Economics (capitalism) was a bit older but still styled as a science from the outset.
Older disciplines, such as medicine and education, converted to sciences (as we now understand the term; which is quite different from our understanding of the term hundreds of years ago).
Religion didn't-- it isn't a science.
If you take the "science" (scientific method-- scientific studies, population surveys, statistical analysis, etc.) out of any of the above sciences, you will freeze them in time. Their knowledge bases will be all but frozen in time. They will no longer have the capacity to mold themselves to the phenomenon they study as it changes over time. As the phenomenon changes the tools to deal with it stay the same. Change that does come would be erratic and far less rational.
As time passed they would begin to lose relevance across the board. They would begin to die on the vine as fewer companies and people hired their graduates; eventually disappearing from the professional scene-- history.
One might expect the practitioners in such a profession to "dig in"; employing all manner of devious devices to hold on. Developing unintelligible arcane language to convince people they "know something". Endlessly petitioning government to give them privileged status. Putting other professions down to build themselves up in public esteem. Etc.
One might expect their practitioners to develop serious mental problems as well, being surrounded with professions increasingly more advanced and capable than they are; attempting constantly to compromise the reality with the fiction they are creating.
What then about law?
All roads lead to Rome. Law and religion go back to Roman times, having much in common. They share highly dogmatic institutionalized hierarchical cultures; very slow to change. Most religions consider that God does not change and therefore, understandably, that religion itself should be careful in accepting change.
Law itself has historical pretensions to God in such things as the divine right of kings reflected in the king's law. It is not surprising therefore that lawyers think (and are probably taught in law school) that their basic dogma and modus operandi is as immutable as if from God.
Indeed, in the past hundred years we have heard much about the divergence between science and religion but little about the divergence between science and law-- a far greater divergence-- with not only far less justification, but indeed no justification at all. For, we are not dealing with the immutability of God's law; but the earthy world, to say the least, of laws made by man-- legislators and judges-- to be exact.
Moreover, virtually anything you can tell me that the legal profession does, I'll find you a social scientist who knows how to do it better, and often far better, through established methods from one of the social sciences. However doing so would quite likely require transgressing what the legal profession considers immutable.
And therein lies the problem.
Law clearly fits the mold of a science as understood at the end of the 19th century (and now). In my travels around the University of Florida campus, I find the law faculty tied to the idea that it isn't a science. The sciences are open to the idea, and the philosophy department, from the standpoint of the philosophy of science, open to it.
The problem is that the legal profession itself has much to lose by converting to a science. For, in converting to a science it would have to accept the social, moral and personal responsibility of a science and equally importantly, it would have to change as the times changed. Or to put it a little more technically, it would have to change to meet the changing requirements of human nature and the human condition; a fundamental and most important capacity of any social science. That is not to say the sciences always get it right in trying to deal with change; but at least there is a bias in that direction that the present legal system clearly doesn't even have.
Thus the legal profession is frozen in time; a time hundreds of years ago--out of date and out of touch. Thus whenever the need for change becomes apparent, citizens are going to have to smash it over the head with a two by four and very likely fail anyway with no more impact than water off a duck's back-- up against its money, state power, influence and age old dogma.
And to resist changing to a science and scientific perspectives, law has an unbeatable asset, shared by no other discipline; a monopoly to do its job (settle disputes) backed by state power. Unlike any other profession, no matter how ridiculous or corrupt it gets, the legal profession doesn't have to worry about losing business; and moreover its got the full backing of unlimited state power to make sure no other profession gets its business. Moreover the more bloated, corrupt and antiquated the system is the more money, power and influence for lawyers.
So why change. Whenever the subject comes up, just cover yourself with specious arguments about the immutability of your way of doing things, perhaps cite the Magna Carta; then sit back and enjoy all that money you are bilking the suckers for with your corrupt bloated antiquated system.
I have found that most of the proposals commonly circulated for legal reform either come out of scientific perspectives or in the least are consistent with them. In other words, if law were a science, it would develop its own character as an independent social science seeded initially from the knowledge bases of many other disciplines.
For the most part we don't have to tell the economics profession the best way to run the economy, nor doctors the best way to treat the body; why should we have to tell the legal profession the best way to run the legal system? For, as a science the legal profession would have its finger on such problems through the normal methods of science such as population surveys and statistical analysis. As society changed it would have both the social obligation and the means of keeping pace with that change as all the sciences have; but neither one of which the present legal system recognizes.
To sum up, the legal profession views their system as having been designed long ago by God in such a manner that it could only be successfully operated by lawyers; whereas in point of fact it was designed long ago by lawyers in such a manner that it could only be successfully operated by God. And the evidence clearly suggests He's not interested.
A word about criminology. The science of criminology occupies a rather unique position in that it owes its existence to the fact that law refused to convert to a science and the need for science in this area was so compelling. However, criminology is sadly only half a science because it is a satellite of the legal profession and whenever its investigations might suggest changes in the legal profession, particularly those that might cost legal jobs, they will get the Magna Carta routine. Most of Florida's 67 counties are a major source of employment for law grads-- prosecutors, public defenders, etc.
In converting law into a science it is most probable that criminology would become an integral part of the legal system itself. For, in the criminal justice system, much of what is now done by lawyers and judges could be far better accomplished through the much more advanced knowledge and perspectives of the psychology and sociology professions, well represented in criminology. The present criminal justice system suffers greatly both from the antiquated modus operandi of the present legal system and a lack of integration with criminology and other more advanced sciences; most prisoners leaving jail far more anti-social and crime prone than when they arrive, just one of its many problems.
Transforming the discipline of law into a science involves far more than just waving a wand over it. It means a lot of work, many long overdue scientific studies; and in essence, developing a new profession and discipline from the ground up. But without question, by applying the vast store of knowledge accumulated over the twentieth century to the task, it has every promise of producing the greatest legal system the world has known; and by a wide margin.
There follows an examination of various problems of the present system, oriented toward Florida but common to many other states, followed by an analysis of law as a science in far greater detail, then some historical observations about how some important past new legal systems were developed and implemented. I hope you find it informative.
PROBLEMS WITH THE PRESENT SYSTEM
Based on a reform minded attorney's article, this sub-section explores the difference in ideology between legalistic and scientific perceptions of the nature of law.
LEGALISTIC V. SCIENTIFIC VIEWS OF LAW.
The Florida legal profession is the most corrupt and dysfunctional of all the professions taught at the University of Florida.
A scam by the Academy of Florida Trial Lawyers displays their disdain for their own ethical rules and the democratic process.
The Florida legal system and possibly that of other states has degenerated to the point where except for the rich the majority of Floridians are locked out of the courts and therefore without access to their constitutional and legal rights; and for this reason alone it is questionable whether Florida is still even a constitutional democracy.
FLORIDIANS LOCKED OUT OF ACCESS TO THE COURTS.
Teaching ethics to law students in the present legal system is water off a duck's back as admitted in this ABA sponsored article. And although it quotes numerous law professors, and raises numerous questions begging for scientific (psychological, sociological, etc.) analysis there is not a single such reference. Further proof, if such be needed, of the antiquated closed world and anti-science bias of the present legal profession. Are they afraid it might be established that ethics and morality are incompatible with the practice of law as it exists today; as this article more than suggests?
The previous section investigates the problem of teaching ethics from the ABA's point of view. This section discusses one Florida's principal law schools where law students learn a stock in trade of hypocrisy, sleaze, the good old boy system, intimidation, sexual harassment, more.
The present legal profession itself has the highest incidence of mental problems of all the major professions--which the profession is doing virtually nothing about except sweeping it under the rug. Further proof, if such be needed, of critically serious problems in the core design of this antiquated dysfunctional bit of social structure. And, from the standpoint of a client, even if you are among the lucky few who get their problems into court, it is likely you are paying $150/hr. for a lawyer with mental problems.
LEGAL PROFESSION HAS HIGHEST INCIDENCE OF MENTAL PROBLEMS.
According to a recent Florida court study, only 12 percent of Floridians in focus groups assembled to discuss court problems even liked lawyers and only 5 percent of the Florida population even think the courts are doing a good job; further proof, if such be needed, that the present legal system is being inflicted upon Floridians through brute state power rather than through any measure of popular support or respect from the citizenry.
In this section, I present an analysis of my own interaction with the legal system across a broad range of cases and issues: including a number of criminal actions, a declaratory judgment action, a petition for writ of mandamus, a number of Baker Acts, numerous acts of civil disobedience, numerous hunger strikes, the mental health profession, the press, law schools, county courts, circuit courts, courts of appeal, and more.
This broad range of interaction with the legal system provides probably as good as any obtainable glimpse into the true nature and character of the legal system across the board, and thus how it might be improved, cutting through the hype and deception.
A CASE STUDY: LAW, MORALITY AND STATE POWER.
This study, based on a series of newspaper articles about Florida's second largest county, analizes and compares the modus operandi of the Florida Bar to the modus operandi of organized crime.
And indeed, as these articles bring out, the Florida Bar has a deal that organized crime could only dream of. For although the Bar embraces the same methods of intimidation and reward, blatant billing fraud, buying and selling politicians, suppressing competition, obtaining favored treatment, openly flouting society's moral, ethical and business conventions, suppressing criticism of their criminal behavior, etc., that organized crime employs, they don't even have to worry about the law (or their own ethical rules), because-- they, with their cronies on the bench-- are the law.
The Rx here is to have a legal system in which (1), the laws are simplified and put into plain language (2), lawyers respect the laws (3), lawyers respect society's rules and conventions, (4), everyone, including lawyers, get equal treatment before the courts (5), lawyers are expected to do a day's work for a day's pay (like all the other professions must do), without (6), insisting on muscling themselves into everyone else's business for personal gain, as they do now. A science based legal system can do it.
This section discusses numerous documents and articles from the media explaining how lawyers representing the States and the Federal Government obtained billions in fees.
SECTION III
HOW LAW AS A SCIENCE ADDRESSES THE PROBLEMS
LAW AS SCIENCE: TOWARD A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The knowledge base to design, implement and operate a functional legal system capable of meeting the varied and complex requirements of human nature at the end of the 20th century has shifted over the past hundred years from the discipline of law (as now constituted) to the sciences. This is a largely theoretical exploration of the subject.
And while Floridians struggle to deal with this very dysfunctional and unpopular legal system characterized by its impossible legalese, a sound scientifically oriented survey by none other than a Florida law professor demonstrates that all of this legalese is entirely unnecessary; and thus any new legal system need not be so plagued.
The British bury legalese.
This multidisciplinary study, employing anthropology, principles of psychotherapy, and linguistics as a minimum, raises numerous questions about the conventional perspectives of the legal profession. Is statutory or case law needed? Are lawyers needed? Are juries needed? What is the function of a judge? More fundamentally it implicitly questions the conventional dogma of the nature of justice and equal justice that the legal profession saddles us with.
This study is 40 years old, and thus it may not be the latest in thinking with regard to the scientific disciplines it employs. However, by the questions it poses and answers it gives, this study demonstrates that these sciences are clearly far more relevant to the understanding of law, and the nature of a legal system in the contemporary world than anything the present legal profession could even think of, let alone pursue, for lack of training if nothing else.
Such studies of our courts and foreign courts would of course be commonplace in a science based legal system; comprising only one of the tools for molding the legal system to meet the requirements of human nature and the human condition. Indeed, this study implicitly answers the question: Is law science-- with a resounding affirmative.
This section contains three articles out of this Web site articulating scientific perspectives and methods for solving legal problems, and two articles addressing equally serious problems that do not articulate scientific perspectives and methods.
They are collected here to demonstrate the dramatic difference in outlook and problem solving abilities exhibited between them. For you will find the science based articles exhibit a focused "lets get on with it" perspective whereas the non-science based articles (addressing subjects equally amenable to scientific treatment) are less focused exhibiting a "Gee-- what ever can be done about this?", perspective.
The bottom line being that solving these and most of the legal system's other serious problems at the end of the 20th century can be done far more efficiently, and in many cases, only, through the advantage of employing the perspectives and tools of science.
SECTION IV
The design of a science based legal system requires a multi-disciplinary effort requiring the resources only available as a practical matter at universities. And because it requires a broad multi-disciplinary approach for such a contemporary system to take demonstrable form, the design must be carried out on a volunteer unfunded basis, if it is to be done at all, until it reaches the point where it can be shown to the public and legislature to be demonstrably superior to the existing system.
When such a point is reached funding can be requested out of currently scheduled projects that could be cut back or eliminated under the proposed system. For example, if the new system can demonstrate that all or part of the projected (indeed grotesque) build-up of 76,000 more Florida PRISON BEDS over the next ten years should be unnecessary the legislature should be willing to fund the project with some of the savings. Such an amount could be substantial; 76,000 beds is double the student population of the University of Florida and at $15,000/bed, we might be talking about something like an amount that could construct and operate two universities the size of the University of Florida which has a student population of around 40,000.
History suggests that once public and legislative support should be obtained, academic teams could work on statutes and other aspects such as a user friendly plain English computer legal data base, artificial intelligence tools, etc. to be handed over to the legislature for acceptance or re-working as the case might be on a piecemeal basis; and upon completion the entire system made operational on a particular day. This is the way, for instance, such major re-writes of legal systems such as the Code of Justinian of 533 a.d. for the Roman Empire and the code of Napoleon of 1804 for France (including as well parts of Italy and Germany) were done.
In our predominantly western culture, for hundreds of years our universities have been the keepers of the faith; nurturing, facilitating and preserving our culture. Thus it is only fitting that we call upon them to undertake this ultimate task; to preserve and continue our culture before this rogue legal system causes yet further and very possibly irreparable damage.
Indeed, when one considers the technical and intellectual difficulties overcome, the diverse cultures and languages that had to be administered to and numerous other difficulties overcome in these past legal systems, with today's knowledge (such as computer databases, knowledge of the human mind, human relations, linguistics, etc.) we should have every reasonable expectation of being able to create not just a passable legal system but the best one ever known to mankind; and by a substantial margin. That is-- if we can ever get the one we have off our backs. Admittedly, no small task.
NOTHING VENTURED nothing gained; but if nothing is ventured, on the next downturn in the business cycle it needs to be said that when all the present progressively developing problems are thereby aggravated and new ones appear, we could be flirting with disaster.
For as long as mainstream culture continues to lose population to the homeless, drug, and crime cultures on the one hand and paramilitary and militia groups on the other; all three groups mutually antagonistic one to another, the future will remain clouded. And a corrupt and dysfunctional legal system, civil and criminal, is central to this transfer out of the mainstream.
Now when economic times are relatively good and there is a lull in terrorist activity is the time to address turning the legal system around.
Last but not least, I would be remiss not to thank the staff at the Alachua County (Gainesville, Florida) Library for their always kind and professional assistance, the sponsors of the Alachua Freenet, public and private, for making the system available, and the many unsung dedicated technical people who keep it going and are constantly upgrading it. This is my first introduction to the Alachua Freenet or the WWW (which no doubt shows in my amateurish use of html) and I love it. It is surely one of the best examples of democracy and capitalism working together in the interests of free speech and the free interchange of ideas.
This is a forum for all interested in helping to build a consensus on what a contemporary functional legal system would look like. Your thoughts and contributions are invited. My e-mail address is: afn54735@afn.org


text:
Q: GA send event, returns undefined Innit GA
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
    _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-xxxxxxxxx-6']);
    _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

    (function () {
        var ga = document.createElement('script');
        ga.type = 'text/javascript';
        ga.async = true;
        ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
        var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
        s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
    })();

Track event
ga('send', {
              'hitType': 'event',
              'eventCategory': 'Customer',
              'eventAction': 'Registration',
              'eventLabel': 'Popup',
              'eventValue': 0.99
            });

But this allways return undefined, And I added the 'Registration' event (with that category, label and value) in conversions, at google analytics site,
Any idea why this could happen?
Of course it isn't tracked..

A: You are mixing old-style classic syntax (using the _gaq array) and Universal Analytics, so your ga object is not set up correctly (the tracker id from _gaq will not be used in the ga object and hence no tracker is created).
Your code should look something like this:
  (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
  (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
  m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
  })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

  ga('create', 'UA-XXXXXXXX-1', 'auto');
  ga('send', 'pageview');
ga('send', {
              'hitType': 'event',
              'eventCategory': 'Customer',
              'eventAction': 'Registration',
              'eventLabel': 'Popup',
              'eventValue': 1
            });

A: @Eike Pierstorff is actually right, but there is a thing:
Option №1
https://groups.google.com/g/google-analytics-analyticsjs/c/mayu2cf1d0k?pli=1 - Thanks to Brad Townsend.
To be sure, that everything works fine in the browser console (I tested only Google Chrome), use Google Analytics Debugger Plugin, then go to Console, you will start seeing things like that:
"Executing/Running Google Analytics commands."
Try to send an event:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXXXXX-Y', 'auto');
ga('send', {
              'hitType': 'event',
              'eventCategory': 'Test',
              'eventAction': 'Defined',
            });

For your every first event, you must write the first command:
ga('create', 'UA-XXXXXXXX-Y', 'auto');

Or it will log that target is undefined.
Option №2:
Also, if you are using GTM and just want to use "ga('send')" like old times, you need to specify in UA-tag Tracker Name to blank:
Go to GTM, find your UA-tag -> Advanced Configuration -> Set Tracker Name ("True") -> leave the field "Tracker Name" blank.


text:
A guadeloupe-i labdarúgó-válogatott – avagy becenevükön Gwada Boys – Franciaország tengeren túli területének, Guadeloupe-nak csapata, amelyet a Guadeloupe-i labdarúgó-szövetség () irányít. Mivel Guadeloupe Franciaország része, nem lehet a Nemzetközi Labdarúgó-szövetség tagja, így nem indulhat a labdarúgó-világbajnokság tornáin sem.

A CONCACAF-tag régió labdarúgó-válogatottja 2007-ben érte el legnagyobb sikerét, amikor egészen az elődöntőig meneteltek a CONCACAF-aranykupán.

Története

Nemzetközi eredmények
 CONCACAF-aranykupa
 Bronzérmes: 1 alkalommal (2007)

 Karibi kupa
 Bronzérmes: 1 alkalommal (1994)

CONCACAF-aranykupa-szereplés
 1991: Nem jutott be.
 1993: Nem jutott be.
 1996: Nem jutott be.
 1998: Nem indult.
 2000 – 2005: Nem jutott be.
 2007: Bronzérmes (megosztva)
 2009: Negyeddöntő.
 2011: Csoportkör.

Külső hivatkozások
 A Guadeloupe-i Labdarúgó-liga hivatalos oldala
 Guadeloupe a CONCACAF.com-on
 Guadeloupe mérkőzéseinek eredményei az rsssf.com-on
 Guadeloupe mérkőzéseinek eredményei az EloRatings.net-en
 Guadeloupe a national-football-teams.com-on
 Guadeloupe mérkőzéseinek eredményei a Roon BA-n
 Guadeloupe a weltussball.de-n
 Guadeloupe a fedefutbol.net-en

Referenciák

Észak-amerikai labdarúgó-válogatottak

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ЗШ-1 — бронезащитный шлем российского производства. Используется полицией России.

ЗШ-1 выпускается предприятием АО НПП «КлАСС» с середины 1990-ых годов.

Защитный шлем ЗШ-1 предназначен для защиты головы человека от пуль огнестрельного оружия и осколочного воздействия.

Шлем изготавливается из арамидных тканей. Шлем может комплектоваться со встроенной радио-гарнитурой для приема-передающей связи при работе с носимыми радиостанциями, а также с противоударным забралом. Забрало изготавливается из прозрачного поликарбоната.

Тактико-технические характеристики (ТТХ)
Шлем ЗШ-1 гарантированно обеспечивает защиту по классу БР1 (По классу защиты от стрелкового оружия) от:

 9-мм пуль патронов 57-Н-181С пистолета ПМ с расстояния 5 метров;
 7,62-мм пуль патронов 57-Н-122 револьвера системы Нагана с расстояния 5 метров;
 имитаторов осколков (стальных шариков массой 1,05 г, диаметром 6,3 мм) при скорости не более 500 м/с.

Шлем сохраняет свои защитные свойства при температуре -40°С до +50°С.

Военные каски России
Полиция России


text:
Topics: babe, cafferty, charlie brooker, comics curmudgeon, firefox, four tet, kemonozume, kris kristofferson, languages, mind game, music video, noaa, nsa, sl, unnovations, westin hotels
Music: Four Tet - Sleep, Eat Food, Have Visions
Mood: peaceful
If you're interested in learning a (human) language or two, the US Govt's Foreign Service Institute's courses for several languages are now online and in the public domain. ^_^
Try this for size: Unnovations, episode 3. (Should be PSP and iPod compatible, but I've not verified that) It's a spoof of home shopping channels, though with sharper - and darker - humor than you might expect. The first two segments, with the vacation and the luxury tinned food, are perhaps the best.
Running until Saturday, in Regent's Park: an open air production of Babe. ^_^
The cutest antenna connector ever.
Musical discovery of the week: Four Tet. Sort of similar to Bonobo, by way of Fatboy Slim and Boards of Canada. As an example, here are two sample tracks: High Fives from "Everything Ecstatic", and Glue of the World from "Live in Copenhagen".
Kris Kristofferson's "In the News" is a video worth seeing; be warned, it's not exactly uplifting.
As for anime, Welcome to the NHK continues reasonably well, though the pacing feels a little awkward. xxxHolic remains a top favorite, with the recent Demon Parade episode positively magical. On the new front, however, Kemonozume looks like it'll be one to follow, from the director of Mind Game. It opens with a brief introduction, wherein a man saves a woman from being sacrificed to the gods, only to find them both smitten with a curse as a result - they're turned into monsters driven by blood lust. Zoom forward to the present day, where their descendents have intermingled a good deal; in a café, one discusses with another his passion for devouring cute women. Nothing's shown - it's all as a calm conversation at their table.
Problem: people playing in fountains. Solution: signs proclaiming "high levels of hydrogen".
Not quite a Network moment, but still quite damning: Cafferty on CNN (Flash video) expounds on the extent to which a Federal judge ruled the NSA's warrantless surveillance to be illegal, on several grounds.
It seemed to me that austin_dern might enjoy the Comics Curmudgeon column, offering a daily take on those comics which exist outside of any continued justification.
Amusing - SL's seeing its first formal hotel open, courtesy of an RL hotel chain, owners of Sheraton and Westin, amongst others. Of more enlightening interest, however, was the word of NOAA's presence there. Though with the "griefer" problem apparently rising from "rare event" to "routine annoyance", it can only be hoped Linden Lab will actually take the matter seriously, lest they begin draining the world of its real inhabitants, not to mention financial supporters. If you're on there, what's been your experience of late?
If you want to live dangerously online, here's Firefox 3.0a1, codenamed Minefield. =:)
Star Trek and the Holy Grail.
And the icon is courtesy of bunny_soul's kind generosity. ^_^
It seems like there's quite a lot of options for vending, from simple single-item devices, through to full e-commerce setups that offload most of the processing to external servers. Not something I've really looked into much, given I don't currently have anything to sell, but that could easily change - I should maybe try offering my headphones, though they're fairly specifically designed for bunnies, like so:
Do you have any pics of yourself there? (I'm sometimes tempted to invite people to post pics of their RL selves, but then I think it wouldn't be at all fair to do so, given I can't abide being photographed, at least without fur)
And I'm really happy with the icon. ^_^ The artist's first version for themselves struck me as awfully cute, so when an open offer for them was issued, I had to try. ^_^
Author: jonesybunny
Well, I do have a picture of my avatar over at Furaffinity. I'm user jonesybunny there as well. If you log in, you'll see the more adult versions, but initially, it should show you the tame variant, the way I always look.
Hee! Double the fun. ^_^ How did that come about?
Raul Julia.. such a pity his swan song had to be what it was, but for me, he'll always be Gomez Addams. Brilliant casting - and with Anjelica Huston too, for that matter. Ah, that tango scene.. so beautifully choreographed, such smouldering passion! (Wow.. he was a bit over 50 in the Addams Family films? And still so hot..)
Yes, Gomez Addams, though as Mr. Bison he also put down a decent, and his last role. Still, Addams family was a very good movie. Both of them.
As for double the fun, Jonesy is a scientist, so she is able to make serums that can enchance her. Think Jekyll and Hyde, only in this case she doesn't get so cranky. ;)


South Africa is a country with a rich history and cultural. Visit the museums in Johannesburg to learn more about the many things that have occurred here. There are so many attractions and exhibitions that you can find something for everyone.


pnBlawg | Legal Advice Privilege and the professions.
I have a rather boring relationship with my accountant, I tell him how much money has come in and he tells me how much I have to give to the nice men at the Revenue; not for me the complex off-shore trust or some other interesting tax minimisation vehicle. As such I've never received (or asked for) advice relating to the legality of any particular tax avoidance scheme. If I did though, what would be the status of the legal advice received from an accountant about the legality or otherwise of any particular tax vehicle? Does such advice, legal in nature, fall under the protection of legal advice privilege (LAP)?
This question was considered earlier in the year by the Supreme Court in R ((Prudential plc. & Anor) v Special Commissioner of Income Tax and Anor  UKSC 1. The appellants, Prudential plc. had entered into a tax avoidance scheme that was notified to HMRC. The Revenue issued a section 20 notice under the Taxes Management Act 1970. In R (Morgan Grenfell & Co) v Special Commissioner of Income Tax  UKHK 21, it was held that a section 20 notice does not require a person to disclose documents to which LAP applies. In short, Prudential's position on appeal was that they did not have to disclose documents relating to legal advice they had received in relation to their tax position irrespective of whether that advice came from accountants or lawyers, the advice being covered by LAP. The Revenue, of course, disagreed arguing that any advice provided by accountants could not be covered. Given that accountants give as much, if not more, tax advice than lawyers the implication of the question are enormous.
However, despite "the powerful arguments advanced to the contrary … [the Court decided not to] extend LAP to communications in connection with advice given by professional people other than lawyers". It was felt that the consequences of extended LAP would lead to a clear and well-understood principle becoming unclear and uncertain: how for example should a court determine which professionals would be covered by LAP? Further, the majority felt that the question of whether an extension of LAP was justified raised questions of policy that should be left to Parliament.
I would be amazed if there was time in this Parliament for any debate about this issue, and so, for the time being at least LAP remains the sole preserve of lawyers, notwithstanding the powerful and principled arguments in favour of an extension. The decision was greeted by a general groan from accountants and other professionals who give legal advice and whose communication with clients remain disclosable to third parties.


Thank you Linden Grove School and The Children's Home of Cincinnati for sponsoring our Autism & ALL Yellow Pages © by purchasing a full page black & white advertisement in our printed hard copies of the 10th Edition of the Autism & ALL Special Needs Yellow Pages© handed out at the 10th Anniversary Autism & ALL Special Needs Expo on Saturday, May 7th, 2016 at the Sharonville Convention Center. Your sponsorship helped pay for the $3.50 a book printing cost that Families with ASD paid so that families, churches, and schools could receive the books for FREE. We appreciate your support.


* If called more than once, does nothing.
* @warning This function is not thread-safe.
* exactly which formats you want to support.
* allocated by the framework within it.
* Free an AVFormatContext and all its streams.
* sizeof(AVFormatContext) must not be used outside libav*.
* sizeof(AVIOContext) must not be used outside libav*.
* Pause or resume playback for network streaming protocols - e.g. MMS.
* Seek to a given timestamp in stream with the specified stream_index.
* A combination of AVIO_SEEKABLE_ flags or 0 when the stream is not seekable.
* The buffer must be allocated with av_malloc() and friends.
* For protocols with fixed blocksize it should be set to this blocksize.
* For others a typical size is a cache page, e.g. 4kb.
* @param read_packet A function for refilling the buffer, may be NULL.
* header (if present) is read.
* @param ic_ptr The opened media file handle is put here.
* @param fmt If non-NULL, force the file format to use.
* @deprecated use avformat_open_input instead.
* Close a media file (but not its codecs).
* examined packets may be buffered for later processing.
* we do not waste time getting stuff the user does not need.
* Find a registered decoder with a matching codec ID.
* @return A decoder if one was found, NULL otherwise.
* Find a registered decoder with the specified name.
* Find a registered encoder with a matching codec ID.
* @return An encoder if one was found, NULL otherwise.
* Find a registered encoder with the specified name.
* function the context has to be allocated.
* @warning This function is not thread safe!
* @param avctx The context which will be set up to use the given codec.
* @param codec The codec to use within the context.
// 可以通过 const char *short_name 获取,如"mpeg"
// 也可以通过 const char *filename 获取,如"E:\a.mp4"
* Add a new stream to a media file.
* can be added in read_packet too.
* @deprecated Deprecated in favor of av_dump_format().
* @deprecated pass the options to avformat_write_header directly.
* Initialize optional fields of a packet with default values.
* Return the next frame of a stream.
* information possible for decoding.
* then it contains one frame.
* Decode the video frame of size avpkt->size from avpkt->data into picture.
* @note You might have to align the input buffer avpkt->data.
* it will work but it will have an impact on performance.
* In practice, avpkt->data should have 4 byte alignment at minimum.
* fed with avpkt->data=NULL, avpkt->size=0 at the end to return the remaining frames.
* @param[out] picture The AVFrame in which the decoded video frame will be stored.
* allocate memory for the actual bitmap.
* with default get/release_buffer(), the decoder frees/reuses the bitmap as it sees fit.
* the user app can at this point free/reuse/keep the memory as it sees fit.
* @param[in] avpkt The input AVpacket containing the input buffer.
* @param[in,out] got_picture_ptr Zero if no frame could be decompressed, otherwise, it is nonzero.
* used or zero if no frame could be decompressed.
* Decode the audio frame of size avpkt->size from avpkt->data into samples.
* the remaining data in order to decode the second frame etc.
* decompressed frame size in bytes.
* (AltiVec and SSE do).
* data and size, some decoders might in addition need other fields.
* All decoders are designed to use the least fields possible though.
* used or zero if no frame data was decompressed (used) from the input AVPacket.


text:
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We have made a lot of improvements to our Journal section pages. Please send your feedback to editor@DiscoverNikkei.org!
http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2021/11/15/hiroyuki-matsugen-matsumoto/
Hiroyuki Matsugen Matsumoto — Preserving the stories of Nikkei in Hawaii
By Esther Newman / 15 Nov 2021
Movie producer Hiroyuki Matsugen Matsumoto's 2021 documentary, Okagesama de - Hawaii Nikkei Women's Trajectory is his latest effort to preserve and tell the stories of Japanese immigrants in Hawaii. This follows Go for Broke! Memories of Hawaii Japanese Nisei which was completed in 2012. These two films describe the journey of Japanese immigrants from hardship and triumph to their lasting influence on Hawaiian and American culture.
Interviewed via email, Matsumoto wrote that he was born in Miyazaki Prefecture in 1964 and raised in Gifu Prefecture, where he worked as a copywriter, TV commercial planner, and video producer for an advertising company until 2008. A personal incident, however, directed his focus toward Hawaii.
Producer Hiroyuki Matsugen Matsumoto
Matsumoto wrote:
It's very difficult to explain how I got started making documentaries. It is a long story.
I had a friend in Kumamoto prefecture who was a calligrapher. He died of cancer at the end of 2007. Three months before he passed away, he told me his dream that he wanted to introduce his works in Maui. I made plans to go to Maui for the first time three days after this call. So I created a profile of my friend and made an appointment with the Kumamoto Kenjinkai in Maui where I met the organization's president and her husband. They were Nisei and when I explained my friend's dream, they said, "If your friend has a solo exhibition, we will be happy to help."
The president of the Maui Kumamoto Kenjinkai was also involved in the establishment of the Nisei Veterans Memorial Center and the Kansha Preschool, also located on Maui. Matsumoto wrote, "I thought it would be a good idea to support Kansha Preschool from Japan to show my gratitude for their support at my friend's exhibition and to build a lasting friendship."
To encourage support of the preschool, Matsumoto believed it was important to familiarize Japanese people with the history of Nisei in Hawaii. In order to do that, he produced Go for Broke! Memories of Hawaii Japanese Nisei which premiered in 2012 at the Maui Film Festival. This film detailed the World War II heroism of the Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion and the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Matsumoto wrote, "After producing Go for Broke!, I continued to interact with the Nisei veterans. In the process, I got to know Nisei women as well. And when I casually listened to their stories about the past, I learned that many of them had gone through the same hardships as the Issei." Matsumoto asked, "Don't we also need a film that preserves women's history and gambari (effort)?"
Matsumoto and Yoshiaki Fujitani, a Nisei Military Intelligence Service veteran and a Bishop of Honpa Hongwanji in Hawai'i.
Beginning with the history of the Gannenmono—the 150 "first year people" who immigrated to Hawaii in 1868, of which only 5 were women—Okagesama de aims the spotlight on the female descendants of these early Japanese pioneers. Matsumoto began the project by researching the literature on this subject.
"I searched for testimonies on themes such as 'immigration,' 'Nisei living conditions,' 'women during World War II,' 'social advancement,' 'politics,' and 'culture.' The 100th Battalion Veteran's Club and the Nisei Veterans Memorial Center Maui helped me with this."
Spurred by the needs of Hawaii's sugar plantations, thousands of workers and "picture brides" arrived. Numbering more than 157,000 by 1926, the Issei and Nisei comprised more than 30 percent of Hawaii's population. In the 1950s, Hawaii's coffee plantations recruited another wave of Japanese workers.
Matsumoto interviewed Nisei and Sansei descendants who remembered, first hand, the struggles and hard work of their Issei families. Within the framework of highlighting women's stories, the interviewees included a daughter of sugar plantation workers who became a historian, another who learned and carried on the tradition of Hawaiian quilting, the daughter of detainees at Honouliuli Internment Camp, the daughter of a female Shinto priest, a high school principal, a volunteer at a senior care home, and a museum consultant and historian for Honolulu's Bishop Museum.
An interview with Barbara Kawakami, a daughter of of sugar plantation workers who became a historian, at her house in April 2018.
Matsumoto also included an interview of former governor of Hawaii, Neil Abercrombie, who discussed the significance of the late U.S. Congresswoman Patsy Mink's role in passing Title IX in 1972 which codifies equal opportunities in education for women and men, an historic achievement that Americans take for granted today.
Though no longer the largest ethnic group in Hawaii, the descendants of the Gannenmono continue to have an outsized influence on the community and culture of Hawaii. A common thread weaving through the interviews was the role of mothers in passing along Japanese culture and values, such as the importance of education, a respect for elders, the value of hard work and community engagement. Like the custom of taking off shoes before entering a home or whenever store clerks use both hands to hand customers a receipt out of respect, Hawaii continues to practice lessons taught by the earliest Japanese arrivals. By featuring women's stories, Matsumoto's Okagesama de - Hawaii Nikkei Women's Trajectory makes a solid contribution to an often overlooked history.
In the future, Matsumoto plans to tell more immigrant stories of Sansei and subsequent generations. In conclusion, he wrote, "Japanese Americans and Japanese people have the same roots and the same blood. But the Japanese people don't know about the Nikkei. I think it's a 'Haji (shame).' Furthermore, Japanese people have benefited greatly from Nikkei people. To thank them for that, we Japanese people have to know about Nikkei first. That's why I'm going to tell people about Nikkei."
Okagesama de - Hawaii Nikkei Women's Trajectory is currently available for viewing until November 28, 2021 through the Hawaii International Film Festival. Future screenings to be announced at Facebook @okagesamademovie.
*All images are courtesy of Hiroyuki Matsugen Matsumoto.
© 2021 Esther Newman
documentary Film Go for Broke! Hawaii Hiroyuki Matsugen Matsumoto Nisei Okagesama de
Esther Newman
esnewman
Esther Newman grew up in California. After college and a career in marketing and media production for Ohio's Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, she returned to school to study twentieth century American history. While in graduate school, she became interested in her family's history which led to research on topics affecting the Japanese Diaspora including internment, migration and assimilation. She is retired but her interest in writing about and supporting organizations related to these subjects continues.
Artistry in Armor: An Interview with Darin S. Furukawa, Artist, Educator, and Samurai Arts Specialist
Paying Culture Forward: Passing on the Traditions of Japanese Art Swords
My Grandfather's Lasting Legacy: A New Chapter for Museo Amano and the Nikkei Community in Lima, Peru
* Discover Nikkei is a project of the Japanese American National Museum, made possible through the generous support of The Nippon Foundation
en ja es
About My Father, Yoshitaro Amano – Memories from the eldest daughter, Hamako - Part 1 of 4
en ja es pt
Nikkei Chronicles #4—Nikkei Family: Memories, Traditions, and Values
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text:
December 14, 2022 Breaking News
"A film festival needs to be ethical and impartial, and that is exactly what Bollywood International Film Festival strives to be," said Bollywood International Film Festival (BIFF) founder-chairperson Pratibha Sharma and actor-director Yashpal Sharma at the media meet of the film festival.
Of the 200 plus entries received by the Bollywood International Film Festival, the best were chosen by an eminent team of international filmmakers. The select films from the chosen ones will be on view for audiences at Carnival Cinemas Mumbai from December 17-18.
The festival will also showcase a special screening of Yashpal Sharma's Dada Lakhmi, the Haryanvi film that has won more than 68 awards globally and has been running to packed houses for over six weeks.
While the eminent jury comprises of Ashok Rane, Amit Rai, Sandeep Sharma, French actress Marine Borbo and Tauqeer Ahmed from Bangladesh, the BIFF members Monika Davar, Minaxi Singh, Dalbir Singh, Sameer Chowdhary, Tabassum Jahan, Alpana Suhasini, Sunil Bainiwal, Vishal Sharma and Tapan Patani were present along with Dr Anusha Srinivasan Iyer.
"Our aim is to introduce people to quality cinema, whether it be feature film, short film, mobile film or a documentary." Films from the US, Afghanistan, Iran and many European countries will be a part of this festival that also boasts of masterclasses for industry aspirants.
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