text:
Average: 10 (10 votes)
Izapa en las faldas del Volcán Tacaná; Lorena Gutiérrez G - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 ||| Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Lorena Gutiérrez G - Own">
IzapaBellasArtes; Thelmadatter - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en ||| Public domain
Thelmadatter - Own">
IzapaBellasArtes2; Thelmadatter - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en ||| Public domain
IzapaBellasArtesNum3; Thelmadatter - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/de/deed.en ||| Public domain
Izapa greenstone figurine, Late Formative; Madman2001 - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 ||| Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Madman2001 - Own">
Izapa ruins 1; Simon Burchell - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 ||| Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Simon Burchell - Own">
Izapa stela2; Simon Burchell - Own | //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Izapa_stela2.jpg ||| Copyrighted free use
Izapa stela25; Simon Burchell - Own | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ||| Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Puerto Chiapas
attractions, sightseeing, walking, history, archaeological site
Izapa is a very large pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the Mexican state of Chiapas; it was occupied during the Late Formative period. The site is situated on the Izapa River, a tributary of the Suchiate River, near the base of the Tacaná volcano, the sixth tallest mountain in Mexico.
The settlement at Izapa extended over 1.4 miles, making it the largest site in Chiapas. The site reached its apogee between 600 BCE and 100 CE; several archaeologists have theorized that Izapa may have been settled as early as 1500 BCE, making it as old as the Olmec sites of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán and La Venta. Izapa remained occupied through the Late Classic period. The period of Izapa's height is still unknown due to little material for carbon dating, so the issue is still widely debated.
Due to the abundance of carved Maya stelae and monuments at Izapa, the term "Izapa style" is used to describe similarly executed works throughout the Pacific foothills and highlands beyond, including some found at Takalik Abaj and Kaminaljuyu.
Izapa is located on wet and hilly land made of volcanic soil, though it is still fertile for agriculture. The weather is very hot and very wet. The area around Izapa was a major cacao producing area known as the Soconusco region, which was used by the Aztecs.
Site layout and architecture
Izapa was a large site that included extensive monuments and architecture. The site had eight groups of mounds with between 80 and 130 total mounds, of which about half have been restored.
Izapa has six major plazas. Group F is at the northern end of the site; Groups A, B, C, D, G, and H are located around the central area of the site, on the western shore of River Izapa. From north to south, the whole site is about 1.5 km long.
"The core area of Izapa is formed by Groups A to E, G and H, which correspond to the period of the greatest apogee of the site, circa 300 B.C. to 50 B.C. Group F contains a ballcourt amongst other structures, and corresponds to the late occupational phase of the site (between 50 B.C. to A.D. 100)."
Izapa's architecture makes up roughly 250,000 cubic meters when combined. The site included pyramids, sculptured plazas and squares, and possibly two ball courts. There are two long open areas that resemble ball courts found at other Mesoamerican sites, but it is unclear if these two courts were used for the ballgame. Mound 30A was where a stepped pyramid was built. This pyramid was around ten meters high and probably used for religious and ceremonial purposes.
Like many Mesoamerican sites, Izapa is laid out just east of true north; the exact alignment is 21 degrees east of north. It is aligned with the volcano Tacaná and also seems to be situated to the December solstice horizon.
Izapa and other Mesoamerican civilizations
Michael Coe describes Izapa as being a connective link between the Olmec and the early Maya. He supports his argument with the large amount of Olmec style motifs used in Izapan art, including jaguar motifs, downturned human mouths, St. Andrew's Cross, flame eyebrows, scrolling skies and clouds, and baby-face figurines. Also used to support Coe's hypothesis are elements in Maya culture thought to be derived from the Izapans, including similarities in art and architecture styles, continuity between Maya and Izapan monuments, and shared deities.
Other archaeologists argue that there is not yet enough known to support Coe and that the term "Izapan Style" should only be used when describing art from Izapa. Virginia Smith argues that Izapan art is too unique and different in style to be the result of Olmec influence or the precursor to Maya art. Smith says that Izapan art is very site specific and did not spread far from the site. Izapan art most likely did indirectly influence Maya art, though it would just be one of the many influences on the Maya.
Izapa is also included in the debate of the origin of the 260-day calendar. The calendar was originally thought to be a Maya invention, but recently it has been hypothesized that calendar originated in Izapa. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that Izapa fits the geological and historical conditions better than the previous place thought to be the origin.
Izapan monumental art
Izapa gains its fame through its art style. The art found at the site includes sculptures of stelae and also altars that look like frogs. The stelae and frog altars generally went together, the toads symbolized rain. Much of the art of Izapa that features people includes large groups of people, not individuals. There are common characteristics of Izapan art, such as winged objects, long-lipped gods much like the Chaac of the Maya, Olmec-like swirling sky and clouds, feline mouth used as frame, representation of animals (crocodile, jaguar, frog, fish, birds), overlapping, and lack of dates.
The sheer number of sculptures outweighs that of any contemporaneous site. Garth Norman has counted 89 stelae, 61 altars, 3 thrones, and 68 "miscellaneous monuments at Izapa. In contrast to the ruler-oriented sculpture of the Epi-Olmec culture 330 miles (550 km) across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Izapan sculpture has features mythological and religious subjects, and is ceremonial and frequently narrative in nature.
Also, in contrast to Epi-Olmec and later Maya stela, Izapa monuments rarely contain glyphs. Although this could imply that the Izapan culture lacked knowledge of any writing system, Julia Guernsey, author of a definitive work on Izapa sculpture, proposes instead that the monuments were intentionally language-free and that "Izapa's position at the juncture of two linguistic regions i.e. Mixe–Zoque and Maya may have fostered the penchant for non-verbal communicative strategies." Timothy Laughton, a British researcher, has provided a persuasive reading of the imagery and narrative depictions as one unified mythological whole, linking the mythology with the distribution of the monuments at the site.
Among the possible Izapa glyphs discussed by scholars are some that are known as "U Shape", "Border Panel" (skyband), and "Crossed Band". These glyphs have parallels with known Olmec symbols.
Notable monuments
Izapa Stela 1 features a long lipped deity, which Coe describes as the early version of Maya god of lightning and rain, Chaac. In Stela I, the god is walking on water while collecting fish into a basket and also wearing a basket of water on his back.
Izapa Stela 2, like Stela 25, has been linked to the battle of the Maya Hero Twins against Vucub Caquix, a powerful ruling bird-demon of the Maya underworld, also known as Seven Macaw.
Izapa Stela 3 shows a deity wielding a club. This deity's leg turns into a serpent while twisting around his body. This could be an early form of the Maya God K, who carried a staff.
Izapa Stela 4 depicts a bird dance, which has a king being transformed into a bird. The scene is most likely connected with the Principle Bird Deity. This transformation could symbolize shamanism and ecstasy, meaning the shaman-ruler used hallucinogens to journey to another world. The type of political system that was in place at Izapa is still unknown, though Stela 4 could suggest that a shaman was in charge. This shaman-ruler would serve the role of both the political and religious leader.
Izapa Stela 5 presents perhaps the most complex relief at Izapa. Central to the image is a large tree, which is surrounded by perhaps a dozen human figures and scores of other images. The complexity of the imagery has led some fringe researchers, particularly Mormon and "out of Africa" theorists, to view Stela 5 as support for their theories.
Izapa Stela 8 shows a ruler seated on a throne, which is located within a quatrefoil. The scene shown on Stela 8 is often compared to Throne 1, which was located by the central pillar of Izapa. Stela 8 may be showing a ruler seated atop Throne 1.
"When considered as a conceptual unit, the imagery of Throne 1 and Stela 8 directly associates the ruler's political authority, symbolised by the throne, with his supernatural abilities, symbolised by the quatrefoil portal (Guernsey 2006). A striking parallel exists between the imagery of Chalcatzingo Monument 1 and Izapa Stela 8, both of which feature elite individuals enthroned within a quatrefoil."
Izapa Stela 21 is a rare depiction of violence involving deities. The Stela illustrates a warrior holding the head of a decapitated god.
Izapa Stela 25 possibly contains a scene from the Popol Vuh. The image depicted on Stela 25 is most likely the Maya Hero Twins shooting a perched Principle Bird Deity with a blowgun. This scene is also shown on the Maya pot called the "Blowgunner Pot". It is also suggested that Stela 25 could be seen as a map of the night sky, which was used to tell the story of the Hero Twins shooting the bird deity.
Tapachula, Puerto Chiapas


text:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using FluentAssertions;
using Nerdle.Hydra.Exceptions;
using Nerdle.Hydra.Tests.Unit.TestHelpers;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace Nerdle.Hydra.Tests.Unit.DynamicClusterTests
{
    [TestFixture]
    class When_removing_a_component : _on_a_dynamic_cluster_of<ISomeService>
    {
        [Test]
        public void A_write_lock_is_obtained()
        {
            Sut.Remove(Components[Primary].Object);
            SyncManagerProxy.WriteLocksTaken.Should().Be(1);
        }

        [TestCase(Primary, new[] { Secondary, Tertiary })]
        [TestCase(Secondary, new[] { Primary, Tertiary })]
        [TestCase(Tertiary, new[] { Primary, Secondary })]
        public void The_component_is_removed(string componentToRemove, string[] remainingComponents)
        {
            Sut.Remove(Components[componentToRemove].Object);
            Sut.ComponentIds.Should().Equal(remainingComponents);
        }

        [Test]
        public void An_exception_is_thrown_if_a_sync_lock_cannot_be_obtained_within_the_configured_period()
        {
            Action removing = () => Sut.Remove(Components[Secondary].Object);
            // enter the lock on a different thread
            Task.Run(() => RwLock.EnterWriteLock()).Wait();
            removing.ShouldThrow<LockEntryTimeoutException>();
        }

        [Test]
        public void The_removed_components_failed_event_is_deregistered()
        {
            var eventFired = false;
            Sut.ComponentFailed += (sender, exception) => eventFired = true;
            Sut.Remove(Components[Primary].Object);
            Components[Primary].Raise(component => component.Failed += null, Components[Primary], new InvalidDataException());
            eventFired.Should().BeFalse();
        }

        [Test]
        public void The_removed_components_recovered_event_is_deregistered()
        {
            var eventFired = false;
            Sut.ComponentRecovered += (sender, exception) => eventFired = true;
            Sut.Remove(Components[Secondary].Object);
            Components[Secondary].Raise(component => component.Recovered += null, Components[Secondary], EventArgs.Empty);
            eventFired.Should().BeFalse();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Call For A Confidential Meeting
Consultation and Attorney Fee Policies
Business Law / Services
Estate Planning, Probate & Trusts
Driving Offenses & Licensing
Employment Law & Benefits
Taxation: Individuals & Business
Serving Jackson, Lansing, and Surrounding Communities for 120 Years
Home » Practice Areas » Business Law / Services » Non-Profit Organizations
Non-Profit Organization Law
Legal Advice and Guidance for Michigan Tax-Exempt Organizations
Although non-profit organizations are businesses, they are quite different than their for-profit siblings. Non-profits are organized and governed under a different set of laws and regulations.
The non-profit lawyers of Curtis, Curtis & Brelinski, P.C. can help you formally organize and incorporate your non-profit entity and file for tax-exempt status with the IRS. The IRS regulations require specific language in your organizational documents, so pulling documents off the internet or using do-it-yourself kits is highly discouraged. The State of Michigan does not tell you when you have made a mistake, and you likely won't find out until many months down the road after you've submitted your tax-exempt forms to the IRS and they are rejected for errors. This can significantly delay your approval by the IRS, and cause issues with your solicitations and funding, including any grant requests, because many donors will not act until you are officially approved as tax-exempt.
Our non-profit attorneys can also advise board members, officers and executive directors regarding day-to-day activities; solicitations of donations; board governance; taxation; employment law; real estate; and major transactions to ensure that your non-profit organization does not jeopardize its tax-exempt status with the IRS.
Our Jackson, Michigan-based non-profit lawyers provide legal advice and guidance to many tax-exempt organizations locally and throughout mid-Michigan, including schools, church organizations, business and trade associations and mental health service organizations. Our attorneys Philip J. Curtis and Brad A. Brelinski are deeply involved in the non-profit community, volunteering and serving on the Boards of Directors of many area non-profits throughout the years. We have first-hand knowledge and experience that is essential to assisting your tax-exempt organization.
Non-Profit Legal Services in Jackson County
Non-Profit Formation and Incorporation
Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws and Board Policies and Procedures
Applications and Ongoing Compliance of IRS Tax-Exemption
Donor Solicitation Advice and Legal Compliance
Charitable Gift Planning
Real Estate Law and Transactions
Business and Succession Planning
Business Transactions (Sales, Mergers & Acquisitions, Joint Ventures, Dissolutions)
For more information or to set up an appointment to speak to one of our non-profit attorneys, please call Curtis, Curtis & Brelinski at (517) 787-9481, email info@curtiscurtislaw.com, or complete our online contact form. Based in Jackson, we serve clients throughout mid-Michigan.
Corporate Maintenance
Entity Selection & Business Formation
General Contracts & Forms
Secured Transactions
Special Needs Trusts & Planning
Reviewing / Updating Your Current Estate Plan
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Probate & Trust Litigation
Quiet Title Lawsuits
Commercial Sales and Leases
Land Contracts and Mortgages
Residential Transactions
Zoning and Land Use Planning
Boundary & Property Line Disputes
Lake Access Disputes
Commercial Truck Driver Defense
Driver's License Restoration & Appeals
Employee Benefit Planning & Administration
401k Plans
Employee Stock Ownership Plans
Land Contract & Mortgage Forfeitures / Foreclosures
Individual Tax Return Preparation
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By submitting this form I understand that contacting the firm through the website does not start an attorney/client relationship.
Philip J. Curtis
Philip J. Curtis is a partner and managing attorney of Curtis, Curtis & Brelinski, P.C., which was founded by his grandfather, former Jackson County Probate Court Judge George H. Curtis, in 1901. Mr. Curtis joined the firm out of law school in 1970,… Read More
Brad A. Brelinski
Brad A. Brelinski is a partner and attorney with Curtis, Curtis and Brelinski, P.C. He joined the Jackson law firm in January 2008; was elected a partner in 2010; and became a named partner in 2015. Prior to joining the firm, he practiced with a busi… Read More
Jeffrey T. Landon
Jeffrey T. Landon is an attorney with Curtis, Curtis & Brelinski, P.C. Jeff joined our law firm in February 2021. Prior to joining the firm, Jeff worked for a Lansing law firm, Farhat & Story, P.C., from 2012 to 2021 and a North Dakota law firm, Lang… Read More
Recent News and Info
Staff Spotlight: Attorney Jeff Landon
Attorney Jeff Landon joined our firm in February 2021. The Jackson County Legal News published a wonderful and detailed feature on Jeff, and we thought it would be an excellent opportunity for a staff spotlight to our clients, colleagues, and friends… Read More
Firm Featured in Jackson Magazine
Jackson, Michigan – Our law firm was recently featured in the April 2021 edition of the Jackson Magazine. The article highlights our deep history and commitment of service to the Jackson community with a particular focus on our estate planning… Read More
Read More News and Info
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Taylor LaPlant
#4 Midfielder - Cal State Channel Islands
Hometown: Mill Valley, CA
High School: Tamalpais
2014 Cal State Channel Islands 4 9 8 2 0 0 10 - 2
2013 Cal State Channel Islands 4 5 10 1 0 0 0 - 0
2012 Cal State Channel Islands 4 20 1 0 0 0 13 - 10
2011 Cal State Channel Islands 2 19 1 2 0 0 0 - 0
02/23/2014 UC Irvine L 1-14 0 1 0 0 0
03/16/2014 Northern Arizona L 2-18 4 0 0 0 0
03/22/2014 @ Cal State Long Beach W 7-6 0 2 0 0 0
04/19/2014 Occidental L 1-25 0 1 0 0 0
04/12/2014 @ Marymount College L 11-12 0 2 0 0 0
02/17/2013 Nevada L 3-17 0 0 0 0 0
04/07/2013 Pepperdine University L 9-21 0 0 0 0 0
04/13/2013 @ Biola L 9-10 0 1 0 0 0
02/10/2012 California Lutheran University W 23-8 5 0 0 0 0
02/12/2012 UC Irvine W 14-10 4 0 0 0 0
02/18/2012 @ Pepperdine University L 10-11 4 0 0 0 0
02/25/2011 @ Biola L 11-15 5 1 2 0 0


This year, we took a bite out of the Magic City. From South Beach restaurants like 1826, Fez, and Drunken Dragon to suburban eateries like Finka Table and Tap, Shaddai, and Tira.D.Toss, in 2014 there was interesting food happening all over the city. Wynwood also gained Shikany and Proof Pizza & Pasta, while the Upper Eastside's food offerings continued to grow with Loba and Tap 79.


text:
Fraud & Benefit Recovery
The Fraud and Benefit Recovery Unit of Miami County Department of Job and Family Services prevents and detects fraudulent use of public assistance benefits, helping to make sure funds are available for those who need help. The Fraud and Benefit Recovery Unit are committed to investigating allegations of fraud and pursuing collections from the recipient of an overpayment. Depending on the severity of the fraud and overpayment, the case may be referred to the Prosecutor's office for review and possible criminal prosecution.
If you suspect public assistance fraud, call the Fraud Unit at 937-440-3471 or report suspected fraud online.
What happens if an individual is found guilty of OWF (Cash) Public Assistance Fraud?
The individual and entire household will not be allowed to receive cash again until the claim (overpayment is paid in full) if he or she has been in receipt of OWF (cash) and it has been determined to be an Intentional Program Violation (IPV)
Prosecution, made to make restitution as well as subject to court fines, and/or incarceration
What happens if an individual is found guilty of Food Stamp (SNAP) Public Assistance Fraud?
Food stamp (SNAP) disqualifications are applied to the individual only and the offense applied is dependent on the disqualification in effect at the time of the offense:
The first violation is 12 months disqualification
The second offense is 24 months of disqualification
The third offense is permanent disqualification
What happens if an individual is out of state receiving Food Stamp (SNAP) Assistance?
The individual would be subject to a 10 year disqualification for stating or misrepresenting his/her identity or place of residence.
Public Assistance Fraud:
In accordance with section 5101.83 of the Revised Code "fraudulent assistance" means the assistance and services, including cash assistance provided under the OWF program established under Chapter 5107 of the Revised Code, or Prevention, Retention, Contingency (PRC) program established under Chapter 5108 of the Revised Code, to or on behalf of an assistance group that is provided as a result of fraud by a member of the assistance group, including an intentional violation of the program's requirements.
Selling or Buying Food Stamps is Illegal!
To Report Suspected Public Assistance Fraud Call: 937-440-3471 or
Report Suspected Public Assistance Fraud online.
Child Support Enforcement Agency (CSEA)
Child Support Web Portal
Enforcing a Child Support Order
Establishing Paternity
Establishing a Support Order
Review and Adjustment of Child Support Orders
Termination of the Support Order
Learning, Earning, and Parenting (LEAP)
Food Assistance/SNAP
Non-Emergency Transportation Services (NET)
Healthchek
Monthly Newletter
Ohio Works First (OWF)
Prevention, Retention and Contingency Program
Title XX Services
Workforce Innovation & Opportunity Act (WIOA)


text:
The Green River Downtown Historic District is a  historic district in Green River, Wyoming that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.  The district included 11 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.

It includes the surviving portion of the original core area of Green River.

References

External links
 Green River Commercial District at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Sweetwater County, Wyoming

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This pasta is great dish for the whole family and perfect if you are having trouble trying to sneak in vegetables to every meal! It is filled with just the right amount of spice and vegetables to satisfy your palate while keeping your body warm and cozy. This meal is simple and truly starts with the beauty of vegetables and their ability to completely transform a dish by simply adding beautiful spices and creamy coconut milk.
Add water to a large pot and bring to a boil. Once boiled add your pasta of choice and cook as instructed.
Into a large pan on medium heat add your olive oil, onions, and garlic. Let them cook down for 5 minutes or until golden.
Add your chickpeas and cook for 5-7 minutes, stirring occasionally to avoid burning.
Add your asparagus and broccolini. Cook for 5 minutes then add your tomato paste, spices, and hot sauce. Stir well till your pasta has completely coated the veg.
Simmer/Cook on low heat for 10 minutes. Make sure your vegetables are cooked (not overdone).
Then add your coconut milk, bring to a boil, and cook on low for 5 minutes.
Strain your pasta and serve with this gorgeous sauce immediately.


text:
Henotesia aberrans är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Renaud Maurice Adrien Paulian 1951. Henotesia aberrans ingår i släktet Henotesia och familjen praktfjärilar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Praktfjärilar
aberrans


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text:
The troubled Postal Service
The U.S. Postal Service is losing billions. Can it be saved from bankruptcy and obsolescence?
What's wrong with the post office?
It's hemorrhaging money at the rate of about $25 million a day. The U.S. Postal Service, the nation's second-biggest employer after Walmart, lost almost $16 billion in the last fiscal year. By next fall, it is projected to have less than three days' worth of operating expenses on hand. (As an independent agency operating with federal oversight, the USPS can borrow money from the government to cover its losses but doesn't get any direct funding.) To ward off reckoning day, Postmaster General Patrick Donahoe last month announced that Saturday delivery of regular mail would end in August, in order to save $2 billion a year. That plan is meeting stiff resistance in Congress, which has notified Donahoe that he lacks "the constitutional and statutory authority" to eliminate Saturday delivery. Dozens of House and Senate members are vowing to go to court, if necessary, to block any change in delivery frequency. Donahoe isn't budging. "We plan to do what we said we were going to do," he said.
Why is the USPS losing so much money?
First-class mail volume has dropped by more than 25 percent since 2006, as Americans embraced email and started paying bills and communicating with each other online. But more than two thirds of last year's colossal losses were caused by pension obligations. In 2006, Congress and the Bush administration passed a law requiring the then-profitable Postal Service to prepay, over the course of just 10 years, 75 years' worth of anticipated retiree health benefits. Fearing a future financial collapse and a taxpayer bailout, Republicans insisted on the provision to guarantee that the post office would meet its future obligations. No other government agency or private company, however, is required to fund future costs in this backbreaking way. The Postal Service has since made $49 billion in such payments, and Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) has claimed that if the Postal Service were allowed to manage its own obligations, it "would be back in the black and posting profits."
Would that solve the problem?
No. A more conventional pension-funding system might eliminate current losses, but with mail volume dropping dramatically every year in a digital world, the Postal Service would still be on the road to insolvency. That's why, Donahoe says, the post office needs to cut costs across the board and alter its business model. Besides ending Saturday delivery, he wants to set up a new health-insurance system for employees, shut down 252 of the country's 487 mail-processing centers, slow delivery times, reduce business hours at 13,000 post offices, and eliminate 220,000 of 522,000 postal jobs.
Is cost-cutting the best option?
Not according to members of Congress from rural districts, union representatives, and lobbyists for magazine publishers, bulk mailers, and greeting card companies. They contend that the Postal Service needs volume to make money, and that curtailing service will only encourage mailers to take their business elsewhere and accelerate the USPS's decline. "Eliminating Saturday mail delivery is not a solution," said Sen. Jerry Moran (R-Kan.). "Smart reforms are needed to make sure the Postal Service can compete in a digital world, increase revenue, and not become a taxpayer liability." Among the steps the post office could take, he and other critics say, is capitalizing on the data and patents it holds. An internal report in 2011 found that the Postal Service was leaving $500 million a year on the table because it "does not manage its portfolio of patents to maximize commercial significance." The USPS also gets virtually no revenue for its valuable ZIP codes for the nation, which it sells to businesses for $60. Some advocate letting the nation's 32,000 post offices serve as branches of a massive postal savings bank, generating revenue and serving the needs of millions of "unbanked" Americans.
How do other countries manage?
They've diversified their postal services to engage in other, more lucrative activities, and in many cases refashioned them as private companies. Unlike the USPS, almost all foreign postal systems make most of their money from "non-mail services." State-owned Japan Post Holdings, for example, operates a bank and is the world's largest holder of personal savings. New Zealand Post, which was corporatized in 1987, turned $49 million in profit in the last half of 2012, thanks largely to its KiwiBank and a national courier service. But it barely broke even on conventional mail delivery, and last month petitioned the government to cut deliveries to three times a week.
What's likely to happen here?
It's possible that Congress may delay the end of Saturday delivery for another year or two. But the Postal Service's financial woes will grow worse, says Rick Geddes of the American Enterprise Institute, unless Congress frees it up "to become a more commercial entity." The postmaster general is virtually begging Congress for permission to create "a new business model,'' and in a new report, the Government Accountability Office said the need for action is urgent. "If Congress does not act soon,'' the GAO said, "USPS could be forced to take more drastic actions that could have disruptive, negative effects on its employees, customers, and the availability of postal services."
The modern world's cheapest mail
The USPS may be losing money, but it's still a great deal for its users. Congress mandates that the Postal Service deliver mail for the same price to any address in the country, from downtown Manhattan to remote villages in Alaska. Because Congress limits any postage increase to the inflation rate, a first-class stamp costs only 46 cents—far less than the cost of mailing a letter in any European country, including tiny Malta. And the U.S. Postal Service did better than any other in a recent international test to see how many letters sent to false addresses were correctly returned to sender. "Wonder why the lines at the post office are so long?" said Richard R. John, author of a history of the post office. "It's because it still provides a service at a cost no rival can match."


This entry was posted on October 10, 2018 at 1:44 pm and is filed under Inequality, International, Politics.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
I actually think that, on some level, Democrats do care about the material interests of workers. They just care even more about protecting the legitimacy of their own class (perhaps even more than protecting its material interests, which they perceive to be under less of a direct threat) and they cannot understand why the working class does not share this concern, let alone share the moral code that elite Democrats use to articulate their legitmacy.
If there's one thing I've learned in life, it's that right-wing efforts to hold publicly-funded organizations "accountable" do NOT result in fewer jobs for educated people. They might result in slightly fewer jobs for people with an MA in Communications and slightly more jobs for people with an MBA, but even that phenomenon is less common than you might think. By and large, what happens is that they change the nature of the work (and sometimes the retirement benefits package) but not the amount of work. Assessment reports don't write themselves! There's a compromise between the plutocrats (often self-made men whose outlooks still bear the marks of their small business days) and the academics and bureaucrats, and that compromise is corporate: Still large and unwieldy and report-driven (just as the academics and bureaucrats like it) but with the original task of the organization replaced with bullet points, lists of Strategic Objectives, Outcomes Assessment, Metrics, etc. It satisfies the plutocrats' desire to see the academics and bureaucrats suffer (they don't get to do what they originally wanted to do), but it doesn't mean fewer jobs for people with upper-middle-class socialization, strong written communication skills, and a proclivity for dense jargon.
When I read Thomas PIketty's Capital in the 21st Century, I saw that income inequality in the USA, the UK and France followed the same trend—a rise in the early 20th century, then a fall during the 30 years following World War II, and then a rise again.
I realized that if the same thing was going on in different countries at the same time, there must be a common cause broader than the specific decisions made by Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, etc.
The current chart and essay tell me that the changes described by Thomas Frank in Listen, Liberal, are not unique to the USA and the Democratic Party, but must have some meta cause that is common to the USA, the UK and France.
Now a left party (and, for that matter, a principled conservative party) needs its intellectuals. It is a good thing, not a bad thing, for a party to attract the support of well-educated professional people. The bad thing is when a left party is losing the support of the less-well educated majority, whose interests it supposedly represents.
My guess is that the left parties (so-called) started to get relatively more support among the highly-educated class than among the less-educated 90 percent majority when leaders and intellectuals of those parties started to embrace economic globalization and neoliberalism.
But there could be other reasons—questions of status and respect, for example, as you say.


Kobe was opened to the world as an international port in 1868, following the lifting of Japan's nearly 230-year-long policy of seclusion. Though the city's population at that time was a mere 20,000, and by 1899, a municipal government was established, the population grew to over 135,000.
Today, with a population of approximately 1,540,000 and an area of 552.8 square kilometers, Kobe is Japan's sixth largest city. Compared with other urban giants like Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, Kobe is still growing into its status as a metropolis. Kobe has displayed the most rapid growth of all major cities since Japan initiated its period of modernization known as the Meiji Restoration.
Kobe actually became the nation's capital for a brief period of about six months, in 1180, when the seat of power was moved from Kyoto. This came to pass because Kobe was a natural harbor, and the government had been focusing on promoting trade with China. The capital was moved back to Kyoto due to objections made by aristocrats and others that Kobe was too far from Kyoto, where those in power had traditionally lived.
Industrial development in Kobe began with industries closely linked to the city's port, such as shipping, port operations, shipbuilding, and steel. These industries led to the development of related industries, such as railway rolling stock, machinery and manufacturing plants, electrical equipment, the rubber industry, and sake (Japanese rice wine) brewing. Moreover, as one of the country's foremost strategic points for sea and land traffic, Kobe has contributed greatly to Japan's economic development.
By the same token, it was also Kobe's port that allowed it to become the first city in Japan to assimilate Western culture. This manifested itself in the form of culture and lifestyle related industries, such as Western baked goods, clothing, pearls, and women's footwear. These industries developed under the influence of residents and visitors from overseas. Already famous across the land for its women's fashion, the city of Kobe also led the way as the first city to recognize the aforementioned culture and lifestyle related industries as inclusive to the fashion industry. The Kobe Fashion Organization was established to promote various activities related to these industries. Moreover, in addition to port-related heavy industries, fashion was focused on as the driving industry of the next stage in Kobe's economic development. The chairman of the Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry was the main advocate for Kobe's formal declaration of "fashionable urbanization" in 1973.
Surrounded by the splendor of the ocean and the mountains, Kobe is not only a city of scenic beauty, but also offers eminently easy access to both modern conveniences and luxuriant natural surroundings where one can enjoy swimming in the ocean, hiking in the mountains, downtown shopping, and fine dining - all in the same day and all within about 15 minutes by car.
Complemented by a mild climate, Kobe is one of Japan's most coveted places to live. This is why a number of North American and European companies that place an emphasis on living environments have set up their Japanese headquarters in Kobe. Kobe's large population of overseas residents makes it a city representative of the cosmopolitan face of Japan. Christian churches, Jewish synagogues, and Muslim mosques are all found in Kobe, as well as two highly regarded international schools.
On January 17, 1995, disaster struck Kobe when an earthquake took the lives of 6,434 people. The earthquake also badly damaged the majority of the city's businesses in sectors spanning from manufacturing to the trade and service industries. Although the cost of the damage directly sustained to corporate and industrial stock alone is estimated to be about 6,800 billion yen, this amount can be said to be even larger if the cost of indirectly sustained damage, such as interruption of operations at commercial facilities such as factories and offices, is included.
However, thanks to the heart-felt support received from across Japan and around the world, essential utilities such as gas, water, and electricity, and crucial elements of infrastructure, such road, port, railway, and residential facilities, were completely restored within two years of the disaster. Looking at the city of Kobe today, it is now difficult to find a trace of the terrible destruction wreaked by the earthquake.
On the other hand, the effects of the earthquake and of Japan's ongoing economic slump have rapidly intensified Kobe's preexisting systemic problems, such as the outflow of manufacturing plants to other outlying areas and the downslide of inner-city industry. The economic recovery has come to a temporary standstill, with only 80% of pre-disaster levels having been reached. Since restoration of earthquake-ravaged infrastructure alone is thus unlikely to bring about real economic recovery, the local government and the citizenry are presently working together to promote numerous measures, create new businesses, and make Kobe's industrial base stronger and better than before.
Among those measures is the development of the Kobe Airport, as well as plans to make robotics technology and the medical and pharmaceutical industry into Kobe's economic base. The Kobe Chamber of Commerce and Industry is also promoting these activities together with officials from Kobe municipal government offices. Moreover, in addition to companies native to Japan, special efforts are also being made to entice foreign-capital-affiliated companies with sights set on the Japanese and Asian markets.


Kantara Castle In Northern Cyprus.The Origins Of The Castle Go Back To The 10th Century.
Path To The Top Of Mountain From Kantara Castle In Northern Cyprus.The Origins Of The Castle Go Back To The 10th Century.
Line Of Historical Cannons On Grass.


Beverage Digest introduces its first awards to celebrate excellence across the North American beverage industry. These awards are a great way for you to enhance the promotion of your brand and ensure your products are recognized on an international scale. Beverage Digest will announce the winners during an awards ceremony at this year's Future Smarts conference on 7 December in New York. ENTRY HAS NOW CLOSED.
ENTRY IS NOW CLOSED The Global Bottled Water Awards are designed to celebrate excellence and innovation across every category of the packaged water industry.
As a taster to the 2018 Global Bottled Water Congress, Zenith will be hosting a FREE WEBINAR to share our latest bottled water market insights, trends and innovations. The webinar will also include a preview of the Congress to be held at Evian on 22-24 October 2018.
As a taster to the Water Stewardship Workshop during the 2018 Global Bottled Water Congress, Zenith will be hosting a FREE WEBINAR to share how good stewardship can add value and reduce risk. The webinar will also include a preview of the Congress to be held at Evian on 22-24 October 2018.
Market Smarts is a high level, influential conference for the US industry and will once again bring together top executives from the manufacturing, marketing and financial world to discuss the most pressing issues facing the sector.
Find out more about Beverage Digest.


text:
Q: Green's theorem and conversion to polar coordinates While subject to the force:
$$F(x,y) = y^3i + (x^3 + 3xy^2)j$$
a particle travels counterclockwise once around circle of radius 3. Find work done using Green's theorem.
So $P = y^3$, $Q=x^3+3xy^2$, and $dP/dy =3y^2$ and $dQ/dx = 3x^2 + 3y^2$
So where do I go from here? Why do I have to convert to polar coordinates from here? How do I do this?

A: By Green's theorem
$$\int_{C}\vec F\cdot \,d\vec r=\int\int_{A}\bigg(\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}\biggr)\,dA$$
where $A$ is the area that the circle of radius $3$ encloses. I.e. $A=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{R^2}\,:\, x^2+y^2\leq 9\}$. Substituting $\frac{\partial Q}{\partial x},\frac{\partial P}{\partial y}$ the second integrals equals to
$$\iint_{\{(x,y):\,x^2+y^2\leq 9\}}3 x^2\,dx\,dy $$
Now the easiest way to solve this is to use polar coordinates. Set $x=r\cos \theta$ and $y=r\sin \theta$. In polar coordinates the integral becomes
\begin{align}
\int_{0}^{2\pi}\int_{0}^{3}3\cdot r^3\cdot \cos ^2\theta\,dr\,d\theta&=\frac{81}{4}\cdot \int_{0}^{2\pi}\cos^2\theta\,d\theta\\
&=\frac{81}{4}\int_{0}^{2\pi}\frac{\cos 2\theta+1}{2}\,d\theta\\
&=\frac{81\pi}{4}+\int_{0}^{2\pi}\frac{\cos 2\theta}{2}\,d\theta\\
&=\frac{81\pi}{4}+\frac{\sin 2\theta}{4}\biggl|_{0}^{2\pi}\\
&=\frac{81\pi}{4}
\end{align}
where in the second equality we used the inequality $\cos 2\theta = 2\cos^2\theta-1$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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EMPRESS OF Event Time & Tickets
EMPRESS OF in Phoenix
Valley Bar
130 North Central Avenue
Lorely Rodriguez, the singular mind behind Empress Of, is a 23-year-old songwriter and producer living Brooklyn, NY. In the early part of 2012, she began a personal songwriting exercise, writing and recording a daily series of one-minute ideas. Completing each of these snippets in several hours apiece, she eventually amassed a catalog of about fifty. Selections from this series were eventually uploaded to YouTube anonymously, each paired with a blank color swatch. The fruits of this project, deemed a series of "colorminutes", were released on cassette via the Japanese record label, Big Love, and effectively served as the launch of Empress Of.A debut seven-inch single featuring two more fully-formed recordings, "Don't Tell Me", the hyper-emotional and affecting ballad, and "Champagne", a far more frantic but no less beautiful song, was released later that year by No Recordings. The following spring, she continued forward with an EP released via Terrible Records. The four-song EP features two songs in English, and two in Lorely's native tongue, Spanish. An immediately apparently common thread with the songs on this EP is the skillful straddling of highly complex and almost bizarre choices Lorely makes with her songwriting, arrangement, and melodies, while retaining an undeniable penchant for pure pop sensibilities and accessibility. This makes for a thrilling and distinctive end product; an amalgamation of fragmented influences spanning the traditional Honduran music she grew up with and some of her more modern inspirations: Liz Fraser, Antennae, and Broadcast.In the latter half of 2013, following domestic and international touring stints, her most ambitious recording to date, "Realize You" was self-released online to critical acclaim. Illustrating great progress in production and an even more broad swath of songwriting chops, incorporating witty lyricism and soaring melodies, this is just a hint of what remains in store for the future. Throughout 2014, Lorely has been hard at work on her debut album, which will be released in early 2015 by XL Recordings and Terrible Records.
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