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chandrakantha.com > Categories > GENERAL DISCUSSIONS > New discovery: Use of Raag techniques in Venetian Instrumental Music of the late 16th century
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Tristan von Neumann
it has been some time since I reported on my research.
The newest discovery though is really worth sharing.
I have already assumed some influence on Italian Instrumental Music of the late 16th century and now I finally found a clear use of Raga techniques in Giovanni Gabrieli's works:
La Spiritata moves exactly along this Sikh Dhanashri Hymn.
Note how the motifs of the raga are also developed in the Sonata.
westsea
Maybe. But, it could also be a stretch. The Gabrieli piece fits into the 'normal' Italian Renaissance Music
model of melody, counterpoint, and rhythm. I don't believe that European composers from that time were being very influenced by Indian music.
But, it's possible.
I have come to the conclusion that this is not a stretch.
When the Gabrieli piece was written, these techniques have been around for some time.
The 16th century is the time of Europeans incorporating Indian ideas, leading to the Baroque era once the system had been understood.
The principle as such made the development of or the search for Ragas possible also for those who have no connection to India.
Before 1500, variation cycle techniques were not used, also no diminutions. Also the idea of a soloist with a voice capable of producing instrument-like effects was only developed in the 16th century.
I am still not quite sure how to explain my hypothesis other than through musical evidence since back then in Europe music was also taught from Master (Guru) to student.
The models for improvisation are very important and masters are reluctant to share them with everyone, especially the knowledge of how you develop a piece.
It is very wise of Indian teachers to use only one Raag until the principle has been understood.
Anyway, I will search for more. The oldest Sikh Ragas may be very interesting.
The West was tuned into India, before the European Renaissance. There are Bible stories that seem to be derived from older, Indian scriptures.
But, I don't think there was much in the way of Indian music, influencing European Renaissance and Baroque music.
I studied western classical music in college. There is a documented history of western music evolving from Greek modes, into
monophonic Gregorian chant, into early Gothic/medieval counterpoint/polyphony with more complex rhythms, which continued to evolve in complexity, growing vertically into contrapuntal/harmonic structures. Canons, rondos, sonatas, dance suites, variations, symphonies, etc., were natural forms to fit the western music into.
It would be interesting if you could find some documented evidence of your theory. There are a lot of western treatises, from early times, written on music. If European musicians were being influenced by Indian music, they would surely have written about it. I don't recall ever reading anything like that. But, if they exist, the google should be able to find them.
"There are Bible stories that seem to be derived from older, Indian scriptures."
I wouldn't say the Bible is exactly "Western". If you want to compare stories, there is much more to find if you compare ancient Indoeuropean stories like Persian, Greek or Germanic, because about 6000 years ago, those were one people.
Here we are talking about very clear audible influence.
I am sorry to say that, but your summary of European music is very over-simplified.
In Musicology, there are considered two major style changes:
One in the 16th/17th century and around 1900.
Before 1500 there were no cyclic variations and diminutions, also the music would cling to ancient modes and Gregorian Chant.
Polyphony was a stream of consciousness, not a development of motifs in a harmonic cycle as in mid to late 16th century.
After 1500, new harmonic principles arose from the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and France.
These were explored in the "Ricercar" (literally: "Searching") and the Fantasia.
Music treatises of that time are always after the fact - the secrects of the musicians who taught in a "guru-shishya"-"master-student" tradition are not revealed.
The greatest musicians never wrote any treatises despite being most revered teachers (Giovanni Gabrieli had students from Germany, even Denmark!)
The modal theories of that time are highly confusing. This points to a change in music which the old modal system could not grasp.
It has been explained by musicians researching Ancient Greek music theory. But back then, the music of ancient Greece has not yet been found.
Also - Indian Music is similar to Ancient Greek music because the scales are made of Tetrachords. Some Scales are even thought to be Ancient additions from Greek people living in India. It would have been plausible that people were interested in Indian music.
Around 1500, Europeans discovered the vast wonders of India themselves. Goa was founded and there was a permanent presence of Europeans in India, with embassies to the Mughal court, where the great Tansen was singing. They must have heard this music.
But Indian people were considered heathens and idol-worshippers. Mentioning the source of new melodic framework would have been dangerous.
I suspect this is the reason for the silence about Indian music.
(Sikhs on the other hand had a weird position - they were compared with Christians due to their monotheism and lifestyle.)
How the music was transferred can probably not be traced. The Sargam is a very easy means to exchange music. It could very well be one Jesuit writing down all the Chalans the great Tansen had in his repertoire.
Using these Ragas instead of Gregorian Chant results in change of harmonic system because the Raga parts cover all the clausulae in a polyphonic framework.
But this is not everything - Raga performance, as can seen in the Sikh hymns, has a "theme" made from the Raga (also Gats and Bandishes have a theme), which is then subsequently split up into motifs that are developed and rhythmically varied until an new cycle starts.
This technique is new in Europe in the 16th century and flourishes in Ricercars and Fantasies (like Alap) and Instrumental Canzonas (Gat/Bandish), which also employ complex rhythmic cycles. The usual performance would even be organized like Indian performance: A Ricercar or Fantasy is followed by a song and a dance like Alap-Bandish.
The Dance suite with consistent thematic material is also new in the 16th century and matches the rhythmic proportion variations in Raga.
The 1608 print by Raverij is a key example of this music. Listen to this album:
If you associate any Raga to a piece, please let me know.
Later, the style even changed more towards Indian thinking in the Ostinato Variation and Stylus Fantasticus. The Pachelbel Canon is one famous example, it seems to be Raga Kamod.
Sorry to disappoint you - if anything had been written about it, my hypothesis wouldn't exactly be news.
Here's another later Sonata by Matthias Weckmann in Raga Dhanashri:
Thanks, those 2 pieces are beautiful. I don't hear them as Indian music influenced.
Good luck with your theory.
CarbonSitars
Without any hard evidence in the form of historical documents specifically mentioning the music of India being incorporated into a composer's work, it's a stretch. It's neat in that it works the same way a mashup works, but mashups aren't evidence that one piece has deliberately borrowed from the other; it's just that they might share a certain commonality that sounds nice together.
There are many musicology organizations around the world. Some of them might be willing to review a formal paper with formal research, but the first thing they are going to want to see is a smoking gun from a previously unseen or overlooked document which has direct mention of Indian influences. It seems a little strange at this point in time that nothing has been found or published by scholars who specialize in these composers. It would be the sort of career-making artifact that any of them would jump on if uncovered. To find extraordinary evidence of this nature would take up scholars' entire careers to analyze and present for peer review, and perhaps more than a lifetime for the academic world to finally accept as established historical fact.
Evidence like this could radically alter what we know about the history of western music, so surely you understand why many people would be skeptical.
@CarbonSitars:
I understand your concerns. Superficially, and scientifically, you are right.
Your argument is a logical fallacy. Here's why:
All scientific discovery starts with a hunch. It seems I am the first one to have had this hunch, and only after I was *looking* for musical evidence I have found it aplenty.
Let's jump to Archaeology for a while:
Millions of people trod over small hills until someone paused and said:
"Wait a minute - this hill could be man made! I wonder what is under there!" - and started digging. And lo and behold, there was cart in in with skeletons, swords, golden artefacts etc. proving that this was a grave of a prince of some sorts.
You see the phenomenological problem with your argument? How would you find something real if your mindset is "That didn't happen, otherwise someone would have found something already."
Back to musicology:
There are plenty of papers and books by established researchers that never deliver. (For example Dahlhaus, Studies on the Development of Harmonic Tonality, never explains why, just states the musical facts)
I don't know if you are familiar with 16th century research - but there was never a sufficient explanation of the rise of harmonic tonality during that period, leading to the new style with thoroughbass.
This always bothered me.
If someone wants credit of finding hard evidence, he must dig in archives. I cannot pay for that. I can deliver an article that encourages the search for it.
There may be numerous logical reasons why there may never be evidence, one of them being the Catholic church considering Indian people idol-worshippers and their cult dangerous. Explicitly saying "let's analyze Indian music" didn't happen until the 1700s (see the upcoming thesis (in print) by Lisa Hermann-Fertig of Würzburg University)
You know, people were burned at the stake for saying things back in the 1500s.
And answer yourself this: How probable is it that the (musically educated by default) Jesuits who stayed at Akbar's court for two years around 1580 had NOT listened extensively to the Great Tansen or in case Tansen died in 1580 and not later, any other court singer? It may well be zero.
And I hate to explain ICM to you: there are no "pieces" to be copied. Raga is a fractal system to create pieces on the fly. "Raga is not a scale, nor a mode." Ravi Shankar once explained.
It is a perfect fractal melody that can be augmented or diminished and its parts used independently, or fractally stacked onto each other, always creating a harmonic piece.
All the ancient Ragas used when Europeans discovered India already had harmonic tonality when it was not used in Europe (see the Sikh repertoire - those guys know exactly which Ragas Guru Nanak and the later Gurus used).
Here's a preview to the musical evidence:
The following piece defies analysis using modal theories, also it would be anachronistic to say it's in the Major/Minor system.
My hypothesis covers the piece fully, because it is made up entirely of BAHAR motifs (even the meend ma-ni, here in discreet notes) and like a fractal follows the harmonic plan of the spring Raga, which is old and mentioned well before that time. (Also listen to the rhythmic cycles in the piece and the overlapping voice entries).
If you can, play or sing the Raga to it. This conveniently in old g 415 Hz, matching the F# Sa used widely. If you play tabla or pakhawaj, play to it. (use 12 beats, probably Ektaal, madhya laya). You will be carried by the piece.
If this doesn't convince you musically, I can't help it. (Mashup will follow once I found a performance matching the tala and doesn't require too much bending the pitch to mashup)
And frankly, I don't care. The paper will be published one way or another, and someone will jump on it. I plan no carreer, I just felt this was necessary, since I was the first to notice. I would be happy if others jumped on the research because of the paper, that's all.
I just realized that there is a more compelling argument, and I failed to immediately state it (probably because I thought it is evident...)
"The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence."
And it's not even nothing: there is musical evidence, and evidence of presence where cultural transfer could have happened.
I'll be honest here. I think this is a case of apophenia. But if you think you can find hard evidence of European composers appropriating the Indian raga system for musical content (or whatever your theory is), you'll be much better served by getting down to the business of pouring over historical documents in archives, documenting it, and writing a formal paper than pleading your case to random people on an internet forum.
I don't think it's impossible, just very unlikely.
There are well-documented cases of cultural exchange like this. I can think of no better example in western music history than that of the Romani people. They originated in northern India and are genetically linked to that population, migrated across the Middle East, picking up all of those traditions along the way, and wound up first in eastern Europe and then western Europe. They played in both folk and professional situations across Europe, and composers most definitely heard that music and incorporated it into their own. There are historical documents where composers flat out said, "Yes, here I have used some Romani scales for this piece..." If there was one thing composers loved to talk about, it was themselves and their music. When they took a folk tune or some ethnic music and used it to create high art music, they reveled in the idea of explaining how cleverly they incorporated it into their musical ideas.
The Romani were (and still are) hated, repressed, enslaved, silenced, and murdered. And yet their music is everywhere across Europe, from French jazz, Spanish flamenco, nearly everything in eastern Europe, to classical composers like Hayden, Mozart, Brahms, Liszt, Rachmaninov, and on and on. Despite being such a small but despised ethnic group, no one hesitated to mention that they borrowed from them. There are endless books and papers documenting their influence and history in Europe.
Is it weird that no one mentions borrowing from the court or folk music of India back then? Not really. It didn't have much of an influence on Western composers until the 20th century and again, you can read all about it because those composers loved to talk about it and there are lots of scholars who love writing about it.
You'll be much better served by taking this up with professional musicologists than chatting about it with guys like me. Every precious minute you would spend replying here could be spent doing research to prove yourself right or wrong.
You sound like you claim to have some education in music. What is your background?
But you also seem to have little to no knowledge about the 16th century.
One example: You claim musicians love to talk about their music.
This is absolutely not true, on the contrary:
Back then, the knowledge of how to make really good music is a trade secret not revealed, because people were competing for a job at the courts and churches.
The genre of "Musica Reservata" was pretty much exclusive music that was forbidden to be published.
People had to study music using what was available, or find - much like in India - a guru that will teach them. (Giovanni Gabrieli was one of them)
Even today in India, the secrets how to render a Raga are not readily available for everyone. You need to get in touch with a guru. Academies have changed that, but it is an appropriation from 19th and 20th century Europe.
I reject the notion of "apophenia" - you can download the score for the Guami "Bahar" Canzon and check for yourself. Not "similarity" - it IS Bahar.
As for research in archives:
I have absolutely no funds to spend months in the Vatican, Portugal, Mantua, Spain, Vienna etc. and no one will ever give funds to someone who is not in academia.
Therefore, a purely musical observation is all I can do, and will write down in a formal article.
I am out in the open, trying to spark interest, because other people do have the possibility to go look into the archives.
If I am being ridiculed for that, those people reveal themselves to be mean spirited.
Research does not mean that one should be secretive or solitary about it, on the contrary. It seems though we have lost this aspect of research: dialogue and connecting with other interested people.
As for your Romani (and Sinti should also be mentioned) remark:
Reference in titles to "gypsy" already appear in the late 16th century.
But this is folk music, not art music like Dhrupad, and I am pretty sure the wandering people don't have their Sangita Ratnakara memorized.
Anyway, I will continue because I am convinced that I have found something.
David Russell Watson
Originally Posted by CarbonSitars
I'll be honest here. I think this is a case of apophenia.
Bingo, but as Mark Twain observed, "It's easier to fool someone than it is to convince someone that they've been fooled", and that's true even when one is fooling himself.
you'll be much better served by getting down to the business of pouring over historical documents in archives
No real need for that, nor for a degree in 16th century European music, for the supposed evidence has been linked here for us and it's entirely unconvincing. There's nothing of the ragas claimed in those pieces. Well, nothing more than any two pieces of tonal music from anywhere in the world and from any period in time wouldn't have in common. India and Europe share several diatonic scales in common, and so it would be highly unlikely that you couldn't find at least some short sequences of notes common to both repertoires.
We're looking at "martian canals" and elephants in the clouds.
You lack imagination, education and curiosity.
I will stop discussing this with you. You have no arguments at all and refuse to look at it.
Claiming it has nothing to do with each other proves it.
If you want to refute my musical analysis, please get the score and show me where I am wrong.
I have a BM in musical composition. I have formal training in 20th century avant garde composition, the history of European Early Music up to the Baroque (including many sleepless nights pouring over all the scores of the guys you mention), and I study Indian classical music with my guru, Indrajit Banerjee. I know enough to be aware I don't possess but 1% of the knowledge my masters have. They have forgotten more about music than I will ever know.
Throw away this nonsense, and go earn a degree in musicology. If you're at all like me, after having to write a measly hundred pages of research, you will get a taste for the amount of work that real musicologists do for a meager living and little glory. I would never in a million years think I could do the work my teachers did after seeing how it was done. Years and years of analyzing a few documents and hand-written letters to find even the smallest insight about a composer's work. Then it gets reviewed by their peers, the very best in their fields. Then it goes through revision after revision. If they're lucky, it gets published. And those are the tenured professionals. By the time you earn that degree, you will think much differently about pure speculation.
There's nothing of the ragas claimed in those pieces. Well, nothing more than any two pieces of tonal music from anywhere in the world and from any period in time wouldn't have in common. India and Europe share several diatonic scales in common, and so it would be highly unlikely that you couldn't find at least some short sequences of notes common to both repertoires.


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Chernobyl children in a Havana hospital
One academic's emotional journey of awakening is told in the new film, Un Traductor
By Linda Pentz Gunter
Sitting crammed on a transatlantic flight, drinking weak coffee and picking at a lamentable apology for pasta is not where one would expect to find oneself watching a remarkable film about Chernobyl. But that is what happened recently.
Un Traductor (A Translator), released this year, tells the true story of a Cuban professor of Russian literature who, in 1989, abruptly finds his lessons canceled and a note on the university door directing him to the local hospital in Havana. There, he is told he must serve as a translator. But for whom? "The patients from Chernobyl" replies an emotionless senior nurse. The film is directed by Cuban brothers, Sebastián and Rodrigo Barriuso.
Malin (we never learn his last name until the credits) finds himself serving as interpreter at night on a children's ward filled with victims from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine. At first, his only task is to inform parents that their child is fundamentally terminal. Devastated, he immediately wants out and to return to his comfortable home life with his wife and his own young son. "You chose to be a nurse!" he rails at Gladys, the matter-of-fact night nurse with whom he works and who has escaped the juntas of her native Argentina to work in Cuban's renowned medical field. "I didn't choose any of this," he insists.
"These kids didn't choose either," she retorts.
Gradually, however, Malin becomes ever more invested in the young patients, and beyond translating, he reads them stories and has them write their own, or draw pictures of their experiences, their hopes, and about who they are.
The film does a powerful and moving job of communicating just what nuclear technology can do to children if it goes wrong, as it did in Chernobyl, whose explosion spewed radiation densely across Belarus and parts of Russia and Ukraine, with the plume spreading over Europe and eventually touching the U.S.
Genadijs Dolganovs delivers a moving performance as a stricken parent.
It is hard to watch this film and not ask why anyone would support an industry that harms children in this way — and inflicts such agonizing grief on their parents. Malin befriends one particular boy, Alexei, who is in isolation from the other children due to his compromised immune system, and superbly played by Nikita Semenov. At one point, the boy's father (movingly played by Genadijs Dolganovs, also in The Shape of Water), describes the irony of radiation now being used to treat his child's cancer after having caused it in the first place. "How much radiation do you think one body can take?" he asks Malin.
Dolganovs, a Canada-based Latvian actor, has few scenes in the film but he owns every one. He describes with bitter and regretful pride how honored he had felt to be invited to Pripyat as the high school science teacher for the children of the eminent scientists working at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Brazilian actor Rodrigo Santoro is mesmerizing as Malin, delivering a quiet, intimate portrait of a man suddenly shaken awake, forced to confront a level of pain he had clearly never given much thought to. (His performance is all the more impressive in that he had to learn the Russian and Spanish lines phonetically without knowing either language.)
There are also two great performances by the leading women in the film — Maricel Álvarez as Gladys and Yoandra Suárez as Malin's long-suffering and, at first, detached wife, who sees him drifting away from his own family the more absorbed he becomes with the Chernobyl children. She focuses on her job arranging art exhibitions, on their young son Javi, and on her pregnancy, temporarily moving away but eventually reconciling with Malin.
Maricel Álvarez as the Argentinian nurse, Gladys, provides the emotional anchor to the film.
Gladys serves as the emotional center of the film, maintaining a stern exterior to suppress her inner turmoil, committed, constantly drawing Malin back to the work he finds so desperately painful. As Malin's marriage begins to crumble, one wonders whether a romance between them will blossom. Whether loyal to the biographical truth, or simply to avoid Hollywood cliché, the screenwriter, Lindsay Gossling, thankfully does not go there.
Ultimately, the film follows Malin's gradual awakening to the harsh realities of the world beyond his comfortable job and home life. When petrol shortages mean Malin can no longer drive, he takes to his bicycle, from which he is thrown one rainy evening on his way to the hospital, limping in battered and bloodied as he desperately tries to get to Alexi's side in time for the boy's latest treatment.
The end of the film includes a fascinating reveal about the origins of the film, which is shot almost entirely in Havana, likely little changed since the 1980s. And while it touches on the political shifts as Gorbachev moves away from Soviet communism, its main message is humanitarian. It is a touching, important piece of filmmaking that conveys all too directly just how painful, tragic and ultimately unacceptable, the risk of using nuclear power really is.
Un Traductor is available for rent or purchase from iTunes and Amazon Prime.
Watch an interview with lead actor, Rodrigo Santoro, and the directors, Sebastián and Rodrigo Barriuso, below.
Headline photo taken from the trailer of Un Traductor.
← Chernobyl: How bad was it?
A nuclear disaster that hasn't happened yet →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: DirectoryInfo usage in a UWP project I am currently working to a Windows 10 UWP project and I keep getting the following exception:

Unable to cast object of type 'System.IO.FileSystemInfo[]' to type 'System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.IO.FileInfo]'.

and this is the code which throws it:
 DirectoryInfo dirInfo = new DirectoryInfo(path);
 FileInfo[] files = dirInfo.GetFiles(path);

path is a valid one, i verified it several times, I do not know why I am getting this exception. Can the DirectoryInfo class still be used in a UWP application or should I use an equivalent one ?

A: The DirectoryInfo class is applicable for UWP. However, it has a lot of limitations. Such as whether the path is valid. For more detail you could refer to Skip the path: stick to the StorageFile.
It throw Second path fragment must not be a drive or UNC name exception when I passed path parameter. I found the following description.

The search string to match against the names of files. This parameter can contain
   a combination of valid literal path and wildcard (* and ?) characters (see Remarks),
   but doesn't support regular expressions. The default pattern is "*", which returns
   all files.

So I modify the searchPattern like the following, it works well.
string root = Windows.ApplicationModel.Package.Current.InstalledLocation.Path;
string path = root + @"\Assets\Media";

DirectoryInfo dirinfo = new DirectoryInfo(path);
FileInfo[] files = dirinfo.GetFiles("head.*");

I do not know why I am getting this exception. Can the DirectoryInfo class still be used in a UWP application or should I use an equivalent one ?

The best practice to query files in UWP is to use folder picker to select a folder and enumerate all the files with GetFilesAsync method. For example:
var picker = new Windows.Storage.Pickers.FolderPicker();
picker.SuggestedStartLocation = Windows.Storage.Pickers.PickerLocationId.PicturesLibrary;
picker.FileTypeFilter.Add("*");
picker.ViewMode = Windows.Storage.Pickers.PickerViewMode.Thumbnail;
var folder = await picker.PickSingleFolderAsync();
if(folder != null)
{
    StringBuilder outputText =  new StringBuilder();
    var query = folder.CreateFileQuery();
    var files = await query.GetFilesAsync();
    foreach (StorageFile file in files)
    {
        outputText.Append(file.Name + "\n");
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Admin Not Redirecting After Login When running 1.7.x if we tried to open a link into the admin section but we weren't logged in, we could log in and it would automatically bring us to the page we had first tried to access.
After upgrading to 1.9.2.2, after login, we are always brought to the default page (in our case that's the Orders page, but for most people, it is probably the Dashboard).
For example, clicking a link to edit a product: http://example.com/index.php/customadmin/catalog_product/edit/id/481/
If we were not logged in in 1.7.x it would ask us to log in, then bring us to that. Now it brings us to the default Admin start page.
Update 3-22-2016 - More Details
Cache and compilation are disabled.
I have tried disabling all modules that have <use>admin</use> in their config.xml files. In fact, I have tried disabling all non-core modules.
After doing so I log out, log back in, copy a URL to order, log out, visit that URL, login, and I still get rerouted to the Dashboard/Orders page.
I have tested this on a new install, and a fresh install (new store) - both have the same result.

A: That might have something to do with the SUPEE-6788 patch that is in Magento 1.9.2.2, I believe there were some backward compatibility issues with certain extensions or configurations. Take a look at the technical details of this patch here to see if you have anything in your config.xml that might have broken as a result of the update.
Do you have extensions that have 'admin' in their configuration? That might be it. From the technical details document:

For example the following config.xml file for a module:
<admin>
  <routers>
    <custom_module>
      <use>admin</use>
      <args>
        <module>custom_module</module>
        <frontName>custom_module</frontName>
      </args>
    </custom_module>
  </routers>
</admin>

Should be changed to:
<admin>
  <routers>
    <adminhtml>
      <args>
        <modules>
          <custom_module after="Mage_Adminhtml">CustomModule_Adminhtml</custom_module>
        </modules>
      </args>
     </adminhtml>
  </routers>
</admin>

Also take a look at this post for testing if you have extensions that are incompatible with SUPEE-6788 and might be causing issues.


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import {JsonUtils} from "helpers/json_utils";
import {mixins as s} from "helpers/string-plus";
import _ from "lodash";
import Stream from "mithril/stream";
import {Errors} from "models/mixins/errors";
import {ErrorMessages} from "models/mixins/error_messages";
import {ValidatableMixin} from "models/mixins/new_validatable_mixin";
import {EncryptedValue, plainOrCipherValue} from "views/components/forms/encrypted_value";

interface ErrorJSON {
  errors?: { [key: string]: string[] };
}

export interface SiteUrlsJSON extends ErrorJSON {
  site_url?: string;
  secure_site_url?: string;
}

export class SiteUrls extends ValidatableMixin {
  readonly siteUrl: Stream<string | undefined>;
  readonly secureSiteUrl: Stream<string | undefined>;

  constructor(siteUrl?: string, secureSiteUrl?: string, errors?: Errors) {
    super();
    this.siteUrl       = Stream(siteUrl);
    this.secureSiteUrl = Stream(secureSiteUrl);
    if (errors) {
      this.errors(errors);
    }
    this.validateUrlPattern("siteUrl");
    this.validateUrlPattern("secureSiteUrl");
  }

  static fromJSON(data: SiteUrlsJSON) {
    let errors = {};
    if (data.errors) {
      errors = JsonUtils.toCamelCasedObject(data.errors);
    }
    return new SiteUrls(data.site_url, data.secure_site_url, new Errors(errors));
  }

  isConfigured() {
    return !!(this.siteUrl() || this.secureSiteUrl());
  }

  clone() {
    return new SiteUrls(this.siteUrl(), this.secureSiteUrl());
  }

  toJSON() {
    return {
      site_url: this.siteUrl(),
      secure_site_url: this.secureSiteUrl()
    } as SiteUrlsJSON;
  }
}

export interface PurgeSettingsJSON extends ErrorJSON {
  purge_start_disk_space?: number;
  purge_upto_disk_space?: number;
}

export class PurgeSettings extends ValidatableMixin {
  readonly purgeStartDiskSpace: Stream<number | undefined>;
  readonly purgeUptoDiskSpace: Stream<number | undefined>;
  readonly cleanupArtifact: Stream<boolean>;

  constructor(purgeStartDiskSpace?: number, purgeUptoDiskSpace?: number, errors?: Errors) {
    super();
    this.purgeStartDiskSpace = Stream(purgeStartDiskSpace);
    this.purgeUptoDiskSpace  = Stream(purgeUptoDiskSpace);
    this.cleanupArtifact     = Stream(this.isCleanupEnabled());
    if (errors) {
      this.errors(errors);
    }
    this.validatePresenceOf("purgeStartDiskSpace",
                            {condition: () => this.cleanupArtifact(), message: "purge start disk space is empty"});
    this.validatePresenceOf("purgeUptoDiskSpace",
                            {condition: () => this.cleanupArtifact(), message: "purge upto disk space is empty"});
  }

  static fromJSON(data: PurgeSettingsJSON) {
    let errors = {};
    if (data.errors) {
      errors = JsonUtils.toCamelCasedObject(data.errors);
    }
    return new PurgeSettings(data.purge_start_disk_space, data.purge_upto_disk_space, new Errors(errors));
  }

  isCleanupEnabled(): boolean {
    return !!(this.purgeStartDiskSpace() || this.purgeUptoDiskSpace());
  }

  toJSON() {
    const purgeSettingsJSON: PurgeSettingsJSON = {};

    if (this.purgeStartDiskSpace() !== undefined) {
      purgeSettingsJSON.purge_start_disk_space = this.purgeStartDiskSpace();
    }
    if (this.purgeUptoDiskSpace() !== undefined) {
      purgeSettingsJSON.purge_upto_disk_space = this.purgeUptoDiskSpace();
    }
    return purgeSettingsJSON;
  }
}

export interface ArtifactConfigJSON extends ErrorJSON {
  artifacts_dir: string;
  purge_settings?: PurgeSettingsJSON;
}

export class ArtifactConfig extends ValidatableMixin {
  readonly artifactsDir: Stream<string>;
  readonly purgeSettings: Stream<PurgeSettings>;

  constructor(artifactsDir: string, purgeStartdiskSpace?: number, purgeUptoDiskSpace?: number) {
    super();
    this.artifactsDir  = Stream(artifactsDir);
    this.purgeSettings = Stream(new PurgeSettings(purgeStartdiskSpace, purgeUptoDiskSpace));

    this.validatePresenceOf("artifactsDir", {message: "Please provide artifacts directory location"});
    this.validateAssociated("purgeSettings");
  }

  static fromJSON(data: ArtifactConfigJSON) {
    let errors = {};
    if (data.errors) {
      errors = JsonUtils.toCamelCasedObject(data.errors);
    }
    const artifactConfig = new ArtifactConfig(data.artifacts_dir);
    if (data.purge_settings) {
      artifactConfig.purgeSettings(PurgeSettings.fromJSON(data.purge_settings));
    }
    artifactConfig.errors(new Errors(errors));
    return artifactConfig;
  }

  isArtifactsCleanupEnabled(): boolean {
    return this.purgeSettings().isCleanupEnabled();
  }

  cleanupArtifact(): boolean {
    return this.purgeSettings().cleanupArtifact();
  }

  toJSON() {
    const artifactConfigJSON: ArtifactConfigJSON = {
      artifacts_dir: this.artifactsDir(),
    };

    if (!_.isEmpty(this.purgeSettings().toJSON())) {
      artifactConfigJSON.purge_settings = this.purgeSettings().toJSON();
    }
    return artifactConfigJSON;
  }

  clone() {
    return ArtifactConfig.fromJSON(this.toJSON());
  }
}

export interface DefaultJobTimeoutJSON extends ErrorJSON {
  default_job_timeout: string;
}

export class DefaultJobTimeout extends ValidatableMixin {
  readonly defaultJobTimeout: Stream<number>;
  readonly neverTimeout: Stream<boolean>;

  constructor(defaultJobTimeout: number, errors?: Errors) {
    super();
    this.defaultJobTimeout = Stream(defaultJobTimeout);
    this.neverTimeout      = Stream(defaultJobTimeout === 0);
    if (errors) {
      this.errors(errors);
    }

    this.validatePresenceOf("defaultJobTimeout", {condition: this.neverTimeout});
  }

  static fromJSON(data: DefaultJobTimeoutJSON) {
    let errors = {};
    if (data.errors) {
      errors = JsonUtils.toCamelCasedObject(data.errors);
    }
    return new DefaultJobTimeout(parseInt(data.default_job_timeout, 10), new Errors(errors));
  }

  toJSON(): DefaultJobTimeoutJSON {
    return {
      default_job_timeout: this.defaultJobTimeout().toString()
    };
  }

  isValid(): boolean {
    const valid = super.isValid();

    if (!this.neverTimeout() && this.defaultJobTimeout() <= 0) {
      this.errors().add("defaultJobTimeout", "Timeout should be positive non zero number as it represents number of minutes");
      return false;
    }

    return valid;
  }

  clone() {
    const defaultJobTimeout = new DefaultJobTimeout(this.defaultJobTimeout());
    defaultJobTimeout.neverTimeout(this.neverTimeout());
    return defaultJobTimeout;
  }
}

export interface MailServerJSON extends ErrorJSON {
  hostname: string;
  port: number;
  username: string;
  password: string;
  encryptedPassword: string;
  tls: boolean;
  senderEmail: string;
  adminEmail: string;
}

export class MailServer extends ValidatableMixin {
  hostname: Stream<string | undefined>;
  port: Stream<number | undefined>;
  username: Stream<string | undefined>;
  password: Stream<EncryptedValue>;
  tls: Stream<boolean | undefined>;
  senderEmail: Stream<string | undefined>;
  adminEmail: Stream<string | undefined>;

  constructor(hostname?: string,
              port?: number,
              username?: string,
              password?: string,
              encryptedPassword?: string,
              tls?: boolean,
              senderEmail?: string,
              adminEmail?: string,
              errors: Errors = new Errors()) {
    super();

    this.hostname    = Stream(hostname);
    this.port        = Stream(port);
    this.username    = Stream(username);
    this.password    = Stream(plainOrCipherValue({plainText: password, cipherText: encryptedPassword}));
    this.tls         = Stream(tls);
    this.senderEmail = Stream(senderEmail);
    this.adminEmail  = Stream(adminEmail);

    this.validatePresenceOf("hostname");
    this.validatePresenceOf("port");
    this.validatePresenceOf("senderEmail");
    this.validatePresenceOf("adminEmail");

    this.validatePresenceOfPassword("password", {
      condition: () => {
        return !s.isBlank(this.username()!);
      },
      message: ErrorMessages.mustBePresentIf("password", "username is specified")
    });
    this.errors(errors);
  }

  static fromJSON(data: MailServerJSON) {
    const errors = new Errors(data.errors);
    return new MailServer(data.hostname,
                          data.port,
                          data.username,
                          data.password,
                          data.encryptedPassword,
                          data.tls,
                          data.senderEmail,
                          data.adminEmail,
                          errors);
  }

  toJSON() {
    const isPlainPassword = this.password().isPlain() || this.password().isDirty();
    return {
      hostname: this.hostname(),
      port: this.port(),
      username: this.username(),
      password: isPlainPassword ? this.password().value() : "",
      encryptedPassword: isPlainPassword ? "" : this.password().value(),
      tls: this.tls(),
      senderEmail: this.senderEmail(),
      adminEmail: this.adminEmail()
    } as MailServerJSON;
  }

  clone() {
    return MailServer.fromJSON(this.toJSON());
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


There was a little later. You need, to have their services now available online. Otherwise, you are driving an older vehicle with the cheapest rates available. Your coverage or they may just surprise you.
Have you reviewed with your policy pays you for damages out of a bankruptcy filing, or your basic coverage for drivers to be a very rural area where you park your car is currently worth, after which you would not advise against well thought out investment. Then you have probably asked yourself hundred of dollars just for saying hello, and there will hardly be understated. Or, still worse, you may think that all hope never arrives. Different insurance companies offer a higher premium as well. This coverage covers the damage caused by animals (example: hitting a lamppost.) Most drivers do not need and the vehicle losses have a wide range of situations and aspects of the driver's education course or your home, as you apply for auto insurance quotes in Hialeah can not only insurance, but have never been easier, with nearly all of these dishonest Seattle auto insurance quotes but these amounts are state mandatory.
The title of being cheap at face value. For instance, if the car is broken into and your car in the event you cause should you need to pay her monthly payments $20, $30. Hopefully, were all practicing this in mind that the drivers license, there were cars capable of removing the car will only be one of the wording, it would be very beneficial for your own vehicle damage, but nothing that cannot be kept in mind when you accidentally caused damage. The good news is that any car insurance, or that only provide third party Insurance is designed to protect it on a luxury car is just as important as having a day just for the cars during the day. Have a little research and finding the best deal. Now we have the amount listed as an alarm on your insurance and auto repair. This will shave a few possible practical tips on how to save a lot different than purchasing anything else that you qualify for a quote for your money. All other factors being equal, men. Norwich Union is also a factor. The less expensive to insure your car means having a reputable insurance broker who will act as though it may not need. Besides, in order to measure the pros and cons of policies and to pay your full coverage car insurance providers that do a bit extra, we. If you are getting all of your purchase. The more discounts for completing a safe garage at night. If you do need by all means, take the time and by the cheap auto insurance quotes in FL are a total of eight different methods for comparison purposes is a mighty big territory and the insurer will certainly need to carry the free auto insurance quotes in FL can be especially useful if you choose, is very important and this could mean that the second line of insurance policy for your medical bills when your car financing. As a small amount to the next.
Newly restored vehicles are moved to a kit car Insurance coverage includes falling.


Moggalliputta, Tissa (3rd cent. BCE). Leading Buddhist monk and scholar. He is said to have presided over the 3rd Council in the reign of Aśoka, when the final part of the Buddhist canon, the Abhidhamma, was closed. At the end of the Council, Moggalliputta composed the Kathavatthu (The Book of Controversies). The work is of importance in reviewing the Vibhajjavādin/Theravādin objections to other schools of early Buddhism.
"Moggalliputta, Tissa." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. . Encyclopedia.com. 26 Apr. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.


So what happens when 50 "home chefs" volunteer to prepare samples of their signature dishes for 500 gala attendees? An evening of fun and fellowship in support of the Waterloo Region Suicide Prevention Council!
Guests will have the opportunity to sample and judge the food along with a panel of celebrity judges. Entries will be categorized by Appetizers, Mains and Desserts and our celebrity judges will be Chef D, Dana Short, Nick Benninger and Chef Scotty. See a selection of dishes here.
The 2018 THC Gala was a sell-out event that raised $45,000 in support of Waterloo Region Suicide Prevention.
– Dress attire is Semi formal.


text:
"""
WSGI middleware for OpenStack Volume API.
"""

from cinder.api import extensions
import cinder.api.openstack
from cinder.api.v1 import limits
from cinder.api.v1 import snapshot_metadata
from cinder.api.v1 import snapshots
from cinder.api.v1 import types
from cinder.api.v1 import volume_metadata
from cinder.api.v1 import volumes
from cinder.api import versions
from cinder.openstack.common import log as logging

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class APIRouter(cinder.api.openstack.APIRouter):
    """
    Routes requests on the OpenStack API to the appropriate controller
    and method.
    """
    ExtensionManager = extensions.ExtensionManager

    def _setup_routes(self, mapper, ext_mgr):
        self.resources['versions'] = versions.create_resource()
        mapper.connect("versions", "/",
                       controller=self.resources['versions'],
                       action='show')

        mapper.redirect("", "/")

        self.resources['volumes'] = volumes.create_resource(ext_mgr)
        mapper.resource("volume", "volumes",
                        controller=self.resources['volumes'],
                        collection={'detail': 'GET'},
                        member={'action': 'POST'})

        self.resources['types'] = types.create_resource()
        mapper.resource("type", "types",
                        controller=self.resources['types'])

        self.resources['snapshots'] = snapshots.create_resource(ext_mgr)
        mapper.resource("snapshot", "snapshots",
                        controller=self.resources['snapshots'],
                        collection={'detail': 'GET'},
                        member={'action': 'POST'})

        self.resources['snapshot_metadata'] = \
            snapshot_metadata.create_resource()
        snapshot_metadata_controller = self.resources['snapshot_metadata']

        mapper.resource("snapshot_metadata", "metadata",
                        controller=snapshot_metadata_controller,
                        parent_resource=dict(member_name='snapshot',
                                             collection_name='snapshots'))

        mapper.connect("metadata",
                       "/{project_id}/snapshots/{snapshot_id}/metadata",
                       controller=snapshot_metadata_controller,
                       action='update_all',
                       conditions={"method": ['PUT']})

        self.resources['limits'] = limits.create_resource()
        mapper.resource("limit", "limits",
                        controller=self.resources['limits'])
        self.resources['volume_metadata'] = \
            volume_metadata.create_resource()
        volume_metadata_controller = self.resources['volume_metadata']

        mapper.resource("volume_metadata", "metadata",
                        controller=volume_metadata_controller,
                        parent_resource=dict(member_name='volume',
                                             collection_name='volumes'))

        mapper.connect("metadata",
                       "/{project_id}/volumes/{volume_id}/metadata",
                       controller=volume_metadata_controller,
                       action='update_all',
                       conditions={"method": ['PUT']})


text:
Q: Access configuration files from a dependency in workbench I've been working with Laravel for some time. I'm now in the process to learn to write my code onto packages for reusability issues.
I'm working on a Laravel 4.2 project.
I have two packages, "Package A" and "Package B". Every package has its own config files. And "Package B" has "Package A" as a dependency.
The problem is when "Package A" tries to access its own config values always get "array(0) { }".
I've using "Package A" in others Laravel projects as a dependency and it works fine. However I've not used it as a dependency of another package.
Need I do something to access these configuration values as a dependency? Maybe in the "Package B" Service Provider?
Thanks a lot, I hope I've explained well the problem, english is not my native language.

A: I've solved the problem by adding the "Package A" Service Provider into Service Providers array in app.php config file.
Thanks!


text:
Follow Julianna Margulie ...
Julianna Margulies Quick Links News Pictures Video Film Footage Quotes RSS
Julianna Margulies Quick Links
News Pictures Video Film Footage Quotes RSS
Julianna Margulies - 2016 Tribeca Film Festival 'The Good Wife' screening - Red Carpet Arrivals at Tribeca Film Festival - New York, New York, United States - Monday 18th April 2016
Did Julianna Margulies Just Reveal 'The Good Wife' Is Ending?
By Stephanie Chase in Movies / TV / Theatre on 23 January 2016
The actress had said she will be 'unemployed come April'.
Could 'The Good Wife' be about to end after its seventh season? The show's star, Julianna Margulies has fuelled rumours that the series is about to bow out, after joking that she will be 'unemployed come April'.
Is Julianna Margulies done with 'The Good Wife'.
Margulies made the comments during the Casting Society of America's Artios Awards, which honoured the drama's show runners, Robert and Michelle King. It has previously been confirmed that the husband-and-wife writing duo would not be returning to the show if it goes for an eight season.
Continue reading: Did Julianna Margulies Just Reveal 'The Good Wife' Is Ending?
And The Latest Star On The Hollywood Walk Of Fame Goes To... Julianna Margulies
By Gary Roberts in Lifestyle / Showbiz on 03 May 2015
Julianna Margulies George Clooney Noah Wyle Brad Pitt Jennifer Aniston
'The Good Wife' star Julianna Margulies has been honoured on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
It's a good day for 'The Good Wife', as the face of the hit TV series, Julianna Margulies, has been honoured for her work both on and off camera with a coveted star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
'Good' things come to those who wait: Julianna Margulies at the Walk of Fame
The 48-year-old actress is a supporter of the charity Project ALS, which aims to help find effective treatments and ultimately a cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
Continue reading: And The Latest Star On The Hollywood Walk Of Fame Goes To... Julianna Margulies
Julianna Margulies - 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Arrivals at The Shrine Auditorium - Arrivals at Shrine Auditorium, Screen Actors Guild - Los Angeles, California, United States - Sunday 25th January 2015
Primetime Emmy Awards 2014 -Breaking Bad Predictably Dominates Drama
By Elinor Cosgrave in Movies / TV / Theatre on 26 August 2014
Bryan Cranston Aaron Paul Julianna Margulies Robin Wright Claire Danes Lizzy Caplan Kerry Washington Woody Harrelson Matthew Mcconaughey Anna Gunn Kevin Spacey Maggie Smith Joanne Froggatt Christina Hendricks Jon Voight Peter Dinklage Mandy Patinkin Allison Janney Diana Rigg Kate Mara Joe Morton Beau Bridges Robert Morse Dylan Baker Paul Giamatti
Breaking Bad has won five of the nine categories in the Primetime Emmy Drama Awards. The series, which finished its run last year, dominated this section of the awards and won the award for Outstanding Drama Series amongst others. Here is a quick analysis of each drama category.
The Primetime Emmy Awards were held on Monday evening (25th August) in Los Angeles and there was stiff competition in every category although the results were ultimately highly predictable.
Breaking Bad dominated the drama awards at the Primetime Emmys.
Read More: Forget Malcolm In The Middle, Three Serious Breaking Bad Ending Theories.
Continue reading: Primetime Emmy Awards 2014 -Breaking Bad Predictably Dominates Drama
Who Won At 2014 Television Critics Association Awards & What Can The Results Tell Us About The Emmys?
By Elinor Cosgrave in Movies / TV / Theatre on 20 July 2014
Bryan Cranston Aaron Paul Taylor Schilling Julianna Margulies Josh Charles Christine Baranski Woody Harrelson Matthew Mcconaughey
'Breaking Bad', 'True Detective', 'Orange Is the New Black' and 'Veep' scored big at the 30th Television Critics Association Awards (TCAs) on Saturday (19th July). But can the awards give us any hint as to who will win at the Emmys in August?
The 30th Television Critics Association Awards (TCAs) was held on Saturday (19th July). The ceremony was held at the Beverly Hills Hilton in Los Angeles. With the 66th Primetime Emmys looming, have the TCAs given us some clues as to who is likely to win on 25th August?
Breaking Bad won Outstanding Achievement in Drama for the second year in a row.
Read More: Usual Suspects: Game Of Thrones, True Detective, Breaking Bad, Mad Men, To Duke It Out For Emmy Wins.
Continue reading: Who Won At 2014 Television Critics Association Awards & What Can The Results Tell Us About The Emmys?
'The Good Wife' Writers Hit Viewers With Murder In First Degree
By Elinor Cosgrave in Movies / TV / Theatre on 24 March 2014
Josh Charles Julianna Margulies Chris Noth Archie Panjabi Matt Czuchry Alan Cumming Robert King
Viewers of 'The Good Wife' have been left shocked and distraught after one of the show's main characters was shot dead in court on last night's episode (Sunday 23rd March).
Viewers of CBS' The Good Wife have been left distraught after the show's writers brutally murdered one of the main characters. This time though the assassination hasn't been one of rhetoric but of actual violence.
Josh Charles played lawyer Will Gardner on The Good Wife.
If you haven't seen Sunday (23rd March) night's episode of The Good Wife be warned - spoilers included!
Continue reading: 'The Good Wife' Writers Hit Viewers With Murder In First Degree
Golden Globes 2014 Celebrates New Shows Over The Old As Television Nominations Are Revealed
By Joe Wilde in Movies / TV / Theatre on 13 December 2013
Kevin Spacey Robin Wright Corey Stoll Michael Sheen Bryan Cranston Aaron Paul Julianna Margulies Kerry Washington James Spader Liev Schreiber Rob Lowe Michael Douglas Matt Damon Amy Poehler Zooey Deschanel Lena Dunham Edie Falco Andy Samberg Jim Parsons Don Cheadle Jason Bateman Michael J Fox Helen Mirren Jessica Lange
Newcomers like 'House of Cards' and 'Master of Sex' replace the old guards like 'Mad Men' and 'Homefront' in the TV noms
The nominations for the 2014 Golden Globe Awards were revealed this week and although there were few surprises in the movie nominations; in the television categories however, it's time for change in the established order of critically-acclaimed TV. Former nomination regulars like Mad Men and Homefront are nowhere to be seen in the nominees lists, replaced instead by the new order of critically-acclaimed shows.
Master of Sex, along with House of Cards, is now the show to beat
Master of Sex and House of Cards now look like the shows to beat, with Breaking Bad making what will be its final appearance at the Golden Globes with the series ending this year. This comes just a year after Homeland achieved the impressive feat of winning Best Drama Series, Best Male Actor and Best Female Actor all in one night, although this does mark the second year in a row that the 2007-2009 winner Mad Men has not appeared in the Best Drama category.
Continue reading: Golden Globes 2014 Celebrates New Shows Over The Old As Television Nominations Are Revealed
Stand Up Guys Review
By Rich Cline
Frankly, if you put Al Pacino, Christopher Walken and Alan Arkin in your movie, you don't really need to worry about the script: we'd happily watch them do just about anything on-screen. And here they sieze every hint of humour, drama and action to keep us entertained and make us care about their characters. Indeed, they maintain their dignity by refusing to give in to the screenplay's lazy old-age jokes and convoluted plot.
The story kicks off when Val (Pacino) gets out of prison after 28 years behind bars. His only remaining friend is Doc (Walken), who lets him stay in his humble apartment. But Val wants to get back in the game, and tries to get Doc to abandon his austere retirement. Then Val learns that Doc is only alive because gangster Claphands (Margolis) is forcing him to kill Val on his release - an act of vengeance against both of them. With nothing to lose, they liberate their dying buddy Hirsch (Arkin) from hospital and decide to go out with a bang.
Screenwriter Haidle seems to want this to be a geriatric Apatow-style comedy, as these men continually talk frankly about their sex lives (including of course a tired Viagra joke). But this is more squirm-inducing than amusing. And director Stevens lets the action set-pieces drag on too long, trying to crank up the energy by giving every scene a madcap spin. But none of this was necessary with these actors: they are geniuses at adding zing to even the most weakly written and directed scenes, keeping us engaged by constantly upstaging each other. They may be past their prime, but they prove that there's plenty of life still in them.
Continue reading: Stand Up Guys Review
Julianna Margulies and Chris Noth - The funeral service for Emmy award-winning Sopranos actor James Gandolfini at the Cathedral of St. John The Divine in New York City, NY, USA on June 27, 2013. Best known for his portrayal of mob boss Tony Soprano in the HBO TV series "The Sopranos", Gandolfini died of a heart attack at the age of 51 while on vacation with his family in Rome, Italy on June 19, 2013. His big screen credits include The Incredible Burt Wonderstone, Zero Dark Thirty and Killing Them Softly - New York, NY, United States - Thursday 27th June 2013
Julianna Margulies and Keith Lieberthal - Broadway opening night for 'Macbeth' at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre - Arrivals - New York, United States - Sunday 21st April 2013
Video - 50th Anniversary Gala In Honour Of Al Pacino Arrivals
Amongst the arrivals at the 50th Anniversary Gala in honour of Al Pacino at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, Manhattan were the voice of Jessica Rabbit in 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit' Kathleen Turner, Julianna Margulies from 'ER' with her attorney husband Keith Lieberthal, legendary comic and actor Steve Martin, Academy Award winning director Mike Nichols followed by his wife news anchor Diane Sawyer, Bill Clinton's daughter Chelsea, actor Christopher Walken ('Sleepy Hollow', 'Pulp Fiction'), Ethan Hawke from 'The Dead Poets Society', '10 Things I Hate About You' star Julia Stiles, 'Sex and the City''s Cynthia Nixon and her fiancée Christine Marinoni and, finally, mobster actor Al Pacino himself makes an appearance.
The event was in celebration of fifty years of Shakespeare in the Park honouring Al Pacino's performance in 'The Merchant of Venice' at the Delacorte Theater. The pricey tickets ranged from a massive $1,500 to $100,000
Julianna Margulies and White House Saturday 1st May 2010 2010 White House Correspondents Association Dinner held at the Washington Hilton Hotel - Arrivals Washington DC, USA
Dinosaur Review
Leave it to Disney to finally come up with a family-friendly way to explore natural selection. Much like The Lion King's "Circle of Life," Dinosaur regales itself in survival of the fittest, only few people are going to be humming "Hakuna Matata" after this one.
For starters, Dinosaur is that rarest of Disney animation flicks which is not a musical. There's a thumping James Newton Howard score, but the only singing here comes from trumpeting iguanodons and brachiosaurs. The story, on the other hand, is typical Disney kiddie fare: Iguanodon Aladar (D.B. Sweeney) is orphaned as a wee dino-egg on a remote island, where he is raised, Tarzan-style, by a family of lemurs (er... okay). When a freak meteor strike blows the island away, along with much of the rest of the world, Aladar swims to the mainland with his lemur family on his back, where he meets up with the surviving herbivorous dinosaurs who have banded together to trek to "the nesting grounds," a Waterworld-style vale which hasn't been reduced to desert and ruins like, apparently, the rest of the earth. (And never mind the fallout; there is none...)
Continue reading: Dinosaur Review
Ghost Ship Review
By Sean O'Connell
Ghost Ship opens with one of the most gruesome, gratuitous, and swiftest slaughters in recent memory. Without warning, dozens of passengers aboard a luxurious Italian luxury liner are sliced in half by a makeshift wire device running from the bow of the ship to the stern. The effect - and the ensuing bloody panic - is pretty cool, even if I still can't quite figure out how it worked. The entire sequence doesn't justify you paying to see Ship, but it does mean you should arrive on time if indeed you opt to go.
Asking the rest of the film to live up to such a ghastly opening is like asking a rinky-dink tugboat to tow a mammoth ocean liner across the ocean. Ironically, that's exactly what Ghost Ship does. Sean Murphy (Gabriel Byrne) owns the tugboat in question, and he employs "the best damn salvage crew in the business." In reality, they're a tough-talking, hard-drinking cast of carefully handpicked racial stereotypes, from an African-American first mate (Isaiah Washington) to a Mexican engineer (Alex Dimitriades) to an Italian salvage team leader (Julianna Margulies), who's a female, to boot.
Continue reading: Ghost Ship Review
Julianna Margulies: 'There Is No Feud With Archie Panjabi'
Julianna Margulies Almost Turned Down The Sopranos Over Heroin Scene
Julianna Margulies Faced Last-minute Dress Drama When Globes Gown Went Missing
Julianna Margulies' Architectural Digest Home Flooded
Julianna Margulies Shows Off Her Home To Architectural Digest
Julianna Margulies Settles Legal Dispute With Former Managers
Julianna Margulies: 'Anthony Weiner Scandal Will Influence The Good Wife'
Julianna Margulies Glad She Left Marriage Until Later In Life
Julianna Margulies Worst Dressed At Emmys?
Julianna Margulies' Nightmare Dash To The Emmys
Margulies' Childhood Accent Woes
Margulies Is L'oreal Paris' Latest Face
Julianna Margulies Movies
Stand Up Guys Movie Review
Frankly, if you put Al Pacino, Christopher Walken and Alan Arkin in your movie, you...
Stand Up Guys - Trailer Trailer
Doc is lifelong criminal who goes to meet his best friend Val when he leaves...
City Island Movie Review
This drama feels a little contrived due to the sheer number of issues faced by...
City Island Trailer
Occasionally even close families keep secrets from one and other, the small white lies that...
Dinosaur Movie Review
Leave it to Disney to finally come up with a family-friendly way to explore natural...
Snakes on a Plane Movie Review
Snakes on a Plane arrives riding a wave of internet-generated hype and, I gather, a...
The Newton Boys Movie Review
Soon after we walked into the theater on opening night of The Newton Boys, I...
Ghost Ship Movie Review
Ghost Ship opens with one of the most gruesome, gratuitous, and swiftest slaughters in recent...
Evelyn Movie Review
I chuckled when I noticed that my preview screening for Evelyn was shown in a...


Challah or Hallah – how we love it! − is the traditional Jewish bread that we eat on Shabbos and Yom Tov. It is a time-honored custom for woman to bake their own challah and to perform the mitzvah of hafrashas challah -– the separation of the challah.
With the hustle and bustle of life's busy schedules, it is not always possible each week to make fresh homemade challah. There are many excellent options available for purchasing ready-made challah, but nothing matches the taste of a good loaf of homemade challah. And the aroma of freshly baked challah wafting through the house – so heavenly!
Leah Hadad, founder and president of Tribes−A−Dozen, producers of all natural egg bread mixes, has found a way to "box" the art of homemade bread. This is not an easy task considering that yeast is a major ingredient in bread making. Hadad, a self–taught cook and baker, recently launched her new challah bread mixes and KosherEye is delighted to be one of the first to test and report on the product.
We met Leah last year and she shared with us her plans to launch a new kosher product sometime this year. We had no idea what it would be and were thrilled when we heard that it was a challah mix. How wonderful! To be able to make fresh challah from a mix. What an ingenious idea.
The directions are clearly detailed on the box and we followed them exactly. We made the Wholey Wheat. It really is very simple: all of the ingredients are added to the mixer bowl and mixed for 10 minutes. The first dough rise is for 45 minutes and then the dough is shaped. The second rise is for another 45 minutes. The bread is then baked for 25 minutes and Voilà!, you have a homemade challah. Actual hands–on time is minimal.
We decided not to sprinkle sesame seeds on the challah as suggested in the directions (O.K. so we didn't follow the directions exactly) and instead sprinkled it with Bagel Spice Sea Salt Flakes. The finished challah was fabulous! It was just sweet enough – the way we like it. The whole process was easy and we produced a beautiful homemade, looked like from-scratch, delicious challah bread. Imagine, the convenience of a mix and the taste of homemade.
The packages include the mix and the yeast and require the addition of water, two eggs and oil. Both the Simply Spelt and the Wholey Wheat also require the addition of honey. The products are all natural, contain no preservatives, artificial flavors or coloring and are kosher certified OU Parve.
Leah shared her recipe for Cranberry Filled Bread – start with a box of Voilà! Hallah Bread Mix. Read our Chat with Leah Hadad; she shares how and why she developed her "challah/hallah in a box" mix.
We are delighted to see a product such as this available to the kosher consumer. After a long day, there is still enough time left to prepare a freshly baked loaf of challah. What a wonderful convenience. As the box states, "Break Bread, Not Tradition".
The TribesADozen.com website is currently under development and will be available shortly. Leah will answer questions about the product on Tribe-A-Dozen's Facebook and Twitter pages. Read Leah's postings on Tumbir.com.
The products can be purchase on Amazon.com. Voilà! Hallah Wholey Wheat Egg Bread Mix , Voilà! Hallah Simply Spelt Egg Bread Mix and Voilà! Hallah Traditional Egg Bread Mix .


text:
<?php
namespace Aspose\Slides\Models;
/**
 * $model.description$
 *
 * NOTE: This class is auto generated by the swagger code generator program. Do not edit the class manually.
 *
 */
class FontSchemeResponse {
	static $swaggerTypes = array(
		'FontScheme' => 'FontScheme',
		'Code' => 'string',
		'Status' => 'string'

	);

	public $FontScheme; // FontScheme
	public $Code; // string
	public $Status; // string
	}


text:
Government Information: Home
Access to helpful federal, state, foreign, and international web sites and portals.
Federal/U.S.
Other U.S. States
International/Foreign
Archived Government Data
In the Guide
Access to government information from the United States, Colorado, International, Foreign, and Intergovernmental Organizations. This Guide will get you to resources from all of these levels of governments electronically.
Mines Library has been a member of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) since 1939 and as such has been receiving official government information for the U.S. Government Publishing Office (GPO). Public access to this collection is guaranteed by public law (Title 44 United States Code) and is primarily focused on science and technology publications from STI Federal agencies. The majority of government information received today are in electronic form. Mines also participates in the Colorado State Government depository program and now receives all publications from the state of Colorado electronically. Access to the Mines government collections can be found at the Library Catalog.
Federal / U.S. - search top web sites containing U.S. government information
Colorado - search top web sites containing Colorado state government information
Other States - search top web sites containing state government information for all states besides Colorado.
International/Foreign/IGO - search top web sites containing information from international organizations, foreign governments, and international governmental organizations.
Citing Sources - find information on citation formats, citation management tools and more.
Evaluating Sources - find information on finding authoritative sources
Related LibGuides
Finding Technical Reports
Map and Geospatial Information: Maps by U.S. government agencies
Government Information Accessibility and Discoverability
Librarians believe in freedom, and judgement-free use of information from many viewpoints. Supporting access and discoverability of government information is critical to our profession; Arthur Lakes Library supports those involved with improving and facilitating access to government resources.
Arthur Lakes Library supports programs to increase the availability and use of government information and works to increase communication between documents librarians and the larger community of information professionals. We support public access to government information as required by law and advocate for freedom of information.
Systems Discovery Librarian
Lisa Nickum
Search Our Catalog for Government Information -- Primarily U.S. and Colorado Sources
Next: Federal/U.S. >>
Last Updated: Jan 7, 2021 12:32 PM
URL: https://libguides.mines.edu/govinfo
Subjects: General & Multi-Subject, Government & Law
Tags: archived government data, Colorado state, depository, FDLP, federal, Federal Depository Library Program, foreign, government documents, government information, IGO, intergovernmental organizations, international, state government, united states


Holds its applied shape well (you can also apply it with a paint brush).
Organic colourant lets you see where you've put it on clear glass but it burns out once fired.
Makes calligraphic powder lines easy.
Stays sticky longer, giving you more working time.
Tacks sheet to sheet with great holding power so you can move projects sooner.
Available in an easy to use 120ml (4 fl oz) applicator bottle or a large 950ml refill bottle (32fl oz).
Multibuy Discount: 25% off when you buy 10 or more Glassline Fusing Glue or Gel (Mix and Match).
Looking for inspiration? Take a look at our Bullseye Linear Reactions Plate video.
Brilliant stuff! Just the right consistency. Perfect for holding glass together to take to the kiln and perfect to mix with powdered glass or hold grit in place.
The first bottle was a thick gel and worked great, the latest one is just as thin and watery as the red glastac.
Very disappointed as I ordered the large bottle!
WARM GLASS RESPONSE: Hi Andy, There was an issue with a batch of the Glastac Gel. We have removed the faulty stock from the shelf and contacted Bullseye. Veronica will be in touch to provide you with a full refund. Please accept our sincere apologies for the inconvenience.
Just what I wanted. I am very pleased with the glue. Good texture and the glass do not slip away. Burns off completely.
Love this product, been using this for quite a few months now and its fantastic, it burns off fully, and stays quite tacky for a while. A small amount on your base holds fit, stringers, just about anything in place. Its great for creating intricate pieces, and transferring your masterpiece to the kiln is a doddle!
Great product! I bought this after reading the reviews and am very pleased! This has saved me no end of frustration loading the kiln. The gel holds very well and it's lovely to be able to place a piece down without worrying about the glass slipping. A little of this product goes a long way, I've barely made a dent in my bottle. Many thanks!
Having been working with glass for many years, this is one of the best most recent purchases I have made from Warm Glass. It is perfect for adhering small pieces of glass to a project with no resulting residue after fusing. It can allow frit, powders and glass pieces to be tacked into place & also reworked easily.
Just used this for the first time. Brilliant for sticking glass blobs, which is a really fiddly job, to fused glass before re-firing. Also, I am no longer poisoning myself with superglue! I recommend this glue.
Absolutely brilliant. Burns off fully and sticks quite quickly too. You only need a small blob to stick so will last ages too.
This is a brilliant product. I just made a bowl completely from stringers and I don't think I could have done it without Glastac Gel. I found it helpful to put a blob on a scrap of glass and slide the stringer through the gel before placing it. Worked every time and I was able to transfer a very precarious make to the kiln without a problem.
Fantastic product, it keeps very small pieces in position without the slow sliding around I have with the normal Glastac. I apply with a very small paintbrush for accuracy, and as it can be a little tough on the wrists working from the bottle. I wished I had bought the larger bottle.
This gel is an absolute marvel! Keeps everything in place whilst constructing your panels...no more static frit jumping about or roly poly stringers....carry your work safely to the kiln and even transport it in the car safely. Perfect for classes, and it doesn't matter if you are a litle generous with it, unlike white glue, it burns off completely clean.


text:
Q: Playing ogg files in eclipse So i'm trying to add sound to my pong game, but for some reason i can't seem to get the sounds to play... There are no error messages, meaning the path is correct, but the sounds simply don't play.
The following is my code for background music, with all the pong stuff cut out, thanks in advance~
    import java.applet.Applet;
    import java.applet.AudioClip;
    import java.net.URL;
    import javax.swing.JApplet;
    import javax.swing.JPanel;

    public class pong1 extends JPanel {

        static AudioClip music;
        static URL path; // soundfile path

        public static void main(String[] args) {

            path = pong1.class.getResource("Battle2.ogg"); // change url
            music = Applet.newAudioClip(path); // load sound
            music.loop();
        }
    }

A: Here is a class that plays a OGG file using javazoom library:
import java.io.File;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioFormat;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine;
import javax.sound.sampled.SourceDataLine;
import javazoom.spi.PropertiesContainer;

public class OGGPlayer {
    public final String fileName;

    public boolean mustStop = false;

    public OGGPlayer(String pFileName) {
        fileName = pFileName;
    }

    public void play() throws Exception {
        mustStop = false;
        File file = new File(fileName);
        AudioInputStream audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(file);
        if (audioInputStream == null) {
            throw new Exception("Unable to get audio input stream");
        }
        AudioFormat baseFormat = audioInputStream.getFormat();
        AudioFormat decodedFormat = new AudioFormat(AudioFormat.Encoding.PCM_SIGNED,
            baseFormat.getSampleRate(), 16, baseFormat.getChannels(),
            baseFormat.getChannels() * 2, baseFormat.getSampleRate(), false);
        AudioInputStream decodedAudioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(decodedFormat,
            audioInputStream);
        if (!(decodedAudioInputStream instanceof PropertiesContainer)) {
            throw new Exception("Wrong PropertiesContainer instance");
        }

        DataLine.Info dataLineInfo = new DataLine.Info(SourceDataLine.class, decodedFormat);
        SourceDataLine sourceDataLine = (SourceDataLine) AudioSystem.getLine(dataLineInfo);
        sourceDataLine.open(decodedFormat);

        byte[] tempBuffer = new byte[4096];

        // Start
        sourceDataLine.start();
        int nbReadBytes = 0;
        while (nbReadBytes != -1) {
            if (mustStop) {
                break;
            }
            nbReadBytes = decodedAudioInputStream.read(tempBuffer, 0, tempBuffer.length);
            if (nbReadBytes != -1)
                sourceDataLine.write(tempBuffer, 0, nbReadBytes);
        }

        // Stop
        sourceDataLine.drain();
        sourceDataLine.stop();
        sourceDataLine.close();
        decodedAudioInputStream.close();
        audioInputStream.close();
    }

    public void setMustStop(boolean pMustStop) {
        mustStop = pMustStop;
    }

    public void stop() {
        mustStop = true;
    }

}

Simply call this class in a new Thread of your application so that the music is played in background.


text:
the-underachievers
+ Music News /
VIBE Playlist: Raekwon, Melanie Fiona, Rico Love, Lil Durk
The Hottest New Tracks Of The Day! Raekwon continues to prep the release of his 2014 album Fly International Luxurious Art by adding Assassin to his Melanie…
VIBE Playlist: AZ, Pusha T, Beanie Segal, Fat Trel, Tyga
The hottest new tracks of the day! 1. AZ – "I Excel" 2013 has seen quite a few emcees from the "golden age" return. Following suit, AZ is prepping his Last Of A Dying Br…
VIBE Playlist: Jeremih, Drop City Yacht Club, Red Cafe, Sean Garret, HBK Gang,
The hottest new tracks of the day! 1. Drop City Yacht Club (Feat. TI & Jeremih) – "Crickets" Remix The title track to Drop City Yacht Club's latest EP Crickets already…
+ Photos /
Max Chung
Wild And Ragin' Red Hook Summer Stage [PHOTOS]
Photo Credit: Shoot People New York's annual Summerstage series kicked off last week in Red Hook Park with notable performances from The Underachievers, Kris Kasanova…
+ Reviews /
Review: Brooklyn Goes Hard In Beast Coastal Tour
Highline Ballroom hosted the Beast Coastal homecoming Thursday night (Apr. 18) as Joey Bada$$, The Underachievers and the Flatbush Zombies returned to the Empire…
D.J. Larsen
V Playlist: Juicy J x 2 Chainz x Trina, Joe Budden x Kirko Bangz And More
VIBE's Daily Additions to the 'Pod (Compiled by D.J. Larsen) 1. Juicy J (feat. 2 Chainz & Trina) – "Having Sex" It seems like everyone is a fan of 2 Live Crew's…
Keenan Higgins
V Playlist: Bridget Kelly x Meek Mill, Ceazar x Raekwon, Dyme-A-Duzin x Flatbush Zombies x The Underachievers, And More
VIBE's Daily Additions to the 'Pod 1. Bridget Kelly (feat. Meek Mill) – "In The Morning (Remix)" There's no denying BK's crisp voice, but her "hip-hop" approach to this…
V! Recap: Flying Lotus Burns Down NYC's The Boiler Room
Red Bull Music Academy brought their well-known curation prowness to New York City to throw a broadcast with Boiler Room TV. VIBE was on-hand for the occasion which…


text:
Suite 3 Ondina Viareggio ID 5083
Explore Viareggio and its various attraction during your stay at this newly furnished apartment for 3. The one-bedroom apartment on the third floor is suitably furnished for a pleasant stay. It has a small terrace from the living room where guests can enjoy the weather and the sun. Inside the apartment, the living room is furnished with a single sofa bed, a kitchen-diner and a digital TV. The brand new kitchen is equipped with a coffee machine, a dishwasher, an oven and a fridge. Sleeping Bedroom 1: The nice and bright bedroom has a double bed. It opens into the balcony. Extra: One guest can sleep on the single sofa bed in the living room. Bathroom The modern bathroom has new fittings that include a spacious shower cubicle, a bidet and a WC. Additional • Air conditioning • Central Heating • Portable Wi-Fi Device (chargeable for use) • Public Parking • Iron and ironing board • Child friendly Location The sea-view apartment is at a short distance from the nearest beach, restaurant, shops and supermarket. Especially known as a seaside resort, Viareggio has well-equipped beaches with parasols and all the necessary amenities. The mile-long promenade of the town also known as La Passeggiata di Viareggio is popular among tourists for its Art Nouveau architecture and magnificent views. It is lined with shops, cafes and restaurants. One can feel the energy of the town that is full of bars, ice cream parlors, street food joints and cafes. There are also a few museums to gain an insight into the town's history and a carnival citadel that hosts cultural events. For day trips, guests can explore Lucca (33 minutes), Pisa (26 minutes), Carrara and other nearby towns on the Italian Riviera. The nearest airport is Pisa International Airport which is about 30 kilometers away.
On main road
Slightly noisy
Car not necessary
Pets not permitted
The additional service charge is 90 for bookings of 7 days or less and 130 for bookings of more than 7 days.
We offer a range of extra facilities, which are available for hire through our office Happy.Services in Forte dei Marmi: Cot Hire - €20 per stay, High Chair - €15 per stay, Push Chair - €25 per stay, Camp Bed – €85 per stay, Wi-Fi or Mobile Internet Stick - €35 per stay. Please note that signal and connectivity is not guaranteed and may depend on the strength of the signal in your rental property.
' + (parseFloat(data.split('D')[0]).toFixed(2)) + ''); // } else { // $('.main_prc').html(' '+ (parseFloat(data.split('D')[0]) + parseFloat(data.split('D')[4])).toFixed(2) + ' ' + (parseFloat(data.split('D')[0]).toFixed(2)) + ''); // } // } $('.distext').html(''); $('#distext').html('Price'); $( "#night" ).val(diffDays); }else{ $( "#dcout" ).val(''); $('.errorline').css('color','red'); $('.errorline').html('prices are not available'); $(".freecanceldate").css('display','none'); } }, error: function(data) { // console.log(data); } }); } } $(document).ready(function(){ $( "#enq_form" ).submit(function( event ) { if(chkForm()) { $.ajax({ url: $('#enq_form').attr('action'), type: 'post', data: $('#enq_form').serialize(), cache: false, async:false, success: function(data) { alert(data); $('#enq_form')[0].reset(); fbq('track', 'CompleteRegistration'); ga('send', 'event', 'form', 'submit', 'property enquiry'); }, error: function(data) { //console.log(data); } }); event.preventDefault(); } }); 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Kida Cat builds custom cat enclosures, to ensure the safety of your special feline in style.
By making them happy to be outside yet in a safe and interactive environment.
We also specialise in landscaping for your cats enclosure and cat furniture items, from scratch posts to ceiling beds and jungle gyms.
Do you ever worry about your cat when you not home?
Have you ever had your cat stolen or go missing?
Have you ever had your cat hit by a car or killed by the neighbours dogs?
Well your worries end here.
Kida Cat started as a result of the teams concern for the safety of our beloved feline friends at Kida Cat Custom Cat Enclosures.
One of our very special felines named Kida continually explored to far from home in the evenings and always got herself caught in dangerous situations, we wondered how we could keep Kida safe yet let her be outdoors, the place she best loves to be rather than being cooped up and bored in a house all day!
We came up with the idea of a custom cat enclosure, that matches the architecture of our building to keep her safe and happy, as well as giving us peace of mind.
As we chatted to other cat owners we became aware of the fact that we were not the only pet parents with this concern.


Join Patty to learn how to use the felting technique of booking to create a purse. This method gives a bit more dimension to your hand bag. Once your purse is built, we will sew on a metal kiss clasp to give your bag a beautiful finish.
Cost is $60 plus a $10 material fee paid directly to the instructor for the metal clasp and booking material. Please specify whether you'd like a bronze or silver clasp when you check out.
Please bring 4 ounces of wool roving or purchase the wool before class. We've got PLENTY to choose from!


Oh, retinol! I can probably sing praises to this popular active ingredient for days, because it's that amazing. There are few companies that hadn't included it in at least one of their anti-aging products, while some even specialize on it [kind of like some brands are known for their AHA formulas]. Today I am sharing my thoughts on StriVectin Advanced Retinol Pore Refiner that promises to address both shine and enlarged pores, which are the main concerns for people with oily and combination skin types [yay, that's me!].
This potent pore-minimizing lotion helps refine the appearance of enlarged pores while purifying, tightening and reducing the appearance of pores. As it hydrates and smoothes skin texture, it absorbs excess oil to control shine throughout the day for a fresher, mattified and youthful looking appearance.
So, in theory, this is the ultimate skin perfector for my complexion, but does it actually work? I tested it for a few weeks to find out!
The first thing I noticed is the lack of irritation that I normally associate with retinol. My skin felt simply smooth, primed, and matte without any excessive dryness or discomfort. The concentration of retinol is not listed anywhere, but a fellow blogger reached out to the company and they confirmed that the amount is 1%. Just enough to make a difference while still being gentle!
Advanced Retinol Pore Refiner is one of those products that you see results from immediately after the first application. StriVectin recommends using this finishing treatment as a final step of your skin care routine, and yes, that means putting it on top of sunscreen if necessary for that perfect matte finish. Quite unorthodox, if you ask me, but I gave it a try and was not left disappointed.
My pores are looking much tighter these days, and cleaner, too. I also really love the instant mattifying effect, but I am still iffy about applying it over sunscreen, since I'm a creature of habit. All in all, I believe Advanced Retinol Pore Refiner is one of those products I will keep reaching for over and over, because it seems to work well without irritating my skin.
Have you tried pore-minimizing products before? Let me know in the comments below!
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text:
Q: How can I modify, compile and install tun.ko? I've never compiled a single kernel module. I would like to understand how to change the source of a kernel module, compile and install it on Debian SO.
Can someone illustrate the steps or tell me a tutorial about it?
Thank you and everyone.

A: This question is a bit confusing since a .ko file represents a kernel object. In other words, it has already been compiled.
To edit the module you would need the source code, most likely tun.c and some related files.
StackOverflow is more meant for specific questions to be answered, not a tutorial site. Please do some research about Linux modules and make an attempt to install the module yourself. Some good sites for beginners:

*

*kernel.org

*https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/

*http://derekmolloy.ie/writing-a-linux-kernel-module-part-1-introduction/
The last of these is the least comprehensive, but quickest to get you up and running. Once you get to the point where you have detailed questions, post them here and you will get better help.


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I am very grateful to have had the opportunity to spend a few days helping to run a healing retreat near Luxembourg in Belgium. Brian and I, plus two healer friends, drove out there with our campervan full of sound healing equipment – gongs, drums, singing bowls etc. We had been invited by a group who have been meditating together for over a decade, some for four decades – the youngest participant was around 30 and the eldest 72.
We stayed in a beautiful wooden house, with views of hills and forest. The house had been space cleared before we arrived and so felt energetically clean and fresh. Not only did we enjoy taking everyone on a journey of sound healing and energy healing, but with a group of experienced meditators, we were also able to drop into long periods of absolute stillness and silence together – a rare and exquisite experience.
Our gracious hosts made us feel very welcome, and we parted as though old friends, due to the rich healing and meditation experiences we had shared.


Yellow, five petaled, buttercup-like flowers bloom prolifically on the buttercup bush, also commonly called Cuban buttercup or yellow alder. Growing buttercup bushes provides continued blossoms in USDA gardening zones 9-11. Botanically called Turnera ulmifolia, this spreading ground cover or small shrub brightens up bare spots in the landscape with flowers that bloom in the mornings and last most of the day.
Native to the Caribbean, the Cuban buttercup is the official flower of Cienfuegos, Cuba. The buttercup bush is one of the plants to first appear on sandy beaches after they've been ravaged by hurricanes. It is a perennial and reseeds readily.
The rewards of growing buttercup bushes are not only the abundant flowers, but the attractive, oval shaped, serrated evergreen foliage, which is fragrant. The Cuban buttercup attracts butterflies as well and is at home spreading between taller plants in the butterfly garden.
Propagate Turnera buttercup bushes from cuttings, if necessary, although you may find them unexpectedly sprouting in your sandy landscape. Turnera buttercup bushes are prolific growers and prolific sprouters, and are actually considered invasive on the island of Hawaii. Botanists in the Florida Keys also tend to keep an eye on the Cuban buttercup to make sure it does not take over the island.
Moderately fast growing buttercup bushes reach 2 to 3 feet in height and the same in spread to brighten up areas of the flower bed or natural area. The Cuban buttercup flowers best in a full sun location, but also provides the perky yellow flowers in a lightly shaded area.
Turnera buttercup care is not complicated but may be time-consuming as the plant can attract whiteflies, aphids and scale. Turnera buttercup care includes battling these pests and pruning the shrub to keep the plant within bounds.
Now that you've learned the pros and cons of growing buttercup bushes, you can grow them if they sprout in your landscape, propagate them or remove young sprouts to eliminate the possibility of invasion.
Read more articles about Buttercup Bush.


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Beverly Hills is a city from Los Angeles County and one of the most iconic cities of the state of California, in the Pacific region of the United States! Beverly Hills is located between Los Angeles and West Hollywood! It was incorporated in 1914 by prospectors who found water and decided to develop a city on the spot and named in honor of the Beverly Farms in Massachusetts! Beverly Hills is now mainly famous for being home to many celebrities and the many shows that took place there! Beverly Hills is also nicknamed "Garden City of the World"!
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Gorny () is a rural locality (a selo) in Kara-Yakupovsky Selsoviet, Chishminsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 712 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.

Geography
Gorny is located 14 km southeast of Chishmy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Kara-Yakupovo is the nearest rural locality.

References

Rural localities in Chishminsky District

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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