text:
Editing the Unchangeable Truth
An Overview of the Editorial History of the Books of His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
'Don't add anything. Don't subtract anything. Don't change anything.' This was the instruction ISKCON's founder-acarya, Srila Prabhupada, many times gave to his disciples. Yet some disciples he engaged to edit his words for publication—that is (by definition) to add, subtract, and change. Here I present a brief history of that editorial work.
Before Srila Prabhupada came to the West, his writing, publishing, and distribution were a 'one-man show'. He himself did it all. The only editing done on his writing was whatever editing he did himself.
He put substance ahead of language. As stated in the Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.5.11): 'Literature that is full of descriptions of the glories of the unlimited Supreme Lord is a different creation, full of transcendental words directed toward bringing about a revolution in the impious lives of this world's misdirected civilization'. Even if imperfectly composed, the Bhagavatam says, such literature is 'heard, sung, and accepted by purified men who are thoroughly honest'.
Srila Prabhupada was aware of the shortcomings of his English. As he himself wrote in his unedited commentary on this verse:
We know that in our honest attempt for presenting this great literature conveying the transcendental message for reviving God-consciousness of the people in general, as a matter of re-spiritualisation of the world atmosphere,—is fret with many difficulties. Regard being had to the facts that our capacity of presenting the matter in adequate language, specially a foreign language, will certainly fail and there may be so many literary discrepancies inspite of our honest attempt to present it in the proper way.
Still, he had hope:
But we are sure that with our all faults in this connection the seriousness of the subject matter will be taken into consideration and the leaders of the society will still accept this on account of its being an honest attempt for glorifying the Almighty Great so much now badly needed.
He offered an example:
When there is fire in the house, the inmates of the house go out for help from the neighbors who may be foreigners to such inmates and yet without any adequate language the victims of the fire express themselves and the neighbors understand the need even though not expressed in adequate language.
And so:
The same spirit of co-operation is needed in the matter of broadcasting this transcendental message of the Srimad Bhagwatam throughout the whole poluted atmosphere of the present day world situation. After all it is a technical science of spiritual values and as such we are concerned with the techniques and not with the language. If the techniques of this great literature are understood by the people of the world, there is the success.
Yet once Srila Prabhupada came to the West, he wanted his writings edited: 'I wish that all copies, before finally going to the press, must be thoroughly revised and edited so that there may not be any mistakes especially of spelling and grammar or of the Sanskrit names.'1
How were the books written?
Before we discuss the editing, let's first look at how the books were written.
Some books Srila Prabhupada wrote out in longhand or typed himself. These include Easy Journey to Other Planets, Sri Isopanisad, the first and second cantos of Srimad-Bhagavatam, the first five or six chapters of Bhagavad-gita As It Is, and chapters one through five or six of Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi-lila.
Most of his books, however, he dictated on a Grundig dictating machine, using tapes that each afforded perhaps an hour of dictation. This enabled him to achieve greater speed. Yet the method had its drawbacks: he had less opportunity to review and revise his words, he sometimes spoke passages twice, and—most of all—he had to depend on the accuracy of his transcribers. Especially in the early years, accuracy was poor. The transcribers were not yet deeply familiar with his philosophy, they had difficulty with his strong Bengali accent, and most of his Sanskrit words and quotations were strange to their ears.2 Moreover, Srila Prabhupada's frequent clicking of the switch to start, stop, and review his dictation clipped short many words or deleted them entirely.
This resulted in numerous gaps and errors. Sometimes transcribers simply left things out—entire Sanskrit quotations, for example—or gave only phonetic approximations. Sometimes they could only guess at what Srila Prabhupada was saying, and often guessed wrong.
This was most conspicuously true for Bhagavad-gita As It Is, and to a lesser extent for the 'Krsna Book'.3 In later books, the quality improved. Srila Prabhupada, instead of mailing tapes for transcription, had a transcriber personally travelling with him. The transcribers became well versed in his philosophy, accustomed to his accent, and familiar with his favourite quotations. And some of the transcribers learned the Sanskrit and Bengali alphabets in order to refer to the source texts that Srila Prabhupada himself was using. So errors in transcription, though they still occurred, became considerably less frequent and less severe.
Some of Srila Prabhupada's books were compiled from his recorded lectures or conversations. Examples are Teachings of Queen Kunti, Teachings of Lord Kapila, and small books like On the Way to Krsna and The Perfection of Yoga. The Nectar of Instruction was exceptional. Srila Prabhupada dictated it to disciples who took down his words longhand.4
For some books Srila Prabhupada saw the edited manuscript or a pre-press blueprint. For most he didn't.
Who were the editors?
Srila Prabhupada's editors were various. His first steady editor was Rayarama Dasa, an early disciple who worked professionally as a freelance writer for comic books. By the time I joined Srila Prabhupada's society, in 1968, Rayarama was among what Srila Prabhupada called 'the main pillars of the society'.5 Next came Hayagriva Dasa, whom Srila Prabhupada met in 1966 while walking down a street on New York's Lower East Side. Hayagriva (then known as Howard Wheeler) had an MA in English, and as he relates, Srila Prabhupada (then most often referred to simply as 'the Swami') had work for him to do:
Noticing that he has been typing, I offer to type for him, and he hands me the manuscript of the First Chapter, Second Canto, of Vyasadeva's Srimad-Bhagavatam.
'You can type this?'
'Oh yes', I say.
He is delighted. We roll a small typewriter table out of the corner, and I begin work. His manuscript is single spaced without margins on flimsy, yellowing Indian paper. It appears that the Swami tried to squeeze every word possible onto the pages. I have to use a ruler to keep from losing my place.
The first words read: 'O the king'. I naturally wonder whether 'O' is the king's name, and 'the king' stands in apposition. After concluding that 'O King' is intended instead, I consult the Swami.
'Yes', he says. 'Change it, then.'
As I retype another paragraph, I notice certain grammatical discrepancies, perhaps typical of Bengalis who learned English from British headmasters in the early 1900s. Considerable editing is required to get the text to conform with current American usage. After pointing out a few changes, I tell the Swami that if he so desired, I could make all the proper corrections.
'Very good', he says, smiling. 'Do it! Put it nicely.'
Thus my editorial services begin.
I type all morning in the room where he reads, translates, welcomes visitors, and 'takes rest'. There is a tin footlocker, used as a desk, and a rug on which he sits and sometimes sleeps. Apart from my typewriter table, there is no other furniture. As I type, I hear him cooking in the kitchen, and can smell the butter being boiled to make ghee. I finish the chapter: twenty pages, double spaced with wide margins. The original had filled only eight pages.
'Let me know if there's any more work', I tell him. 'I can take it back to Mott Street and type there.'
'More? Yes', he says. 'There is lots more.'
He opens the closet door and pulls out two large bundles tied with saffron cloth. Within, he shows me thousands of pages of single spaced, marginless manuscripts of literatures unknown in the Western world. I stand before them, astounded.
'It's a lifetime of typing', I protest.
'Oh, yes!' he smiles happily. 'Many lifetimes.' (Hayagriva Dasa, pp. 15–16)
Another early disciple, Satsvarupa Dasa (later Satsvarupa Dasa Goswami), did considerable editing on Srila Prabhupada's early dictated works. Gaurasundara Dasa and others also tried their hand at editing. In 1970 I gradually began, and later in the 1970s, Dravida Dasa.
For Sanskrit, Srila Prabhupada's first editor was Pradyumna Dasa, who continued to serve as the main Sanskrit editor throughout Srila Prabhupada's life. Among the other editors in what eventually became the BBT Sanskrit department were Nitai Dasa, Jagannatha Dasa, Santosa Dasa, Jayasacinandana Dasa, and Gopiparanadhana Dasa.
What sort of editing was done?
In principle, the editing Srila Prabhupada asked for was minimal: '[S]imply we have to see that in our book there is no spelling or grammatical mistake. We do not mind for any good style, our style is Hare Krsna, but, still, we should not present a shabby thing.'6
In practice, to keep from shabbiness, more than grammar and spelling was involved. Apart from spelling, grammar, and punctuation, the editors applied standards of consistency ('Deity' or 'deity'? 'spirit-soul' or 'spirit soul'?). They tried to make sure that pronouns had unambiguous antecedents. They broke long paragraphs into shorter ones. They turned passive constructions ('and the rest is being awaited by Him') into active ('and He is awaiting the rest').7 They made skewed constructions parallel.
They turned British or Indian usages into American. 'We have got' often became 'we have'. Rupees became dollars, 'lakhs and crores' became 'thousands and millions', and figures like '1,00,000' (one lakh) became '100,000'.
In some instances, minor examples that would have seemed strange or jarring to a Western reader were modified or deleted.
In the books as published, when Srila Prabhupada quotes a verse in Sanskrit an English translation usually follows. Most often, this translation was inserted by the editors. It was the editors, too, who routinely supplied the chapter-verse references (Srila Prabhupada did so only on occasion) and corrected wrong ones.
When Srila Prabhupada used outmoded rhetorical devices, like parenthetical question marks or exclamation marks to express irony—'the modernised Sanyasins (?)'8—the editors deleted them.
The editors often changed Srila Prabhupada's choice of words. 'Therefore give up your disparity of mind' became 'Therefore give up your anxiety'.9 And the gopis, in the edited 'Krsna Book', modestly try to cover their nakedness not 'by placing the left-hand palm upon the vagina' but 'by placing their left hand over their pubic area'.10
Any editor, typically, strives to bring out a work that is properly polished and yet stay as close to the author's language as possible. For Srila Prabhupada's books, this could be especially challenging. The technical nature of the subject, the enlightened status of the author, the sense that Krsna Himself was speaking through him, and the charm, grace, simplicity, and precision so often found in his personal voice—all these were in constant tension with a grammar and diction just as often in need of serious repair.
And then again, by working so much with Srila Prabhupada's writings and in his Society, an editor could be lulled into accepting Srila Prabhupada's nonstandard locutions as standard. The use of 'benedict' as a verb, and 'semina' instead of 'semen', thus sometimes bluffed their way past the editors' eyes.
The editors pruned for conciseness. 'Since he has departed from this place it is now seven months past up to date but he has not as yet returned back from there' became 'Since he departed, seven months have passed, yet he has not returned'.11 Sometimes redundant sentences were deleted and sometimes (again because of redundancy) entire paragraphs.
Before coming to America, Srila Prabhupada had twice translated some or all of the first five or six chapters of Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, so as editor I amalgamated the two manuscripts, choosing text sometimes from one, sometimes the other. And for books compiled from lectures, of course, extensive cutting and rearranging were required.
For all of Srila Prabhupada's books, the editors checked and revised for mundane accuracy. When Srila Prabhupada gave mathematical calculations, did the numbers tally? When he gave a geographical reference, did it match the map?
For grammar, clarity, readability, and flow, the editors routinely changed Srila Prabhupada's sentence structure—often utterly reworking it—merging sentences, or severing them, or rearranging clauses, striving for a suitable mixture of simple sentences and complex.
Connectivity was another concern. Did each sentence follow from the one before? For this the editors routinely added connectives: 'and', 'but', 'however', 'therefore', 'nonetheless'. (Hayagriva was particularly liberal with 'indeed', and I became nearly as generous.)
The editors worked for clarity, euphony, and force. Srila Prabhupada wrote to Hayagriva, 'I am glad that you are not omitting anything, but just making grammatical correction, and phrasing for force and clarity, and adding Pradyumna's transliteration, that is very nice'.12 In practice, as mentioned, such editing was a multifaceted task.
A large part of this task—this is where Pradyumna came in—was the Sanskrit editing. Pradyumna began by learning, on his own, to transliterate Devanagari into roman characters. Srila Prabhupada was pleased, and Pradyumna, going further, became expert in the Sanskrit language. He tells of his role:
Sanskrit editing means that I would put the correct diacritic marks on the Sanskrit words, and I would spell them correctly according to the international system. I would also adjust Prabhupada's grammar in the word-for-word translations. Also, if something were missing, I would send a lot of queries, 'What about this, what about that, is this okay?' I had a lot of letters from Prabhupada, 'Yes, you can do this. You can do this. Yes, that's okay'. (Siddhanta Dasa, p. 10)13
Pradyumna was speaking modestly. He did considerably more. He's the one who set the Sanskrit transliteration standards for Srila Prabhupada's books, who systematised the division of Sanskrit compound words into their constituent parts, who set rules of style (italics? caps?), and who made scriptural verse references a consistent feature.14
Beyond this, he answered countless queries from the English editors, and straightened the editors out when they misunderstood intended meanings. I remember that on one occasion, when a passage for the last chapter of the 'Krsna Book' was unclear, Pradyumna and I sent a query to Srila Prabhupada, who simply sent back a one-word answer: yaduvaraparisat. In other words, 'This is the word I'm translating. You figure it out and set things right'.
In 1972 Pradyumna joined Srila Prabhupada's personal entourage and travelled with him to serve as Sanskrit editor for the rest of Srila Prabhupada's days. While travelling with him, Pradyumna often did considerable work in editing his translations.
To give an extreme example of how much Pradyumna might revise, we may consider Srimad-Bhagavatam 5.22.2. Here is the transcription of Srila Prabhupada's original dictation:
SG answered, My dear king, it is exactly like the big wheel which is moving and along with him the small ants which have taken shelter of the big wheel, they are also moving; that is to say, the big wheel is moving towards northern side, the small ants also moving towards that side. Similarly, with movement of the big orbit, the small stars appear to be moving along with it, so when passing through the Dhruva loka and Sumeru mountain, the small ant-like stars also move like that. So with the movement of the sun and other small planets and stars which have taken shelter of the big orbit moves in the same direction, therefore, it sometimes appears to be moving differently in different directions.
After Pradyumna's revision:
Sri SG answered, My dear king, it is exactly like the wheel of the potter which is moving and along with it the small ants which are located on the big wheel, they are also moving along with the wheel, but their motion is seen to be different because they are noticed at one time to be in one place and later in another on the wheel. Similarly, with movement of the wheel of time which is observed by the constellations and signs. They are moving to the right around Dhruva loka and Sumeru mountain and moving with them are the ant-like planets like the sun and other small planets. But because these planets are seen in different constellations and signs at different times, the motion of these planets is different from the motion of the zodiac or wheel of time.
And this is how the verse finally appeared in print:
Sri Sukadeva Gosvami clearly answered: When a potter's wheel is moving and small ants located on that big wheel are moving with it, one can see that their motion is different from that of the wheel because they appear sometimes on one part of the wheel and sometimes on another. Similarly, the signs and constellations, with Sumeru and Dhruvaloka on their right, move with the wheel of time, and the antlike sun and other planets move with them. The sun and planets, however, are seen in different signs and constellations at different times. This indicates that their motion is different from that of the zodiac and the wheel of time itself.
In a lecture in 1973, Srila Prabhupada, on the occasion of his Vyasa-puja,15 expressed his gratitude for Pradyumna's service. Srila Prabhupada's edition of Sri Caitanya-caritamrta had just been published, and Srila Prabhupada humbly gave Pradyumna this credit for the book:
Our Panditji, Pradyumna, he has presented. Actually, he has worked for it. Although I have translated, . . . I am very much indebted to him that he very carefully edits and makes the thing very perfect. . . . Because mostly there is Sanskrit portion, my beloved disciple Pradyumna—I call him Pandit Mahasaya because he is actually doing the pandit's work—so he edits and he works very hard.
For Srila Prabhupada's final literary work—Srimad-Bhagavatam, Tenth Canto, Chapter Thirteen—the last portion was in fact an extraordinary collaboration between Srila Prabhupada and Pradyumna. While Srila Prabhupada lay prone on his bed, close to death, Pradyumna, having studied the Sanskrit verses and the Sanskrit commentaries Srila Prabhupada preferred, would read them to him in Sanskrit, in small portions. Some portions Pradyumna would translate and read out, some Srila Prabhupada himself would translate, and Srila Prabhupada would comment. The translations and commentary, recorded on tape, were then blended and edited together to become the text for the book.
Who did what?
A history of who served as the English editors for which books is best presented in tabular form. Listed here are only the books published during Srila Prabhupada's lifetime. The year given is the year of first publication. Editors mentioned in parentheses did minor work, usually in the form of final checking or polishing or supplying missing material.
Bhagavad-gita As It Is (abridged)16
Hayagriva, Rayarama17
Teachings of Lord Caitanya
Satsvarupa, Rayarama18
Sri Isopanisad
Krsna Consciousness: The Topmost Yoga System
The Nectar of Devotion
Purusottama,19Rayarama (Hayagriva, Jayadvaita)
Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead (chapters one through thirty-seven)
Satsvarupa, Hayagriva
Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead (chapters thirty-eight through ninety)
Satsvarupa, Jayadvaita (Hayagriva)
Bhagavad-gita As It Is (unabridged)
Rayarama, Hayagriva (Jayadvaita)
Srimad-Bhagavatam, First Canto
Hayagriva (Jayadvaita)
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Second Canto
The Perfection of Yoga
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Third Canto
On the Way to Krsna
Raja-vidya: The King of Knowledge
Elevation to Krsna Consciousness
Krsna Consciousness: The Matchless Gift
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Fourth Canto
(chapters one through eight)
(chapters nine through thirty-one)
Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi-lila
Jayadvaita
Caitanya-caritamrta, Madhya-lila
Caitanya-caritamrta, Antya-lila
Jayadvaita, Dravida21
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Fifth Canto0
(chapters one through thirteen)
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Fifth Canto
(chapters fourteen through twenty-six)
The Nectar of Instruction
Hrsikesananda, Hayagriva (?) (Jayadvaita)
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Sixth Canto
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Seventh Canto
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Eighth Canto
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Ninth Canto
Syamasundara,23Jayadvaita
The Science of Self-Realization
Several24
Srimad-Bhagavatam, Tenth Canto
(chapters 1-13)25
Revisions to BBT books
Starting from the early 1970s, or perhaps even earlier, the BBT has published revised versions of Srila Prabhupada's books.26 The editorial staff discovered occasional errors in published books and routinely corrected them in later printings. Rarely, Srila Prabhupada himself also pointed out a word or passage he wanted revised.27 In accordance with standard publishing practice,28 the BBT published such revisions without giving notice.
Also beginning from the early 1970s, the BBT began publishing Srila Prabhupada's books in versions revised so extensively that they deserved to be called 'second editions'. The first of these were re-edited versions of Easy Journey to Other Planets (1972) and Sri Isopanisad, both revised by Hayagriva Dasa on the grounds that the English editing stood in need of substantial improvement.29 Sometime in 1972 or 1973 I made extensive revisions to the Second Canto. The revised version, though never marked "Second Edition," was used in all printings after the first.
In 1974 the BBT published a second edition of Teachings of Lord Caitanya, again revised for English by Hayagriva. (He revised the book entirely from the published text, without benefit of the original manuscripts, by then lost, or Srila Prabhupada's Caitanya-caritamrta, not yet written.) The second edition used Sanskrit diacritical spellings, and with Srila Prabhupada's permission Nitai Dasi supplied transliterations for many Sanskrit verses given in the first edition only in English.
In 1972, when the first American edition of Srimad-Bhagavatam, First Canto, was in preparation and the first volume nearly ready for printing, Satsvarupa brought to Srila Prabhupada's attention that in numerous instances the edited version seemed to have low fidelity to Srila Prabhupada's original work. Srila Prabhupada responded, in essence: 'Don't lose time. Just print it'.30
In 1976, however, on my own initiative, I did extensive revisions for this canto, especially for the translations in the first two chapters. I then prepared a list showing these revised translations, with a cover letter explaining what I had done, and when Srila Prabhupada visited ISKCON New York in July of 1976 I brought the package to his room.
I had expected merely to drop it off with his secretary. But to my surprise I found Srila Prabhupada right there before me, asking to know why I had come. I told him, and he instructed me to read to him the revised translations, right there on the spot. So I began, Srila Prabhupada listening attentively, and after I had read a few verses he interrupted: 'So, what you have done?'
'I've revised the translations to make them closer to what Your Divine Grace originally said.'
'What I have said?'
'Yes, Srila Prabhupada.'
Srila Prabhupada then made a characteristic dismissive gesture and said: 'Then it is all right'.
And that was that.31
After Srila Prabhupada passed away, the BBT editorial staff continued to notice and correct editorial discrepancies in Srila Prabhupada's books. Many of these were brought to light by ISKCON devotees, especially those serving as BBT translators.32 (The BBT has translated books by Srila Prabhupada into some eighty-five languages.) As during Srila Prabhupada's presence, the BBT continued to correct minor editorial errors routinely, without giving notice.
But again as in Srila Prabhupada's time, for some books more extensive revisions seemed needed. Thus in 1979 the BBT trustees resolved: 'Harikesa Swami will discuss with Satsvarupa Goswami and Jayadvaita Swami about the necessary corrections in original manuscripts such as Bhagavad-gita As It Is (complete ed), 3rd canto, etc'.33
My review of Bhagavad-gita As It Is turned up editorial errors and omissions extensive enough to warrant a second edition. And so, after extensive consultation with senior ISKCON devotees, the second edition was published in 1983.34
For The Nectar of Devotion I did a light revision, published by the BBT in 1982. Probably the most prominent feature of this second edition was some adjustment to the structure of the chapters. Several of Srila Prabhupada's original chapters had been large, so Rayarama had broken them down, at somewhat arbitrary intervals, into chapters of a comfortable size.35 While revising the book, I found that some chapter titles and section titles mismatched their contents,36 and some chapters began in the midst of a topic, rather than before or after. I renamed and redivided accordingly. The second edition also included an appendix that showed where the 'waves' of Srila Rupa Gosvami's 'Ocean of Devotional Service' had their places in Srila Prabhupada's summary study.
In 1993, Dravida Dasa revised Sri Isopanisad, comparing the first and second American editions with the original text Srila Prabhupada had published in 1960 in his Back to Godhead. Again, Dravida recovered extensive passages that earlier editions had lost.37 In 1996 the BBT also published second editions of 'Krsna Book' and Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, both revised by Dravida Dasa, who corrected errors and included passages earlier omitted.38 For Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, also, many geographical place names fussily Sanskritised by the editors of the first edition were rendered in the vernacular forms by which the places are actually known.
In the mid-1990s the BBT published a second edition of Perfect Questions, Perfect Answers, edited by a less experienced BBT editor. Because readers of this edition pointed out numerous editorial discrepancies, the BBT directors resolved in 2002 that Dravida Dasa will review the book before its next printing. Either he will correct the discrepancies, or the BBT will revert to the first edition.
Apart from the books mentioned here as having been revised, all of Srila Prabhupada's books continue to be published only in their original editions, with only occasional minor corrections for typographical and other such errors. So, for example, the Srimad-Bhagavatam from the Second Canto onwards continues to be published only in its original BBT edition.39
Because translators, indexers, and other readers who intensively study Srila Prabhupada's books continue to turn up suspected editorial errors, the BBT provides an e-mail address to which such errors may be sent: <This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.>. As a matter of policy the BBT editors, mindful of Srila Prabhupada's instructions, resist changes. But verified editorial errors are corrected in later printings or editions. This policy has brought the BBT some outspoken criticism, much of it, unfortunately, uncivil and badly uninformed.40 An extended response to such criticism stands beyond the scope of this article.41
Keeping track of BBT editorial history
Because on the title and copyright pages of Srila Prabhupada's books the BBT staff has often been less than meticulous about recording new editions, for some books, especially those published and revised during Srila Prabhupada's lifetime, one may have a hard time discerning which edition one is reading. Aware of this, the BBT directors have resolved that future printings should make the publishing history more clear.
Additionally, in 2002 the BBT directors hired a consultant to conceive of a comprehensive system for keeping track of the editorial history of each English BBT title. The system, the directors said, should enable us to preserve, catalogue, and access the various edited and unedited versions, and it should tell us, for each version, who did what, when, and why, both in summary and, ideally, at the level of the sentence or the word. And the system should work for other languages as well.
The consultant has provided specifications for such a system, ambitious in scope, and work is underway at the Bhaktivedanta Archives. The envisioned outcome is a searchable hypertext library, perhaps accessible on the internet, that would enable a researcher who selects a particular verse or passage to view the relevant pages of the original and revised manuscripts, any editorial notes, the first and later editions, the Sanskrit or Bengali commentaries Srila Prabhupada consulted, and so on. Also included for each title would be a production history, naming the original editors, typesetters, proofreaders, layout people, and other production people, telling where the prepress work was done, giving the size of the first print run, and telling who were the printers and binders for the original edition.
By this system, the BBT intends to keep, as far as practicable, an 'audit trail' for scholars, BBT staff, and other interested readers, so that most readers can have the benefit of books carefully edited yet free from burdensome critical apparatus while those who wish may avail themselves of a detailed editorial history. In advance of such a history, I hope the present overview will be of some service to seekers of editorial truth.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami. Srimad Bhagwatam, First Part [Canto One, Vol. 1]. Vrindaban and Delhi: The League of Devotees, 1962.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Srimad-Bhagavatam, Canto One through Canto Ten, Chapter Thirteen. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1972–8.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Bhagavad-gita As It Is, Second Edition. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1983.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1993.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The Nectar of Devotion. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1970.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. The Nectar of Instruction. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1975.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. Sri Caitanya-caritamrta. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1975.
The Chicago Manual of Style 15th edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
Hayagriva Dasa. The Hare Krishna Explosion: The Birth of Krishna Consciousness in America, 1966–1969. Palace Press, 1985.
Halpenny, Francess G., ed. Editing Twentieth Century Texts, Papers given at the Editorial Conference, University of Toronto, November 1969, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1972.
Jayadvaita Swami and Dravida Dasa. Responsible Publishing. Los Angeles: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, 1998.
Ritter, R. M., and Hart, Horace, eds. The Oxford Guide to Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Siddhanta Dasa, ed. Memories. Culver City, CA: Monsoon Media, 2003.
1 Srila Prabhupada letter to Satsvarupa Dasa, 25 January 1970.
2 In recent years, followers of Srila Prabhupada have produced video recordings of his lectures, with subtitles to make his words easier to follow. Yet the subtitles themselves are rich with examples of mishearing—an illustration that the problem is ongoing.
3 This was how Srila Prabhupada referred to his book Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
4 For the history of The Nectar of Instruction I am grateful to Satsvarupa Dasa Goswami, who himself did the bulk of this work.
5 Srila Prabhupada letter to Rayarama Dasa, 3 March 1968.
6 Srila Prabhupada letter to Satsvarupa Dasa, 9 January 1970.
7 Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.13.50.
8 Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.3.24, purport.
10 Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Chapter 22.
11 Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.14.7.
12 Srila Prabhupada letter to Hayagriva Dasa, 18 November 1968.
13 For other memories from Pradyumna about how he got started, see Siddhanta Dasa, pp. 4–5, 7, and 9–10.
14 Srila Prabhupada therefore wrote to Pradyumna (on 21 June 1970), 'So your efforts in the matter of our Sanskrit editing are effectively improving our books more and more with scholarly standards'.
15 Vyasa-puja is the celebration for the 'appearance day' (birthday) of the spiritual master. The lecture took place on 22 August 1973, in London.
16 The manuscript for the complete book was prepared for publication, but it was abridged at the request of the original publisher, the Macmillan Company. Brahmananda Dasa (personal interview, 5 April 2003) reports that Rayarama Dasa flew from New York to Los Angeles to abridge the manuscript in direct consultation with Srila Prabhupada.
17 At first, several devotees had a hand in editing this book. Brahmananda Dasa says, 'We were all working on it. I mean, I did it, and Kirtanananda did it, Satsvarupa, Hayagriva, Rayarama, I think even Ranchor. We all had a shot at it. Anyone with any education' (personal interview, 5 May 2003). Similarly, Pradyumna Dasa reports, 'A lot of people were editing Prabhupada's books when they first came into Montreal. Kirtanananda had a copy of the Gita manuscript, Hayagriva had something else, and Rayarama had something else. These were the early days of ISKCON—1967, '68' (Memories, Vol. 2, p. 7). Hayagriva and Rayarama finally became the editors for the book.
18 Satsvarupa did preliminary editing, as he did on all the books for which he is listed. Here Rayarama was the main editor.
19 Purusottama, who transcribed the book while travelling with Srila Prabhupada as secretary, did some preliminary editing.
20 Each of the first nine chapters was first published as an individual paperback book.
21 Dravida edited chapters 13, 14, 15, and 17. I oversaw and polished his work and edited the rest of the book.
22 Dravida edited chapters 17 and 25 and at least parts of 18 and 26. I oversaw and polished his work and edited the rest of the book.
23 Syamasundara did some preliminary editing and gave useful editorial suggestions.
24 The text for this book came from articles previously edited by various editors and published in Back to Godhead. I chose the articles and their sequence. Ramesvara Swami and Mukunda (later Mukunda Goswami) added one or two more articles and wrote the titles and introductions.
25 Chapter 13 was published after Srila Prabhupada passed away.
26 In 1972, Easy Journey to Other Planets and Krsna Consciousness: The Topmost Yoga System were registered with the US Copyright Office with 'Revisions and additions'. But minor errors in these and other books may have been noticed and fixed in still earlier printings.
27 The example most well known to ISKCON devotees: He pointed out that in Bhagavad-gita 18.44 an editor had wrongly supplied for go-raksya the translation 'cattle-raising' instead of 'cow protection'. On another occasion he pointed out that 'purified rice', in Bhagavatam 1.15.22–3, should have been 'putrefied rice'.
28 Both The Chicago Manual of Style and The Oxford Style Manual seem to regard the matter as routine. While noting the difference between a new edition (in which a work is significantly revised or enlarged) and a new impression (in which a book is simply reprinted), Chicago (p. 9) matter-of-factly says, 'Corrections are sometimes made in new impressions', and Oxford (p. 6) simply notes that one meaning of 'reprint' is 'a second or new impression of any printed work, with only minor corrections'.
Expressing an uncontroversial view, one scholar goes so far as to say, '[E]mendations in reprintings. . . have often been fewer than accuracy would demand.' (Halpenny, p. 11, emphasis supplied.)
29 The revised editions of these books came under criticism in a discussion between Srila Prabhupada and some disciples in Vrndavana on 22 June 1977. With reference to a judgment by Srila Prabhupada, the discussion was later entitled 'Rascal Editors'.
30 At the time, I was working with ISKCON Press in Boston, where this incident took place, and Satsvarupa related it to me soon after it occurred.
31 The revised version was published in 1976. A full comparison of the revised translations for the first two chapters is online as Bhagavatam Revisions Examined at www.krishna.com/newsite/main.php?id=286.
32 For two examples, with explanations, see www.krishna.com/newsite/main.php?id=287#GRE_Kasi and www.krishna.com/newsite/main.php?id=287#GRE_Encircled.
33 BBT resolutions, 12 March 1979. What was intended was that we were to see about necessary corrections with reference to the original manuscripts.
34 A brief history appears in Responsible Publishing (p. 29). A letter widely circulated to solicit input from ISKCON devotees before the book was published appears on pp. 29–33. Responsible Publishing is available online at www.krishna.com/newsite/downloads/responsible_publishing.pdf.
35 Rayarama personally told me this, and I personally retyped the manuscripts that bore his editing.
36 'Techniques of Hearing and Memorizing', for example, had nothing to do with memorisation.
37 For examples, see Responsible Publishing, p. 8–9.
38 For examples, see Responsible Publishing, p. 10–13.
Some readers objected to one change in the revised Caitanya-caritamrta: In the introduction to the first chapter, the word 'initiated' has twice been replaced by new wording. Regarding this objection as reasonable, the BBT directors agreed to review it. They sought counsel from eight senior, well educated devotees outside the BBT, who came to a split decision, four favoring the earlier version, four the later. The directors took the view that either version would be justifiable and the difference was of no great consequence. Of the two instances of 'initiated', one had come from Srila Prabhupada's original text (but was arguably not what he intended), the other from me as editor where grammar had required a verb supplied. Deferring to the original text, the directors decided to restore Srila Prabhupada's 'initiated' but not mine. This revision will appear in the next printing.
39 Curiously, one website advertises the 'pre-1978 edition' of the Srimad-Bhagavatam. What is it? The same edition the BBT has published all along.
40 For examples, see '108 Changes to Srila Prabhupada's Bhagavad-gita As It Is' by Madhudvisa Dasa (www.vnn.org/editorials/ET9903/ET08-3273.html) and 'In-Depth Examination of Book Revisions' by IRG (www.vnn.org/world/WD9812/WD11-2662.html). A collection of links to articles arguing various points of view is published online by the Vaishnava News Network at www.vnn.org/news/bbt_revisions.html. Anonymous critics of the BBT's editorial policies maintain a site, meant to appear populist, called 'Adi-vani.org' (www.adi-vani.org).
41 Such a response may be found in the BBT booklet Responsible Publishing, mentioned above. Other responses appear in Gita Revisions Explained, available online in three parts, starting at www.krishna.com/newsite/main.php?id=288. Of relevant interest is Bhagavatam Revisions Examined, also mentioned above. The BBT's editorial policies are briefly explained at www.krishna.com/newsite/main.php?id=40.
Dealing with Difference: A Catholic Point of View
Scholarship and Devotion: Can They Co-Exist?
Walking a Theological Tightrope
Pizza or Pakoras


External Operation Switch | IMADA CO.,LTD.
– This switch enables you to operate a motorized test stand externally.
>Your test sample could fly away.
– Set your test sample on the test stand.
– Take the External Operation Switch and be away from the test stand.
– Press the switch and operate the test stand to start/stop measurement.
– Turn switch on a light according to status.


text:
Q: Correct way to toggle draggable objects in JQuery? After reading the API.
My best guess is, initialize it using
j_obj.draggable();

and from there you can enable it ( set by default ).
j_obj.draggable("enable");

or disable it using
j_obj.draggable("disable");

where j_obj is the jquery object.
This works, but I kind of guessed after scrolling through the api here:
http://api.jqueryui.com/draggable/
I just wanted to verify that these 3, and only these 3 steps are required when you want to be able to enable and disable draggability as needed.
Basically an initialization of sorts, and then an enable and disable method.

A: Yes, only these 3 steps are required when you want to be able to enable and disable draggability, Unless you need to listen for event's associated with dragging, you need to use other option's as described here
For example If you want to listen for dragStart :
j_obj.draggable({
  start: function( event, ui ) {
    // dragging started
  }
});

Or this Way :
j_obj.on( "dragstart", function( event, ui ){...});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Our mountain ash has suckers or shoots at the base and we would like to know how to stop these. The tree is 6 feet tall and we brought it with us from our old place in a big pot. How do we prune these off and stop them from coming back? Thanks.


Cupertino, Calif. – May 8, 2013 – ScaleMPTM, the leader in virtualization solutions for high-end computing, announced today that, together with its technology and channel partners, it will offer a competitive solution for any customer holding a SGI® shared-memory UV™ quote. The competitive solution will provide 20 percent more memory, 20 percent greater performance at 20 percent lower price than an eligible SGI (NASDAQ: SGI) quote.
This limited-time offer provides customers with a single source for solutions based on vSMP Foundation software and cutting-edge hardware. With support for up to 256 TB of RAM and 32,768 CPUs, ScaleMP solutions provide the world's largest shared-memory systems. ScaleMP solutions support scalable system backplane with over 500 Gbps (bidirectional), which is more than twice what is available on other shared-memory systems. The scalable backplane allows for active-backplane redundancy, preventing interconnect failure from hurting system stability.
Solutions based on vSMP Foundation allow choice of hardware platform and are available based on the most recent Intel and AMD processors. vSMP Foundation will also support Intel's upcoming Ivy Bridge processors at launch time.
"ScaleMP is very excited to be teaming with our technology partners to provide the industry with more affordable and better performing shared-memory systems. With the growing demand for shared-memory and large-memory applications, we are looking to increase the penetration of software-defined systems into the broader IT ecosystem," said Shai Fultheim, CEO and founder of ScaleMP.
For more information on the plan, please visit www.ScaleMP.com/SGI-undercut.
For more information on vSMP Foundation, please visit www.ScaleMP.com/products.
vSMP Foundation is a trademark or registered trademark of ScaleMP. SGI, Altix and UV are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. All other brands or products are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders and should be treated as such.


text:
Q: Invertibility modulo the intersection of ideals in $C^*$-algebras Crossposted to mathoverflow due to low attention.
Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a $C^*$-algebra and $A \in \mathcal{A}$. I am interested in the invertibility of $A$ modulo certain (two-sided) ideals $\mathcal{J} \subseteq \mathcal{A}$, i.e. the existence of a generalized inverse $B \in \mathcal{A}$ such that
$$AB = I + K \text{ and } BA = I + L,$$
where $K,L \in \mathcal{J}$. A classical example would be the case of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space and the ideal of compact operators, in which case $A$ would be called a Fredholm operator.
My question now concerns intersections of ideals. If I'm not mistaken, the following should be true:
Let $S$ be some (possibly uncountable) index set and $\mathcal{J}_k$ an ideal of $\mathcal{A}$ for every $k \in S$. Then $A \in \mathcal{A}$ is invertible modulo $\bigcap\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{J}_k$ if and only if $A$ is invertible modulo every $\mathcal{J}_k$ and the set of generalized inverses is bounded in $\mathcal{A}$.
For finite sets $S$ this is easy to see. Let
$$AB_1 = I + K_1 \text{ and } AB_2 = I + K_2,$$
where $B_1,B_2 \in \mathcal{A}$, $K_1 \in \mathcal{J}_1$ and $K_2 \in \mathcal{J}_2$. Then
$$A(B_2-B_1K_2) = I + K_2 - K_2 - K_1K_2 = I - K_1K_2 \in I + \mathcal{J}_1 \cap \mathcal{J}_2$$
and of course similarly for a left inverse. This does not seem to generalize easily to infinite sets $S$.
However, I came up with a quick and dirty $C^*$-argument that goes as follows. Consider the map:
$$\Phi: \mathcal{A} \to \prod\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{A}/\mathcal{J}_k, \quad A \mapsto \prod\limits_{k \in S} (A + \mathcal{J}_k),$$
where we equip $\prod\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{A}/\mathcal{J}_k$ with the $\sup$-norm. The kernel of this homomorphism is obviously $\bigcap\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{J}_k$ and therefore the isomorphism theorem implies that $A$ is invertible modulo $\bigcap\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{J}_k$ if and only if $\prod\limits_{k \in S} (A + \mathcal{J}_k)$ is invertible in $\prod\limits_{k \in S} \mathcal{A}/\mathcal{J}_k$.
This seems to work, but is not very satisfactory because one cannot really see why this is the case. So, I guess my question is: Is there a more elementary proof similar to the finite case, e.g. if $S$ is assumed to be countable?
I would also be interested in a counterexample for Banach algebras if the $C^*$-property is essential. Thanks!


NobleScrub™ Almond Shell is a medium to course free flowing powder. NobleScrub exfoliants are naturally sourced, ideal for cosmetic products and are an environmentally friendly alternative to plastic microbeads. They are an excellent addition to body and foot scrubs to remove dead cells at the skin's surface to let your natural beauty shine through.


This weekend was my mum's 60th and my parents ruby wedding anniversary.
I remember when my dad started planning the surprise party, we hadn't even moved back to South Wales and it seemed a bit if a pipe-dream thinking we might be.
My dad successfully managed to keep the secret- which I guess had something to do with the Italy-Wales match, and my mum doing her own math.
So, all my parents friends and family celebrated this weekend.


I'm a big fan of loose mineral powders because my T zone is so oil and so far this one is my favourite. Super lightweight and smoothing on my skin and it totally works to control oils.
Short of just pouring corn starch on my face, I'm completely in love with my mineral veil. It does a great job of just setting my makeup for the day without looking to powdered .It absorbs the oils and giving me an airbrushed, yet natural look.
With the Australian summer just around the corner, it's a great choice for the summer when oily skin is at its peak, this product is a favorite of many in terms of efficiency to absorb oil and keep your skin looking fresh all day. It stays for 8 hours and is suitable for all skin types.


text:
Manitowoc Foodservice Breaks Ground in Cleveland
June 07, 2013 | Industry News
Manitowoc Foodservice Ovens and Advanced Cooking broke ground on its new 30,000 square foot Ovens expansion project in Cleveland – marking the official start of its plans to become the leading commercial ovens manufacturer in the world.
When the expansion project is completed later in 2013, the operation will include new quality systems, computerized work instructions, lean workflow systems, and state-of-the-art warehouse operations. The Cleveland facility will produce Cleveland Steamers, Garland convection ovens, Convotherm combi ovens, and Lincoln conveyor ovens, along with managing the marketing and distribution of Manitowoc's Merrychef brand speed ovens.
In addition to the manufacturing space, the new building will include a commercial kitchen, which will be used for customer support (such as menu development and training), equipment testing, and sales training.
The expanded operation will improve the service provided to foodservice customers and channel partners in the U.S. and regional markets around the world. Anticipated customer benefits include improved product availability, consolidated shipments for faster speeds and lower costs, expanded customer support, and increased reinvestment in product development.
Total investment in the project is estimated at over $8 million, with more than 100 new manufacturing jobs to be created.
"The growth and investment taking place is great news for all of us," says Glen Tellock, chairman and CEO of Manitowoc. "I look forward to the benefits this will bring for our customers, community, and employees. By working together, we are building something real: a bright future right here in Cleveland."
During the Ground Breaking Ceremony, Manitowoc Foodservice also thanked the city of Cleveland, its Department of Economic Development, Cuyahoga County, the State of Ohio, and the UAW for their partnership in making this expansion a reality. "This is a great example of government, business, and labor working together," said John Stevenson, vice president of general management – Ovens and Advanced Cooking. "I also want to thank our dedicated employees here in Cleveland. None of this would be possible without their dedication, support, and hard work."
Why Fruit Beer is Making a Comeback
Quaker Steak & Lube Signs Franchise Deal for Salem, Ohio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/xhtml;charset=UTF-8"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Doxygen 1.8.13"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<title>Komunikator: Składowe klas - Funkcje</title>
<link href="tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>

<link href="navtree.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>

<link href="search/search.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>

<link href="doxygen.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

Komunikator
    0.3

Jest to aplikacja przeznaczona na urządzenia z systemem operacyjnym Google Android. Dzięki niej użytkownicy będą mogli komunikować się między sobą, tworzyć konwersacje oraz dodawać znajomych.

- g -

getBirthDate()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getContent()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Message

getConversation()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.RealmUtilities

getConversationMaxId()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.RealmUtilities

getConversations()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getCopyOfUserFriends()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.fragment.ContactsFragment

getCount()
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getCreateDate()
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getEmail()
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getFieldNames()
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getFilteredUserContacts()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.RealmUtilities

getFromUser()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Message

getId()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Conversation
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Message
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getIds()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ConversationCreatorAdapter

getItem()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ChatAdapter

getItemCount()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ConversationCreatorAdapter
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ConversationsViewAdapter
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.UsersViewAdapter

getItemId()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ChatAdapter

getItemViewType()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ConversationCreatorAdapter
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ConversationsViewAdapter
, pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.UsersViewAdapter

getLatitude()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getLoggedUser()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getLongitude()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getMenu()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.activity.ContainerActivity

getMessages()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Conversation

getModelClasses()
: io.realm.DefaultRealmModuleMediator

getName()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Conversation

getObject()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.RealmUtilities

getPassword()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getTableName()
: io.realm.ConversationRealmProxy
, io.realm.DefaultRealmModuleMediator
, io.realm.MessageRealmProxy
, io.realm.UserRealmProxy

getUser()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.RealmUtilities

getUsername()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.User

getUsers()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.entity.Conversation

getView()
: pl.komunikator.komunikator.adapter.ChatAdapter

Wygenerowano przez

     1.8.13

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


lha-marketing@uow.edu.au. Spots are limited so please register as soon as convenient.
If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact the Marketing and Recruitment team on 02 4221 4747 or on the above email.
Italian Institute of Culture is offering workshops for students in the January 2016 school holidays for HSC and IB courses.
antiche tradizioni. Allora si viveva una vita semplice.
Questa e' la storia (in inglese e in italiano) di un nonno dell'epoca moderna che ricorda come era il natale quando era bambino.
A reminder to register your students for the Languages at Sydney: Go Global event to be held at University of Sydney in February 2016.
For Year 12 students interested in languages study at university.
Below is the "Save the Date" poster, which contains a link to the online registration form. You can register as a group from your school, or students may register as individuals. Registrations close on November 16.
Thank you for all your expressions of interest for the Listening Kit. The response has been overwhelming. If you have submitted an expression of interest you will be receiving further details in the coming week.


text:
Senior Correspondent, Housing
Amy Scott is Marketplace's senior correspondent covering housing and the economy and a frequent guest host of our programs. She's based in Denver.
From 2010 to 2018 Amy was Marketplace's education correspondent, covering the business of education from pre-K-12 through higher ed and its role in economic mobility. In 2015, Amy completed the documentary film OYLER, about a Cincinnati public school fighting to break the cycle of poverty in its traditionally Urban Appalachian neighborhood. The film grew out of the year-long Marketplace series "One School, One Year," which won a 2014 Gracie Award. OYLER has screened at film festivals around the country and was broadcast on public television in 2016.
In 2012, Amy and Marketplace China correspondent Rob Schmitz won a national Edward R. Murrow award for their investigation of agencies that place Chinese students in U.S. colleges. Their work also won first prize for investigative reporting from the Education Writers Association. Other honors include a 2010 National Headliner Award and a special citation from the Education Writers Association for an investigation of recruiting abuses at the University of Phoenix, co-reported with Sharona Coutts of ProPublica.
Amy joined Marketplace as a production assistant in September 2001, moving in 2002 to Washington, D.C., as a staff reporter. From 2003 to 2010, she reported from Marketplace's New York bureau, focusing on the culture of Wall Street, and becoming bureau chief in 2008. In addition to leading Marketplace's New York coverage of the financial crisis, Amy hit the road for two cross-country trips, exploring how Americans experienced the fallout. In 2008, she produced stories for Marketplace's remote broadcasts from Egypt and Dubai for the "Middle East @ Work" series. In 2009, she spent a month reporting in Germany as a McCloy Fellow. Amy also won a Gracie Allen Award for feature reporting in 2006.
Before joining Marketplace, Amy worked as a reporter in Dillingham, Alaska, home to the world's largest wild sockeye salmon run. A native of Colorado Springs, Colo., Amy has a bachelor's degree in history from Grinnell College and a master's degree in journalism from the University of California, Berkeley, where she studied documentary filmmaking.
Episodes Hosted by Amy (13)
Can a free streaming service work?
Clean shipping is coming to a port near you
Walk, run, fly
Holiday hiring hustle and bustle
Your "cloud" data is making noise on the ground
French chefs are making a meal out of food waste
Retail therapy with a side of fries
Some ways to keep the power on in California's fire season
How networking can lead to more diversity in tech
Big Tech's big day on Capitol Hill
Latest Stories from Amy (1,426)
Amazon restricts reviews of "American Dirt"
by Amy Scott Jan 24, 2020
Comments on the controversial new book must be written by verified buyers, raising questions about the company's influence on speech.
Daniel Roland/AFP via Getty Images
Rising home prices linked to slowing job growth in some cities
Research suggests a decline in housing affordability can significantly reduce job growth.
Mark Metcalfe/Getty Images
The rise of the high-rise
As more and more people want the amenities of urban living, there's nowhere to build but up.
Amy Scott/Marketplace
This year's New American Home is a $5.7 million "oasis"
With climate and affordability crises, should there be so many new, big houses?
Women are working more jobs than men. It's probably not a blip.
For the first time since 2009, there are more women in the workforce than there are men.
Retailers find value in their bricks and mortar
by Amy Scott Jan 7, 2020
Bed Bath & Beyond is the latest to sell stores ... only to lease them back.
Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images
Adventures in Housing: The Caretaker
If you're thinking cushy job with a free place to live, think again.
The decade in housing
by Amy Scott Dec 31, 2019
Out of one crisis and into another.
The color of the year is a "corporate" shade
Pantone has given its color of the year, "Classic Blue," its own soundtrack, tea and gin cocktail.
Courtesy of Pantone
How Latino Immigrants "saved the American city"
In his new book, A.K. Sandoval-Strausz argues that Latino Immigrants played a major role in urban revitalization.
Tim Boyle/Newsmakers


In Solution Explorer, right-click the App_Data folder, and then click Add New Item.
On the XmlDataSource Tasks menu, click Configure Data Source.
In Solution Explorer, right-click the name of your Web site, and then click Add New Item.


Very good....the correct .fun... Retail stuff all to do so. My man accurately bored with me will not.
A very good boyfriend,love music,sincere,open and общительная!
I the darling, kind, sociable.. I do not drink, I do not smoke, very attractive girl..
I love to spend time with friends, playing games and sipping tea. I am afraid I remain one and darkness.
I am an attractive man. I like to communicate with new people! I love to watch movies, I love to walk in the park.
Hi iam Olga, i learn history. I like a folk and country music and RPG games.


PARASITE (The Domino Project #3) Release Day!
It's here. It's finally here. I'm so ridiculously excited!
Today book three goes out into the world and completes the trilogy! It's been such a long and crazy journey, and a fun one to watch everything come together. I got to meet some amazing and talented people along the way.
"Hanna takes familiar sci-fi genre elements…and spins dystopian gold." Kirkus Reviews on Chameleon, The Domino Project Book One.
So go get Parasite! The conclusion was so much fun to write! You want to read it, you KNOW you do!
Do you see that amazing detail on the back of Dom's neck? Yeah, fantastic isn't it?
And paperbacks through any Indiebound store!
OMG A WHOLE FREAKING TRILOGY!
If you have not yet read CHAMELEON & HYBRID – they are on sale from February 22nd through February 28th for $0.99!


text:
Cubans clamour for Royal Ballet tickets – First tour in 78-year history sells out in hours
So when the Royal Ballet announced that it would be the first ballet company for three decades to perform in Havana tomorrow, on its first visit to Cuba in its 78-year history – every ticket was sold within hours.
The tour will feature an appearance by Cuba's star dancer, Carlos Acosta, who helped to broker the five-day visit by Britain's most elite ballet stars.
The ballet company's presence in Cuba not only points towards a deepening political rapprochement between the British government and Castro's regime, but it is billed as one of the greatest cultural events to take place in Cuba. The last foreign ballet company to perform was the Soviet-run Bolshoi ballet nearly 30 years ago.
The programmes will feature a variety of the company's repertory, including Wayne McGregor's Chroma, Frederick Ashton's A Month in the Country and Swan Lake, Don Quixote and Giselle. The Company's 96 dancers arrived in Havana at the end of last week accompanied by 50 technicians.
The director of the Royal Ballet, Dame Monica Mason, said the passion for dance in Cuba was one of the main reasons for holding the tour: "Dance is central to the culture in Cuba. It's at the very heart of the Cuban people."
The five shows are part of a tribute to the Cuban ballet legend Alicia Alonso, who, at age 88 and despite being partially blind, continues to head the National Ballet of Cuba, which she helped found 60 years ago.
Dame Mason said the tribute to Alonso would include a dance from Giselle, one of her best-known performances. Alonso, who danced in the US and Europe, took over the Cuban ballet shortly after Castro's revolution. Julian Gonzalez, the president of Cuba's National Council for Visual Arts, said tickets to the performances had sold out "in a matter of hours".
Acosta had used his Cuban contacts to ensure the tour took place, ballet executives said. Acosta, considered one of the world's best dancers, was Alonso's student before leaving Cuba.
Acosta will lead the company in the its first performance of Kenneth MacMillan's Manon in Cuba on Thursday.
He said: "I'm very excited to be going home to Cuba with my extended family, The Royal Ballet.
"This is the first time that the company has ever been to Cuba and I'm proud to have been able to play a part in making this happen.
"I'm very excited to be dancing Manon. None of the MacMillan ballets have been performed in Cuba before, so this is going to be a really extraordinary visit. I can't wait to see the reaction, both the Cubans to The Royal Ballet and the company to the Cubans."
The Royal Ballet will dance at the Gran Teatro in central Havana for the first three days before moving to Karl Marx Teatro. Four performances will be shown live on big-screen televisions placed outside near the Gran Teatro.
Cuba's National Ballet is also scheduled to perform in Britain next year, accompanied by Acosta, the Royal Ballet's principal guest dancer.
When Castro came to power in 1959, he made a commitment to make the arts available to everyone and gave $200,000 to Alonso, who had supported the revolution. Under the new system of state funding, the ballet became a key part of Cuba's national identity.
http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/news/cubans-clamour-for-royal-ballet-tickets-1743366.html
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iRoot for Windows 7/10/8/8.1/XP/Vista PC/Laptop Free Download
iRoot for Windows PC: To understand the app iRoot, one must understand what this app does. Rooting is basically a process of being able to have a full control on your device. That means you can have control as though you have developed the software of the device yourself. Having a full control on the device after rooting the android device helps you to optimize the device as per your own convenience.
Suppose if one does not use the email app provided in the Stock ROM, he can root the phone and can delete the email application which is not possible without rooting the phone. iRoot for Windows is available on Windows operating systems from Windows 7 and upwards. You can download the application for the computer online from the official site 'Irootdownload.net' It is one of the simplest application wherein you don't have to anything much more than downloading and installing.
Free Download iRoot for Windows 10/8.1/8/7/Vista/XP & Mac Laptop
You just need to follow some simple steps post downloading and installing the application. The latest version of iRoot application that is available to download is v2.2.1 that will be able to root any android device having an Android Operating System from 2.2 or above.
iRoot for PC Requirements Are as Follows
A PC with Windows Operating System.
An Android device which has Android operating system of 2.2 or above.
USB cable for connecting the Android device to the computer.
USB driver is installed on the computer properly.
More than 80% battery in the device to be on the safer side.
How to Root Android Device With iRoot Application
Download the latest version of iRoot on the computer of a laptop from the website mentioned above.
Enable the USB debugging mode on the Android device. This could be done by going to the settings on the Android device and going in 'About Phone' and tapping on the 'Build Number' which is the last option in the list 5 times. You become a developer after doing this.
The message flashes on the screen as 'You have now become a developer' which creates an extra option in the settings that is 'Developer option'. There you can an option to switch on and off the 'USB debugging' under the section of 'Debugging'.
Connect the Android device to the computer or laptop with the help of a USB cable. It is to be noted that the USB should be connected to the USB 3.0 port of the computer if available or else you can connect to any of the USB port.
Start the iRoot application and then it will ask you the model number of the Android device that you want to root. Fill in the correct details and follow as the instructions flash on the screen.
At the end you will find the option 'Root', click on that and just wait for your phone to be rooted.
How to Install iRoot for Windows 8/8.1/10/7 & Mac Laptop?
Find the official IRoot setup file and download it
You can get the files from the zip files. Get it extracted from your desired location.
Then, double click on the .exe file and proceed with the installation
You can select a suitable drive to save it. Now, iRoot is good to go.
You need to unlock the Bootloader of your Android device before starting the rooting process. And it should be noted that once the Android device has been rooted, you lose the warranty of the phone i.e if something happens to the phone while rooting or after the process, you won't be able to retain the warranty of the phone. But it never happens that things go wrong with the help of iRoot on PC. So enjoy your rooted phone and optimize it as per your preferences by installing iRoot for Windows 10/8.1/7/8 Computer.
Download Brain It On for PC/Laptop on Windows 8/10/8.1/7/XP/Vista & Mac
CamScanner for Laptop, PC on Windows 8.1/10/8/7/XP/Vista & Mac


Bundyology - Episode "Proud to Be Your Bud"
First camera shot: Peggy sitting on the couch manicuring her fingernails.
Synopsis: The family thinks Bud has flipped when they overhear his basement conversations with his "cool" alter-ego, who has grown weary of Bud's failures with women. Also, Al has a battle with a voice mail system in an effort to get parts for the Dodge.
General note: "The Unnatural" (0504) also has a scene which is inspired by a movie about Jackson.
Music: "Lonely Boy" by Paul Anka.
References: The episode title refers to a slogan by Budweiser beer.


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Home Ekholm: "Time has proven Erics...
Ekholm: "Time has proven Ericsson to be a trusted partner in China"
At MWC Shanghai, Ericsson's President and CEO, Börje Ekholm, talks about Ericsson's innovative partnerships in Asia and how it is unlocking the vast potential of 5G for service providers and industries there.
News | Jun 26, 2019
5G Automation #SmartManufacturing #MWCShanghai #Industry4.0
In the latest edition of the Ericsson Mobility Report, Ericsson estimates that 5G subscriptions are expected to reach 1.9 billion in 2024 – 400 million more than earlier forecasts. This faster-than-expected growth is important for economies across the globe, especially China, where 5G where serve as the backbone for a new digital paradigm.
At the GTI Summit, held in connection with MWC Shanghai 2019, Ericsson's President and CEO, Börje Ekholm, illustrated how Ericsson is using its insights from early 5G deployments to help industries capture the technology's vast potential.
"Connectivity will be critical to digitalizing the economy, and we see 5G as the necessary backbone of this development. This is a fundamental shift for mobility - from empowering consumers to empowering industries," Ekholm says.
This is already happening in many parts of the world, including China. For example, Ericsson is cooperating there with China Mobile's Jiangsu branch and RoboTechnik. As part of an Industry 4.0 project, Ericsson deployed a "hybrid network" solution in a RoboTechnik factory that combined 4G and 5G, private and commercial networks, as well as a central and edge cloud to meet requirements of safety production and management.
5G, together with AI, cloud and edge computing, represent one the most powerful technology platforms ever created. The potential of these technologies builds on a synergy of key components, each powerful in its own rite, but combined will enable a fundamental shift.
"We are standing at a historical moment. The possibilities of the 4th Industrial Revolution are limited only by our imagination, as we work to tackle everything from climate issues to the role of technology in our societies," says Ekholm.
"Automation is also critical," he says. "We are developing and deploying AI-based managed services solutions to improve network quality and consumer experiences and have already successfully integrated the first online deployment for AI-based cell issue classification to improve network performance."
Ericsson recently announced a partnership with KDDI in Japan to implement an AI-based solution that automatically finds optimal radio network parameters in the network. This results in increased spectrum efficiency between bands and improved throughput. In a series of trials conducted in dense urban areas, we improved network throughput for KDDI by nearly 10 percent.
Ericsson has a long history in China – delivering solutions there already in 1894. Since then, the company has contributed to every generation of technology in the Chinese telecommunications industry.
"Time has proven that Ericsson is a trusted partner in China," says Ekholm. "Ericsson remains committed to China and will continue to support our customers and China's development with the same courage, faith and vision, just like when we started out our journey here more than 125 years ago."


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Today in Soap Opera History (August 23)
1960: Alan was unhappy with Susan on The Secret Storm.
1984: Jonathan had Nola Star Trek style fantasy on Guiding Light.
2000: Jensen Ackles made his last appearance on Days of our Lives.
2006: Jeffrey Carlson debuted as Zarf on All My Children.
"History speaks to artists. It changes the artist's thinking and is constantly reshaping it into different and unexpected images."
― Anselm Kiefer
1960: On The Secret Storm, Bryan Fuller (Carl King) was invited over for dinner with Susan (Mary Foskett) and Alan Dunbar (James Vickery), who was less than thrilled about it.
Find out more about The Secret Storm in Remembering Woodbridge: A History of the Late, Great 'Secret Storm'.
Patty Weaver
1966: On Another World, Danny Fargo (Antony Ponzini) and Missy Palmer (Carol Roux) were married.
1974: Patty Weaver debuted as Trish Clayton on Days of our Lives.
1979: On Guiding Light, Dr. Margaret Sedwick (Margaret Gwenver) told Justin Marler (Tom O'Rourke) and Eve Stapleton McFarren that Jackie Spaulding (Cindy Pickett) had lost her baby.
Thanks to Jennifer for sending in the clip above.
1984: On Guiding Light, Nola (Lisa Brown) was determined to give Jonathan (Damion Scheller) a normal childhood, which led to his "Star Trek" fantasy where he destroys Nola with a mind meld.
1995: Actress Leslie Graves, who played Brenda Clegg on the CBS daytime soap opera Capitol, died at age 35.
1996: On General Hospital, Bobbie (Jackie Zeman) caught Stefan (Stephen Nichols) snooping in Room 666.
2000: Jensen Ackles aired for the final time as Eric Brady on Days of our Lives.
2001: On As the World Turns, Donna Love (Anna Stuart) decided to become the nanny to Jake and Vicky's twins.
2001: On Days of our Lives, Chloe (Nadia Bjorlin) and Brady (Kyle Lowder) sang "Sixteen Going On Seventeen."
2004: On One Life to Live, Nora Buchanan (Hillary B. Smith) and Daniel Colson (Mark Dobies) went on a double date with John McBain (Michael Easton) and Evangeline Williamson (Renee Elise Goldsberry).
2012: On The Young and the Restless, thanks to Sister Celeste (Bonnie Franklin), Jake (Thomas F. Evans) offered amnesiac Victor Newman a shift at his bar but warned him to not cause any trouble.
Barbara Eden (ex-Lee Ann, Dallas) - 88
Rowena Wallace (ex-Mary, Neighbours; ex-June, Home and Away) - 72
Rick Springfield (ex-Noah, General Hospital) - 70
Frank Runyeon (ex-Steve, As the World Turns; ex-Michael, Santa Barbara; ex-Forrest, All My Children; ex-Simon, General Hospital; ex-Ed, Another World) - 66
Charles Busch (ex-Peg, One Life to Live) - 65
Chris Potter (ex-Evan, The Young and the Restless; ex-David, Queer as Folk) - 59
Alli Brown (ex-Sarah, Days of our Lives) - 51
Ray Park (ex-Edgar, Heroes) - 46
Andrew Rannells (Guest Star, Glee) - 41
Brandon Tyler (ex-Philip, Days of our Lives) - 37
Annie Ilonzeh (ex-Joanna, Arrow; ex-Lana, Switched at Birth; ex-Maya, General Hospital) - 36
Kim Matula (ex-Tiffany, UnREAL; ex-Hope, The Bold and the Beautiful) - 31
Karolina Sivas (Vivie, Broken at Love) - 31
Categories: As The World Turns, Birthdays, Frank Runyeon, General Hospital, Guiding Light, History, Kim Matula, One Life to Live, Rick Springfield, The Bold and the Beautiful, The Young and the Restless
YOUNG AND RESTLESS Actor John Driscoll Asked For Restraining Order Against Fan; Takes Paternity Test
For the second time in a week comes a story of a soap opera actor having a conflict with a fan that crosses a line that leads to the courts...
Today in Soap Opera History (September 26)
1986: Bobby was alive and well on Dallas ; his death was a dream. 1994: All My Children's Erica visited her mother's grave. 199...


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Home Bodybuilding DecaDuro Review: Benefits, Side Effects, Results, Ingredients, Does it Work?
DecaDuro Review: Benefits, Side Effects, Results, Ingredients, Does it Work?
Decaduro is a food supplement manufactured and dispensed by Crazybulk. This is an authentic steroid which helps in effectively building your body mass. To say the least this is the most effective and powerful mass building steroid of all time. Basically, this food supplement is derived from norstesterone, a hormone that is second only to testosterone.
The ingredients with which Decaduro is made from determine its effectiveness. Decaduro formula is made to achieve the highest level of effectiveness. Among its ingredients include; Wild yam root, L-Arginine Alpha Keto Gluterate, Acetyl L-Carnitine, L-Citrulline, Korean Ginseng and DHEA. A lot of research in developing this supplement revealed that when the ingredients are combined, your muscle growth will be increased like never before.
Decaduro works in your body to increase protein synthesis in your body. Without protein synthesis you would not be able to gain muscles. However, the human body can only manufacture too much protein, but there is a limit required for the limit of growth in muscles. Taking this supplement would increase the frequency of muscle growth in your body which would in turn increase the rate at which muscles grow.
You can buy Decaduro online from the manufacturer's website. Buying from the affiliate link gives you the benefit of buying at reduced rates.
Decaduro does not have any effects whatsoever. However, unlike other steroids, it does not cause dizziness, prostrate, baldness or acne. Among its other positive side effects includes appetite and bone density. Deca also enhances the production of red blood cells therefore translating into greater endurance in athletes.
So why look any further when Deca is the safest alternative for fast protein synthesis, mass building and quick recovery! The main reason why you should not take illegal steroids is the fact that they are unsafe. With illegal steroids you can be sure of suffering side effects but with Decaduro there are no side effects. With Decaduro you will definitely get the best value for your money.


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Gene therapy takes on genetic hearing loss
Megan Barrett
Most of us take our ability to hear for granted. Yet for at least one child in every 1000 births, the sound of a bird chirping or car alarm sounding is but a figment of their imagination.[1] Childhood hearing loss can have a significant impact on a child's academic and social life and, around half of the time, can be traced back to an abnormality in certain genes. Faults in one of the genes encoding an important group of proteins called connexins, found in the cochlea of our inner ears, are particularly common in children with severe hearing loss. This has led scientists to question whether the replacement or 'supplementation' of these faulty connexin genes, by a process known as gene therapy, could help restore hearing in this form of genetic hearing loss. Now, for the first time, a lab group in Japan has used this technique to treat mice with connexin-related hearing loss whilst in the womb, successfully enabling them to hear when they are born.
The cochlea is a fundamental structure of our inner ears involved in enabling us to hear. This is where sound vibrations from the middle ear are transformed into electrical signals by special receptor cells called hair cells, before being passed to the brain. The activation of hair cells in the presence of a sound is a complex process but essentially involves the movement of positively charged potassium ions (K+) from the endolymph (a solution found in one of the compartments of the cochlea) into the hair cells, causing them to become activated and send electrical signals to the brain: see Figure 1. Once the sound has passed, K+ ions are then released from the hair cells and recycled back into the endolymph, ready to begin the whole process again.[2]
Figure 1: Simplified illustration of the movement of potassium (K+) ions and the location of connexins in the endolymph-containing compartment of the cochlea.
This is where connexin proteins are thought to come in. These proteins are found between the 'non-hair' cells which line the endolymph-containing compartment of the cochlea within structures called gap junctions. Since gap junctions are responsible for allowing the movement of ions between cells, it seems logical to suggest that connexins are important to hearing by permitting K+ ions to be recycled back into the endolymph.[2]
The necessity of connexins to the integrity of hair cells and the ability to hear has been demonstrated previously in both humans and mice. For instance, mice generated without functional connexin proteins display severe hearing loss and show significant hair cell degeneration within the first few months of life.[3] Genetic studies in humans with severe hearing loss have also found faults in genes encoding various connexin proteins known to be housed in the cochlea.
Based on such findings, Toru Miwa and colleagues from Kumamoto University in Japan set out to test whether they could replace faulty connexin genes with healthy ones, as a way of treating connexin-related hearing loss. To do so, they injected healthy versions of connexin genes into the embryos of connexin deficient mice; specifically targeting the region of the embryo destined to become the left ear.[1] This would allow for a comparison between the left, treated ears and the right, non-treated ears of the mice. They then waited with anticipation for the mice to be born.
The wait was well worth it. Post-birth, Miwa's team found functional connexin proteins expressed in the left ears of the mice, while the right, untreated ears remained deficient. What was more exciting was that the mice could hear with their left ears, but not their right.[1] This was determined using a method similar to the one used in human hearing tests; by measuring the level of brain activity in response to sounds delivered to each ear. While low or non-existent levels of brain activity were recorded when the mice were using their right ears to hear, sounds delivered to their left ears produced significant brain activity, even at low sound levels. The gene therapy to replace the faulty connexin genes had been a success and had restored the hearing of these mice!
Miwa and colleagues' results provide significant evidence to suggest that connexin-related genetic hearing loss may be treated using gene therapy. Although this is so far only true for mice with the condition, the idea of using healthy versions of faulty genes to treat genetic hearing loss is a highly exciting prospect and could be applicable to other genes related to this condition, thus widening its use. Maybe one day, children with genetic hearing loss won't have to imagine what the world around them sounds like and can be as annoyed as the rest of us at that car alarm going off around the corner.
T. Miwa, R Minoda, M Ise, et al, Mouse otocyst transuterine gene transfer restores hearing in mice with connexin 30 deletion-associated hearing loss, Molecular Therapy. 21, pp. 1142–1150, 2013.
H Zhao, T Kikuchi, A Ngezahayo, et al, Gap junctions and cochlear homeostasis, Journal of Membrane Biology. 209, pp. 177–186, 2006.
B Teubner, V Michel, J Pesch, et al, Connexin30 (Gjb6)-deficiency causes severe hearing impairment and lack of endocochlear potential, Human Molecular Genetics 12, pp. 13–21, 2003.


Bobby MaGee Lopez was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico, the son of a Vietnam veteran and a free-spirited Hotel Manager. His mother and father's work moved them from New Mexico, Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina before settling in Florida. Each home was situated on the National Cemetery grounds where Bobby would play as a child. At eight years old his parents divorced which required Bobby to begin splitting time between Florida and Colorado, setting the precedent for a life of travel.
His passion for art began at an early age, drawing with his father and sewing with his mother. Bobby MaGee, named after the Janis Joplin hit, had his first drawing classes with a local artist where he learned form and discipline. He was then enrolled into the Bemis Art School at age ten where he learned to work with several mediums, organize successful visual compositions, and practiced calligraphy. Showing a continued affinity for drawing, at fourteen he took lessons to learn how to draw realistically. He continued to draw and practice his calligraphy throughout high school, using his skills to start a custom design business.
Upon graduation, he enrolled at the Art Institute of Colorado to study Graphic Design. He received his Associates Degree and finished his studies at Metropolitan State University of Denver. During this period, he shifted his focus to painting and spatial media, working with renowned artist and professor Carlos Fresquez. Here Bobby learned to paint murals, work with contemporary materials and build installations.
In the same month he graduated from university, Bobby MaGee Lopez opened Innerspace Art Gallery in the River North (RiNo) Art District of Denver, CO. He ran a successful contemporary art gallery for two years, having exhibitions nearly every month. In 2014 Bobby began splitting his time between his studio in Denver, CO and Maui, Hawaii, pursuing his passion for simple and sustainable living. He has recently completed a seven-month tour, executing several new art projects in Colorado and California, and having a solo art show.
Lopez specializes in mural painting, integrating elements of esoteric knowledge, existentialism, and spirituality in the form of pattern and figure. Emphasis is placed on representing natural vibrations with timeless and contemporary arrangements. Many examples of his art can be found around Denver, as well as California and Hawaii in the form of monumental murals, gallery shows, and live painting performances.