In the run-up to Independence, the Barotse wished their country NOT to be included in Zambia. They wished to retain their Protectorate status.
A delegation flew by Comet to London for talks with the Commonwealth Office. The delegation comprised the Paramount Chief (Litunga, Sir Mwanawina Lewenika III), the Prime Minister (Ngambela), the Heir Apparent (Mwana Mulena Sii-Sii) and the Privy Council (about a dozen senior Indunas), and the delegation was accompanied by Her Majesty's Resident Commissioner for Barotseland, Gervas Clay.
We left Mongu by Dakota on the 4th April for Lusaka, and the Paramount Chief, Ngambela, Mwana Mulena Sii-Sii and myself stayed at Government House while the rest of the party stayed at Longacres.
For the last night the Paramount Chief, the Ngambela and Mwana Mulena Sii-Sii went to Highlands House. Time was spent in arranging for Travellers' Cheques etc., and there were no official talks or discussions. When I asked the Paramount Chief how much money he had in cash as he would only be permitted to take £10 out of the Federation in cash, he said that he had got more than this sum. I then asked him directly how much more he had got, he confessed that he did not know exactly, but thought it was about £1,000. At a later stage the Private Secretary might have been seen, I understand, crawling about the Paramount Chief's bedroom sorting vast quantities of very dirty 10/- notes which were spread all over the floor. Eventually the money was banked to the tune of £1,030 and Travellers' Cheques for £500 were made out in the names of the Paramount Chief and Sii-Sii. The Paramount Chief obviously did not like having half his money in the name of his son, but this was the only way to make it available in England owing to the finance control restrictions.
We left Lusaka on Friday evening and found that Kaunda was to be on the same plane to Salisbury as he was proceeding to America. There was a considerable party of Africans to see him off and they were singing songs etc. Once we were in the plane the Paramount Chief asked me to sit beside him as, by custom, none of his people could sit along side him, and it was therefore my fate, throughout the air travel to and fro, to sit on the inside while the Paramount Chief looked out of the window. As soon as we had sat down in the aeroplane Kaunda arrived and asked the Ngambela, who was sitting on the opposite side of the gangway, if he might speak to the Paramount Chief. He then went down on his knees in the plane and clapped his hands to the Paramount Chief while I sat between the two protagonists.
On arrival at Salisbury we were met by Owen, the Minister for Home Affairs in the Federal Government; Kenny, a Northern Rhodesian Labour Officer: and Commander Michell, Controller of the Governor General's Household, and we were taken to a private V.I.P. lounge where drinks and snacks were laid on for us. There were a considerable contingent of pressmen present but they appeared not to have got any change out of the Barotse.
We then entered the Comet and the Paramount Chief and myself sat in the front seats in the first class with the Ngambela and Sii-Sii in the left-hand front seats. The rest of the party were in the middle of the tourist accommodation and were all sitting together. The Paramount Chief, after a little nervousness when we first left Mongu, had been very much enjoying his flight, asking a continuous stream of questions and picking up landmarks on the ground.
We reached Nairobi at about 11 p.m. and were met by the Federal Government's Commissioner to East Africa, and a representative of the Chief Secretary (who was I believe a retired Provincial Commissioner). Again we were given V.I.P. treatment with refreshments laid on.
On arrival at Khartoum of course there was no one to meet us, and we went into the public lounge. One of the other passengers came up to me and explained that he was a journalist on the staff of the "Bulawayo Chronicle" going home to England on leave, not on duty. He said he had noticed that Kaunda was travelling with the Barotse delegation and asked me what the significance of this was. I told him that it had absolutely no significance whatever.
We left Khartoum about mid-night and an hour and a half later, when we were all either asleep or dozing, the lights in the plane were all switched on and the Captain of the aircraft announced that he had feathered one of the engines as there was some trouble with it, and was turning round and returning to Khartoum immediately. The "No Smoking" notice was then put up and kept up until we got to Khartoum. Having got back there we spent two hours waiting on the ground after which we were able to proceed.
We duly arrived safely at Rome and again had an hour's wait. Ten minutes before the plane was due to leave the Paramount Chief demanded to be taken down to the ground and departed for the lavatory. Just as he disappeared out of sight the call went out for all passengers to go to the aeroplane. Despite much shouting and running to and fro, nothing would induce the Paramount Chief to come up until he had done what he had gone down for. Meanwhile excited Italian officials ran to and fro demanding that I should lead my party on to the plane. However, the Malozi, with their traditional courtesy, resolutely refused to move until their Paramount Chief was ready to lead them back to the aeroplane. After some twenty minutes the Paramount Chief re-appeared, and moving with the utmost slowness and dignity proceeded down the ramp, egged on by Italian officials, and eventually boarded the plane to the great amusement of its crew and passengers.
We were by this time, of course, running four hours behind schedule. We had magnificent views of the snow-covered mountains of the Alps but then entered cloud and saw nothing of the French countryside, of the Channel, or of the English countryside after crossing the coast. We eventually came out of cloud at a very low level just before landing at London Airport and this, I think, frightened the whole party. It was a very cloudy, rather cold day when the plane touched down.
The Shaftesbury Hotel is in Monmouth Street, not far from Leicester Square. On arrival it was found that the party were in rooms on five floors of this hotel. The rooms were exceedingly small, and the Paramount Chief took one look at his and refused to enter it. Adams was able to sort this out and got him into a double room which he was prepared to accept, although even this was exceedingly small. We were also, by more juggling, able to get the Private Secretary, Kuongo, fairly close to the Paramount Chief's room. Arrangements had been made for us to go to the London Planetarium at 5.30 p.m., but this was cancelled by mutual consent as we were all tired and did not wish to turn out again that evening.
Next morning the whole party went to Matins at Westminster Abbey. It was comparatively easy to get taxis at short notice, but by law taxis can only carry four passengers. Although nearly all drivers were prepared to take five, every now and then one proved difficult and would only take four as a result of which we had to have a fourth taxi. On this occasion one taxi arrived at the Abbey door before we did, and when the paramount Chief got out the five members already there prepared to go down on their knees and clap their hands to him, but the Paramount Chief at once said they need not do this which set a useful precedent.
the Paramount Chief was most reluctant to go anywhere unless he had either Adams or myself with him. I should mention that when we went in taxis the Paramount Chief always insisted that I should sit next to him and that only Sii-Sii could sit on the other side of him, so that I invariably had to sit in the middle on all motor journeys.
In the afternoon we set off for Hampton Court where my Mother-in-law, Lady Baden-Powell, has a "grace and favour" apartment and had invited us all to tea. She had six other guests to entertain us and the party went extremely well. Kuonga, as a Scouter, was in his element shaking hands all round with the left hand.
That evening Induna Muyunbana came down for dinner in the dining room of the hotel in full Barotse costume wearing a sitziba, a coat with a scarf swathed across it, and the red beret worn by the Paramount Chief's paddlers. This caused something of a sensation in the hotel, and I am sure most of the diners thought he was the Paramount Chief.
On our return to the hotel Sii-Sii came to me and said that the Paramount Chief wished me to go and see him as he wanted a drink. I suggested that he should get his father a drink but he said no, his father wanted to see me. When I went up I found that the hotel was only licensed to have a bar downstairs and were not allowed by law to serve drinks in the bedrooms. I was able to get a porter to go out and get a bottle of Sherry and sent that up for the Paramount Chief, and this solved the problem for the rest of the visit, during which the Paramount Chief never had any meals at the hotel out of his own room, and never had a drink at the bar.
Adams came round in the morning and paid each member of the party his allowance for five nights at £7 a night, and I am sure several of them had never owned £35 in cash before in their lives. They very quickly found that they could get cheaper meals outside the hotel and were determined not to pay 12/6d for lunch and 14/6d for dinner. All of them, I think, paid their Bills in advance and then went off happily to spend the balance on warm clothes, coats, bowler hats and presents for their wives and children.
At 2.45 p.m. I went to the Colonial Office for talks with Watson, and Eldridge joined us there. Later Mr. Thomas, the Minister, arrived having come almost straight from the plane.
At 6.15 that night we went to the Victoria Palace to see "The Crazy Gang". What the Africans made of it I have no idea, but almost the first scene was a fireman in his tunic but no trousers, in a large double bed with an attractive girl. A series of telephone calls kept on coming in about fires, and eventually one to which he replied, that it was nothing to do with him, but a matter for the Police. At that moment a Policeman clambered out from under the bed also with no trousers on. I was thankful that I did not have to explain what this was all about: Most of them were also completely mystified by the activities of the beautifully trained Tiller Girls. Next morning I was told that the party was divided between those who thought they had seen some sort of puppet show and those who were confident that they had been looking at real people, however peculiar. They had obviously, all of them, immensely enjoyed the show however puzzling they had found it.
I have omitted to record that on Sunday Muyumbana had a headache and was obviously under the weather. He said to me, "If there were only an aeroplane going back to Barotseland I would go on it." When I said, "Oh, don't you like my country?" he replied, "No, there is far too much witchcraft here; when I go into a house it goes up in the air." (He was referring to the hotel lift). It was interesting to note that all members of the party invariably referred to their rooms as "my house." I also noticed that many of them were calling the waiter "Sir", and that they never said either "please" or "thank you" when being waited on.
I think it was on this day that when I came down at 7.30 a.m. for breakfast I found the whole party, with the exception of the Paramount Chief, sitting in the lounge. The Ngambela came over to me with a very worried face and said that a terrible thing had happened. He told me that a very important gentleman from a very important newspaper called "The Times" had asked for an interview. The Ngambela had said that they had a very tight programme and the reporter had replied that if the Ngambela fixed a time he would be there. The Ngambela and replied (on the telephone) that he would see him next morning between 6 and 7 a.m. and had then rung off. He explained to me that they had been waiting for this important gentleman to arrive and that he had never turned up and what were they to do. I told him that they could laugh and forget it, and that it was most unlikely that they would see him again. In fact he never turned up or got in touch with us again.
At 11.30 that morning I went to the Colonial Office for more "talks" before the official talks started.
At 2.30 that afternoon we went to Clarence House for tea with Her Majesty the Queen Mother. The party consisted of the Paramount Chief, the Ngambela, Sii-Sii and myself. I had previously received a message from Adams that the Queen Mother would be very glad if I went too, but only if the Paramount Chief and party did not wish to go alone. However, the Paramount Chief was always most anxious to have someone to go with him. When we arrived at the door we were greeted by Lord "X" and Lady "Y" and Martin Gilliat. Lady "Y", the lady-in-waiting, gave a delightful curtsy to the Paramount Chief. We were then taken into the drawing room where we were joined by the Queen Mother. She was her usual gracious self and remarked that she and her staff were still talking of their wonderful visit to Barotseland, and she asked us all individually to take messages from her back to Mongu. We then had tea. The Queen Mother sat in one corner of the room with the Paramount Chief; Sii-Sii sat in another with the lady-in-waiting; the Ngambela sat in a third with Martin Gilliat and I sat in the fourth with the other equerry. In due course Sii-Sii was taken up to the Queen Mother's table and then I was taken up too in his place. The Ngambela was not so taken up and I think cumulatively resented the fact that everywhere precedence was given to Sii-Sii which, by their custom, was entirely incorrect.
On leaving Clarence House we, all of us, signed the book.
At 11 a.m. the "Talks" started with the Secretary of State. At 12.20 a car arrived from Buckingham Palace with one of the Queen's Equerries to collect the Paramount Chief. To everyone's surprise the driver of it was a woman. The Paramount Chief had been told that he should go either in robes or in a morning coat. Be had, therefore, attended the "Talks" in a morning coat and went off to Buckingham Palace with the Equerry and no one else. He was duly "dubbed" by the Queen and had half an hour's private conversation with her with no one else in the room. He was then brought back to the hotel in the same car.
At 4 p.m. we went to the Houses of Parliament by arrangement made the night before and one of the M.P.s (F. Bennett) received us there. The intention was that the Paramount Chief, Ngambela and two Indunas should have tea and talks with about fifteen Conservative members of Parliament. I had suggested to the Paramount Chief that he should pick two of his most intelligent indunas, such as Kalonga, Katema, Leashimba or Mukande, and that this might be a suitable opportunity to leave Sii-Sii behind as he was in on so many of the important social occasions. However, disregarding my advice Sii-Sii was duly brought along together with the Leashimba. After tea Mr. Bennett made an amusing little address, saying how grateful they were to the Paramount Chief for coming along and how anxious they were to appreciate and support his position. I looked at the Ngambela to reply, and he stood up and said, "As there is no interpreter here the Resident Commissioner will reply for us." This was done.
We were then taken up to the Strangers' Gallery and listened to a debate for some time. Fortunately the debate was one which was of general interest as it concerned the question of whether men between the ages of 18 and 21 should be hanged for murder. One of the Labour members made a very long speech and eventually I felt it was time to go because of the difficulty we might have in getting a taxi during the rush hour. As we reached the central lobby the division bells rung and members started running in all directions. The Paramount Chief was hardly restrained from running back to see what had happened.
That evening we went to dinner at the Savoy Hotel - a farewell party given by the Rhodesia and Nyasaland Club to the retiring High Commissioner Sir Gilbert Rennie. There must have been between 200 and 300 people present. I have omitted to record that Rhodesia House had rung up Northern Rhodesia House and asked that Godwin Lewanika should be booked in at our hotel. This was much resented by the Ngambela, who repeated many times that he was not an official member of the party and could not take part in the "Talks".
On the present occasion, as a Federal Member of Parliament, he of course was included in the party. The Paramount Chief and Sii-Sii sat at the top table. Sir Gilbert made a first-rate speech and told some very amusing stories. Immediately we rose from dinner I was informed that the Paramount Chief wished to go home. As there were many people there who wished to see him and whom I wished to see I did not take him home for some time.
at 11.30 where we were received by Dr. Bennet, who was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State. Two other Members of Parliament, including Sir Lionel Heald, had promised to come and take all the members around the Houses of Parliament. Dr. Bennet took five of the party, including the Paramount Chief and the Ngambela, and I waited with the other nine in the main lobby for twenty minutes before the other Member of Parliament arrived. Sir Lionel Heald never arrived. We were then taken around the House of Lords and House of Commons and had everything explained to us. We were told that the House of Commons had been completely destroyed by a bomb during the war and re-built and that most of the fittings had been given by dominions and colonies. One of the Lozi members immediately asked if anything had been given by Northern Rhodesia and this, our guide was unable to answer. However, I had been taken round in the past and was able to point cut that the two copper brackets on which the Mace rests were presented by Northern Rhodesia.
We were taken out on the balcony where our photographs were taken.
At 12.30 in the afternoon, the whole delegation went to the Colonial Office where Mr. Thomas, the minister, had promised to give them certain explanations. When I tried to hurry Mulonda into the waiting taxi he said why had they got to go and that it was most inconvenient, to which I replied that the matter had been cleared with the Paramount Chief and I was not prepared to discuss its convenience with Mulonda.
Shortly after 4 p.m. "Talks" with the Colonial Secretary continued.
After returning to the hotel and having dinner, we went to the finals of the London Amateur Boxing Association Championships at the Royal Albert Hall. The Barotse thoroughly enjoyed the boxing for the first three quarters of an hour, after which they got bored and the Paramount Chief said he wished to retire. I told him he could not because his delegation was scattered all over the hall and he was very shortly laughing again at what he regarded as the antics of the boxers. However, I eventually took him away an hour before the end and the rest of the party joined us outside. One or two of the Lozi had enjoyed themselves, but the great majority did not like what they had seen and kept on asking what was the point of it. I understand that next morning Induna Katema gave an excellent exhibition of what he had seen to Adams. In the hotel the doors into the lounge were made of glass, and poor old Katema walked into them three times. The last time he raised a very large bump on his forehead and he announced that when he got back to Bulozi he would tell his friends that he had been hurt in the Boxing Championships.
There were "talks" at the Colonial Office in the morning and afternoon and at 1 p.m. Mr. Thomas, the Minister, went to lunch with the B.S.A. Company Directors together with the Paramount Chief and Ngambela. They were presented with beautiful copper ashtrays with the B.S.A. Co. crest in the middle of it. That evening at 5.30 we went to a Cocktail Party given by the Commissioner for Northern Rhodesia at which I found many old friends.
As the Colonial Office only work the five day week there were no talks on this day and the party had to move from the Shaftesbury Hotel to the Green Park Hotel, which is in Half Moon Street off Piccadilly. I took the Ngambela to record a broadcast at Bush House. We had to do this twice as in the first one the Ngambela spoke much too fast. After the strain of the talks of the previous day the Ngambela had a severe neuralgia headache and did not enjoy his morning.
Mr. and Mrs. Adams had taken the Paramount Chief out shopping. Earlier in the week the Paramount Chief had been to Holland and Holland where he had bought a shotgun, a rifle, some ammunition and many accessories to the tune of some £300. He had also been to Austin Read where he had ordered four suits to be made for himself.
It may have been on this day that there was nearly an unpleasant incident. For at, I think, Austin Read, the party were moving down from floor to floor and asking for the goods they had bought above to be brought down to them on the next floor. When they reached the ground floor one of the shop assistants arrived with some parcels from a higher floor and announced that he had brought these down for the "wogs". Immediately umbrage was taken, but the assistant hastily explained (whether with truth or not is not known) that the expression "wogs" was always used in the shop for those who were Waiting On the Ground Floor.
At 1.30 p.m. we started off in a hired car to visit Sir Charles and Lady Ponsonby near Woodstock outside Oxford. The party consisted of the Paramount Chief, Sii-Sii, Kalonga, Katema and the Leashimba. After a week in London we were too thankful to get out into the countryside and, in fact, many of the Africans had been taking a dim view of England on the grounds that it was just one town. It was a lovely English spring day and the countryside could not have looked more beautiful. Several of the party commented at intervals how beautiful it looked. We reached the Ponsonby's lovely early Georgian country house opposite the gates of Blenheim Palace at about 4 p.m., and the Barotse were immediately taken by Sir Charles to see his cattle and pigs. There were several guests for tea including Julian Evetts, who had been a District Officer at Mongu 25 years ago. After tea the Paramount Chief at once said that he wished to go home, but before doing so we were taken round the house which I think gave them much pleasure, and I am sure that this visit to an Englishman's home made a deep impression.
A char-a-banc was put at the disposal of the party and they went off with Messrs. Eldridge and Adams to Brighton and the Southern Counties.
They were particularly anxious to see the sea and several of them tasted it. For the party as a whole, there is no doubt that this day was the highlight of the whole visit. As it was my birthday I did not accompany them, but went off by myself to visit some of my friends and relations.
There were talks in the morning and the final short session in the afternoon at the Colonial Office.
Godwin Lewanika was also there. The head of the table was taken by Mr.Phillip Oppenheimer, a first cousin to Henry Oppenheimer, and head of the diamond side of the business. We had a particularly excellent lunch on the 9th floor and were able to look out over a large part of London from this viewpoint.
At 6 p.m. the High Commissioner gave a Cocktail Party for us at Rhodesia House and again we met many old friends. The Paramount Chief, Ngambela, Sii-Sii, Godwin and myself went in dinner jackets. We went straight on to the Dorchester Hotel to a dinner party given by the High Commissioner. There were twenty-five guests (all men) and the High Commissioner made a long speech welcoming the Paramount Chief and his party to which I replied on behalf of the Paramount Chief.
Once more the Paramount Chief wished to retire immediately after dinner, but I was able to keep him at the party for another three quarters of an hour or so.
A lot more shopping was done by everyone throughout the morning and afternoon, and we left for the airport at 5 p.m.
We had an uneventful journey back, being met at Nairobi as on the outward journey, and at Salisbury where there was a party of Barotse people to greet the Paramount Chief. An R.R.A.F. plane was waiting to take us to Mongu, but after refreshments and dealing with Immigration and Customs the Paramount Chief retired to change his clothes. I had thought that he had gone to put on a thin suit, having left London in a thick one. However, he reappeared in a morning coat with a soft hat and brown shoes. This was the only sartorial solecism committed during the visit, so far as I am aware. We reached Mongu at 1 p.m. and were greeted by an enormous crowd at the airport.
Induna Muyunbana had been coughing a good deal and was found to have bronchitis, but the rest of the party were in good order. During the whole visit the Paramount Chief had been in remarkably good form, and the respect and honour with which he was treated set him up in his own estimation. Induna Muyumbana was obviously quite out of his depth, suffered from a headache most of the time and cannot have enjoyed his visit. He was quite obviously too old for this expedition. The only other member who was at all unwell was Induna Mukwakwa, who spent one day in bed with fever, but then made a good recovery. I think he also found the visit rather a strain at his age. Induna Katema, relieved of the responsibility of interpreting, looked younger every day.
During the talks, to my mind, the outstanding speaker was Suu, and I think he made a very good impression on both sides. Sii-Sii was a thorough nuisance, doing little to help those who were new to England, and being perpetually late. Late on in the visit he did not turn up with the rest of the party and I deliberately left him behind. He duly arrived at the destination and had the impertinence to ask me to pay his taxi fare which I refused to do, pointing out that it was a social occasion and that if he had been present he would only have had to pay 1/-, but as he had to have a taxi by himself it had cost him 4/6d.
During the whole visit the Barotse behaved with the utmost dignity and decorum, and there was only one occasion when a small protest was made by the Manager of the Shaftesbury hotel. Induna Muyumbana left the shower on and this was only discovered when water started dripping through the ceiling. This had been pointed out to him by the staff, but the next night he did it again. The Barotse said that the shower was out of order.
I am very glad to have the opportunity of addressing this Conference because it gives me the chance of meeting you and to put before you some of my thoughts concerning this Protectorate.
When I was wondering the other night what I should talk to you about I found in a book the words that the late Chief Yeta said in 1916 on the occasion of his succession. These words will have been well known to your fathers and your predecessors as school teachers, and I want to remind you of them again today. Chief Yeta said - "Schools are a blessing to the country - send all your children to them. Education and the preaching of the Gospel - therein lies the salvation of the country. Our strength and are salvation are in God." I think that the people in Barotseland must have listened well to those wise words. I myself can look back on what Barotseland was like 25 years ago when I first came up here at the end of 1933. At that time it took 17 days to come up the river from Livingstone by barge and after a rest in Mongu I had to walk for 5 days to reach Mankoya. Today, as you all know aeroplanes constantly fly in from Livingstone or Lusaka in a few hours and it is now possible to travel from Lusaka to Mongu by road during much of the year. I am particularly interested in this road because it was during my time at Mankoya that all of it was made and I am hoping that within the next two years it will be a hard, fast, gravel road and that as a result we shall have many more visitors and much more trade with the line of rail. In 1934-1935 when you will remember some of the copper mines had to close down and there was very little work or money in the country, the people in the Mankoya district were wearing bark cloth for clothes and using bark cloth for blankets. I doubt if the people today would be able to make blankets outof bark cloth. At that time, in the early 30s, there were even then many highly; educated and intelligent Malozi who had been educated in the mission schools and the Barotse National School. That is still the case today and in the six years I spent in the Southern Province in Livingstone not only did I find that most of my best Boma Clerks were Malozi but wherever I went I found Malozi as Medical Orderlies, as Drivers, in the Agricultural, Veterinary and Game Departments, holding responsible positions. This is due to the hard work of you people and your predecessors. The future prosperity of this country is going to depend more than anything else on the wisdom, civilization and intelligence of the people in it, and that in turn depends on the way you teachers teach the younger generation in your schools. You have still got quite a long way to go, but I wonder if all of you appreciate how much progress the African in Northern Rhodesia has made? When I first came to Northern Rhodesia all the lorries in the territory were invariably driven by Europeans, now it is comparatively rare ever to see a European driving a lorry. That is just one small sign of the progress that has been made.
Recently a survey has been done of the African Mineworker working on the Copperbelt, and it has been found that fewer Africans leave their work than Europeans and that the turn-over of African labour is one of the lowest anywhere in the world for heavy industry. The average length of service of an African at the mine is 7 years and 600 men have received awards for completing 20 years' service at either Luanshya or Mufulira. The average African doing a skilled job on these mines receives more than £40 a month which compares with the average skilled worker in Britain, who receives £56 a month. You will be interested to learn that there are more than three million men in Britain who earn less than the average advanced African mineworker - £480 a year. The survey has also found out that 4 out of 5 mineworkers say they intend to retire to their villages and that 9 out of 10 show concern about the proper education of their children and most are willing to pay cash to help their education. One out of every four has a car or a motor cycle, and the average advanced African has five complete outfits of clothing. Two-thirds of them go to Church. The survey contrasts the physically poor specimens of thirty years ago with their bark loin -cloths, who earned 15/- for thirty shifts, with the physically fit African Mineworker of today who earns at least £10.12.6. for thirty shifts.
Now this progress over the last thirty years is due to three things. First of all we have been lucky in Northern Rhodesia to have these immense deposits of copper which have brought great wealth into the country. Secondly, if you will allow me to say so you have had the devoted service of the Europeans to help you to make this progress, and thirdly you have had the devoted service of the teachers in Northern Rhodesia, who have sent out from their schools an ever increasingly more highly educated product who is able to take advantage of the conditions of the day and earns ever increasingly higher wages. I expect a few of you will feel jealous of the large amount of money being earned by skilled African mine-workers and I understand that the value of the benefits received by some of them totals more than £70 a month, but you will remember that teachers, like Civil Servants, never expect to make large fortunes but have the great privilege of working for the benefit of mankind and of receiving an adequate wage and a pension at the end of their service - and of course you all know that your salaries have increased over the years and that there is every likelihood that they will go on increasing in the future.
Now I want to say a special word or two about conditions in Barotseland. You have always had the great benefit in Barotseland, ever since Europeans first came to it, of wise Paramount Chiefs and of wise Councillors. The wisdom of your Paramount Chief Lewanika has become proverbial, and I myself who have worked with your Paramount Chiefs Yeta, Imwiko and Sir Mwanawina can testify to their wisdom and to the way in which they have always considered the welfare of their people. We are living in difficult times and you hear many exaggerations and lies told. Some of these concern the early Treaties that were made between your Government and that of the Queen of England through the British South Africa Company. While it is true that there were Europeans asking for prospecting rights in Barotseland, it is also true, and you must remember it, that it was your Paramount Chief Lewanika and his Council who first asked for a Treaty with the Queen's Government in England. This Treaty was asked for because the people in Barotseland were suffering from a constant series of internal wars. They had constantly to be on their guard against raids by the very strong Matabele tribe in the south, and they were becoming more and more perturbed by the encroachment of the Portuguese in the north and west, I believe myself that if any of you read all the papers concerning the Treaties and the Records of the Treaties, many of which are published in books, you would find that those Treaties had been scrupulously kept by the British South Africa Company and by the British Government and that you had benefitted enormously by them. These Concessions were in some degree contracts and both sides gained something by giving something else. The British South Africa Company gained mineral right and the disposal of certain lands to European farmers outside the present boundaries of Barotseland.. On the other hand, Barotseland gained the protection of the Crown and there have been no internal troubles in Barotseland in the last sixty years, nor have there been any further troubles with the Matabele nor, since the King of Italy's award, over-encroachment by the Portuguese.
It is difficult perhaps for you people here today to realise what immense benefit that has been to your country, but you will, I know, appreciate that within the bounds of the present Barotseland Protectorate there is no land which has been alienated to Europeans and you have repeatedly and very recently had your Treaty Rights confirmed by the Secretary of State. In these political times everyone is always anxious about the future, every where in the world, but I think you have less cause for anxiety than most people, and so long as you continue to have a wise Paramount Chief and wise Councillors I am certain that you can look forward to the future with the greatest confidence. It is very essential that you yourselves should know more than I think you do know about the Concessions and Treaties, and that the children in the upper classes of your schools should know about them too. It is also essential that all the children in Barotseland should be brought up to pay the old-fashioned Barotse respect to their elders and betters but particularly to the Barotse Native Government. They must appreciate that that Government is working extremely hard all the time with many and increasingly difficult problems and that they need and deserve the fullest possible support of all the peoples in this Protectorate.
Lastly, I want you to understand the position of the European Civil Servant in Barotseland. I myself as Resident Commissioner regard myself as the adviser to the Paramount Chief and his Government, and you will, no doubt, know that I visit the Paramount Chief at either Limulunga or at Lealui at least once a week for discussions. The Technical Officers in the Protectorate are here solely to do everything they can to help the people and they do this by working with the Kuta Induna. who is responsible for their particular subject. That is, the Provincial Agricultural Officer works hand in hand with the Protectorate Agricultural Induna, and so on with all departments. The sole aim and object of the Technical Advisers in the Protectorate is to bring you the best technical advice on the subject. We all of us know that if we try ourselves to put across to the ordinary villager the best way of managing his crops or his cattle the villager will take very little notice unless that advice is supported by the Paramount Chief and his Government. In the same way the Kuta Induna is able to put across the views of the Barotse Government to the people but he has not got the technical knowledge to be able to give the best advice.
We can only therefore get progress if we all work together, that is if the Protectorate Induna and the Provincial Officer work constantly together with the same object in view and with complete confidence in each other. I am glad to say that relations between the Barotse Native Government and the European Technical Officers are most cordial, and I hope that this may long continue. Please see that your pupils understand this position and are brought up with the determination to acquire higher scales of civilisation and to be proud of the Protectorate in which they live and determined to do all that they can for its future happiness and prosperity.
Finally, I would remind you again of the late Paramount Chief Yeta's words:- " Education and the preaching of the Gospel - therein lies the salvation of the country."


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Next stimulus package: HEALS Act benefits go beyond another payment – CNET
آگوست 1, 2020, In: سفید Comments: 0
Proposals under consideration in Washington could provide financial support during the pandemic.
For many, a new stimulus payment of up to $1,200 is the star of the next economic rescue package currently under debate in Washington. But there are far more provisions in the bill, besides another check, that will directly and indirectly affect millions of Americans.
Lawmakers haven't appeared to come any closer in reaching an agreement, with the state of enhanced unemployment assistance as a main sticking point. The Senate's HEALS Act proposes to cut the $600 weekly benefit to $200 per week at first, and later adjust it to a percentage based on your previous salary. The Democrats consider that figure dangerously low to keep Americans going through the continued recession.
Here are the major benefits that could be part of a final bill, and how likely they are to pass given the current circumstances. This story updates frequently.
Second stimulus check: Designed to spur spending
What it is: A payment sent to qualifying individuals and families, based on annual income, age, number of dependents and other factors. The first stimulus checks authorized under the CARES Act have gone out to over 160 million Americans — either as a check, a prepaid credit card or direct deposit. But not without a hitch and after three months some are still waiting for their stimulus payment.
How it could help you: The payment is not taxable and you can use it however you want to pay for food, housing, clothing and so on. The idea is that spending the checks will help the economy recover faster.
Why we think a second check will pass: The CARES act authorized payments of up to $1,200 per eligible adult and so does the HEALS Act. The House of Representatives' HEROES Act, meanwhile, called for $1,200 stimulus checks, but for more people. The White House also supports another round of checks, which makes this a likely part of the final bill.
The HEALS Act proposes to give eligible Americans the same size stimulus check as was issued in March.
More unemployment benefits for Americans out of work
What it is: An additional weekly check for people who applied for unemployment for the first time or were already collecting unemployment. The program initially granted by the CARES Act provided an extra $600 per week and expired on Saturday, but lawmakers are looking into another unemployment boost now.
How it could help you: An extra weekly payment on top of the ordinary unemployment benefit gives individuals and families a leg up and cutting it off or reducing it could be devastating for both unemployed workers and the economy.
Why we think it could happen: Republicans support the extension, though at a reduced rate, saying $600 a week is too generous. "We have learned what we knew at the time," Sen. Chuck Grassley said Monday, "That when you pay people more not to work than they would get working, what do you expect? People will not work. And what this country needs is more workers."
Democrats support an extension at the current $600 rate and balk at the Senate proposal, which would extend benefits based on 70% to 75% of lost wages, starting at $200 a week and over time increasing to $500 a week, with state assistance. With no agreement on a larger second package close and benefits expiring, the two sides may decide on a short-term extenion of the benefits while they hammer out the details of the bill.
Payroll Protection Program to help businesses keep people employed
What it is: Intended to help you retain your job, the Paycheck Protection Program provides forgivable loans to small businesses as an incentive to keep employees on the payroll.
How it could help you: The program is designed to fund workers employed who would otherwise have lost their jobs during the pandemic. The program got off to a rocky start and it's not clear the PPP met the goals Congress set for it.
"Overall PPP hasn't preserved many paychecks," wrote Joshua Gotbaum, a guest scholar of economic studies at the Brookings Institution. "A careful study found that PPP-eligible small businesses laid people off just as quickly as other businesses," he said.
Why we think it could get extended: The Republican proposal will target the hardest-hit small businesses, Sen. Susan Collins of Maine said during the rollout of the bill, including those with revenue losses of 50% or more over last year.
A tax credit would help with your pay.
Employee retention tax credit would help pay workers
What it is: Under the program, an employer can receive refundable tax credits for wages paid to an employee during the pandemic. The employer can then use the credits to subtract from — and even receive a refund over — taxes they owe.
How it could help you: Again, it's not a direct payment to you, but the program encourages businesses to keep workers on the payroll.
Why we think it could happen: Grassley said the HEALS Act includes further tax relief for business who for hire and rehire workers and the Democrat-backed HEROES Act also builds on the tax credits that were part of the initial CARES Act. And there's additional bipartisan support besides.
Now playing: Watch this: Stimulus Standoff on Capitol Hill
Return-to-work payment of up to $450 each week
What it is: A temporary weekly bonus for unemployed workers who secure a new job or are rehired, on top of their wages. As proposed by Sen. Rob Portman, a Republican from Ohio, the bonus would be $450 a week.
How it could help you: Under Portman's plan, the weekly bonus would go to laid-off workers who return to work.
Why we think it may not happen: The White House in May expressed interest in the bonus and Portman continues to support the idea, but it's not part of the proposal McConnell and the other Senate presented on Monday.
Rental assistance to help keep people in their homes
What it is: This plan would help renters pay rent and assist landlords with expenses with less rent money coming in, especially as the US faces a potential "tsunami of evictions."
How it could help you: The rental assistance program would temporarily help you pay rent if you qualify, put a hold on evictions for a year and help cover costs of rental property owners because of rental payment shortfalls. The current protections have lapsed.
Why we think it could happen: House Democrats included an eviction moratorium in its proposed HEROES Act. It wasn't part of the Senate proposal, but President Donald Trump this week said eviction protections would part of the package.
Payroll tax cuts may not make the cut in the next coronavirus relief bill, currently known as the CARES Act 2.
Payroll tax cut to give you more take-home pay
What it is: Trump has for months pushed the idea of including temporary payroll tax cuts in the next stimulus package. The proposal could include cutting both the employer and employee share of payroll taxes.
How it could help you: If you have a job, a payroll tax cut would let you keep more of your earnings each check. The plan would not help those who are unemployed and don't receive a paycheck. As of July 4, the nearly 32 million people who were claiming unemployment insurance would not benefit.
Why we don't think it'll happen: Neither the HEROES Act nor the current Senate plan includes a payroll tax cut. Even Trump seems to have given up on the plan.
Until we know for sure what the finalized stimulus bill will bring, there are some resources to help you through the financial crisis, including coronavirus hardship loans and unemployment insurance; what you can do if you've lost your job; what to know about evictions and late car payments; how to take control of your budget; and if you could receive two refund checks from the IRS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CIMA Operational Level - E1 - F1 - P1 - Case Study: How succesful have CIMA Operational students been in 2017?
How succesful have CIMA Operational students been in 2017?
One thing I know is that finding out how other students have handled exams is a great way to help you build your own tailored study plan. Statistics don't lie - if lots of other students struggle to pass an exam, the likelihood is you will also need to study extra hard for it.
As you can see, E1 has been the most passed paper, with 75% of exams resulting in a pass grade. That's a pretty impressive figure. The pass rate for F1 is also pretty high, at 68%.
P1, by contrast, received the lowest pass rate by quite some margin - just 45% of P1 exams from this year so far have resulted in a pass grade.
It's a shame to see that so many students are struggling with P1! What can YOU do to make sure you don't fail P1 like so many others?
Don't worry, I'll tell you - if you're finding this or any of the other operational OT subjects difficult, I you need to sign up for our Operational full courses. Packed with all the material you could possibly need to learn and revise the syllabus, our full courses guarantee you success.
Find out more about our Operational Full Courses here.
I also suggest anybody struggling with revision to make use of our Operational Disqus forum! Time and time again I speak to students who were only able to get their head around a concept AFTER speaking to one of our expert tutors. It really does make all the difference.
Find our Operational Disqus Forum here.
If you're wondering how the students have been faring with their Operational Case Studies, don't worry, we have a graph for that too!
As you can see, the pass rate in May was the highest - with 67% of students succeeding in this sitting. February came in second place, with just under half of all students achieving a 'pass' grade (44% to be exact), while the August sitting headed the worst results of the year so far, with just 34% of students passing!
It's disappointing to see this drop in student performance in August. There are a whole range of reasons why performance can fall, from a particularly difficult paper or tricky pre-seen, to general student motivation being low due to the time of year, to the number of re-takes being down in this particular sitting. Whatever the case, we're really hoping to see a more positive result in November.
So, what has your experience of the Operational exams been this year, and what do you think could have contributed to some of the poorer results? We'd love to hear about your experience - please contact us via our Disqus forums or on social media!
So, there you have it, CIMA students' Operational-level performance so far this year. I hope this has been informative and helpful! Head over to our website now to explore our full range of study material. Also, if you haven't already, don't forget to follow us on Twitter and like us on Facebook for more great study advice.


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'The Lone Ranger' Having Budget Problems Again, Planning Rewrites
by Ethan Anderton
Source: Heat Vision
Later in the summer of 2011, there were already budget problems plaguing Disney's adaptation of the classic hero The Lone Ranger, and the issues were so problematic that production was halted indefinitely. But towards the end of the year, some budget cuts were made and director Gore Verbinski and stars Johnny Depp and Armie Hammer were ready to go and a July 3rd, 2013 release date was set. Well, now more troubles have come along for the production as Heat Vision sadly reports the film is over budget again, surpassing even the original budget estimates that had to be cut, and rewrites are being ordered as well.
Word is that the cost of The Lone Ranger is back up to $250 million, but some sources say that it has actually surpassed that number. In addition, the production is said to be days, maybe even weeks, behind its original schedule. This means more scenes are being cut (and that comes after a big train action sequence was axed the first time around), and some rewrites have been ordered to help lasso the production back to being manageable again. How much can you cut and rewrite while in production before you don't even know what movie you're making anymore? This does not bode well for Disney, and I'm sure the set release date doesn't help since production has to rush to meet deadlines unless the release is pushed back again.
However, Verbinski has been known for blowing his budget out of control though, so this isn't much of a surprise. And apparently, the delays and such aren't entirely his fault. There's been some inclement weather, including wind and dust storms, that are wreaking havoc on the set in New Mexico. However, despite these problems, apparently many are still optimistic for the release with some saying that this could continue to reinvigorate the Western as Verbinski plays with the genre in the same way he made pirate movies exciting again. Plus, one source who spoke to THR says, "It's out of control, but if you were going to bet on anyone, it would be on Gore, Johnny and Jerry." I suppose that's a good attitude to have, but these kind of problems during production don't instill a lot of faith. Hopefully, they get back on track and make a good flick.
Find more posts: Development, Movie News
hopefully they'll recast the ranger...armie hammer sucks
Bcopes11 on Jun 13, 2012
It's horses & COLT 45's how much could it cost, that's if effing ridiculous...
Kamish on Jun 13, 2012
My thoughts exactly. Is everything made of gold?
mooreworthy on Jun 13, 2012
unless they sneek in an El Dorado actually made of gold...i agree with you two
Jericho on Jun 13, 2012
Rather than using existing trains, they built some old locomotives from scratch apparently, and those were expensive, I guess.
Ethan Anderton on Jun 13, 2012
what about the native american capt. jack sparrow?
popper on Jun 13, 2012
How about cutting Johnny Depp's probable massive pay check?
Chris Amaya on Jun 13, 2012
They already all took cuts in pay.
MORE PAY CUTS ALL AROUND!
Johnny is funding maority of the movie...that's why it wasn't canceled.....
This sounds promising...
Isildur_of_Numenor on Jun 13, 2012
This film is going to blow like Green Lantern and Prometheus.
Christopher Batty on Jun 13, 2012
I GUARANTEE you this is because of Django Unchained. Disney realized that Lone Ranger is a freaking western, and dumping almost $300M into it is beyond idiotic. I'm sure Tarantino's budget was nowhere near that, yet DU looks like a masterpiece. Pirates and mermaids is one thing, but at the end of the day--a western is a western. Don't believe me? Go look up Cowboys & Aliens and see how well that fared. lol
Big Boss on Jun 13, 2012
Wow this must be the new trend!
Jimmy Love on Jun 13, 2012
Why do Disney always bite off more than they can chew?
Anon on Jun 14, 2012
This movie looked like a Pirates of the Caribbean rip-off from the first pic, where you see Depp as the awfully-Jack Sparrow-resembling sidekick who will obviously steal the show in another Disney movie. Helena Bonham Carter is listed in the credits for IMDB too. If that's not a red flag for this movie, I don't know what is. They probably lost funding after their payroll saw Depp getting a blowjob from Helena Bonham Carter on mothers day with their families in 'Dark Shadows'. I'm still panning for Tim Burton's name somewhere on this project.
Nicholas Olson on Jun 15, 2012


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Long Term Effects Cervical Fusion
The most common indications for long-segment cervical fusion included cervical stenosis (n = 65), myelopathy (n = 38), deformity (n = 14), and degenerative disc (n = 13) with several patients presenting with a combination of indications. This study investigates if 6-month outcome with a broad assessment after ACDF with a cervical intervertebral fusion cage can be a guide for the 3-years outcome. Nearly a decade after surgery, deep infections can still set in. Long-term results after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with allograft and plating:a 5- to 11-year radiologic and clinical follow-up study. Buy notion based on past price gains following Market-Maker forecasts like today's for each stock. Understanding Rehabilitation and Care Following Anterior Cervical Fusion. There is concern that long-term use of creatine at high doses could damage the liver, kidneys or heart. It is performed to remove the large, arthritic osteophytes (bone spurs) that are compressing the spinal cord and spinal nerves. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There have been no reports of long-term comparative studies of laminoplasty and ASF for cervical myelopathy due to disc herniation. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce or manage the discomfort that side effects cause. Cervical fusion has many benefits as it stabilizes the neck, protects the spinal cord and helps ensure proper neck function. The routine use of allografts and plating, though increasing in popularity, has not been well studied for long-term results and complications. Following post operative instructions can greatly minimize the long term effects or complications associated with spinal fusion. Your doctor may order post-operative radiographs (x-rays) to monitor the progress of this healing. , FRCSC Edmonton, AB. The mean follow-up time was 19 months (range 12–24) for short-term follow-up and 76 months (range 56–94 months) for long-term. Cohen-Gadol, Michael J. A single-level cervical fusion involves two adjacent vertebrae in the cervical spine being fused together. Furthermore, increased stress and ROM of the adjacent segment after long-term bone fusion may accelerate the degeneration of this segment. In fact, long term side effects may be more devastating and worse than the short term. So it's worth finding out what exactly causes them. investigate revision rates—and risk factors for revision—with a follow-up of 16 years. ACDF stands for, Anterior Cervical Decompression Fusion. When the impact from such events causes fractures and/or dislocation of the. While ACDF surgery is a relatively safe procedure that usually achieves long-term success, the recovery process can vary greatly from person to person. This article explores ways to put the spark back in your relationship, based on expert advice from psychologists and psychotherapists. I Overcame Cervical Cancer but Not Its Long-term Effects Thirty-four years after being diagnosed with cervical cancer, I'm still coping with the consequences of treatment. The previously mentioned study looked into the effects of massage therapy after a spinal fusion and decompression surgery. Buttermann, MD Study Design. Predictors of good long term outcomes included a low neck disability index score, low pain, being a nonsmoker, being of the male sex, hand strength, and neck ROM. While a single-level cervical fusion is rarely a concern in terms of neck mobility after surgery, a multilevel fusion is more complex and has more considerations, especially with each additional level of fusion. Anterior cervical disectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a highly effective and safe method for spinal cord and cervical root decompression. Biomaterials and prosthesis design are key to the long-term viability of any disk implant, and the risk of device fatigue may be more negligible in the cervical region due to lower stresses, loads, and mobility compared with the lumbar region. Introduction. A study on the long term effects of disc arthroplasty published in the June 2016 issue of Spine found that at 7 and 10 years out from the procedure, the devices were still working and the outcome of arthroplasty was comparable to those of conventional ACDF procedure for radiculopathy symptoms, in the same time frame. However, a fusion at a higher level could result in a noticeable reduction in range of motion. One article on PainScience. Fusion is the joining of two vertebrae with a bone graft held together with hardware such as plates, rods, hooks, pedicle screws, or cages. It is performed to remove the large, arthritic osteophyte(s) (bone spur) and a portion of the herniated disc(s) that are compressing the spinal nerves. A brief discussion of the natural history of symptomatic cervical spondylosis is necessary before discussing therapeutic intervention. French Society of Spine Surgery (SFCR). All methods have their pros, but when it comes to the most effective type of birth control, there's a clear winner: long-acting reversible contraceptives (or LARCs). Prospective cohort study with >10-year follow-up. The goal is to stop movement between the two bones and prevent back pain. The first patient, a 57-year-old male, had his original anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with interbody graft and screws with plating from C4-C6, five years prior to his new injury. McNamara Jr , DDS, PhD b , Tiziano Baccetti , DDS, PhD c , and Charles J. 2 days ago · Inappropriate or ineffective care of spinal cord pains can have devastating and long-term effects. with most of the cases being women. Cervical Cancer Vaccination Long Term Effects?? I had my cervical cancer vaccination around a year ago. This procedure has a very high clinical success rate for alleviating symptoms but is also associated with some negative long term side-effects including loss of cervical range of motion, increased degenerative changes at segments adjacent to the fusion level and an increased reliance on future need to solid bony fusion. Because non-surgical measures have shown benefit for a select population with cervical DDD and surgery is primarily effective for those who have failed conservative approaches, we do not expect. Access Center; 24/7 Access Made Easy The Access Center at Albany Med facilitates patient transfers from other health care facilities to Albany Medical Center Hospital. This limits the movement of these bones to help ease your pain. These data demonstrate the long-term sustained therapeutic effect of coflex interlaminar stabilisation ("ILS") for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, as compared against. anterior cervical fusion? Of course the problem of the adjacent disc degeneration is present on the long term being a drawback which. | PubFacts. The most common long-term effect of genital warts is regular outbreaks. I have since followed up with my neurosurgeon. Clarke, Aaron A. Results showed good clinical outcomes of anterior corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) during a short term follow-up; however, studies assessing long term results are relatively scarce. Side effects depend on the type of chemotherapy you have. After the surgeon removes the damaged disc, they fuse the bones together. Wright, MD, has obtained remarkable results for his patients while avoiding the dangerous prescription drugs that are so heavily promoted by pharmaceutical companies. with most of the cases being women. The onset of symptoms is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening events. Spinal adjustments were among many chiropractic techniques invented in the 19th century by Daniel David Palmer , the founder of Chiropractic. Download it: http://videohive. Herniated cervical disc Overview. Long-term outcome of laminectomy and instrumented fusion for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament Yu Chen , Yongfei Guo , Deyu Chen , Xinwei Wang , Xuhua Lu , and Wen Yuan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. I didn't question it - I was actively encouraged to go on it by my doctor and was quite happy to banish thoughts of safe sex to back of my mind (I was mostly in long-term relationships, so. Hi Everyone. Long-term results of all randomized controlled trials show that fusion is no better than non-operative care in improving pain and disability in chronic low back pain," an article in Spine J, 2016. To retrospectively study the long-term outcome of patients after anterior cervical discectomy without fusion (ACD) compared to results published on the long-term outcome after ACD with fusion (ACDF). Long-term effects of glibenclamide and nateglinide upon pancreatic islet function in normal and diabetic rats par Laghmich, Aouatif , Ladrière, Laurence , Malaisse Lagae, Francine , Malaisse, Willy. But the most popular benefit of cervical fusion is that it's a long-term solution for relieving pain and other symptoms. It can cause changes to sensation, movement and involuntary functions. This can depend, however, on whether you underwent a bone fusion. 41% had associated lumbar radiculopathy. An incision is made in the throat area to reach and remove the disc. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in NJ is a time tested procedure with a very high success rate. Several risk factors have been suggested to be involved in the occurrence and progression of adjacent segment degeneration and disease (ASD). Policy The determination of medical necessity for the use of cervical spinal fusion (arthrodesis). Not super long term here, but I'm 27(f) and 14 years post fusion. Additional radiographic degeneration at adjacent. Patient characteristics. The International Journal of Spine Surgery has published five-year long-term, level 1 data on the effects of Paradigm Spine's coflex, as compared to fusion surgery. Methods This study was a continuation of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, US FDA IDE clinical trial comparing cervical TDR with the Mobi-C© Cervical Disc versus ACDF through. Based on long-term follow-ups, this study was designed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for postoperative adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and. Doctors give unbiased, helpful information on indications, contra-indications, benefits, and complications: Dr. Artificial Cervical Disc (ACDR) Indications The candidate must meet defined criteria By Jeffrey A. Instrumentation such as screws and plates may be used to stabilize the spine while the bony fusion grows. The goal of classification is to determine the degree to which the cervical cells have become abnormal, and whether treatment is needed, since lower degrees of dysplasia may resolve on their own without treatment. Conclusions: In patients with cervical DDD and radiculopathy both the pain drawing test and the VAS are validated tools to interpret the patients' pain. Diaz a 1 M. Cervical spine fusion: "It raises concerns about the long-term effects of using BMP, particularly with the higher doses being used. Your doctor may order post-operative radiographs (x-rays) to monitor the progress of this healing. Gimeno b 1 B. "In the properly selected patients, cervical disc replacement is at least as beneficial as fusion," says Todd Albert, MD, President of Rothman Institute in Philadelphia. Then, in the natural healing process, a segment of the spinal column is fused together in order to stabilize and protect that region of the spine, therefore reducing pain. 7, 8, 9 In a retrospective review of 132 patients who underwent anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, Bishop et al reported a nonunion rate. Long term restrictions after spinal fusion All the information, content and live chat provided on the site is intended to be for informational purposes only, and not a substitute for professional or medical advice. The onset of symptoms is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening events. And epidural steroid injections are problematic due to their long-term negative impact on bone density. And that bit above about friendly fire?. This study investigates if 6-month outcome with a broad assessment after ACDF with a cervical intervertebral fusion cage can be a guide for the 3-years outcome. In some studies the outcomes appear better than fusion. Cervical radiculopathy usually resolves without intervention. I am not sure how a fusion will occur since the disc will still be in place. Learn about short-term effects of chemotherapy. Long term use (five or more years) of OCs is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. , Nachemson A. Osmolube-DS Eye Drop is used in the treatment of Dry eyes. 4 Total Assets $ 6,610. Cardiac complications: Anterior cervical fusion is an intermediate risk procedure in terms of cardiac morbidity. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. They gradually get worse during the treatment and for a couple of weeks after the treatment ends. Achievement of final stability is the primary goal for fixation surgery, and this result is therefore considered very adequate. 5 Other Current. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional, single-center study. It has also been used in cervical disc herniations (CDHs), demonstrating the potential efficacy of this substance. McNamara Jr , DDS, PhD b , Tiziano Baccetti , DDS, PhD c , and Charles J. Criteria included a minimum of 48 month follow-up. You can have emotional and social effects as well as physical effects after a cancer diagnosis. I am not sure how a fusion will occur since the disc will still be in place. In some studies the outcomes appear better than fusion. The onset of symptoms is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening events. According to the to the Chicago Institute for Neurosurgery and Neuroresearch, the most frequently fused cervical segments are C5 and C6, and discectomy is the most common reason for this surgery. Cervical spondylosis is also called cervical osteoarthritis. You won't have your spine twisted, cracked, or popped. I am beginning to feel better but still have very limited ROM, obviously that will never get better. Cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer are classified along a spectrum of increasing cervical cell abnormality. Long-term impacts of different posterior operations on curvature, neurological recovery and axial symptoms for multilevel cervical degenerative myelopathy. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. The levels above and below a neck fusion weren't built to withstand the extra force the fusion causes, and because of this, we see a number of issues occurring with ASD following a neck fusion such as those that follow. We don't know exactly how many women have long term effects. Long term side effects of radiotherapy. Consider some of the following effects of a misaligned atlas (C1) and axis (C2). Anterior follow-up: surgical fusion is unnecessary. Researchers examined the MarketScan database on ACDF procedures performed 2006 to 2010 and found that perioperative. Rodrigo a 1 A. There are no specific concerns for the procedure beyond the inherent risks to. The space between the vertebrae in the spine narrows with age and eventually the spinal disk may bulge out and compress the spinal cord. Although it delayed fusion in the short term, perioperative steroid use did not negatively affect long-term fusion rates. PCF, by maintaining the motion of the operated segment, imposes less stress on the adjacent segments. 6 In Goffin's long-term follow-up of 180 patients who underwent cervical fusion, degenerative segments were evaluated with a "degenerative score" preoperatively and at late follow-up. Achievement of final stability is the primary goal for fixation surgery, and this result is therefore considered very adequate. It has a very high clinical success rate but is also associated with some negative long term side-effects […]. Long-term anatomic and functional changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington rod fusion. INTRODUCTION. The Vertical In-Line Plate (VIP ®) is an anterior cervical plate system with just one screw per level, that allows for a smaller incision and less retraction than standard ACDF systems. 4 years, range: 42-78 years) who underwent posterior laminectomy and instrumented fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) were included in this study to investigate the long-term outcome of this surgical option and clarify which factors affect the. Spine surgery should be a last resort for anyone, due to the cascade of negative effects it can have on the areas surrounding the surgery. Possible long-term effects include minor or, very rarely, major neurologic symptoms. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There have been no reports of long-term comparative studies of laminoplasty and ASF for cervical myelopathy due to disc herniation. Achievement of final stability is the primary goal for fixation surgery, and this result is therefore considered very adequate. Side effects may last from several weeks to a few months or, less commonly, many years or permanently. The evidence from uncontrolled long-term studies. Further research into the long-term complications of spinal fusion surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients is necessary, with special attention to more recent instrumentations. with minimal inflammatory response. 90(1 Suppl):8-12. It is a condition involving changes to the bones, discs, and joints of the neck. The drugs typically prescribed for back pain — non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, and prescription-only diclofenac and naproxen — can cause side-effects such as. Before you accept a settlement from the insurance company or settle a lawsuit, let us represent your best interests. After spine fusion surgery, patients typically feel stiffness in the area where the fusion was performed. "The most common chronic problems affecting the cervical spine are disk herniation and spondylosis," says Choudhri. If a posterior laminectomy is done without a cervical fusion, there is a post-operative risk of developing instability that may lead to pain and deformity. Neurosurgery 1998; cervical discectomy: an analysis on long-term results in 153 cases. Cervical cancer overview. Main Menu Genital herpes long term effects if left. designed studies are needed to establish long-term safety. Cervical Fusion Cervical fusion is a surgical procedure that can be used to stabilize the cervical spine and allow more space for the nerves. McDonnell, MD Houston Spine Surgery, 5225 Katy Freeway, Suite 600, Houston, TX 77007, USA Received 22 September 2003; accepted 30 June 2004 Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Dysphagia is a frequent complication after anterior cervical in-terbody. Most human liquid formulas contain less than 20% protein calories, precluding their use for the long-term (longer than 3 weeks) feeding of cats. Cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer are classified along a spectrum of increasing cervical cell abnormality. In some studies the outcomes appear better than fusion. org is one of the world's leading and most comprehensive websites on hearing, hearing loss and tinnitus and how to treat and live with hearing loss or tinnitus. Side effects depend on the type and dose of the drugs and the length of time you are treated. NuVasive Enrolls First Patients In Long-Term, Controlled Study Evaluating Advanced Implants' Effects On Fusion And Clinical Outcomes In XLIF® Procedures PRESS RELEASE PR Newswire Sep. The mean age of the patients was 51. Litrico S, Lonjon N, Riouallon G, et al. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an operation to remove a degenerative or herniated disc from the neck. None worsened after surgery. Compared to published data on ACDF, there is no superiority of any fusion technique compared to ACD alone. Things like smoking and soft bones can put you at higher risk for this problem. Long-term anatomic and functional changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington rod fusion. Long term use (five or more years) of OCs is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. A prospective, randomized, controlled cervical fusion study using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with the CORNERSTONE-SR allograft ring and the ATLANTIS anterior cervical plate. A 28-year-old man with limited arm movement following a severe cervical spine injury can now move his arms in multiple directions and walk using an exoskeleton suspended from the ceiling. All methods have their pros, but when it comes to the most effective type of birth control, there's a clear winner: long-acting reversible contraceptives (or LARCs). The BRYAN® Cervical Artificial Disc or Prestige Artificial Cervical Disc may be an alternative to fusion for some patients. The development of problems is called Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD), and with that concern, there have been a tremendous effort to develop artificial disc replacements in the hope of avoiding ASD and subsequent surgery. Cooper, Laminectomy and Posterior Cervical Plating for Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Effects on Cervical Alignment, Spinal Cord Compression, and Neurological Outcome, Neurosurgery, 52, 5, (1081), (2003). We reviewed the charts of all patients receiving ACD surgery between 1985 and 2000 to analyze the direct post-operative results as well. Designed to restore segmental motion and disc height, Mobi-C was approved after an extensive Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) study. Cervical Fusion. To retrospectively study the long-term outcome of patients after anterior cervical discectomy without fusion (ACD) compared to results published on the long-term outcome after ACD with fusion (ACDF). Methods This study was a continuation of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, US FDA IDE clinical trial comparing cervical TDR with the Mobi-C© Cervical Disc versus ACDF through. Find out about the side effects of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer and how to cope with them. There is concern that long-term use of creatine at high doses could damage the liver, kidneys or heart. If a posterior laminectomy is done without a cervical fusion, there is a post-operative risk of developing instability that may lead to pain and deformity. Cervical Interbody Fusion with Threaded Titanium Fusion Cages: Long-Term Results Scott H. An Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion, otherwise known as an ACDF, is a neurosurgical procedure that is undertaken to alleviate and treat damaged cervical discs of the spine. Twelve patients underwent 2-. Preoperative mental distress affects long-term outcome much more than the allocated treatment, ADR or fusion surgery in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are very effective at reducing inflammation, but their side effects can be serious if taken on a long-term basis. With the anterior approach, the neck may be made more stable with a fusion (joining) of the vertebrae. Spinal Fusion Subject Areas on Research 2012 Young Investigator Award winner: The distribution of body mass as a significant risk factor for lumbar spinal fusion postoperative infections. Still, by enough to make any other DJIA stock a. Spine 1983;8:576-84 Dickson J. By Carol Goodrich, as told to Jo Cavallo August 15, 2013. What was once treated with ankle fusion can now be managed with a joint replacement. Over the past decade, total cervical disc replacement (cTDR) has been established as a viable treatment option for a variety of pathologies at a short- and mid-term follow-up (FU). The long term effects of this is unknown and may put users at an increased risk of osteoporosis. However, with any anterior cervical fusion, there is a risk of pseudoarthrosis. The objective of this study was to compare short- and long-term changes in neck muscle endurance, electromyography measures of neck muscle activation and fatigue and ratings of fatigue and pain after neck-specific training or physical activity in people with cervical radiculopathy. However, unlikely after ACDF, the ROMs of the adjacent segment did not increase after PCF. In this study, five hundred and seventy-five subjects were randomized to either the Mobi-C prosthesis or the control treatment - conventional anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with anterior cervical plating. Bladder and bowel side effects You may have some permanent effects from your treatment. The onset of these immunological effects is slow, and can require several months for maximal effectiveness. This surgery is usually required when the cervical vertebrae — and the discs between each vertebra — have become damaged as a result of an injury or chronic wear-and-tear. Long term results of spinal fusion are…well, there's good news and bad news updated Apr 24, 2018 Hedlund R, Johansson C, Hägg O, Fritzell P, Tullberg T; Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. I am 49 years old, and had a right ankle fusion when I was only 9 years old, due to an undiagnosed fracture on the fibula's growth plate. Cervical spondylosis is also called cervical osteoarthritis. Due to the nature of this approach and intraoperative manipulations, you may experience the following temporary side effects: dysphagia (difficulty. 7, 8, 9 In a retrospective review of 132 patients who underwent anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, Bishop et al reported a nonunion rate. In addition, nerve damage is a rare, but possible long term effect of having a spinal fusion. More than 85 percent of people over the age of 60 are affected. The duration time may be longer than usual, too, with some people requiring to wear it for longer than 8 weeks. An incision is made in the throat area to reach and remove the disc. Consider some of the following effects of a misaligned atlas (C1) and axis (C2). Ageing causes wear and tear to muscles and bones – called cervical spondylosis. Mobbs 1,2,3 , Jarred Hogan 1,2,3 , Dong Fang Zhao 4 , Prashanth J. The cervical spine begins at the base of the skull, made up of the first seven vertebrae which are abbreviated as C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. A weak start for stocks in October will create good entry points for growth investors. Long-Term Effects of Segmental Lumbar Spinal Fusion on Adjacent Healthy Discs: A Finite Element Study Gunti Ranga Srinivas , 1 Anindya Deb , 1 Malhar N. 2015 NHS England commissioning guidance confirms these findings and advice. Therefore, degenerative pathogenesis at the adjacent segments following anterior cervical spine fusion has various causes, and continued research is warranted to fully elucidate these causes. GlobalData: Supporting vaping is risky for NHS hospitals as long-term effects of e-cigarettes are unknown E-cigarettes may be on the rise, with 21% of UK consumers aged between 18 and 24 occasionally or regularly vaping in 2018, but it is risky for NHS hospitals to start showing support for the practice a. Long-Term whiplash usually results from more serious car accidents. The long term effects of this is unknown and may put users at an increased risk of osteoporosis. Long-Term Results After Operative Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy by Laminectomy. Features & Benefits. Trust in our expertise and compassion. View Osmolube-DS Eye Drop (bottle of 10 ml Eye Drop) uses, composition, side-effects, price, substitutes, drug interactions, precautions, warnings, expert advice and buy online at best price on 1mg. To compare short- and long-term changes in neck muscle endurance, electromyography measures of neck muscle activation and fatigue and ratings of fatigue and pain after neck-specific training or physical activity in people with cervical radiculopathy. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Exellent Good Fair Poor. 2010 NICE guidance on neck disc replacement says disc replacement is as least as effective as fusion in the short-term, and may result in reduced need for further surgery in the long-term. Bances a 1 F. Additional risks and complications of anterior cervical diskectomy and spinal fusion include: Misplaced, broken, or loosened plates and screws; Complications relating to the bone graft, including hip pain (if an autograft is used), dislodgement, fracture, or severe settling; Nonunion of the spinal fusion; Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery Risks. However, there is uncertainty with respect to the influence of ACDF on adjacent segment degeneration or disease (ASD). Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) is performed for patients with symptomatic, progressive cervical spinal stenosis and myelopathy. There are several short and intermediate term follow-up studies to prove the safety and efficacy of ACDR with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Cervical radiculopathy usually resolves without intervention. A 28-year-old man with limited arm movement following a severe cervical spine injury can now move his arms in multiple directions and walk using an exoskeleton suspended from the ceiling. The process of healing lasts approximately 6 to 9 months. Check if it's cervical spondylosis. Hi, I am new to this forum. By Carol Goodrich, as told to Jo Cavallo August 15, 2013. at least as effective and safe as one level cervical fusion in short term. A small slot is drilled into the ventral aspect of the adjacent vertebra to allow insertion of the "cut tip" retractor. This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae. I consent to the insertion of the Centurion Cervical Disc Prosthesis. Total 99 patients who underwent ACDF with SAC between February 2004 and December 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. 1 day ago · Scientists Make Massive Cervical Cancer Breakthrough Using Gene-Editing Technology. Over the past decade, total cervical disc replacement (cTDR) has been established as a viable treatment option for a variety of pathologies at a short- and mid-term follow-up (FU). Before you accept a settlement from the insurance company or settle a lawsuit, let us represent your best interests. Cure for vertigo and long term side effects of vertin?. Total 99 patients who underwent ACDF with SAC between February. com - Joanna Freedman. a long-term association between oral contraceptives and cervical lesions, the researchers warned. Two months post-operative follow up at the outpatient clinic revealed that 90. A Long-term Study on the Expansion Effects of the Cervical-pull Facebow With and Without Rapid Maxillary Expansion Frederick A. " the most extensive cervical and lumbar motion preserving and fusion. A new study in The Spine Journal examines the failure rate and long-term outcomes for patients who receive single- or multi-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusions. On the other hand, fusion also creates more stress on other non-fused levels of the spine. title = "Pediatric occipitocervical fusion: Long-term radiographic changes in curvature, growth, and alignment", abstract = "OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the rate of vertebral growth, curvature, and alignment for multilevel constructs in the cervical spine after occipitocervical fixation (OCF) in pediatric patients and compared these results with those in published reports of growth in normal children. Here are seven of the best prospects to look at. Another reason for surgery are spurs that irritate a nerve root19. Cervical Radiculopathy. Long-Term whiplash usually results from more serious car accidents. Patient characteristics. However, it's not clear whether OC use decreases the body's ability to fight off HPV or if there's another indirect reason for the higher risk. Recent cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that there is continued growth of. Neck Spine Fractures Overview. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative long-term societal costs of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) for the treatment of single level cervical disc disease by considering upfront surgical costs, lost productivity, and risk of subsequent revision surgery. Story From Williamson Medical Center: New procedure improves cervical spine surgery outcomes. Cervical spine CTs at the long-term follow-ups revealed 98 % stable fusion. I have been offered little in terms of treatment of after effects and am wondering if anyone has found relief. Cervical discectomy is an old procedure that has long demonstrated its immediate efficacy and low associated morbidity [1]. When blood cells are affected by anticancer drugs, patients are more likely to get infections, may bruise or bleed easily, and may have less energy. Zimmer Biomet Spine's cervical arthroplasty device, the Mobi-C ® Cervical Disc (Mobi-C), is the first cervical disc replacement FDA approved for both one and two-level indications. When spinal fusion is performed in the. Wales says the vaccine is very safe, and can't cause an infection because it's inactivated. Unfortunately, spine fusions unnaturally connect spaces meant to move freely using metal rods, screws, or cages. I am beginning to feel better but still have very limited ROM, obviously that will never get better. Although effective as a short term positive outcome, the surgery has become very closely tied to an adverse long term condition,. Spine surgery should be a last resort for anyone, due to the cascade of negative effects it can have on the areas surrounding the surgery. 2015 NHS England commissioning guidance confirms these findings and advice. Public Forum Home Medicines and Side Effects Having vertigo and cervical problems. A condition caused by compression of a nerve root in cervical spine. Risk factors for non-fusion segment disease after anterior cervical spondylosis surgery: a retrospective study with long-term follow-up of 171 patients Ziqiang Wang1,2†, Liangliang Zhou1,2†, Bin Lin2, Keran Song2, Qinghe Niu2, Dongfeng Ren2* and Jiaguang Tang2* Abstract. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) of one or two levels for spondylotic myelopathy or radiculopathy has proven to be an extremely effective procedure in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes [1–4]. Spinal adjustments were among many chiropractic techniques invented in the 19th century by Daniel David Palmer , the founder of Chiropractic. What are the symptoms? Cervical myelopathy tends to creep up on patients in most cases. Unintentional Cracking 2 yrs after cervical spine fusion ant Anterior Disectomy and Cervical Fusion Getting Ready For Anterior Cervical Discectomy & Fusion w/Instrumentation Anterior Cervical Fusion - C5 -6-7 Issues cervical disectomy fusion c4-5, c 5-6, severe cervical arthr Questions re long term results of anterior cervical fusion C6-7. Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term outcomes after laminoplasty and anterior spinal fusion (ASF) for cervical myelopathy secondary to disc herniation. Your doctor visits are a good time to ask questions and talk about any changes or problems you notice or concerns you have. Compared to the other spinal vertebrae, the cervical bones are smaller in size. Nistear Eye Drop is used in the treatment of Dry eyes. When spinal fusion is performed in the. I am 49 years old, and had a right ankle fusion when I was only 9 years old, due to an undiagnosed fracture on the fibula's growth plate. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by neurological and spinal orthopedic surgeons. GENITAL HERPES Long Term Effects If left untreated it may cause cervical cancer from AA 1. Not long ago, scientists studied this corpse and found that there are many high-density round tumors between the pelvis and the lumbar spine, which is a typical manifestation of prostate cancer. With Fusion. "The long term data generally shows as favorable results. 2 days ago · Other Long-Term Assets 281. Side effects depend on the type and dose of the drugs and the length of time you are treated. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Complications Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) Video There is also a chance of developing symptoms at of the disc levels either above or below the fused vertebrae, termed Adjacent Segment Disease (ASD). Similar to the C2-C3 fusion of McRae and could be viewed as a more elaborate variation. Comparison between anterior cervical discectomy fusion and cervical corpectomy fusion using titanium cages for reconstruction Analysis of outcome and long-term follow-up Juan S. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Outcomes over 10 Years A Prospective Study Glenn R. It also puts more stress on the vertebrae next to the fusion, therefore. View Dewshel 1% Gel Eye Drop (bottle of 10 ml Eye Drop) uses, composition, side-effects, price, substitutes, drug interactions, precautions, warnings, expert advice and buy online at best price on 1mg. PCF, by maintaining the motion of the operated segment, imposes less stress on the adjacent segments. ported that anterior cervical fusion surgery is effective for patients with cervical spondylosis accompanied with Barré-Liéou syndrome, both in short-term (7) and mid-term (8) follow-ups. Herniated cervical disc Overview. Herniations in the lumbar and cervical spine occur with increased frequency in middle aged patients (30-50 years old). The incid. If spinal stenosis, the most common reason for a laminectomy, originates from problems in the nerves, then there is usually no need for a fusion, decreasing risk factors and increasing the odds of long-term success. Believe me it is not hard to find (most) studies indicating that total disc replacement (TDR) is superior to anterior cervical discetomy and fusion (ACDF) in every way from post op recovery to long term satisfaction. View Osmolube-DS Eye Drop (bottle of 10 ml Eye Drop) uses, composition, side-effects, price, substitutes, drug interactions, precautions, warnings, expert advice and buy online at best price on 1mg. A total of 16 cases with craniocervical instability underwent OCF since the year 2002. The onset of symptoms is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening events. net/user/Masterpiece - After effects projects - Best. Cells in hair roots and cells that line the digestive tract also divide rapidly. myopathy) and neurodegenerative diseases on muscular degeneration. Spinal Fusion Surgery: An Advanced Treatment for Better Spine Care Your spine is the foundation of your body, lifting you up and keeping you strong. Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae.


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These legs from the king of crabs come already cooked at your supermarket usually previously frozen, so we won't have to boil them long to finish them off. But we do want to give them a long enough bath to get the flavor of garlic into the meat. To aid in this process we need to poke several holes in the shell along each leg so that the garlic water can seep in. Use the handle end of a nutcracker the kind that is often serve with crab to help crack the shells, or the back end of a wooden spoon to make those holes. This step also makes removing the shells easier when eating the crab. And you don't have to worry about peeling the garlic cloves. Just pound 'em flat with a mallet or foil-wrapped brick and toss em into the water.


DENVER — Milwaukee Brewers right-hander Chase Anderson was scratched from his scheduled start against Colorado on Saturday night because of a stomach illness.
The team replaced Anderson with left-hander Brent Suter, who moved up a spot in the rotation.
Brewers manager Craig Counsell said the team was still deciding who will start Sunday's series finale against the Rockies in place of Suter.
In a move made before the illness-induced pitching change, the Brewers selected the contract of right-hander Alec Asher from Class AAA Colorado Springs. The team made room for Asher on the 40-man roster by optioning right-hander Jacob Barnes to Colorado Springs and then moving left-hander Wade Miley from the 10-day disabled list to the 60-day DL.


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