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The Richest Terror Organizations in the World
Forbes International Contributor
Stories, news and opinions from around the world
Itai Zehorai
Mr. Zehorai is a business and economics journalist with Forbes Israel
This article appeared in Forbes Israel
2017 has turned out to be an especially bloody year. Over the course of the year, eight huge terror attacks were executed, each with more than a 100 fatalities. Six of the eight deadliest attacks claimed the lives of nearly 1,500 people this year in Syria, Libya, Afghanistan, Egypt and Somalia – planned, financed and carried out by the Taliban, ISIS or Al-Qaeda. According to the Global Terrorism Database of the University of Maryland, in 2016, these organizations were responsible for approximately 70% of the world's terror victims.
It is no coincidence that the deadliest terror organizations in the world are also the wealthiest. "There is a clear connection between the two factors," agrees Maj.-Gen. (Res.) Amos Gilad, chairperson of the Institute for Policy and Strategy and former director of the Defense Ministry's Political-Military Affairs Bureau, in an interview for Forbes Israel. "The financial component of terror organizations is critical, and its indispensability for terror attacks is like fuel for the car," he adds.
As such, financial means are an essential necessity for terrorist organizations. But means of fundraising are inherently limited and are conducted primarily through underground channels, outside of and above the law in the global shadow economy. In many cases, the nature of fundraising activity is remarkably similar to that of criminal organizations – dealing in drugs, weapons, tobacco or humans, through bank robbery or collecting money in the name of "protection" and even kidnapping for ransom.
Alongside the clearly criminal activity, there is also open activity in which enormous sums of money change hands among funding bodies and terror organizations. This fundraising involves associations, charitable organizations, companies in business, finance bodies, wealthy businessmen – and as it would seem in recent years – governments and states of means.
"Behind every successful terrorist organization stands a financial system and in many cases, it's a country," declared the head of IDF Intelligence, Major General Herzi Halevi. "In our region, Iran is the primary funder of terror organizations." And, indeed, in a comparison of the estimated income of the richest terror groups that we conducted three years ago, one of the salient trends emerging from the findings is the significant strengthening of those terror organizations supported by assisting countries (Hizballah, Hamas, the Islamic Jihad) and the weakening of those that depend on independent sources (ISIS, Boko Haram).
Iran, one of the four countries defined by the US State Department as a terrorist country (along with Sudan, Syria and the newcomer North-Korea), is the main sponsor and force behind many terrorist organizations. Its centrality in the balancing of economic (and militant) forces of terror organizations in the Middle East has become critical as compared to previous years, and its importance in terror groups' internal systems of considerations has become crucial.
All of this is possible on account of Iran's being rescued from the financial quicksand in which it was sinking until not long ago. "The signing of the nuclear agreement and lifting of the sanctions was the removal of the rope around the Iranians' neck," asserted Major General (Res.) Amos Gilad. "It actually saved them from economic strangulation."
Using Bitcoin to Avoid Risks
The involvement of other countries in the region, particularly those of the Persian Gulf, played a central role in the terror arena in recent years. Those countries constitute an important pillar in the financing of terror in the region, whether indirectly, by turning a blind eye to financial transgressions of private entities in the country, or by paying ransom for the release of abducted citizens.
Sometimes, as happened recently, the funding streams intersect – and the boundaries between aid money that flows to terror organizations from particular countries and ransom payments are blurred almost entirely. As part of the condition of the ransom transaction for the release of 26 members of the Qatari royal family who were abducted in Iraq by a local Shiite militia, supported by Iran, Qatar was "forced" to pay an imaginary ransom which, according to an exposé by the Financial Times was around a billion dollars. The unprecedented payment that financed some of the deadliest terror organizations in Syria and Iraq (and Iran itself), was seen by many as direct support of terror by the provocative princedom of oil and led to the famous boycott imposed by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain.
And in addition to "traditional" means of funding, terrorist organizations are always perfecting their ways of raising and transferring capital from a variety of funding sources, through use of any technological means at their disposal. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that the FBI had exposed an international network run by ISIS that used fake eBay and PayPal accounts to transfer funds to operatives in the US. For some time now Google and Youtube have become the preferred platform of terror organizations for sharing propaganda videos which, thanks to their popularity, has granted them not just exposure and penetration into new audiences, but also generous royalties from advertisers. Sometimes the terrorist groups use the most advanced methods, such as the money transfer system built by IS that uses cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin in order to avoid traditional bank transfers and accompanying risk.
The rapid growth in recent years of trade in virtual currencies, which uses an alternative global financial system and is characterized by user anonymity, grants terror factions many new and secure possibilities for raising, laundering and transferring money – as proven by the arrest of the 27 year-old Long Island woman, who has been accused of stealing and laundering more than $85,000, using Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, to support ISIS.
"Things have changed considerably in our century", argues Joseph Fitsanakis PhD., a global expert in intelligence and national security from Coastal Carolina University. "It can be argued that the rise in the value of many cryptocurrencies generates income for terrorist organizations— but more a method of circulating currency and providing services that generate funds. With the use of cryptocurrencies and the so-called Darknet, terrorist organizations are now able to engage in creative means of generating cash. They include the sale of pirated music, movies, and video-games, counterfeit products, including clothing, electronics, pharmaceutical products and even counterfeit tickets to high-profile sports events and music concerts. Those who buy those products often pay for them using cryptocurrencies, primarily through the Darknet".
Children hold portraits of Hezbollah chief Hasan Nasrallah (C) and Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in the southern Lebanese city of Nabatieh on October 4, 2017. / Mahmout Zayyat/AFP/Getty
The Top 10 List
Here is a list of some of the world's wealthiest – and most dangerous – terrorist organizations and how they make their money. The list was created based on interviews with security experts and counter-terror specialists, as well as reports and analysis from international NGOs, academic and government organizations, and think-tanks. It brings to light estimated numbers behind the top ten wealthiest terrorist organizations from the State Department list of Designated Foreign Terrorist organizations.
We put together the first ranking three years ago., and the material accrued since then has enabled us to create a reliable and qualitative update of income estimates of terror organizations. But apart from examining the financial means at the disposal of today's terror groups and the ways in which each organization finances its operations, the current research allows a behind-the-scenes glimpse into the way in which these organizations operate: what trends characterize the activities of terror groups, how the map of their interests has changed, who are the financiers behind them and how has the balance of power in the global terror arena changed in recent years.
#1 Hizballah
Total annual Income – $1.1 billion
Other than the Iranian Government, there is no doubt who is the primary beneficiary of the nuclear agreement. Within a few years, Hizballah's budget jumped significantly with the government expenditure out of Tehran, and if in the past they received about $200 million per year, today the Iranian funding of the Lebanese terror group, according to estimates by the security establishment, is evaluated at more than $800 million dollars annually.
But despite the large sums of money flowing from Tehran, the extremist Shiite organization did not always enjoy such wide financial support and there were times in the not-too-distant past in which, as a result of urgent liquidity problems, they made do with just hundreds of millions. Because of this, Hizballah made sure to vary its sources of capital; from raising money and support collected by organizations camouflaged as charities and scattered all over the world, down to real estate dealings and "used car" dealerships run by private business people.
The crowning glory of Hizballah's business portfolio is its hold on the global drug industry. The organization's worldwide crime operation extends from South America, through Africa, Europe, the Far East, Australia and the Middle East. Among their various activities, there are active Hizballah cells engaged in constant money laundering, forgery, weapons trade, smuggling, and of course producing and trading drugs, primarily heroin and cocaine.
Despite sweeping denial by the leaders of the religious extremist organization, officials from the American Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) have in the past presented conclusive evidence linking the drug organizations active at the Triple Frontier (Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay) with extremist Muslim organizations and Hizballah in particular. Its involvement in the drug industry of South America began in the early 1980s and has gained significant momentum over the last decade; through use of the large Shiite-Lebanese diaspora and close collaboration with South American cartels and drug organizations as well as crime and terror organizations in North Africa, a global-narcotic network has been created, netting billions of dollars a year. Among those enjoying the spoils is Hizballah. Today the total income generated by the organization's global-narcotic operations comes to hundreds of millions of dollars yearly.
#2 – The Taliban
Total annual income: $800 million
Unfortunately, the Taliban's success in recent years can also be measured financially. The Taliban runs a financial mechanism similar to that of ISIS (until recently) – the broader the territory they seize and the greater the population under their control, the more resources and potential revenue streams they have to convert into huge sums of money. The Taliban's primary source of income today, as much as hundreds of millions of dollars each year, comes from the production and trade of drugs (mainly growing opium and manufacturing heroin). After that (in order of decreasing importance) the organization makes hundreds of millions from the pirate mining of natural resources within the regions under its control, collecting ransom for hostages and, finally, from donations.
As mentioned, the foremost source of capital for the Jihadist organization relies on the extensive narcotic network built and refined over the years. This made Afghanistan into the biggest heroin production and growing operation in the world and the reason why more areas in Afghanistan are used for growing opium than there are areas in Latin America for growing coca. This network is responsible for one of the most essential arteries of the global drug industry, yielding hundreds of millions of dollars a year. According to the '2017 World Drug Report' of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Afghanistan is the largest producer and exporter of opium in the world and is responsible for the production of approximately 90% of the world's heroin. In total, more than 400 tons of heroin are produced in Afghanistan each year and the net value of opium exports alone constitutes around 12% of the country's GDP. A report presented to the UN's Security Council states that roughly 3 million Afghani people today are directly or indirectly employed by the drug industry. This is mind-boggling, as the country's entire workforce is approximately 8 million people, according to the CIA.
As much as this sounds like a huge sum, this is only half of the total income produced by the Taliban. An important additional piece in their rich and varied financial system is their pirate mining of minerals, namely copper and iron. A further significant source of income for the organization comes from donations, mostly from wealthy Saudi sheikhs and philanthropists. According to a study conducted by the New York Times, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the group's heavy funders of the group. Although the government in Riyadh officially supports the Afghani government and the American task force in the country, Saudi authorities in practice turn a blind eye to the increasing sums of money flowing from the private accounts of the wealthy.
#3 – Hamas
Last June marked tenth anniversary of the Hamas movement's control over the people of Gaza. Looking back, it seems there is no cause to celebrate. A special report recently published by the UN allowed a glimpse into the intolerable life in Gaza under the mismanagement of Hamas and points to a dizzyingly escalating humanitarian crisis. According to a summary in the UN report, the Gaza Strip will be unlivable by 2020 if the current situation persists.
The security intensification that came with Hamas' seizure of rule over Gaza brought with it immediate economic mayhem. A stream of more than 100,000 workers that entered Israel daily, and provided livelihood for hundreds of thousands of people in the Gaza strip, has almost entirely stopped. According to the World Bank, the current rate of unemployment in Gaza is the highest in the world and stands at over 40%. Among youth, the rate rises above 60%. The average income in Gaza is $1,800 per capita, among the lowest in the world. Electrical infrastructure and the factories that were destroyed in fighting, as well as the gross lack of raw materials (those that are not redirected by the heads of the organization to rebuilding tunnels), has paralyzed industry, which currently amounts to furniture production, cultivation of tomatoes and fishing.
But despite the catastrophic situation of Gaza, Hamas is managing to generate numerous funding sources from the impoverished population there, bringing in tens of millions of dollars each month. The sophisticated and elaborate tax network redirects significant capital flowing into Gaza as aid. This, for instance, is how Hamas collects taxes on the money-changing companies that convert the foreign currency to shekels, pocketing tens of millions on the way. In addition, Hamas runs hundreds of businesses monopolizing a variety of fields from real estate to security, banking, and even hotels and tourism.
Along with taxes, hundreds of millions of dollars flow in to the organization's account each year as private donations from business owners or various societies from all over the world. The biggest current funder of Hamas is, not surprisingly, Iran which, along with Qatar has committed to contributing large sums of money to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars a year. In order to ensure that not all the money goes to the rehabilitation of Gaza and improving its residents' welfare, the regime in Tehran has specifically allocated a significant sum from its contribution to support Hamas and its military arm's activities. According to security sources, this allowance is 70 million dollars a year, and is responsible for nearly half of the military wing's estimated budget of 150 million dollars.
#4 – Al-Qaeda
Under the organization's fundamentalist umbrella are some of the deadliest organizations operating today. According to the US State Department Country Reports on Terrorism a number of the primary branches include: Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (Libya, Algeria, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Tunisia and Burkina Faso), Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (Yemn and Saudi Arabia), Al-Qaeda in the Indian Peninsula (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh), al-Shabaab (Somaia) and Tahrir al-Sham (Syria).
Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb is mainly active in Central and Western Africa and exploits the region's instability and the penetrable borders of the countries in which its operations are based. It currently deals in the illegal trade of drugs, weapons, automobiles and people – and recently in the increasingly profitable branch of illegal trade in cigarettes and tobacco. A special report by the KPMG firm estimated that the illegal cigarette market in the countries of the Maghreb in 2016 constituted tax losses of about 565 million dollars. The scope of the illegal tobacco trade in North Africa currently stands at more than a billion dollars annually, and according to the UN comes out to about 60 billion black market cigarettes annually, of which a significant portion flows directly to the criminal and terrorist organizations controlling the region. Kidnapping for ransom payments also constitute a large source of income for the group, bringing in additional millions of dollars annually.
Like its brother in the West, Al-Qaeda of the Arab Peninsula takes great advantage of the local instability and local support, particularly in Yemen, to occupy territories, consolidate its hold in the region and so produce sizable income streams. Two years ago, for instance, the organization succeeded in taking over Mukalla, an important central port city in Yemen. Their control of the city, held until April 2016, generated about 2 million dollars a day for the organization from collecting protection fees and taxes, as well as pocketing an additional 20 million dollars from plundering local banks – according to a special report of the UN Security Council. In addition, Al-Qaeda of the Arab Peninsula continues to create ongoing revenue streams from kidnapping and ransom payments, as well as donations from charities of wealthy notables, primarily from the Gulf States
Jabhat al-Nusra, Tahrir al-Sham in its current incarnation, is Al-Qaeda's proxy in Syria. The extremist Sunni organization's income comes primarily from ransom payments and generous donations from the wealthy Sunni Gulf states. This year the organization wrangled a hefty sum of money for the provocative transaction in which it released Qatari royalty in exchange for the unprecedented sum of an estimated $130 million, according to the Financial Times.
A relatively new organization in Al-Qaeda's portfolio, but a veteran of Africa's bloody terror arena, is al-Shabaab, the Somalian terror group.. Like the rest of Al-Qaeda's destructive affiliates, al-Shabaab also obtains its own funding. According to a UN report, the organization raises funds mostly through taxing the inhabitants of the territories under its control. Additional funding comes from pirate mining and illegal coal trade as well as kidnapping and ransom payments – all of which make tens of millions of dollars per year for the terror organization.
#5 – ISIS
As of now with the fall of the town Rawa, the organization has lost its last urban stronghold in Iraq and those who controlled a third of the country have been almost entirely eliminated. Getting rid of any remnants of their control is just a matter of time and considering the great power they held until not long ago, this is a remarkable collapse. At its peak towards the end of 2014, the Islamic State extended over 100,000 square kilometers – larger than South Korea – and subjected 10 million people to its oppressive rule at the height of its power.
The vast lands that the organization captured during its rapid conquests throughout 2014 and the millions of people subjugated to its cruel rule made up the source of its wealth in its heyday. ISIS controlled oil and gas fields, rich mineral deposits, fertile agricultural lands, factories, weapons and of course millions of people underpinning the organization's finances, primarily through paying the organization taxes and 'protection' fees. Three years ago, precisely at the height of ISIS' military and political power, its annual income stood at around 3 billion dollars. In an unprecedented, comprehensive study published by Forbes Israel, ranking the 10 richest terror organizations in the world, ISIS was rated as the richest terror organization in the world; indeed, the richest in the history of terror.
The basis for its speedy money-making (as with many similar examples in the Middle East) came, unsurprisingly, from one major factor – oil. But this source of quick income soon became ISIS point of weakness. The intensification of the fighting against them and the grueling daily battles on the ground eventually led to the loss of extensive territory, including loss of control over fields of oil, gas, and precious mineral deposits. The organization suffered massive air raids by the coalition forces (attacks deliberately focused on the oil reserves) which added further strain and ultimately brought about the dwindling of profits from the organization's primary source of income. Soon afterwards, what's more, the price of oil collapsed, plunging from 110$ per barrel at the beginning of 2014, to less than 30$ per barrel in 2016, further slashing the organization's profits.
Income from oil and gas, which constituted the main source of ISIS' wealth, was not the sole source of capital in its financial system. Taxes, ransom, protection fees and robberies of banks and antiquities became important components of wealth accumulation. As the only governmental authority in villages and towns under its rule, ISIS collected taxes and protection fees from the occupied population. But loss of control of the population it controlled until recently naturally brought about a drop in this source of income.
Apart from the large energy reserves that they controlled and the coercive mechanism for collecting protection, ransom and taxes for their own profit – ISIS also conquered vast agricultural lands, factories, power stations, dams, and other strategic facilities – which added greatly to their power and economic strength. In addition, the organization held vast territory in the 5 most fertile agricultural districts in Iraq that control about 40% of the wheat crop and various types of grain grown in the country, which in total, according to estimates by agricultural experts, amounted to 30% of the local agricultural market under ISIS' control. All of this was lost when the organization withdrew from the large areas that it held.
According to estimates, the deadly terror organization lost over 90% of its income in the last three years alone, from about 2-3 billion dollars in 2014 to only 200 million dollars in 2017. In the coming year, ISIS will return to its original financial standing, and will be supported again primarily by ransom payments, donations, and external aid to finance its guerrilla activities in Syria and Iraq.
#6 – PKK – Kurdistan Workers' Party
According to the US State Department's annual terrorism report, the PKK has many and varied sources of capital and relies heavily on the widespread Kurdish diaspora across Europe for funding its operations. According to estimates, the money flowing into the organization ranges between $50 to $100 million annually.
The primary source of PKK's income stems, unsurprisingly and similarly to other terror groups, from the drug trade – namely heroin and cannabis. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), has estimated that the organization makes about $75 million annually from heroin. In the past, British intelligence estimated that the PKK is responsible for 40% of the heroin smuggled into the European Union, with the US Treasury also noting its significance in the global drug industry.
Another important dimension of the PKK's illegal business transactions is human trafficking, as well as pirating of tobacco and cigarettes, according to a special report by a NATO intelligence branch. From the illegal migration from Asian and African countries and smuggling people and illegal substances into European countries, the organization is making millions of dollars each year.
Apart from its criminal money-making activities, the PKK also runs a legitimate and legal network for raising funds and aid money from its many supporters. The PKK's European arm runs hundreds of aid organizations for increasing propaganda and collecting donations and solidarity tax from among the Kurdish community, particularly in Germany. A special report published by Germany's domestic intelligence service (the BfV), has estimated that funds flowing into the organization from donations come to about 30 million dollars annually, about half of which is collected from the Kurdish community in Germany.
#7 – Kata'ib Hizballah
Practically since its inception, the organization has been heavily funded by its Iranian patron, which makes sure to devote money and resources for the organization's activities. More can be learned from a lawsuit filed against European banks by American veterans and the families of soldiers killed in Iraq. According to the statement submitted against the banking powers, HSBC, Credit Suisse, Barclays, Standard Chartered and the Royal Bank of Scotland channeled money from Tehran to the terror organization in Iraq. These funds allegedly were transferred directly from Iran to Kata'ib Hizballah in order to finance shootings and roadside bombings in which dozens of American soldiers were killed or wounded. The claim explicitly implicates Kata'ib Hizballah as one of the main recipients of those funds which, according to the pleadings, came to over 100 million dollars.
An additional source of income comes from abductions and ransom payments, which in the last year brought huge sums into the Shiite terror organization's account. Kata'ib Hizballah was the organization that headed the plan and execution of the abductions of 26 members of the Qatari royal family while they were on a falcon hunting expedition in December 2015. The dubious release transaction saw the royal family transfer the astronomical sum of a billion dollars to Iran and other terror organizations (which triggered the big boycott against Qatar by Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Bahrain), and the Shiite organization is estimated to have received an especially hefty cut of the spoils. According to the Financial Times which exposed the details of the transaction, suitcases loaded with cash amounting to about 700 million dollars were transferred to Iran and its 'partners' in exchange for the hostages' release.
#8 – Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Up to 2 years ago, the Islamic Jihad was facing a severe economic crisis, as one of their senior officials expressed it "the most severe economic crisis in the history of the organization," which was founded in 1979 as a branch of the Egyptian Islamic Brotherhood movement. The Jihadi organization's sources of funding had dried up and its pockets emptied. In a political crisis with their Iranian patron, close ally and nearly exclusive sponsor, the latter threatened to cut the oxygen flow to the Jihadist organization - brought the Islamic Jihad to the brink of bankruptcy and to its lowest point in its many years of activity.
At that time the coalition forces of the region's Sunni states (led by Saudi Arabia, Iran's Sunni rival), began a large-scale military operation against the Houthis in Yemen. While the heads of the Islamic Jihad were determined to remain neutral, the Iranians demanded explicit support for the Shiite Houthis. When expression of support was not forthcoming, Tehran decided on a drastic cut in funding for the organization, which went into a violent tailspin.
Eventually, the Islamic Jihad leaders gave in and surrendered to the dictates of Tehran, including a public "declaration of loyalty". A delegation of senior officials headed by Ramadan Shalah, secretary general of the organization, was dispatched to end the tensions and to consult the Revolutionary Guard. During the meeting, Shalah thanked Qasem Soleimani, commander of the Quds force (the elite unit of the Revolutionary Guard), for the 'exclusive' support of the Palestinian intifada. In what was described as a sweeping declaration of loyalty by the Islamic Jihad to Iran and unconditional acceptance of its demands, the organization's secretary general criticized the 'other Arab states' that did not support the Palestinian uprising and declared that "Iran is the only country that supports the intifada and the families of the martyrs."
Unsurprisingly, the reward soon followed. Soon after the meeting, the heads of the organization received an offer of reconciliation in the form of tens of millions of dollars. It is estimated that Islamic Jihad receives support from Iran of about $70 million a year and that Iran alone is responsible for supplying nearly 75% of the Palestinian terror organization's entire budget.
#9 – Lashkar-e-Taiba
Total annual income: $75 million
According to the US State Department, the Lashkar-e-Taiba organization relies heavily on the Pakistani diaspora (with most capital flowing in from communities based in the Gulf States and Britain), and aid funding from business people, Kashmiri tycoons and Indian mafia. Additionally, many millions are funneled into funds and charities that operate under the organization's aid arm, which they use to garner support and sympathy from among the local population.
Lashkar-e-Taiba maintains training camps for its fighters, along with schools, daycare centers, welfare institutions and clinics all over Pakistan and is active in Afghanistan as well. Most of the fundraising to the charity and welfare funds (in which, as usual, nobody knows where the line lies between funding charity and terror) is done publicly, through extensive publicity campaigns in the Pakistani media. In addition, according to some estimates, the Pakistani terror organization continues to receive generous financial support from Pakistani officials.
#10 – The Real IRA
Despite the efforts of customs authorities and security forces, the organization's leaders have refined their fundraising abilities and manage to pocket tens of millions of dollars per year, mostly through a sophisticated global network that smuggles and sells cigarettes and tobacco. The tobacco smuggling industry in Britain has been thriving in recent years, bringing in huge sums of money.
A special report produced by the international accounting firm KPMG suggests that the illegal cigarette trade on the black market in Britain is among the largest in Europe. In 2016, approximately 5.55 billion cigarettes were sold illegally – with a black-market value of around $1.1 billion annually. In a special investigation done by the Sun, senior government officials declared that IRA members (including the Provisional IRA) are responsible for about 40% of the illegal tobacco market in Britain, and with the profits generated by this industry annually, tens of millions of dollars in royalties go directly to the RIRA.
The crime and terror organization recently got an unexpected boost from parliament – thanks to the same law that forbids the branding of packets of cigarettes and rolling tobacco. According to experts, the passing of the law significantly simplified the forgery work required of those profiting from black market tobacco and is expected to channel tens of millions of dollars more their way with a hefty portion expected to go to the RIRA.
Apart from illegal trade in tobacco, the radical Irish organization also enjoys significant royalties from its pirate network of falsified alcohol and fuel products as well as protection fees that it collects – especially in those areas under its influence, in which police enforcement is low.
An additional source of capital for the Real IRA, according to the US State Department Report on Global Terror, comes from supporters in the large Irish community in the USA. The underground Irish organization knows well how to exploit this wealthy target audience, and raises funds based on the support of Irish-American activists who oppose the peace agreement.
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TEASER TUESDAY for Anna B. Doe
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April Releases
March 31, 2018 Cait Leave a comment
So, tomorrow is April, and in honor of the showers that hopefully bring some flowers, here are some books coming out in April; Which ones are you looking forward to?
Happily Ever Alpha Series
CP Smith, Brynne Asher, Jordan Marie, KL Donn, CC Monroe, Rochelle Paige, S. Van Horne, KD Robichaux, Layla Frost, Jenika Snow, Samantha Lind, Elle Christensen, Ella Fox, Natasha Madison, Sarah O'Rourke, and Elle Jefferson are all contributing to this amazing series and I had the lucky chance to read and review 9 of them in advanced. So far they are AMAZING!!
Release Date: April 3rd, 2018
Castiel by KL Donn
(No Cover/Blurb Yet)
This is the third in the Adair Empire Series and I cannot wait to read it! (Pre-order & one-click the HECK out of this baby!)
Release Date: April 24th, 2018
Something So Unscripted by Natasha Madison
Finding my teammate in bed with my wife made the decision I had been fighting with for years easier.
It's time to move on.
A fresh start and a new NHL team in a big city. Most importantly, it's my son Jack's best shot.
It would be both of our best shots.
After a bad childhood, I made sure I would succeed.
The problem is I die a little with each patient I lose. It's part of my career at Hudson Children's Oncology Hospital, but it doesn't make the sting of loss any easier.
Seeking anything other than a life saved isn't on my agenda until a NHL player walks into my hospital with his son.
We're officially off script the moment we meet.
If this love is anything, it's unscripted.
Release Day: April 2nd, 2018
Damage by Jennifer Vester
What if the pivotal moment in your life, hinged upon all the events that happened in your past?
Suzanne had survived, had endured. At least that's what she told herself. So many mistakes littered her life, and she was determined not to repeat them.
Living in Lakefield, with the memories of a man she loved and lost hanging over her, she decides to embark on a new life. It's a choice that will put a series of events in motion, that could ultimately save her or break her.
When she meets a man named Mark, her reality is suddenly altered, and nothing is quite what she thought it was. Everything in both of their lives will dramatically change.
Fighting against their pasts and a determined killer, two people that thought they knew what defined them, will have to rethink what they know about themselves and each other.
With love and their future on the line, they'll have to find a way to survive the maniac that's working to destroy them.
Good Girl by Jana Aston
I've always been a good girl.
I work hard, I follow the rules, and I always achieve my goals.
But sometimes good girls want things that aren't good for them.
Or someone who isn't good for them.
Like their new boss.
And sometimes they do very bad things to get his attention.
Like sell their virginity in an auction.
Who knew he'd be so very, very mad?
Maybe this was not my best laid plan…
Coming Together by Poppy Dune
Aloha, romance. Aloha, big blue sea. Aloha, handsome husband.
It's been fourteen years since Justin and I got married, promptly got pregnant and buried under bills and diapers and jobs and playdates. Although our love remains steady and strong, an avalanche of daily details have taken us farther away from each other. I've lost count of how many years it's been since we were truly alone.
But here we are now, in idyllic Hawaii, on the dream honeymoon we've been–well–dreaming about for years. There's a roast suckling pig, my husband in a lei, and a sunset over the ocean that would put Bob Ross to shame. Still, we seem to be missing each other, like two hula dancers passing in the night.
I've got four days to put the spark back in this marriage and I'm bringing out the big guns: sexy dress, strappy heels, grotto sex to scandalize the other guests. But when the outside world starts infringing on this intimate scene, my husband's eyes move to a hot new business prospect instead of hot little me.
If a honeymoon in paradise can't bring us back together, do we really have a shot at this thing? Can we say aloha to each other again?
Psychic's Spell by Ella Summers
In the immortal war between gods and demons, one woman's past holds the key to humanity's future.
One year after joining the Legion of Angels in New York City, Leda Pierce returns home to visit her family in Purgatory, a rough and rugged frontier town that borders the plains of monsters. Leda's family reunion is cut short, however, when her little sisters are captured by supernatural mercenaries.
Together with her angel lover Nero, she sets out to save them. Besieged by monsters, assailed by powerful foes, Leda knows this rescue mission won't be easy. What she doesn't expect is that it will bring her face-to-face with the secrets of her buried past.
Psychic's Spell is the sixth book in the Legion of Angels series.
The Legion of Angels series Vampire's Kiss Witch's Cauldron Siren's Song Dragon's Storm Shifter's Shadow Psychic's Spell Book 7 [coming soon]
Release Date: April 2nd, 2018
Havoc by Debra Anastasia
I named myself. I took the word Animal out of their mouths, wore it like a badge of honor then shoved it down their throats. I've fought for what I have. I see you coming, before you even know you want a piece of me. In a city riddled with warring families, I'll rise up between them. My people, the broken souls I gather will have power by the time I'm done with them.
I protect mine.
Him. My brother, Nix.
Her. The girl that is the only home I've ever had. She knows me.
I'm coming at you, Sweetness. Stay ready.
Release Day: April 5th, 2018
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Wall Street Journal bestselling author Ilsa Madden-Mills kicks off a brand-new, sexy, heartfelt contemporary romance series with I DARE YOU!
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The late night text is random, but "Bad Ass Athlete" sure seems to know who she is…
Delaney Shaw.
Good girl.
Lover of fluffy kitties and Star Wars.
His dare? Spend one night in his bed—a night he promises will be unforgettable—and she can solve the mystery of who he is.
She knows she shouldn't, but what else is she going to do with her boring Valentine's Day?
One sexy hook-up later, her mind is blown and the secret's out.
Maverick Monroe.
Bad boy.
The most talented football player in the country.
Just ask him.
Too bad for him Delaney's sworn off dating athletes forever after her last heartbreak.
But Maverick wants more than one night and refuses to give up on winning Delaney's heart. She isn't one to be fazed by a set of broad shoulders.
Will the bad boy land the nerd girl or will the secrets they keep from each other separate them forever?
Release Day: April 29th, 2018
Finder's Keepers by BJ Bentley
I was a world-class thief.
I was tasked with stealing a valuable artifact in order to save my brother's life.
I must avoid detection, evade capture, and meet my deadline.
Unfortunately, my plans go awry when Jensen Holm, a dangerous and powerful criminal himself, finds me in his home.
And decides to keep me.
I was a criminal kingpin.
I collected rare and beautiful things, and nothing was more rare or beautiful than this thief who intended to steal from me.
I had to show her who was in control.
I had to show her who she belonged to.
I had to show her that she had stolen my heart.
**Finders Keepers is a dark romance with possible triggers for graphic violence and non-consensual situations.
Release Date: April 4th, 2018
(My review of Finders Keepers
Whiskey Chaser by Lucy Score with Claire Kinglsey
"I'm afraid my vagina might turn itself inside out if you try to give it another orgasm so soon." — Scarlett Bodine
Raised by her three overbearing brothers, Scarlett is a hell-raising tomboy with a tool belt. A tornado stirring up trouble everywhere she goes. Her favorite pastimes? Drinking any man under the table and two-stepping. But she has zero interest in love. Scarlett's only being neighborly when she claims her sexy next-door neighbor as her new pet project.
Devlin is a man at rock bottom. Marriage, political career, five-year plan to Washington, D.C. All destroyed with one well-placed jab. The golden boy is now the black sheep relegated to Bootleg Springs, a tiny West Virginia town with two claims to fame: 1. Moonshine and 2. The cold case disappearance of a teen girl.
Devlin just wants to lick his wounds. But Scarlett has other ideas for his tongue… and the rest of him. She's determined to bring him back to life, even if getting him back on his feet means never seeing him again. But when an old mystery becomes new news, she'll need his help to survive the scandal.
Lyric by Molly Adams
New York Times and USA Today bestselling author Molly McAdams delivers the first captivating, stand-alone novel in her REDEMPTION series spin-off—the REBEL series . . .
I'm not the kind of girl you forget.
I wish I was.
I wish I was normal.
That I could blend into a crowd. Have a future with the man I've loved my entire life…
Maxon James understands me in a way others can't.
For as long as I can remember, he's vowed that one day he would claim my wild, rebel heart. God knows I wanted him to try. I wanted the life he promised me in his lyrics.
But his assurances couldn't change the past, and the infamous mafia blood in my veins guarantees my heart can't be claimed.
Somewhere along the way, I slipped. I let myself believe we could have it all. Now a dark, menacing shadow hovers between us, mocking us for daring to hope for a normal future.
And it's come to collect on a blood oath.
My name's Elizabeth Borello—Libby for short. Don't worry about forgetting it… He hasn't.
Hot Target by April Hunt
WHAT HAPPENS IN VEGAS . . .
How did a nice girl like Rachel Kline end up in a jail cell in Vegas? Don't even ask. She came to Sin City to find her missing friend and accidentally got swept up in a police raid. Even worse, she's being bailed out by the last man she wants to see right now: the irresistibly sexy, infuriatingly cocky Alpha op who rescued her a year ago. What are the odds?
Logan Callahan is six-and-a-half feet of solid muscle and Texas charm, a hard-fighting ex-Marine with a soft spot for Rachel. He's more than obliged to hang up his cowboy hat and help her out. But when someone takes a shot at her, he knows there's a good chance what happens in Vegas won't stay there. With targets on their backs and killers on their tails, it's one high-risk game they're playing. And it's not just their hearts that are on the line . . .
april relasescastielcoming togetherdamagedebra anastasiaella summersgood girlhappily ever alphahavocjana astonjennifer vesterkl donnnatasha madisonnew releasenew releasesnew to mepoppy dunepsychic's spellsomething so unscripted
Book Review, romance
Wallflowers: Three of a Kind (Wallflowers #1) by C.P. Smith Review
WARNING: Author believes in soul mates and insta-love. Proceed with caution if you're not a romantic at heart.
"Romance and poetry, ivy, lichens, and wallflowers, need ruin to make them grow." ~ Nathaniel Hawthorne
They say money is the root of all evil, but sometimes, evil lurks in the most unlikely places.
Calla Lily Armstrong spent her whole life shielding her heart. Now she's ready to break down her walls and see what's hiding on the other side. With the help of her new friends, Poppy Gentry and Sienna Miller, the three band together to find their happily ever after. One Wallflower at a time.
Former Atlanta Homicide Detective, Devin Hawthorne, moved to Savannah for a change of pace and a fresh start as a Private Investigator. He finds it right under his nose in the form of a Southern beauty who drives him to distraction, and deadly secrets that threaten her very life.
Rated mature for language and sexual content.
CP Smith writes humorous, ooey-gooey romantic suspense with OTT alphas, insta-love, and LOTS of dead bodies! She believes books should be about escape rather than reality. Ms. Smith writes what she likes to read and leaves the rest to those with better imaginations. She lives in Oklahoma with her husband and five children. You can follow her on Facebook.
CP Smith did such an amazing job with this novel. I truly enjoyed the antics of the Wallflowers, and I really liked watching the men in the novel try to keep up with them. Although Calla is a self-proclaimed Wallflower, she is not weak. Calla, a.k.a Cali, lost her parents and brother when she was very young, so tried to keep herself away from everyone to protect herself, and protect those she could possibly love. She doesn't see the beauty she innately has, and it draws Devin in like a moth to a flame. She puts herself in some uncomfortable positions to help others, she reads a lot of historical romance novels, and she makes sure she backs her friends up when they need her. I would love to have a friend like Calla in my life.
Not only does es-Atlanta cop Devin have to come to terms with the insta-love he feels for Calla, and the surging of protective alpha in his veins for a woman that loves to make his job difficult, he has to deal with a missing woman, two murders, and someone trying to hurt Cali. And the plot continues to thicken as the novel continues. I'm not sure how it works in real life, but it seemed to play out like a TV show with trying to connect the dots. And HELLO PLOT TWIST at the end! That was a complete shocker, and it just made the novel that much better.
The one thing I wish was done differently was to have a better distinction between Calla and Devin's point of view. The novel starts off with Cali covertly watching *cough*stalking*cough* Devin, and it's written in first person. Devin's point of view is written in third-person. Although this was a clever way to do it, it definitely made it a tad bit confusing when there wasn't a real line break, just an extra space in between the paragraphs. This was just a personal preference though. Once I got into the book more, it was easier to keep up.
C.P had me hooked from the first time Calla saw Devin, and then reading how Devin felt when he saw Calla, and I just could not put this novel down. I can't wait to read Until Susan for the Happily Ever Alpha Kindle Worlds!
book blogBook Reviewbookscalla lilycp smithdevin hawthornehappily ever alphanew to menovelreviewrom comromanceromance bookromance novelromanticromantic comedywallflowers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Activism
"I Will Not Submit": 140,000 French Citizens Protest Against Vaccine Passport
TOPICS:FranceJack PhillipsMandatory vaccinesProtestVaccine Passport
By Jack Phillips, The Epoch Times
Thousands of French citizens demonstrated in several cities Saturday for an eighth straight weekend, continuing protests against the country's COVID-19 vaccine passport system required to enter most public areas, including stadiums, cafes, restaurants, and gyms.
The health pass, which was passed by the French Parliament weeks ago, mandates an individual be vaccinated, have a recent negative COVID-19 test, or prove they have fully recovered from the virus. Another law slated to go into effect this month will require all healthcare workers to get the vaccine.
France's Ministry of Interior confirmed to news outlets over the weekend that about 140,000 people partook in demonstrations over the weekend. A week ago, about 170,000 people partook in protests.
While some media outlets have described the mass protests as "anti-vaccine," many of the slogans and signs held by protesters go against vaccine mandates and passports, rather than COVID-19 vaccines themselves. Numerous protesters were seen on Saturday chanting, "liberte," which translates to "freedom."
"We are boycotting this health pass … In the end, this health pass will fall," Florian Philippot, the head of the "Patriots" movement, reported Local Media, and he promised to go on a "general strike" for an indefinite period.
"We will always say 'no' to the sanitary pass. We're not sheep," said a Parisian woman to Ouest France, according to a translation.
"No to discrimination, no to bullying. Freedom."
A sign at a protest in Paris read:
"I will not submit to health terror."
Under the current vaccine passport law, only adults are eligible. However, that will soon change as all children ages 12 and above will be allowed to get vaccinated on Sept. 30.
Similar vaccine passports were introduced in other European nations, including Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and others, which also drew demonstrations.
Over the weekend, protests erupted across Canada recent vaccine passport mandates.
In Toronto, David McLelland, a retired professor who taught at the University of Toronto, said the protesters are "an alliance in protection of human liberty" united by their opposition to the COVID-19 lockdowns and the restriction of freedoms.
"I believe that the reason for [vaccine passports] is simply to introduce a surveillance state and much more social control—to introduce a surveillance society or surveillance protocol so that the government will know where you are all the time," McLelland told The Epoch Times on Saturday.
"There have been massive demonstrations against vaccine passports in towns all through Europe repeatedly, yet there's virtually no coverage by the mainstream media. You see the same thing going on in Australia but they're basically called thugs and hooligans," he added.
Thousands more protesters marched in Vancouver, British Columbia, over its vaccine passport mandate. Last week, a large crowd gathered at Vancouver General Hospital due to vaccine requirements.
Sourced from ZeroHedge
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text:
Q: Domain for the Composition of Function Question:I want to find the Domain of $f \circ f \circ f (x)$ given $f(x)=\sqrt{2-x}$
Attempt at solution: Domain of $f \circ f\circ f$ is $x \le-2 $
$\cap$ Domain of $f\circ f$ is $x\ge-2$
$\cap$ Domain of $f$ is $x\le2$
Whereas the final domain in the program gives me $[-2,2]$ which I definitely can't obtain from the above intersection.
So please tell me where I went wrong and what I am supposed to do. Thanks a ton!!

A: $f \circ f \circ f (x)$ given $f(x)=\sqrt{2-x}$
Therefore $$f \circ f \circ f (x) = \sqrt{2-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2-x}}}$$
So we have 3 conditions
$$\sqrt{2-\sqrt{2-x}}  \le 2.....(i)$$ and
$$\sqrt{2-x} \le 2.....(ii)$$ and
$$x \le 2.....(iii)$$
From (i) and (ii) we get,
$$-2 \le \sqrt{2-x} \le 2.....(iv) $$
From (iii) and (iv) we get, $$-2 \le x \le 2$$
Required domain = $[-2,2]$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Evacuating during a hurricane brings unexpected costs
Hotels, gas, food all adds up
By: Erik Waxler
Evacuating has a lot of challenges, but it also has a lot of expenses.
For those traveling to Polk County from the East Coast, those costs are already adding up.
Bob Auwaurder and his wife live on the barrier Island in Vero Beach and knew they had to leave.
"There was a mandatory evacuation but we would have left anyway," he said.
Studies show economics play a key role in whether not people evacuate during a hurricane.
Many won't evacuate if they have pets because most hotels don't allow them. Boarding dogs can range from $16 to $20 a night.
The hotels we checked with in Lakeland are sold out with many people escaping the storm. Hotels will run at least a $100 a night.
"It's not too bad. The hotel is not that expensive. They don't look like they were taking advantage of the situation which is nice," said Auwaurder.
Jennifer Caton who came to Lakeland from Edgewater, South of Daytona, has a cousin where she and her family can stay for free. But she does have to pay for boarding her two dogs.
"Then the gas to travel of course and then the food, so it's definitely an out of pocket that we were not expected, so it's tough," said Caton.
But no matter what the financial cost of evacuating is, those who don't evacuate could end up paying a much higher price.


text:
Accenture Announces U.S. Innovation Challenge Winner
University of Florida team to help Feeding America address food insecurity in college communities
Originally Published by Accenture.
A team from the University of Florida has won this year's U.S. Accenture Innovation Challenge and will work with Accenture (NYSE: ACN) to provide management consulting services to help the nation's largest domestic hunger-relief organization, Feeding America®, address food insecurity and reduce hunger in and around college communities — the focus of this year's Challenge.
The winning team was selected in March following multiple rounds of competition involving more than 1,100 applicants on 59 teams from more than 50 undergraduate campuses. The proposal from the University of Florida called for integration of an existing online app to better connect food donors with nonprofit relief organizations, extend the distribution network, and add new campus "ambassadors" to help raise resources and awareness for addressing food insecurity in and around college communities.
"Innovation is fundamentally about making things better and doing so boldly," said Marty Rodgers, managing director of Accenture's nonprofit practice. "In a nation where one in six kids is uncertain of their next meal and up to one in five college students face some degree of food insecurity, we can do better. The Accenture Innovation Challenge asked students to be bold in tackling food insecurity in college communities — and they did not disappoint."
Feeding America fights hunger and food insecurity through a network of 200 food banks by reducing food waste and redirecting food to people in need.
"The passion and ideas the students presented demonstrated this generation's commitment to engage in community service," said Blake Thompson, Feeding America's chief supply chain officer. "It's encouraging to see as we lean-in more to explore innovative ideas that help drive our vision of a hunger-free America forward in the coming years."
Launched in 2012, the Accenture Innovation Challenge provides college students from across the United States an opportunity to offer ideas and solutions to support a priority goal of a nonprofit organization. Accenture organizes two such competitions each year, one for college undergraduates and one for students in graduate programs. Winning teams help implement their proposals with the nonprofit organization and an Accenture consulting team.
Medtronic Advances Health Equity With Zero Health Gaps Pledge
By Molly McKee
Kaiser Permanente Partners With the American Red Cross to Increase Community Resilience
EY Launches Climate Change Readiness Index in Middle East and North Africa
MSNBC and Noticias Telemundo Host 'National Day Of Racial Healing' Town Halls
ADP's Jyotsna Manikantan Shares 3 Best Practices for Fostering an Inclusive Workplace
Kaiser Permanente's Cecilia Oregón Urges Lawmakers to Boost Digital Equity


"I skate 4 life, 4 good, 4 fun, 4 the summer, 4 u, 4 me!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
I love to skateboard me and my friends will always be seen down at the skatepark aspesholy in the summer!I love to listen to music all the time so if u now any sites were i could downlaod music let me no plz!!I like 2 dirtbike and body surf!i go to the beach in the summer a lot to its were i hang out thats my life!!!!!!!!
Login or register to add !!sk8er chick!! as your friend!


Fixing America's ailing education system could boost GDP by $1.7 trillion a year by 2030, according to McKinsey's "Game Changers: Five Opportunities Five Opportunities For US Growth And Renewal."
Of course, that's just a positive way of saying that the current talent gap is costing us big time.
One source of America's historic economic prosperity has been the high skill and education of its workforce. But this edge is now eroding as other nations surpass the United States. US student achievement measures have fallen near the bottom half in international rankings, and the nation's rate of tertiary education attainment for younger workers lags dramatically behind that of other countries (Exhibit E8). Moreover, even those who receive post-secondary education may not be acquiring the skills they need: a recent McKinsey survey found that more than 60 percent of US employers are skeptical of recent graduates' potential to succeed in their company.
1. Create non-degree training programs to give workers the specific skills needed by employers.
2. Improve learning and labor market outcomes for some graduates of two- and four-year colleges.
3. Expand the number of graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).
4. Incorporate a greater focus on skills in targeted areas of immigration policy.
Non-degree training programs. Raising the number of high school graduates receiving post-secondary, non-degree training directly translates to GDP gains. Participants often achieve better labor market outcomes than graduates of associate degree programs.170 We assume that instead of facing the job prospects typical of high school graduates, this population will exhibit the labor force participation, employment, and wage characteristics of associate degree holders.171 In addition to making this path more widely available to new high school graduates, training can benefit currently unemployed workers who lack college degrees. The historical rate of unemployment among this group is 6 percent, but today there are 1.3 million more unemployed in this group than would be expected—and they are prime candidates for these types of programs. Altogether, expanding industry-specific training programs could add $7 billion to nearly $15 billion to annual GDP by 2020.
Improving learning and employment outcomes for college graduates. If current trends persist, we estimate that by 2020, roughly one-quarter of workers with bachelor's degrees will earn less than the median full-time annual earnings of associate degree holders. Similarly, one-third of workers with associate degrees will earn less than the median wages of high school graduates. Adjusting for factors such as cost-of-living differences and voluntary choices of lower-paying careers, we find that improving labor market outcomes of these bachelor's degree holders to match the median wage of associate degree holders and lifting these associate degree holders to the median high school graduate wage would raise annual GDP by $45 billion by 2020. Improving bachelor's and associate degree outcomes even further—to match the median wages associated with their actual educational attainment—would add $95 billion to annual GDP by 2020.
ƒƒIncreasing the number of STEM graduates. By reducing attrition rates in STEM fields to levels comparable with other majors, the United States can improve the persistence rate of STEM majors from 53 percent to 76 percent. In combination with increasing the enrollment rate in STEM programs from 14 percent to 24 percent, the share of US four-year-college graduates with STEM degrees can grow from 15 percent today to 23 percent by 2020, bringing the United States in line with peer countries. Increasing the number of STEM graduates can raise annual GDP by $25 billion in 2020 because of the lower unemployment rate and higher wage premium for STEM graduates over non-STEM graduates.
High-skill immigration. Increasing the skill level of the net additional 7.4 million immigrants that are likely to arrive between 2012 and 2020 will also have tremendous impact on GDP. Increasing H-1B visa issuance to match the 2001 peak—that is, issuing an additional 37,000 H-1B visas each year—would increase the 2020 population of H-1B visa holders by nearly 130,000 above the baseline 2020 projection. Assuming these additional H-1B workers earn the average wage for workers with tertiary-level STEM education, this shift would add $8.5 billion to annual GDP by 2020.173 Even more significantly, the educational profile of incoming family-sponsored permanent resident workers can be shifted to give preference to those with specialized skills or tertiary degrees. (This would apply only to extended family members who would be in the labor force, not to the immediate families of citizens and permanent residents.) Applying this change only to this specific group would generate an annual GDP impact of $22 billion by 2020.


It was just a few years ago that International Positioning Systems (GPS) emerged on the scene, and appear how well-liked they are right now. Not remarkably, developments in technology by no means quit, and GPS's these days are much smaller sized and much more potent than in the previous. You can consider these kinds of models with you nearly anyplace, whether or not you're driving, strolling, snowboarding or taking pleasure in drinking water sports. Fortunately for us today, we have Garmin, one of the leaders in the GPS business. We've taken a great, near appear at the Garmin 1450LMT GPS, a very little device, in hope of aiding you with your purchasing decision.
If you are getting trouble with your current car and don't believe that you can pay for a new one, don't despair. Don't get frustrated and bent out of form simply because you feel that you will have to vacation resort to bumming rides off of your buddies and using community transportation. Prior to you dismiss the concept of buying a much better car, consider some time to go to your local sellers and consider a look at the used cars that are on the lots.
At the finish of every working day, place your alter into a jar or other container. At the finish of the thirty day period, you can either continue to conserve in this method, roll it and use it, or deposit it into your examining or savings account. Conserving lose alter can add up and is a great way to save for these small extra things. It also helps to ensure that you will usually have a little backup money if you require it.
Allergies to meals can upset levels of hormones and other key chemicals in the mind, resulting in symptoms ranging from melancholy and anxiousness to schizophrenia. The knowledge that allergy to meals and chemical substances can adversely affect moods and behavior in susceptible people has been recognized for a extremely lengthy time.
So, now you know that you can bid online, but what occurs if you can't totally free yourself from other obligations when your item comes up? Don't be concerned; you can make use of absentee bidding. If you are not able to go to a live streamed auction, some auctions will allow you to place an absentee bid prior to the auction opens.
You cannot trip a scooter on the highway (M1 or any other). This restricts scooters for intercity Viaje fin de carrera riviera maya. However, this is also great as you won't have to spend for parking it anywhere.
If you have a good experience and wish to return, try to set some thing up for the long term. Occasionally you can save time and cash by performing issues in progress.
The women frequently share their issues with buddies. (I listen to them complaining in the locker space prior to their water physical exercise course.) Occasionally the males just withdraw. In any case it doesn't occur to them that just a little little bit of assist and some new information could make a big difference in high quality of their life.


RORY'S "Loose Talk" RORY GALLAGHER FANS FORUM.. What's Going On? • View topic - My Rory relic.
Hi, this is my custom make Rory guitar, made from Mexican and american fender parts The scratch plate is quite yellow. the photographs aren't brilliant i apologize.
How many hours did it take? It was already scratched before?
Yeah, ha the yellow plate does raise some eyebrows, its meant to look aged, but maybe its a bit over aged? I brought the plate online and have always wondered if I should change it, to make it look more authentic. The guitar was originally a Mexican fender that i took a chisel to! It took a fare while to build, but maybe not as long as some I've seen on the forum that have much more attention to detail. You could say it isn't complete, it does need new tuners and a set up.
I'd say its more of a Rory style guitar than a precise replica. At the moment I'm Currently building a Jimi Hendrix style guitar.


The Fallout and Elder Scrolls worlds were already inextricably linked because both are developed by Bethesda Softworks. However, a new Fallout 4 easter egg reveals Fallout and Skyrim take place in the same universe.
An experimental plant with healing properties? What's so cool and easter eggy about this?
The experimental plant earns a spot on the long list of Fallout 4 easter eggs because it has a striking resemblance to the "Nirnroot" of the Elder Scrolls games. The resemblance on its own isn't especially cool as it looks as though Bethesda was just reusing an asset that's meant to be a totally different plant in the Fallout universe. However, if you were to review the computer logs on the discovery of the experimental plant, labelled "NRT" (which could be shorthand for Nirnroot), you would find out why it belongs on the Fallout 4 easter egg list.
The computer logs reveal that like Nirnroot, the experimental plant is found "at the mouth of a river", glows and has survived a catastrophic event. The information the log reveals is almost identical to the lore surrounding Nirnroot in the Elder Scrolls series.
Cool, right? The only downside is now the fan theory that Fallout and Elder Scrolls exist in the same worlds, which doesn't make a lick of sense because how can the events of Elder Scrolls happen in the future? Are dragons just deathclaws with wings?
If you ask me, this Fallout 4 easter egg isn't meant to be read into too seriously. Although, I would like to see a timeline chart that maps how all of Bethesda's games are relate to each other just like the equally ridiculous but fun Pixar Theory.
Next article Watch The Uncharted 4 Live Stream Now!


Medication for sick loved ones. Good education for siblings and children. Modest homes. The need to survive. Poverty. These, and many more reasons pushed Filipinos to seek employment abroad.
For single parent Rosemarie Urcia of Sta. Ana, Cagayan Valley, one of these reasons, the need to provide for her family strongly influenced her to leave the Philippines and work abroad.
Rosemarie knew that her situation was never going to change for the better if she stayed. Poverty had dogged at most part of her childhood; she had ended up wanting nothing but to provide a better life for her only child, Jenie Jin and her relatives. She did not want them to experience the hardships she herself had experienced earlier in her life.
When Rosemarie was barely 22 years old, she tried her best to earn a decent living by engaging in a buy-and-sell enterprise at first. She worked with vigor similar to that of a mother tigress seeking food for her young.
For a time, the business seemed to do well, and family needs were met. However, it had to cease after six years of operations. Empty-handed and broken-hearted, Rosemarie groped for an alternative source of income.
Despite her willingness to try anything, she realized nothing was lucrative enough to give her and her family for their daily subsistence. After months of hard thinking, and of rapidly growing financial obligations, Rosemarie clearly saw that her option was to be an OFW.
These problems caused her to be an OFW in Singapore in 1998. Since she worked there, she has kept her nose to the grindstone. Her mind has been focused on one thing and one thing alone: to earn more money for her family. But as years went by, Rosemarie started feeling there could be more if she worked than just being able to send paltry remittances to her family.
After 13 years, she wanted change. "Matagal na ako sa Singapore, wala pa ring nangyari. Wala pa rin akong alam sa paghawak ng finances, walang pundar at ipon, at di marunong, mag budget. Kaya naghangad ako ng pagbabago."
In her quest for change, Rosemarie became open to all possibilities of upgrading her skills and increasing her knowledge. Her desire to succeed in life gave her the courage to do difficult things. One such "difficult" thing for her was going back to school to learn financial management and entrepreneurship lessons.
During this period in her life, a friend invited Rosemarie to register for the Basic Entrepreneurship course offered by ASKI Global Ltd. She did not hesitate to sacrifice sitting in a class instead of resting or spending time with friends at Lucky Plaza. She was prepared to do anything to succeed so that she could be a better family provider.
Rosemarie finished the Basic Entrepreneurship and Financial Education courses offered by ASKI Global Ltd. in Singapore. She invested into public transport service in her hometown in Sta. Ana, Cagayan. Her business venture is now getting good returns.
Just as soon Rosemarie began enjoying her short-term lessons. She graduated in December 2010. Her efforts were rewarded. There is no doubt what has been written is true, that you reap what you sow. Rosemarie, put in time and effort. She gained knowledge and an entrepreneurship certificate.
"Malaki ang nabago sa buhay ko, natuto akong magbudget. Dati wala akong ipon. Pero ngayon ay iba na ako, natuto na akong magpalago ng negosyo because of what I learned from the course," she said.
After her entrepreneurship training she immediately put to good use her newly gained know- how and ventured into transport service. This time, she was more confident because of her formal training and education.
Rosemarie secured a P250,000 loan from ASKI Philippines to buy a van. This vehicle now operates as a public transport service in her province and has been able to provide the needs of her family. From her van's earnings, she was able to buy two fishing boats and recently acquired another public transport unit, a tricycle.
Her graduation from her short term course gave additional advantage. Her daughter decided to go back to school. "Nakita ng anak ko na si Jenie Jin ang aking graduation picture nang magtapos ako sa Basic Entrepreneurship Course, at nagkaroon siya ng inspirasyon na mag-aral uli, kasi nakita nya ako nan aka-toga at nasabi niyang gusto rin niyang makapagtapos ng pag-aaral," Rosemarie shares.
The cliche "if there is a will, there is a way" is realization in Rosemarie�s life. She follows her dream, works on it to be a reality and good things come. Now she�s rejoicing. From being a DH, she is now an emerging businesswoman and a successful beaming one.
"Matagal na ako sa Singapore, wala pa ring nangyari. Wala pa rin akong alam sa paghawak ng finances, walang pundar at ipon, at di marunong, mag budget. Kaya naghangad ako ng pagbabago."


text:
12/18/19 - NNHS Newsletter
Christmas Comes But Once a Year
"Let us remember that the Christmas heart is a giving heart, a wide-open heart that thinks of others first. The birth of the baby Jesus stands
as the most significant event in all history, because it has meant the pouring into a sick world of the healing medicine of love which has
transformed all manner of hearts for almost two thousand years... Underneath all the bulging bundles is this beating Christmas heart."
- George Matthew Adams
Our bonus video has nothing at all to do with today's Olde English Christmas carol, but it does interpret the general theme in a different and interesting way, sooooo - Merry Christmas!
BONUS - Christmas Comes But Once a Year - a Classic Cartoon from 1936
Happy Birthday today to James Strickland ('57)!
Happy Birthday tomorrow to Durwood Adams ('57) AND the late Suzie Bauz ('63) (d. 11/03/14)!
20 - Ellen Carney Manson ('63) of SC;
21 - Ray Stinnette ('63) of VA;
22 - Kitty Norman Haskins ('57) of VA AND Elliott Schlosser ('63) AND Dottie Pegram Daniels (NNHS / George Washington HS - '64) of WV AND Harry Barritt ('64) of VA AND Dale Mueller ('64) of VA AND Bill Rash ('67) of VA;
23 - Tom Flax ('64) of VA AND Joyce Lawrence Cahoon ('65) of VA AND Holly Hill Campbell (Hampton Roads Academy - '72) of VA;
24 - James Gay ('57) AND Ann W. Hutcheson ('57) AND Malcolm Davis ('65) of VA AND Sandye Jordan Frost ('67) of NC;
25 - Patsy Bloxom Meider ('57) of NC AND Doug Dickinson ('69) of VA!
December 18, 1939 - The Battle of the Heligoland Bight, the first major air battle of the war, took place.
December 18, 1944 - 77 B-29 Superfortress and 200 other aircraft of U.S. Fourteenth Air Force bombed Hankow, China, a Japanese supply base.
December 18, 1969 - Footballer Santiago Cañizares was born José Santiago Cañizares Ruiz in Madrid, Spain.
December 18, 1969 - Footballer and manager Justin Edinburgh was born Justin Charles Edinburgh in Basildon, Essex, England. He died there from cardiac arrest on 08 June 2019 at the age of 49.
December 18, 1969 - Race car driver Akira Iida (飯田 章) was born in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
December 18, 1969 - Pole vaulter and coach Charles Dvorak (b. Charles Edward Dvorak on 27 Nov 1878 in Chicago, Illinois) died in Seattle, Washington at the age of 91.
From My Friend, Susan, of NC - 12/17/14:
"As we seek Christ, as we find Him, as we follow Him, we shall have the Christmas spirit, not for one fleeting day each year, but as a companion always. We shall learn to forget ourselves. We shall turn our thoughts to the greater benefit of others."
- Thomas S. Monson, 1987
(21 Aug 1927 - 02 Jan 2018)
From Jimmy Dick ('65) of FL - 12/18/19, @ 6:30 AM:
Happy Hump Day, a day which this week is exactly one week from Christmas. At this time of day on Christmas morning in my earlier days, the house would be in perfect order with the tree looking good, lots of beautifully wrapped presents underneath and coffee brewing in the kitchen. But come seven, when the family arrived, all was destroyed within fifteen minutes with a room full of shredded paper and other wrapping materials. So, it was off to the dining room for my special scrambled egg breakfast. All was over by ten, except for the clean-up and dish washing from feeding twenty or so, and by eleven I was exhausted, having only received about two hours of sleep. A two hour nap was in order, then off to visit friends, coming home around dark to watch White Christmas, an annual event. Needless to say, I never made it through the entire movie for often I had to work the next day.
Today it's much quieter, but I am happy for the memories and to those of you who still have children in the house I have a tip. Don't rush it, they'll be gone soon enough. Enjoy them while they are with you, then the memories later will be wonderful. An early Merry Christmas to you all. Salvador says hi.
Thank you, Jimmy! Merry Christmas!
From Jean Poole Burton ('64) of RI - 12/16/19, 11:26 PM:
Thank you, Jean - as do I! Merry Christmas!
From Mary Massey Lyle ('61) of PA - 12/17/17:
EXACTAMUNDO! Thank you, Mary! Although they neglected to mention, "Good Yule" for Druids and "Happy Festivus" for the rest (of us ), and I personally prefer to extend the salutation to what the recipient is rather than what I am, they really nailed the closing thought: Say something nice to others, be thankful for kindly gestures towards you, and quit getting so easily offended!
"… If a person says or does something that we consider offensive, our first obligation is to refuse to take offense and then communicate privately, honestly, and directly with that individual. Such an approach invites inspiration from the Holy Ghost and permits misperceptions to be clarified and true intent to be understood." (David A. Bednar, "And Nothing Shall Offend Them," Ensign or Liahona, Nov. 2006, 91, 92).
By the way, Merry Christmas, Pretty Lady!
From Alice Menin Daniels ('62) of Northern VA - 12/16/18:
Thank you, Alice!
"Older people shouldn't eat health food, they need all the preservatives they can get."
- Robert Orben
(b. 04 Mar 1927)
From My Niece, Shari, of VA - 11/29/19, 9:29 AM - "Smiles & Crafts" (#18 in a Series of 19):
COOL! Thank you, Shari!
BONUS WINTER CROCHET PATTERN:
Nancy Anderson's Snowflake Pillow - "This stunning snowflake pillow will be enjoyed all winter long! Pillow cover is crocheted and snowflake motif is crochet separately then stitched in place."
BONUS WINTER RECIPES:
From Domi O'Brien ('64) of NH - 12/10/18 - "Gluten-Free Popovers":
Really simple.
Preheat the oven to 425. Grease a standard 12 cup muffin pan or a 6 cup popover pan heavily.
Measure 3/4 of a cup of King Arthur or Bob's Red Mill gluten-free 1 to 1 flour mix (contains xanthan gum; don't use one without it. Don't use gluten-free Bisquick or gluten-free "baking mix") and 1/4 cup cornstarch.
Add 1/2 teaspoon salt. Whisk together.
Add 1 and a quarter cups whole milk and 4 large eggs.
Pour batter into prepared pan. Bake for 25 minutes, reduce oven to 375 and leave in about 20 minutes more for muffin pan and about 30 more for popover pan.
You want it well-puffed, golden, and firm, with a big air space inside. (I am told it will NOT puff properly if you substitute nut milk or soy milk.) Serve hot!
Thank you, Domi! Good Yule to you and yours!
This is so fast and simple to make, it's long been a great favorite of mine. If you can tolerate the high sodium content, it might help you during the next few hectic days:
Hamburger Stroganoff
1 pkg. wide noodles
2 lbs. hamburger, browned & drained
1 can cream of mushroom soup
1 can cream of chicken soup 1 can cream of celery soup
1 pkg. dry onion soup mix
1 lg. container sour cream
Prepare noodles, rinse and drain. Add four soups to cooked hamburger; heat for 5 minutes. Add sour cream and heat for 5 minutes. Combine hamburger mixture with noodles.
- Carol Buckley Harty, Hillsboro, MO, 1984
Mr. Food's Gooey Amish Caramel Pie - "Got a sweet tooth? If you do, then our Gooey Amish Caramel Pie may just satisfy your cravings. The rich sweetness of the caramel mixed with the crunchy pecans goes perfectly with a scoop of vanilla ice cream on the side."
Mr. Food's Cherry Nut Cobbler - "Be ready for loads of compliments when you serve up this yummy Cherry Nut Cobbler. Lots of shortcuts make it easy for you, but they'll never know that you didn't really fuss!"
Me: "I just burned 2000 calories in 20 minutes."
Friend: "How?"
Me: "I forgot to take my brownies out of the oven."
2. Wednesday, January 08, 2020 -The NNHS Class of June 1942 meets at noon on the second Wednesday of every other month for a Dutch treat lunch at the James River Country Club, 1500 Country Club Road. PLEASE JOIN THEM. Give or take a few years makes no difference. Good conversation, food and atmosphere.
http://www.nnhs65.com/requests-prayers.html - updated 12/12/19
Christmasse Comes But Once a Year
Music: GREENSLEEVES (variant) §7255d
original harmonization from Christmasse in Merrie England, Marie Ruef Hofer, 1915
converted to SATB by CRB
Let's dance and sing and make good cheer,
For Christmasse comes but once a year,
Make merry now nor draw a tear,
So early in the Morning.
Then shout and sing till rafters ring,
For joy and mirth the seasons bring;
We'll welcome Father Christmasse in,
"Christmasse Comes But Once a Year" midi courtesy of http://www.santasearch.org/music.asp - 12/18/04
"Christmasse Comes But Once a Year" lyrics - and sheet music! - courtesy of http://christmassongbook.net/s7255d.asp -12/19/03
Angel clip art courtesy of http://d21c.com/AnnesPlace/Angels4.html - 12/18/04
Branch and Bells and Gold Bells Divider Lines clip art courtesy of http://d21c.com/AnnesPlace/Xmas5.html - 12/18/04
Army Seal clip art courtesy of Al Farber ('64) of GA - 05/24/06 (still missing...)
Thanks, Al!
Replaced by Norm Covert ('61) of MD - 02/09/09
Thanks, Norm!
Winter Ornaments courtesy of Wayne Agee of FL - 12/12/10
Thanks, Wayne!
Animated BOO-HOO courtesy of Glenn Dye ('60) of TX - 08/28/09
Thanks, Glenn!
Small Yule Log clip art courtesy of ??? - 12/22/06


text:
set -u

branch=master
delete_existing_machine=false
image_family=ubuntu-1404-lts
keep_machine=false
machine_name=
use_existing_machine=false

options="$(getopt --long build_branch:,centos,delete_existing_machine \
  --long image_family:,machine_name:,use_existing_machine \
  -o '' -- "$@")"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  echo "Usage: $(basename "$0") [options] -- [build_release.sh options]" >&2
  echo "  --build_branch=<branch>    mod_pagespeed branch to build" >&2
  echo "  --centos                   Shortcut for --image_family=centos-6" >&2
  echo "  --delete_existing_machine  If the VM already exists, delete it" >&2
  echo "  --image_family=<family>    Image family used to create VM" >&2
  echo "                             See: gcloud compute images list" >&2
  echo "  --machine_name             VM name to create" >&2
  echo "  --use_existing_machine     Re-run build on exiting VM" >&2
  exit 1
fi

set -e
eval set -- "$options"

while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
  case "$1" in
    --build_branch) branch="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --centos) image_family="centos-6"; shift ;;
    --delete_existing_machine) delete_existing_machine=true; shift ;;
    --image_family) image_family="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --keep_machine) keep_machine=true; shift ;;
    --machine_name) machine_name="$2"; shift 2 ;;
    --use_existing_machine) use_existing_machine=true; shift ;;
    --) shift; break ;;
    *) echo "getopt error" >&2; exit 1 ;;
  esac
done

if $use_existing_machine && $delete_existing_machine; then
  echo "Supply only one of --delete_existing_machine and" \
       "--use_existing_machine" >&2
  exit 1
fi

if ! type gcloud >/dev/null 2>&1; then
  echo "gcloud is not in your PATH. See: https://cloud.google.com/sdk/" >&2
  exit 1
fi

use_rpms=false

case "$image_family" in
  centos-*) image_project=centos-cloud ; use_rpms=true ;;
  ubuntu-*) image_project=ubuntu-os-cloud ;;
  *) echo "This script doesn't recognize image family '$image_family'" >&2;
     exit 1 ;;
esac

if [ -z "$machine_name" ]; then
  bit_suffix=
  for flag in "$@"; do
    if [ "$flag" = "--32bit" ]; then
      bit_suffix='-32'
      break
    fi
  done

  # gcloud is pretty fussy about machine names.
  sanitized_branch="$(tr _ - <<< "$branch" | tr -d .)"

  machine_name="${USER}-${image_family}${bit_suffix}"
  machine_name+="-${sanitized_branch}-mps-build${bit_suffix}"
fi

instances=$(gcloud compute instances list -q "$machine_name")
if [ -n "$instances" ]; then
  if $delete_existing_machine; then
    gcloud -q compute instances delete "$machine_name"
    instances=
  elif ! $use_existing_machine; then
    echo "Instance '$machine_name' already exists." >&2
    exit 1
  fi
fi

if [ -z "$instances" ] || ! $use_existing_machine; then
  gcloud compute instances create "$machine_name" \
    --image-family="$image_family" --image-project="$image_project"
fi

mkdir -p ~/release

# Display an error including the machine name if we die in the script below.
trap '[ $? -ne 0 ] && echo -e "\nBuild failed on $machine_name"' EXIT

gcloud compute ssh "$machine_name" -- bash << EOF
  set -e
  set -x
  if $use_rpms; then
    sudo yum -y install git redhat-lsb
  else
    sudo apt-get -y install git
  fi
  # CentOS 6's git is old enough that git clone -b <tag> doesn't work and
  # silently checks out HEAD. To be safe we use an explicit checkout below.
  git clone https://github.com/pagespeed/mod_pagespeed.git
  cd mod_pagespeed
  git checkout "$branch"
  install/build_release.sh $@
EOF

gcloud compute copy-files "${machine_name}:mod_pagespeed/release/*" ~/release/

if ! $keep_machine; then
  gcloud -q compute instances delete "$machine_name"
fi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cosmetic Dentistry in Meatpacking District, NY 10014
Optimize Your Smile: 4 Ways Cosmetic Dentistry Near Me in Meatpacking District, NY Can Work For You
Ever wonder if there are ways to improve your smile? Whether it's making your teeth whiter, having a crooked tooth straightened, covering your gaps, you are probably looking for options. Fortunately, Meatpacking District cosmetic dentistry services offer solutions for each of these concerns and more! In addition, there are many avenues you can take to change things up when you're talking about the world of cosmetic dentistry.
Damaged or decaying teeth can have a considerable impact on your smile, but did you know they can also affect your long-term dental health? A Cosmetic Dentistry Center in Meatpacking District, NY cosmetic dentist, has many options to choose from to correct the issue. Composite resins can be applied to the natural tooth to save a tooth that has chipped, cracked, or shown other signs of decay. This resin is matched to the color of your teeth, so it blends in with your natural teeth seamlessly. Your dentist then bonds it to your teeth and shapes it to fit the specific problem. While missing teeth can be replaced using cosmetic dentistry, it is always best to save the natural tooth whenever it is possible. However, when the natural tooth can't be saved, a New York cosmetic dentist can still help you save your smile by using crowns or dental implants.
To achieve a healthy mouth, you must first have healthy gums. Unfortunately, there are several things your modern life in New York can cause your gums to recede, and all of them have an enormous impact on the health of both your gums and teeth. Cosmetic Dentistry Center in Meatpacking District, NY cosmetic dentistry can correct a receding gum line with procedures like gum contouring or gum veneers.
In Manhattan, a sparkling smile can make all the difference in your first impressions. But it is how you feel on the inside that matters most. Cosmetic Dentistry Center located in Meatpacking District, NY cosmetic dentists can set you on the path to self-confidence.
Some information about Meatpacking District, NY
The Meatpacking District is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan that runs from West 14th Street south to Gansevoort Street, and from the Hudson River east to Hudson Street. The Meatpacking Business Improvement District extends these borders farther north to West 17th Street, east to Eighth Avenue, and south to Horatio Street.
A Native American trading station called 'Sapohanikan' was on the riverbank, which, accounting for landfill, was located about where Gansevoort Street meets Washington Street today. The footpath that led from Sapohanikan inland to the east became the foundation for Gansevoort Street, which by accident or design aligns, within one degree, to the spring and autumnal equinoxes. In recognition of this history, petitions were made to call the 14th Street Park 'Saphohanikan Park', although it appears no formal recognition was given.
The earliest development of the area now known as the Meatpacking District came in the mid-19th century. Before that it was the location of Fort Gansevoort and of the upper extension of Greenwich Village, which had been a vacation spot until overtaken by the northward movement of New York City. The irregular street patterns in the area resulted from the clash of the Greenwich Village street system with that of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which sought to impose a regular grid on the undeveloped part of Manhattan island.
Construction of residences in the neighborhood – primarily rowhouses and town houses, some of which were later converted into tenements – began around 1840, primarily in the Greek Revival style which was prominent at the time. By mid-century, with Fort Gansevoort replaced by freight yards of the Hudson River Railroad, a neighborhood developed which was part heavy industry and part residential – a pattern which was more typical of an earlier period in the city's history but which was becoming less usual, as industry and residences began to be isolated in their own districts. In the western portion of the neighborhood, heavy industry such as iron works and a terra cotta manufacturer could be found, while lighter industry such as carpentry and woodworking, lumber yards, paint works, granite works and a plaster mill blended into the residential area. At the time of the Civil War the part of the district west of Ninth Avenue and Greenwich Street and above 10th Street was the location of numerous distilleries making turpentine and camphene, a lamp fuel.
Learn more about Meatpacking District.
Useful links for Meatpacking District, NY
Open a Meatpacking District, NY map
Find the Meatpacking District, NY United States Post Office
Locate nearby Meatpacking District, NY pharmacies
View the current Meatpacking District, NY weather report
Browse a list of Meatpacking District, NY public and private schools
Meatpacking District, NY is located in New York county in New York State
Map of Meatpacking District, NY


Melvin Snurley is the Terror of Sawville and Gravy's biggest nemesis. In Sawville, there is only room for one scientific genius, and Melvin continually seeks to undermine every one of Gravy's creations. He works out of an underground bunker somewhere on the outskirts of Sawville, but the exact location is unknown. When he isn't tormenting Gravy or terrorizing Sawville, Melvin grooms award winning show cats, has a massive rock collection, and is the leader of the Lunarally Fan Club, a group preparing to inhabit the moon.


Competition melts by comparison to this well designed, McGinnis-built home in prestigious Harker Heights. Eye-catching facade and landscaping set this Bordeaux plan apart from its neighbors. Foyer leads to the Great Room, dominated by brick-faced fireplace. Cathedral ceiling, plant ledge w/indirect lighting and Schrank wall are welcomed features. Freshly painted walls dresses the formal dining area, twin windows capture an eye-pleasing view of the verdant backyard. 2-car garage with openers. New interior and exterior paint throughout in 2019, new tile flooring in Kitchen, Dining room, Master bath and Utility room. Kitchen updated with new sink, granite counters and backsplash. This one is priced to sell so come check it out!


text:
La Chasse au loup et au renard, également appelée Chasse au loup et au renard et Chasse aux loups et aux renards est un tableau de Pierre Paul Rubens actuellement conservé par le Metropolitan Museum of Art à New York. Peint vers 1616, La Chasse au loup et au renard marque le début d'une phase créative intense de Rubens autour du thème de la chasse. Il dépeint des chasseurs à pied et à cheval poursuivant deux loups et trois renards.

Contexte
Le thème de la chasse est très présent dans l'œuvre de Rubens, qui est considéré comme l'un des artistes ayant renouvelé ce genre sous-exploité depuis la Renaissance. Entre 1616 et 1621, Rubens peint une succession de scènes de chasse extrêmement dynamiques, dont la technique et la composition s'améliorent de tableau en tableau. Cette première période créative commence par La Chasse au loup et au renard pour culminer par La Chasse au lion de l'Alte Pinakothek.

Les tableaux de la première période montrent que Rubens a volontairement utilisé les codes des peintres de cour, en glorifiant la noblesse. En effet, la chasse est un symbole de ce statut social, puisqu'il sous-entend la possession d'importants terrains. C'est également une véritable passion pour de nombreux souverains d'Europe. Rubens est tout à fait conscient de l'intérêt suscité par ses peintures de chasse et a compris leur potentiel de vente auprès des classes dirigeantes. Toutefois, la créativité exprimée ne s'explique pas totalement par un but purement mercantile.

Selon Arnout Balis, les œuvres ultérieures sont plus formelles et routinières, jusqu'à la seconde période créative qui va de la fin des années 1620 à 1640.

Description
Au centre de la composition, deux loups sont entourés par des chasseurs et des chiens. Sur la gauche, deux rabatteurs les repoussent avec des piques. En arrière-plan, un jeune cavalier avec une lance à la main galope vers le spectateur. Deux autres chasseurs avancent, l'un armé d'une pique, l'autre soufflant dans une corne. Sur la droite et au premier plan, deux cavaliers, un homme tenant une épée et une femme montant en amazone et portant un faucon, se rapprochent des loups. Trois renards complètent le tableau : l'un sur la gauche tente de s'échapper, un est mort au centre du tableau et le dernier est piétiné par le cheval sur la droite.

Les trois cavaliers seraient Rubens, sa première épouse Isabella Brant, et leur fils Albert Rubens. Toutefois, cette identification, mise en avant au , est jugée douteuse par Arnout Balis. Albert Rubens n'avait que deux ans !

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Pierre Paul Rubens
 Metropolitan Museum of Art
 Chasse au loup

Liens externes

Bibliographie

Tableau de Pierre Paul Rubens
Tableau des années 1610
Chasse à cheval dans la peinture
Loup dans la peinture
Renard dans la peinture
Faucon dans la peinture
Œuvre conservée au Metropolitan Museum of Art

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia