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Can Surrogacy Remake the World?
Commercial surrogacy, the practice of paying a woman to carry and birth a child whom she will not parent, is largely unregulated in America. It's illegal, with rare exceptions, in three states: New York, Louisiana, and Michigan. But, most states have no surrogacy laws at all. Though the technology was invented in 1986, the concept still seems, for many, a bit sci-fi, and support for it does not follow obvious political fault lines. It is typically championed by the gay-rights community, who see it as the only reproductive technology that allows gay men to have biological children, and condemned by some feminists, who see it as yet another business that exploits the female body. In June, when the New York State Assembly considered a bill that would legalize paid surrogacy, Gloria Steinem vigorously opposed it. "Under this bill, women in economic need become commercialized vessels for rent, and the fetuses they carry become the property of others," Steinem wrote in a statement.
In a new book, "Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against the Family," the author Sophie Lewis makes a forceful argument for legalization. Lewis takes little interest in the parents. It's the surrogates who concern her. Regulation, she says, is the only way for them to avoid exploitation. Lewis frequently, if reluctantly, compares surrogacy to sex work, another industry that persists despite being illegal. Banning these jobs is pointless, Lewis says, aside from giving privileged feminists something to do, and making the work more dangerous. "Surrogacy bans uproot, isolate, and criminalize gestational workers, driving them underground and often into foreign lands, where they risk prosecution," she writes. "As with sex work, the question of being for or against surrogacy is largely irrelevant. The question is, why is it assumed that one should be more against surrogacy than other risky jobs."
Lewis does not offer straightforward policy suggestions. Her approach to the material is theoretical, devious, a mix of manifesto and memoir. Early in the book, she struggles to understand why anyone would want to get pregnant in the first place, and later she questions whether continuing the human race is a good idea. But she is solemn and unsparing in her assessment of the status quo. A portion of the book studies the Akanksha Fertility Clinic, in India, a surrogacy center that, according to Lewis, severely underpays and mistreats its workers. (Nayana Patel, who runs the clinic, has argued that Akanksha pays surrogates more than they would make at other jobs.) All of the Akanksha surrogates are required to have children of their own already, ostensibly because they know how difficult it is to raise a child and are therefore less likely to want to keep the ones they're carrying.
According to Lewis, Akanksha surrogates have to live at the clinic and leave their children in the care of family. It's unclear how much money the surrogates take home afterward—especially once the scouts take their cut. What especially frustrates Lewis is that, despite the obvious sacrifices of pregnancy and of being away from family, the Akanksha clinicians and clients are still skittish about referring to surrogacy as "work." Akanksha offers surrogates classes in embroidery and candle-making, and its promotional literature assures prospective parents that surrogacy is more than a job—it's a ladder to a new life. According to Lewis, the surrogates usually deliver via C-section when they are thirty-six weeks pregnant, "shaving five weeks or so off production time, delivering the baby just-in-time for collection." These clinics are factories, Lewis writes—why pretend otherwise?
Lewis's occasionally blithe humor belies a surprisingly earnest argument. She wants to legitimate surrogacy in order to legitimate a more communal way of raising children. One could say that she's ready to "cancel" the family unit. "Unabashedly interested in family abolition, I want us to look to waged gestational assistance specifically insofar as it illuminates the possibilities of its imminent destruction by something completely different," she writes. Gestational surrogacy makes it more difficult to name the "biological mother" with complete certainty, and this sort of murkiness strikes Lewis as the best possible world in which to raise children. The "polymaternal" ideal, Lewis argues, already exists for rich children, whose parents are able to purchase "full surrogacy" by hiring "wet nurses, nannies, ayahs, and mammies." Lewis thinks that such a childhood should be available to all.
Lewis fantasizes about replacing the modern family with a "classless commune," where children don't belong to anyone—a commune that would eventually render commercial surrogacy obsolete. "Another surrogacy is possible," she writes. India recently banned commercial surrogacy; now all surrogacy in the country must be unpaid, or "altruistic." Volunteer surrogacy may sound like a perfect way to encourage communal child-rearing, but Lewis says that, in practice, altruistic surrogacy usually has the same dynamic as commercial surrogacy, insofar as a woman still gets pregnant with a wealthier woman's baby. (She writes that unpaid surrogacy should concern "those who understand how Indian class society works.") And, for Lewis, even in the most open-minded arrangement, where the surrogate remains in the child's life, the basic family structure remains the same. The surrogate is an appendage of the nuclear family, relegated to the fringe.
Lewis wants something else, something far more sweeping. "Let's prefigure a way of manufacturing one another noncompetitively. Let's hold one another hospitably, explode notion of hereditary parentage, and multiply real, loving solidarities. Let us build a care commune based on comradeship, a world sustained by kith and kind more than by kin," she writes. In other words, if it "takes a village" to raise a child, then why don't we will such a village into existence? Why are we so committed to the traditional biological family when so many children feel stymied and exhausted by their parents, and so many parents feel stymied and exhausted by their children? Lewis blames capitalism, a system in which, she argues, everyone needs a home team—people to root for, and to fall back on when things go south. She implores her reader not just to redraw the teams but to reinvent the game entirely: "We are the makers of one another. And we could learn collectively to act like it. It is those truths that I wish to call real surrogacy, full surrogacy." Nowhere in her book does she mention maternity leave or affordable child care. These are merely concessions to a system—a system that she hopes to uproot.
Lewis rigorously argues for the world she wants to create, but her book is too polemical to rigorously imagine it. That task is handled, in part, by Joanne Ramos's début novel, "The Farm." "The Farm" is a largely naturalistic book set in a modern-day New York, where the immigrants live in Flushing and the rich live on Park Avenue. But there's one speculative twist: surrogacy is legal, and the "Hosts," as Ramos calls them, have no regulatory protections. The book's premise appears to be loosely based on Gloria Steinem's nightmares.
Most of the story takes place at Golden Oaks, an upscale surrogacy clinic in upstate New York where the Hosts, most of them black or Filipina, live in seclusion while they attend to the fetuses growing inside them. Gestation is considered a full-time job; the days at Golden Oaks have the same intense orderliness of a factory floor. Many of the women are former domestic workers or nannies or health aides, and have found that caring for a fetus is more lucrative than caring for a person. They have little, if any, interaction with the clients. A client may be a war lord or a Nobel Prize winner; she may be perfectly capable of getting pregnant but would rather have someone else do it. The Hosts are not allowed to care. They must deliver a healthy baby if they want to receive their bonus—the "big money," as the women call it.
Like the surrogates at Akanksha, most Hosts at Golden Oaks have only signed on because they need that money to support families of their own, whom they are not allowed to see for the duration of their contract. "The Farm" is an ensemble book, told from the perspective of four different characters, but its hero is Jane, a Filipina-American woman in her early twenties, who turns to Golden Oaks after she's fired from her baby-nurse job and can find no better way to support her infant daughter.
For a novel about the ruthlessness of capitalism, Ramos demonstrates remarkable tenderness for her characters. In another writer's hands, Mae, the director of Golden Oaks, would be wholly diabolical, but in Ramos's depiction she is only moderately so—a perky middle manager obsessed with earning the trust of her bosses and the respect of the rich white kids she met at Harvard Business School, where she was among the minority of students who paid their own tuition. Mae is biracial (her father is Chinese), and she sees the Hosts as co-travellers on her journey of upward mobility. When she describes a job at Golden Oaks as a "gateway to a better life," she appears to mostly believe what she's saying. She sees surrogacy as work, but, unlike Lewis, who believes that work is inherently oppressive, Mae thinks that work can set you free. "It's isn't like we force our Hosts to be Hosts," she tells a prospective surrogate in an early scene. "They choose to work for us freely—I'd argue: happily."
The prospect, Reagan, is something of a special case. In Golden Oaks parlance, Reagan is a "Premium Host"—college-educated and white. But it doesn't take much to get her onboard. She could use the money—her father is too conventional to pay for an M.F.A. in photography—and she's a restless spirit, desperate for moral clarity and "the knowledge that she is doing something inarguably worthwhile." She's drawn to the purity of being a Host. "Life, the very act of it, is blindingly, stupendously courageous," Reagan thinks. Lewis, of course, would disagree with the idea that creating new life is inherently valuable. "The fact that gestation 'makes an economic contribution' or 'makes the world go round' is nothing much to be proud of, given the state of the world," she writes. "I'm more impressed by contributions gestating might make to this world's destruction."
Reagan is the only character in the book who insists on the sanctity of her job. We never meet her client—or, indeed, any of the clients. We get only their résumés: fashion tycoon, tech giant, the richest woman in China. They could be decent people, and even remarkable parents. Ramos's richly ambivalent novel leaves the possibility open, even as she details how the Hosts at Golden Oaks are denied basic rights. At one point, a Catholic surrogate is forced to have an abortion after a doctor discovers that the fetus has a possible birth defect. (The reader does not witness the procedure; Ramos is almost too devoted to her characters to linger on their pain, and the novel skips over any childbirth scenes.) What's apparent at the novel's end is that, while a life-altering thing—a baby!—has entered the clients' lives, their surrogates, even after earning the "big money," are in similar circumstances to those they were in at the story's beginning. "The Farm" does not take a clear stance on the ethics of surrogacy itself, but, like Lewis's book, it makes a mockery of Mae's claim that such a job is "a gateway to a better life." For the Hosts at Golden Oaks, surrogacy is merely a new way to tread water.
In her 2002 memoir, "Love Works Like This," the writer and psychologist Lauren Slater discovers that she is pregnant and decides to list the pros and cons of parenthood. Under cons, she writes: "Less time for friends, less time for work, less money, famous women writers who had children?" The list goes on. Under pros, she has just one item: "Learning a new kind of love." She ends up keeping the baby.
The pull of this mysterious variety of love is not something Lewis contends with in her book. For the sake of her argument, she focusses on the system, rather than the people who compose it. Parental love is many things: devotional, magnificent, demented, myopic. It's a love that motivates terrific sacrifice and heroism, as well as terrible acts of greed. It drives otherwise prudent people to discard caution, whether by emigrating to another country or by bribing a child's way into college.
While Lewis would like to replace this inherited love with a more logical kind of affection, one based on earned affinity or "kith and kind," Ramos's novel explores the warped devotion of parents. One character in "The Farm," Ate, tirelessly works as a cook, a maid, and a baby nurse to support her disabled adult son in the Philippines, whom she hasn't seen for more than twenty years. "Everything Ate did was for him," Jane observes. Jane is quarantined at Golden Oaks when her one-year-old, Mali, takes her first steps and speaks her first words. She, too, "would do anything for Mali." And the clients, of course, are willing to "do anything" for their unborn children—that's why they've come to Golden Oaks in the first place.
But the question, for both Ramos and Lewis, isn't about what we'd do for our children. It's about what we'd do for other people's children. At one point in "Full Surrogacy Now," Lewis recalls a memory from her own childhood. One afternoon, driving in the car with her father, she insouciantly asked how he would feel if it turned out that she wasn't his—that they weren't biologically related after all. "There was a stony, awkward silence that made clear to me I was not going to get the answer I needed," Lewis writes. "I felt so devastated that, for the rest of the drive, I could not speak." Her father's love, she realized, was contingent on their shared genetics. This was a profound betrayal. Her book, like Ramos's, tries to depict a new conception of love—a love freed from structures of biology or circumstance, a love that recognizes that children belong to everyone.
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How to Make the Most of Moab's Fascinating Culture
by Emma Walker
Moab, UT
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Moab is home to a thriving arts scene inspired by the natural beauty, a robust cultural and intellectual community, and a vibrant, welcoming atmosphere. Arches National Park
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The high desert has a reputation for being inhospitable. And with sheer canyon walls and lack of shade and water, it's not entirely untrue. Moab certainly fits the bill in these areas, but it couldn't be less desolate. In fact, Moab is home to a thriving arts scene inspired by the natural beauty, a robust cultural and intellectual community, and a vibrant, welcoming atmosphere.
Once a strategic Colorado River crossing point on the Old Spanish Trail, Moab earned its Biblical name when its first postmaster noticed similarities between the area and the eastern banks of the Jordan River. (An alternate theory about its name points to the Paiute word for "mosquito" as the inspiration for the town's name.)
Crossing the Colorado at Moab was largely rendered obsolete when the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad was constructed 40 miles north of the town in 1883. Still, Moab got by on a mostly agricultural economy for the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Crossing the Colorado at Moab was largely rendered obsolete when the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad was constructed. Patricia Henschen
By the 1920s, uranium and vanadium had been discovered in the area, followed by potash and, eventually, oil and gas. As nuclear power and weapons came into existence, Moab earned renown as the "Uranium Capital of the World," a designation that lasted until the end of the Cold War.
Still, Moab's natural surroundings continued to make it a major destination, this time for film and TV. Dozens of movie scenes, commercials, and television shows have been filmed in the area around Moab since the 1930s. This includes plenty of Westerns, of course, but also films of other genres: the opening of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, the iconic ending of Thelma and Louise, City Slickers II, Con Air, *and *Transformers, to name just a few. You can get a glimpse of the wide-ranging filming here at the Moab Museum of Film and Western Heritage, located at Red Cliffs Lodge and Winery, just up the River Road (State Highway 128) from town.
Moab has countless races and community events held each year. Mark
These days, thanks to its location on the banks of the Colorado River, not to mention its proximity to two national parks (Arches and Canyonlands), a state park (Dead Horse Point), countless square miles of locally managed recreation areas, and the snow-capped La Sal Mountains, Moab sees more than its fair share of outdoor recreational tourism each year. Adventurers are drawn from all over the world to hike, climb, mountain bike, raft, and camp around Moab, and tourism has a major economic impact on the town. It's also a huge part of the culture here, with countless races and community events held each year.
The local scene isn't just dirtbag climbers and adventure outfitters, though. The town also holds wide-ranging community events throughout the year, the likes of which you might expect from a bigger population center like Salt Lake City, about four hours to the northwest. This little Western town packs a real cultural punch.
Moab Photography Symposium
The Moab Photography Symposium classes let out just before sunset so photographers get to apply what they've learned. Bruce Hucko/Moab Photography Symposium
With some of the most dramatic scenery you'll find anywhere in North America, it's no wonder Moab draws photographer from around the globe. The Moab Photography Symposium, put on in May, has been running workshops, hosting speakers, and putting on exhibitions since 2004. Half-day workshops include "Visual Metaphors," "Captivating Color," and "The Edge of Reality," and a field workshop offers participants a chance to get one-on-one instruction time while shooting. Class lets out just before sunset so photographers get to apply what they've learned.
Moab Music Festival
Held in late summer, the Moab Music Festival uses the acoustics of the area's towering sandstone cliffs—the naturally occurring amphitheaters make the perfect concert venue. The festival first appeared in 1992, and since then, organizers have sought to bring attendees "music in concert with the landscape." In addition to the grottoes reached by jetboat, concerts are also held in town at the Grand County High School auditorium, city park, and various other locations. The once-in-a-lifetime experience is bookended by Musical Raft Trips through Westwater and Cataract Canyons.
Plein Air Moab
Plein Air Moab takes advantage of the cooler weather to get artists into the surrounding parks to paint. Dave Bezaire
From the French expression en plein air, which refers to open-air painting, Plein Air Moab takes advantage of the cooler October weather to get artists into the surrounding parks to paint. There are workshops on water media and oil painting, plus drawing and painting competitions at Castle Creek Winery, downtown, and at Dead Horse Point State Park. Plein Air also features a public art sale. In 2017, the first annual Moab ArTTrails sculpture exhibition will combine the gorgeous walking paths around town with local art.
Moab Folk Festival
The Moab Folk Festival offers everything from live music outdoors to jam sessions, and workshops. Reggie Barrett/Moab Folk Festival
For 15 years, November's Moab Folk Festival has gathered folk musicians and music lovers for a weekend of live music around town. Regular jam sessions take place post-concert at Eddie McStiff's downtown. If you're really a folk enthusiast and want to play music, too, head out a week early for the Moab Folk Camp, which offers workshops on specific instruments, singing, songwriting, outdoor photography, and outdoor performance art. (A few select workshops are held at the Festival itself, too.)
Originally written for Utah Office of Tourism.
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Last Thursday, Google announced video chat for Android with Google Talk. "Google Talk with video and voice chat will gradually roll out to Nexus S devices in the next few weeks as part of the Android 2.3.4 over-the-air update." apogee82, over a xda-developers.com, posted a link to the file for a manual update.
The file in that link is only for Nexus S phones upgrading from build number GRI40 – stock Android 2.3.3.
You'll see a triangle with an exclamation mark in the center. Hold the power button and then press volume up and use the volume key to select "apply update from /sdcard" and press the power button.
Video chat works OK over WiFi. I haven't tried it on a 3G connection yet. The Google Mobile Blog post says, "You can make calls over a 3G or 4G data network (if your carrier supports it)." I've read a couple of anecdotal posts that said it didn't work on T-Mobile 3G.
Another improvement with the Android 2.3.4 update is that it seems to help the GPS in the Nexus S. The last time I used GPS Status and Toolbox, it took about two seconds to acquire a fix.


Once you make up your mind to sow the Gospel, the enemy will find ways to discourage and distract you. One moment, you feel empowered – ready to conquer the digital world, and the next moment, you are overwhelmed. You feel small and wonder if it's possible for God to work through your blog post, podcast, or article. You begin to compare the success of your work with others online, and the feeling of inadequacy is almost unbearable.
A prayer partner reminds you that there are others fighting with you.
In ministry, there are moments when I feel that the work I do means little. One day when that sense of inadequacy was particularly strong, I had a work-related call with an online missionary. What started out as a discussion about logistics, turned into a moment of sharing challenges we were facing and praying for each other. By the end of the conversation, we were assured that God was with us and we found new grace and strength to keep at it. In 1 Kings 19, Elijah exclaimed, "I alone am left." However, God later assured him that there were thousands who were still faithful to Him. God then instructed him to partner with Elisha in ministry.
A prayer partner serves as back up.
As a missionary, you're a soldier of Christ (2 Tim. 2:3). In battle, many times you will need others to cover you. Having someone to partner with you in prayer provides spiritual ammunition when you are running low. They can help you call on God for more grace and strength to deal with the situation at hand. Moses, a powerful servant of God who was able to work one of the mightiest miracles in the Bible, needed help to hold his arms up (Ex. 17:12) during the battle with the Amalekites. Like Moses, we will need others to help hold our arms up in ministry.
A prayer partner understands what you are experiencing.
In a struggle, it helps to have someone who understands your experience. God knew how important it was to have a Savior who could sympathize with humans (Heb. 4:15) and so Jesus came as a human who had feelings and emotions. A dedicated prayer partner is one who is willing to sympathize with you, understand what you are going through, and intercede for you and your ministry. When you partner with someone in prayer, you are willing to put self aside and bring the person before God in prayer. Even if an individual cannot completely understand your experience, prayer draws us closer together and makes us one in mind and heart.
A prayer partner helps you refocus on the mission.
As I mentioned earlier, the enemy will find various ways to distract you. Distractions can come in the form of people, ads online, a financial crisis – the list is endless. Your focus can also drift as you search for information on how to be more effective in your ministry. Before you know it, you're being led down an endless rabbit hole, branching off in a thousand directions. Taking the time to pray with your partner is like setting a drifting boat back on course. God has a way of speaking through people to remind us of our duties and obligations when we lose focus. So, whether you feel lost and don't know what your purpose is anymore, God can work through your prayer partner to help you refocus.
Now that we've covered how a prayer partner can help you, it's time to ask God to lead you to someone who is willing to use the weapon of prayer with you. Ask the Holy Spirit to give you guidance and lead you to a prayer partner who has a passion for soul-winning and can stand in the gap for you. What has your experience been like praying with someone? Share on our Facebook page.


Neal Page, a man followed by bad luck, only wants to get back home to Chicago for Thanksgiving. At the airport he meets a good-natured salesman named Del Griffith when their flight from New York to Chicago is diverted to Wichita, Kansas by bad weather. The two join forces to try and find their way back to Chicago, although Neal is increasingly annoyed by Del's personality. A series of misadventures forces them to use every form of transportation available, but each attempt to get home tests their new relationship. Every time Neal tries to split and make his way home alone, circumstances bring the two together again, much to Neal's consternation.


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Top 10 SF/Fantasy & Horror Debuts: 2020
The Light Years
By R. W. W. Greene.
Feb. 2020. 400p. Angry Robot, paper, $12.99 (9780857668363); e-book, $8.99 (9780857668394).
REVIEW. First published January 1, 2020 (Booklist).
After the fall of Earth, humans colonize other planets, some of which are at war while host to increasing numbers of refugees, with the destitute living in urban squalor while the rich flee to their mansions. Flying between worlds on relativistic space ships are Trader families, who experience months as years pass for the planet-bound. Hisako Sasaki, an unauthorized child on the planet Gaul, is contracted to marry the Trader Adem Sadiq before she's even born. Hisako grows up knowing her future is out of her control, while the Sadiq's discover an ancient lost ship with technology that could change everything. There are elements of a thriller story here, but this isn't about plot. Instead, it's a social and family drama with a focus on character study and world building. The novel is conceived around a set of questions: How would the time dilation of relativistic travel affect civilization? How would space travelers relate to the planet-bound? How would it alter our perceptions of history and our responsibilities to one another? Greene builds his immersive and socially complex world on these deeply human questions. The Light Years is a story of resistance and acceptance, anger and forgiveness, and the costs of our actions.
— John Keogh
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I try to make a regular one hour quiet time for my 3 year old daughter every afternoon but things usually end negatively. She has, from birth, been a high needs kiddo and playing by herself seems to be a challenge. A number of things may happen: she'll destroy whatever she has in the room (tear books apart), pee/poops on the floor, kicks and screams at the door, comes out several times (I say almost nothing and put her back), takes several stored items out of the closet which shouldn't be played with, and always comes up with "something" she needs to show me. She has books, legos, and a few bears in her room to play with. How can I successfully get her to stay in her room safely?


The SOS Sangiovese is here!
Wine makers William Downie and Jason Searle were looking for something unique for the latest addition to the Brand Design for SOS (Save Our Soul) range, a delectable Sangiovese!
The label for this Italian drop was inspired by 70's muscle cars and big gold chain blingness… The result a label in flocked navy felt, stamped in gold leaf. Fully!


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All references should appear at the end under Bibliographical References and should be organised by the letter with which the first surname begins and all authors should be listed (no longer use et al) and then the year.
Bibliographical references should be in New Times Roman 11 and should follow the following format (APA standard).
Robbins, L., 1932, An Essay on the Nature of Significance of Economic Science. St.Martin.
Wood A, 1975, A Theory of Profits, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Edited book. When the editor plans the content of the book and instead of doing it himself, he does it with the support of other colleagues and authors but under his approach and ideas and the book is submitted to a publisher for review. It should be referred to:
Suppe F, 1977, The Structure of Scientific Theories, (editor) University of Illinois Press, Urbana y Chicago.
Bugliarello, G. y Donner, D.B., 1979, The History and philosophy of Technology. (editor) , University of Illinois Press.
Coordinated book. When the author makes a selection of works and leads them through a peer review process with the aim of increasing the quality and uniformity of the works.
Taboada I E, 200, Hacia una nueva teoría de la empresa, (Coordinador), UAM- A, UAM-C y Ediciones EON, México
Compiled book. When the author only gathers the works resulting from an event and leads them through a light editing process to become uniform and to be published.
Mejía L J, Problemática y desarrollo municipal, (compilador), Universidad Ibero Americana y Plaza y Valdés editores, México.
Chapter of a book (edited, coordinated or compiled)
Tirole J, 2005, Hierarchies and Bureaucracies: On the Role of Collusion in Organizations, en, Mishra A (Editor), The Economics of Corruption, Readings in Economics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 63-103
Simon, H. (1979). Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations. American Economic Review, September, n° 69, p. 493-513.
Tiebout Ch , 1956, A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures, Journal of Political Economy, Num 64, p 416-24
Teece, D., Pisano G., 1994, The Dynamics Capabilities of Firms: An Introduction, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization Vol 27, Núm. 3, p 537-556
Article in a collective volume
Rosenberg, N., 1979, Technology economy in values. The history of Philosophy of Technology, G. Bugliarello and D.B Donner, (editor), University of Illinois Press, p. 81-11
Internet Content
"VII Simposio SIAME Helsinki 2011", Sociedad Ibero-Americana de Metodología Económica, consultado Noviembre 24, 2018 en https://www.siame-s.com/vii- simposio-helsinki-2011
Article in a news paper
Cardozo, O.R., (1989). "Teléfono con la Moneda". Clarín, Abril, 9, p. 14.
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Vocabulary is vital to communicating with others and understanding what one is reading. I know that information is known to everyone, but acknowledging it instead of taking it for granted adds important goals to your child's list of basic skills to master.
If your child is struggling with reading comprehension, then add more concentration of studying words in context. Encourage your children to look up words that they do not understand. Each of my children had their own small dictionary and thesaurus.
Many words have several different meanings each, study the meanings of the words and the part of speech.
There is more to analogies than the simple one above. Some analogies will require the student to decide what part of speech the words are because many words have more than one definition and will have more than one part of speech. An understanding and knowledge of words and their usage is essential for working advanced analogies. Below are some examples of high school analogies from Peterson's 1999 SAT Success.
3. e To rally is to get over a lose. To recover is to get over a disease.


text:
Sale promotes a champion spirit
The information presented on this page was originally released on April 12, 2007. It may not be outdated, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to quote or reference this information in a publication, please check with the Extension specialist or author before proceeding.
4-H, Youth Livestock
MISSISSIPPI STATE -- Organized 38 years ago to encourage youth to become involved in exhibiting livestock, the Dixie National Sale of Junior Champions still meets that goal and much more.
R.O. Buckley of Starkville said magnificent animals, hard-working youth and generous buyers are the key components in one of the best youth livestock sales in the country.
Buckley, now 89, was instrumental in establishing the sale. A charter member of the sales committee in the late 1960s, he promoted the sale beyond his retirement as a livestock specialist from Mississippi State University's Extension Service in 1979, serving on the sale committee for almost four decades. He remembers when the goal was to sell each animal just a little above the market price.
"We wanted to encourage other kids to try harder and to inspire more kids to get involved in the livestock program," Buckley said. "Over the years, the buyers have been faithful and generous. They want to help the kids and know it's a good program."
Since the sale began in 1970, buyers have paid more than $3.5 million for the champion and reserve champion market animals exhibited at the Dixie National by Mississippi's 4-H and FFA youth.
In this February's sale, the prices were more than "a little above" market prices. The 2007 grand champion steer tied the previous record of $17 per pound, a far cry from that month's national average market price of 91 cents per pound. Because of his size, the animal brought a record total of $22,916.
Buyers helped set a new record price for the grand champion lamb when they paid $60 per pound for a total price of $9,060. At a public bid sale, the price would have been closer to 82 cents per pound.
The grand champion market goat brought a record $80 per pound, significantly higher than the $1 per pound averages posted at public bid sales in February. Even though the grand champion hog did not set a record at $25 per pound, it was still much better than the 35 cents per pound live weight average.
"The buyers like the idea of rewarding the hard-working young people," said Bill Lampton, chairman of the sales committee. His family's company, Ergon, has been involved with the sale since the first years. He said the sales committee also works hard all year to round up buyers to take part in the sale each February.
"Sometimes buyers come from the exhibitor's community out in the state just to support that young person, but usually buyers return year after year because they appreciate the benefits of the program," he said.
Lampton said in 1993, the sales committee added scholarship opportunities for livestock exhibitors who did not have animals in the sale. They awarded a single $1,000 scholarship that year.
In 2007, the sales committee distributed $35,500 worth of scholarships to 33 exhibitors. The five largest scholarships, $1,500 each, were awarded to the premier exhibitors in beef, dairy, lambs, hogs and goats. Academic scholarships for $1,000 each went to 25 high school seniors. Additional $1,000 scholarships were awarded to three supreme exhibitors in the categories of dairy female, beef female and beef bull.
Dean Jousan, 4-H livestock specialist, said the scholarship requirements vary for each category, but all are the result of hard work and dedication.
"These scholarship recipients have developed perseverance and learned a lot of life skills," Jousan said. "Now, they can take the money from these scholarships as a reward for their hard work. We want to encourage them to continue with their life goals by going to college and equipping themselves for the next stage of life."
A 1997 scholarship recipient, Jana Sims Everett and her two siblings were active in the Tishomingo County 4-H livestock program.
"Showing livestock was our biggest 4-H activity; it was our life. It's also how I met my husband," she said.
While her brother was the only sibling in their family to place a hog in the sale, they all benefited from the livestock experience and the scholarship program.
"As a child, I was totally shy. Being in the livestock program made a difference in my ability to stand in front of people," said Everett, now a teacher in the Starkville School District. "All three of us depended on scholarships and grant money to be able to attend college."
Bryan Williams of Jackson took part in the Dixie National Junior Livestock Show for 10 years before earning his spot in the 2001 Sale of Junior Champions.
"It was always my goal to make it into the Sale of Champions. In the process, I learned a lot of responsibility and self discipline," Williams said. "I was able to take the money from selling my steer and use it for my education."
Contact: Dr. Dean Jousan, (662) 325-2424
Contacts: Dr. Dean Jousan
Beware of scammers as vaccines come on board
MSU Extension Service launches new 4-H center
Threadgill to retire from MSU Extension Service
Office associates stay busy despite pandemic
Plan now for safe holiday gatherings
Be A Hero! Wear A Mask!
¡Sé un héroe! ¡Usa una mascarilla!
Guide To Determine What Weight Show Pig To Buy
Building Your Own Backstop
Overcoming the Kick: Taking the Fear out of Recoil
March 2020- 4-H Animal Lines
October 2019 - 4-H Animal Lines
August 2019 - 4-H Animal Lines
July 2019 - 4-H Animal Lines
March 2019 - 4-H Animal Lines
https://msucares.com/news/feature-story/2007/sale-promotes-champion-spirit


11/3/07. Juan Manuel 'Dinamita' Marquez vs Rocky Juarez for Marquez' WBC super featherweight title.
2/28/09. Chris John vs Rocky Juarez for John's WBA featherweight title.
Rocky Juarez offer 1-on-1 personal training at his Boxing Gym. Rocky's Boxing Gym 1524 Freeman St, Houston, TX 77009.
2007-02-09 Desert Diamond Casino, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Humberto soto upsets contender rocky juarez for the WBC featherweight interim title.
8/20/05. Humberto 'Zorrita' Soto vs Rocky Juarez in a WBC featherweight eliminator.
WBC World Super Featherweight Title Fight Venue: MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
5/20/06. Marco Antonio Barrera vs Rocky Juarez for Barrera's WBC super featherweight title.
Ring magazine "Knockout of the Year"
9/19/09. (Sky) Chris John vs Rocky Juarez in a rematch for John's WBA featherweight title.
2003-07-19 Reliant Park, Houston, Texas, United States.


Quick lever release clamp - where can I find a good one at reasonable cost?
Discussion in 'Accessories' started by TassieFig, Jun 22, 2015.
...until I checked the price. I'm sure it's the bee's knees but it's way out of my budget.
Do you have any suggestion where I can get something that is still good but cheaper? Nothing fancy but reliable and preferably not big and bulky.
Anyone using it? A bit bulkier than ideal but the price is ok. Any good?
I do not have personal experience with this clamp, but I have bought several other Desmond pieces and they've all been good. Worth a try at this price.
I'm hoping to find a smaller still, a 50*32mm like the one I use currently.
I've spent quite a bit of time looking at and using quick release clamps. The reason is that I use a monopod a lot and the Arca clamps almost all need three hands. One to hold the monopod, one to hold the camera, and one to work the clamp mechanism. A lever doesn't really solve this because it still needs to be operated, though it is easier than a screw clamp mechanism.
Other systems have clamps where the camera plate is automatically locked into the clamp when the plate is inserted, but I only know of one such clamp for the A-S. It is the Manfrotto Q6. It doesn't seem to have gained much traction, however. The mechanism looks to me to be a bit fiddly and vulnerable to dirt and sand. I found one on-line video that seemed to confirm my suspicion. It's odd, really, because there is nothing about the A-S system that precludes building a good automatic-lock clamp.
Velbon QRA-3 - cheap, small, but the clamp lever has no lock so it is vulnerable to being accidentally released.
Manfrotto RC2 - moderate price, a little bulky, locking clamp lever.
I am playing right now with camera plates that will work in either the A-S or the RC2 clamps. Then I can have the standardization and variety of A-S clamps on my tripod(s) and the RC2 auto locking clamp on my monopod. The jury is still out on this, though.
My former Slik tripod had a SH-707E head with a spring loaded QR mount. You would open the lever until it locked in an open position. Then when you inserted a QR plate into the mount, it would push on a button that would release the spring-loaded lever and it would clamp. Further tightening of the locking lever was needed to ensure it was solidly locked. The idea was to allow for "one-handed" mounting. Haven't heard of such a clamp for Arca-Swiss plates, though.
I was worried about the A/S system being fiddly as well, coming from Slik proprietary lever quick releases. I'm liking the A/S system though, having a knob gives better tension IMO. Simply slide the plate in from the side and give two quick twists to tighten, two quick twists to release. The spring loaded safety pin on the Sirui heads means that if you mess up and bump the camera it still won't come out (unless you've completely opened the head clamp).
Super small and super simple. Does anyone know if this would fit the Sirui C-10 ballhead?
Maybe the knob will give you a better tension but that safety pin on the Sirui is one of the things that dives me nuts. It's way too safe for me and it will never let me get the camera out nice and smooth. It usually ends with me cursing & shaking the bloody thing violently 'til it finally gives. Nah, I want secure but simple. I've never really seen the need to lock everything down but that's the way I operate.
About Slik..are they generally regarded as ok quality? Can I trust that the lever wont just break off on me?
Assuming it is like the Velbon, then there is no safety lock. Sounds like you are OK with that. B&H should be able to tell you about whether it will easily go onto the Sirui head. I had a Benro head where the stem of the ball did not end with a flat surface (like the Slik/Velbon probably wants). Instead it was designed to go into a base that was slotted, so when they were mated they were locked together and there could be no relative rotation. I had to make an adapter for that one.
Re wjang's comments on the Arca, all are true as long as you have one hand to hold the camera and one hand to turn the knob. In other words, the tripod is taking care of itself. It's a nice system though generally pretty big for our little M43 toys. It's when I am using a monopod that I come up short one hand and need an automatic insert/lock base.
Re the need for standardization I think it is more important if you are headed toward panoramic/nodal hardware, Wimberly gimbals, etc. As I mentioned I am headed towards a system where the same camera plate will engage a QR2 clamp on my monopod or Arca clamps on my tripods. Best of both worlds assuming it works out.
Hm, lots more to check it seems. It never is as easy as you thought.
lol, I actually saw your add but thought it wouldn't fit as it's not A-S and what would I do with so many qr's. Stupid me. No, I'm not really heading anywhere gimbal or multi tripod at all so standardisation does not bother me other than I want it to fit the tripod I have. I might need to contact B&H to make sure either the little Slick thing or the Velbon can be attached to my Sirui without problems.
You can't see it in the photo, but the lever will lock in an open position. Then when you insert the plate, it will press on a button that releases the spring loaded locking lever. One should still turn the lever to lock the plate down, but the closing lever will hold the plate in place. It's also easier to dismount the plate from the head because you can lock the lever open and lift the plate free without having to hold the lever open. Note, the locking plate is a proprietary Slik design, but they do sell extra plates.
I had a Slik Pro 330EZ and thought it was very sturdy and quite stiff. I sold it when I downsized to my Olympus system, but I regret that. Needing only one handle to take care of pan and tilt made it easy to move the camera and track something while it was on the tripod. I told the guy I sold it to that it would be ideal for surf photography. I think they're worth considering. Here's a review of its smaller 4-section leg brother.
I always felt that Slik made good tripods and they were well-built. I'd buy one again.
TassieFig, here's a link to the Slik head I was talking about.
Ah, Thanks. Yeah, I didn't really get the spring loaded thing at first It looks like this is the slightly larger Slick DQ-20 (but for a much bigger camera). That means the the DQ-10 should be plenty for whatever I put on my E-M5.
Ok, I shopped around and I can get the Slik DQ-10 for 33 AUD and the Vebon QRA-3 for 40 AUD. Cheaper is very welcome but is there any reason why the Velbon would be a better buy?
I've had a Slik Sprint Mini II that I've been using for years as a great travel tripod. It comes with a SBH-100DQ head, with a version of the DQ-10 quick release set combined with the ball head. The quick release mechanism is good enough, but the major problem I have is that tiny plate does not have sufficient friction against the camera, and always tends to slip when in portrait orientation after the cork stuff gets squashed down after a while, no matter how much I tighten it (that was with my E-M5 and something like the 7.5FE by the way, not a heavy lens at all).
I've also had a bigger Slik U9000, one of those all-in-one tripods. The legs were okay (with retractable spikes), but the integrated pan/tilt head had plastics and was horribly springy. I recently replaced it with a CF Sirui EN-2204 / K-20X Arca Swiss compatible ball head. I was so impressed with this Arca Swiss type system with safety pin that I ordered a smaller G-10X head for the Slik Sprint Mini II legs, which will solve the slipping plate problem nicely, and mean that I don't need multiple types of plates for multiple tripods. I've got an Arca Swiss type L plate for my E-M1 (this sort of thing - http://www.ebay.com/itm/Quick-Relea...260?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item46373ee43c) and a tiny Arca Swiss type mini plate with anti-slip for the GM5 (this sort of thing - http://www.ebay.com/itm/25mm-Mini-Q...197?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item27fedf995d).
One thing about the Sirui type - their smallest head, the C-10X (which comes with their most popular travel tripods), has a spring loaded safety pin but no external button to release it. This is a huge design flaw in my opinion, and when I tried it in the store, I immediately realised that it was a no go. Without that button, the safety pin is an awful pain like you said. This is why I opted for the ever so slightly beefier G-10X, which does have a side button release for the safety pin. With a button release for the safety pin, I can easily operate the entire thing, even, for example, when I convert the EN-2204 into monopod mode.
Hold monopod in left hand by the head, with thumb pressing down on the safety pin release button.
Slide camera in sideways with right (shooting) hand. For me this is absolutely smooth.
Release safety pin release button. At this point you should find that even if you try and yank the camera with the right hand, it won't come out, due to the safety pin being engaged.
Use right hand to fine to positioning of the camera/plate on the head if necessary.
Use right hand to tighten clamp knob.
Hold monopod in left hand by the head, positioned so you can press the safety pin release button with your thumb, but don't press it yet.
Loosen clamp knob with right hand slightly, just enough for the camera/plate to come smoothly loose, so that the safety pin still functions. The camera won't fall out this way.
Grip camera with right hand.
Now hold the safety pin release button with left thumb.
Slide the two apart with your two hands.
That is a problem I have experienced with the little plate that comes with my C-10x plate. Do you mean it's because of the small size or lack of friction? Very frustrating, especially when you don't have that coin in your pocket...which leads me to another question I meat to ask earlier..would something like this fit the Slik/Velbon plate or is the original somehow permanently attached?
Also, if the issue is because of low friction, there must be something that can be added to the plate...I dunno...maybe some sugru or something?
....Release safety pin release button. At this point you should find that even if you try and yank the camera with the right hand, it won't come out, due to the safety pin being engaged.
Yep, that's it! That's me. I didn't know that on the bigger models there was a release button. Now that makes some sense at least. What a stupid idea to not have it on the C-10X!!!
Small and lack of friction go together really, if all the friction comes from a flat surface. That's why I got a separate mini plate with a lip that means it won't slip. With the L plate, the entire thing is locked to the base of the camera, so won't slip either. The entire base goes straight into the Arca style clamp. It also has a removable side arm (the 'L' part) so it can go straight in the head in a balanced portrait orientation.
Those 1/4in thumb screws are pretty standard, but typically don't fit the smaller proprietary plates which have a locked screw. I certainly can't take the one out of my DQ-10 type one to replace it... they fit any of my Arca compatible stuff though, which do attach using a normal screw.
re plates: With most plates in my experience, the hole that the screw goes through is threaded. After possibly removing an E-clip, the screw can usually be removed by engaging the screw threads in the plate and just backing it out. Where the screw slides in a slot, usually one end of the slot has the threading.
re "cork stuff" it is not A Good Thing. Using that stuff and friction to prevent rotation is the Achilles heel of universal plates. Much better are the plates with a lip that engages the front of the camera body. There are universal ones where the screw is in a slot so the lip can be moved to suit.
The other problem with the "cork stuff" is a little more subtle. When making fine adjustments of your photo framing, overcoming the friction of the ball head can cause the stuff to compress. Then it rebounds when you let go of the camera and your framing moves. The high end Arca plates (RRS, Kirk, Acratech, etc.) almost never have any padding. They rely on a lip for anti-rotation and the contact between the plate and the camera body is metal/metal -- no compliant material.
For my new QR system I am hoping that this plate: http://www.ebay.com/itm/170973020075 works out. I have one coming and have some mods planned. That one gives me the lip, no padding, and both Arca and RC2 capability. Worst case I'll make something like it. Fortunately I have the machine tools I need for that.
wjiang you made me smile with your ten-step procedure for using an Arca system on a monopod. I never meant to imply that it was impossible, but as you so nicely illustrate it is fiddly. I prefer: (1) insert plate, listen for snap as the clamp engages (2) tighten clamp lever as necessary with now-free camera hand. Then removal: (1) holding camera with one hand and monopod with the other, (2) release clamp lever using whatever finger is best for you and lift camera free.
That was a good point about the compressibility of the cork (or rubber pads). Could make a difference especially with long lenses or macro work.
One good thing about that Slik SH-707E head - it was so easy to move the camera with the integrated pan and tilt handle that you're not compressing the cork when moving the camera. I never tested it with a really heavy lens though, so don't know if the rotating platform lock would hold it in a portrait position. But, then again, a really big lens would probably have a tripod foot which would be closer to the center of gravity and put less rotational force on the head.
I like the look of that dual dovetail QR plate.


text:
London T-charge for most polluting vehicles 'will cost taxpayers £7m', says Sadiq Khan
Drivers of the most polluting vehicles will have to pay almost double to enter the centre of London as of today.
By Ajay Nair, News Reporter
Monday 23 October 2017 11:08, UK
Image: Sadiq Khan says pollution in London is causing a public health crisis
London's new T-charge will cost taxpayers £7m and will not make a profit, Mayor of London Sadiq Khan has revealed.
He told Sky News the charge for high polluting vehicles entering central London, which comes into force today, would cost taxpayers to implement but insisted it was a "price worth paying".
The £10 charge adds to the £11.50 congestion charge already in place and covers the same area and operating times as the existing congestion charge zone.
Mr Khan said: "We don't make a profit from the T-charge - it's costing us. So the T-charge will cost us money but I think that's a price worth paying to improve the quality of our air… the T-charge will cost us, roughly speaking, £7m a year."
:: What you need to know about toxicity charging
Image: The T-charge affects diesel and petrol vehicles registered before 2006
The Mayor said the cost of poor quality air in London is £3.7bn each year, with poorer Londoners having to "suffer the worst consequences of poor quality air".
He said he aimed to "discourage" people from driving high polluting vehicles instead of banning them completely.
More from London
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Archie Lyndhurst: CBBC star died from brain haemorrhage, mother confirms
Police hunt man who tried to snatch five-year-old boy in west London park
Southall body-in-suitcase death: Man wanted in connection 'may have fled to Germany'
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Ilford: Two men dead and woman arrested in Sunday morning 'disturbance' in east London, police say
The new charge mainly applies to diesel and petrol vehicles registered before 2006 which do not meet the so-called "Euro 4" European directive to regulate vehicle emissions.
Khan: Londoners' health is more important than money
Mr Khan has launched the T-charge to tackle London's air pollution and prepare the city for the introduction of the ultra-low emission zone, which he plans to introduce in April 2019.
He said the ultra-low emissions zone would "bring in revenues and that revenue will be ring-fenced to improve the quality of air".
Friends of the Earth campaigner Jenny Bates says Mr Khan is "right to try to dissuade drivers bringing the oldest, dirtiest vehicles into central London" but warns it is "only one small step towards clean air".
Image: London Mayor Sadiq Khan hopes the new measure will help 'clean up London's lethal air'
She said: "We urgently need a programme of meaningful financial assistance to help drivers of the dirtiest vehicles switch to something cleaner, and bold policies to cut traffic over all."
Some people believe the new scheme will have huge knock-on effects and will penalise the poor.
Rod McKenzie, director of policy at the Road Haulage Association, told Sky News: "It will effectively outlaw and certainly tax all older vehicles and make business more expensive - it could even put some hauliers out of business."
:: Are you affected by the new charge? Let us know news@sky.com


text:
Hazard az Amerikai Egyesült Államok északnyugati részén, Washington állam Spokane megyéjében elhelyezkedő önkormányzat nélküli település.

Hazard postahivatala 1885 és 1904 között működött. A település nevét R. R. Hazard helyi kereskedőről kapta.

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

További információk
 HomeTownLocator

Spokane megye települései

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Samuel Vassall (baptised 1586 – 1667) was an English merchant, politician, and slave trader who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648. Vassall financed slave ships in the 1640s and was the majority shareholder of the Guinea Company, founded in 1651 to transport enslaved Africans to European colonies in the Americas. Samuel Vassall was 77 when he left London for Carolina in 1663. He died in the America colonies in 1667.

Early life
Vassall was the second son of John Vassall and his second wife, Anna Russell, and was baptised at Stepney on 5 June 1586. His father was a Huguenot refugee who travelled to England from Normandy before August 1572. At his own expense, John Vassall fitted out two ships, The Samuel and the Little Toby, which he commanded against the Spanish Armada and later invested in the Virginia Company. Samuel Vassall lived for a time at Cockethurst Farmhouse, in what was then, Prittlewell, Essex, at the start of the 1600s. The house remained in the Vassall family until 1808.

Merchant and slave-trading career
Vassall launched his career as a merchant for the Levant Company, trading Ottoman goods including rum, spices, opium, cloth, tin, and pewter in Europe. But "by the later 1620s he had formed partnerships to supply provisions to Virginia and Barbados, becoming in the process one of the leading London importers of Chesapeake tobacco." In March 1628, Samuel and his brother William Vassall were among the original "incorporators" of the Massachusetts Bay Company and a patentee of lands in Massachusetts. The Vassalls "afterwards acquired by purchase ... two-twentieths of all Massachusetts in New England."

In September 1628, Vassall was imprisoned and his goods retained when he "refused to pay to the custom-house the tonnage and poundage on a large quantity of currants which he was importing. In 1630, Vassall unsuccessfully attempted to "plant a colony in what is now South Carolina." He was contracted to "transport passengers and supply the colony in its early stages. But the operation miscarried when the prospective colonists were mistakenly landed in Virginia. As a result, Vassal! ended up paying £600 in damages to his contractors after a long suit." In June, he again contended against tonnage and poundage requirements, "having brought from Virginia to Tilbury a vessel laden 'with that drug called tobacco,'" and in September, he advanced £50 to the Massachusetts Bay Company.

Brothers Samuel and William Vassall were "active in nearly all aspects of English Atlantic colonisation during the first half of the 17th century," and slavery formed an "integral part of the Vassalls' colonial operations." Samuel Vassall worked as an independent trader in the 1640s, seeking to profit from "both luxuries and enslaved Africans" "Between 1642 and 1645, and again in 1647, Samuel joined syndicates owning ships trading between the Guinea coast and the Caribbean, supplying Barbados with slaves." In 1651, he became the governor and major shareholder of the Guinea Company, which bought and sold enslaved Africans. One 1651 instruction by the Guinea Company "asked a captain to 'put aboard...so many negers as your ship can carry,'" apparently for enslavement in England, while another read, 'We pray you buy as many lusty negers as she will can carry, and so despatch her to the Barbadoes,'" where Vassall's brother William owned a sugar plantation, taking advantage of the "rapid and immense fortunes to be accrued." For nearly 200 years following his arrival, "the [Vassall] family built its wealth by running slave-labor plantations in the Caribbean" where they were among the "leading planters." In time, the Vassalls owned 18 slave-labor plantations in Jamaica where they enslaved a minimum of 3,865 people per records now held by the Center for the Study of the Legacy of British Slavery.

Political career
In April 1640, Vassall was elected Member of Parliament for City of London in the Short Parliament. In June of the same year he was summoned together with Richard Chambers by the council in order to be 'committed to some prisons in remote parts for seducing the King's people'.  In November 1640 he was re-elected MP for the City of London in the Long Parliament and sat until he was excluded in 1648 under Pride's Purge. At this time he was styled clothier or clothworker. On 2 December Vassall "delivered his grievances by word of mouth" to the commons, and a committee was appointed to consider them. On 2 February 1641 the House of Commons ordered the farmers of the customs and imports to restitute to him the tobacco which had been seized. In July the committee meeting in the Star-chamber was still considering "of some fit way for reparation."

Vassall took the 'protestation' on 3 May 1641. In 1642 he was one of the commissioners for plantations in the American colonies, and as such in November took part in the appointment of Sir Thomas Warner as governor of the Caribbee Islands. He was one of the commissioners for the incorporation of Providence plantations in the Narraganset Bay in New England in 1643. Vassall took the covenant on 22 September 1643.  On 20 February 1645 he was one of the committee for the city of London for raising funds towards the maintenance of the Scottish army, and on 11 July 1646 he was named one of the commissioners for the kingdom of England for the conservation of peace between the two kingdoms. Early in 1650, as a trader to Guinea, he was giving information to the house about disputes between various merchants and the Guinea Company.

With regard to Vassall's attempts to secure compensation for his losses and imprisonment, the matter was referred on 14 June 1644 to the committee for the navy, and on 18 January 1647 the commons voted him £10,445 12s. 2d. He had also advanced money for the parliamentary forces in Ireland, and on 6 May 1647, £2,591 17s. 6d., due to Vassall on this account, was ordered to be made chargeable on the grand excise, "with interest on the same' payable every six months". Vassall, however, received nothing. On 6 April 1654, in a petition presented to the Protector, he stated that as a result of resisting tonnage and poundage he had lost £15,000, and begged leave to refund himself by means of privileges to import French wines, ship coals and lead, or receive forest land. The debt with interest now amounted to £20,202 7s. 3d. On 6 May 1656 he was granted £150 annually as interest on the debt formerly charged on the excise. On 26 May on the taking of a "Spanish prize"  the council issued a warrant to pay him £1,000. He was nevertheless informed on 8 September 1657 that he should make his application for payment to parliament, "as no revenue remains at his highness's disposal to satisfy the said debt." On 18 March 1658 the petition was again read to the council, and again on 3 June 1658, at which time Vassall was a "prisoner in the upper bench." On 1 April 1659 the commons recommended the Protector to grant a privy seal to pay him of £500 as part of the debt and a bill was prepared for signature on 5 April. On 18 August 1660 it was ordered that the remainder of the debt should again be made chargeable on the excise, and "forthwith paid to Mr. Vassall."

Later life
In 1663 Vassall was in Carolina making arrangements with the lords proprietors of the colony regarding a claim laid by him for part of a term not yet expired. He probably died in Massachusetts, but the exact time or place is not known. When letters of administration were granted in London to his son Francis on 24 September 1667, it was stated that he died abroad.

Vassall married Frances Cartwright, daughter of Abraham and Joan Cartwright of St. Andrew's Undershaft, London. They had several children.

References

1580s births
1670 deaths
Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
Inmates of Fleet Prison
Slave traders


Taxidermists work on the carcass of a rare gaur suspected of being the target of a ìcontract hitî.
has generated concern among Phnom Penh-based conservation groups.
at the Department of Arts, Plastiques and Artisanats (DAPA).
refused to give the official's name.
for more than three decades and is believed to be extinct.
purposes, with their horns particularly prized.
three of Cambodia's wildlife protection laws.
ordered stuffed at the request of a provincial government official.
shoot endangered species," he said.
for the shooting and stuffing of the dead gaur.
blaming us for something we haven't done," Khoen said by telephone.
gaur had fallen victim to a "contract hit".
was far from the first endangered animal to meet the same fate.


text:
Huskies look to stay on top of standings
The University of Saskatchewan Huskie women's hockey team will look to gain some breathing room at the top of the standings in a weekend series against the Manitoba Bisons.
The Bisons will hit Rutherford Rink Friday and Saturday.
Entering the weekend, the Huskies have a hold on first place in the conference with 27 points – just three ahead of the Calgary Dinos and Alberta Pandas. The Lethbridge Pronghorns and Manitoba Bisons are still in the postseason hunt with 21 and 20 points respectively. Both Calgary and Manitoba have two games in hand, making this weekend's series of extra importance.
"With just six games left in our Canada West schedule, we need to make sure to keep collecting victories to stay with the top teams," said Huskie head coach Steve Kook. "We need to continue to play our best."
Since 1997-98, the Huskies have a 20-43 record against Manitoba including a split in Winnipeg in their first meetings in 2011-12. The Huskies took a 3-2 overtime win and the Bisons won 4-3 on November 4 and 5.
Nellie Minshull and Maggie Litchfield-Medd lead the Bisons with 16 and 13 points each respectively. Minshull has tallied nine goals and seven assists, while Litchfield-Medd has eight goals and five assists. Addie Miles has also provided offence notching three goals and eight helpers.
Four Huskies sit in the Top 10 in conference scoring including Julie Paetsch, Cara Wooster and Danny Stone. Paetsch leads the Canada West with 11 goals and 14 assists. Wooster has added six goals and 12 assists, while Stone has tallied six goals and nine assists.
Tara Lacquette and Leiette Klassen have each played in eight games for the Bisons. Lacquette has recorded a 1.63 goals against average and a .924 save percentage, while Klassen has 2.20 goals against average and a .906 save percentage.
Mackenzie Rizos has started 13 games for the Huskies posting a 10-3 record. She has tallied a 2.19GAA and a .919 save percentage. Backup Vanessa Frederick has five games under her belt allowing just six goals. Each Huskie goalie has posted two shutouts.
Puck drop is 7 p.m. each night at Rutherford Rink. For tickets visit huskies.usask.ca or call 306-966-1111. The game will be webcast on www.canadawest.tv
Game Notes: University of Saskatchewan Huskie athletes are doing what they can to find a cure for cancer. In 2008, Huskie athletes began the initiative Play For A Cure in hopes of raising money for cancer research. The fundraising initiative has continued in 2011-12. Together Huskie athletes have raised more than $65,000. Each Huskie women's hockey player has a Pink Huskie Play For A Cure jersey and is looking for alumni or fans to pre-purchase the game-worn jerseys. On Friday night, the Huskies will wear the jerseys against the Manitoba Bisons. The women's hockey team will also be selling raffle tickets for a pink Play For A Cure Quilt. Check out the display near the Rutherford Rink concession.


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text:
Mideast talks to resume
WASHINGTON (AP) — Israel and Palestinians have agreed to resume their long-stalled direct negotiations in Washington early next month, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said today, with a goal of two sovereign states existing side by side in peace.
The breakthrough marks a small but important step toward easing tensions in the Middle East. Clinton made the announcement at the State Department with special Mideast peace envoy George Mitchell at her side.
"As we move forward, it is important that actions by all sides help to advance our effort, not hinder it," Clinton said. "There have been difficulties in the past; there will be difficulties ahead. Without a doubt, we will hit more obstacles. The enemies of peace will keep trying to defeat us and to derail these talks. But I ask the parties to persevere."
The office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu quickly issued a statement welcoming the U.S. plan.
"Reaching an agreement is a difficult challenge but is possible," the statement said. "We are coming to the talks with a genuine desire to reach a peace agreement between the two peoples that will protect Israel's national security interests, foremost of which is security."
Clinton said the face-to-face talks are to begin Sept. 2.
"We believe it can be done within a year, and that is our objective," Mitchell told reporters. The U.S., he said, will offer "bridging proposals" designed to advance the negotiations, but he was not specific.


text:
Home World Covid19: Imperative That World Prepares For An Economic Depression
Inside View of World Trade Centre - Photo by Matthew Henry from Burst
Covid19: Imperative That World Prepares For An Economic Depression
Prof Arun Kumar
The news about the spread of the Covid19 pandemic is getting worse by the day. More and more countries are coming under its grip and those already suffering from it are reporting a deterioration in their situation. Countries, like China and Singapore, which had reportedly managed to control its first round of proliferation are now reporting a second round of spread.
Countries like, India and USA, had advance information about it but did not do enough to control it and now are seeing an exponential rise in the spread. The accumulated knowledge about it from China and South Korea has not helped the countries where it is spreading now. Perhaps it was believed that it would not get so bad – but it is getting worse as in the case of Italy, Iran and Spain.
The rapid spread is now at least two months old since the middle of January when China first admitted that an epidemic had broken out in Wuhan city in Hubei province. Lockdown is spreading and with that economic activity is grinding to a halt in large parts of the world
economy. Not only are there supply shocks leading to grinding down of production but there is also a decline in incomes as people are not able to work and have reduced purchases to a bare minimum. China, the largest car market in the world, has reported an 80% drop in sales.
Not only business sentiment is down as reflected in the collapse of global financial markets but there is also a decline in consumer confidence resulting in reduced demand. The two feed into each other. Most analysts have been arguing that the world economy which was already slowing down before the crisis had hit in January, is headed into a recession. China, India and so on were slowing down officially while Japan and German economies were close to zero or negative rates of growth in January 2020. The US was the one major economy that was still robust but now large parts of it are in lockdown with decline in production and purchases by consumers.
In an optimistic scenario, if the situation comes under control in a month and there is a slow recovery, one third of the year would have passed with severely curtailed production. One does not have numbers to go by but if output is down only 50% for two months and then goes back to the pre January levels, the rate of growth for entire 2020 would be in negative territory.
Since we do not know enough about the disease as yet, no time frame can be given as yet. We neither have a medicine against it nor a vaccine and according to experts these may take more than a year. We thought it mostly affects the infants and the elderly but now it is clear that not many children are getting affected but the young are vulnerable. It was thought that heat would kill it but its spread in tropical climates suggests that one cannot depend on that either.
The situation in countries facing lock down is worse than during a war. During a war, production of armament rises but now production is collapsing as people are not able to move around and go to work. Only some can still work from home and that too at reduced efficiency. During a war, demand is high but now it is collapsing, since incomes are falling with retrenchment and layoffs and salary cuts. People are only buying the bare essentials and even hoarding them. Huge swaths of the economy are not working as the drastic fall in demand for energy shows. This is corroborated by pictures from space which show considerable reduction in pollution levels. In a pessimistic scenario, if the pandemic persists for more than two months and then there is slow recovery after that, the world would have entered into a depression. So, on top of a health crisis there would be a deep economic crisis. Given the poor state of governance in India, the disease is likely to last quite a while.
Corona Virus Spread And Its Economic Fallout – Prof Arun Kumar
In a recession many business would fail and especially those that are highly leveraged or those that have small amounts of working capital. Many banks and financial entities would also collapse. Failure of some will lead to a failure of many others since they are all interlinked as we learnt during the global financial crisis starting in 2007. In a depression, there would be widespread business failure and even after the pandemic dissipates, the situation would not recover any time soon.
Even in a short recession there would be serious social effects but in a depression there would be widespread social breakdown since it would be prolonged with work unlikely to be available for long periods and many not having incomes to buy the basics of life. Homelessness and hunger would grow. Many children would be out of schools. Incomes of elderly dependent on pensions and interest incomes on financial assets would collapse. Many would be bankrupt due to the large medical expenses that would have to be incurred.
Many governments have been in denial and did not take early action to prevent the spread of the disease. Now they are declaring emergency and setting up task force to tackle the impact of the pandemic in their countries. They are putting in place a slew of measures like, income support. The PM in his address to the nation announced the setting up of an economic Task Force in India. Its task is cut out. It must anticipate and act in advance to see that India can tackle the prevailing crisis. It needs to plan for various scenarios that may unfold in the coming times.
In India where lock down is partial, the first task is to prevent the general spread of the virus. The infected need to be identified quickly and isolated. Those who have contracted the disease need to be immediately provided free medical assistance. Immediate steps are needed to create more hospital facilities in hostels and stadia anticipating a spread. Production of essential medical supplies like, masks, protective gear and ventilators would have to be ramped up.
In economic terms, it is not like a usual business cycle so monetary policies can only be
accommodative and fiscal policies can slow down the impact but not reverse the decline. An increase in fiscal deficit is going to occur but that should not be a worry. The arbitrary limits on it under FRBM should be given a quiet burial.
Every 1% loss of incomes will mean a reduction in GDP of about Rs.2 lakh crore in India. A
decline in GDP growth by even 5% (likely to be much larger) will mean a loss of Rs.10 lakh
crore of incomes and most of this will be due to the fall in the incomes of the unorganized
sectors which will not be able to weather the gathering storm.
People losing work in urban areas are migrating to their homes in rural areas and the chances are that the disease would spread there as well. So, creation of work in urban areas is important. But the Catch-22 is that if they go out to work then lock down is not feasible. The workers also typically live in congested localities and isolation there is next to impossible, so health facilities will have to be provided for isolation of large number of people.
Simultaneously, business closures have to be effectively tackled so that lay off of workers can be checked. In this context, the cottage and small sectors need special assistance. How the government will reach them is a tough task but this has to be done. Loss of work will occur and demand would fall. So, workers need to be given incomes through cash transfers. Further, given low levels of savings, workers would not have the purchasing power to buy essentials in bulk. They would need weekly supply of basic items through PDS. More shops to distribute essentials would have to be drafted from the private sector.
To prevent hoarding and malpractice by the shop owners, the help of army and police may be needed. There are enough stocks of basic grains in the godowns to give them away free to the marginalized sections. Movement of milk, fruits and vegetables from the farms to the consumer will need to be ensured. Cooking medium to consumers will have to be made available. Government machinery will have to be strengthened by shifting manpower from less essential tasks to ensuring better distribution. Any official or shop keeper found indulging in malpractice would have to be summarily dealt with.
Procedures need to be simplified for the banking and financial system in the country. These have been made needlessly complicated for reasons of KYC and digitization and resulted in manifold increase in paper work and has burdened staff. This is the contrary to the expectation of simplification. Currently when people's mobility will be impaired, smooth functioning of the financial system is essential. So, all needless hurdles must be eliminated. For instance, working of bank accounts, fixed deposit accounts and especially the Jan Dhan accounts of the poor need to be made easier. KYC requirements every year or two years need to be suspended.
Farmers will face problem of demand as many lose incomes. Just like during demonetization, when demand collapsed and prices of farm produce fell drastically, now also this is the real danger. The Rabi sowing was a record due to the late rains and it is expected that there would be a bumper harvest. This will add to the downward pressure on prices. Farmers' incomes will be adversely impacted and they will also need greater support. Government procurement and distribution to consumers of various agricultural produce will have to be greatly increased.
One of the problems faced by the unorganized sector producers and also the organized sector producers has been the functioning of GST. Its reform to a simplified last point tax (which it is but collected at various stages of production) is crucial to provide support to the beleaguered unorganized sector. This will immediately simplify procedures, reduce complications and lead to level playing field for all.
In brief, India facing a spread of Covid19 faces a situation worse than a war. While China did not have anyone else to learn from, India has had the experience of other countries to learn from and lessons should be drawn from them. Economics has to be turned on its head since markets will not be able to deliver, massive government intervention will be needed all around and the collective will have to be mobilized to tackle the situation.
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A former Professor of Economics, JNU, Arun Kumar is the Malcolm S. Adiseshiah Chair Professor Institute of Social Sciences. A think tank on Indian Economy, he has authored several books like 'Indian Economy since Independence: Persisting Colonial Disruption', Vision Books and `Indian Economy's Greatest Crisis: Impact of the Coronavirus and the Road Ahead', 2020, Penguin Random House
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Once you've asked your clients for referral introductions, who do you turn to next?
Who's next on your list of Referral Sources? Other salespeople.
Salespeople know and understand each other. We are the heartbeat of our companies. It's our job to bring in business. We've got good instincts, and we size people up quickly. We're creative, imaginative, resourceful, and demanding—all because we want what's best for our customers.
We're always looking for more business and for any opportunity to reach and surpass our quotas. We'd rather beg for forgiveness than ask for permission. We have similar goals and interesting war stories. And we're willing to help each other if at all possible.
This is why other salespeople are great Referral Sources.
Salespeople outside of your company in aligned fields.
For example, if your company provides data-storage-management systems for large enterprises, you want to develop cooperative relationships with salespeople at computer hardware companies and software businesses that develop storage tools, database software, or systems integrators.
Having such relationships in place can help you better address your clients' needs, and sales colleagues at these companies become important Referral Sources.
Your co-workers know people in the companies you target. They can be great resources for industry knowledge and sounding boards for account strategies.
One industry leader I know provides strong incentives for salespeople to refer. If a referral results in a sale, the referring salesperson earns a commission. This company has created a culture that not only supports referrals, but one where people look for opportunities to refer business to their colleagues.
Salespeople you know in any field … anywhere.
Contact salespeople you know. Find out what's new, what trends they're noticing, and what challenges they face. Ask them to tell you about sales situations where they knocked the socks off their competition and landed a great new client. Ask how you can help each other.
Referrals are the ultimate win/win situation. And no one knows that better than other salespeople. So start building a referral network with your co-workers and colleagues. That way, you'll all meet quota, and your clients will receive the best possible service. What could be better?
Who are your most valuable Referral Sources? Share a story of a time when another salesperson (or someone else from your network) provided a referral that landed you a big sale.


Stock# S08796 USED 2008 ARCTIC CAT M1000 EFI 153"
(SOLD) 2008 ARCTIC CAT M1000 EFI 153"
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