text:
Klingon Intelligence personnel, Agencies, Klingon Empire, Intelligence agencies
Imperial Intelligence
Klingon Imperial Intelligence (or I.I.) is the espionage and information-gathering arm of the Klingon Empire.
It was known to be a feared governmental branch which was responsible for the well being of the Empire. It was common for them to operate above the law when necessary in order to ensure the future of the Klingon Empire. I.I. operatives were exempted from many of the usual rules of Klingon society (for instance, non-undercover operatives were immune to challenges), and with sufficient authority I.I. agents could assume control of KDF assets, up to and including seizing command of starships. This lead to a great deal of institutional friction between I.I. and the Klingon Defense Force. The warriors often viewed I.I. as honorless schemers who lurked in shadows, while intelligence operatives tended to view the KDF as swaggering, ham-handed dolts. (TOS novel: The Final Reflection, TLE novel: The Art of the Impossible, the Star Trek: Klingon Empire series, the TOS video game: Starfleet Command II)
The mission of Imperial Intelligence was the collection and analysis of information concerning the enemies of the Klingon Empire; be they external or internal.
The body was first created under the direction of Klingon Emperor Karagg many years ago. At the time, Karagg was a relatively new Emperor and his power base was unstable. Thus, he formed his own intelligence service which was to function officially as a central bureau for the coordination of both civilian and military agencies. This led to it becoming a watchdog agency that reported on the activities of the other house lines as it maintained its allegiance to Emperor Karagg. Through the support of the Emperor, Imperial Intelligence quickly became the power behind the throne itself.
Some years later after Karagg was deposed, the agency was nearly removed of its imperial mandate by the successive Emperor. However, agents of Imperial Intelligence threatened the new Emperor with information they were going to provide to his rivals which would have sparked a long as well as bloody civil war. This started a relationship between the two with Imperial Intelligence supporting the Emperor that supported the intelligence agency. In the years that followed, the organization had solidified its position and had strengthened the position of Emperors and even members of the Imperial Council. As such, a symbiotic relationship developed between high ranking officials within the Klingon Empire and Imperial Intelligence. (FASA RPG module: The Klingons: Star Fleet Intelligence Manual)
Klingon Secret Service Operation Report (for translation, click on image.)
In the 23rd century, the title of the head of I.I. was Operations Master. I.I., under the direct leadership of Chancellor Orak, then sent a agent named Gralmek to take the place of Nilz Baris's assistant, Arne Darvin at Deep Space K-7 in 2267. Gralmek orders were to derail Federation colonization on Sherman's Planet. The details of Gralmek's mission were mentioned in a report.(ST reference: Federation: The First 150 Years)
In 2389, I.I. had been investigating the Hobus supernova. During the course of the investigation, reports were made about unknown advanced starships in Romulan space. (ST website: Ships of the Line)
Imperial Intelligence Operatives Edit
This article or subsection has an associated category.
Klingon Intelligence personnel
(includes covert and open agents)
B'Etloj
Goloth
Gralmek
Indizar
K'men
Kamuk
Korak
Kveld
Lorgh
Lurqal
Narrk
Yovang
Retrieved from "https://memory-beta.fandom.com/wiki/Imperial_Intelligence?oldid=646790"
Klingon Empire


text:
A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems
Bok Nyong Park, Wonjun Lee, Jae Won Kim
Graduate School of Information Study
Although the Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been rapidly developed to protect copyrights, they have not considered user privacy because they regard this as an unnecessary element in achieving their goals. However, the protection of user privacy becomes one of the most important issues in DRM systems as the number of people who suffer from accidents caused by the infringement of individual information dramatically increases. This paper suggests a license management protocol which is a more powerful protocol to protect individual information in DRM. To protect the exposure of information of user identification, the proposed protocol uses alias like a TID and a token instead of the identity of content users. Due to using alias, this protocol can guarantee the anonymity of content users. Also, it can prevent the leakage of individual information through encryption of usage information. In this way, it can protect the privacy of content users.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
Published - 2005 Aug
License management protocol
Public-key cryptosystem
10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cryptography Engineering & Materials Science
Accidents Engineering & Materials Science
Park, B. N., Lee, W., & Kim, J. W. (2005). A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, E88-D(8), 1958-1965. https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems. / Park, Bok Nyong; Lee, Wonjun; Kim, Jae Won.
In: IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, Vol. E88-D, No. 8, 08.2005, p. 1958-1965.
Park, BN, Lee, W & Kim, JW 2005, 'A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E88-D, no. 8, pp. 1958-1965. https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
Park BN, Lee W, Kim JW. A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. 2005 Aug;E88-D(8):1958-1965. https://doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
Park, Bok Nyong ; Lee, Wonjun ; Kim, Jae Won. / A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems. In: IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. 2005 ; Vol. E88-D, No. 8. pp. 1958-1965.
@article{b9ff1e160303441fa72321a12d214488,
title = "A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems",
abstract = "Although the Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been rapidly developed to protect copyrights, they have not considered user privacy because they regard this as an unnecessary element in achieving their goals. However, the protection of user privacy becomes one of the most important issues in DRM systems as the number of people who suffer from accidents caused by the infringement of individual information dramatically increases. This paper suggests a license management protocol which is a more powerful protocol to protect individual information in DRM. To protect the exposure of information of user identification, the proposed protocol uses alias like a TID and a token instead of the identity of content users. Due to using alias, this protocol can guarantee the anonymity of content users. Also, it can prevent the leakage of individual information through encryption of usage information. In this way, it can protect the privacy of content users.",
keywords = "Alias, Anonymity, DRM, License management protocol, Privacy, Public-key cryptosystem",
author = "Park, {Bok Nyong} and Wonjun Lee and Kim, {Jae Won}",
doi = "10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958",
volume = "E88-D",
journal = "IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems",
T1 - A license management protocol for protecting user privacy and digital contents in Digital Rights Management systems
AU - Park, Bok Nyong
AU - Lee, Wonjun
AU - Kim, Jae Won
N2 - Although the Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been rapidly developed to protect copyrights, they have not considered user privacy because they regard this as an unnecessary element in achieving their goals. However, the protection of user privacy becomes one of the most important issues in DRM systems as the number of people who suffer from accidents caused by the infringement of individual information dramatically increases. This paper suggests a license management protocol which is a more powerful protocol to protect individual information in DRM. To protect the exposure of information of user identification, the proposed protocol uses alias like a TID and a token instead of the identity of content users. Due to using alias, this protocol can guarantee the anonymity of content users. Also, it can prevent the leakage of individual information through encryption of usage information. In this way, it can protect the privacy of content users.
AB - Although the Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been rapidly developed to protect copyrights, they have not considered user privacy because they regard this as an unnecessary element in achieving their goals. However, the protection of user privacy becomes one of the most important issues in DRM systems as the number of people who suffer from accidents caused by the infringement of individual information dramatically increases. This paper suggests a license management protocol which is a more powerful protocol to protect individual information in DRM. To protect the exposure of information of user identification, the proposed protocol uses alias like a TID and a token instead of the identity of content users. Due to using alias, this protocol can guarantee the anonymity of content users. Also, it can prevent the leakage of individual information through encryption of usage information. In this way, it can protect the privacy of content users.
KW - Alias
KW - Anonymity
KW - DRM
KW - License management protocol
KW - Privacy
KW - Public-key cryptosystem
U2 - 10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
DO - 10.1093/ietisy/e88-d.8.1958
VL - E88-D
JO - IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems
JF - IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. The Holy Martyrs Eutropius, Cleonicus and Basiliscus.
They were comrades of St Theodore the Tyro. When glorious Theodore gloriously laid down his life, they remained behind in prison, and were not condemned for a long time because of the courage of the imperial governor of the town of Amasea. When a new governor arrived, more inhuman than his predecessor, he ordered these three to be brought before him. All three were young men; Eutropius and Cleonicus were brothers and Basiliscus a kinsman of Theodore's. But all three were, through their brotherly love, as blood-brothers. And they therefore said to the governor: 'As the Holy Trinity is indivisible, so are we indivisible in faith and inseparable in love. `All flattery on the governor's part was in vain, as were all his efforts to bribe Eutropius. He first invited him to dine with him, which Eutropius refused with a quotation from the Psalms: `Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsels of the ungodly', after which he offered him vast wealth - 150 litres of silver - which Eutropius likewise refused, reminding the governor that Judas lost his soul for silver. After all these attempts, followed by interrogation and torture, the first two were condemned to be crucified, for which they gave thanks to Christ that He had counted them worthy to die the death He had died; and the third, Basilicus, was beheaded. They all entered into the Kingdom of joy, where their commander, Theodore, was waiting for them, glorified before Christ the Lord and Victor. They suffered with honour in 308.
2. St Piama of Egypt.
She refused, for the sake of Christ, to marry, and gave herself to asceticism in her mother's house. She took only a little food every other day, and spent her time in prayer and meditation, being gifted with insight. She departed this life peacefully, commending her soul to the Lord, in about the year 377.
3. An Unknown Girl in Alexandria.
She was from a wealthy house, having a good father who suffered much and had a difficult death, and an evil mother who had an easy life, died in peace and was buried with honour. In uncertainty whether to live by the example of her father or her mother, this maiden had a vision, in which the state of her father and of her mother were shown to her. She saw her father in the Kingdom of God, and her mother in darkness and torment. This determined her to devote her whole life to God, and, like her father, follow the commandments of God without regard to any opposition or misfortune that she might have to endure. And she followed the commandments of God to the end, with His help, and was made worthy of the Kingdom of heaven, in which she was reunited with her beloved father.


This shrub is sure to attract attention and hummingbirds when it bursts into bloom in late spring or early summer—and when it blooms a second time in the fall! Rich red, funnel-shaped flowers cover the plant. Growing 6-9 ft. tall with a similar spread, Red Prince Weigela is an upright, deciduous shrub with an oval-rounded habit, making it a good choice for a specimen plant. More cold hardy than some weigelas, Red Prince is a favorite flowering shrub for northern gardeners. Grows best when planted in full sun. Deer tend to avoid. Zones 4-8.
Depth: Tolerant of a wide range of growing conditions.
Color: Rich red that does not fade.
Blooms: Late spring to early sommer and sporadically until late summer.
Soil Requirements: Well drained, fertile soil.


text:
Q: Why doesn't "ResourceDictionary" work? My program works well.
  <Window.Resources>

        <ResourceDictionary Source="GlassButton.xaml">
        </ResourceDictionary>
    </Window.Resources>

But  after adding DataGrid  on the "MainWindow" shows error in string:
   <ResourceDictionary Source="GlassButton.xaml">

The part of Window.Resources has changed after adding DataGrid and it became like that:
<Window.Resources>
        <ResourceDictionary Source="GlassButton.xaml">
            <my:DepartmentDataSet x:Key="DepartmentDataSet" />
            <CollectionViewSource x:Key="DepViewSource" Source="{Binding Path=DEP, Source={StaticResource DepartmentDataSet}}" />
        </ResourceDictionary>

The error message shows:
"Property "System.Windows.ResourceDictionary.DeferrableContent" is called exception.": Number of row "10" and position in a row "29".
With best regards

A: I've found  the reason. I need to put code in "< ResourceDictionary.Merged >". With this added code program works very well!
<ResourceDictionary>
    <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
             <ResourceDictionary Source="GlassButton.xaml"/>
    </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
            <my:DepartmentDataSet x:Key="DepartmentDataSet" />
            <CollectionViewSource x:Key="DepViewSource" Source="{Binding Path=DEP, Source={StaticResource DepartmentDataSet}}" />
        </ResourceDictionary>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}

The study of spatially modulated ground states in strongly interacting systems
is an old topic \cite{Overhauser:1962,Goldhaber:1987,Dautry:1979,Broniowski:1990dy}
(see Ref.~\cite{Broniowski:2011} for a recent review)
which has recently received new attention.
It has been argued some time ago that the favored ground state of a dense
Fermi sea of quarks should be characterized by a spatial modulation
of the chiral condensate, at least in the limit of a large number of colors
($N_c$)~\cite{Deryagin:1992,Shuster:1999}.
More recent studies, especially in the context of quarkyonic matter,
seem to support this hypothesis~\cite{Kojo:2009ha,Kojo:2010,Kojo:2011}.

But also for physical case of three colors,
Nambu--Jona-Lasinio-- (NJL--) type model
studies have revealed the presence of an inhomogeneous ``island''
at intermediate chemical potentials and low temperatures,
namely in the region where the usual first-order chiral phase transition
would occur when limiting to homogeneous phases
only~\cite{Sadzikowski:2000,NT:2004,Nickel:2009}.
In particular, the critical endpoint of the phase boundary is covered
by the inhomogeneous region and thus disappears from the phase
diagram~\cite{CNB:2010}.

In these proceedings we present some of the most recent results in
our NJL-model study of inhomogeneous chiral symmetry breaking phases.
After briefly outlining our methods for tackling this problem
and the technical difficulties associated with it, we show numerical
results for different kinds of one- and two-dimensional modulations and
compare their free energies.
In order to build a bridge towards large-$N_c$ studies, we then consider
a Polyakov-loop extended NJL model for an arbitrary (large) number of colors
and see how this modification alters the inhomogeneous phase.
Finally, we discuss the properties of a second inhomogeneous region,
which appears in our model at higher chemical potentials,
and try to understand the origin of this new ``continent''.
In particular, we investigate whether it
is to be interpreted as a regularization artifact
or as a simple consequence of the model interaction.

\section{Inhomogeneous phases in NJL}
Starting from the two-flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio Lagrangian \cite{NJL},

\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}_{NJL} = \bar\psi (i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu -m)\psi + G \left( ({\bar\psi\psi})^2 + (\bar\psi i \gamma^5 \tau_a \psi)^2\right)\,,
\end{equation}
we perform the mean-field approximation, allowing for a spatial dependence of the scalar and pseudoscalar condensates:

\begin{equation}
\langle\bar{\psi}\psi\rangle=S(\vec x)  \,,\qquad
\langle\bar{\psi}i\gamma^5\tau^a\psi\rangle=P(\vec x)\,\delta_{a3} \,.
\end{equation}
The mean-field Lagrangian can be rewritten by introducing an effective Hamilton operator $\mathcal{H}$ \cite{Nickel:2009,NB:2009}:

\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L_{MF}} =
\bar\psi \gamma^0 (i\partial_0 - \mathcal{H})\psi - G (S^2 + P^2) \,,
\label{eq:LMF}
\end{equation}
with $\mathcal{H}$ defined as

\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H} =  \gamma^0 \left[ i\vec\gamma\cdot\vec\partial + m - 2G(S + i \gamma^5 \tau_a P) \right] \,.
\end{equation}
Explicitly, we can write down $\mathcal{H}$ as \cite{Nickel:2009}

\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H} =
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
 -i\vec\sigma\cdot\vec\partial &  M(\vec x) \\
 M^*(\vec x) & i\vec\sigma\cdot\vec\partial \\
\end{array}
\right) \,,
\end{equation}
where the chiral representation for the Dirac matrices has been used
and we introduced an effective inhomogeneous ``mass'' function

\begin{equation}
M(\vec x) = m - 2G (S(\vec x) + i  P(\vec x)) \,.
\end{equation}
In order to evaluate the thermodynamic potential associated to this (so far generic) spatially modulated chiral condensate, we work, as customary, in
imaginary time and switch to momentum space. By assuming static (\ie time-independent) condensates, we are able to perform explicitly the
sum over Matsubara frequencies and obtain the expression (up to a constant)

\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Omega2}
\Omega(T,\mu;M(\vec x))
=
\Omega_\mathit{kin}(T,\mu;M(\vec x))
+
\Omega_\mathit{cond}(M(\vec x))
\,,
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Omegacond}
\Omega_\mathit{cond}(M(\vec x))
=
\frac{1}{V} \int_V\, d^3x \,\frac{\vert M(\vec x)-m\vert^2}{4G}
\,,
\end{equation}
where $V$ is the volume of the system, and
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:Omegakin}
\Omega_\mathit{kin}(T,\mu;M(\vec x))
=
-T
\sum_{E_{n}}
\log\left(2\cosh\left(\frac{E_{n}-\mu}{2T}\right)\right)
\,,
\end{equation}
where the sum is over all eigenvalues $E_n$ of $\mathcal{H}$ in color,
flavor, Dirac and momentum space.

For homogeneous condensates the diagonalization of~$\mathcal{H}$ in Dirac
space simply gives twice $E_p = \pm\sqrt{p^2+M^2}$ and the eigenvalue sum may
be trivially turned into an integral over all possible momenta.
In presence of an inhomogeneous condensate, however, the diagonalization of
$\mathcal{H}$ is a highly non-trivial task,
since the quarks may exchange momenta by scattering off the inhomogeneous
condensate. This means that the spatially modulated mass term will effectively
couple quarks with different momenta and the resulting structure will not be
diagonal in momentum space.

In the following we assume to have a lattice structure and, thus, a periodic
shape of the modulation. This means that we can expand the modulated chiral
condensate in a Fourier series,
\begin{equation}
M(\vec x) = \sum_{\vec{q}_k} M_{\vec{q}_k} e^{i \vec{q}_k\cdot\vec x} \,,
\label{eq:Mq}
\end{equation}
with discrete momenta $\vec{q}_k$, which form a reciprocal lattice (RL).
A generic element of $\mathcal{H}$ in momentum space then takes the form

\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H}_{\vec{p}_m,\vec{p}_n} =
 \left(
\begin{array}{cc}
 -\vec\sigma\cdot\vec{p}_m\,\delta_{\vec{p}_m,\vec{p}_n} &
 \sum_{\vec{q}_k} M_{\vec{q}_k} \delta_{\vec{p}_n,\vec{p}_m+\vec{q}_k}
 \\
 \sum_{\vec{q}_k} M^*_{\vec{q}_k} \delta_{\vec{p}_n,\vec{p}_m-\vec{q}_k} &
 \vec\sigma\cdot\vec{p}_m\,\delta_{\vec{p}_m,\vec{p}_n}
\end{array}
\right) \,,
\label{eq:mfH}
\end{equation}
where $\sum_{\vec{q}_k}$ runs over all momenta of the RL, making obvious
the non-diagonal structure of the matrix.
In turn, momenta which do not differ by an element of the RL are not
coupled, so that $\mathcal{H}$ can be decomposed into a block diagonal
form, where each block can be labelled by a momentum of the first
Brillouin zone (BZ).
This allows to decompose the eigenvalue sum in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Omega2}) into
a momentum integral over the BZ times a sum over the discrete eigenvalues
of each block.

For the simplest case of the so-called chiral density wave (CDW),
namely a plane wave characterized by a single momentum\footnote{
Some authors introduce an additional factor of two in the exponent,
$M(\vec x) = M e^{i 2\vec{q}\cdot\vec{x}}$.
This is motivated by the fact that the favored value of $|\vec Q|$
is roughly of the order of $2\mu$, so that $|\vec q|$ is of the order
of $\mu$.
Here we prefer the definition without the factor of two, which is
more consistent with the general ansatz of Eq.~(\ref{eq:Mq}) and other
modulations studied in this article.}

\begin{equation}
M(\vec x) = M e^{i \vec{Q}\cdot\vec{x}} \,,
\label{eq:spiral}
\end{equation}
the sum in (\ref{eq:mfH}) is then obviously given by a single term, and the resulting BZ-projected matrix within this framework
is characterized by a narrow band structure, with only
the first off-diagonal block filled with nonzero entries.

For general periodic structures,
although the numerical diagonalization procedure is in principle straightforward, its practical implementation turns out to be computationally demanding.
Therefore, in order to simplify the problem, we limit the generality
of our ansatz Eq.~(\ref{eq:Mq}) for the spatially modulated condensate
and consider simpler, lower-dimensional modulations.

\section{One-dimensional modulations}
The eigenvalue problem simplifies considerably when the chiral condensate is allowed to vary only in one spatial dimension.
In this special case it has been observed that the dimensionally reduced effective Hamiltonian becomes formally identical to that of the 1+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model \cite{Nickel:2009},
for which self-consistent solutions are already well known \cite{Schnetz:2004vr,Schnetz:2005ih,Thies:2006ti,Basar:2009fg}. One finds
(from now on we will consider only results in the chiral limit for simplicity)

\begin{equation}
M(z) = \sqrt{\nu}\Delta sn(\Delta z\vert\nu) \,,
\label{eq:msolitons}
\end{equation}
where $sn(\Delta z\vert\nu)$ is a Jacobi elliptic function \cite{abramovitz}.
For this kind of solutions, an analytical expression for the eigenvalue spectrum, depending on the elliptic parameter $\nu$ and the amplitude of the condensate $\Delta$ can be obtained
and the minimization of the thermodynamic potential may easily be performed with respect to these two quantities \cite{Nickel:2009}.
No numerical diagonalization of $\mathcal{H}$ is thus needed.
In particular, Eq.~(\ref{eq:Omegakin}) can be written as

\begin{equation}
\Omega_\mathit{kin}
=
-N_fN_c\int_0^\infty \vspace{-2mm}dE\,\rho(E)
(f_\mathit{vac} + f_\mathit{med})\,,
\label{eq:omegarho}
\end{equation}
where all functions which enter the integrand are known
analytically~\cite{Nickel:2009}:
$\rho(E)$ is the spectral density associated to this kind of solutions,
$f_{vac}$ is the (divergent) vacuum contribution related to the Dirac sea,
which we regularize by introducing Pauli-Villars-type
counterterms~\cite{Klevansky:1992qe},

\begin{equation}
f_{vac}(E,\Lambda) = \sum_{j=0}^3 c_j \sqrt{E^2+j\Lambda^2}\,,
\qquad
c_0 = -c_3 =1,\; c_2 = -c_1 = 3\,,
\label{eq:fuv}
\end{equation}
and $f_{med}$ describes the medium part:

\begin{equation}
f_{med}(E) = T \log \left(1 + e^{-(E - \mu)/T}\right) +
             T \log \left(1 + e^{-(E + \mu)/T}\right)
\,.
\label{eq:fmed}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{pdsolitons.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{shapesolitons.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Left:
Phase diagram obtained when allowing for solitonic solutions.
The black dotted lines represent the second-order transition lines
separating the homogeneous chirally broken phase (left), the
chirally restored phase (right) and the inhomogeneous phase (shaded
region).
The blue solid line represents the first-order phase boundary
obtained when limiting to homogeneous order parameters.
It is completely covered by the inhomogeneous phase and ends at
the ``Lifshitz point'' where the three second-order phase boundaries
meet.
Right: Mass function $M(z)$ at $T=0$ for two different values of the
chemical potential.
}
\label{fig:pdsolitons}
\end{figure}

The resulting phase diagram is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pdsolitons}.
It features a region at low temperatures and intermediate chemical potentials
where an inhomogeneous phase is favored over the homogeneous chirally broken
and restored solutions.
At the onset of this inhomogeneous island the chiral condensate assumes
the shape of a single soliton
(which is thermodynamically degenerate with the homogeneous broken solution)
and then progressively varies into
a more sinusoidal shape until it gradually melts when reaching the restored
phase. In this case, all phase transitions
are second order \cite{Nickel:2009,CNB:2010}.

It is of course possible to restrict the one-dimensional ansatz to something even simpler,
such as a chiral density wave (\ref{eq:spiral}) \cite{Sadzikowski:2000,NT:2004} or a real sinusoidal modulation,
\begin{equation}
M(z) = M cos(Q z) \,.
\label{eq:cos}
\end{equation}
When implementing the CDW modulation one finds that the BZ-projected $\mathcal{H}$ is immediately block-diagonal and an analytical expression for the density
of states can be obtained straightforwardly. The thermodynamic potential
can then again be worked out
using Eq.~(\ref{eq:omegarho}), with the only difference
being a different expression for $\rho(E)$ \cite{Nickel:2009}.
For the real sinusoidal modulation, on the other hand,
a brute-force numerical diagonalization in Dirac and momentum space is required.
Results for the order parameters of these two kinds of modulation are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:cosspiral}.
After comparing the free energy of these modulations
(see also section \ref{sec:freeen}),
one finds that both are favored over the homogeneous
solutions in a very similar window in chemical potential.
In fact, it has been argued \cite{Nickel:2009prl} that all these inhomogeneous
solutions should share a common second order transition
to the restored phase, while the onset from the chirally broken phase need not be the same, since in this case the two phases are separated by a first order line\footnote{While the solitonic ansatz
may assume a shape that is thermodynamically degenerate with the homogeneous broken case, there is no smooth way for these less general solutions to approach a spatially constant shape
unless for the trivial case $M = 0$.}.
Nevertheless,
numerical results show how the onsets of the two phases occur at roughly the same value of chemical potential, with a slightly larger window for the real sinusoidal modulation.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{spiral5.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{cos1d5.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Amplitude and wave number at $T=0$ as functions of the chemical
potential for the CDW ansatz, Eq.~(\ref{eq:spiral}) (left)
and for sinusoidal modulations, Eq.~(\ref{eq:cos}) (right).}
\label{fig:cosspiral}
\end{figure}

\section{2D modulations}
While the study of one-dimensional modulations has been able to provide a
first insight on the importance of
spatial modulations of the chiral condensate,
it is natural to expect that also higher-dimensional modulations could
appear in the phase diagram of a 3+1 dimensional system.
Aside from being a more general ansatz, higher-dimensional modulations are also
unaffected by the instability with respect to fluctuations which prevents
the formation of a true 1D crystalline structure at finite temperature \cite{Baym:1982}.

The procedure for handling a higher-dimensional modulation is in principle
identical to that already outlined for the one-dimensional case.
However, for higher dimensions
no straightforward analytical results are available
and the numerical diagonalization involves a bigger matrix,
since one is dealing with two- or three-dimensional momenta in $\mathcal{H}$.

An obvious next step is to study two-dimensional modulations.
Then the thermodynamic potential takes the form

\begin{equation}
\Omega
= -N_f N_c\int_{-\infty}^\infty \frac{dp_\perp}{2\pi}\int_{BZ} \frac{d^2k}{(2\pi)^2} \sum_{\lambda_{\vec k}} T \log \left[ 2\cosh \left(\frac{E_\perp - \mu}{2T}\right) \right]
+ \Omega_\mathit{cond}
\,,
\label{eq:omega2d}
\end{equation}
where $p_\perp$ is the momentum perpendicular to the directions of the spatial modulation
and one introduces $E_\perp = sgn(\lambda_{\vec k})\sqrt{\lambda_{\vec k}^2 + p_\perp^2}$, with $\lambda_{\vec k}$ being the eigenvalues of the dimensionally-reduced $\mathcal{H}$, depending on the momentum $\vec k \in BZ$.

\subsection{Square modulation: egg carton}
Since there are no known results to guide the choice for the shape of the
spatial modulation, we should in principle study different geometries
of the two-dimensional crystal and for each of them
minimize the thermodynamic potential with respect to the Fourier components
$M_{\vec q}$ on the corresponding RL.
As a first step in this direction we consider a square lattice
and a simple product of cosines,
\begin{equation}
M(x,y) = \Delta \cos(Q x)\cos(Q y) \,,
\end{equation}
thus restricting ourselves to the first harmonics only in each direction.
This highly symmetric ``egg carton'' (shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:cos2d})
is possibly the simplest real modulation one could think of in
two dimensions.\footnote{This ansatz is equivalent to a modulation
of the form $M(x',y') = \Delta'[\cos(Q' x')+ \cos(Q'y')]$,
which is one of the shapes discussed in \cite{Kojo:2011}.
Here $\Delta' = \Delta/2$,
$Q' = \sqrt{2} Q$ and $(x',y')$ is related to $(x,y)$ by a
rotation of $\pi/4$ about the $z$-axis.}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{cos2dnoax.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{cos2dminima.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Left: Shape of the egg-carton modulation.
Right: Results for $Q$ and $\Delta$ obtained by numerical minimization of the
thermodynamic potential for this two-dimensional ansatz.}
\label{fig:cos2d}
\end{figure}
After diagonalizing $\mathcal{H}$ numerically, the thermodynamic potential (\ref{eq:omega2d}) is minimized with respect
to the two parameters $\Delta$ and $Q$, characterizing amplitude and period of the modulation, respectively.
The results of the numerical minimization are presented on the right-hand
side of Fig.~\ref{fig:cos2d}.
Their main features are in qualitative agreement with the one-dimensional
examples discussed before.
We find again a sharp onset around $\mu \approx 310$ MeV and a smooth
approach to the restored phase, which is reached at the same chemical
potential as for the 1D modulations via a second-order phase transition.

\subsection{Comparison of different crystalline phases}
\label{sec:freeen}

The results presented in Figs.~\ref{fig:cosspiral} and \ref{fig:cos2d}
have been obtained by assuming a single ansatz for the mass
modulation (CDW, cosine or egg carton) in each case.
Under this restriction we found that the different inhomogeneous phases
are energetically favored over the homogeneous solutions in a window,
which at $T=0$ and for our model parameters lies roughly between
$\mu \approx 300$ and $350$ MeV.

The next obvious step is now to compare the values of the thermodynamic
potential of these solutions with each other in order to find out
which of them has the lowest free energy.
In fact, for the one-dimensional modulations, we know already that the CDW
and the cosine are disfavored against the solitonic solutions,
but there could still be higher-dimensional modulations, which have
an even lower free energy than the latter.
In particular, it has been argued in the context of quarkyonic matter studies
that with increasing density such higher-dimensional solutions will be
favored, at least in the limit of a large number of
colors~ \cite{Kojo:2010,Kojo:2011}.
On the other hand, using Ginzburg-Landau (GL) arguments,
it has been argued that close to the Lifshitz point 1D modulations
should be favored over higher dimensional ones within this type of
models~\cite{Abuki:2011}.
We therefore focus on what happens for $T=0$, where a GL analysis is unable
to give reliable results.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.6\textwidth]{v6cfr6.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Comparison of thermodynamic potentials relative to the restored
phase for different kinds of modulations at $T=0$.}
\label{fig:cfrtp}
\end{figure}

The results of this comparison are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:cfrtp}.
One can clearly see that the solitonic solutions (\ref{eq:msolitons}) lead
to the biggest gain in free energy compared to all the other cases considered.
The two-dimensional ``egg-carton'', on the other hand, turns out to be
energetically disfavored with respect to one-dimensional real modulations
throughout the whole inhomogeneous window, while still being favored over
the chiral density wave ansatz (\ref{eq:spiral}).

While a thorough discussion will require the study of several kinds of
2D modulations, these preliminary results seem to indicate that the gain in
condensation energy
is not enough to compensate the greater kinetic energy cost due to the
presence of a condensate varying in more than one spatial dimensions, and
thus 1D modulations remain the most favored.

 \section{PNJL and large $N_c$}
In order to mimic features of confinement, in particular to suppress the contribution of free constituent
quarks in the confined phase and to include gluonic contributions to the pressure,
the NJL model can be coupled to an effective description of the Polyakov loop \cite{Meisinger:1995ih,Fukushima:2003fw,Megias:2004hj,Ratti:2005jh}.
To this end, the quarks are minimally coupled to a
background gauge field.
Furthermore, a local potential $\mathcal{U}$,
which is essentially constructed to reproduce ab-initio results of
pure Yang-Mills theory at finite temperature,
is added to the thermodynamic potential.
The resulting model
is known as the PNJL model, and within the mean-field treatment
the traced expectation value of the Polyakov loop, $\ell$,
becomes a new quantity which has to be determined self-consistently.

This extension is also possible when dealing with inhomogeneous
phases and has been investigated in Ref.~\cite{CNB:2010} under the simplifying
assumption that the Polyakov loop expectation value $\ell$ is spatially
uniform.
It was found that the effects of coupling
to the Polyakov loop basically amount to stretching the phase diagram
towards higher temperatures, since the effective confinement
suppresses the thermal excitation of single quarks.

On the other hand, the PNJL model has also been used to investigate the
influence of the number of colors on the phase
diagram~\cite{McLerran:2008ua}.
Here the coupling to the Polyakov loop is crucial, since the
NJL mean-field results without Polyakov loop are $N_c$-independent.
The study of Ref.~\cite{McLerran:2008ua} was restricted to homogeneous
phases, and its main focus was to see how the region of confined but
chirally restored matter develops.
Some time ago, this was thought to be a possible manifestation of
quarkyonic matter, whereas according to the present picture
chiral symmetry is inhomogeneously broken in the quarkyonic
phase~\cite{Kojo:2009ha,Kojo:2010,Kojo:2011}.
Therefore, since the latter has been derived in the large-$N_c$ limit,
it is particularly interesting to combine the approaches of
Refs.~\cite{CNB:2010} and \cite{McLerran:2008ua}, and to study the
behavior of the inhomogeneous phase in the PNJL model at large
$N_c$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.32\textwidth]{largeN_nc3v7.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.32\textwidth]{largeN_nc10v4.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.32\textwidth]{largeN_nc50v2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{PNJL phase diagram varying the number of colors:
$N_c=3$ (left), $N_c=10$ (center), $N_c=50$ (right).
The shaded region indicates the inhomogeneous phase.}
\label{fig:PNJL}
\end{figure}

As the exact implementation of the Polyakov-loop expectation value
is not unique at arbitrary $N_c$, we follow Ref.~\cite{McLerran:2008ua}
and change the function $f_\mathit{med}$, Eq.~(\ref{eq:fmed}),
in the thermodynamic potential into

\begin{eqnarray}
f_{med} &=&
\theta(E_p-\mu)
\ell\, T \left( e^{-(E_p-\mu)/T} + e^{-(E_p+\mu)/T} \right)
\nonumber
\\
&+& \theta(\mu-E_p)\left[ (\mu-E_p)
{}+ \ell\,T \left( e^{-(\mu-E_p)/T} +
e^{-(\mu+E_p)/T} \right) \right] \,,
\end{eqnarray}
which basically amounts to a leading-order expansion for small $\ell$ and
is as such expected to be accurate at large $N_c$ in the confined phase.
For the shape of the inhomogeneous modulations we consider the
one-dimensional solitonic ansatz, Eq.~(\ref{eq:msolitons}).

Our results for $N_c =$ 3, 10 and 50 are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:PNJL}.
By increasing the number of colors, the inhomogeneous phase is enlarged and
stretches towards higher temperatures, approaching the upper limit given by
the pure glue transition temperature ($T_c=270$ MeV in our parametrization of
the Polyakov loop potential).
The transition lines between homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases
become more and more vertical, assuming a shape resembling the expected form
for the phase diagram in the large $N_c$ limit \cite{McLerran:2007qj}.
The size of the inhomogeneous phase is not dramatically enhanced in the $\mu$ direction.
In fact, in the PNJL model the Polyakov loop decouples from the NJL sector
at $T=0$. Therefore, since the latter is $N_c$-independent in mean-field
approximation, the transitions at $T=0$ are unchanged.

 \section{The inhomogeneous continent}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{continent_v5.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{spiralm300v4.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{
Left: Phase diagram with inhomogeneous island and continent.
Right: Amplitude and wave number for the CDW ansatz at $T=0$
using Pauli-Villars regularization.
}
\label{fig:continent}
\end{figure}

An unexpected feature emerges, when we extend our studies of the phase
diagram to higher values of $\mu$.
As shown in  Fig.~\ref{fig:continent}, above some critical value of the
chemical potential a second inhomogeneous phase appears, which seems to
extend to arbitrarily high $\mu$ with steadily growing amplitude and
wave number of the spatial modulation.
This inhomogeneous ``continent'' is present for all kinds of spatial
modulations we considered, and its onset is again given by a second-order
phase transition.
In this case, GL analyses reveal that the phase boundary is the same for
all inhomogeneous solutions~\cite{Nickel:2009prl}.
Within some parametrizations, especially when one chooses a stronger coupling
to enforce a larger value of the constituent quark mass in vacuum,
the continent turns out to be even directly connected to the
inhomogeneous island discussed until now.
In fact, indications for this behavior are already visible in
Ref.~\cite{Nickel:2009}.

Since the continent appears at relatively high chemical potentials
and with large wave numbers, the first natural
interpretation for it is that it is an artifact of the regularization.
While this might indeed be the case, we will argue that the effect is
at least non-trivial.
In order to achieve some better understanding on the observed behavior,
it might be worth analyzing in detail the mechanisms that within the model
lead to the formation of an inhomogeneous condensate.
Since, as argued above, we expect these considerations to be roughly
independent of the particular ansatz chosen for the spatial modulation,
we focus on the simplest possible case, namely the CDW (\ref{eq:spiral}).

In this case, we obtain for the thermodynamic potential
\begin{equation}
\Omega - \Omega_\mathit{rest}
= -N_fN_c\int_0^\infty \hspace{-3mm}
dE\, [\rho(E,M,Q)- \rho_\mathit{rest}(E)]
[f_\mathit{vac}(E,\Lambda) + f_\mathit{med}(E)] + \frac{M^2}{4G},
\label{eq:omega_minus_omegarest}
\end{equation}
where the integral corresponds to the kinetic term $\Omega_\mathit{kin}$,
Eq.~(\ref{eq:omegarho}),
and the $M^2$-term to the condensate term $\Omega_\mathit{cond}$,
Eq.~(\ref{eq:Omegacond}).
We have subtracted the free energy of the restored phase
and explicitly indicated the dependence of the different terms
on the Pauli-Villars cutoff $\Lambda$, the amplitude $M$ and the wave number $Q$
of the CDW.
In particular we note that only the function $f_\mathit{vac}$ depends
on the regularization whereas only the density of states depends on
the wave number.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{f_600.eps}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{rho_cdw.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Functions entering the integrand in the thermodynamic
potential, Eq.~(\ref{eq:omega_minus_omegarest}).
Left: The red solid line represents the Pauli-Villars regularized function
$f_\mathit{vac}$, corresponding to the  Dirac sea contribution,
while the blue dashed line indicates the sum $f_\mathit{vac}+f_\mathit{med}$
at $T=0$ and $\mu = 600$~MeV.
The two lines coincide above $E=\mu$, since the medium does not contribute
beyond that point.
Right: Density of states $\rho(E,M,Q)$ relative to the
restored case, $\rho_\mathit{rest}(E)\equiv\rho(E,0,0)$, for
homogeneous condensates with
$M=300$~MeV (red dashed line), $M=100$~MeV (green dash-dotted
line), and for a CDW with $M=100$~MeV, $Q=1000$~MeV (blue solid line).
}
\label{fig:omegaintegrand}
\end{figure}

Since the condensate term always disfavors (homogeneous or inhomogeneous)
chiral symmetry breaking, a necessary condition for a non-trivial
phase is that the first term is negative, \ie the integral must be
positive.
The functions which enter the integrand are displayed in
Fig.~\ref{fig:omegaintegrand} for several cases.
As shown in the left panel, the Pauli-Villars regularized vacuum function
$f_\mathit{vac}$ (red solid line) is negative for all energies.
Hence, in vacuum, the density of states minus its value for the chirally
restored solution should be negative as well to obtain a positive
integrand.
Indeed, as seen on the right, for $Q=0$ the difference
$\rho - \rho_\mathit{rest}$ is always negative and its absolute value increases
with increasing $M$.
Thus, a larger constituent quark mass leads to an increase of the
free-energy gain in the kinetic term, which is stabilized by
the condensate term at some optimum value of $M$.
This is the usual mechanism for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in
vacuum.

In contrast to $f_\mathit{vac}$, the function $f_\mathit{med}$ is positive.
Hence, when medium effects are included, the sum $f_\mathit{vac}+f_\mathit{med}$
becomes less and less negative at small energies until it eventually changes
sign.
As an example the case $T=0$, $\mu = 600$~MeV is shown in the left panel of
Fig.~\ref{fig:omegaintegrand} (blue dashed line).
Since at $T=0$ the medium only contributes to energies $E<\mu$, the sum
$f_\mathit{vac}+f_\mathit{med}$ remains negative at large energies,
but altogether the formation of homogeneous condensates, related to a
negative function $\rho - \rho_\mathit{rest}$, becomes progressively
disfavored by the medium contributions,
thus leading to chiral restoration if we restrict ourselves to $Q=0$.

The situation changes, however, when we allow for a CDW with $Q> 2M$.
In this case $\rho - \rho_\mathit{rest}$ is {\it positive} at small energies
and changes sign at $E \approx Q/2 - M^2/(2Q)$ (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:omegaintegrand}, blue solid line on the right).
Hence, by properly choosing $Q$, it can be achieved that the factors
$f_\mathit{vac}+f_\mathit{med}$ and $\rho - \rho_\mathit{rest}$ have the
same sign for all energies, thus more or less optimizing the free energy
gain in the kinetic part of the thermodynamic potential.
As $f_\mathit{vac}+f_\mathit{med}$ changes sign slightly below $E=\mu$
at large $\mu$, this estimate yields $Q \approx 2\mu$ for the
favored value.

These arguments support the statement that the formation of an
inhomogeneous chiral condensate is a medium-induced
effect~\cite{Kojo:2009ha,Sadzikowski:2000,NT:2004}.
In our case it is technically related to the fact that both,
$\rho - \rho_\mathit{rest}$ with $Q>2M$ and $f_\mathit{med}$,
are positive at small energies.
Therefore, since none of these functions but only the vacuum term
is affected by the regularization,
the appearance of the continent does not immediately look like
a regularization artifact.

Of course, the dynamical formation of the inhomogeneous condensate
eventually depends on the interplay of $f_\mathit{vac}$ and $f_\mathit{med}$,
and the explicit expression for the Dirac sea term will naturally influence
the quantitative details.
For example, by allowing for a larger cutoff $\Lambda$, the vacuum part
becomes larger and the second continent is shifted to higher
chemical potentials. However, the same is true for the standard chiral
phase transition between homogeneous phases, where this is usually not
considered to be a major problem.

The existence of the inhomogeneous continent is not restricted to
Pauli-Villars regularization, but the very same behavior is also present
when the vacuum term is regularized following the Schwinger proper-time
prescription.
On the other hand, when the thermodynamic potential is regularized by
introducing a three-momentum cutoff,
it is clear from Eq.~(\ref{eq:mfH}), that a restriction of the in-
and outgoing momenta also restricts the size of the wave number to which
they can couple.
Hence, large values of $Q$ are strongly disfavored and
the second inhomogeneous phase, if it exists at all, cannot extend to
arbitrary large values of $\mu$.
However, unlike the previous examples, this is {\it obviously} a
regularization effect, since the suppression of large $Q$ is directly
caused by the cutoff.
In fact, for this reason the use of a three-momentum cutoff was
abandoned in Ref.~\cite{NB:2009}
in the context of inhomogeneous color superconductors.\footnote{
For the same reason the authors of Ref.~\cite{Kojo:2011} introduce
a form factor, which restricts the quark momenta to the vicinity of
the Fermi surface, rather than to small absolute values.}

An example where large values of $Q$ are suppressed in a seemingly more
physical way is the quark-meson (QM) model, defined by the Lagrangian

\begin{equation}
 \mathcal{L}_{QM} = \bar\psi (i\gamma^\mu\partial_\mu - g(\sigma + i\gamma^5\tau_a \pi^a))\psi -\frac{1}{2}(\partial_\mu\sigma\partial^\mu\sigma
 + \partial_\mu\pi^a\partial^\mu\pi_a)
 + \mathcal{U}(\sigma,\pi) \,.
 \label{eq:LQM}
 \end{equation}
 %
Here $\sigma$ and $\vec \pi$ are elementary meson fields and
$\mathcal{U}$ is a Mexican-hat type meson potential, leading to spontaneous
chiral symmetry breaking.
While NJL and QM model are formally quite similar, in the latter the vacuum
contribution is usually omitted when performing a mean-field treatment.
On the other hand, for CDW ansatz, which for the QM model reads
$\sigma(\vec x) = f_\pi \cos(\vec Q\cdot \vec x)$,
$\pi^3(\vec x) = f_\pi \sin(\vec Q\cdot \vec x)$,
the kinetic term of the mesons yields a contribution
\begin{equation}
    \Omega_\mathit{kin}^\mathit{mesons} = \frac{1}{2} f_\pi^2 Q^2\,,
\label{eq:Omegakinmesons}
\end{equation}
which suppresses large values of $Q$
(see Ref.~\cite{Broniowski:2011} for more details).
As a result, the inhomogeneous continent is not present in the QM model,
as far as we can tell numerically.

From this one might naively conclude that the emergence of the continent
in the NJL model is due to absence of derivative terms in the Lagrangian.
However, it is well known that in the NJL model the contribution
(\ref{eq:Omegakinmesons}) is already contained in the vacuum part of the
thermodynamic potential, which carries a dependence on $Q$ through
the energy spectrum~\cite{Broniowski:2011,NT:2004,NT:2004b}.
Indeed, if one expands
\begin{equation}
    \Omega_\mathit{vac}(M,Q) = \Omega_\mathit{vac}(M,0)
    + \beta_\mathit{vac,2}\,Q^2 + \beta_\mathit{vac,4}\,Q^4 + \dots
\label{eq:Omegaexpand}
\end{equation}
one can show in a regularization independent way that the so-called
spin stiffness is given by
\begin{equation}
\beta_\mathit{vac,2} = \frac{1}{2}f_\pi^2 \,,
\label{eq:q2term}
\end{equation}
giving rise to a term like Eq.~(\ref{eq:Omegakinmesons})
in the thermodynamic potential.
Hence, if we were allowed to neglect all other terms in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:Omegaexpand}), we could conclude that large values of
$Q$ and, thus, the inhomogeneous continent are suppressed in the same way
as in the QM model.
However, in the continent region, $Q$ is certainly not small
(compared with $M$ or $f_\pi$).
In any case, it is clear that the stability against large values of
$Q$ cannot be discussed in terms of a Taylor expansion for small $Q$.

We therefore look at the higher orders in the series in order to get an
idea how these additional contributions (which become more and more relevant
at higher values of $Q$) influence the previous considerations.
In particular the coefficient of the $Q^4$-term is dimensionless and
therefore expected to stay finite, even if the cutoff is sent to infinity.
For instance, if we employ proper-time regularization
(see \eg Ref.~\cite{NT:2004}), we obtain
\begin{equation}
  \beta_\mathit{vac,4}
  \,=\, - 2 N_f N_c\,e^{-M^2/\Lambda^2}
  \frac{\Lambda^2 - M^2}{192\Lambda^2\pi^2}
  \;=\; -\frac{N_f N_c}{81\pi^2} + {\cal O}(\frac{M^2}{\Lambda^2})
  \,.
  \label{eq:q4term}
\end{equation}
The most important observation is that this term is negative, \ie
it weakens the effect of the $Q^2$-term.
Although the value of the coefficient is relatively small,
the $Q^4$-term dominates the $Q^2$-term when
$Q$ is of the order of 10 times $f_\pi$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.5\textwidth]{seriesQ2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Proper-time regularized vacuum thermodynamic potential for a
CDW with fixed amplitude $M=100$~MeV as a function of the wave number $Q$,
using parameters from \cite{NT:2004}.
The value for $Q=0$ has been subtracted. The full result (black solid line)
is compared with the Taylor series truncated at order $Q^2$ (red dashed line)
and order $Q^4$ (blue dotted line).
}
\label{fig:OmegaTaylor}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:OmegaTaylor} we compare the full
proper-time regularized vacuum thermodynamic potential with the
results of a Taylor expansion to the orders $Q^2$ and $Q^4$.
In agreement with our considerations above, the $Q^2$-result gets
reduced by the higher orders.
Although the effect is overestimated by the $Q^4$-term, this leads
to a much more moderate increase of $\Omega_\mathit{vac}$ in the
continent region. As a consequence, the vacuum contributions do
not disfavor the formation of a CDW strongly enough in this region
to compete with the favoring effects of the medium contributions.

A very systematic investigation of the large-$Q$ behavior of the
vacuum effective potential has been performed more than 20 years
ago in Ref.~\cite{Broniowski:1990gb}.
Although it turned out that the exact behavior beyond the
universal $Q^2$-order is strongly regularization dependent,
in all cases considered, $\Omega_\mathit{vac}$ eventually becomes
negative, meaning that even the vacuum is unstable against the formation
of a CDW with very large $Q$.
While this is clearly unphysical and should therefore be ignored,
there is no reason why corrections to the $Q^2$-terms should
not be present at all.
Unfortunately, these corrections are very model dependent and
theoretical input from outside is needed to pin them down.
In fact, inhomogeneous phases at arbitrary large $\mu$ have been
predicted for the $1+1$-dimensional Gross-Neveu model~\cite{Thies:2006ti}
as well as for QCD in the large-$N_c$
limit~\cite{Deryagin:1992}\footnote{For $N_c=3$, they are, however,
disfavored against color superconductivity~\cite{Shuster:1999}.}.
Therefore, the continent may be not as exotic as it appears.

\section{Conclusions}

We presented some of our recent results related to inhomogeneous
chiral symmetry breaking phases in the NJL model.
Thereby one focus was a comparison of different spatial modulations
of the chiral condensate, including an ``egg carton''-like two dimensional
ansatz and several one-dimensional functions.
For all of them we observed the emergence of an inhomogeneous ``island''
around the region where the usual first-order chiral phase transition
would occur for homogeneous phases.

A comparison of the free energies at $T=0$
seems to support the idea that one-dimensional
modulations are favored over higher dimensional ones.
In particular, solitonic solutions~\cite{Nickel:2009}
inspired by analytical studies of 1+1-dimensional models
seem to constitute the favored state.
While only one kind of two-dimensional
ansatz has been considered so far, it may very well be that this feature
is valid in general for all kinds of 2D modulations.
In fact, it has already been argued in a Ginzburg-Landau study
that this is the case in proximity of the critical point~\cite{Abuki:2011}.

The inhomogeneous island also exists in the Polyakov-loop extended
NJL model. In this framework we have studied the effects of varying
the number of colors on the phase diagram.
We found that with increasing $N_c$ the inhomogeneous phase is
stretched towards higher temperatures so that the boundaries
between homogeneous and inhomogeneous phases become more and more
vertical. On the other hand, the size of the inhomogeneous phase in
the $\mu$ direction is not enhanced dramatically.

Finally, we investigated the origin of the inhomogeneous ``continent'',
\ie a second inhomogeneous phase which appears in our calculations at
higher chemical potential and does not seem to end.
We discussed the reliability of our model in the region where the
continent appears, focusing on effects of the regularization process.
It turned out that the continent is not the result of a {\it trivial}
cutoff artifact but, unfortunately, regularization dependencies,
including a known vacuum instability~\cite{Broniowski:1990gb},
preclude the model from giving definite answers about the phase structure
in this regime.

\bigskip

We thank the organizers for a very interesting workshop.
Travel support by HIC for FAIR (S.C.) and by
the DFG under contract BU 2406/1-1 (M.B.) is gratefully acknowledged.
This work was partially supported by
the Helmholtz Alliance EMMI,
the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR,
and by the Helmholtz Research School for Quark Matter Studies H-QM.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Подазовское городище — памятник археологии, город Патарва (Παταρούη), который расположен на западной окраине города Азов в Ростовской области.

История
Датой возникновения Подазовского городища исследователи называют I век до нашей эры. Просуществовало оно примерно до III столетия нашей эры. Территория городища была окружена рвом, расстояние от рва до жилья было минимальным. Жилища строили подквадратным в плане с заокругленными углами. Основные характеристики жилья: глинобитный пол и стены из камыша, высота которых составляла 2,5 метра. Между домами были сделаны узкие проходы, ширина которых составляла около 1 метр. Перед домами проходила улица, длина которой составляла около 5 метров. К улице дома были повернуты тыльной стороной. Перед домами были выкопаны ямы, у которых имелось разное предназначение: в них хранили зерновые культуры, делали погреб или могли использовать для хранения мусора. Городище представляло собой единое меотское поселение, которое окружал ров, и которое было разделено на нижнюю и верхнюю часть. На восток от основных построек располагалась площадь неукрепленного городища.

Подазовское городище известно с 1911 года. В 1960—1970-х годах проводились его раскопки. Руководил археологическими работами И. С. Каменецкий. Укрепленная территория городища составляла 3300 квадратных метров. На Подазовском городище археологи обнаружили остатки строения, для создания которых использовались жердины, камыш, который было необходимо обмазывать глиной. Найденные остатки размещались одна рядом с другой и составляли своеобразный ансамбль. По результатам раскопок была сделана реконструкция хижины в масштабе 1: 2 участниками реставрационной студенческой группы одного из университетов в 1976 году. При реконструкции были сохранены все конструктивные элементы: купольная печь, очаг и лежанки.

Современность
В 2021 году на часть территории городища, которая отдана в аренду, выдано разрешение на проведение строительных работ. По документам Подазовское городище — это просто участок земли: ни в генеральный план, ни в правила землепользования, ни в Росреестр особых отметок об объекте культурного наследия не внесено. На время разбирательства строительные работы на земле древних меотов приостановлены.

См. также
 Крепостное городище — существовало одновременно с Подазовским, находясь вблизи от него.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Подазовское городище на Викимапии

Городища Ростовской области
История Азова

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AISS (Amiga Image Storage System) is a system to maintain toolbar images under AmigaOS. A set of basic toolbar images is included.
Now the Pegasos Review of Professor Peruggi has been upgraded to version 1.1. Lots of informations are enhanced, and lots of screenshots added to obtain better aspect and improved understandability. Now on the site of pegasos-italia is available a choice screen to choose between English and Italian version.


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About MPOG
The Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) is a consortium of more than 50 hospitals. We seek to improve patient care using electronic healthcare data. Since its inception in 2008 MPOG has developed policies, procedures, and the technical infrastructure required to conduct large scale research, create quality improvement initiatives, educate caregivers, and guide healthcare administration.
MPOG uses electronic health record and administrative data to analyze the interplay between patient comorbidities, surgical procedure, perioperative care, interventions, and postoperative outcomes. By combining data with a culture of collaboration, MPOG creates an environment of performance improvement and research using priorities driven by its members. More than 14 million anesthetic cases integrated across >50 hospitals represent the most comprehensive and detailed global perioperative anesthesiology registry.
Our dedicated team of clinicians, quality improvement experts, software developers, statisticians, researchers, and administrators uses its expertise to conduct about 20 prospective, retrospective and enhanced observational trials at any given time. We take a data-driven, collaborative approach to transform perioperative care through:
Assessing measure variation
Benchmarking ourselves to identify and implement best practices
Informing the practice of evidence-based medicine
Improving health resource utilization
Guiding health policy development
Building collaborative relationships across specialties, professions and hospitals
The MPOG Coordinating Center Team consists of doctors, nurses, programmers, statisticians, researchers and administrative staff.
The Executive Board is comprised of anesthesiology department chairs or head of practice of active/contributing member institutions.
MPOG consists of >50 member hospitals from across the United States and two in Europe.
Includes our mailing address, phone numbers, and directions to our office.
mpog-admin@med.umich.edu


text:
Executive Committee: Non-voting
Issue Caucuses
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Utah Democratic Offices
Join one of our subcommittees
UDP Calendar
Executive Director's Club
Chair's Circle
Chair's Cabinet
Interested in joining the volunteer team to make a difference? Our subcommittees are a great way to find your niche. Fill out the interest form.
Mobilization Standing Sub-committee
The Mobilization Standing Sub-committee of the Utah State Democratic Party shall be responsible for helping to create and implement a field program with the Utah State Democratic Party Executive Committee. This sub-committee should create workshops for County Democratic Party Officers, information for potential Democratic Party candidates, workshops and programs for volunteer training, and campaign workshops. This sub-committee shall also be responsible for initiating, building, and maintaining relationships with grassroots organizations aligned with the Utah State Democratic Party platform. Toward this end, the Mobilization Sub-committee shall work with the Utah State Democratic Party office to maintain a current and concrete list of volunteer opportunities.
Public Relations Standing Sub-committee
The Public Relations Standing Sub-committee of the Utah State Democratic Party shall be responsible for, but not limited to, formulating methods for highlighting information about the Utah State Democratic Party under the direction and subject to the approval of the State Executive Committee.
Fundraising Standing Sub-committee
The Fundraising Standing Sub-committee shall work under the direction of the Utah State Democratic Party Chair, Finance Director, and State Party Treasurer. The Fundraising Standing Sub-committee shall support fundraising efforts.
Technology Standing Sub-committee
The Technology Standing Sub-committee shall work with the Utah State Democratic Party Executive Committee to establish strategic goals for using technology, both at the State Party and for building the technology assets the Party provides to itself, staff, campaigns, and other committees. This sub-committee directs and manages all technology functions including data management, software engineering, analytics, information security, and project management.
Candidate Recruitment Standing Sub-committee
The Candidate Recruitment Standing Sub-committee shall help with candidate recruitment, targeting candidates, creating benchmarks in targeted races, and training candidates. In addition to the appointed sub-committee Chair, Vice-Chair, and Secretary, the Chair of County Chairs, the Chair of Issue Caucus Chairs, and four Regional Members — Central, North, East, West — are members of this sub-committee. This sub-committee shall be responsible for the recruitment of candidates for federal, statewide, and multi-county elected offices and for assisting the County Democratic Parties in recruiting candidates.
Public Policy and Platform Standing Sub-committee
The Public Policy and Platform Standing Sub-committee shall be responsible for submitting the platform or resolutions reports to the State Conventions; creating task forces to study issues for the Utah State Democratic Party; compiling research on issues for use by candidates for public elected office; and acting as advocates for issues endorsed by the State Central Committee. The Standing Sub-committee may also provide for the formation of sub-committees or task forces to study specific issues that include as part of their membership a designate of the Democratic Party Leadership of the Utah State Legislature, and other persons who can provide expert knowledge on the issues addressed by the task force.
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Sounders get another Roldan in SuperDraft
The Sounders Friday selected two players on the first day of the 2018 MLS SuperDraft at the Philadelphia Convention center, taking Seattle University midfielder Alex Roldan — younger brother of Sounders midfielder Cristian Roldan — with the 22nd pick in the first round and Duke defender Markus Fjortoft with the 22nd choice of the second round (45th overall).
Roldan, 21, started 82 games in four years at Seattle University, finishing his college career with 18 goals and 17 assists. In 2017, he scored six goals and led the Redhawks with eight assists, including assisting on the game-winning overtime goal at the University of Washington, where his brother played two seasons, in the NCAA Tournament Nov. 16. In 2016, he led his team with eight goals, including six game winners, in addition to three assists.
The Roldans are from Pico Rivera, CA.
Fjortoft, 24, played four seasons at Duke, starting all 74 games while recording seven goals and two assists and earning team Most Valuable Defensive Player honors in both 2016 and 2017. Prior to his time at Duke, Fjortoft, whose father, Jan Age, earned 71 caps with Norway, played on an academy team for Norwegian club Baerum SK.
The SuperDraft concludes Sunday via conference call. The Sounders hold one pick in the third round (68th overall selection).
SalishSea13
We needed a tall younger defender to enforce in the back pitch. SU has a great coach and program. Hope the younger Rodan has the same motor and guts to go after it as his brother does in the midfield position.


Sunbrella Spectrum Caribou 48083 has a Dark Brown color base with a tiny natural pin stripe that runs vertically. Please order a swatch to experience the fabric.
Sunbrella Spectrum is a variation of Canvas with a slight ribbed pattern, and is appropriate for both indoor and outdoor upholstery applications. Sunbrella Spectrum is soft to the touch and has the feel of cotton. Perfect for Outdoor Curtains, Tablecloths, Cushions and Pillows.


Home/Technology/OFAC levies another HUGE penalty. Will you be next?
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) released information on October 20th about yet another violation of their sanctions program and the dollar amount is sure to raise some eyebrows.
Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank (CA-CIB) settled their civil liability for apparent violations of multiple sanctions programs. For a number of years, dating back to 2003 and up to and including 2008, CA-CIB and some of it's operating entities processed thousands of transactions to or through U.S. financial institutions that involved countries and/or persons subject to the sanctions regulations administered by OFAC.
OFAC determined that CA-CIB did not voluntarily self-disclose these apparent violations, and that the apparent violations constituted an egregious case. The initial monetary penalties in this case were nearly $1.5 Billion ! Ultimately CA-CIB agreed to settle with OFAC the apparent violations of OFAC regulations for nearly $330 Million.
There is a lot to this case for the casual observer to consider; the most obvious element is how incredibly high the dollar amounts have grown in these cases. The impact of these fines, at these levels, would be crippling to many companies and to the employees that allow this to happen on their "watch." Of course in the cases of CA-CIB, they were found to be in egregious violation and they did not self-disclose, but we have observed in many instances where the wrong-doing company was not in "egregious" violation and they did self-disclose there are still very hefty fines to pay.
The message we are hearing from the Office of Foreign Assets Control is that they are looking everywhere in pursuit of violations even as far back as 2003. Ignorance is not an excuse and companies are expected to have a program in place to identify any suppliers or business partners that show up on these sensitive watch lists – and it is not enough to pre-screen or screen suppliers at the time of set up. As per the OFAC rules, companies must remain constantly vigilant to ensure that suppliers do not move onto any watch lists even after they have been on boarded as a supplier. The responsibility rests on you!
For questions about how your company can avoid the risk of working with companies on the OFAC list and threat of enormous monetary penalties read about the Lavante OFAC compliance solution.
You can also read more about the growing presence of OFAC and the growing volume of penalties an our informative white paper available for free download from our website.


For the Marlboro County Bulldogs and their fans, last Friday was very sweet. The Bulldogs snapped a losing streak to Scotland County that dated back to 2011, coming from behind for a 41-25 victory.
"This was a big one for us. We haven't had any success against Scotland in a while and given how close the communities are to each other, that has been a tough pill to swallow," said MCHS head coach Dean Boyd.
Following two blowout victories, the buzz about the Marlboro County High football team has increased exponentially. Folks who had written the Bulldogs off following a pair of lackluster seasons are lining up to hop back on the bandwagon.
Head coach Dean Boyd warns those fans to pump the brakes just a little.
The Marlboro County High football team is scheduled to wrap up spring practice this afternoon. Weather permitting, the Bulldogs will play the Black and Gold spring scrimmage, beginning at 3 p.m.
Former Marlboro County High football standout player and assistant coach Kelvin Roller has been named the head football coach and athletic director at Georgetown High School.


The latest Brand Trust Index from the Gustavson School of Business at University of Victoria includes several banks; but way down the list.
The annual rankings poll more than 6,500 Canadians to assess trust levels in brands and companies across 26 industry sectors on a range of brand value measures.
Topping the list for 2017 is MEC followed by the CAA and Costco. Payments firm Interac is the only financial services firm in the top 10 with Visa, MasterCard and PayPal further down the list.
For mortgage lenders, TD is the highest placed at 73, Tangerine is at 77, Scotiabank at 103, BMO and RBC tie at 117, CIBC is at 129 and National Bank is at 172.


Need Custom Aluminum Property Signs in Portland OR? We Do That!
Aluminum, or as the British call it "AL-U-minium," is the most popular metal used in signage these days. It isn't even close. Aluminum is the belle of the ball because it doesn't decompose or rust. And, it's one of the most durable materials around despite its low weight. And, aluminum signs project an image of quality when you're going for a perfectly smooth finish. So, it only makes sense to install aluminum property signs in Portland, OR when you want something that'll stand up to the Pacific Northwest weather. Let's look at what options are available with these markers and what sets them apart.
Standard Aluminum Panels – Your average aluminum panel comes in three sizes: .040" gauge, .063" gauge, and heavy duty .080" thick aluminum. These panels are made of solid metal and are ideal for high traffic areas, wet conditions, and installed on heavy machinery.
ARMOUR-Wood – Compared to traditional aluminum, ARMOUR-Wood signs are much stronger since they're reinforced with a wood shell. In fact, this is the strongest of all of the rigid sign panels. In other words, these are the ones you want for your shooting range if you're not afraid of ricochet.
Dibond – Dibond panels have a solid plastic core. They're perfect for wall-mounted signs, panels installed on posts, and smaller hanging signs since they don't weigh much. Dibond is the preferred choice when you're looking for something stiffer than standard gauge aluminum.
Alumalite – Aluminum sheets reinforce either side of a coroplast panel. For how durable Alumalite is, it's surprisingly easy to handle and install.
Panels Are Great, But What Can You Do with Them?
Aluminum panels are kind of pointless if you can't put the info you need on them. This is where our mighty sign makers and their vinyl graphics come to the rescue. Your aluminum property signs are totally customizable. Want a message that tells people to stop dumping? No problem! Want dogs to stop dumping? We can help with that. We can also help with non-dumping related signs as well!
Here's how it works: when you're ready for aluminum property signs in Portland, OR, you give our guys a call. We meet with you and discuss what you have in mind for the project. Based on your vision, we provide you with art proofs of exactly what your new marker will look like. Once you're happy with the look, we print it out on top-quality vinyl, adhere it to the aluminum panel, slap on some vinyl overlay to protect the graphics, and install it for you.
Are you ready to get started? If so, contact the mighty sign makers at Specialty Graphic Solutions today!
I need Custom Aluminum Property Signs!


3. You can speak in the name of Jesus and not be saved.
4. You can drive out demons in the name of Jesus and not be saved.
5. You can work miracles in the name of Jesus and not be saved.
6. You can have a zeal for God and not be saved.
7. You can evangelize the world for God and not be saved.
8. You can seek to have eternal life and not be saved.
9. You can profess to know God and not be saved.
10. You can follow and serve Jesus Christ and not be saved.


text:
Q: How to calculate sum of numbers separated by a special symbol? Suppose I have a string containing the following:
'*as**4fgdfgd*vv**6fdfd5***5'

String  contains numbers, letters, and a special symbol such as an asterisk.

*

*I need to find the sum of numbers (4,6) (5,5) separated by asterisk.

*The number of asterisks between two numbers must be equal to 3.

*Return True if sum of every pair is equal to 10.

Examples:

*

**as**4fgdfgd*vv**6fdfd5***5 returns True.

*ssss*0***10jkj* **0***10 returns True.

*5***5***5 returns True because there 3 asterisks between the numbers and sum equals 10.

*8**2 returns False

My Code So far:

my_str = "*as**4fgdfgd*vv**6fdfd5***5"

my_digits = [int(x) for x in my_str if x.isnumeric()]

print(sum(my_digits))

A: You can use a regex to find pairs of numbers that are separated by 3 asterisks, then convert the found numbers to int and add them, returning true if all pairs add to 10. Note that because you want overlapping matches, we need to use a lookahead as described in this question.
def all_tens(my_str):
    pairs = re.findall(r'(?=(?<!\d)(\d+)(?:[^*\d]*\*){3}[^*\d]*(\d+))', my_str)
    return len(pairs) > 0 and all(sum(map(int, pair)) == 10 for pair in pairs)

strs = [
 '*as**4fgdfgd*vv**6fdfd5***5', 'ssss*0***10jkj* **0***10', '5***5***5', '8**2', '5***5***4'
]
for s in strs:
    print(f'{s} : {all_tens(s)}')

Output:
*as**4fgdfgd*vv**6fdfd5***5 : True
ssss*0***10jkj* **0***10 : True
5***5***5 : True
8**2 : False
5***5***4 : False

Regex explanation:
(?=(?<!\d)(\d+)(?:[^*\d]*\*){3}[^*\d]*(\d+)(?!\d))

*

*(?= a lookahead (we use this to allow overlapping matches)

*(?<!\d) the preceding character must not be a digit

*(\d+) some digits, captured in group 1

*(?:[^*\d]*\*){3} 3 sets of an asterisk, which may be preceded by some number of characters which are neither asterisks or digits

*[^*\d]* some number of characters which are not asterisk or digits

*(\d+) some digits, captured in group 2


text:
Home Artist celebrities Tom Cruise Birthday: Celebrate 57th Birthday with unknown facts & most defining...
Tom Cruise Birthday: Celebrate 57th Birthday with unknown facts & most defining action scenes, Checkout!
Today! Cruise birthday.
A Hollywood dreamboat who's not afraid to get down and dirty, that's Tom Cruise for you. The '80s heartthrob/Scientologist/movie star has turned 57th. Tom Cruise Birthday Celebrate 57th with unknown facts & most defining action scenes.
For his birthday today, we give you his most daring stunts (most of them from the Mission: Impossible films) till date. So the thing with Cruise is that he likes to do his stunts himself.
About Tom Cruise
Tom Cruise is one of the biggest and successful actors in the world. The Top Gun actor was in the news when Justin Bieber took to his Twitter page and challenge the actor for an MMA fight.
While the Baby singer later reveals that it was a just a random tweet. As per TMZ report, Bieber has now agreed for the match and much to our surprise. The Co-CEO of the William Morris Endeavor agency that owns UFC. Ari Emanuel had a word with Justin's manager Scooter Braun who reportedly gave a nod for the match if only Tom Cruise is also ready for it from his side.
While we will have to wait for the match to actually take place, the Oblivion actor is celebrating his birthday today. In terms of filmography, Cruise has several hits to his credits. Including The Last Samurai, Top Gun: Maverick, Rain Man, Mission: Impossible among others.
Over the years, he has been declaring as one of the sexiest men alive by numerous magazines. Cruise is a recipient of many awards and accolades. Including three Golden Globe Awards, MTV Movie Awards, Blockbuster Entertainment Awards among others.
The actor is often in the news due to his personal life. It is a known fact that the actor has been married and divorced three times and has three children. Cruise and Nicole Kidman adopted two kids named Isabelle Jane and Connor Antony.
He welcomes a baby girl name Suri Cruise with his third wife Katie Holmes. Well, there's more to the actor other than his good looks, unforgettable performances in films and broken marriages.
Happy Birthday, Mr. Tom Cruise. Not quite time for a cocktail yet, though🍹
A post shared by Esquire UK (@ukesquire) on Jul 3, 2019 at 12:53am PDT
Today, on the occasion of his birthday, So we have compiled a list of unknown facts about the actor that will take you by surprise.
Thomas Cruise
Born on July 3, 1962, his real name is Thomas Cruise Mapother IV.
He is dyslexic
At seven years of age, Cruise was diagnosed with a learning disorder. However, he overcame it by practising Scientology.
He wanted to be a Priest
The Top Gun once desired to become a Priest. However, that didn't happen and so the actor took up acting.
The cruise was first to offer the role of Iron Man
Though it's hard to imagine Cruise as Iron Man now. Before Robert Downey Jr., Cruise was offered the role of Iron Man which he turns down.
His marriages ended when his wives were 33 years old
Isn't that surprising? It's true that Tom Cruise divorced his ex-wives when they all were 33-years-old.
He has never won an Oscar
It might be extremely hard to believe. But yes, despite being a part of so many amazing films, he has never won an Oscar.
Tom Cruise Day in Japan
Given the fact that Tom Cruise has made so many trips to Japan, on October 10, 2006. The Japan Memorial Day Association announce that they will celebrate October 10 as Tom Cruise Day. Tom Cruise Birthday Celebrate 57th with unknown facts & most defining action scenes, Checkout!
Cruise owned the '80s, thanks to his melt-your-heart persona. But in the '90s he transformed into a bonafide action star. And one of the most bankable actors in the business.
Here are five of his most defining action scenes.
1. Mission Impossible: Rogue Nation
Tom Cruise hangs from the side of an Airbus A400M being flown 5,000 ft in the air. So to make sure they got it right, he did the shot eight times. Just to give you a peek into risks involved: The star avoided fingernail-size debris. And which if it had hit him full force could have broken his ribs.
2. Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol
Tom jumps and then swings around the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa. Factor in that he is 3000ft above ground. Add the wind and chill and you have one helluva stunt. So Just to get an idea of how risky it was, Cruise had to fire the insurance company because they wouldn't give their go-ahead for the daring stunt.
3. Mission Impossible – Fallout
Tom has always been one of the best drivers in the business (remember Knight & Day?). But in the most recent MI movie, the actor rode a bike through the streets of Paris. So on one occasion against the direction of the traffic — in a high-power chase sequence. Without a helmet.
4.The Last Samurai
The final action scenes in this film are one of cinema's more inspired moments. Tom Cruise rides like a pro. And some of that physical technique is far more inspiring than all the wirework and harness-heavy stunts. Tom Cruise Birthday Celebrate 57th with unknown facts & most defining action scenes, Checkout!
5. Mission Impossible
If imitation is the best form of flattery, this has to be THE stunt. Tom Cruise breaks into Langley, suspended from wires. So as he hangs about 30 feet from the ground. So it is very clear that he is doing the stunt himself. Going by the actor's body contortions. And the obvious struggle to maintain his balance, it is obvious that this stunt took a lot of effort.
Happy Birthday, Tom!
Tom Cruise Birthday
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Two Days Ago, Thursday, December 6, 2018 ~ Another senseless and sad day is upon us as we receive and try to digest the news from Venezueula that ~ upon this day ~ former Astros Luis Valbuena and Jose Castillo both have been killed in a vehicle collision that occurred when their transportation car from a game in winter ball hit a large rock in the road that caused a multiple fatality wreck.
Four men have since been arrested as suspects in an apparently common practice down there in which robbers place these rocks on streets in targeted attempts to stop the cars of affluent travellers for the purpose of their robberies, dead or alive. The bodies of Valbuena and Castillo both had been pillaged at the scene and apparently some to all of their belongings had been found on the personage of the four men arrested.
"South America is a place in which the few ruling class members control all the wealth ~ and some of those got there in the most directly criminal ways ~ like the production, sale and movement of drugs to all places that are reachable by the cartels they have been established to the service of those aims.
Rest in Peace, Luis and Jose! ~ Know too that we fans loved you ~ and that we shall miss ever seeing either of you again playing the beautiful game of baseball!
This entry was posted on December 8, 2018 at 6:47 pm and is filed under Baseball, culture, History.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Thanks, Al. ~ Please know that I do actually know that it's Valbuena ~ and not Valenzuela, as originally derailed. I was simply lost in one of my far less gloriously anchored "Casey Stengel" moments. Please bear with me, folks. When I start making regularly published mistakes on my line of thought coherence, and not on simple name transferential error, I promise to stop writing altogether.
Please forgive me too, Luis Valbuena, Had I only done a few dozen thought-visual MIND SPEECH reps of the name "VALBUENA" with the phrase "BAT FLIPS" ~ this error most probably would not have occurred.
Line 2: Valenzuela ~ Salsa Zips" (~ WIth a Squeeze of Lime!
Say the thing quietly for 50 times, 3x a day, using both of the short name and phrase versions ~ or the expanding into poetic rhyme longer version. Take your pick.
When you get tired of doing the exercise by Day 2, what will you have learned?
In General: You will be nurturing distinct and separate memories of Valbuena and Valenzuela and be far less likely to mistake one for the other in any future expression context.


text:
Video Shows How Incredible Tobi Amusan Dressed to Receive Nationa...
Sports Sports News
Video Shows How Incredible Tobi Amusan Dressed to Receive National Award From President Buhari
October 12, 2022 Follow
Victorious 0 0 28 0
Video Shows How Incredible Tobi Amusan Dressed to Receive a National Award From President Buhari.
Read Also : #Tokyo: Tobi Amusan Failed To Win Nigeria First Medal
A video clip that captures the moment President Muhammadu Buhari presented Tobi Amusan with a national award has gone viral online.
On September 15, various national prizes were given to each member of Team Nigeria traveling to the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham.
The president praised the athletes' accomplishments at the games and called them victors, deserving ambassadors, and national heroes and heroines.
They received national accolades as Members of the Order of Nigeria (MON), while Tobi Amusan received special recognition as an Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON).
And on October 11, President Buhari presented national honors to 447 individuals, bringing the total number of Nigeria's recipients of national honors since 1963 to 5,341, according to Vanguard.
However, there was drama during the ceremony as some of the recipients, including music artistes, dressed in all kinds of manners, generating talking points.
Many have blasted some of the recipients for "disrespecting the office of the president of the Federal Republic," while using Tobi Amusan as a case study of how to behave during such a historic moment.
A video shows how Amusan was clad in a simple but elegant outfit as she walked up to the president before receiving the award.
While the audience clapped, the 25-year-old athlete shook hands with President Buhari as they posed for the camera before she greeted him once again and left.
A fan wrote:
"Well trained, well dressed and award well deserving. She's brought Nigeria glory."
Another added:
"What is the different between what teni did and what tobi did.. Habi my eye dey pain me…. Are people looking for the knees on the ground."
One said:
"Very respectful."
Tobi Amusan nominated for the World Athlete of the year award
Video Shows How Incredible Tobi Amusan Dressed to Receive a National Award From President Buhari. Sports Brief earlier reported that Tobi Amusan has reacted to her nomination for the World Athlete of the Year Award.
Amusan, who is having a sensational season, stunned the sporting world during the World Athletics Championships when she ran 12.12s at the semifinal stage in the Women's Hurdles.
The 25-year-old is now the world record holder as she also set another at the Commonwealth Games when she won gold with a time of 12.20secs in the final.
sports news video shows how incredible tobi amusan dressed to receive national award from president buhari new sports news raquo naijacrawl
Villarreal boss, Emery challenges Chukwueze to toughen up defensively
video: Paris Saint Germain 5 0 Monaco [France Cup] Highlights 2016/17
Ojo Sunday Victor, A Professional Graphics Designer, and a skilled Content Writer in Entertainment, News and Sport Update.!An Undergraduate in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH, Ogbomoso). Read More
Confederation of African Athletics crowns Amusan Female Athlete of the Year
Amusan is Africa's best, rated fifth in the world
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Chelsea boss Frank Lampard hails 'incredible' Billy Gilmour after Liverpool FA Cup win
LIONEL MESSI INCREDIBLE FREEKICK AGAINST VILLARREAL
Williams 869 0
lLionel Messi once again showed he's undisputed champion when it comes to freekick. Lionel once again showed why he's the GOAT.Lionel Messi first scored a Panenka freekick in Barcelona's last game. He once again came off bench to score a wonderful freekick as Barcelona played 4-4 with relegation threathend Villarreal.See video below
Amaju Pinnick is stepping down as president of the National Football League, and he explains why
Victorious 32 0
Amaju Pinnick, the president of the Nigeria Football Federation, has said he will not seek re-election when his current term ends.Since 2014, Pinnick has been at the head of the NFF.Following the Super Eagles' inability to qualify for the 2022 World Cup, he has been under pressure from Nigerian stakeholders and supporters to resign.Pinnick has recently revealed that his experience in the Glass House has harmed his family's connection."I'm eligible to run based on th...
PFA Award: Bruno Fernandes Won Award Again Sets Unprecedented Record In The PL
Piroll 451 0
The Manchester United midfielder Bruno Fernandes has been named Premier League Player of the Month for December He's the first player EVER to win the award four times in one calendar year.He won the award in September, October, November and now December.
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Protecting your domain with Mailprotector solutions can introduce email flow problems with Autotask if your domain's SPF TXT record is not modified correctly. This article describes the proper SPF record data to include when using Autotask.
After implementing Mailprotector's solution on your domain, it is likely your support tickets will be delivered to Mailprotector's perimeter for security first. Two critical elements must be present to ensure your emails are delivered to the Autotask ticketing system.
First, the email address used for sending and receiving tickets must exist in the Mailprotector Console. For example, if you use support@awesomepartner.com for your ticket communications, the support user will need to exist in the Console.
Second, the SPF record for your domain must include the Autotask servers that originate your ticket emails. If the record is not correct, it is possible CloudFilter will quarantine the emails for an SPF Hard Fail, and the emails may also be filtered by your clients' email security solutions.
Autotask published a whitelisting article in their support center to explain more details. Please be aware, Mailprotector does not allow whitelisting of IP addresses, and this article pertains to the importance of the SPF record.
After implementing Mailprotector's solutions for your domain, you will need to add the Autotask include statement to authorize emails from your domain to originate at Autotask's servers.
If you have more questions about this, please contact the Partner Solutions Team.


I've been playing Wildstar for a week or so now and I'm starting to think that it's not all that. It doesn't do anything 'new' just attempts to use all the popular stuff that everyone else has done and spin it with attitude.
Which would be fine for a free to play MMO but this is a full price subscription game and in the current gaming climate I think that most people will want something new and interesting in order to pay for a subscription not recycled concepts that are put together nicely.
It's not that Wildstar is a bad game it's just that it lacks a certain something to make it a total winner in my book. It's bland and a bit boring.


text:
Dutch Say Serbia Not Cooperating With UN Tribunal
Serbia has yet to demonstrate it is cooperating fully with the UN war crimes tribunal in seeking the arrest of former Bosnian Serb military commander Ratko Mladic, a top Dutch official has said.
Facebook Group In Serbia Glorifying Genocide
Nearly 1,000 people have joined an Internet group on Facebook that glorifies genocide by proclaiming that the massacre at the Bosnian town of Srebrenica is a model for "fighting Islam," RFE/RL's South Slavic and Albanian Languages Service reports.
Former Finnish President Receives Nobel Peace Prize
Former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari has received the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize for his three decades of peace mediation work around the globe.
Sixty years ago, the UN adopted a milestone document that provided impetus to the human rights movement and inspired standard-bearers of peace, equality, and justice. How is it holding up?
EU Launches Rule-Of-Law Mission In Kosovo
The European Union has launched EULEX, its rule-of-law mission in the fledgling Balkan state of Kosovo. The mission, with an initial staff of 1,300, is aimed at bringing order and stability to Kosovo, which unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in February this year.
EULEX Launches In Kosovo, But Devil Is In The Details
The European Union is set on December 9 to launch its law-and-order mission in Kosovo. EULEX is tasked with helping the new state meet European standards in its police, judicial, customs, and penitentiary bodies. But just a day before its work is set to begin, troubling questions remain about the EULEX mandate -- and Kosovo's future.
Serbian Police Search Several Places Seeking Mladic
Police have searched several locations across Serbia looking for its most-wanted war crimes suspect Ratko Mladic, a source in the war crimes prosecutor's office said.
Two Bosnian Serbs Indicted Over Wartime Killings
Bosnia's war crimes prosecutors have indicted two Bosnian Serb ex-soldiers for killing and wounding dozens of Muslim civilians early in the 1992-95 war.
EU Kosovo Mission's Deployment Delayed
The European Union has delayed deployment of a major police and justice mission in Kosovo, amid continuing tensions about the exact role of the new body.
Serbian Dinar Hits New Low Against Euro
Serbia's national currency, the dinar, dropped to its lowest-ever level against the euro today.
UN Council Clears Way For EU Mission In Kosovo
The UN Security Council cleared the way on November 26 for a European Union police and justice mission to deploy in Kosovo, in a statement welcoming agreement by Serbia and Kosovo to the move.
UN Says Kosovo, Serbia Agree To Cooperate With EU Mission
Kosovo and Serbia will cooperate with a European Union justice and police mission that Brussels hopes will be deployed in Kosovo by early next month, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said.


QUESTION: [...] A huge and important strategy session in Aspen [Security Forum] in Colorado recently concluded that the only way to defeat ISIS is through a ground force. Is there any indication that the United States is moving any closer to gathering some kind of coalition – Western, regional, or both – to defeat ISIS, as you have said it needs to be defeated?
SECRETARY KERRY: [...] You are correct; there will need to be people [occupation forces] on the ground [in Syria]. I am convinced there will be at the appropriate moment, and I believe that that pressure [on the Syrian government] will increase and is increasing even as we're talking in many different ways.
QUESTION: Well, you just raised the idea of a ground force. I've got to ask you – you're talking about the pressure, you say it will happen, you're convinced. Who will take part? The United States?
SECRETARY KERRY: Well, I think – no, the President has said that at least for the time being, the President has made it very clear that American troops are not part of that equation, and I don't think he has any plans to change that. But I do know that there are others who are talking about it. There are people in the region who are capable of that, and I believe that everybody understands – there are also people in Syria, by the way, already who are capable of that and there are Syrian oppositionists of the regime who are also capable.
NB: CNN illuminatingly edited out the following part below of the interview shown on the US State Department website, because the 'policy' of Iranophobia is now widely publicly discredited.
And much of the terrorism that has been supported in the region is done on the cheap, not because of money. So I do not believe, nor does our intelligence community, that the money released by this, which is not hundreds of billions but about 50 to 55 billion, that that money is going to be determinative in any way regarding the security of the region.
QUESTION: Mr. Secretary, a lot of attention was paid to the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard this week saying that the United States remains and is the great Satan no matter whether this deal is approved or not. But just afterwards I spoke to the powerful head of Iran's parliament, Ali Larijani, and he said that that was referring to America's past actions and that there may be a more friendly future. Just take a listen if you would to what he told me about possible better relations with the United States going forward.
MR LARIJANI: (Via interpreter) And as I said, if the U.S. chooses to adopt a more realistic approach and attitude towards Iran, then those habits and those terms will naturally change. But I think this agreement can be a beginning for a better understanding on different issues.
QUESTION: So Mr. Secretary, do you think that this is an agreement that will do that – have a better understanding and more cooperation on different issues? For instance, on the Syria war.
23.07.2015 ASPEN 'SECURITY' FORUM: "IRAQ/SYRIA" WORSE NOW THAN BEFORE?


Colonel Cathcart was a slick, successful, slipshod, unhappy man of thirty-six.
From that point on, Johnson's affairs prospered.
He was undeniably a prospeorus man.
Her success in Paris was remarkable.
I should think it very probable, and you certainly will be successful.
Is Brass at a premium?
It is sheer fantasy to imagine that the cause of socialism is all plain sailing.
The building of socialism has not been all plain sailing.
The prospect would not be easy.