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Home / France / Call My Agent Filming Locations in Paris
Call My Agent Filming Locations in Paris
ByAndi Fisher Updated on August 27, 2022
Did you watch the Call My Agent series on Netflix and wonder what the film locations in Paris were? This is a game Mr. Misadventures and I play every time we watch a French series filmed in Paris, and Call My Agent, known as Dix Pour Cent in French, was no different! We absolutely loved this series and have already watched it a second time. The acting is superb and we get a real kick out of the new guest stars that appear in each episode! The series is about the ASK agency, a talent agency whose clients include actors, directors, writers, etc.
Besides the politics, wheeling-and-dealing, competition, and drama that takes place within the office, there is also the craziness that is associated with clients who are celebrities. There are absurd scenarios, but after working at Dolby for 5 years and navigating through that universe, I can, from experience, tell you I've seen it first hand and it can get crazy!
But I digress! This post is your guide to the film locations for each episode of the 4 Call My Agent seasons. There are some pretty cool locations that you just may want to include on your next trip to Paris!
ASK Agency
The actual interior scenes of the ASK (Agence Samuel Kerr) Agency take place in a studio (Studios d'Aubervilliers), but the office building scenes shot throughout all 4 seasons were filmed at 149 rue Saint-Honoré in the 1st Arrondissement. Also in the last sequence of the opening credits, the 4 main stars: Andréa Martel (Camille Cottin), Mathias Barneville (Thibault de Montalembert), Gabriel Sarda (Grégory Montel), and Arlette Azémar (Liliane Rovère) are walking under the arcade on Rue de Rivoli. The rooftop scenes in various episodes were filmed on top of Le Bon Coin office building at 85-87 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin in the 10th Arrondissement (thanks to the very thorough research done by Parisian Fields who uncovered some really interesting rooftop history during their search.).
Season 1, Episode 1 (Special guest star: Cécile de France)
In the opening scene, we see Gabriel on his scooter cruising along the Rue de Rivoli.
Gabriel goes to meet Cecile de France for a photoshoot at The Westin Paris – Vendôme in the 1st Arrondissement (3 Rue de Castiglione). I have stayed in this hotel countless times and seen a few celebrities and politicians in the halls, the restaurant, and the bar. It is also one of my favorite "public" restrooms!
Camille Valentini (played by Fanny Sidney) comes up the stairs of the Métro Palais-Royal – Musée du Louvre exit and enters the Place du Palais-Royal both in the 1st Arrondissement.
Camille meets with Mathias Barneville in the Westin restaurant called Le First. I have sat on those purple couches to eat my [très cher] breakfast buffet many, many times!
Gabriel and Andréa have a drink at the bar in Le Fumoir restaurant in the 1st Arrondissement.
Samuel Kerr leaves the ASK office on vacation and waves to the team standing on the balcony of 149 Rue Saint-Honoré in the 1st Arrondissement.
The lunch date spot where Cecile de France sees Gabriel and Sophie takes place at the Brasserie du Louvre, a Bocuse restaurant (which I've had the pleasure of eating at) located in the 1st arrondissement (1 Place André Malraux).
Mathias meets with the Tarantino film casting director (Miranda) in the Westin bar called the Bar Tuileries. I have had many a nightcap there!
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the bar where Cecile de France is learning to horseback ride; where Mathias has a conversation with the head of Star Media, François Brehier; and where Cecile de France goes for her lifting appointment.
Some of my favorite films with Cecile de France: (In French) Fauteuils d'orchestre (as Jessica) and Un Secret (as Tania Stirn). (In English) Around the World in 80 Days as Monique La Roche.
Season 1, Episode 2 (Special guest star: Françoise Fabian and Line Renaud)
Camille and Hervé André-Jezack (played by Nicolas Maury) are chatting and eating lunch in the arcade on the Rue de Rivoli.
Camille frantically rides a Velib down the Quai du Louvre, the Quai de la Mégisseri both in the 1st Arrondissement and passes the Pont de la Tournelle in the 5th Arrondissement.
The 4 agents meet with Madame Kerr in the Westin bar.
The doorway that Françoise Fabian walks out of is at 58 rue de Vaugirard in the 6th Arrondissement.
Andrea catches up with Françoise Fabian in the Jardin du Luxembourg in the 6th Arrondissement.
Mathias once again meets with Madame Kerr in the Westin bar.
The funeral of Samuel Kerr takes place at the famous Père Lachaise cemetery in the 20th Arrondissement (16 Rue du Repos).
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the flower shop Andréa shops for flower arrangements with Françoise Fabian; Garbiel's apartment; the restaurant where Gabriel meets Line Renaud; the spot where Andrea and Arlette have coffee; the hair salon where Line Renaud is getting her nails and hair done; and the bar where Camille and Hippolyte Rivière have a drink.
Some of my favorite films with Line Reanud: (In French) Bienvenue chez les ch'tis (as Madame Bailleul) and Madame Bailleul (as Simone).
Season 1, Episode 3 (Special guest star: Nathalie Baye and Laura Smet)
Andrea speaks with Clement, a tax auditor she previously dated at the Minister de Finance building known as "Bercy" (139 Rue de Bercy) in the 12th Arrondissement.
There is NO Théâtre du Cygne where Gabriel goes to see Sofia Leprince (played by Stéfi Celma) in a play.
After the play Sofia and Gabriel walk along Rue du Jourdain towards the Station de métro Jourdain in the 20th Arrondissement.
The apartment where Colette Brancillon (played by Ophélia Kolb) comes to question Andrea is located at 5 Rue du Mail in the 2nd Arrondissement.
Mathias meets with François Brehier on the Passerelle Debilly in the 16th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the post-Cesar cocktail party where Camille is starstruck when she runs into Gilles Lellouche and where Mathias introduces her to Dominique Besnehard; the square where Arlette is walking her dog as Mathias drives by at the end of the episode.
Some of my favorite films with Nathalie Baye: (In French) An Affair of Love (as Her) and Une Vie à t'attendre (as Jeanne) and Absolument Fabuleux (as Patricia). I also loved her in a TV series called Les Hommes de l'Ombre where she played Anne Visage. (In English) Catch Me If You Can as Paula Abagnale.
Season 1, Episode 4 (Special guest star: Audrey Fleurot)
The same public finance building known as "Bercy" where Andrea speaks with an auditor in episode 3 is also where Mathias accompanies Audrey Fleurot regarding a tax issue (139 Rue de Bercy) in the 12th Arrondissement.
Mathias Barneville's house is located across from Jardin du Ranelagh (1 Avenue Prudhon) in the 16th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the club where Audrey Fleurot takes striptease dance lessons, the cafe where Mattias is having a drink after visiting Audrey in her home (I suspect this is also the cafe where you often see the agents grabbing coffee or drink); and the hotel where Gabriel and Andrea meet to get info the bill for Samuel's mistress.
Some of my favorite films/TV series with Audrey Fleurot: (In French) Engrenages/Spiral (as Joséphine Karlsson); The Bonfire of Destiny (as Adrienne de Lenverpréand) and Un village français (as Hortense).
Season 1, Episode 5 (Special guest star: Julie Gayet and Joey Starr)
The chateau where Julie Gayet and Joey Starr were filming a period movie is the Château de Thoiry which is located in Thoiry outside of Paris (2 Rue du Pavillon de Montreuil). Thoiry is most famously known for its Zoo Safari Park.
Andrea's apartment where she and Colette start their day and where Gabriel picks up Andrea is 5 Rue du Mail in the 2nd Arrondissement.
The hotel where Gabriel and Andrea stay is the Logis Hôtel Au Bord du Lac located at 2 Rue de la Digue in Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France.
The bar (and the street outside the bar) where Camille has birthday drinks with her friends is Le Bar à Nenette (26 Rue de Lappe) in the 11th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the restaurant where Julie and Joey are set up to reconcile
Season 1, Episode 6 (Special guest star: François Berléand)
Mathias and Camille have dinner at Le First restaurant in the Westin Paris – Vendôme.
Closing scene the whole office is walking along the Rue de Rivoli and the Place du Palais Royal. Some of the cast splits off to take the metro at the Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre station.
Andrea and Arlette walk across the Pont Royal.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the coffee shop where Camille and Hippolyte meet; the bar where Andrea meets the director (Christophe Bel); the studio where Sophia auditions with the casting director; the salon where Mathias goes to speak with his wife Catherine Barneville (played by Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu); the road where Andrea and Collette have a fight (at night); and the location of the Dom Juan party.
Some of my favorite films with François Berléand: (In French) Le Siffleur (as both Armand and Maurice Teillard) and The Chorus (as Headmaster Rachin). (In English) all 3 Transporter movies as Inspector Tarconi.
Season 2, Episode 1 (Special guest star: Virginie Efira and Ramzy Bedia)
Ramzy and Virginie are interviewed about their new film in the Grand Rex, a cinema and concert venue in the 2nd Arrondissement (1 Boulevard Poissonnière).
Mathias and Camille have breakfast at Le First restaurant in the Westin Paris – Vendôme.
The ceremony for Andrea in her hometown where she encounters Hicham is the Mairie de Meulan located at 10 place Brigitte Gros in Meulan, France.
The Vivement Dimanche talk show with host Michel Drucker where Virginie and Ramzy reconcile is filmed in the Studio Gabriel (9 avenue Gabriel) in the 8th Arrondissement.
That gorgeous Eiffel Tower view in the restaurant where Ramzy and Virginie fire Mathias is Maison Pradier (1 place de Trocadéro) in the 16th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the Star Media office where Arlette threatens François Brehier; the hotel where Mathias temporarily lives; and the restaurant where François Brehier meets with Virginie.
Season 2, Episode 2 (Special guest star: Fabrice Luchini)
The bar where Gabriel and Andrea have a drink (or the street scene right before the scenes in the bar) is Le Sanz at 49 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine in the 11th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the gym where Andrea stalks Fabrice; the theatre where Fabrice meets Debbie (the casting director) and where Andrea and Fabrice meet at a party; the bar where Andrea receives a call from Debbie; and Fabrice Luchini's apartment!
Some of my favorite films with Fabrice Luchini: (In French)The Women on the 6th Floor (as Jean-Louis Joubert) and Bicycling with Molière (as Serge Tanneur).
Season 2, Episode 3 (Special guest star: Norman Thavaud)
The driving school where Norman tries to get his license is filmed at 48 rue de l'Assomption n the 16th Arrondissement.
Camille meets her mother for lunch in Le Grand Colbert restaurant which is inside the Paris passage Galerie Vivienne in the 2nd Arrondissement (2 Rue Vivienne).
Mathias and Catherine walk through the Palais Royale after that lunch.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the chateau/manoir where Hicham's son has his birthday party.
Season 2, Episode 4 (Special guest star: Isabelle Adjani)
The studio where Gabriel and Sofia go to meet Julien Doré is Studios Ferber, 56 Rue du Capitaine Ferber in the 20th Arrondissement.
Isabelle Adjani and Mathias walk past the Basilica Sainte-Clotilde (23B Rue las Cases) onto rue Casimir Périer in the 7th Arrondissement.
The building that Isabelle and Mathias pass as they drive to the Radio France (116 Avenue du Président Kennedy) in the 16th Arrondissement.
Isabelle Adjani passes in front of the L'Ogre Restaurant (1 Avenue de Versailles) as the protesters walk across the street is also in the 16th Arrondissement.
Sofia and Julien Doré go over their lines in the terrace of the Hôtel Amour (8 Rue de Navarin) in the 9th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the frame shop where Mathias meets Isabelle.
Season 2, Episode 5 (Special guest star: Guy Marchand and Julien Doré)
Camille and Hervé have lunch at the Jardin du Palais Royal (2 Galerie de Montpensier) in the 1st Arrondissement.
Gabriel has lunch with France 2 executive Élisabeth Lecoeur at the Logis Hôtel Au Bord du Lac (2 Rue de la Digue) in Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France.
Camille walks down the Rue de Belleville with her suitcase in the closing scene.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the film being shot starring Guy Marchand and Hippolyte; the park where Collette is jogging; and the restaurant where Andrea and Collette have brunch.
Season 2, Episode 6 (Special guest star: Juliette Binoche)
The street where Camille's mother, Annick Valentini (played by Isabelle Candelier) has her salon in Cannes is Avenue de la Marine Royale, 06210 Mandelieu-la-Napoule, France.
Andrea and Colette walk along/past 68 Quai de la Seine in the 19th Arrondissement after their dinner date.
Juliette Binoche and Andrea drive past the auditorium for the Cannes Film Festival (known as the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès de Cannes locaed at Grand Auditorium Louis Lumière, 1 Esp du Président Georges Pompidou) along the Boulevard du Midi-Louise Moreau in Cannes, France.
Hotel where the ASK team are staying in Cannes is the Hôtel Barrière Le Majestic (10 Blvd de la Croisette).
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the hotel Juliette has her room (is it also the Majestic); the bar where Eva Smith Griffin has coffee with Jean-Denis Gillières who demands to meet Juliette; the bar where Andrea and Hicham discuss her pregnancy (assuming it is the Majestic?); terrace where Andrea and Eva discuss going to Jean-Denis's yacht; and that awesome house where they had the after-party!
I've written about Cannes and the many wonderful things you can do in a day as well as day trips from Cannes, check it out!
Some of my favorite films with Juliette Binoche: (In French) Le Hussard sur le toit (as Pauline de Theus) and Quelques Jours en Septembre (as Irène Montano). (In English) Chocolat (as Vianne Rocher); The English Patient (as Hana); Godzilla (as Sandra Brody) and The 33 (as María Segovia).
Season 3, Episode 1 (Special guest star: Jean Dujardin)
The Statue of Liberty in the opening scene is on the Allée des Cygnes in the 15th Arrondissement.
The bridge Andrea and Collette are walking after the opening scene is the Pont de Grenelle-Cadets de Saumur and then the Quai André Citroën in the 15th Arrondissement.
Arlette and Herve track down Gabriel in the Ménagerie, Jardin des Plantes (57 rue Cuvier) in the 5th Arrondissement.
Andrea and the film producer meet Jean Dujardin at the "costumiers" Les Mauvais Garçons( 10 rue du Volga) in the 20th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: Hicham Janowski's (played by Assaad Bouab) apartment and Jean Dujardin's house!
Some of my favorite films with Jean Dujardin: (In French) The Artist (as George Valentin) and the TV series Un Gars, une Fille (as Jean). (In English) The Monuments Men (as Jean Claude Clermont); The Wolf of Wall Street (as Jean Jacques Saurel).
Season 3, Episode 2 (Special guest star: Monica Bellucci)
The restaurant where Gabriel meets Monica Bellucci is Le Restaurant l'Hôtel (13 rue des Beaux-Arts) in the 6th Arrondissement.
After lunch, Gabriel and Monica walk down Boulevard Saint-Germain in the 6th Arrondissement.
Gabriel and Monica stop into L'Écume des Pages (174 boulevard Saint-Germain) bookstore also in the 6th Arrondissement.
The street where Gabriel and Monica say goodnight is Avenue Velasquez in the 6th Arrondissement.
The car accident with Noémie Leclerc (played by Laure Calamy) takes place on Rue du Mont Thabor in the 1st Arrondissement.
The screening for Julie and Sofia's movie is at the Cinéma Beau Regard, also known as Étoile Cinéma Saint-Germain (22 rue Guillaume Apollinaire) in the 6th Arrondissement.
Gabriel and Sofia speak outside the cinema in the Place Saint-Germain-des-Prés also the 6th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the theater where Herve becomes Camille; the restaurant where Andrea, Collette, and Hicham have dinner; the cafe where Andrea and Gabriel have a discussion; and Monica Bellucci's house!
Some of my favorite films with Monica Bellucci: (In French) Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra (as Cléopâtre) and Le Pacte des loups (as Sylvia). (In English) Tears of the Sun (as Dr. Lena Fiore Kendricks); The Matrix Revolutions and The Matrix Reloaded (as Persephone). I loved the fact that she was a Bond girl (in Spectre as Lucia), but I just wish it had been a better role!
Season 3, Episode 3 (Special guest star: Gerard Lanvin)
The opening bar scene with Gerard Lanvin takes place in Le Refuge (72 rue Lamarck) in the 18th Arrondissement.
While there is a Pacha Kebab in Paris (19 Rue d'Amsterdam in the 9th Arrondissement) the Pacha Kebab where Andrea and Gabriel meet with their lawyer is actually the Zelal-Firat (175 rue Saint-Maur) in the 11th Arrondissement!
Herve goes to UGC Ciné des Halles/Forum des Halles (101 Porte Berger) theater to buy movie tickets in the 1st Arrondissement.
Andrea and Gabriel look for office space on Rue de la Fontaine-du-But (later discussed as Avenue de Trudaine with Arlette and Guy) in the 16th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the marriage counselor Catherine and Mathias go to; and the stairs that Gerard and Sami sit on.
Some of my favorite films with Gerard Lanvin: (In French) Bon rétablissement! (as Pierre); Le Fils à Jo (as Jo Canavaro); and Camping (as Michel Saint-Josse).
Season 3, Episode 4 (Special guest star: Isabelle Huppert)
In the evening, Gabriel and Isabelle Huppert walk past the Hôtel de Sully (62 rue Saint-Antoine) in the 4th Arrondissement.
Isabelle sticks her head out of the car after leaving Radio France on the Avenue des Champs-Elysées near the Arc de Triomphe in the 8th Arrondissement.
Mathias and Isabelle walk to the set of the American movie at Pont Alexandre III to the Quai d'Orsay in the 8th Arrondissement.
Valentin and Herve share a bottle of champagne in the Jardin des Tuileries in the 1st Arrondissement.
The hotel where the Americans are staying is the Hotel Regina (2 place des Pyramides) in the 1st Arrondissement. It is very close to the Westin!
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: hospital exit/archway that Mathias and Noemie walk under after leaving Andrea; the theater where Herve meets Valentin; the hospital bench where Andrea and Arlette have a cigarette; and Isabelle Huppert's apartment!
Season 3, Episode 5 (Special guest star: Béatrice Dalle)
Béatrice Dalle is filming a movie at the Oratoire du Louvre (corner of 145 rue Saint-Honoré – 160 rue de Rivoli) an historic Protestant church across the street from the Louvre in the 1st Arrondissement.
Hicham has a meeting with the Americans in the bar of Hotel Regina (2 place des Pyramides) in the 1st Arrondissement.
The cafe where Beatrice and the director (Pascal) have coffeeis L'Esmeralda (2 rue du Cloître-Notre-Dame) in the 4th Arrondissement.
The streets that Hervé and Valentin walking down as they discuss Valentin's failed audition are Rue du Volga and Passage Beaufils in the 20th Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the convent where Andrea goes to speak with Beatrice; the restaurant where Sofia meets a director; and the bar (and the street outside the bar) where Gabriel and Andrea have a drink.
Season 3, Episode 6 (All-star party)
Andrea goes to Gentilly, France to speak to the "other" Isabelle Huppert at her home.
Andrea follows Isabelle (#2) to the Gentilly Train Station walking along Impasse Joséphine and Rue Auguste Blanqui.
Arlette and the producer (Laurence Paugam) have a meeting at the Palais Royal Restaurant (110 Galerie de Valois) in the 1st Arrondissement.
Andrea, Gabriel, Sofia, and Isabelle film their "movie" in Palais Royal.
The closing scene with Mathias and Noémie walk off into the night takes place in the Place Vendôme in the 1st Arrondissement.
Season 4, Episode 1 (Special guest star: Charlotte Gainsbourg)
The opening scene with Andrea in a taxi takes place on Avenue Hoche in the 8th Arrondissement.
Andrea meets Charlotte in the international baggage claim area of Charles de Gaulle Airport.
Mathias and Camille discuss their father-daughter status in the restaurant inside Hôtel Mansart (5 Rue des Capucines) in the 1st Arrondissement.
The César Awards ceremony takes place at the Salle Pleyel (252 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré) in the 8th Arrondissement.
After the Césars Mathias and Noemie walk near the Pont au Change in the 1st Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the apartment where Mathias and Noemie move into together; the office where Oscar's film reading takes place; daycare where Andrea leaves her baby; restaurant where Gabriel meets Mimie Mathy; restaurant where Mathias meets Xavier Beauvois; the bar where Camille, Herve, and Noemie have drinks; Charlotte Gainsbourg's home!
If you like hanging out in the CDG airport as much as I do, you like the beautiful Sheraton Paris Airport Hotel, it is one of my favorites!
Season 4, Episode 2 (Special guest star: Franck Dubosc)
Franck Dubosc is making a film at the Conservatoire du Centre de Quartier Pablo Neruda, 36 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Bagnolet, Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
Herve "discovers" an actress Alex (Estelle Meyer) in the Balard métro near the rue Louis Armand exit in the 15th Arrondissement he returns later to find her again.
Andrea waits for Nathalie Baye for a meeting at Café Marly (93 Rue de Rivoli) near the Louvre in the 1st Arrondissement.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: other locations that might have been included in the episode where Franck Dubosc was filming his movie; the location of the Mediawan office; and the apartment that Camille and Sofia are living in (party scenes).
Season 4, Episode 3 (Special guest star: José Garcia)
Andrea walks past Veyep Optical (149 Rue Saint Honoré in the 1st Arrondissement) shop while speaking to José on the phone.
Sofia does a modeling gig for Tiffany's at their flagship store on 62 Av. des Champs-Élysées in the 8th Arrondissement.
It looks like Andrea is going into the Crèche Coccinelle (38 Rue Gilbert Cesbron) in the 17th Arrondissement, but I am not 100% certain.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: location of Andrea's daycare; film location for José Garcia movie; street where Herve and Alex walk after her audition; Noemie and Mattias's new apartment; hotel where José waits for Laurence
Some of my favorite films with José Garcia: (In French) La Vérité si je mens! 1 + 2 (as Serge). (In English) Now You See Me (as Etienne Forcier).
Season 4, Episode 4 (Special guest star: Sandrine Kimberlain)
The episode opens with Sandrine starring in a play at Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens (4 Rue Monsigny) in the 2nd Arrondissement.
Gabriel and Sandrine head to Le Divan du Monde (75bis Rue des Martyrs) in the 18th Arrondissement to see a comedy show.
Gabriel and Arlette have lunch with Muriel Robin and Sandrine at L'Entente, Le British Brasserie (13 Rue Monsigny) in the 2nd Arrondissement.
Camille treats herself to a pair of shoes at the Christian Louboutin shop in the Passage Galerie Vero-Dodat (19 rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau to 2 rue Bouloi) in the 1st Arrondissement. (Check all the Paris Passage locations!)
Andrea speaks with Colette's colleague Justin outside of the Centre des Finances Publiques/Trésor public (5 Rue de Londres) in the 9th Arrondissement.
Mattias walks along the Place du Marché Saint-Honoré where he has his heart attack.
Noemie and Camille are on the Rue des Gravilliers in the 3rd Arrondissement when they get the phone call about Mattias.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the film that Herve is in; the bar that Camille, Noemie, and Herve have a drink; the animal shelter where Mattias meets the wolves; studio where Muriel and Sandrine rehearse; bar where Andrea and Elisa (Anne Marivin) have a drink; bar where Mattias has a drink; the small street where Gabriel meets Sofia in need (think it is near Place du Marché Saint-Honoré); and the bar where Camille and Noemie meet for a drink to commiserate about Mattias.
Season 4, Episode 5 (Special guest star: Sigourney Weaver)
Sigourney stops at the Ladurée store in Terminal 1 at Charles de Gaulle airport.
Sigourney stays at the incredible Hôtel de Crillon in the 8th Arrondissement.
Andrea and Guillaume Gallienne meet Arlette at the Père Lachaise cemetery in the 20th Arrondissement (16 Rue du Repos) to catch up with Sigourney.
Elise meets with François Brehier on the Passerelle Debilly in the 16th Arrondissement.
Sigourney interrupts the lunch of the film financier at La Mascotte restaurant (52 Rue des Abbesses) in the 18th Arrondissement.
Gabriel breaks up with Sarah at Le Progrès restaurant (7 rue des 3 Freres) in the 18th Arrondissement.
In the closing scene, Noemie and Mattias ride a pedi-taxi across Pont Louis-Philippe towards the Panthéon (where you can get a 360-view of Paris, a tip from my Paris for the First Time Guide.).
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the hospital where Mattias is recovering; the street that Elise lives where Gabriel and Herve wait to stalk her; the street where Gabriel gets a ticket; the bar/restaurant where Sigourney meets Bernard Verley;
Some of my favorite films with Sigourney Weaver: (In English) the Alien series (as Ripley) and Avatar (as Dr. Grace Augustine).
Season 4, Episode 6 (Special guest star: Jean Reno)
Andrea meets Jean Reno for a drink at Le Carillon (18 Rue Alibert) 10th Arrondissement.
Andrea meets Elisa inside a Naturalia grocery store but there are several in Paris.
Andrea ponders her future in the Jardin des Tuileries in the 1st Arrondissement.
Arlette grieves along the Rue di Rivoli.
Need YOUR Help: Don't know the location of: the park where Elise meets Gabriel (this one is driving me crazy!); and the Star Media office where Gabriel speaks to Elise.
Some of my favorite films with Jean Reno: (In French) Wasabi (as Hubert Fiorentini); La Rafle (as Dr. David Sheinbaum); Les Rivières pourpres (as Le commissaire Pierre Niemans); Les Visiteurs 1 + 2 (as Le comte Godefroy de Montmirail). (In English) The Da Vinci Code (as Captain Bezu Fache); Godzilla (as Philippe Roaché) and Léon: The Professional (as Leon).
Fin! It was so fun to guess and then research the film locations for Call My Agent / Dix Our Cent Seasons 1-4. I am super excited about the recent announcement that there will be a 5th season and a feature film!
How about you? Are you a fan of the show? Do you know any of the locations I am missing? Do tell!
More Paris Film Locations: Sex and the City Paris | Emily in Paris | Lupin
Lastly, my friend Katya from France Where You Are has answered some great FAQs and shared more information on the cast of Call My Agent on her blog, check it out (there are also some treats you can buy to tide you over to Season5)!
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and the Star Media office where Gabriel speaks to Elise.
Cite de Trevise 75009 🙂
@Claire! Merci, I will add it!
Moa says:
The park where Elise and Gabriel meets is Jardins Abbè-Pierre-grands-Moulins in 13th arrondissement.
André says:
Season 4, Episode 4 Gabriel rencontre Sofia en face de la Galerie ArtCube, 9 Rue de Furstemberg 75006
@André, je suis confus. Il n'a pas de saison 4 ni quelqu'un qui s'appelle Sofia.


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public class SimpleButton:MonoBehaviour {

	/*
	A button with simple actions; syntax sugar
	*/

	// Properties
	private bool _isPointerOver;
	private bool _isPressed;

	// ================================================================================================================
	// MAIN EVENT INTERFACE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	// Gives warnings on Android:
	// "Game scripts or other custom code contains OnMouse_ event handlers. Presence of such handlers might impact performance on handheld devices."

	// Use separate events?
	// http://wiki.unity3d.com/index.php/OnMouseDown

	void OnMouseDown() {
		// Called when the user has pressed the mouse button while over the GUIElement or Collider.
		_isPressed = true;
		animatePress();
	}

	void OnMouseDrag() {
		// Called every frame when the user has clicked on a GUIElement or Collider and is still holding down the mouse (inside or not)
	}

	void OnMouseEnter() {
		// Called when the mouse entered the GUIElement or Collider.
		_isPointerOver = true;
		if (_isPressed) animatePress();
		animateOver();
	}

	void OnMouseExit() {
		// Called when the mouse is not any longer over the GUIElement or Collider.
		_isPointerOver = false;
		if (_isPressed) animateRelease();
		animateOut();
	}

	void OnMouseOver() {
		// Called every frame while the mouse is over the GUIElement or Collider.
	}

	void OnMouseUpAsButton() {
		// Only called when the mouse is released over the same GUIElement or Collider as it was pressed. This is called BEFORE OnMouseUp
		if (_isPressed) {
			performAction();
			animateRelease();
		}
	}

	void OnMouseUp() {
		// Called when the user has released the mouse button
		if (_isPressed) {
			_isPressed = false;
		}
	}

	// ================================================================================================================
	// PUBLIC INTERFACE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	// ================================================================================================================
	// ACCESSOR INTERFACE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	protected bool isPointerOver {
		get {
			return _isPointerOver;
		}
	}

	protected bool isPressed {
		get {
			return _isPressed;
		}
	}

	// ================================================================================================================
	// EXTENDABLE INTERFACE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	protected virtual void animatePress() {
		// Press
	}

	protected virtual void animateRelease() {
		// Release
	}

	protected virtual void animateOver() {
		// Pointer over
	}

	protected virtual void animateOut() {
		// Pointer out
	}

	protected virtual void performAction() {
		// Pressed and released without moving: execute action
	}

	// ================================================================================================================
	// INTERNAL INTERFACE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


CMUPS exists to facilitate mature Christ followers to be His ambassadors to the world's unreached by demonstrating God's love in word and deed. We encourage creative, holistic strategies that transform communities, plant healthy churches and multiply disciples. CMUPS provides training and administration services in support of workers and teams.
Dependency on God. We rely on the Word of God, on prayer and on worship as a corporate lifestyle as we obey the Great Commission to make disciples of all nations.
Focus on the Unreached. The poor refers to those experiencing physical poverty in all walks of life and those walking in darkness, estranged from their Creator.
Partnership with Churches. We believe the Church is God's vehicle for change in communities, and partner with them to help develop their vision for their community. We work with existing local churches or plant churches.
Initiatives that Mobilize Local Resources. We believe all are created in the image of God and therefore are to be treated with dignity and not to be regarded as victims or needy. Everyone has talents, abilities, creativity, time and prayer that they can contribute.


How Can We Offer These Savings?
Can I Purchase Mattress Only?
How does my mattress ship?
What is the Difference in Firm, Plush and Pillow top?
What is a Box top or Euro top?
What is the Significance of Coils?
What are the difference in foundation and box springs?
What is the Difference in Standard and Low Profile Boxes?
Do I need split box springs for my queen sized mattress?
mattresses. This allows us to pass on the savings to you. The mattresses could be closeouts, overstocks,discontinued models, floor samples, freight returns or comfort exchanges.
mattress purchase so don't let cost be a factor in your decision. You can't get any better than free.
site. You can also email sales@discountmattressesonline.com or call 407-577-0581. Specialty mattress inquiries must be made by phone or email. Mattress brands and models are subject to availability.
Each mattress set is packaged in our shipping warehouse. The mattress is direct shipped to your home.Standard delivery is curb side. You can choose white glove delivery and set up for an additional fee atthe check out cart.
to stretch out, choose a king. If all else fails, choose the largest mattress size that will fit in the selectedroom with plenty of remaining space.
Twin 39" w x 75"
Twin XL 39" w x 80"
Full 54" w x 75"
Full XL 54" w x 80"
Queen 60" w x 80"
Cal King 72" w x 84"
King 76" w X 80"
What is the difference between firm, plush and pillow top?
instead of fiber and is generally thicker than the standard pillow top. Euro-tops have an additional layer of padding sewn on the top of the mattress. Unlike the pillow top, the edges are stitched down along the tape edge of the mattress.
Comfort layers in your mattress are the padding material on top of the mattress. This padding provides extra cushioning to make the mattress feel more comfortable. Comfort layers can consist of different types of fibers and foam, including memory foam and latex foam.
isn't necessarily the most important aspect in a coil unit. Coil concentration and construction play a large role in the support your mattress will give.
Factory Seconds means that there is no manufacturer warranty. The mattress packaging was opened and has to have this seconds sticker on it. These mattresses are discontinued, clearance, overstock, freight blemish, comfort trial mattresses, freight damage (fabric tear), cosmetic blemish or floor models. The mattresses upon delivery will have the seconds sticker on the box on any mattress delivery.
material. Many manufacturers are also adding cooling gel layers to visco and latex mattresses.
Are all mattresses one sided and why?
Most mattresses manufactured today are one-sided. Simmons manufactured the first non-flip mattress in 2000. Other mattress manufacturers soon followed their innovative trend. The one-sided mattress is made of high quality foams and fibers for durability. The no flip mattress is convenient and hassle free.
What are the differences between a foundation and a box spring?
A foundation is a hard platform that rests beneath the mattress. A box spring is a coil unit that provides more resilience and works with the mattress. It is recommended to replace your box spring when you replace your mattress. We send a complimentary box spring with each mattress order.
Each manufacturer is slightly different. Low-profile box springs range in height from 4 ½" to 6". Lower box springs are recommended for mattresses with thicker heights and pillow tops.
Standard box springs are 9" high. Standard box springs are recommended for thinner mattress heights and pillow tops.
through a narrow hallway or stairway.


helpme2009, Weston-super-Mare I am Richard. I want a serious relationship. I always thought that the Asian women are the most beautiful:) Have a nice day women. I am waiting the letters.
Richi0888, Harston Sztem a hűség és a bizalom a legfontosabb.
Majk60, Rushden Hello, How Are You?
bitkiss, Vilnius Looking For Men From 35 To 99 Of Age. For A True Relationship. And Am Serious.


He came ahead of his time. His academic exploits had no compare. His politics belonged to a century in the future. His philosophy was deeper than the ocean. But his humanity was our humanity.
He was a patriot, a strategist and a statesman. He is Dr. Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme….the ARCHITECT of modern Nigeria!
As he journeys into the ages, join us on Channels Television at 6.30pm, NTA International at 7.30pm, ABS TV at 8pm and AIT at 9pm for a cinematic Tribute to Dr Alex Ifeanyichukwu Ekwueme as the Government of Anambra State captures the immense profile of one of Nigeria's greatest statesmen.


Adrian Targett, a Cheddar history teacher, is the DNA match of Cheddar Man. Ironically, he only lives half a mile away from the caves after 300 generations [source: LA Times].
Cheddar Man is Britain's oldest whole skeleton. He was found in a cave and apparently died from being bludgeoned in the face. Cheddar is located a bit inland in Southwest England. Cheddar Man was discovered in the early 20th century and has since then dispelled the thought that 10,000 years ago, England was inhabited by farmers from the Middle East. Instead, Mr. 9000 and his contemporaries were actually hunter gathers [source: Reuters].
When Reuters questioned Adrian Targett's wife about the newfound caveman ancestry, she quipped, "Maybe this explains why he likes his steaks rare."
And, yes. Cheddar cheese does come from that region in England.


text:
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In Media, Startups, subscriptions, TC
How to claim a student discount for Extra Crunch
Students can get access to Extra Crunch at a discounted rate of $50/year (plus tax). Here's how to claim the discount: Use a .edu or university email address and send a message to our customer [...]
In adam mosseri, apps, Creative tools, creator economy, Creators, Facebook, Fans, instagram, Instagram Stories, Media, Mobile, online creators, Social, social media, subscriptions
Instagram is developing its own version of Twitter's Super Follow with 'Exclusive Stories'
Instagram is building its own version of Twitter's Super Follow with a feature that would allow online creators to publish "exclusive" content to their Instagram Stories that's only available to [...]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Institutional review was launched in 2011. Until then, the Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education only performed evaluations of study programmes.
issuing recommendations for the development of universities and colleges.
impact on regional and national development.
In 2015 the first external reviews of all higher education institutions based in Lithuania was completed. The Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education analyzed the results of these reviews. Analysis of 2011-2015 external review of higher education institutions in Lithuania can be found here.
Methodology for Conducting an Institutional Review in Higher Education approved by by Order No 1-01-135 of 25 October 2010 of the Director of the Centre for Quality Assessment in Higher Education (valid from 2016-09-01).
Procedure for the external review of higher education institution approved by Resolution No 1317 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 22 September 2010.
Accreditation procedure of higher education institution approved by Resolution No 1317 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 22 September 2010.


Here's a subject that we rarely get into, war games. Specifically, strategy war games.
This week, we get into something combining two of Stev's favorite things, strategy games and the Warhammer franchise. It may not be Warhammer 40K, which is his specialty but, it still is fantasy, which was more than enough to sell it for Dirk.
And what's this about a new version of the Nintendo Switch coming out? Tune in!


text:
Athena Salaba, Ph.D.
Chan, L.M., & Athena Salaba. (2016). Cataloging and Classification: An Introduction. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Žumer, Maja, Maria Lei Zeng, & Athena Salaba. (2012). FRSAD: Conceptual Modeling of Aboutness. Libraries Unlimited.
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data, A Conceptual Model (FRSAD). (2011). IFLA Working Group on Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (FRSAR). Eds. Zeng, M., Žumer, M. and Salaba, A. Berlin/München: De Gruyter Saur.
Zhang, Yin, & Athena Salaba. (2009). Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future Directions. New York: Neal-Schuman.
Salaba, Athena, & Yin Zhang. (2012). Searching for Music: End-User Perspectives On System Features. In Indexing and Retrieval of Non-Text Information. Edited by Diane Rasmussen Neal. Munich: De Gruyter Saur. (Peer reviewed)
Zhang, Yin & Athena Salaba. (2012). A User Study of Moving Images Retrieval Systems and Implications on System Design for Library Catalogues. In Indexing and Retrieval of Non-Text Information. Edited by Diane Rasmussen Neal. Munich: De Gruyter Saur. (Peer reviewed)
Salaba, Athena. (2005). Συστήματα Οργάνωσης Γνώσης : Σύγχρονα Ζητήματα και Τάσεις. IN Από την Βιβλιοθηκονομία στην Επιστήμη της Πληροφόρησης, Μελέτες προς τιμήν του Γ.Μ. Κακούρη. Επιλέλεια Χρ. Παπατσικουράκης, Α. Σίτας. Αθήνα: Τυπωθήτω. (English translation: "Knowledge Organization Systems – KOS: Current Issues and Trends" IN From Librarianship to Information Science: Studies in Honor of G.M. Kakouris). (Invited)
Salaba, Athena. (1993). A Greek Librarian in America: Personal Reflections on an Eight‑month Practicum at Kent State University Libraries. In Academic Libraries in Greece: The Present Situation and Future Prospects. Dean H. Keller, editor. New York: The Haworth Press. 205‑213. (Invited)
Salaba, Athena, Tanja Merčun, and Trond Aalberg. (2018). Complexity of Work Families and Entity-based Visualization. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, vol. 56 no. 8 (2018). DOI 10.1080/01639374.2018.1529008
Salaba, Athena, and Tanja Merčun. (2018). Visualizations of Bibliographic Information: A User Experience Study. Journal of Librarianship & Information Science. DOI: 10.1177/0961000618804014
Zeng, Marcia Lei, Maja Žumer, and Athena Salaba. (2017). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) -- A Conceptual Model. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences. 4th edition. Taylor & Francis. DOI: 10.1081/E-ELIS4-120049494
Zeng, Marcia Lei, Maja Žumer, and Athena Salaba. (2014). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) -- A Conceptual Model. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences. 3rd edition. Taylor & Francis. DOI: 10.1081/E-ELIS3-120049494
Zhang, Yin, and Athena Salaba. (2012). What Do Users Tell Us About FRBR Catalogs? Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, vol. 50(5-7): 705-723. [Also published as electronic version on July 18, 2012]
Zhang, Yin, and Athena Salaba. (2009). What is Next for FRBR? A Delphi Study. The Library Quarterly, vol. 79(2): 233-255. [Received the prestigious 2009 ALISE/Bohdan S. Wynar Research Paper Award].
Salaba, Athena. (2009). End-User Understanding of Indexing Language Information. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, vol. 47(1): 23-51.
Zhang, Yin, Jason Holmes, David Robins, & Athena Salaba. (2009). Understanding Internet Searching Performance in a Heterogeneous Portal for K-12 Students: Search Success, Search Time, Strategy, and Effort. Journal of Web Librarianship, vol. 3(1): 15-33.
Holmes, Jason, David Robins, Yin Zhang, & Athena Salaba. (2008). An Exploratory Study of School-age Children's Use of a Heterogeneous Resource Site. The Journal of Web Librarianship, vol. 2, Issue 2/3: 263-285. -- Special double issue on Library web sites and usability studies.
Raptis, Paschalis, & Athena Salaba. (1994). Bilingual Authority Files at the Central Library of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. International Information and Library Review, 26: 67‑76.
Peer-Reviews Conference Proceedings
Salaba, Athena. (2020). "Knowledge Organization Requirements in LIS Graduate Programs." In Proceedings of the Sixteenth International ISKO Conference, Aalborg, Denmark, 6-8 July 2020. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Salaba, Athena and Joseph T. Tennis. (2018). "Solid Foundations and Some Secondary Assumptions in the Design of Bibliographic Metadata: Toward a Typology of Complementary Uses of Metadata." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, Porto, Portugal, July 9-11, 2018. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Hajibayova, Lala and Athena Salaba. (2018). "Critical questions for big data approach in knowledge representation and organization." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International ISKO Conference, Porto, Portugal, July 9-11, 2018. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Salaba, Athena and Tanja Merčun. (2017). User Interactions with Bibliographic Information Visualizations. In J. Kamps et al. (Eds.). Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: 21st International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2017, Thessaloniki, Greece, September 18-21, 2017, Proceedings. Publication appears in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 10450, pp. 1–6, 2017. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG
Chapter DOI: 0.1007/978-3-319-67008-9_49
Merčun, Tanja, Athena Salaba, and Maja Žumer. (2016). User Testing of Prototype Systems in Two Different Environments: Preliminary Results. In A. Morishima et al. (Eds.). Digital Libraries: Knowledge, Information, and Data in an Open Access Society, 18th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries, ICADL 2016, Tsukuba, Japan, December 7-9, 2016 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. Publication appears in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10075. Chapter DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-49304-6_14
Salaba, Athena, and Marcia Zeng. (2014). Extending the "Explore" User Task Beyond Subject Authority Data into the Linked Data Sphere. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference, Krakow, Poland, May 19-22, 2014. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Žumer, Maja, Athena Salaba, and Yin Zhang. (2012). User Verification of the FRBR Conceptual Model and Testing of FRBR Prototypes. In ICADL, The 14th International Conference on Asia-Pacific Digital Libraries, November 12-15, 2012, Taipei, Taiwan. Cham: Springer.
Žumer, Maja, Marcia Lei Zeng, and Athena Salaba. (2010). FRBR: A Generalized Approach to Dublin Core Application Profiles. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2010, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 20-22 October.
Salaba, Athena. (2010). Use and Users of Subject Authority Data. In Paradigms and Conceptual Systems in KO: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, February 23-26, 2010, Rome, Italy. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Zeng, M., M. Panzer, A. Salaba. (2010). Expressing Classification Schemes with OWL2 Web Ontology Language. In Paradigms and Conceptual Systems in KO: Proceedings of the Eleventh International ISKO Conference, February 23-26, 2010, Rome, Italy. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Žumer, Maja, Athena Salaba, & Marcia Zeng. (2007). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records (FRSAR): A Conceptual Model of Aboutness. Asian Digital Libraries: Looking Back 10 Years and Forging New Frontiers. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL 2007), 10-13 December 2007, Hanoi, Vietnam. Cham: Springer. Publication appears in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
Salaba, Athena, Marcia L. Zeng, & Maja Žumer. (2006). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records. In Knowledge Organization for a Global Learning Society: Proceedings of the Ninth International ISKO Conference, 4-7 July 2006, Vienna, Austria. Edited by Gerhard Budin, Christian Swerz, Konstantin Mitgutsch. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag.
Non-Refereed Journal Articles
Salaba, Athena, & Yin Zhang. (2007). Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): From a conceptual model to application and system development. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, August/September. Available at http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Aug-07/Bulletin_AugSep07.pdf
Zhang, Yin, & Athena Salaba. (2007). Critical Issues and Challenges Facing FRBR Research and Practice. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, August/September. Available at http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Aug-07/Bulletin_AugSep07.pdf
Zhang, Y., & Salaba, A. (2010). National Leadership Grants NLG Library-Research and Demonstration - Final Report on "Research and Development of FRBR-Based Systems to Effectively Support User Tasks and Facilitate Information Seeking." December 29, 2010.
Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data – a report of the IFLA Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records Working Group. Editors: Marcia Lei Zeng, Maja Žumer, Athena Salaba. (Served as the Working Group co-chair and secretary, 2005 – 2010). Approved: June 2010.
Zhang, Y., Salaba, A., & Ceci, V. (2008). Akron-Summit County Public Library OPAC user study report. A report submitted to the Akron-Summit County Public Library, 2008.
Zhang, Y., Salaba, A., & Ceci, V. (2008). Stow-Munroe Falls Public Library OPAC user study report. A report submitted to the Stow-Munroe Falls Public Library, 2008.
Zhang, Y., & Salaba, A. (2007). Identifying major issues and challenges of FRBR research and practice: A Delphi study report. November, 2007.
Holmes, J., Robins, D., Zhang, Y., Salaba, A., & Byerly, G. (2006). Report on the usability and effectiveness of SirsiDynix SchoolRooms for K-12 students. A project report submitted to SirsiDynix, May 2006.
Soete, George, & Athena Salaba. (1999) Measuring Journal Cost‑Effectiveness: Ten Years After Barschall.


text:
Browsing School of Dentistry by Title
Browsing School of Dentistry by Title "The non-linear stress-strain behavior of the human periodontal ligament and its effect on finite element models of dental structures"
The non-linear stress-strain behavior of the human periodontal ligament and its effect on finite element models of dental structures
Durkee, Mark Carlton; Rekow, E. D. (E. Dianne); Thompson, Van (1996)
Fresh and fixed mandibular block sections were acquired from cadavers. The block sections were then sectioned to create small (1 x 1 x 4mm) uniaxial tests specimens containing tooth, PDL, and bone. Specimens were then tested in a mechanical test system to acquire load-displacement and stress-strain data. Samples were also prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and PDL space variability measurements. Stress-strain data was then incorporated into FE models for analysis of model effects. Stress-strain curves of fixed and unfixed tissue indicate the PDL is highly non-linear and inelastic in its behavior. The curves are described by power functions, exhibit greater hysteresis in compression than tension, and the zero stress-strain state is shifted towards the compressive side of the curve. SEM evaluations show the PDL to be very complex three-dimensionally, with a highly branching and interweaving fiber bundle structure. The PDL space was found to vary widely in its thickness, with standard deviations as high as 53% of the mean value for a given tooth level. FE models with non-linear PDL data show vastly different stress distribution patterns when compared to linear PDL models. Stress-strain curves, as well as FE models that incorporate the measured materials behavior, suggest that the primary load carrying ability of the PDL is in compression. The non-linear nature of the PDL also results in higher compressive stresses being generated, for both lateral and axial loading, than a comparable linear model. SEM evaluation suggests that PDL fibers may function in compression by layering on top of each other. Using non-linear analysis of the PDL, the location of the center of resistance (CR) of a tooth was found to vary horizontally and vertically depending on the applied loading and PDL geometry. The shifting of CR away from the midline indicates that orthodontic tipping about a root apex may actually be impossible. The PDL was also found to be subjected to compression over the entire PDL when intrusive loading was applied to the tooth. This may explain how occlusal trauma can widen the entire PDL.


text:
Zoologia (Curitiba)
Text (EN)
Text (English)
Ecology • Zoologia (Curitiba) 26 (2) • June 2009 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702009000200011 copy
Hyper abundant mesopredators and bird extinction in an Atlantic forest island
Mauro Galetti
Ricardo S. Bovendorp
Rodrigo F. Fadini
Carlos O. A. Gussoni
Marcos Rodrigues
Ariane D. Alvarez
Paulo R. Guimarães Jr
Kaiser Alves
Islands can serve as model systems for understanding how biological invasions affect native species. Here we examine the negative effects of mesopredator mammals on bird richness at Anchieta Island, an 826 ha offshore island in the coast of Brazil. Anchieta Island has the highest density of mammals of the entire Atlantic forest, especially nest predators such as marmosets and coatis, introduced more than 20 years ago. This indiscriminate introduction of mammals may have affected directly the bird community, nowadays represented by 100 species comprised mainly by water-crossing birds, being 73 forest-dwelling species. A small component of these remnant bird species nests in tree holes and on the forest floor, null model analysis suggest that birds within these two nest types are under-represented on Anchieta Island. All guilds were affected negatively, but "opportunist insectivorous/omnivorous". Experiments using artificial nests showed a predation of 73% of nests on the floor while only 26% on the mainland. Camera traps recorded predation by coatis, agoutis, and opossums. The restoration of the bird community on this island is highly constrained by the high density of hyper abundant nest predators.
Callithrix; exotic species; line transect; mesopredator release; null models
Mauro GalettiI; Ricardo S. BovendorpI; Rodrigo F. FadiniI, II; Carlos O. A. GussoniI; Marcos RodriguesIII; Ariane D. AlvarezI; Paulo R. Guimarães JrIV; Kaiser AlvesI
ILaboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Caixa Postal 199, Rio Claro 13506-900, São Paulo, Brasil. Email: mgaletti@rc.unesp.br
IICoordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. 69011-970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
IIIDepartamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Caixa Postal 486, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
IVDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California. Santa Cruz, 95060, CA, USA
Key words: Callithrix; exotic species; line transect; mesopredator release; null models.
The introduction of vertebrate alien species is one of the main threats to the conservation of native species, especially in island ecosystems (e.g. BIBBY 1995, CLOUT 2002). Mammal populations when introduced on islands usually became hyper abundant due to the absence of their predators, competitors and parasites (EMMEL 1976, VITOUSEK et al. 1995, TERBORGH et al. 2001), and they represent one of the most important taxa concerning biological invasions on such habitats. In fact, a small number of mammal species is responsible for most of the damage to invaded insular ecosystems, such as rats, cats, goats, rabbits, pigs and a few others (COURCHAMP et al. 2003, CUTHBERT & HILTON 2004). Islands with more exotic mammal predator species have lost a greater proportion of their avifauna since European colonization (BLACKBURN et al. 2004). Cats and rats have a strong impact on nest and bird predation (ROBINET et al. 1998, THIBAULT et al. 2002, NOGALES et al. 2004).
The Atlantic Forest has one of the highest rate of bird endemism on the planet (WEGE & LONG 1995) comprising an avifauna of 682 species, including 199 endemics and 144 threatened species, most due to habitat loss (STOTZ et al. 1996). Islands are the most disturbed components of the entire Atlantic forest ecosystem because they have long history of human occupation and because they are more susceptible to human impact (OLMOS 1996, NAKA et al. 2002). One of these islands is Anchieta Island, in southeast Brazil. In 1983, the São Paulo Zoo introduced in this island 100 mammals from 15 species which originally occurred in the mainland of the Atlantic forest or in Brazilian savannas (Cerrado) such as agoutis, coatis, and marmosets (BOVENDORP & GALETTI 2007). After 24 years, some mammal species increase 140 times, many of which are nest predators (BOVENDORP & GALETTI 2007, ALVAREZ et al. 2008, BOVENDORP et al. 2008). Today, Anchieta Island represents an excellent opportunity to study the impact of introduced mammals on avian extinction at the Atlantic forest.
In this paper we examine the bird diversity at Anchieta Island and test if the absence of some species is due to high predation risk on certain nesting types. We hypothesized that in an island characterized by a hyper abundance of mesopredators some bird nesting types would be more sensitive to predation and the loss of bird species does not follow a random process.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Anchieta Island has 826 ha and is located in the north of São Paulo state, 400 m offshore from Ubatuba, São Paulo state, south-east Brazil (45º02'W, 23º27'S, Fig. 1). On the mainland, the Atlantic coastal forest holds one of the highest levels of terrestrial biodiversity on Earth (MYERS et al. 2000). The Serra do Mar, to which Anchieta Island is geologically related, is one of the key centers of species endemism (SILVA et al. 2004). The island is composed of two hills of up to 330 m above sea level. Pigs, dogs, cats, and the domestic fowl were brought to the island in order to sustain its human community in the beginning of the last century, especially during the years when a prison was active (1904-1955) (GUILLAUMON et al. 1989). The island was transformed in a state park in 1977 and nowadays about 90,000 tourists visit the island per year, especially in the summer, imposing a considerable impact on the island's biodiversity (M. Robim, Instituto Florestal, pers. com).
Bird survey
We sampled the bird community at Anchieta Island during 23 months (from July 2003 to June 2004 and from December 2005 to January 2007, excluding March and May 2006), totalizing more than 678 hours of observations along the trails, including point counts censuses (FADINI et al. 2009) and 380 hours of mist netting. All birds observed on the island were grouped into categories according to (1) habitat (forest, forest edge or open areas); (2) occurrence status (resident or non-resident); (3) relative abundance (common, rare or vagrant); (4) gap crossing ability (water-crossing and no water crossing) and (5) nesting characteristics. Each bird species was assigned a nest category as follows: aerial-opened, aerial-closed, cavity, ground-opened, ground-closed; nest parasite (see SIEVING 1992). Nest characteristics were obtained from literature (SICK 1997) and our previous experience. We divided the bird community into twelve feeding guilds, based on ALEIXO & VIELLIARD (1995), and ANJOS & BOÇON (1999).
We investigated if guild and nest category affect the extinction of birds at Anchieta Island using a null model approach (GOTELLI & GRAVES 1996). The idea underlying our null model is that bird assemblage of Anchieta Island is essentially a random sample of bird species from the mainland (Caraguatatuba). Indeed, more than 89% of bird species of Anchieta Island also occur on the mainland and the seven species that occur solely at Anchieta were discarded from null model analyses. Sea birds were not included in our comparisons. If extinction is not related to biological attributes such as nesting habitats and guilds, we expected that the loss of species due to smaller size of the island and/or effects of introduced species would be essentially a random process, that is, all species have the same extinction risk. We simulated random extinctions on the mainland assembly until the number of bird species reaches the same of Anchieta Island. Random extinctions are simulated as follows: we randomly sorted the number of species on Anchieta (n = 73) from the pool of Caraguatatuba species (n = 199). We repeat this process 1,000 times, recording the number of sorted species in each guild or nest category. Our statistic (p) is the probability that a random replicate has a number of species equal to or more extreme than the observed value (MANLY 1997).
We estimated the number of forest-dwelling bird species that would occur on an inshore island, comparing a dataset of 17 bird lists from land-bridge islands in the Atlantic forest in southeast Brazil. All of these islands were connected to the mainland in the Pleistocene and are close to the mainland. We plotted the log of island area vs. the number of forest-dwelling species. The functional form of the relationship followed a power-law and we fitted the distribution using a least-square log-log regression. We therefore predicted the number of forest-dwelling species at Anchieta Island. This regression curve is, however, an underestimation of the probably bird diversity because all islands had recently local extinctions due to human disturbance.
Nest predation experiments
To evaluate the impact of mesopredators on bird reproduction, we performed an experiment using artificial nests with quail eggs (see ALVAREZ & GALETTI 2007). Thirty nests on the ground and on the understory vegetation (~1.3 m of height) were placed at Anchieta Island and in the mainland (Caraguatatuba). Each nest was composed of two quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus, 1758, Phasianidae, 2.5-3 cm of length). Quail eggs underestimate the overall nest predation, because some mesopredators are not able to break them (ALVAREZ & GALETTI 2007). However, due to logistic limitations we decide to use quail eggs instead of canary or plasticine eggs.
The nests on the ground were made using the available botanical matter (MAIER & DEGRAAF 2000), while the understory nests (10 cm of diameter, 3.5 cm of height) were camouflaged with litter. Nests were placed at intervals of 25 m along trails. After seven days, the number of eggs preyed upon was recorded. We assumed that either broken or missing eggs were preyed on by vertebrates. Rubber boots and gloves were used during the experiment to minimize human scent and, consequently, reduce experimental bias (BURKE et al. 2004). In order to identify the potential nest predators we used two camera traps during 311 hours in nests on the ground and 288 at 1.3 m height at Anchieta Island. At the mainland we left the cameras for less time (60 hours for ground nests) and 36 hours (for aerial nests).
Bird species richness and guild losses
We recorded 100 bird species at Anchieta Island, and 73 forest-dwelling species (Appendix I). We compiled information of 15 land-bridge islands in the coast of Brazil (Tab. I) and plotted a species-area curve to determine the number of species predicted by the size of Anchieta (Fig. 2). We found a strong correlation between island size and number of forest-dwelling bird species (r2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 2). Therefore, the number of species found in Anchieta Island is predicted by the species-area relationship (Fig. 2).
Foraging guilds were severely impoverished at Anchieta Island. Nevertheless, the current bird composition at Anchieta Island is almost entirely reproduced by our null model that assumes random extinctions (Tab. II). The proportion of birds in the guild "opportunist omnivorous/insectivorous" was the only one that differed in relation to the mainland, increasing in Anchieta Island (Tab. II). Therefore, bird species in Anchieta Island is a random subset of Caraguatatuba for most guilds (Tab. II), but there was a large non-random increase of the opportunist omnivore/insectivores guild.
Extinctions were not completely random across different nesting habitats (Tab. III). There was an over-representation of bird species that nest in aerial closed sites in Anchieta Island, while there were no resident bird species that nest on the ground-opened, and only nine species (six residents and three vagrants) that nests into trunk cavities on Anchieta (Tab. III). Differently, three nesting strategies: aerial opened, ground closed, and nest parasites are small, random subsets of birds in the mainland (Tab. III).
The frequency of resident and non-resident species differed significantly between Anchieta Island and the mainland (χ2 = 5,48, df 1, p = 0,019). About 27% of all bird species at Anchieta were non-resident, i.e. they do not breed on the island, and include a few migrants (13 species). Twenty-six species were vagrant, which means that they were observed only once at the island, while another 23 (22,77%) were rare, or with very few individuals in Anchieta (Appendix I).
The frequency of nest predation on the ground was higher than in the understory (73.33 vs 27%; χ2 = 14.076, df = 1, p < 0.001) at Anchieta, but not on the mainland (33% and 27%; χ2 = 0.317, df = 1, p = 0.573). Nest predation on the ground differed between the island and the mainland (χ2 = 0.9.64, df = 1, p = 0.0019), but not in the understory.
Camera traps recorded three species of nest predators for ground and aerial nests. Opossums (Didelphis aurita, Wied, 1826) were the most common nest predators on the island (10 photos), followed by agoutis (Dasyprocta leoprina, Linnaeus, 1758, 17 photos), coatis (Nasua nasua, Linnaeus, 1766, 10 photos), and tegu lizard (Tupinambis merianae, Linnaeus, 1758, one photo). At the mainland we recorded only the opossum (10 photos). In addition, a group of marmosets was seen preying on a juvenile of the Sayaca tanager (Thraupis sayaca, Linnaeus, 1766, Emberezidae) at Anchieta Island, showing that not only eggs or nestlings are vulnerable to predation.
This study shows that although the number of bird species found on Anchieta is within the predicted species richness based on a species-area relationship, some nest guilds such as ground-closed and nest parasites are absent on this island. Poaching, deforestation and the recent introduction of mesopredators are probably the major drivers of the modification to the bird community. Mesopredators may be influencing the bird composition by preying on select species and by inhibiting colonization from the mainland. Anchieta Island has twice the primate density, five times more mesopredators and four times more agoutis than several large well protected Atlantic forests on the mainland (BOVENDORP & GALETTI 2007).
In the past 100 years, half of the island was cleared for the prison construction, while the elevated herbivory caused by domestic pigs, goats, capybaras and agoutis, left the vegetation highly disturbed (ALVAREZ et al. 2008). This intense land use transformed the island vegetation into a secondary forest mixed with exotic and invasive species with poor fruit productivity (GENINI et al. 2009). Only 550 ha (c. 66%) of the island is covered by secondary forest and 44% by the fern Gleichenium sp. and exposed soils (M. FLEURY, Universidade de São Paulo, unpublished data). Therefore, forest specialists, such as the toucanets (Selenidera maculirostris, Lichteinstein, 1823, and Pteroglosus bailloni, Vieillot, 1819), the Blue-bellied parrot (Triclaria malachitacea, Spix, 1824), the Ferrugineous Antbird (Drymophilla ferruginea, Temminck, 1822) and the Rufous-breasted Leafscraper (Sclerurus scansor, Ménétriès, 1835), still common in the mainland, are lacking at Anchieta Island.
The bird fauna of Anchieta Island appears severely reduced when compared to adjacent mainland and forest fragments (GOERCK 1997, RIBON et al. 2003, FARIA et al. 2006), but it is in accordance to what has been found for other land-bridge islands in the Atlantic forest. The species abundances patterns may be quite different from the mainland because the community is dominated by a few hyperabundant species (RØV 1975,WIENS 1989). For instance, the density of Turdus albicollis (Seebohm, 1887) (Turdidae) is 12 times higher and Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818) four times higher on Anchieta than on the mainland Serra do Mar (FADINI et al. 2009).
The relationship between island size and number of forest-dependent bird species in the land-bridge islands along the coast of the Atlantic rain forest is extremely hard to predict by the well-known models of island biogeography (MACARTHUR & Willson 1967), because (1) there are few surveys of birds on most of the islands (see COELHO et al. 1991, NAKA et al. 2002, MARSDEN et al. 2003), (2) many bird species were probably extinct before ornithologists became aware (see NAKA et al. 2002). Therefore, our estimate on bird species richness from Anchieta Island is probably an underestimation of the diversity that was present before European colonization.
Many well know bird species that are expected to be found at Anchieta are lacking. For instance, the lack of game species is most evident and is probably due to heavy hunting regime in the past. Guans, as well as large other large-bodied species, are present in smaller and isolated forest fragments on the mainland. Additionally, tinamids and guans are known to crossing large open water gaps and they could cross the 400 m of sea gap between the mainland and the island. Both groups of species, represented by at least five species, are present in the mainland (R. S. Bovendorp, Universidade de São Paulo, pers. comm.).
Large frugivores that require large areas to survive (WILLIS 1979, GOERCK 1997) such as toucans, and large psittacids, also do not occur on the island. We recorded just two species of large cotingas on Anchieta (Procnias nudicollis (Vieillot, 1817) and Pyroderus scutatus (Shaw, 1792), but they are infrequent visitors (FADINI et al. 2009). Forest eagles as well as falcons and birds or prey are extremely rare. Bamboo specialists, such as antbirds and ovenbirds (RODRIGUES et al. 1994), large terrestrial ant-thrushes and even gnat-eaters are all absent at Anchieta. One of the most notable absences if the Speckle-breasted Antpitta (Hylopezus nattereri, Pinto, 1937), a large forest floor bird which occurred on the island just before mammal introduction (GUILLAUMON et al. 1989), but it was not recorded in our census. In this turn, we believe that most of these absences are a result of high rates of nest predation on Anchieta.
The patterns of nest predation observed in our study was similar to those recorded by LOISELLE & HOPPES (1983) in Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama: an elevated nest predation on the floor (88%) and a lower predation of understory nests (11%). It is important to notice that these authors did not record the same pattern in the mainland (LOISELLE & HOPPES 1983). TERBORGH et al. (1997) found that islands with high densities of capuchin monkeys had overwhelmingly high levels of nest predation in the Lago Guri, Venezuela.
Our empirical and simulation results support the notion that the extinction of some bird species, especially those that nest on the floor, may be related to nest predation by the elevated abundance of mesopredators (WILCOVE 1985, GIBBS 1991). In fact, the few natural nests that we found (e.g. Amazilia spp.) were preyed upon in a few days. Opossums and marmosets were spotted preying upon nestlings at Anchieta Island and our data with camera traps also recorded a high predation risk by coatis and opossums. Additionally, tegu lizards are also expected to predate most of the ground nests.
Nowadays, there are only two species of birds that could nest on the forest floor at Anchieta (nightjars), and there is strong evidence that ground-nesting birds have being wiped out from the island due intense nest predation. Ground-nesting birds occur even in highly disturbed small forest fragments, such as small tinamous (Crypturellus), quails, nightjars and several passerine birds (ALEIXO & VIELLIARD 1995, WILLIS 1979). The same pattern was found for cavity-nesting birds. Only nine species nest on cavities at Anchieta, including the Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper, a bank-nesting species. The remaining four species, including two piculets and two foliage-gleaners ovenbirds, nest in tree holes. Cavity-nesting birds, such as parrots and woodpeckers are common species in the nearest mainland. At least 16 (7%) bird species in the mainland of Serra do Mar nests on the forest floor and another 37 (18%) in tree holes.
The surviving bird community at Anchieta Island
One of the main distinctions of the avifauna of Anchieta Island is between water crossing and non-water crossing species (DIAMOND 1984). From the 73 forest dwelling bird species recorded at Anchieta Island, 90% are known to cross open areas between fragments or sea gaps (OLMOS 1996, BIERREGAARD & STOUFFER 1997, SICK 1997). Hence, no-water crossing species that once occurred at Anchieta and became locally extinct may have serious problems in re-colonizing the island.
Most bird guilds were affected negatively at Anchieta Island, but the opportunist omnivore/insectivore edge insectivore guild was positively affected. Some guilds were severely affected. For instance, only one ant-bird species thrives at Anchieta Island (Dysithamnus mentalis, Themminck, 1823) and according to the "limited dispersal hypothesis" (see SEKERCIOGLU et al. 2002), understory insectivores face local extinction in isolated fragmented forests, because of their relatively sedentary habits and possible behavioral avoidance of clearings (WILLIS 1979, BIERREGAARD & Stouffer 1997, SEKERCIOGLU et al. 2002). The sea gap between the mainland and Anchieta Island might be a great barrier for this guild. However, it is notable that even isolated small forest fragments have more species of understory insectivores than Anchieta Island (ALEIXO & VIELLIARD 1995).
Another missing family at Anchieta Island is the Psittacidae. Parakeets and parrots are extremely common in the mainland, even in small forest fragments (ALEIXO & VIELLIARD 1995). Psitacids are good flyers and they can easily cross the sea gap that divides Anchieta Island from the mainland. Surprisingly, the only species recorded at Anchieta was a group of vagrant Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterigius (Spix, 1824), which was recorded only once. At least for parrots, the distance to the mainland is not a barrier for colonization of Anchieta.
The pattern of bird extinction found at Anchieta may also occur in many islands in the coast of the Neotropics. Most islands suffer from species introduction and forest reduction, both of which can have a significant impact on bird communities. The bird community at Anchieta Island cannot be restored if the current high densities of nest predators and herbivores are maintained. The most effective response to restore the bird community is to control the mammalian population, either by regularly reducing their numbers, or better still, by eradicating the population of some species as a whole from the island. As a first step, we suggest the complete eradication of marmosets because it is the only "truly" exotic species, since Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) does not occur in the coastal Atlantic forest.
In addition, we must increase the carrying capacity of the vegetation, especially through the restoration of young secondary forest or open areas. Nowadays, Anchieta Island has one of the smallest fruit productivity in the Atlantic forest (GENINI et al. 2009) and the tree community is dominated by few species (V.B. Zipparro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, unpublished data). Some important families for fruit-eating birds are lacking or have being severely reduced, such as Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Myristicaceae (V.B. Zipparro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, unpublished data). Due to the high density of mammalian seed predators or herbivores, such as agoutis and capybaras, the restoration of vegetation will only succeed if we control their populations in the island (ALVAREZ et al. 2008, FADINI et al. 2009).
All islands in the Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil have suffered from intense human pressure, where native vegetation has been highly disturbed and exotic species have been introduced (e.g. OLMOS 1996, 2005, NAKA et al. 2002). These "ecological paradises", highly publicized by the media are, in fact, product of chronic biological impoverishment caused by humans and the species introduced by them. Nevertheless, land-bridge islands, such as Anchieta Island, may have an important role in bird conservation in the future, since some of them are more easily protected (especially from poaching) than areas in the mainland. Once these mesopredators are controlled or become eradicated, and the forest restored to its primitive levels, some bird species will have to be reintroduced in the island because of their poor ability to cross open areas.
At the moment, Anchieta Island is probably operating as a sink area from water-crossing bird species due to the high density of nest predators incorrectly introduced by humans.
We would like to thank FAPESP (Project Biota 2001/14463-5) for financial support. MR Laboratory of Ornithology is supported by Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza and CNPq (473428/2004-0). To Instituto Florestal for permission to work at Anchieta Island. We are especially indebted to Maria Robim and Manoel Fontes for their constant support to our studies in Anchieta. We also thank R.M. Marques, A. Fernandes, C. Faria, L. Atzeni, J. GENINI and R. Bueno for invaluable help during the field work. C. Jenkins, A. Valido and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. MG, MR, RB and RF received a fellowship from CNPq, and PG from FAPESP.
Submitted: 28.VIII.2008; Accepted: 15.VI.2009.
Editorial responsability: Paulo Inácio López de Prado
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Confaab has vast database of Email and mailing List. So far we have customized lists on various sectors from communications industry , logistics, supply chain to banks andcredit unions . OUR TEAM WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS.
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a term applied to processes implemented by a company to handle its contact with its customers. CRM software is used to support these processes, storing information on current and prospective customers. Information in the system can be accessed and entered by employees in different departments, such as sales, marketing, customer service, training, professional development, performance management, human resource development, and compensation. Details on any customer contacts can also be stored in the system. This list includes the companies using the CRM Software.