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Lords: 4 March 2022
Taxis and Private Hire Vehicles (Safeguarding and Road Safety) Bill
Volume 819: debated on Friday 4 March 2022
Lord Borwick
That the Bill be now read a second time.
My Lords, I first must make my declarations of interest. I am currently the holder of a London taxi proprietor's licence, as I own a single London taxi and employ a taxi driver. In the past, I spent most of my business life in the taxi industry. I was chief executive and a big shareholder in Manganese Bronze Holdings plc, which manufactured, distributed and financed the traditional London taxi and developed the first mobile phone hailing system in the world, which became the first wheelchair-accessible public transport system. I will always be grateful to the late Sir Bert Massie and a fine civil servant, Ann Frye, for pushing me to do that. Later I was chairman of the company that adapted the Mercedes Vito to make a wheelchair-accessible London taxi. All those interests have now ceased.
The Taxis and Private Hire Vehicles (Safeguarding and Road Safety) Bill will improve public safety while travelling by these modes of transport. Taxi drivers throughout the country are great people generally. There are quality systems in place in almost all boroughs. This is desirable because the customer, the traveller, is in a uniquely vulnerable position. Passengers are often alone, often away from home in an area they do not know. The customer chooses the first empty taxi plying for hire and has no way of choosing their taxi driver. That puts a burden on the authorities to get the regulation right. In most parts of the world, among the top 10 problems to be faced is the number of complaints about taxis. In London and many other towns around the country, taxis are among the features that a mayor gets compliments about. Drivers are proud of their knowledge and most had a warm sense of achievement when a taxi driver won "Mastermind" on TV a few years ago. Of course, they knew that they could have achieved that prize if only they had tried.
The main focus of the Bill is on formalising information-sharing between taxi and private hire vehicle licensing authorities, specifically safeguarding and road safety concerns identified by other authorities. Ensuring that serious and credible concerns about a driver are shared will facilitate more considered licensing decisions as authorities will have greater access to the relevant facts. As noble Lords may know, the authorities responsible for taxi and private hire vehicle licensing in England are lower-tier and unitary authorities such as district councils. The exception to this is in London, where Transport for London is the licensing authority. These licensing authorities decide whether each applicant for a taxi or private hire vehicle driver's licence is fit and proper, and that is where this Bill can help.
In some areas, a phenomenon has occurred whereby a driver who loses his licence in one area reregisters with the adjacent licensing area and essentially carries on as before. It would be unreasonable to expect an authority to check each application manually with the other 275 licensing authorities for previous adverse history. So, it is the duty of the law, I suggest, to allow technology to perform this task instead. While the number of bad guys who get a taxi driver's licence is small, their importance is great because they jeopardise the whole system of regulation of quality.
It is important to note that the Bill would only make more information available to licensing authorities. It does not change the criteria under which licensing authorities make their decisions, nor does it tie a licensing authority into making a particular decision. Licensing authorities are currently required by legislation to keep records of the licences they have issued. They must also make this information available if asked for it, but there is no requirement to share information with other licensing authorities about the licences they have suspended, refused or revoked. There is a voluntary database, the national register of refusals and revocations, known as NR3, which some licensing authorities use. However, the use of this database is far from universal. This means that there remains the possibility that a driver deemed unsafe in one licensing area and who has their licence revoked may well reapply for a licence and successfully hide that decision from a different licensing authority.
I am sure the Minister will agree that this situation is unacceptable, and it is one of the issues the Bill seeks to address by ensuring universal usage. To do this, the Bill would mandate licensing authorities in England to record in a database decisions to suspend, revoke or refuse a licence which are based on specific safeguarding and road safety concerns. For privacy reasons, the Bill ensures that the reasons behind the licensing decision would not be recorded directly on to the database; instead, this information would be held separately by the relevant authority. Licensing authorities would be required to search the database for each applicant. Where an authority identifies a record on the database relating to their applicant, the Bill would require them to contact the authority that made the entry to gather the details of that decision. The authority would then be required to have regard to the information provided. To be clear, the licensing authority would not be bound by that original decision. In fact, licensing authorities can, and undoubtedly will, make different decisions for a variety of reasons. Therefore, a driver's inclusion on the database would not automatically preclude them from gaining a taxi or private hire vehicle driver's licence.
The Bill gives licensing authorities access to more information relevant to their decision, which will help them to make the right decision. That decision may be to grant the applicant a licence. As noble Lords will have seen, the Bill builds timescales into that process to ensure that information is provided promptly, so that the process does not unduly delay a driver's application. The database itself would be designated by the Secretary of State for Transport. This means that the Bill could mandate a database already in use, such as the national register to which I referred earlier. Although the cost of such a database is not expected to be significant, the Bill allows the database operator to charge a fee to licensing authorities to cover the associated administrative costs. The fees can be charged only if the Secretary of State has agreed the fee level.
The other key issue the Bill seeks to address is the safeguarding and road safety concerns an authority may have about taxi and private hire vehicle drivers working in their area but licensed in another. Again, the Bill does not grant any new powers; it seeks only to ensure the sharing of relevant information in a timely manner. As noble Lords may know, drivers can undertake pre-booked journeys in areas other than the one in which they are originally licensed. However, only the licensing authority that issued a driver's licence can revoke or suspend it. This means that, where a driver is suspected of acting in an unsafe manner in one licensing authority's area but is licensed elsewhere, the local authority is reliant on the authority which issued the licence to take action against that driver. While it is expected that one licensing authority would act on another's concerns, the Bill would seek to formalise the process of reporting serious and credible safeguarding and road safety concerns. It would do so by requiring licensing authorities in England to share with the relevant authority concerns they have about drivers licensed in other areas.
The Bill acknowledges that drivers need protection from vexatious or frivolous complainants, but safety is rightly at the heart of the Bill, and drivers must be able to continue to earn a living where it is safe for them to do so. To achieve this balance, the concerns would have to be related to safeguarding or road safety concerns, as set out in the first clause of the Bill. The concerns would have to be serious and credible enough that the licensing authority would have considered suspending or revoking the driver's licence were they one of their licensed drivers.
Where a licensing authority in England receives a safeguarding or road safety concern from another authority about a driver it has licensed, the Bill would require it to consider whether to suspend or revoke the licence. The authority must make its decision and inform the reporting licensing authority within 20 working days of its reasons. This would provide important clarity and consistency for licensing authorities on the action they must take when concerns are raised about a driver licensed in another area.
It might be said, as is so often, that this Bill should have progressed many years ago. Noble lords may surprise me and the Minister with some analysis which reveals a flaw we have not spotted. I am not sure that I look forward to that—but we are told that there is no room in the legislative agenda for amendments to the Bill and that, if any are promulgated, it will fail. That would be a shame.
The point has been made that there are several other ways in which the taxi industry can be improved by further legislation. My honourable friend in another place, Nickie Aiken, the Member for Cities of London and Westminster, has done great work on trying to solve the problems of pedicabs in London. Alas, this Bill is not the place to achieve that. The Bill has had widespread support in another place. It was first proposed by Daniel Zeichner, the Labour MP for Cambridge, and this particular incarnation was proposed and delivered by my honourable friend Peter Gibson, the excellent MP for Darlington. Perusal of Hansard reveals the enormous amount of work he did to progress it. On this lonely Friday afternoon, I hope that we in our House can do justice to the aspiration outlined by Peter Gibson to help travellers in his constituency and elsewhere.
The Bill should be seen for what it is: a vital next step to improve public safety when travelling. It does not grant new powers but, through sharing of relevant information, it makes better use of those which exist. I beg to move.
Baroness Brinton
(LD) [V]
My Lords, I declare my interest as a vice-president of the Local Government Association and as a disabled person who uses an electric wheelchair. I have used taxis across the United Kingdom. I congratulate the noble Lord, Lord Borwick, Peter Gibson MP and, before him, Daniel Zeichner MP on this Private Member's Bill, which will make a key improvement to the experience of vulnerable passengers and to how licensing authorities can keep them safe. I shall focus on two areas: passengers assaulted by drivers, and disabled people refused a service by drivers despite the requirements under the law.
Assault by a driver is a very serious offence. Drivers are in a position of trust but too often there are incidents that have placed passengers at risk, or worse. I am sure Members of your Lordships' House are aware of the cab driver John Worboys, who received two life sentences for a number of rapes and assaults: it is now believed he committed more than 100 offences against women using his cab to trap them. More recently, a predatory London private-hire driver raped a passenger and sexually assaulted two other women, and in 2019 police were looking for a London taxi driver who allegedly assaulted a passenger by braking excessively and causing them to fall off their seat during an argument in his cab.
I now turn to disabled people. Watford Borough Council—my local council— has an excellent public notice on the legal rights of disabled passengers using taxis and minicabs, which followed a series of complaints that drivers were refusing to take disabled passengers. It then surveyed disabled passengers and ran a mystery-shopper exercise to test the system. It was shocked at the results, but I am not surprised.
My own experience occurred about five years ago after leaving your Lordships' House one cold winter's evening. I live one mile from Watford station, and I arrived after 11 pm. My wheelchair battery was too low to get me home and it was sleeting. There were two wheelchair-accessible taxis in the queue, and both refused to take me, the first saying that he did not want to get out of his cab and get cold and wet, and the second saying that it was not worth it for such a short journey. There were no other accessible cabs available. One of the other drivers remonstrated with these two, who just refused to help, and I had no option at that hour but to go home, very slowly, pausing for long periods to try to preserve the battery life. It died around 250 metres from home, and I then had to get out—luckily, I can walk—and I had to push my big, 90-kilogram chair home. I am sorry to say that my experience of being refused a journey was not unusual, and I have travelled around the UK relying on taxis that frequently ignore the law. I am looking forward to hearing the contribution from the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, who may well have similar experiences where guide dogs have been refused.
Watford Council's problem is that these drivers were not licensed by their own authorities, for reasons set out very helpfully in the briefing from the Local Government Association. Can the Minister and the noble Lord, Lord Borwick, tell us if the breaching of the law on taking disabled passengers is enough to qualify for this Bill? I am rather hoping that it is.
The wider safeguarding issues relating to drivers who assault or threaten passengers, which I raised at the start of my speech, are equally important: every other part of our lives aims to provide safeguarding practice to prevent people who are known to provide a risk to the public from being put in positions of trust. The reporting of drivers of concern has not kept pace with the lifting of restrictions for taxis plying for trade, which used to do so only in their licensing areas. This Bill will change that. A duty will be placed on local authorities to report serious safeguarding or road-safety concerns relating to a different council that has licensed that driver. I particularly want to see a formal—not voluntary—central register of drivers who are thought to be a sufficiently credible and serious risk that would put the driver at risk of having their licence suspended or revoked, or who have had their licence revoked, to prevent drivers trying to play the system, as outlined by the noble Lord, Lord Borwick.
This Private Member's Bill introduced by the noble Lord, Lord Borwick, will close this loophole; but I also agree with the LGA's proposal that the Department for Transport should bring forward a taxi and private hire vehicle licensing reform Bill to replace all the current outdated legislation and to modernise the licensing system for taxis and PHVs. This is vital for both passengers and drivers. I recognise, however, that this is not a matter for today, and I support this Bill's clear and limited aims, and wish it well in its passage to becoming law.
Lord Holmes of Richmond
My Lords, it is a pleasure to take part in this Second Reading. I congratulate my noble friend Lord Borwick and Peter Gibson MP on getting us to this stage. I will not, in any sense, spare my noble friend's blushes: what he did for accessibility of all London taxis is as much as anybody has done positively for accessible transport. It made a difference to this capital; it made a difference to transport; it made a difference to accessibility right across this country and right around the world. International cities look to London and what he—and thus we—did, and it is an absolutely fabulous testament to his work that this was achieved. What is my noble friend the Minister's view on where accessibility is likely to go in London if we do not hold strong to that which the noble Lord, Lord Borwick, set in place so many years ago?
I support the Bill, which is clear and concise. It is about safety, and that has to be a thoroughly good thing. Cabbies are a cornerstone of communities up and down this country, carrying in passengers' shopping and looking out for people. The most striking example is that it was local cab drivers who first alerted the authorities to the horrors of Harold Shipman.
I have two brief questions for my noble friend the Minister. First, where are the Government on having a national database, which could be built on new technologies such as distributed ledger technologies so that it could operate in real time, be immutable and, in this sense, be a thoroughly positive force? Secondly, how quickly can drivers who are mistakenly put on the current register, for a number of reasons, address and correct those details?
As we are talking taxis today, I take the opportunity to go a little wider, first on issues of accessibility. What data do the Government gather on how often disabled people are refused from taxis? I have certainly had the experience, in London and across the country, of being refused service when travelling with my guide dog. Here is the thing: it does not matter how many times it happens; when you experience refusal and discrimination, it is not a cerebral experience—you feel it in your heart and your gut.
Secondly, I turn to some of the things that seem to be happening with so-called shared space. Is it sane, consistent and coherent for taxis to be excluded from areas where buses and cycles are allowed to go? I cite Tottenham Court Road in London, where cabs are not allowed for the vast majority of the hours of the day. How can I and the noble Baroness, Lady Brinton, get to meetings in areas such as Tottenham Court Road? Cabs are banned from Bank Junction but buses and cycles are allowed through. Cabs have never been involved in an accident at Bank Junction. As my noble friend is the Minister responsible for TfL, I ask her to lay out what exactly is going on.
Across London boroughs, roads are similarly closed to cabs. In Kensington and Chelsea it is fine—you can get around the borough in a cab, no problem. In other London boroughs, roads are closed to cabs but available to buses. How can it be that those roads allow a diesel bus but not an electric cab?
Further, what is the public policy situation? Why do we not cherish our cab services up and down the country, as we should? Why do we not see them more clearly in public policy as an absolutely key part of public transport?
I support the Bill, which is good for safety, disabled people and all people. Hail taxis!
Lord Bassam of Brighton
My Lords, what a pleasure it is to follow the speech of the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, on this topic. First I congratulate the noble Lord, Lord Borwick, on sponsoring and leading on the Bill, as well as his honourable friend in another place Peter Gibson and my honourable friend Daniel Zeichner on his earlier work.
As expertly set out by the noble Lord, the purpose of the Bill is to increase the safety of passengers by introducing new checks on taxi and private hire drivers. For that very reason, we welcome the measures contained in the Bill. Specifically, as I understand it, the Bill would oblige taxi and private hire vehicle licensing authorities to submit information about refusals, suspensions and revocations of driver licences to a national database. Licensing authorities would have to check the database before making licensing decisions. That seems both logical and very sensible.
At present, all licensing authorities require DBS checks, but these reveal only prosecutions. Many unacceptable incidents do not lead to charges or even to police involvement. The important thing about the Bill is that it brings co-ordination to the national licensing system, something long overdue.
The Bill would create an additional check by allowing the sharing of other relevant information, by requiring licensing authorities to keep registers of licences issued and to make this information available on request. Supporters of the Bill have said that although the main focus is protecting the public, it will also benefit drivers by boosting their reputation and providing an important measure of comfort—and, more than that, confidence—for taxi service users.
I hardly need to say this but, a year on from the tragic murder of Sarah Everard, nobody needs reminding that we must do all we can to enhance public protection, particularly of people in a position of vulnerability. The noble Baroness, Lady Brinton, referred to some very useful examples to suggest how this measure may be of value and use in ensuring that we do not let a few rogue drivers into the taxi-driving profession. It must be said that the taxi trade is generally well regulated. Taxi drivers offer millions of examples every day of being the very best in providing a public service, which most of us use without a second thought because they are, as the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, has told us, trusted and friendly. They are of course never short of offering their opinions and worldview on more or less every topic.
I share in the points made by the noble Lord, Lord Holmes, about the need for greater accessibility and protections for those who are disabled and vulnerable users of taxi services. I also share his aspiration for taxi services to be seen much more in the light of being a public service, rather than a private add-on. We need legislation that perhaps modernises the framework in which taxis and private hire operators work.
I have one question of the Bill's sponsors; I am sure it is something I have missed. Will the Bill cover Uber service providers? I have assumed that it will but would welcome reassurance on that point. My guess is that the taxi trade as a whole would welcome that assurance too, because it believes in a level playing field and Uber offers what is, after all, a national service.
Labour has supported the Bill through the House of Commons and we will continue to support the measure in your Lordships' House today. I wish it well from here.
The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Department for Transport
(Baroness Vere of Norbiton) (Con)
My Lords, I too thank my noble friend Lord Borwick for bringing forward this Bill, which the Government wholeheartedly support. I am also so grateful for the support expressed for the Bill by my noble friend Lord Holmes, the noble Baroness, Lady Brinton, and the noble Lord, Lord Bassam. I think we would all pay tribute to my honourable friend Peter Gibson, the Member for Darlington, for successfully steering the Bill through from the other place to your Lordships' House.
My noble friend Lord Borwick, with his incredible experience in the area of taxis—I was not aware of quite how much he had done for accessibility and am grateful to my noble friend Lord Holmes for reminding us of that—has very ably set out the purpose of this fairly narrow Bill. As I said, the Government support it and are very keen to see its provisions in place as soon as possible. But I am standing here as the Government and, although we support the Bill, I would like to address a few things in the wider taxi and PHV space.
My noble friend Lord Holmes talked about taxis and PHVs as public transport and, to an extent, the Government agree. We see them as an integral part of the wider transport network. Any good local authority will think incredibly carefully about how these vital services are able to reach people and then drop them off at their destinations, particularly those who are disabled and others who may be vulnerable. Taxis and PHVs are licensed and enforced by over 270 different authorities. Many agree that that is too many and may lead to inconsistencies and a greater risk of failure.
In the levelling-up White Paper which we published on 2 February, we announced that we would explore transferring the responsibility for licensing taxis and PHVs to upper-tier and combined authorities in England. One benefit of reducing the number of licensing authorities from around 276 to just over 80 could be increased consistency in licensing standards. A second would be that licensing would be in the hands of the same authorities that draft local transport plans; I think that makes perfect sense and look forward to progressing those proposals. In the context of such large numbers of licensing authorities, the Government are very focused on consistency in licensing and enforcement and raising standards, particularly with regard to safeguarding across the sector.
In 2017, we commissioned the task and finish group on taxi and private hire vehicle licensing to consider the adequacy and efficiency of the legislation and guidance and to make recommendations to address the priority issues. The Government responded to that report in 2019. We committed to legislate when parliamentary time permits to set national minimum standards in licensing, introduce national enforcement powers and establish a national licensing database to include all driver, vehicle and operator licensing information. That remains our intention.
In the meantime, however, the Government have published the Statutory Taxi and Private Hire Vehicle Standards, which clearly set out what licensing authorities should do to safeguard children and adults. I have written to licensing authorities many times since the publication of the statutory standards to emphasise their importance and ensure that authorities are moving quickly to improve their safeguarding policies. One aspect of the statutory standards strongly recommends the use of information-sharing tools in licensing, specifically the national register of refusals and revocations, also known as NR3. Uptake and use of NR3 has been good and has been growing—I get literally monthly updates, so I can see what is happening—but it is not yet universal. That is why this Bill will help us to make sure that the usage of that or an equivalent database is mandatory. Essentially, the Bill mandates the existing direction of travel to improve safeguarding.
The next step for the department is to update the best practice guidance, and there will be a consultation on that shortly. It will cover licensing, enforcement and accessibility, including a strong recommendation that every driver be required to complete disability awareness training. We recognise that taxis and PHVs are a vital mode of transport for many people with disabilities, and I was appalled to hear about the experience of the noble Baroness, Lady Brinton, at her local station. She asked a specific question about the interrelationship between refusing to take a disabled passenger and this Bill. I will write to her on that and other matters that have been raised, because I am looking at the time and I know that I am well over.
Finally, on my noble friend Lord Holmes' point about taxi access on certain roads, it is true that I am the Minister for TfL and, indeed, the Minister for every highway authority in the country. Local highway authorities are responsible for determining how road space is allocated, and of course they must be responsive to local communities. I encourage anyone who has an issue with what a local highway authority is doing to get in touch with them.
To close, I am grateful to my noble friend Lord Borwick. I look forward to the passage of this Bill, and I hope that it can pass into legislation as soon as possible.
My Lords, I know we are short of time, but I have a brief question for the Minister before she sits down. Regarding authorities for streets such as Tottenham Court Road and other areas that refuse taxis, thus making them inaccessible for disabled people, does she agree that that is a prima facie breach of equalities legislation and their public sector equality duty? I am happy if she wants to write on that subject.
Baroness Vere of Norbiton
I am very grateful to my noble friend for giving me the opportunity to write to him on that.
My Lords, I thank all noble Lords who have spoken in support of the Bill this afternoon, particularly the noble Baroness, Lady Brinton. Assault and refusal by drivers are exactly the sort of comments that would be added to the database and are relevant to the discussion as to whether that driver gets a new licence.
Of course, the range of wheelchairs carried by taxis nowadays varies enormously. We found that the type of wheelchair used most is, in fact, a baby buggy. Indeed, as we age over the years, it is possible to say that we all spend time in wheelchairs, and we are lucky if we do so only at the very beginning of our lives. But it is terribly important that disabled people be able to get a wheelchair-accessible taxi everywhere. A long time ago, I think in the original Disability Discrimination Act brought in some 20 years ago, the enabling legislation for statutory instruments to make all taxis wheelchair accessible was put in, so they await the moment when those statutory instruments are brought forward.
On false accusations, which was mentioned by my noble friend Lord Holmes, there is of course still the opportunity for such accusations to be appealed against by the taxi driver and dealt with through the appeals system in each borough. In answer to the noble Lord, Lord Bassam, all Uber vehicles are licensed as private hire vehicles, so they are covered by the Bill.
I thank noble Lords very much for their help, and I beg to move.
Bill read a second time and committed to a Committee of the Whole House.


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The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma's Veterans Meetings are held the first Tuesday of every month at Noon in the Courtroom at the Multi-Purpose building in the Tribal Complex. All Iowa Tribal Member Veterans are encouraged to participate in these meetings. If you have any questions, please call Renee Hagler at (405) 547-2402, ext. 233.


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Cordia mandimbana är en strävbladig växtart som beskrevs av E.S. Martins. Cordia mandimbana ingår i släktet Cordia, och familjen strävbladiga växter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Strävbladiga växter
mandimbana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Homicide Unit evaluates all homicide warrant requests presented by the various police agencies that serve Wayne County. All homicide warrant requests are initially reviewed by one of the prosecutors in the Homicide Unit. Where appropriate, the request may then be forwarded to another unit, such as CFAB, for evaluation and decision.
The cases handled in this unit range from vehicular homicides of all types (hit-and-run, alcohol related, road rage, etc.) through multi-victim, multi-defendant, gangland or drug-related executions. Prosecutors in the Homicide Unit are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to assist police with criminal investigations. They are regularly called upon through the workday, as well as after hours, to provide legal advice and direction, to review search warrants and other documents, and to conduct witness interviews, where necessary, to preserve critical testimony that might otherwise be lost. A significant number of homicide cases involve complex legal and evidentiary issues and require testimony from experts in many scientific fields.


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Kocham Tomaszów – bezpłatny półrocznik samorządowy wydawany przez Urząd Miasta Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego.

Charakterystyka
Pismo zastąpiło po 2014 roku "Nową Gazetę Tomaszowską". Ze względu na wzrastającą popularność mediów społecznościowych Urząd Miasta zdecydował się również na zmianę częstotliwości ukazywania się  swojego pisma. "NGT" była miesięcznikiem, "Kocham Tomaszów" jest półrocznikiem. Urząd Miasta prowadzi również profil na Facebooku o tym samym tytule. Na początku września 2021 roku profil obserwowało ponad 13 tysięcy osób. Tytuł półrocznika "Kocham Tomaszów" tworzy cześć loga promocyjnego Tomaszowa, przedstawionego w połowie 2015 roku. Zawartość papierowego wydania "Kocham Tomaszów" stanowią informacje i stanowiska Urzędu Miasta na temat bieżących problemów w Tomaszowie, kalendarium nadchodzących imprez kulturalno–rozrywkowych, porady prawne a również – zwykle jeden – wywiad. Na przedostatniej stronie redakcja przedstawia skład Rady Miasta wraz z podpisanymi zdjęciami radnych. Gazeta wykładana jest w urzędach podległych magistratowi, ale również w popularnych obiektach handlowych, jak handlowa "Galeria Tomaszów"

Zobacz też
 Tomnaszowski Informator Tygodniowy

Przypisy

Czasopisma w języku polskim
Czasopisma wydawane od 2004
Półroczniki w Polsce
Prasa w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim


Interpretation of quantitative research data is an area in which a systematic method of approaching data and a great deal of common sense are the two most useful attributes. The first step is to go through all the tables one by one looking at the statistics. What do the descriptive statistics indicate about the characteristics of the market?
■ Frequencies, percentages, averages, dispersion?
■ When a difference is seen between two related statistics, is it a significant difference?
■ Older people from younger?
■ When there is no difference, is that significant?
■ If it is statistically different, will it matter anyway?
■ What relationships exist within the data using techniques of correlation and regression?
The purpose of the analysis is to uncover whatever is relevant and significant in the data; for instance, to isolate trends, tendencies or new factors in such things as competition, market structure, consumer habits or external variables. Interpretation should draw out implications of the data for management policy and action in the present and in the future. It should also highlight indicators based on this survey by which to monitor and assess the results of any action proposed. Interpretation of the data should also identify any weaknesses in the database and point these out if real assistance is to be given to the decision maker.
Within the marketing research industry there are two schools of thought about the interpretation of marketing research data. One school suggests that the role of the marketing researcher is simply to collect, analyse and report on the data without drawing interpretation for management policy or action. Only in this way can the researcher's objectivity be preserved and freedom be left for management to act on data as it sees fit. The other school of thought suggests that the researcher who has been involved in deciding what data is to be collected, with its collection and its subsequent analysis, will have developed ideas about the implications of the data for the decision to be made. Those ideas should be transmitted to the research user as recommendations. It is up to the research buyer to indicate at the outset whether or not he or she is looking for guidance on possible action as part of the interpretative process.


text:
Sam Taylor-Johnson OBE
© Sam Taylor-Johnson OBE
Sam Taylor-Johnson OBE born 1967
Video, 4 projections, colour and sound (mono)
Killing Time is a four-screen video installation, commissioned in 1994 by The Showroom, London. It was produced in an edition of three; Tate owns the second in the edition. The work is usually displayed in a room with one projection on each of the four walls so that the images surround the viewer. When it was first installed at The Showroom, because of the unusual dimensions of the space, two projections were installed in each of the gallery's two rooms.
Each video is a long, unbroken shot of a young man or woman, seated alone in a minimally furnished modern domestic interior. The installation is accompanied by a soundtrack of Richard Strauss's one-act opera Elektra, 1909, based on the ancient Greek tragedy of the same name by Euripides (c.480-406 BC). The figures, dressed casually in t-shirts and jeans or trousers, lip-synch along with the recording, each taking a different character's part. The eponymous heroine of Strauss's opera is a young woman driven by an obsessive desire to avenge the death of her father, murdered by her mother Clytemnestra and her mother's lover, Aegisth. The opera consists of a series of emotionally fraught encounters between Elektra and the other principle characters leading to a bloody denouement in which her brother Orestes kills Clytemnestra and Aegisth. Her wish fulfilled, Elektra begins a frenzied dance before collapsing and dying, overcome with her own ecstatic rage.
As its plot suggests, Elektra expresses grand passions, its characters at the mercy of intense emotional and psychological states: it is operatic in the commonplace sense of the word. By contrast, the men and women in Taylor-Wood's videos are bored, sitting around in unremarkable rooms, occasionally smoking, stretching, looking at their watches or staring at the ceiling while waiting for their next cue. They make no attempt to replicate the passion of the singers on the soundtrack.
After completing a BA in Fine Art at Goldsmiths College, London in 1990, Taylor-Wood worked for a year in the wardrobe department at the Royal Opera House, and she has talked about how that experience affected her practice (Ferguson, pp.47-48). Operatic music was piped throughout the backstage areas of the House constantly, giving the most banal tasks a dramatic soundtrack. Killing Time replicates the sense of disjunction Taylor-Wood felt listening to the music of composers such as Richard Wagner (1813-83) as she went about her various tasks. She has used classical music in other video works, including Brontosaurus, 1995 (Tate T07545) which also plays on the contrast between music, Samuel Barber's solemn Adagio for Strings, 1936, and image, the awkward yet graceful slow motion footage of a naked man dancing to techno music.
Killing Time sets up a similar disjunction between the banality of the everyday and the searing passion of music. The juxtaposition of visual and aural elements suggests that the music is a kind of soundtrack of the unconscious; that beneath the calm, ordinary surface, primal desires are raging. Taylor-Wood describes this dichotomy as 'the collision of high and low culture; my friends lolling about at home shot on cheap video matched with this operatic music, something that is so elite and fantastic, set so high up in our cultural stratosphere' (quoted in Carolin, 'Interview with Sam Taylor-Wood,' in Sam Taylor-Wood, n.p.). The double meaning extends to the title: Killing Time refers both to Taylor-Wood's characters passing time and to the murderous acts of the opera whose libretto they mouth.
Waldemar Januszczak and Will Self, Sam Taylor-Wood, exhibition catalogue, Kunsthalle Zurich and Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, 1998, reproduced pp.15-17 (stills).
Clare Carolin, Michael Bracewell and Jeremy Millar, Sam Taylor-Wood, exhibition catalogue, Hayward Gallery, London 2002, reproduced pp.18-23 in colour (stills).
Bruce Ferguson, 'Sam Taylor-Wood,' Bomb, no.65 (Fall 1998), pp.42-50.
Does this text contain inaccurate information or language that you feel we should improve or change? We would like to hear from you.
Authenticity, Change and Loss in the Conservation of Time-Based Media Installations
Pip Laurenson
This paper focuses on three concepts central to the theory of conservation: authenticity, change and loss. These terms are explored …
emotions and human qualities(5,366)
boredom(50)
universal concepts(6,471)
contrast(177)
interiors(4,562)
domestic(1,823)
interior - non-specific(850)
leisure and pastimes(7,669)
music and entertainment(2,170)
singing(76)
literature and fiction(3,157)
film, music and ballet(374)
opera: Strauss, Richard, 'Elektra'(1)
literature (not Shakespeare)(2,297)
Euripedes, 'Elektra'(1)
objects(23,378)
clothing and personal items(5,986)
T-shirt(28)
actions: postures and motions(9,220)
head in hand / hands(273)
sitting(3,372)
woman(9,056)
lifestyle and culture(10,260)
high art(60)
popular culture(61)
Sam Taylor-Johnson OBE Brontosaurus
Jane Wilson, Louise Wilson Gamma
Phil Collins they shoot horses
Tracey Emin The Perfect Place to Grow
Tracey Emin Tracey Emin C.V. Cunt Vernacular
Isaac Julien Vagabondia
Steve McQueen Caribs' Leap/Western Deep
Breda Beban The Most Beautiful Woman in Gucha
Ian Breakwell The Other Side
On display at Tate Modern part of The Tanks
Sarah Lucas Human Toilet Revisited
Gillian Wearing CBE Confess All On Video. Don't Worry You Will Be in Disguise. Intrigued? Call Gillian Version II
Pipilotti Rist I'm Not The Girl Who Misses Much
Tracey Emin Monument Valley (Grand Scale)
Sam Taylor-Johnson OBE Soliloquy II


Yes! Finally! After months of deadlines and a long list of tasks, stress and maybe even some sleepless nights, your vacation finally starts and you're FREE!
You have activated your automatic Out Of Office reply and, during your vacation, you are going to do absolutely nothing work- or school-related, and focus on renewing yourself with loads of positive energy.
You know that feeling, right? The feeling that things will be much better when you go back to work with your newfound insight and energy?
But, how do you hold onto that great feeling and keep the positive vibes alive when you get back to your job or your studies?
Try these seven tips to keep the vacation feeling alive when you return to the real world.
Eat, drink, repeat. During a vacation, your days have a different rhythm. You eat different foods at different times; you wake up at a different time, and stay up later doing new, exciting activities (much different from your routine work schedule). Try adding these new habits into your normal routine when you return home. For instance, take time to cook a proper meal; use a variety of ingredients and try new recipes. If you can do it during a vacation, you can do it anytime. Buy a cookbook from the region where you vacationed and try some different taste adventures to stay inspired.
Turn your phone off. You can do it! And leave your watch by the bed. Forget about time and allow yourself to really have fun. That means that when you go to the gym/ football field/ yoga class, you forget the phone and just WORK OUT!
Have fun with family and friends. Set aside time to see family and friends on a regular basis and take your time when you visit. That old pal you haven't seen for two years? Pick up your phone and set a date to catch up!
Find time to do things that make you feel good. During a vacation, you're usually doing things that make you feel good. Do more of this when you're not on vacation. Ask yourself, "What is something that would make me very happy today?"
Schedule "Me-Time" Moments. With this tip, doing less is more. Carve out time regularly to do nothing. What I do for myself is create a "me-time" moment. Three times a week in my free time, for just ten minutes, I do absolutely NOTHING important at all. I turn off my phone and do what I want (that sometimes simply means closing my eyes but not sleeping). How long you allow yourself to do nothing is up to you.
Try something different and get energized. On your lunch break, get out and take a walk or ride a bike. And after work, why not learn a foreign language, bake muffins for your colleagues or tackle something outside your comfort zone?
Keep a journal during your vacation. Write down your good ideas, happy thoughts and bright insights. Not much of a writer? Record a voice memo on your smart phone. When your vacation is over, you still can look up the good stuff and reconnect with those positive feelings. Of course, you can keep writing in your journal after your vacation is over to add more good ideas, along with the upbeat energy.
There are plenty more ways to keep that "happy vacation feeling" all the time. For starters, you could make sure you get enough sleep every night and begin planning your next vacation. Be sure to use the tips above, and also create your own list to maintain that free time state of mind.
That's it for now—I hope these tips will help you to keep the good vibes alive long after your vacation ends.


Produced and mixed by Smash and Dash, except *produced and mixed by Yin and Yang.
I haven't listened to Twilight Singers'"Black is the Color of My True Love's Hair" yet but I must recomend the cover of that song included on Sally Doherty And The Sumacs wonderful album "Black is the colour" (2002). Has anyone listened to it?
'domani' has quickly become one of my favorite songs dulli has ever penned, and a wonderful song to belt out in the car or under the influence of whiskey. buy this ep on site.


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Q: How to Deal with Inaccurate MSMQ Performance Counters I have a private queue. I am using the following code to efficiently return the number of messages in the queue.
    var queuePath = _queue.Path; //_queue is a System.Messaging.MessageQueue object
    if (queuePath.StartsWith("."))
    {
        queuePath = System.Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("COMPUTERNAME") + queuePath.Substring(1);
    }
    var queueCounter = new PerformanceCounter("MSMQ Queue","Messages in Queue",queuePath.ToLower(),true);

This code usually works but it appears to be sometimes wrong (i.e. the value lags the actual length).  How can I force an MSMQ Queue counter to be up-to-date?
My test data inserts two items and then checks the length. If I step through it the value is correct but if I run it at full speed, the count comes back as zero.
Is there a better way than a Performance Counter for this purpose?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How many there is Christians in Trinidad and Tobago?
How big is the proportion of Christians in Trinidad and Tobago?
Which is the main religion in Trinidad and Tobago?
PROPORTION OF BUDDHISTS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN How big is the proportion of Buddhists in Latin America and the Caribbean?
PROPORTION OF JEWS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN How big is the proportion of Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean?
PROPORTION OF MUSLIMS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN How big is the proportion of Muslims in Latin America and the Caribbean?
PROPORTION OF UNAFFILIATED IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN How big is the proportion of Unaffiliated in Latin America and the Caribbean?
NUMBER OF UNAFFILIATED IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO How many there is Unaffiliated in Trinidad and Tobago?
NUMBER OF FOLK RELIGION IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO How many there is Folk religion in Trinidad and Tobago?


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As its name suggests, the Hotel Bellevue Dubrovnik has stunning views of dramatic coastline. Whether you choose to relax or to explore Dubrovnik, this stylish boutique hotel is an ideal choice. The hotel is located a pleasant ten minute walk from the walled Old Town of Dubrovnik. It is carved into the cliff side and has a lovely small pebble beach tucked away where you can relax in the sun. Rooms are decorated with neutral shades and wooden floors, and floor to ceiling windows show off perfect views of the stunning Dalmatian coast. Enjoy dining in Vapor, the hotel's signature seafood restaurant or at Nevera Beach restaurant, either way you can be assured of a fabulous view as well as great food.
A range of hotel child prices applies to ages 0-1 & 2-11 years.
The hotel has 91 rooms.
Floor to ceiling windows mean you can enjoy a coffee or a cocktail whilst looking out over Miramare Bay. The décor features subtle Asian accents with dark wood furniture and a unique Nepalese stone wall. A stylish place to relax whilst taking in the stunning coastal views.
Located right on the beach in a converted man-made cave, Nevera offers the best of Dalmatian and Mediterranean cooking. As you would expect, there is a strong emphasis on fish and seafood here, which is caught fresh from the waters around the neighbouring islands.
A restaurant with an excellent reputation, and recommended in the Michelin Restaurant Guide, Vapor serves dishes which combine Dalmatian and Mediterranean flavours. Unusual herbs and spices are used to create a new style of regional cooking. For the ultimate dining experience try the seven-course tasting menu.
Opening in April 2019 as the latest addition to the Hotel Bellevue Dubrovnik, The Wine Bar is the place to be to sample some of Croatia's finest wines whilst enjoying light, local dishes in a relaxed and contemporary environment. Choose from a selection of over 180 international wines and champagnes, including Croatian, European and New World labels. Guests will also be able to arrange fully guided wine flights, led by the hotel's own wine experts.
A 220m² area with a Jacuzzi®, Finnish sauna, steam room and relaxation area with contemporary rattan loungers. The treatment menu has a choice of massages, facials, body rituals, scrubs and baths using Decléor products.
You'll find the medieval city of Dubrovnik - AKA the 'pearl of the Adriatic' - nestling on the coast in the far south of Croatia. Historical buildings edge the narrow streets, many of them now housing restaurants, boutiques and luxury hotels. Dubrovnik's Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a car-free zone where cobbled lanes meander between ancient buildings. It's chock-full of heritage - monuments, palaces and churches reflect the city's colourful past, showcasing Venetian, Latin and Slavic influences. The town's wonders are embraced by the walls the city is renowned for. Built between the 13th and 16th centuries, they stand 25 metres at their highest and 12 metres at their widest. When it comes to beaches, you'll find small pebbly stretches running along the coast, plus pine-backed bays on the islands sprinkled just offshore.
The Classic Sea View Rooms enjoy stunning sea views with large windows.
Superior Sea View Rooms have great sea views over Miramare Bay and French windows leading to a glass fronted balcony for uninterrupted views.
Deluxe Sea View Balcony Rooms have a sitting area and also has a larger balcony than a Superior room. They have beautiful views of the Dalmatian coast.
The Executive Suites offer the largest balconies at the Hotel Bellevue Dubrovnik. Each one has a stylish double bedroom and a separate living area. The modern décor is light in neutral colours, punctuated by original paintings by Croatian artists.
Guests staying in an Executive Suite Sea View Balcony will receive a €60 credit per room to spend in the Wine Bar for holidays booked by 01 May 2019.
Guests staying in an Executive Suite Sea View with Balcony will receive a fruit basket and a bottle of Croatian wine in their room on arrival.
Available at this hotel - please call for more information and to book.
A wonderful location, very friendly and accommodating staff and a modern, immaculate hotel makes the Bellevue well worth a visit.The city of Dubrovnik is well within walking distance and is absolutely stunning. The hotel is perched on a cliff side so its views from your balcony are beautiful. I had broken my ankle just prior to my visit and the staff simply couldn't do enough for me; they even changed my room without me asking as they thought the shows would be easier. Couldn't praise this hotel enough.
With friendly and helpful staff from the start right through to the end, our stay at Bellevue was delightful. From the well-kept rooms, the views, the beach, and great restaurants nearby - although the in-house restaurant is fantastic! The location seems odd at first, but makes much sense when you use one of the few private beaches in the area (remember your aqua shoes as it is rather pebbly). The old city is a decent but easy walk away, and there is a lot to see along the way. Walking the hill back after a full day in the old city was a little harder, but not too bad.
This is a really beautiful hotel. It has amazing ocean views, a private beach... so what else could you ask for! The room was immaculate, super clean, big, with a big bathroom was very very modern. The breakfast was delicious and the restaurant near the beach was very good as well. I would not hesitate to come back here again!


Welcome to Lillian Rose Flowers. We deliver fresh flowers in Thames Ditton through our next day courier service , we also deliver flowers through local florists in Thames Ditton. This includes Hand Tied Bouquets in Thames Ditton, Baskets in Thames Ditton, Traditional Bouquets in Thames Ditton, Arrangements in Thames Ditton, New Baby Bouquets in Thames Ditton, Balloons in Thames Ditton, Valentines flowers in Thames Ditton, Mothers Day Flowers in Thames Ditton, Funeral Flowers in Thames Ditton, Bespoke Funeral Tributes in Thames Ditton. All flowers are fresh, and are either delivered by local florists or in respect of our Next Day Flower range are delivered from our HQ by courier. Any questions, please call our freephone number or 0208 8952034.
Same Day Flower Delivery in Thames Ditton, Same Day Flower Delivery in Thames Ditton Villages by local florists in Thames Ditton, Flower delivery to all Thames Ditton postal codes from local florists via our partnership with eFlorist and florists in our network or from our Head Office by Courier.


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Home › History › Square haunting
Square haunting
Francesca / Wade - £10.99 GBP
In London during the interwar years, five women's lives intertwined around one address. Mecklenburgh Square, on the radical fringes of Bloomsbury, was home to activists, experimenters and revolutionaries; among them were the modernist poet H.D., detective novelist Dorothy L. Sayers, classicist Jane Harrison, economic historian Eileen Power, and author and publisher Virginia Woolf. In an era when women's freedoms were fast expanding, they each sought a space where they could live, love and - above all - work independently. From the square, these trailblazing women pushed the boundaries of scholarship, literary form, and social norms. Taking us into the emotional texture of their lives, Francesca Wade's luminous group biography reveals five unforgettable characters who forged careers that would have been impossible without these rooms of their own.
Black & British
An Atlas of Extinct Countries: The Remarkable (and Occasionally Ridiculous) Stor
Erebus: The Story of a Ship


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Home Home About us Governance Professor David Hill
Professor David Hill
Professor David Hill, AO, is a behavioural scientist whose career at Cancer Council Victoria spanned 44 years. He was the Director of the organisation until his retirement in April 2011 and prior to that was a founding Director of our Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer. Professor Hill is a Professorial Fellow at the University of Melbourne.
In 2001, Professor Hill was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for 'services to the promotion of community health, particularly in the development of cancer awareness and prevention programs'. In 2009 he was awarded Officer in the Order of Australia (AO) for his work fighting cancer in Victoria, nationally and internationally over many decades.
In 2010, Professor Hill was conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine by the University of Newcastle, in recognition of his work in health-related behavioural research.
Professor Hill, who received his PhD in psychology from the University of Melbourne, has authored or co-authored over 200 scientific articles and reports in the medical, public health and psychological literature.
His published work includes research on the prevalence of adolescent and adult smoking, strategies for smoking cessation, reduction of smoking uptake, smoking regulation, behavioural aspects of screening mammography, management of primary operable breast cancer, efficacy of breast self-examination, monitoring trends in skin cancer prevention, and exploring determinants of behaviours related to skin cancer prevention.
In 1986 he was appointed as the founding Director of the Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer (CBRC), the first such centre in the world. Professor Hill has served on a number of national and international committees and taskforces in cancer prevention, including the Chair of the National Expert Advisory Committee on Tobacco.
He also served a term as President of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) from 2008 to 2010. The UICC is a non-government, independent association of more than 300 member organisations in over 90 countries. Its objectives are to advance scientific and medical knowledge in research, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer, and to promote all other aspects of the campaign against cancer throughout the world. With a small secretariat based in Geneva, the conduct of the UICC's programs depends largely on the voluntary involvement of experts worldwide.
The UICC has an important role in reducing the global burden of cancer, and Professor Hill's appointment reflected the achievements of Australia's cancer control program, and the ways that these could inform cancer control in the developing world.


We put a premium on originality and ingenuity in music, and for good reason – we can only hear the same story so many times before it becomes boring and cliched. But every once in a while, an album comes along that pulls off the old tricks so well, we give it a pass. Let's Get Out of This Country follows the same formula that Belle & Sebastian and The Softies have many times before – wistful, precious indie pop. This is not the kind of album I'm predisposed to liking. This brand of indie pop tends to go from quaint and pleasant to saccharine sweet very quickly.
But from the beginning, Let's Get Out of This Country is different. Maybe it's the vintage production – from beginning to end, it sounds like some sort of recently-unearthed Motown or 1950's pop gem, complete with majestic strings and horn sections, sing-a-long choruses and a certain swing you don't hear very often anymore ("If Looks Could Kill," in particular). Tracyanne Campbell's earnest, heart-on-the-sleeve lyrics find the perfect balance between heartfelt and overwrought. There are tons of times this record could take a turn for the sickeningly fey, but it always maintains its subtle charm. It's not flashy, it didn't break any new artistic ground, but I'll be damned if it doesn't grow on you like cancer.


We started our Community Helpers theme today, and first up was police officers. For our craft I found a coloring page of a police car and used that as my template. I cut out cars, wheels and windows from construction paper.
The kids glued the pieces together. I also used a star punch to make yellow and white stars so they could decorate the car. And they used markers to draw people in the windows and make doors!
Then they put some glue on that little thing sticking up on top of the car and sprinkled red or blue glitter on it.
That's how they made the light. They turned out so cute, especially with the faces in the windows!
How darling! I especially love the glitter light on top. Your kids get to have so much fun every day!!
This is cute! I love doing crafts with little kids. I stopped by to thank you for joining in on the online Boo game.
I just found your blog via Pinterest and I have been searching it and LOVE LOVE LOVE all of your cute, simple and practical ideas!!!! Thanks for sharing!!!
I just randomly found your blog and it's fantastically amazing LoL if that's even a thing to say .


A Profile of Older Americans: 2013 (April 2014, .pdf and Excel format, 17p.).
"Family Caregivers Providing Complex Chronic Care to Their Spouses," by Susan Reinhard, Carol Levine, and Sarah Samis (April 2014, .pdf format, 10p.).
"Retiree Health Benefits At the Crossroads," by Frank McArdle, Tricia Neuman and Jennifer Huang (April 2014, .pdf and HTML format, 24p.).
A. "Health Care in a Multipayer System: The Effects of Health Care Service Demand among Adults under 65 on Utilization and Outcomes in Medicare," by Sherry A. Glied (w20045, April 2014, .pdf format, 43p.).
B. "Health Status, Disability and Retirement Incentives in Belgium," by Alain Jousten, Mathieu Lefebvre, and Sergio Perelman (w20035, April 2014, .pdf format, 39p.).
C. "Retirement, Early Retirement and Disability: Explaining Labor Force Participation after 55 in France," by Luc Behaghel, Didier Blanchet, and Muriel Roger (w20030, April 2014, .pdf format, 40p.).
"Social Exclusion Among Older People In Ireland, North And South," (April 2014, .pdf format, 10p.).
American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (Vol. 22, No. 5, May 2014).


Thank you all for some interesting discussions of Angels in America these last two days. The Signature Theater here in NYC dedicates its next season to performances of Angels in America and Kushner's new play, The Intelligent Homosexuals Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures (iHo). Tickets go on sale August 3rd.
Hanna Pitt after Joe's late-night phone call; Belize after his meeting with Louis at the diner; Louis after his argument with Prior in 2.9; Ethel Rosenberg after she sees Roy Cohn; or, finally, Prior or Harper after their first shared hallucination.
dramatic, emotional, serious, depiction of life's complexity and irony, dialogue that needs interpretation, audience interpretation, expressive, action, enjoyable, suspenseful, setting, made for performance, entertainment, tense, acting, rain dance—ritual, different genres, the lifetime network, transformative, a group effort, conventional.
Well, well, you learn something every day! The reference "After You, My Dear Alphonse" is to a popular comic strip starting in the early 1900s. It was the basis for a whole slew of different cultural products: books, a movie, this short story, and several vaudeville acts. The strip itself and the idea of it being a vaudeville act fit nicely with the way the references in the text work in an absurdist way.
What does the reference to the two clownish figures of Alphonse and Gaston do then? Does it change the way we analyzed the text?
Here, in random order, are the poets that you all were writing about. It's an impressive and eclectic list.
U.S. Americans: Mark Doty, Edgar Allan Poe, Pierre A. Lubin Jr., Emily Dickinson, Shel Silverstein, Maya Angelou, Tracy Chapman, Langston Hughes, Amy Lowell, Stephan Crane, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Frost, William Blake, Conrad Aiken, Philip Booth, Marianne Moore, Patricia Smith, T.S. Eliot, Walt Whitman, Ralph Angel, Ralph Waldo Thoreau, Henry David Thoreau, Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Daniel Beatty.
I discussed the new assignment (and your essays that I read) with a couple of you after class today. Reba correctly pointed out that this is not a writing intensive class. That's perfectly true. However, I believe that the true learning of reading and analyzing literature happens most productively when we are forced to grapple with our ideas, analysis, and interpretation in writing. I could easily quiz you on plot points, characters, and point of view, but it wouldn't mean that you actually learned anything and, in all likelihood, you would probably forget all of it as soon as you left for the beach in July. That's why I have designed the course the way I have. That's why we seem to be writing intensively. That said, I am aware that none of you are English majors and I do respect that interdisciplinary difference.
Obviously, I can't make any general guarantees about your grade, but judging from experience, I would say that if you keep up with your readings, do the work, and engage critically with the materials in class and in writing, chances are high that you will do well. But, as Elina pointed out, then it becomes a question of defining what well is.
And, finally, don't worry! Your papers were for the most part fine!
I found today's discussion on Hemingway, Steinbeck, and White illuminating and somewhat surprising. I think our discussions on POV and character illuminated how the relationship between plot and character is often a complicated and shifty one. It's interesting how we—the pleasure readers of the world (or at lest the ones in Razran 343)—read for immediate meaning. We want to make sense of the narrative offered to us. However, we, the analytical readers, must step back and find out how we know what we know (and what we know we feel) about the writing in front of us. The power of the literature we are reading is exactly to be found in the way it gestalts a world of meaning (sometimes by the absence of meaning) in our brains through the words on the page: a world of 41-year-old dwarfs who look like 8 year old girls, of barns gone up in flames, of hunting deer that might not exist, of itinerant preachers meeting bandits and naturalists in the woods of the South West, of red ponies, of fathers and sons, of jockeys who are crooks, of the men in grey flannel suits on 34th street, of Southern belles in rooming houses and so on. In other words we are doing many things simultaneously (so don't worry if your head is swimming a little right now): we are making meaning of the US literature in front of us, we are investigating how that meaning is produced in us, we are practicing talking about US literature in discussion, and we practice writing about our analysis (well, you do, but in my writing response letters to you I include myself—or at least I try—in the writing community of our class).
Finally, analyzing the way Steinbeck, Hemingway, and Faulkner use description so differently has really made me think about how we see the world around us and ourselves in it. Now, on to writing my description!
Tomorrow: we will dive into new fictional worlds, this time from the perspective of (primarily) female protagonists and authors, we will talk about your next assignment, and, though it's now clear that I can't finish writing cover-letters to all your papers from Tuesday, I have read them all, and we will talk about common patterns and challenges in preparation for the short story assignment. See you tomorrow!


You've just received your Tesla after years on the wait list, and now there's an incoming treaturous storm that's sure to cause a flood. As of now, there's really nothing you can do to protect your car from severe water damage during a flood. If only there was a way to vacuum seal your car. Well, we can't do exactly that just yet, but this flood car bag might be your next best bet. It puts your car into a giant waterproof bag!
To use it, is just like putting your sandwich into a sandwich bag, except about 10,000x larger. Just lay the Flood Guard bag on the ground and have a few friends hold the bag up as you drive your car into it. Then you close it with some zippers and strap it all up, anchoring it to something secure so that your car won't float away (just make sure you get out of the car and bag first). Then when the flood hits, your car will stay dry and safe.
The giant car bag flood protector comes in a few different sizes to fit most cars, including a small size that will fit cars that are sized similar to a Civic, Camry, Elantra, etc, and there's a larger car bag that will fit cars that are sized similar to a Montero, Ranger, Tucson, etc.
The giant car bag flood protector is red in color, is super easy to use, contains extra padding around the sides of the bag to prevent damage from any collisions while in the bag, folds down to barely anything for easy storage, comes with a duffel bag, and comes with 4 heavy-duty anchor points that will keep your car stabilized during heavy floods.
This is a pretty genius invention. So many people lose their cars to flooding every year. This will help to keep those numbers down. If you have an expensive car and live in a flood zone, this is most certainly worth the investment. Putting your car in a giant bag is just brilliant.
Check out the giant car bag flood guard in action via the video below.


text:
const db = require('APP/db')
const Product = db.model('products')
const CartItem = db.model('cartItem')
const Orders = db.model('order')
const Promise = require('bluebird')

module.exports = require('express').Router()
 .get('/',
 (req, res, next) =>
  Orders.findAll({})
    .then((orders) => {
      if (!orders.length) {
        let error = new Error()
        error.status = 404
        throw error
      }
      res.send(orders)
    })
   .catch(next))
 .get('/:orderId',
    (req, res, next) => {
      Orders.findAll({
        where: {
          id: req.params.orderId
        }
      })
 .then((orders) => {
   if (!orders.length) {
     var error = new Error()
     error.status = 404
     throw error
   }
   res.send(orders)
 })
 .catch(next)
    })
 .get('/users/:userId',
  (req, res, next) =>
  Orders.findAll({
    where: {
      user_id: req.params.userId
    }
  })
 .then((orders) => {
   if (!orders.length) {
     var error = new Error()
     error.status = 404
     throw error
   }
   res.send(orders)
 })
 .catch(next))
 .get('/:status',
  (req, res, next) =>
   Orders.findAll({
     where: {
       status: req.params.status
     }
   })
 .then(orders => {
   if (!orders.length) {
     var error = new Error()
     error.status = 404
     throw error
   }
 })
 .catch(next))
  .put('/:status',
  (req, res, next) =>
   Orders.update({
     status: req.params.status
   })
 .then(orders => {
   if (!orders.length) {
     var error = new Error()
     error.status = 404
     throw error
   }
 })
 .catch(next))
 .get('/current/:userId',  // there can only be one 'pending' order per user
  (req, res, next) => {
    Orders.findOrCreate({where: {
      user_id: req.params.userId,
      status: 'pending'
    }})
    .then(order => {
      res.send(order[0])
    })
  .catch(next)
  })

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mammalian hibernation is a highly dynamic physiological process that is composed of a series of torpor bouts, wherein hibernators oscillate between periods of torpor and interbout arousal. Although normally vital to homeostasis, many energetically consumptive processes such as translation or protein synthesis are virtually ceased during hibernation. Earlier studies indicated that protein synthesis had fallen to almost negligible levels. Cap-dependent initiation of translation is well regulated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its binding partner eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) when hibernators cycle in and out the torpor state. Herein, I investigated well-characterized regulatory mechanisms of global and specific control of protein synthesis in hibernators, with the ultimate goal of understanding how hibernators regulate protein synthesis in an extremely dynamic physiological process of hibernation.
Given that cap-dependent initiation of translation was actively regulated during hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilas lateralis, I was particularly intrigued by the role of cap-independent initiation of translation, more specifically, the role of internal ribosomal entry site mediated initiation of translation (IRESmt), which allows for internal initiation of translation. I utilized quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) to assess the association of both IRES and non-IRES containing transcripts with ribosomes throughout the entire sucrose gradients as a function of torpor state. Data indicate that mRNAs harboring IRES elements are preferentially associated with ribosomes as a torpor bout progresses. Naturally aroused squirrels have a higher IRES preference index than those animals that are prematurely aroused from torpor. Furthermore, data indicate that this change in IRES preference is the result of changes in mRNA association instead of mRNA abundance. Thus, ribosomes are preferentially loaded with IRES-containing transcripts when squirrels arouse from torpor and translation resumes. Differential translation of preexisting mRNAs may allow for the preferential synthesis of key stress proteins critical for survival of physiological hardships of hibernation that are lethal to non-hibernating mammals.
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of conserved ∼ 22 nucleotide-long non-coding RNA molecules. miRNAs have been demonstrated to play critical roles in controlling protein synthesis by targeting mRNA transcripts for translational repression in many systems, e.g. miRNAs control translation initiation by inhibiting eIF4E. However, it was largely unknown as to what role miRNAs may play during hibernation. I screened for changes in miRNA populations in livers of golden-mantled ground squirrels as a function of torpor state by utilizing a miRNA microarray. Data indicate that there were no changes in the four major miRNA species (miRNA-122, miRNA-15, miRNA-21, and miRNA-146) as a function of torpor state. These findings suggest that the potential control of protein synthesis exerted by miRNAs may be limited during hibernation.
p53 is a specific regulator of protein synthesis, e. g. p53 activation can cause dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and therefore repress translation initiation. However, p53 is best recognized as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of stress response genes involved in a variety of biological progresses. Earlier studies have shown that transcription is significantly depressed during hibernation. However, some reports in the literature revealed transcription factor movements during torpor, e.g. nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) enters the nucleus and p53 is excluded from nucleus. The presumption is that transcription factors function during hibernation and that these changes have an impact on the physiology of the animal. An earlier study claimed that nuclear p53 protein concentration was significantly reduced 4-fold in torpid ground squirrels. I exploited a variety of techniques to further study the role of p53 during hibernation. My data reveal that p53 mRNA and protein levels are not related, but that p53 protein concentrations were elevated during late torpor and interbout aroused states. Data also indicate that expression levels of several known regulators of p53 are consistent with the activation of p53 during hibernation. Taken at face value, these data might suggest that p53 works as a transcription factor to induce preferential transcription of target genes. My data indicate that nuclear p53 levels are ∼ 2 fold higher in the late torpor state. Furthermore, p53 protein binds to known target genes. However, nuclear run-on data as well as quantitative assessment of downstream target genes indicate a very modest role for p53 as a transcription factor. These data are important in that formulated assumptions using lessons learned from active steady state conditions should be applied cautiously in the setting of a depressed metabolic state.
My research investigates the global and specific controls of protein synthesis in hibernation by studying the basic roles of IRES mediated initiation of translation, miRNAs, and transcription factor p53 use in hibernating goldenmantled ground squirrels. These data provide compelling evidence that hibernators actively regulate translation initiation and therefore preferentially produce key stress proteins geared towards enhanced survivorship. However, miRNAs likely play a limited role in the control of protein synthesis in hibernating ground squirrels. Finally, my data on p53 metabolism also underscore the value of cautious data interpretation of regulatory mechanisms at a time of suspended regulation.
Pan, Peipei, "Global and specific controls of protein synthesis in hibernators" (2011). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1394.