text:
Gypsies and Travellers
Basic principles: Security of tenure
Secure tenancies
Flexible tenancies
Introductory tenancies
Demoted tenancies
Family intervention tenancies
Public sector licences
Assured tenancies
Assured shorthold tenancies
Regulated (protected) tenancies
Protected shorthold tenancies
Restricted contracts
Basic protection/excluded occupiers
Tied accommodation
Agricultural occupiers
Armed forces accommodation
Housing co-operatives
Definition of Gypsies & Travellers
Identifying the owner of the land
Common law trespass
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act
Travellers and council sites
Travellers and human rights
Travellers on their own land
Travellers and homelessness
Tenants of mortgagors
Subtenancies
Property guardians
Squatters
Possession proceedings
This content applies to England
Planning law in relation to the stationing of caravans by Gypsies and Travellers.
The principal law governing the development and use of land is the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 as amended, notably by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, the Planning Act 2008, and the Localism Act 2011.
The government's policy in relation to Gypsy and Traveller sites is set out in the Planning policy for traveller sites (replacing ODPM Circular 01/2006 from March 2012). The policy was updated in August 2015. It should be read in conjunction with the National Planning Policy Framework.
Local planning authorities (LPAs) must have regard to government's policy when:[1]
preparing local development plans
making planning decisions.
The stationing of a caravan on land requires planning permission in most cases. An application for planning permission is made to the LPA. A fee is payable.[2]
For the legal definition of a caravan, see the page Definition of a mobile home.
Breach of planning control
The stationing of a caravan on land without planning permission in itself is not a breach of planning control. The question, in any particular situation, is whether the stationing of a caravan for residential use by Gypsies or Travellers would constitute a material change of use of the land.[3] For example, the stationing of a caravan on non-residential/agricultural land will constitute a material change of its use, as in most cases would the use of a touring caravan site as a residential site for Gypsies or Travellers.
There are exemptions from the requirement to apply for planning permission but only in limited circumstances. These include the stationing of a caravan within the curtilage of a dwelling house, or travelling with a single caravan and stationing it on land for no more than two nights, subject to an overall limit of 28 days per year in which caravans may be used on the land for human habitation.[4]
Local planning policies
The government's 'Planning policy for traveller sites' sets out that LPAs should make their own assessment of need when preparing plans and taking action on Gypsy and Traveller sites. Amongst the other matters to be considered are:[5]
protecting the green belt from 'inappropriate development'
increasing the number of traveller sites in appropriate locations with planning permission
addressing under provision and maintaining an appropriate level of supply
promoting more private traveller site provision
aiming to reduce the number of unauthorised encampments and to make enforcement more effective.
Enforcement action
Where there has been a breach of planning control the LPA can take enforcement action. The government has published guidance for LPAs on ensuring effective enforcement of planning controls.
There are a number of options open to the LPA when dealing with an alleged breach of planning control.
Enforcement notice
If there has been a breach of planning control then, subject to certain time limits, the LPA can issue an enforcement notice.[6] Enforcement notices contain details of the breach of planning control, and the steps required to remedy the breach. An enforcement notice must be served 28 days before it is due to take effect and no more than 28 days after the date of its issue.
If a person, or persons, fail to comply with an enforcement notice within the period for compliance (subject to any appeal), the LPA can take direct action to enter the land in order to remedy the breach of planning control.[7]
An enforcement notice may be served by posting it to the usual or last known place where the intended recipient was living, or to the address on the land registry documentation relating to the property in question.[8]
Stop notice
Once an enforcement notice has been issued, the LPA can also issue a stop notice requiring that the activity that comprises the breach of planning control ceases within three days of service, or in special circumstances within a specified period.[9]
Temporary stop notice
The LPA also has the power to issue a temporary stop notice where it is satisfied that there has been a breach of planning control that should be stopped forthwith. There is no requirement for an enforcement notice to have been issued. The temporary stop notice takes immediate effect and expires after 28 days.[10] After this period, the LPA cannot issue a further temporary stop notice unless it has taken some other enforcement action first.[11]
There is a right of appeal against an enforcement notice on seven specified grounds, which include:[12]
planning permission ought to be granted
the condition or limitation concerned ought to be discharged
any period specified in the notice falls short of what should reasonably be allowed
the alleged breach of planning control has not occurred.
An appeal must be lodged before the date on which the enforcement notice comes into effect. The appeal is made to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, and in most cases will be heard by an inspector from the Planning Inspectorate. The Planning Inspectorate has published guidance on the appeal process.
There is no right of appeal against a stop notice or temporary stop notice. In such cases, the LPA's decision to issue such a notice can only be challenged by way of judicial review. However, compensation can be claimed in certain circumstances, such as when it turns out that the use complained of is in fact lawful.
The LPA can apply to the county court or High Court for an injunction to restrain a breach of planning control where it considers it necessary or expedient.[13]
In deciding whether to grant an injunction the matters the court will need to consider include:[14]
evidence of the degree and flagrancy of any breach
the personal circumstances of the occupiers of the land
whether an injunction is a proportionate remedy
the relevance of any previous planning decisions.
It is a criminal offence to contravene:
an enforcement notice (unless there is an outstanding appeal)[15]
a stop notice[16]
a temporary stop notice.[17]
On conviction a person can be fined.
If a person fails to comply with an injunction they can be committed to prison for contempt of court.
Certificate of lawful use
If a Gypsy or Traveller can show that s/he has lived on land for ten years without enforcement action having been taken, then even if no planning permission exists s/he can apply for a certificate of lawful use.[18]
LPAs must consider whether a decision to grant or refuse planning permission to Gypsies and Travellers,[19] or to take action against alleged breaches of planning control,[20] is compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In any particular case, it is a balancing exercise between the Gypsy and Traveller's human rights under Article 8 of the ECHR, and other factors such as harm to the countryside in green belt areas.[21]
The information on this page applies only to England. Go to Shelter Cymru for information relating to Wales.
[1] para 2 Planning policy for traveller sites, DCLG, March 2015.
[2] Town and Country Planning (Fees for Applications, Deemed Applications, Requests and Site Visits) (England) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2014.
[3] Restormel BC v Secretary of State for the Environment [1982] JPL 785.
[4] Part 5, Sch.2, Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995; Sch. 1, Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act 1960.
[5] para 4 Planning policy for traveller sites, DCLG, August 2015.
[6] s.172 Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[7] s.178 Town and Country Planning Act 1990; R (on the application of Eastwood) v Windsor and Maidenhead RBC [2016] EWCA Civ 437.
[8] ss.329(1)(c)and (4) Town and Country Planning Act 1990; s.233 Local Government Act 1972; Newham LBC v Ahmed [2016] High Court (Divisional Court) 2 February 2016, as reported in Arden Chambers Housing View bulletin, 8 February 2016.
[10]s.171E Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[11] s.171F Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[12] s.174(2) Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[13] s.187B Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[14] South Buckinghamshire DC v Porter [2001] EWCA Civ 1549.
[15] s.179 Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[17] s.171G Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[18] ss 171B and s191 Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
[19] Chapman v UK [2001] ECHR 43; Durant & Anor v Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government & Anor [2016] EWHC 321 (Admin).
[20] Moore v (1) Secretary of State for Communities & Local Government (2) Bromley LBC [2013] EWCA Civ 1194; Chiltern DC v Webb [2007] EWHC 1686 (QB).
[21] Lee v (1) Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government (2) Runnymede BC [2016] EWCA Civ 558; Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government v (1) South Gloucestershire Council (2) AZ [2016] EWCA Civ 74.
Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004
Town and Country Planning Act 1990
Community Law Partnership - Travellers Advice Team including National Advice Line
Gov.uk - MHCLG: Dealing with illegal and unauthorised encampments: a summary of available powers
Gov.uk - MHCLG: Ensuring effective enforcement: Responding to suspected breaches of planning control
Gov.uk - MHCLG: National Planning Policy Framework (March 2012)
Gov.uk - MHCLG: Planning policy for traveller sites
Planning Portal: Guidance to planning appeal process
Last updated March 21, 2018


What attracts me to this course is an opportunity to work in a wide range of organisations; industry, practice, public and financial sector. The course offers a wide range of subjects which gives you a solid knowledge and it will prepare you for your future career.
The size of the class group is relatively small, so students have a greater level of contact with their lecturers. The course is challenging but rewarding. I would advise this course to anybody who has an interest in Accounting and Finance.
As for myself, I received the Student of the Year Award based on academic performance.
I'm glad I enrolled, the course is challenging and covers a lot, but it's structured in a way that allows you to approach it one step at a time. Learning how to develop software is my favourite thing about the course. At the beginning, I thought that being exceptional at maths would have been necessary to develop software which I was worried about. There is an element of maths, but writing code is more about being able to solve problems and think things through.
I chose this course at ITB because I love working with people and helping in anyway I can. The 13 week placements really give you a taster of what it's like. I knew from the placements that Social Care was my area and what I really want to do when I qualify. While on placement this year I was nominated for an award from the college for an intervention I did on placement with people with dementia. From there I came third and went on to compete in Irelands Best Entrepreneur, where I won my category in Cavan and went onto the National Level but narrowly missed out on the prize.
I chose this course of study because I wasn't entirely sure what I wanted to work as, but I knew that I loved sports and if I could get a job working in a sporting field that I would love my work. The course at ITB covers a broad range of subjects which gives you an insight into the entire sports industry. Practically it will give you the basic knowledge of how to coach young children, how to train elite level athletes, how to work in a gym environment- personal training. This course serves as a way of steering students into the direction they want to go within the sports industry upon graduation. I have really enjoyed the practical experience gained on the course.
During my final year at ITB I was given an assignment to write and illustrate a children's book, which supported their social and emotional development. I designed a book called "Sonas and Daithi" which is about friendship and children starting a new school. My book was chosen to be published by the Fingal County Libraries, which was such an amazing opportunity for me. Having the book published has opened doors for me, including helping me obtain a full time position as a preschool room leader.
I chose this course as I felt it was the most well rounded course out there for me. The course gives you many options for working in the community such as addiction work, homelessness, youth work and community development. The course allowed me to develop confidence in working with all types of people in whatever environment.
One piece of advice I would give would be to get some hands on volunteering experience. You'll learn a lot without realising it.
I chose this course as I liked how the course is varied covering all aspects of horticulture from the basics like 'soil science' and 'plant nutrition' to 'start and manage your own business' and industry placement.
The newly constructed horticulture facility is a great resource and has all industry standard equipment such as the new computer controlled irrigation system installed in 2016. In second year, we do work placement which is a fantastic opportunity to experience the commercial reality of life in the horticulture industry.
Don't be afraid of getting your hands dirty, this is a very practical course that's not too difficult especially if you are interested in the subject.
In Mechatronics, you cover multiple areas of Engineering such as mechanical, electronic, computer, telecommunications and control systems, and this was one of the main reasons why I chose the course. The lecturers are very helpful and will always make sure you get the support you need whenever you encounter a problem. There is always support available to you whenever you need it, whether it's from the lecturers, college staff or even your fellow students. On the course I study programming, circuit theory, mechanics, electronics and microcontrollers and I have gained leadership skills, project management skills, the ability to work in a team, time management skills, and most importantly, public speaking skills.


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3 edition of Supply Estimates 1992-93 for the year ending 31 March 1993. found in the catalog.
Supply Estimates 1992-93 for the year ending 31 March 1993.
by HM Treasury
Published 1992 by H.M.S.O. in London .
Series H.C -- 273-XI
Fertiliser Growth Imbalances And Subsidies Trends And Implications, NCAP. 16 april a g e n d a. attendances and apologies. confirmation of minutes. minutes of finance and administrative resources committee meeting held on 17 march petitions and deputations. business outstanding from previous meetings. staff uniforms - ex g
Nuveen Tax Exempt Unit Trust Insured Series 62 – '' on 4/8/94 ASSETS AND POLICYHOLDERS' SURPLUS AS OF MARCH 31, The General Fund budget for the fiscal year anticipated General Fund expenditures of $ billion and revenues of $ billion, and the State's Comptroller has projected a surplus of $10 million for the. to % in the year ending March The current account as. supply side, an increase in the exposure of banks to stressed firms leads to.
The past year has witnessed sharp price movements in world commodity and financial markets. From a peak of $ a barrel in April , oil prices fell sharply to $ a barrel in December, rose to $ a barrel in March , and recovered to over $17 a barrel in early July. This banner text can have markup.. web; books; video; audio; software; images; Toggle navigation.
Unto all men.
Modern track and field
Creation by evolution
Total quality management handbook
Kurt Vonneguts crusade, or, How a postmodern harlequin preached a new kind of humanism
Suor Plautilla Nelli (1523-1588)
Natasha Zupan
Jane Sinclair; Or, the Fawn of Springvale
Islamic administration under Omar ibn al-Khattab
Whos got your back
A preservative against Deism
Action research for management
Bibliography of bibliographies on transportation and related fields
ritual use of public space in Renaissance Rome
A complete concordance to two Chaucerian poems
Supply Estimates 1992-93 for the year ending 31 March 1993 by HM Treasury Download PDF EPUB FB2
Author of Supply Estimates for the year ending 31 MarchSupply Estimates for the year ending 31 MarchThe Government's expenditure plans, toAutumn statement, Supply estimates for the year ending 31 MarchPublic expenditure, Calendar of Treasury books preserved in the Public Record Office, Financial statement and budget report.
Supply estimates for the year ending 31 March by Great Britain Supply estimates for the year ending 31 March by Great Britain Regiatrar General Great Britain, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.
Velká Británie Registrar General. supply estimates 94 spring supplementary estimates hc 94 house of commons papers 94 Dec 09, Posted By Karl May Ltd TEXT ID c12 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library pm on 17th june alert me about debates like this the governments response and army manpower statement of 3rd february hc of session 93 that this.
Supply estimates for the year ending 31 March by Great Britain (Book) Department of Employment and Manpower Services Commission: vocational education and training for young people by Great Britain (Book).
Full text of "Ontario expenditure estimates " See other formats. Grimsby Town Football Club is a professional football club based in Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, England, that competes in League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league vassilyk.commed "the Mariners", the club was founded as Grimsby Pelham inchanged its name to Grimsby Town a year later and moved to its current stadium, Blundell Park, in Ground: Blundell Park.
Nielsen TV ratings (commonly referred to as "Nielsen ratings") are the audience measurement systems operated by Nielsen Media Research that seek to determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States using a rating system.
Nielsen Media Research was founded by Arthur C. Nielsen, a market analyst who started his career in the s with marketing research. STUDIES OF HUDCO AND HUDCO'S BORROWERS C Table 32 Financial Ratios (For the Year Ended March 31) 64 Table 33 Income and Expenditure of HFIs and HUDCO (for the year ending 31st March, ) 68 Table 34 Composition of Resources of HFIs (As at the end of the year ) Note: Due to the revision to the method of compiling population estimates of Hong Kong inthe figures of per cepital cons umption from to have been adjusted accordingly.
Annual Sea Water Consumption and Population Served. Our South Dakota natural gas supply requirements for the year ended December 31,were approximately million MMBTU, of which approximately million MMBTU were purchased from Canadian sources, and approximately million MMBTU were purchased from mid-continent sources.
Full text of "Annual report of the Town of Pembroke, New Hampshire" See other formats. Population Estimates.
Mid-year town population estimates for were issued in October, by the DPHAS Health Research and Data Analysis Unit (1). These estimates are the basis of birth, death, and other population-based rates for The estimates indicate that since the US Census, Connecticut's population decreased by 9, For the school year, this fee is 17 cents per full time equivalent student.
For future years, the 17 cents will be adjusted for any changes in the Consumer Price Index ("CPI"). The annual minimum fee has been set at $ for the first year, with CPI adjustments in future years.
Chapter 4 reviews the course of the /93 Budget; /94 Refers to the Government's financial year which runs form 1 April to 31 March Tax year Year beginning on 1 March year the supply of such bills was increased by R2, billion, which in great measure enabled the.
The Committee of Supply has had under consideration certain resolutions, reports as follows, and requests leave to sit again: Resolved that a sum not exceeding the following be granted to Her Majesty for the fiscal year ending March 31,for the Department and purposes indicated: Labour $ 41, Operating ExpenditureCapital.
China gold report. Gold in the Year of the Tiger In JanuaryChina introduced its first gold futures contract, launched on the Shanghai Futures Exchange in response to rising domestic demand for gold and growing demand from producers seeking to hedge gold price risk9.
FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31,COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, Net Sales Net sales in fiscal decreased $ million, or %, to $ million from $ million in fiscal Limited supplies of available canned finished goods inventory caused by a poor growing season was the primary reason for the decline.
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Place of Interment: Glenview Cemetery, Pulteney, N.Y.
HORNELL- Lawrence L. "Larry" Tillman of Crosby Creek Road, Hornell, went to be with his Lord and Savior on Monday morning (Oct. 5, 2015) at the age of 84, following a brief illness.
Larry was born in Penn Yan on July 4, 1931 and was the son of Derastus and Edith Pierce Tillman. He spent most of his youth growing up on the west side of Keuka Lake where he attended Hammondsport Central School. Following graduation, Larry worked at the Pleasant Valley Wine Company. In 1952, Larry was drafted and served with the United States Marine Corps during the Korean Conflict where he attained the rank of Corporal. Following his two years of active duty, he remained in the Marine Corps Reserves for another six years through 1960.
Upon completion of his tour of duty in the Marines, Larry moved to Hornell and attended Alfred State College for two years. He began working for the New York State Department of Transportation in 1955 and continued until his retirement in 1991, working as an Engineer-in-charge in the construction division. Much of Larry's work on the roads and bridges of the Southern Tier can still be seen today. He is remembered by many for his great work ethic, his attention to detail, and the concern that he showed for the people with whom he worked. Further, Larry's leadership and training served as a model for many other civil engineers in the Southern Tier, many of whom are now retired and others still in service.
On May 3, 1953, Larry married the former L. Gene Hunt, who passed away earlier this year on April 26, one week shy of what would have been 63 years of marriage. Larry and Gene are survived by their three children; Richard (Mary Lea) Tillman of Metairie, La., Thomas (Holly) Tillman of Montoursville, Pa. and Cheryl (Eugene) Mastin of Hornell; six grandchildren: Rachel (Matthew) Holcomb and Katie Myers of Williamsport, Pa., Jonathan (Janine) Tillman of Severna Park, Md., James and Jason Tillman of Metairie, La., and Nicole Mastin of Baltimore, Md. , and 10 great-grandchildren, Tyler, Ryley, Alex, and Ethan Holcomb, Aviel and Gabe Myers, and Jack, Jude, Julia, and Jocelyn Tillman. Also surviving is a sister, Florence Clark of Hammondsport, brothers-in law H. Wilbur (Clara) Hunt and W. Frank (Ann) Hunt; sister-in law Alice Dwyer; and several nieces and nephews.
Larry was predeceased by his parents, Derastus and Edith Pierce Tillman; sister Lucille Erway and her husband Glenn; brother, Raymond Tillman and his wife Betty; brother-in-law Loren Clark; mother and father-in-law, Howard and Ione Hunt; brother and sister-in-law, Robert and Marilyn Hunt; and brother-in-law, Michael Dwyer.
Larry's favorite activities involved spending time with family, hunting and fishing, working in his lawn, serving at church, traveling, and following the Hornell Red Raiders in football. He was a member of the Hornell First Baptist church, a charter member of the Country Y's Line Dancers and former member of the Country Couples Dance Group.
The Bishop & Johnson Funeral Home, Inc. in Hornell is honored to serve the family of Lawrence L. "Larry" Tillman.
Calling hours are 5-8 p.m. Thursday (Oct. 8) at the Bishop & Johnson Funeral Home, Inc., 285 Main Street, Hornell. Friends and family are invited to attend the funeral service at the Hornell First Baptist Church, 28 Church Street, Hornell on Friday (Oct. 9) at 11 AM with Pastor Cedric Cooper officiating. Interment, with military honors, will follow at Glenview Cemetery, Pulteney. N.Y.
The United States flag and the Marine Corps flag will proudly fly at the Bishop & Johnson Funeral Home, Inc. in recognition of Larry's military service during the Korean Conflict.
In lieu of flowers, those wishing may contribute in his memory to Hornell First Baptist Church, 28 Church St., Hornell, N.Y. 14843. Envelopes for memorial contributions will be available at the funeral home and the church.


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Key Chamber Services
Scott Knowles
Diane Beresford
Chris Hobson
Kathryn Edwards
Paul Stuart
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The Chamber's Senior Management Team is made up of experienced, proven professionals. Together they cover every facet of Chamber activity and the management of its plethora of products and services.
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Scott is Chief Executive at East Midlands Chamber (Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire) and lives near Matlock, Derbyshire.
Scott has worked at the Chamber network since 1999 when he first joined what was then North Derbyshire Chamber of Commerce, initially providing ICT and e-commerce advice and support to businesses.
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Deputy Chief Executive
Diane began her career with North Derbyshire Chamber in 1986 where she developed the East Midlands UK Online for Business service and set up the region's eBusiness Club, which offers a range of service to support businesses to use technology to improve business performance.
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David joined the Chamber in 2015 and has an extensive portfolio which includes responsibility for the Chamber's Membership Team and award winning International Team. David also has responsibility for developing partnerships across the region, and through the Chamber's worldwide network.
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Lucy is Director of Resources at the Chamber, working alongside the senior leadership team on developing the culture of the Chamber and its strategic human resources.
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Paul is Head of Scale Up Services, leading the East Midlands Chamber Scale Up Services team which includes programmes that support business innovation, internationalisation, strategy development and technology adoption. Paul combines this leadership role with client advisory support – still part of his DNA.
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Philippe-André Grandidier (* 29. November 1752 in Straßburg; † 11. Oktober 1787 in Lützel) war ein französischer Historiker. Nach der Ansicht von Jürgen Voss gehörte er zu den bedeutendsten elsässischen Historikern des 18. Jahrhunderts.

Leben

Abstammung und früher Werdegang
Philippe-André Grandidier stammte aus einem wohlhabenden und angesehenen Elternhaus. Er war ein Sohn des Metzer Juristen Antoine Grandidier (1715–1780) und der Dorothée, geb. Sigel. Bereits in seiner Jugend interessierte er sich für Geschichte und verfasste, als er im zehnten Lebensjahr stand, für seinen eigenen Gebrauch einen Abriss der römischen Geschichte und ein Handbuch der Mythologie. Von 1762 bis 1768 besuchte er das Jesuitenkolleg zu Straßburg. 1768 immatrikulierte er sich an der katholischen Universität Straßburg, siedelte dann aber nach Nancy über, um dort zu studieren und geschichtliche Forschungen zu treiben. Nach Straßburg zurückgekehrt besuchte er ab November 1769 die dortige Universität und wurde im August 1770 Magister artium. Danach begann er ein Theologie-Studium, interessierte sich aber für diese Disziplin weniger als für Geschichte.

1771 trat Grandidier in das bischöfliche Seminar von Straßburg ein und studierte die Geschichte seines Bistums aus den Quellen. Er beschloss, die Ergebnisse seiner Recherchen in einem ausführlichen historischen Werk über das Bistum darzulegen. Es gelang ihm, die Unterstützung des Kardinals Louis-César-Constantin de Rohan, Fürstbischof von Straßburg, für dieses Projekt zu gewinnen. Dieser protegierte den jungen Forscher und ernannte ihn 1773 zum Sekretär und Archivar. Auf einer 1774 im Gefolge des Kardinals unternommenen Reise durch die Schweiz besuchte er dortige Bibliotheken und Archive und machte die Bekanntschaft mehrerer Schweizer Gelehrter. Im Juni 1775 wurde er zum Diakon geweiht. Stark geprägt wurde er auch durch den Weihbischof Toussaint Duvernin.

Erste historische Werke; Konflikte mit dem Straßburger Klerus
Von seinem auf acht Bände berechneten, sehr kritischen Werk über die Geschichte des Bistums Straßburg, das den Titel Histoire de l'église et des évêques-princes de Strasbourg trägt, veröffentlichte Grandidier 1776 und 1778 die beiden ersten, bis zum Jahr 965 reichenden Bände. Diese verschafften dem Autor die Anerkennung zahlreicher europäischer Gelehrter. Ab nun führte Grandidier einen ausgedehnten Briefwechsel mit vielen bedeutenden Wissenschaftlern sowie Mitgliedern gelehrter Akademien Frankreichs, Deutschlands, Italiens und anderer europäischer Länder. Er trat mit Jacob-Nicolas Moreau in Verbindung, da er sich für die von diesem französischen Historiker in Paris angelegte, sehr umfangreiche Urkundensammlung (cabinet de chartes) interessierte. So kam er in Kontakt und Kooperation mit den Benediktinern des vom Fürstabt Martin Gerbert geleiteten Klosters St. Blasien, das sich zu einem Zentrum der Geschichtsforschung entwickelt hatte.

Nach dem Tod des Kardinals Louis-Constantin de Rohan († 11. März 1779) entzog sein Nachfolger, der durch die berüchtigte Halsbandaffäre bekannte Kardinal Louis-René-Édouard de Rohan, Grandidier jede früher für dessen Arbeiten an dem Geschichtswerk über die Straßburger Kirche geleistete Unterstützung. Die bereits ziemlich vollständig ausgearbeiteten Bände 3 und 4 dieses Werks konnten 1780 mangels Finanzierungsbereitschaft der Druckkosten nicht erscheinen. Dass Grandidier es einstellen musste, lag nicht nur an der fehlenden Unterstützung durch den neuen Fürstbischof, sondern auch an der feindseligen Haltung vieler Kleriker seiner Diözese. Er hatte diese aufgrund seiner kritischen Haltung gegen sich aufgebracht, indem er etwa die Unechtheit mehrerer alter Legenden bewiesen und verschiedene päpstliche Bullen, auf welche die Geistlichkeit der Diözese ihre Vorrechte gründete, geradezu als untergeschoben erklärt hatte. Ihn kränkten die Angriffe des Klerus, der seinem Ärger in gehässigen Flugschriften Ausdruck verlieh und besonders seine religiöse Gesinnung zu verdächtigen suchte. Selbst das Lob des Papstes Pius VI., der ihm zur Belohnung seines wissenschaftlichen Eifers das päpstliche Kreuz mit der Umschrift Virtutis, scientiae, laboris praemium überreichen ließ, vermochte ihn nicht zu beruhigen und der Kummer zog ihm eine schwere Krankheit zu, von der er sich nur langsam erholte.

Nach seiner Genesung fasste Grandidier zwar den Entschluss, sich nie mehr mit historischen Forschungen zu beschäftigen, doch gab er diesen Vorsatz aufgrund seiner großen Neigung für Geschichte bald wieder auf und verfasste folgende Werke:
 Mémoire sur l'état ancien de la ville de Strasbourg, Straßburg 1778
 Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire des poètes du XIIIe siècle, connus sous le nom de Minnesinger, 1778
 Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages d'Otfrid, poète allemand, in: Bibliothèque du Nord, 1778

Ehrungen; letzte historische Werke; früher Tod und Nachlass
Neuen Verdruss bereiteten Grandidier seine Essais historiques et topographiques sur l'église cathédrale de Strasbourg (Straßburg 1782), in denen er als einer der Ersten die seinerzeitigen Verbindungen zwischen den Gilden der Steinmetze und den Freimaurern aufgezeigt hatte. Daraufhin wurde geargwöhnt, dass Grandidier selbst ein Freimaurer sei. Kleinliche Verfolgungen und Verleumdungen konnten ihn aber nun in seinem Streben nicht mehr hindern, da er der Unterstützung und der Achtung vieler gelehrter und unparteiischer Männer gewiss war. Auch seine Mitbürger gaben allmählich ihr Vorurteil gegen ihn auf und überdies wurde er zur Anerkennung seiner Verdienste 1779 zum Domherrn des hohen Chors am Straßburger Münster, dann zum Obervikar des Bistums Boulogne, zum apostolischen Protonotar und im Mai 1787 zum Historiographen von Frankreich für die Provinz Elsass ernannt. Viele Akademien Frankreichs und Deutschlands erkoren ihn zu ihrem Mitglied.

Der von Grandidier zu den von François Walter gestochenen Vues pittoresques d'Alsace (7 Lieferungen, Paris 1785) verfasste historische Text fand großen Anklang, wodurch er bewogen wurde, das von ihm gesammelte reiche Material zu einer Geschichte des Elsasses zu verarbeiten. Das 1785 ausgegebene Ankündigungsprospekt weckte große Erwartungen, die durch das Werk selbst gerechtfertigt wurden. Zwei Jahre später erschien der erste Band (Histoire ecclésiastique, militaire, civile et littéraire de la Province d'Alsace, Bd. 1, Straßburg 1787) im Druck. Darin wandte der Verfasser die in Frankreich vom Abbé Baudeau (1759) und in Deutschland vom Historiker Wenck (1783) entwickelte modernere Konzeption für eine Regionalgeschichte an und beschrieb daher nicht mehr ausschließlich die Geschichte der Führungsschicht, sondern stellte auch die einstigen Sitten usw. des einfachen Volks dar. In der Folge wurde aber aufgrund des plötzlichen Tods von Grandidier nur noch ein die Urkunden enthaltender Teil des zweiten Bandes gedruckt. Er hatte durch übertriebene Arbeit seine Gesundheit geschädigt und war auf einer Reise am 11. Oktober 1787 in der Abtei Lucelle einer Fieberkrankheit im 35. Lebensjahr erlegen. Der erschienene erste Band enthält die Geschichte des Elsasses unter den Kelten und Römern bis zu Chlodwig und behandelt den Stoff in bequemer und gefälliger Fassung, ohne deswegen weniger gründlich als die früheren Schriften desselben Inhalts zu sein. Grandidier konnte dabei auf dem gelehrten Werk von Johann Daniel Schöpflin aufbauen.

Seinen Eifer beim Sammeln des Materials, das Grandidier später noch zu bearbeiten beabsichtigte, beweist sein handschriftlicher Nachlass. Aus diesem wurden postum noch mehrere Monographien separat herausgegeben, so die Geschichte des Lièvre-Tals (Histoire de la Vallée de Lièvre, Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines 1810) und die Übersicht der Geschichte der Stadt Soultz (Notice historique sur l'état ancien de la ville de Soultz, département du Haut-Rhin, mise au jour par M. Méglin, Straßburg 1817).

Außer den größeren Schriften verfasste Grandidier auch viele Aufsätze für verschiedene Zeitschriften Frankreichs und Deutschlands, von denen vor allem die Notice sur Sébastien Brandt (im Journal des Savants, Dezember 1788) und Lettre sur l'origine des francs-maçons in des Marquis de Luchet Essai sur la secte des illuminés erwähnenswert sind. Auch sandte er fleißig Beiträge zur von den Benediktinern Sankt Blasiens herausgegebenen Germania Sacra und zur neuen Ausgabe des Lebens der Heiligen von Jean-François Godescard. Handschriftlich hinterließ er einen druckreifen Nekrolog der berühmten Männer und Gelehrten des Elsasses, ein Brevier zum Gebrauch der Diözese Straßburg, das Gedicht La Dohomacie sowie Mémoires sur l'origine et les progrès de la lèpre.

Die von Grandidier hinterlassenen Papiere befinden sich heute im Generallandesarchiv von Karlsruhe. Seine gesamten unveröffentlicht gebliebenen Schriften wurden in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in zwei Folgen herausgegeben:
 Œuvres historiques inédites, hrsg. von J. Liblin, 6 Bände, Colmar, 1865–1868
 Nouvelles œuvres inédites, hrsg. von A. M. P. Ingold, 5 Bände, Colmar, 1897–1900

Ein deutscher Beurteiler von Grandidiers Leistungen sagte 1788 über ihn: "Ein frühzeitiges Genie, ganz für Geschichte geboren, mit kritischem Forschungsgeiste, mit der trefflichen Darstellungsgabe, mit Leichtigkeit und Klarheit im Vortrage ausgerüstet und mit einem seltenen Glück in Auffindung ungedruckter Urkunden begleitet, leistete er schon von seinem 19. Jahre an mehr als manche historische Graubärte". Mehrere bedeutende alte Dokumente blieben nur aufgrund ihres Abdrucks durch Grandidier erhalten, weil die Originale später verlorengingen. An der ab Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts aufgekommenen Kritik, dass Grandidier manche von ihm veröffentlichte Urkunden gefälscht habe, ist nur soviel richtig, dass die entsprechenden Publikationen Ungenauigkeiten enthalten und nicht der modernen Kritik standhalten können.

Literatur
 Philipp H. Külb: Grandidier (Philippe André). In: Johann Samuel Ersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste, 1. Sektion, Bd. 79 (1865), S. 258 f.

 Grandidier, Philippe André, in: Dictionnaire de biographie française, Bd. 13 (1985), Sp. 964.
 Jürgen Voss: Grandidier, Philippe André, in: Nouveau dictionnaire de biographie alsacienne, Bd. 13 (1988), S. 1265 ff.

Anmerkungen

Historiker
Archivar
Franzose
Geboren 1752
Gestorben 1787
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Report: West Ham U21s 1-1 Millwall U21s*
*Lions beaten 8-7 on penalties
Millwall's U21 Development Squad exited the League Cup after losing 8-7 to West Ham United U21s on penalties following a 1-1 draw after extra-time.
Fred Onyedinma looked to have won it for The Lions in extra-time but Hammers substitute Jaanai Gordon scored an immediate equaliser to send the tie to penalties, which the hosts won when Dylan Casey's effort was saved.
The home side produced the first meaningful attack of the game but Matthias Fanimo's cross into the box was turned away by Jake Goodman at the near post.
Just seconds later Hammers midfielder Manny Onariase had the ball in the net only to see the linesman put his flag up for an offside earlier in the move.
Millwall's first chance of the game fell to Jack Powell, but the midfielder could only send a powerful effort from 25-yards over the bar before doing the same with a free-kick minutes later.
Neil Harris' side were enjoying the better of the opening exchanges with Powell and Ben Thompson controlling the midfield, and it was the latter who had The Lions' next chance, firing an effort just wide after positive play from Fred Onyedinma down the right.
Keeper Tom King found Aiden O'Brien with a long ball forward in the 18th minute, but the Irish striker, playing the lone frontman role in a 4-2-3-1 formation, could only head into the arms of West Ham keeper Sam Howes.
The best chance of the game up to that point, though, fell to Thompson, though the midfielder could only fire wide after bursting into the box.
Just two minutes later Onyedinma latched onto a through ball to go one-on-one with keeper Howes, who produced a smart save to deny the forward and keep the scores level at half-time.
Onyedinma was involved in the first key moment of the second-half, racing onto Powell's pass and beating his marker, Onariase, who brought him to ground and picked up a yellow card.
The Lions continued to control large parts of the game but were dealt a blow when midfielder Sofiane El Bekri was stretchered off in the 63rd minute with what looked like an ankle injury to be replaced by striker Alfie Pavey.
West Ham's first meaningful opportunity of the second-half fell to Kieran Sadlier, who headed Bywater's cross over the bar.
With extra-time beckoning, and the game becoming increasingly stretched as both sides searched for a winner, Sid Nelson and then Onyedinma both missed opportunities to score; the defender firing over after a corner and the forward hitting the side netting with a far post header.
Harris added fresh legs to his midfield for the extra period, replacing Thompson with Callum Webb, and it helped to further his team's control of proceedings as they continued to restrict the home side to few goalscoring opportunities.
With the game heading towards penalties, The Lions deservedly opened the scoring when Powell fed the lively Onyedinma, who took a touch before slotting past Howes.
West Ham, who hadn't looked like scoring during extra-time, were sparked into life and found an immediate equaliser when substitute Jaanai Gordon headed past King to ensure that penalties would decide the winner.
The two teams scored 15 consecutive spot-kicks before left-back Casey, on as a second-half substitute, saw his effort saved by Howes to seal the hosts' progress to the next round of the League Cup.
Millwall: King; Siafa, Nelson, Goodman, Wood (Casey, 72'); Powell, Thompson (Webb, 91'); Onyedinma, El Bekri (Pavey, 63'), Jeffrey; O'Brien. Subs: Girling, Twardek


text:
Q: AWS EC2 - Node.js not working after reboot I have set a small and free AWS instance up with an Amazon Linux AMI 2018.03.0 AMI. I created and configured two additional users (me and botManager) and nothing more. I then switched from ec2-user to botManager with su botManager and did not forgot to cd ~.
I installed node.js through nvm. To install nvm I simply copy/pasted this :
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.32.0/install.sh | bash

Made nvm accessible right away with :
. ~/.nvm/nvm.sh

As explained here : Tutorial: Setting Up Node.js on an Amazon EC2 Instance
Still no issue, not even a warning, nvm --version works and returns 0.32.0.
I wanted the last LTS version so I ran :
nvm install --lts

And it went smoothly. Both node -v and npm -v worked and respectively returned v8.11.3 and 5.6.0.
To be sure that everything is stable I ctrl+d to log out from botManager and as ec2-user reboot the server with sudo reboot.
The problem is when I log back in as botManager after the reboot and change to its home directory (~) nvm is still working but node -v and npm -v return :
bash: (node or npm): command not found

Strangely, when I check with nvm ls which versions of node.js are installed I end up with this :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o ~]$ nvm ls
    v8.11.3
node -> stable (-> v8.11.3) (default)
stable -> 8.11 (-> v8.11.3) (default)
iojs -> N/A (default)
lts/* -> lts/argon (-> N/A)
lts/argon -> v4.9.1 (-> N/A)
lts/boron -> v6.14.3 (-> N/A)
lts/carbon -> v8.11.3

How do I get node.js to work again and for long even after reboot ?
My Linux knowledge is very far from perfect and partly self-taught so any help is welcomed.
Edit 1 :
Results of whereis node; echo path :
[botManager@ip~]$ whereis node; echo $PATH node:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/aws/bin:/home/ec2-user/.local/bin:/home/ec2-user/bin:/opt/aws/bin

Edit 2 :
New clean installation :
Results of nvm install --lts :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o~]$ nvm install --lts
Installing latest LTS version.
######################################################################## 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v8.11.3 (npm v5.6.0)
nvm_ensure_default_set: a version is required

Results of whereis node; echo path :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o~]$ whereis node ; echo $PATH
node: /home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin/node

/home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/aws/bin:/home/ec2-user/.local/bin:/home/ec2-user/bin:/opt/aws/bin
Results of df -h :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o~]$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        484M   56K  484M   1% /dev
tmpfs           494M     0  494M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1      7.8G  1.2G  6.6G  15% /

After a reboot :
  Results of whereis node; echo path :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o~]$ whereis node ; echo $PATH

node:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/opt/aws/bin:/home/ec2-user/.local/bin:/home/ec2-user/bin:/opt/aws/bin
Results of df -h :
[botManager@ip-f-o-o-o~]$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        484M   56K  484M   1% /dev
tmpfs           494M     0  494M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/xvda1      7.8G  1.2G  6.6G  15% /

A: After reboot, your $PATH is reset, /home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin is no more present in, so your binary is unavailable.
Add this in your $PATH variable on startup : /home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin
Edit
Add this to your .bashrc :
export PATH=$PATH:/home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin

Or Add this line to your /etc/environment file
/home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin

Or create a symlink in /usr/bin
ln -s /home/botManager/.nvm/versions/node/v8.11.3/bin/node /usr/bin/node

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


15.30 : Light Orchestral Concert.
The Station Orchestra: Overture, ' Hatka ' (Moninski). Esther Coleman (Contralto) and Orchestra : 0 Divine Redeemer (Gounod), Koow'st thou the land? (' Mignon (Thomas); Hindoo Song ('Sadko') (Rimsky-Korsakov). Orchestra: Shepherd Fennel's Dance (Baliour Gardiner); Leonard Gowinga (Tenor) and Orchestra: Kecit. and Air-Lo I Here my Love, Love in her eyes site playing, from ' Acis and Galatea ' (Handel); Onaway, awake, Beloved, from ' Riawatha' (Coleridge-Taylor) Orchestra : Introduction and Waltz, * Eugen On6gin ' (Tchaikovsky).
16.30 : Light Orchestral Concert (continued).
Orchestra : Carnival in Paris (Svendsen). Esther Coleman: Magdalen at Michael's Gate (Lehmann). In April (Austin) ; None but the weary heart (Tchaikovsky). Orchestra : Symphonic Poem, Mazeppa ' (Liszt). Leonard Gowinga, with Piano: The Garland (Mendelssohn); W. wandered (Brahms); Ave Maria (Kahn). Orchestra: Dance of the Tumblers (' The Snow Maiden ') (Rimsky-Korsakov).


If you need assisted living, speak to a person who can help you find assisted living in New York City by calling 888.437.4817. Assisted living is necessary if your senior aged loved one needs assistance with activities of daily living such as bathing. It is important to prevent injuries and accident, before they happen. A simple misstep or fall while getting into or out of the bathtub or shower is not very critical or alarming for a younger person most times, but for a senior can be devastating. If a fall should occur and a senior sustains injuries the injuries are usually more severe in an elderly person. The amount of time to recover from a fall and any subsequent treatment or surgery is usually much longer than it would be with a younger person. A senior, who is left immobile for a period of time, while recovering from a fall, will have a harder time getting back to the way that they were before the injury had occurred.
Seniors having a hard time getting around their New York apartment are finding new freedoms in New York assisted living facilities. When your senior reaches a point in his or her life where there is a need for assistance with everyday living activities an assisted living facility might just be the best place for your aging loved one to call home.
If you feel you need assisted living in New York City, please call 888.437.4817 to speak to a person who can help you find assisted living in the New York area. The reason that assisted living is a desirable option for many aging adults is that aging adults may maintain their independence, while getting the help that he or she needs to live a happy, safe life. Day-to-day seniors may have changing needs for assistance. One thing is for sure, without the assistance a senior will be more likely to go without things that would otherwise benefit their lives or to be not able to do things that would otherwise promote healthy, safe living. An assisted living facility may be the right choice if you fear that your senior aged loved one is not safe living at home alone. Abandonment issues are a real concern within the senior community. It is important to realize, sooner rather than later, when your senior may just no longer be able to do it all alone. All loving family and friends have concern for their senior aged loved ones, but often knowing when making the choice with your loved one to employ the option of assisted living is the hardest part of making the decision. It may be a valuable resource to be able to speak with someone who is knowledgeable about assisted living in your area to determine what options are available and start thinking of when and if the assisted living facility is right for your senior aged loved one. Assisted living may not be the appropriate choice if your senior needs around the clock care, but is able to perform many daily living activities with assistance.


text:
John Pearson Soda Works oder auch Placerville Soda Works ist ein historisches Bauwerk an der Main Street in Placerville, Kalifornien in den Vereinigten Staaten. Das Bauwerk wurde am 12. Dezember 1985 als Denkmal in das National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) aufgenommen.

Das Bauwerk entstand in mehreren Etappen. Ein älteres Bauwerk an der Stätte brannte in den 1850er Jahren in einem vernichtenden Feuer nieder, das den größten Teil Placervilles betraf. Der schottische Einwanderer John McFarland Pearson erbaute 1859 den unteren Teil des Gebäudes als kommerzielles Eishaus.

Er wählte den Standort so vor der Öffnung zu einem stillgelegten Bergwerksstollen, dass er die unterirdischen Räume und Stollen zur Lagerung von Eis bei kontrollierten Temperaturen nutzen konnte. Außerdem wurden die Wände 22 Zoll dick gemauert, um das im Inneren gelagerte Eis kalt zu halten.  Pearson erweiterte seine Aktivitäten später auf die Erzeugung von Sodawasser; seine Söhne fügten 1897 dem Gebäude das zweite Stockwerk aus Backstein hinzu, um die Abfüllungsanlage unterzubringen. Sie fügten einen durch Wasserkraft angetriebenen Fahrstuhl hinzu, um die Produkte von einer Ebene in die andere zu transportieren. Außerdem wurden andere Lebensmittel verkauft, wie etwa Eier und Bier.

Der Geschäftsbetrieb wechselte mehrfach den Besitzer, die Familie Pearson behielt aber das Eigentum an dem Gebäude für eine geraume Zeit. Schließlich verkauften die Söhne den Betrieb 1904 an Scherrer Bros. Diese verkauften 1934 an Robert Hook, die es in einen Abfüllbetrieb von Coca-Cola Bottling Co. umwandelten.  In dem Gebäude waren auch andere Betriebe untergebracht, bis die Familie Pearson das Gebäude 1972 an den Sammler von Antiquitäten Roger John Douvres veräußerte. Dieser ließe es über die Dauer von vier Jahren hinweg renovieren. Er richtete im Erdgeschoss eine Sodawasserzapfstelle im alten Stil ein und stattete das Obergeschoss mit einem eleganten Speisesaal aus, dessen Einrichtung sich am Stil zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts orientierte. Douvres' Tochter sorgte für die Eintragung des Gebäudes in das NRHP. In dem Gebäude waren auch ein Theater, ein Antiquitätengeschäfte, ein Buchladen, ein Musikladen und das Placerville Coffee House untergebracht, bevor 2003 das heute sich dort befindliche Cozmic Café eröffnete.

Das Gebäude einer anderen Sodawasserfabrik, Fountain-Tallman Soda Works, befindet sich unweit und ist ebenfalls im NRHP eingetragen.

Belege

Weblinks
 The Cozmic Café

Denkmal im National Register of Historic Places (Kalifornien)
Fabrikgeschossbau
Industriebauwerk in Kalifornien
Gastronomiebetrieb (Vereinigte Staaten)
Erbaut in den 1850er Jahren
Unternehmen (El Dorado County)
Umgenutztes Bauwerk in den Vereinigten Staaten
Tourismus (Kalifornien)
Bauwerk im El Dorado County
Placerville


2616 Beaconsfield Place is a stunning 3 bedroom 2 bath mid-century home with refined style, an open floor plan and amazing indoor/outdoor flow. Originally designed by architect Allan R. Johannes of Artistic Ideas and built in 1948, the home measures 1844 sq. ft. (per past appraisal) and is sure to please the most discerning buyer. From the gorgeous yards, to the amazing view deck to the large patio, this is California living at its best!
Enter the front door and prepare to be impressed! From the floors to the paint colors to the beautiful outlooks this is one special house. The floors are a beautiful ebony and the sophisticated paint colors are in tune with today's design aesthetic. With all the living space, bedrooms and bathrooms on one level this is a very easy home in which to live!
Once you step into the front door a sense of calm and ease takes over. Straight ahead is the entry hall with ample closet space and a cool built-in shelving unit that cleverly conceals the stairs that lead to the garage and laundry room below. The glass door at the end of the hallway gives you a glimpse of the patio and backyard.
To your left is the dramatic light-filled living room featuring a wood-burning fireplace, a wall of windows with lovely shutters and a corner window that looks out to the view. Open the corner window and French doors that lead to the front deck on those warm summer days and take advantage of the cool cross breeze. Early evenings in this room are magical as you catch the sun setting over the hills out the front window and the bay and trees out the corner window.
Next to the living room is the dining area. This area has been the scene of countless dinner parties and celebrations! The built-in cabinets are a convenient place to store entertaining supplies such as dishes, napkins and special glassware and the wall of windows allow for ample light and wonderful sunset dinners.
Through a swinging butler door find the remodeled eat-in kitchen. Efficiently laid out and well equipped, this kitchen is perfect for the home chef. Installed in 2018, the KitchenAid cooktop, combination wall oven/microwave, and dishwasher will thrill the cook in the family. The Porcelanosa subway tile backsplash compliments the beautiful white cabinetry and new Caesarstone counters. The breakfast nook has corner windows that looks out to the patio. The glass door from the kitchen to the back patio will make al fresco entertaining a breeze!
Speaking of al fresco this is one of the best outdoor spaces we have ever seen. At 14,391 sq. ft. (per appraisal) it's like having your own park! This yard is fully enclosed and has it all… patio, deck, level lawn, mature landscaping, planting gardens and a true sense of privacy!
The large patio runs the length of the house and is accessible by glass doors from both the kitchen and the hallway. The patio is made of warm flagstones and the gardens above the stacked rock garden wall are full of color and variety including several Japanese maples and drought-tolerant landscaping. The charming water feature is situated on the patio just outside the master bedroom.
At the end of the patio find the expansive flat grassy yard which is fully enclosed and perfect for play or just hanging out. Foliage on the street side of the yard provides a natural screen to the neighboring homes and street below that results in a great sense of privacy.
Beyond the lawn find the sizable view deck. Imagine late nights with friends and family on the deck taking in the view which is beautifully framed by trees.
A fenced planting garden in the front of the home completes the outdoor space and it even has an outdoor shower for the gardener who wants to rinse off before going back in the house.
All three bedrooms and bathrooms are conveniently located down a central hallway which has windows all along the wall, as well as two sets of glass doors that open to the patio.
The sizable master bedroom is located at the end of the hall. It has plenty of closet space and a terrific nook that could be used as a nursery, office, additional closet space or a peaceful reading area. The floor to ceiling windows look out to the patio, beautiful landscaping, and charming water feature. The remodeled master bathroom features beautiful finishes and a glass-enclosed shower with rain and hand-held shower heads.
Bedrooms two and three are also located on the central hallway. Both have beautiful shutters and good closets. The main bathroom has also been remodeled with beautiful high-end finishes, and includes a wonderful glass tub enclosure. It is conveniently located between the two bedrooms.
On the practical side the two-car garage and dedicated laundry room are located down the stairs just off the entry. The laundry room has been fully remodeled with fresh tile and an industrial sink that will work for washing clothes or washing the dog! Off the laundry room find extra storage. The garage has plenty of space to store bikes, tools and anything else you might need. The home also has air conditioning to keep you cool during those East Bay heat waves!
Just behind the home find Beaconsfield Canyon. This 5.5 acre canyon was once slated for development but is now a city park and thriving thanks to Friends of Sausal Creek, a volunteer group that meets on the last Saturday of most months to restore and maintain the area. The open space harbors four different habitats and a wealth of native plants including a stand of rare black cottonwood trees.
Located in Piedmont Pines this is also a terrific location. Just minutes from Montclair Village where you will find shops, services, restaurants and grocery stores. Endless nearby trails include the stunning and dog-friendly French Trail in Redwood Regional Park, perfect for weekend adventures. The Chabot Space and Science Center is less than 10 minutes away.
Highway 13, which leads to I-580 , Highway 24 and Rockridge BART, is just minutes away - making this a great commute location as well.
A wonderful home that will satisfy many of the "must-haves" on any buyers list… 2616 Beaconsfield Place is an amazing place to call home!


text:
Ко́йрино́я () — деревня в Питкярантском районе Республики Карелия. Административно относится к Питкярантскому городскому поселению.

Общие сведения
Расположена на трассе Питкяранта — Сортавала . В деревне также берёт начало трасса  (Койриноя — Суоярви). Имеется электрическая подстанция.

С финского языка название Койриноя переводится как «Собачий ручей».

Вблизи деревни на реке Койринйоки расположены каскадные водопады «Койриноя-1» (высота падения 6 м) и «Койриноя-2» (высота падения 5 м). Внизу водопада «Койриноя-1» на островках расположены фрагменты Митрофановского олово-медеплавильного завода, работавшего здесь в 1842—1859 годах.

Население

Примечания

Населённые пункты Питкярантского района


My Measurement goal was Read and explain every day time problems this was my goal because it was at the top of my gaps and because I didn't know how to use analogue clock. Now I also know how to read an analogue clock and convert time to 24 hour. So 2:00 pm in 24 hour time would be 14:00 pm because it is 14 hours after midnight and 3:00 pm would be 15:00 pm.


As we strive to serve our students during this fiscal crisis, many faculty members find that we are working more and more hours to fill gaps created by dwindling resources and the College's inability to replace retiring faculty. Many faculty members are also working as unpaid coordinators for programs and sites. Beyond that, many adjunct faculty members are performing college service activities without pay because they are committed to their departments and programs and often work in areas where there are few regular faculty members to complete the work. Faculty members most at risk of being exploited are those who are newly hired, who often do not know their contractual rights and believe that many of the tasks assigned to them truly are part of the job.
How does this happen? Educational systems have a history of balancing their budgets by "guilting" faculty and staff into doing more than is contractually required. And, of course, since we are mostly overly responsible high-achievers, we often fall for the pleas to "better serve our students." But the problem is that the faculty is doing much more than we are being paid to do. AFA addressed this problem in an Update article in May 2009. Now, two and a half years later and with the prediction that it may be several more years before California climbs out of its fiscal hole, the faculty is tired and frustrated. An effective solution to this problem is to say "no" to taking on additional work without compensation.
In this article, AFA is repeating the message that we sent in May 2009: Just do your job. You are not required to do administrative work, you are not required to fix all the problems in your department, and you are not required to do more than is outlined in the Contract. Also, AFA wants to remind faculty in the tenure review process that your primary responsibilities are to your students during the first four years of employment.
If we limit ourselves to "just doing our jobs," what exactly does that mean? Article 17 of the AFA Contract outlines the job descriptions for regular and adjunct faculty as well as department chairs. Take some time to look over Article 17 and ask yourself, "Am I doing more than the job description requires? Am I sacrificing my health and well-being to perform administrative tasks? Am I doing a disservice to my students by overworking myself?" I think that many faculty members will have to honestly answer "Yes" to at least one of these questions. Our students deserve the majority of our attention and care, and that may not always be the case if we take on too many additional tasks. We also recommend that you take a look at the definitions in Article 17.04. Several years ago AFA and the District agreed to definitions for coordinators because there are so many people working not only without pay but also without job descriptions. No further progress on this issue has been made in negotiations since reaching the agreement on definitions, but AFA will continue to push for Contract language that further protects faculty from abuse in this area.
AFA is committed to the principles that no one works for free, that the job description exists to protect faculty from abuse, and that the District should acknowledge that many people—regular faculty, adjunct faculty, and chairs—are working outside existing job descriptions. This lack of adherence to the Contract is technically grievable. Without clear job descriptions, all members of the faculty are susceptible to exploitation, but you don't have to be a victim of abuse, given the existence of Article 17.
In short, we're doing way too much to solve the larger problems of the District. If you're being asked to do more than Article 17 specifies, contact AFA.


text:
Stephen Miller pressuring Trump officials amid immigration shakeups
Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen's border enforcement approach often exasperated White House adviser Stephen Miller,<b> </b>who saw her as insufficiently bold. Her departure was announced Sunday. | Evan Vucci/AP Photo
By Anita Kumar, Gabby Orr and Daniel Lippman
As President Donald Trump roils the capital over illegal immigration, his influential aide Stephen Miller is playing a more aggressive behind-the-scenes role in a wider administration shakeup.
Frustrated by the lack of headway on a signature Trump campaign issue, the senior White House adviser has been arguing for personnel changes to bring in more like-minded hardliners, according to three people familiar with the situation — including the ouster of a key immigration official at the Department of Homeland Security, whose secretary, Kirstjen Nielsen, announced Sunday that she is resigning.
Miller has been telephoning mid-level officials at several federal departments and agencies to demand they do more to stem the influx of immigrants, according to two people familiar with the calls.
The pressure comes as Trump, who forced a government shutdown over his demand for a southern border wall, is again making immigration the central theme of his presidency; last week, Trump backed off his threats to shut down the border entirely.
The officials at the departments of Homeland Security, Justice and State, who each handle different parts of the immigration process, were initially surprised that a high-ranking White House official like Miller would call them directly, rather than contact their bosses.
"It's intimidation," one of the people who was briefed on the calls told POLITICO. "Anytime you get a call like this from the White House it's intimidation. ... Under normal circumstances, if you were a deputy in one of these agencies, it would be very unusual."
DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen resigns
"There's definitely a larger shakeup abreast being led by Stephen Miller and the staunch right wing within the administration," said a person close to Nielsen, who resigned Sunday after months of pressure from a president who felt she was not tough enough on illegal immigration. "They failed with the courts and with Congress and now they're eating their own."
It was unclear whether Miller played a role in the departure of Nielsen, who resigned during a Sunday evening meeting with Trump and whose approach to border enforcement often exasperated Miller and other hardline immigration reform advocates, who saw her as insufficiently bold.
A 33-year-old policy adviser and speechwriter, Miller is the Trump administration's most influential advocate for stricter immigration policies. He uses his close relationship with Trump and tight ties to conservative media to shape the president's thinking. But he has kept a relatively low public profile in recent months, even as Trump has hammered constantly at what he calls a crisis on the southern border, where illegal crossings have surged recently.
But critics of Trump's policies and personnel moves believe that Miller may be playing an instrumental role. Several members of Congress, unhappily surprised by the withdrawal of the nomination of acting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Director Ronald Vitiello, have been asking administration officials and lobbyists for an explanation.
Miller and the White House didn't respond to a request for comment.
Miller also has been pushing for Trump to fire Lee Francis Cissna, director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, who has overseen implementation of some of the administration's lesser-known immigration policies, including green card adjustments and changes to how the federal government processes and admits refugees.
"He's actively trying to put in place people who have very different points of view than the current leadership within the agencies," said a former DHS official familiar with Miller's efforts. "His idea is basically [to] clean house."
Homeland Security chief Nielsen is out
By Ted Hesson and Eliana Johnson
Miller also appears to have played a role in Trump's surprise move on Friday to withdraw his nomination of Vitiello, whom he had moved to install permanently, saying he wanted to take the agency in a "tougher direction."
Miller had informed the president days before he pulled Vitiello's nomination that the acting ICE chief had reservations about closing the southern border, which Trump has recently threatened to do against the recommendation of some of his top economic advisers and policy aides.
"He thinks we can be tougher — that if we only can do more tough talk this may stop," another person close to DHS said.
The decision to pull Vitiello's nomination surprised Nielsen, who protested the move, according to two people close to the situation. It also shocked Republicans on Capitol Hill.
"It's kind of a kick in the face to ICE in the middle of a very difficult period," a congressional aide said. "There's understandably a limited bench for people who are willing and able to do the job."
Several Republican members of Congress have called the White House to question Vitiello's withdrawal, according to two people familiar with the phone calls.
"There's a worry now that there's an erosion of people that actually have operational judgment that can at least provide the president with counsel about what will be some of the negative consequences for some of these ideas," a person close to DHS said.
Miller's efforts to oust Cissna from his post, meanwhile, have even frustrated some of the White House aide's usual allies.
"If there's anyone worthy of the White House's ire on the immigration issue, it certainly isn't Francis Cissna," said RJ Hauman, government relations director at the Federation for American Immigration Reform. "A change at the top of USCIS would be a colossal mistake."
But Miller has left some officials feeling as though their positions, too, could be in jeopardy if they don't pursue a more aggressive approach to border control. His calls to several officials — including Craig Symons, chief counsel at USCIS; Carl Risch, the assistant secretary of State for consular affairs; ICE Deputy Director Matthew Albence; and Kathy Nuebel, policy and strategy chief at USCIS — have sometimes included discussions about poor work performance among colleagues, according to a source briefed on one such conversation.
Last week, as Trump threatened once again to shut down the border — a threat he later walked back, saying he would instead impose auto tariffs on Mexico if immigration and drug trafficking is not curtailed — Miller held a conference call with immigration activists to explain the administration's position and answer questions.
He has told allies that the administration is out of ideas about how to stem the migrant tide at the border, according to a source familiar with the conversations.
The number of family members intercepted at the southwest border soared in March, according to preliminary CBP statistics. While overall arrests remain below the high levels of the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, the Trump administration argues families and children present unique humanitarian and security issues.
Trump officials have also recently discussed creating an immigration "czar" — a single official who would oversee the issue across dozens of departments and agencies. The position would not require Senate confirmation.
Eliana Johnson and Ted Hesson contributed to this story.
Immigration,
Department Of Homeland Security,
Donald Trump 2020,
Border,
Border Patrol,
Customs And Border Protection,
Stephen Miller,
Border Wall,
Kirstjen Nielsen,
Kevin McAleenan,
Francis Cissna


2nd Edition after 4 years! 4 years ago SW Szczecin was among the first cities to hold a SW in Poland!
Szczecin is at the border with Germany. There were then many people coming from both Germany and Poland but also from Holland, Ukraine, France or Nigeria.
Organization: Organizers did a great job! The event was small but there were all the time many people to take care of between the mentors, judges, attendees, visitors… They also provided all the material we needed and were always open for a chat or to help teams! Also, the Startup Weekend methodology (BMCanvas, Pitching process…) were explained in different workshops. I met really cool people who did great in terms of logistics & advice for a first SW!! The weak point was, in my opinion, on the presentation & facilitating approach. There was indeed no official facilitator from Startup Weekend to put everyone in the proper atmosphere as I saw in other events before. As a result, we missed a bit of craziness to make the weekend even more fun!
To sum-up; you guys did great and I thank you for being always available for all kind of questions (especially on where to take a shower ;)). I'm sure, there will be more SWSzczecin to come and they will all be better than the previous ones!! Learn by doing, that's a Startup Weekend value!
Venue: The Technopark from Szczecin is just awesome! It is a spacious place, super modern, open 24/7 and each team had enough space around to express their self and work with enough freedom and privacy. So +1 for the venue!
On Friday night, I counted around 42 attendees and only 14 did pitch an idea! This is so few! As always, I saw people really hesitating about going but they were not encouraged enough to take the shot! When I was talking about craziness above, this is what I meant. People go more easily pitching after having played a crazy game all together or after a very energetic presentation! However, 14 pitches was at least enough to make choices. Some ideas were focused on traveling and tourism, sharing platform as an AirBnB model or animal. Due to few pitches, there was not a high diversity in ideas but in the end, 6 teams started to work on their concept! So everyone was happy!
Florian, a cool German guy, pitched an idea about a way to get information about books in a Map kind of view. I liked the idea and so did many others… Indeed, we ended up to be 8 within the team! The biggest team I ever worked with so far and we were all business people… Therefore our skill diversity was very limited! Anyways, we took our time to share our stories and who we are and we started to brainstorm! Very quickly, two main ideas popped out; a mapping platform for books that could connect them and crawl recommendations from people or a wiki platform where to share an effective process to learn a new skill or knowledge steps by steps.
We took the decision of going for the wiki social aspect. KnowledgePath ended up as a Wiki platform where people share their stories about how they learnt a new skill/knowledge. Users would show their path and the steps they have been going through!
A cool atmosphere within the team: everyone was pretty much on the same page. Even though we had our ups and downs in the decision making process, we always kept a good mood with a lot of humor and we spent time to get to know each other.
A really good user validation: we are maybe the only team which went outside to get feedback from people. We even collected e-mail address.
A strong Startup Weekend experience: most of us had already attended SWs or Hackathon. For example, I met Pascal who is a Startup Weekend NERD just like me! He indeed participated in 15 Startup Weekends!! That is 5 more than me HAHA!
A big team: we were indeed 8! Sometimes we didn't have enough tasks to keep everyone busy and motivated!
We spent too much time on deciding how we should orientate the product. Indeed, we hesitated a lot between a book based idea or a social Wiki one and not everyone agreed on the main values for our product even after voting. We had clearly a loss of motivation after that and it took us time to get back on the track as a solid team.
We had a very clear final presentation and the jury recognized it. We were very professional and we simply showed what values we were trying to bring to users & customers. We were very sharp on our advantages. However, our weaknesses were too obvious at some point; our team wasn't enough diversified to make it happens.
We all learnt a lot! It was the first time I was part of such a big team and this Startup Weekend in Szczecin really made me realized how challenging it is! Having 5 different nationalities (Germany, Holland, Ukraine, Nigeria and France) around the table helped a lot to learn from each other as well.
We assisted to 6 different final pitches. Every team had different ways to present and some had very good execution, meaning that they did build an actual prototype over the weekend! Oh yeah I forgot, Jane, one of our teammate, played Ukulele in live!
As I wrote above, our pitch was well done in term of presentation skills. It was indeed very clear. However, not having an actual prototype was a huge weak point. Also, having a product relying on social sharing system force you to build an important user community and proving that you can do it over a weekend is impossible even if we had a strategy about that.
I liked very much the fact that the jury gave a personalized feedback to each team! This doesn't happen in all Startup Weekends and it is actually very valuable. So everyone really appreciated that they took time to do so!
First of all, Polish people are so nice! I came by hitchhiking to Szczecin with non-English speakers and it really didn't matter! They took me in and were glad to help me! I was always given attention there, even if we didn't speak a common language! I remember this guy driving me for the last 15 kilometers to Szczecin… We couldn't understand each other but through smiling, gestures and some common words we spent a really cool time! This is very Human in a way and such little moments mean a lot to me! The organizing team took great care of all attendees. Here again, I saw very helpful people who did a great job! It was the second Startup Weekend edition in 4 years and I'm sure the next one will be even better!
Seeing so many coaches and mentors going freely from teams to teamds was actually a pretty good thing this time. They were most of the time very helpful and didn't try to change everything in a team with their feedbacks. It was as well a very good way to meet inspiring and interesting people!
To sum-up, I had a good time in Szczecin and I met very cool people among the local population, attendees, organizers and coaches. Thank you for this SWSzczecin! I'm sure the next SW will be even better! Good luck and Bon vent!
Sport Trip Planner: find the best touristic places regarding the sport you want to practice there. The team was very good and diversified in term of skills!
Footsteps: share your personal touristic tips and routes with a community and get rewarded for that. They did build the best actual prototype. The mobile app was responsive and well designed!
FindSuperHero.com: find the right developers in freelance to collaborate with you on a project.
This entry was posted in SW Summaries and tagged françois gobert, Poland, Startup, Startup weekend, Startup Weekend World Tour, startupweekendworldtour, Szczecin, Tour, Travel, Weekend, World by François. Bookmark the permalink.
Intéressant et bien écrit, félicitation. On a un peu l'impression de participer à l'elaboration de projets ! J'avais une question: qui décide d'aller pitcher ? Toi tu choisis sur quel projet tu souhaites travailler ou tu pourrais aussi présenter une idée ?
En ce qui me concerne, j'adore pitcher mais j'ai une règle pendant ce voyage: "No 1 minute Pitch!". Donc je rejoins à chaque fois une équipe qui me plaît.


text:
Good Friday / Cut-Off Schedule
Due to the upcoming holiday on Friday, April 15th, our Miami office will be closed.
Cut-off for documentation and cargo will be as follows:
Eastern Caribbean Service
St. Maarten, St. Kitts, Anguilla, St. Barths, Nevis, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbados, Virgin Gorda,
St. Vincent, Grenada, Montserrat, Guyana, Point Lisas, Port of Spain, Tortola, Antigua.
LCL documentation and cargo cut-off: Tuesday at 12:00 Noon
FCL documentation cut-off: Tuesday at 12:00 Noon / cargo cut-off Wednesday 5:00 PM
ABC / Venezuela
Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, Maracaibo.
LCL documentation and cargo cut-off: Wednesday at 12:00 Noon (LAG/PBL)
FCL documentation cut-off: Wednesday at 5:00 PM / cargo cut-off Thursday 5:00 PM
Nicaragua / San Andres
El Rama, Managua, San Andres
LCL documentation and cargo cut-off: Wednesday at 12:00 Noon
FCL documentation cut-off: Wednesday at 5:00 PM / cargo cut-off Thursday at 12:00 Noon
North Central America (NCA)
Puerto Cortes, Honduras, Santo Tomas de Castilla, Guatemala and San Salvador, El Salvador
FCL documentation cut-off: Thursday at 12:00 Noon / cargo cut-off Thursday 5:00 PM
South Central America (SCA)
Puerto Limon, Costa Rica, Manzanillo, Panama
LCL documentation and cargo cut-off: Tuesday 4:00 PM
Pacific Service
Callao, Peru Guayaquil, Ecuador
LCL documentation and cargo cut-off: Monday 4:00 PM
Colombia, Dominican Republic, Suriname.
Barranquilla, Cartagena, Rio Haina, Paramaribo
FCL documentation cut-off: Wednesday at 12:00 Noon / cargo cut-off Thursday 5:00 PM
Haiti Service
Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitien
FCL documentation cut-off: Thursday 10:00 AM / cargo cut-off Thursday 5:00
All Trades:
Hazardous Documentation: (IMO) cut-off: Tuesday at 12:00 Noon
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at 305-591-7595.
Dept.kingocean.com or call Customer Service at: Miami: 305.591.7595


HUGE congrats to the winner of the Collage Video giveaway for Paul Katami's A.S.A.P. Hardball Conditioning is: Fit Kitty who said..."I follow Fitness for the Rest of Us on twitter"
And if you didn't win- A.S.A.P Hollywood 4X4 Bootcamp is on sale at Collage Video right now for only $19.99!
The winner has been emailed and has 48 hours to respond & claim her fantastic prize. Thank you to everyone who entered and a HUGE thank you to Collage Video for sponsoring another awesome giveaway! Check out my current giveaways here.
Winners: If you have a blog- feel free to add my button! It would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!
Thanks, Lindsey - I just sent you an email!
Congrats, Fit Kitty! It's a great DVD.
Thanks, RP, I can't wait to try it!


Hawaiian Islands: personal security concerns Update for the Spring of 2017.
Largely unreported, some clubs, bars are being targeted by Caucasian Conservatives. Does not matter if you are Asian and Pro Trump. They aim to rid the USA of non-native workers & business owners.
Generally, most of the International Asian Organizations (Gangs & Masons) tend to keep to themselves in their own territory on the island of Oahu. The Honolulu Police Department is subjective to each town/local area where they are connected to local community (HPD is not objective in its conduct).
Pearl City/ Pearl Ridge/ Aiea / Salt lake - I have had most life threatening incidents here with the Honolulu Police Department . Police standing to watch the incident of attacks on my life.
Filipino & Caucasian influenced policing. Additionally, some Filipino-Americans are afraid to go to clubs in Honolulu due to police targeting.
Chinatown - Many residents stay away from Chinatown at night, despite worker & student attended early Happy Hours.
Homeless Tent Camps - families, children, civilian toxic mold survivors with apartments camp in the concrete industrial area of Kakaako.
"false prostitutes" aka women working together Taser men to steal money at Hotelroom.


text:
There are several different types of cryptocurrency wallets that cater for different needs. If your priority is privacy, you might want to opt for a paper or a hardware wallet. Those are the most secure ways of storing your crypto funds. There are also 'cold' (offline) wallets that are stored on your hard drive and online wallets, which can either be affiliated with exchanges or with independent platforms.
There are many ways you can plug into the Ethereum network, one of the easiest ways is to use its native Mist browser. Mist provides a user-friendly interface & digital wallet for users to trade & store Ether as well as write, manage, deploy and use smart contracts. Like web browsers give access and help people navigate the internet, Mist provides a portal into the world of decentralized blockchain applications.
David Golumbia says that the ideas influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements such as the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.[138] Steve Bannon, who owns a "good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be "disruptive populism. It takes control back from central authorities. It's revolutionary."[139]
Though each bitcoin transaction is recorded in a public log, names of buyers and sellers are never revealed – only their wallet IDs. While that keeps bitcoin users' transactions private, it also lets them buy or sell anything without easily tracing it back to them. That's why it has become the currency of choice for people online buying drugs or other illicit activities.
China banned trading in bitcoin, with first steps taken in September 2017, and a complete ban that started on 1 February 2018. Bitcoin prices then fell from $9,052 to $6,914 on 5 February 2018.[40] The percentage of bitcoin trading in the Chinese renminbi fell from over 90% in September 2017 to less than 1% in June 2018.[64] On August 1, 2017 a fork of the network created Bitcoin Cash.
Miners are the single most important part of any cryptocurrency network, and much like trading, mining is an investment. Essentially, miners are providing a bookkeeping service for their respective communities. They contribute their computing power to solving complicated cryptographic puzzles, which is necessary to confirm a transaction and record it in a distributed public ledger called the Blockchain.
The "requesting a transaction" means you want to transfers some coins (let's say bitcoin) to someone else. When you make the request the request is broadcasted to all the nodes. Then the nodes verify that (from all the history of transactions) you are not double spending your coins. When verified successfully the transaction is added in a block which is then mined by a miner. When the block is mined, your transaction is confirmed and the coins are transfered.
But while cryptocurrencies are more used for payment, its use as a means of speculation and a store of value dwarfs the payment aspects. Cryptocurrencies gave birth to an incredibly dynamic, fast-growing market for investors and speculators. Exchanges like Okcoin, Poloniex or shapeshift enables the trade of hundreds of cryptocurrencies. Their daily trade volume exceeds that of major European stock exchanges.
The proof-of-work system, alongside the chaining of blocks, makes modifications of the blockchain extremely hard, as an attacker must modify all subsequent blocks in order for the modifications of one block to be accepted.[92] As new blocks are mined all the time, the difficulty of modifying a block increases as time passes and the number of subsequent blocks (also called confirmations of the given block) increases.[79]
On 29 Novemvber 2017, South Korean Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon raised concerns that cryptocurrencies were corrupting the youth of South Korea, remarking "There are cases in which young Koreans including students are jumping in to make quick money and virtual currencies are used in illegal activities like drug dealing or multi-level marketing for frauds".[235]
While another less aggressive soft fork solution was put forth, the Ethereum community and its founders were placed in a perilous position. If they didn't retrieve the stolen investor money, confidence in Ethereum could be lost. On the other hand, recovering investor money required actions that went against the core ideas of decentralization and set a dangerous precedent.
Third-party internet services called online wallets offer similar functionality but may be easier to use. In this case, credentials to access funds are stored with the online wallet provider rather than on the user's hardware.[102] As a result, the user must have complete trust in the online wallet provider. A malicious provider or a breach in server security may cause entrusted bitcoins to be stolen. An example of such a security breach occurred with Mt. Gox in 2011.[103]
Several news outlets have asserted that the popularity of bitcoins hinges on the ability to use them to purchase illegal goods.[141][230] Nobel-prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz says that bitcoin's anonymity encourages money laundering and other crimes, "If you open up a hole like bitcoin, then all the nefarious activity will go through that hole, and no government can allow that." He's also said that if "you regulate it so you couldn't engage in money laundering and all these other [crimes], there will be no demand for Bitcoin. By regulating the abuses, you are going to regulate it out of existence. It exists because of the abuses."[231][232]
Any services that are centralized can be decentralized using Ethereum. Think about all the intermediary services that exist across hundreds of different industries. From obvious services like loans provided by banks to intermediary services rarely thought about by most people like title registries, voting systems, regulatory compliance and much more.
An increase in cryptocurrency mining increased the demand of graphics cards (GPU) in 2017.[37] Popular favorites of cryptocurrency miners such as Nvidia's GTX 1060 and GTX 1070 graphics cards, as well as AMD's RX 570 and RX 580 GPUs, doubled or tripled in price – or were out of stock.[38] A GTX 1070 Ti which was released at a price of $450 sold for as much as $1100. Another popular card GTX 1060's 6 GB model was released at an MSRP of $250, sold for almost $500. RX 570 and RX 580 cards from AMD were out of stock for almost a year. Miners regularly buy up the entire stock of new GPU's as soon as they are available.[39]
Here and there I have heard lots of people talk about death crosses or any kind of moving average cross and part of this post is just to add one detail to that, and then that will back up the rest of the post. In the lower chart we can see that the price action has mounted the 13 EMA and is coming upon the 48. The price action is going to get tight and if you...
The term altcoin has various similar definitions. Stephanie Yang of The Wall Street Journal defined altcoins as "alternative digital currencies,"[20] while Paul Vigna, also of The Wall Street Journal, described altcoins as alternative versions of bitcoin.[21] Aaron Hankins of the MarketWatch refers to any cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin as altcoins.[22]
A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. A cryptocurrency is difficult to counterfeit because of this security feature. Many cryptocurrencies are decentralized systems based on blockchain technology, a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers. A defining feature of a cryptocurrency, and arguably its biggest allure, is its organic nature; it is not issued by any central authority, rendering it theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation.
Properties of cryptocurrencies gave them popularity in applications such as a safe haven in banking crises and means of payment, which also led to the cryptocurrency use in controversial settings in the form of online black markets, such as Silk Road.[66] The original Silk Road was shut down in October 2013 and there have been two more versions in use since then. In the year following the initial shutdown of Silk Road, the number of prominent dark markets increased from four to twelve, while the amount of drug listings increased from 18,000 to 32,000.[66]
#BitBlockBoom was probably the most surreal event to occur in crypto land since the Bitconnect annual ceremony of January 2018. The event, which is a self-described conference for Bitcoin Maximalists, saw a presentation which gave a step-by-step guide to trolling and arguing with supporters of other cryptocurrencies. One slide, titled "The path to victory" closed with the statement "bully people that don't agree with us"; and another titled "Relentless propaganda again" led with "Nocoiners must be crushed" (here's a full transcript of the ramblings).
Both blockchains have the same features and are identical in every way up to a certain block where the hard-fork was implemented. This means that everything that happened on Ethereum up until the hard-fork is still valid on the Ethereum Classic Blockchain. From the block where the hard fork or change in code was executed onwards, the two blockchains act individually.
In 2016 a decentralized autonomous organization called The DAO, a set of smart contracts developed on the platform, raised a record US$150 million in a crowdsale to fund the project.[25] The DAO was exploited in June when US$50 million in ether were taken by an unknown hacker.[26][27] The event sparked a debate in the crypto-community about whether Ethereum should perform a contentious "hard fork" to reappropriate the affected funds.[28] As a result of the dispute, the network split in two. Ethereum (the subject of this article) continued on the forked blockchain, while Ethereum Classic continued on the original blockchain.[29] The hard fork created a rivalry between the two networks.
In 1998, Wei Dai published a description of "b-money", characterized as an anonymous, distributed electronic cash system.[12] Shortly thereafter, Nick Szabo described bit gold.[13] Like bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that would follow it, bit gold (not to be confused with the later gold-based exchange, BitGold) was described as an electronic currency system which required users to complete a proof of work function with solutions being cryptographically put together and published. A currency system based on a reusable proof of work was later created by Hal Finney who followed the work of Dai and Szabo.[citation needed]
Lightweight clients consult full clients to send and receive transactions without requiring a local copy of the entire blockchain (see simplified payment verification – SPV). This makes lightweight clients much faster to set up and allows them to be used on low-power, low-bandwidth devices such as smartphones. When using a lightweight wallet, however, the user must trust the server to a certain degree, as it can report faulty values back to the user. Lightweight clients follow the longest blockchain and do not ensure it is valid, requiring trust in miners.[101]


Here in Rome today is the (obligatory) memorial of Pope Blessed Paul VI. Poking around for something to give for a homily, I landed on a talk the Pope gave to the friars at our General Chapter of 1976. Towards the end he sets out three "requirements" for the work of evangelization.
The first could be formulated thus: the priority of being over doing. Evangelization demands witness and witness supposes an experience, one that follows from a deep life of interior union with Christ, that brings the disciple into a progressive conformity with the Teacher, to a becoming like Him, for Him, and in Him, something which little by little shrines through, and then in a convincing way, even in the external forms of living and of working. An external form marked particularly by the poverty of Christ, who, though he was rich made himself poor for love of us, in order to make us rich by his poverty. (cf. 2 Cor 8:9, Matt 8:20, Perfectae caritatis 13). And this is an essential teaching, which shines from the most authentic Franciscan message, a message more current now than ever.
The second requirement: closeness to the people. The Capuchin Order is an Order of the people, it rose up with this characteristic and will be accepted and effective in its evangelizing action if it keeps itself as people have seen it through the centuries. Hence the duty to live close to the humble classes; hence the commitment to a style of life, which, as far as it is poor, does not distance itself from them, hence the consistent exclusion of compromises against traditional austerity and simplicity of life, even regarding the external figure of a Capuchin.
Third requirement: fidelity to the Church, to the Vicar of Christ and to the bishops. Evangelization is never a personal thing, but always and only in the name of the Church, because it is to the Church that Christ has entrusted the task of announcing the Gospel to all peoples. (cf. Matt 20:18-20, Mk 16:15-16) To keep oneself in communion of mind, of heart, and of action with the directives and instructions of ecclesial authority in the concrete circumstances in which one has been called to work, both at the level of the universal Church and also in the individual particular churches; it is innate to every apostolic work which wishes to be "for building up and not for destroying" (2 Cor 10:8) the souls that Christ entrusts to you.
The whole thing is here (in Italian).