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claudij | Specials
Water blog Part II – should water be privatized?
In the second part of our special blog series on water, Julian Claudi asks – is it necessary to privatize water, what are the different approaches around the world and what has happened in instances where a private corporation has indeed got its hands on the neighborhood pump or the household tap?
To pick a prominent example of the kind of passions and conflicts water privatization can unleash, let's go back to the year 2000 – to Bolivia. There, the Andean city of Cochamaba erupted in protest after a private, foreign-led consortium took over the city's water system. The previous year, in September 1999, the Bolivian government privatized the water supply in Cochamaba and allocated the rights to Aquas del Tunari, an affiliated company of Bechtel Corporation (Bechtel Group) which is ranked as the fifth-largest privately owned company in the US.
It must be said that Cochabamba suffered from a chronic water shortage. Most of the poorest neighborhoods were not hooked up to the network, so state subsidies to the water utility went mainly to industries and middle-class neighborhoods. In the World Bank's view, it was a city that was crying out for water privatization.In a nutshell, the World Bank threatened to freeze credit to Bolivia if it did not privatize water.
But the consequences for the people were drastic – Aquas del Tunari raised the water rates many times over, which led to a national uprising. As a result, the Bolivian government backtracked and disbanded the contract with the company. In turn, Bechtel tried to sue Bolivia for over $50 million in compensation. Battered by several years of bad publicity, Bechtel finally settled the $50 million lawsuit for a symbolic amount of about 30 cents on January 19, 2006.
To get a glimpse of what happened in Bolivia in 2000, it's worth watching "Abuela Grillo," an animated short film by a group of Bolivian artists which is based on the events in Cochamaba as well as on a myth from the Bolivian lowlands and deals in a metaphorical way with the issue:
Abuela Grillo from Denis Chapon on Vimeo.
The European Union may be far away from such a scenario nowadays, but there are already over one million Europeans who have signed the citizen's initiative "Water is a human right". Their biggest worry is that the EU will privatize European waterworks in the mid-term and through the back door.
The reason for the concerns are a much quoted proposal from the EU Commission to change a concessions directive to bring more market competition between public and private water suppliers "to ensure that EU companies have access to business opportunities and that public authorities get the best value for money."
At the same time, the Commission insisted repeatedly in several press releases earlier this year that "the proposed directive will therefore not lead, under any circumstances, to imposed privatization of water services." So will that really be the case? Not exactly, according to the non-profit foundation and campaign group Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO). It says the planned directive on concessions of the EU commission could have unforeseen consequences.
"Municipalities who have some form of private participation in their water supply, even a small part, would have to offer their water contracts for EU-wide bidding. This would give private water multinationals like Suez and Veolia new opportunities to expand," the group says.
At the end of June this year, the EU Commission then unexpectedly said it would reconsider its position in light of "the concerns expressed by so many citizens."
It's probably not the last word in the public discussion about water privatization in the European context. Meanwhile, in many places around the world, water privatization is already a hot button issue with various models and strategies being discussed, practiced and fought against.
Advocates of privatization have many arguments. A common one is that "private entrepreneurs are more efficient in increasing access to clean drinking water and have more technological skills and more assets for investment."
Another is that privatization is the right thing in general if "a government that is strong enough to uphold regulations and to force the private company to do a good job."
Meanwhile, opponents have their own list of convincing points – mainly that the environmental price for privatization is simply too high. "Privatization has been accompanied by the degradation of water quality, increase in water loss, deterioration of infrastructure and increase in prices," according to some.
There are yet other, more moderate voices that suggest that say that water must have a certain price to avoid ongoing water scarcity in many places. The Irish think tank, Institute of International and European Affairs (IIEA), for instance, comes to the conclusion that "water pricing" is an option which must be considered:
Another school of thought sees a constructive solution in re-municipalization – that means putting the water supply back in public hands. That's what happened in Paris and Argentina:
A project from Greece called "Initiative 136" takes a different tack. It's an attempt at a third way by avoiding both water privatization as well as public-private-partnerships.
"The idea is that if every water user bought a non-transferable share, 'the public could own the water company through a system of neighbourhood co-operatives of water users coming together through a single overall co-operative.'136 euros is the figure you get from dividing the 60 million euros for which the company is to be put on the stock market by the number of water meters in the city."
At the time, activists from the citizen campaign "Human Right to Water" are going in the same direction but aiming at high level EU institutions directly. "We are taking up the challenge to get implementation of the human right to water and sanitation' on the European political agenda," they say.
Meanwhile in Bolivia, residents of Cochabamba's southern zones "frustrated with both the private and public water management models,[…] are increasingly relying on traditional community-run water systems as an alternative."
There are a host of players involved in the water privatization debate – public state supply advocates, private companies, public-private-partnerships and cooperative citizen shareholder movements. They all have their own concepts about how access to water can be best ensured. In the best case, the different ideas will merge into a sustainable and resilient supply system and contribute to a fair and free global right to water distribution for everyone.
Surely this goal is only achievable under the premise of a local and global framework of sustainability and participation and not with an overarching focus on profit.
bechtel, bolivia, cochamaba, conflict, energy, julian claudi, money, privatizatin, resources, water
claudij | Ideas
Water blog Part I – can virtual water tackle a looming crisis?
The "water footprint" is the total amount of water used to produce goods and services (Photo credit: CC BY 2.0: Thor/flickr.com)
In 2010, UN Resolution 64/292 explicitly recognized the human right to clean water and sanitation, acknowledging that they are essential to the realization of all human rights. The numbers are staggering. The UN claims that 783 million people had no access to clean water in 2012.
But according to Asit Biswas, a former member of the World Commission on Water, the real figures are probably much higher. "Look at South Asia alone. Some 1.7 billion people live in this region. I challenge anyone to show me a single city or village where people have access to clean water. My guess is that some 2.3 billion people are now without access to clean water", Biswas told The European.
So is the world fast running out of clean water, or is it all a question of better water management? And if so what could it look like? This three-part blog series by Julian Claudi will focus on several proposed and partly tried and tested methods and techniques for improving the situation.
We start off by taking a closer look at virtual water trading and real water trading. What's the deal with these concepts? They're not really new terms and a lot has been said and done about them for several years. But could they become tools for a solution?
The Virtual Water conceptreveals how much water it takes to produce any product. It refers to the "hidden" water use embedded in products and helps us realize how much water is needed to produce the goods we use and the food we eat. For instance, for one cup of coffee about 140 liters of water is needed. That includes the water used in growing, producing, packaging and shipping the beans that went into that cup of coffee. Read more: http://bit.ly/12RrrcT
Few are aware of the "hidden" amounts of water that goes into the goods and food we consume daily (Photo credit: Photo credit: CC BY 2.0: Ian Murphy/flickr.com)
Virtual water trade refers to the flow of water if food or other commodities are traded from one place to another. That means there is a virtual flow of water from producing and exporting countries to countries that consume and import those commodities.
A new study by the EU commission has shown that agricultural products are by far the largest drain on water resources. It says that the consumption water footprint of the average EU citizen is 4,815 litres per day, 40 percent of which is the result of imports from other countries, mainly cocoa, coffee and cotton. Comparing imports and exports showed that the EU28 is a net importer of 'virtual' water.
John Anthony Allen, a British geographer is widely credited with creating and popularizing the idea of "virtual water" with his book, Virtual Water: Tackling the Threat to our Planet's Most Precious Resources. "Our ignorance is immense," Allen has said. "Most of us don't have the slightest idea about the sheer volumes of water involved in our daily lives." He was awarded the the Stockholm Water Prize in 2008 for his contributions.
So would it make sense to use virtual water calculations for a global trading system? Opinions are divided. Much like the criticism surrounding carbon emission trading between industrialized nations and developing ones, critics of the virtual water trade concept argue that several aspects carry negative consequences for the poorest countries like rising dependency on external water resources or the possibility given by trade to "exploit" water resources in other parts of the world.
A paper written for Germany's Helmholtz Center for Environment Research says global interlinkages of water resources induced by trade can worsen gaps between nations.
"Feelings of unfairness arise due to the fact that those countries which are endowed with the most abundant water resources and thus are able to supply virtual water to the arid countries of the South (the Big Five), belong to the group of wealthy industrial countries, which are able to influence agricultural trade in many ways. On the one hand, high levels of protection in the form of tariffs and quotas, especially of the European Union, the USA and Japan, are criticised for being a major constraint for 'the development of the virtual water market'".
In contrast, hydrologist Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Princeton University, sees the virtual water system as a water saving solution, concluding "that in most scenarios the total amount of virtual water trade will decrease by 2030, but the amount of water saved as a result of the trade will increase."
The whole virtual water phenomenon has also led to a debate on water trading markets, which some say have the potential to revolutionize the way water is managed.
Yet, the US-based Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) says in the study "Water Governance in the 21st Century: Lessons from Water Trading in the U.S. and Australia" that allocation of water should not be based on commodification and economic efficiency alone.
"The national water sector reforms underway in many countries should consider the hidden costs of existing market based approaches, and should be premised on the notion of water as a commons, available first and foremost for public purposes (including the realization of right to water and right to food)."
Millions of people around the world lack access to clean water (Photo credit:CC BY 2.0: John O'Nolan/flickr.com)
Finally, one thing most experts seem to agree on is that the virtual water concept does raise awareness about the daily water consumption in the western world.
But at the same time it appears that as long as the concept of virtual water is inextricably linked with the current prevalent global economic trade system, there is always the risk of an ineffectiveness of the system causing unjust financial advantages and a distraction from the search for other solutions.
Some experts such as Maude Barlow, co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the human right to water, warn of water's close links to the international trading system.
"We've got to stop thinking that the water wars of the future will be on a battlefield somewhere, they're going to be on the grain markets, the stock markets and grain trading as part of the international trading system. It is about the water that has been pulled into this profit-making mostly food production and it's very dangerous," Barlow said.
global, julian claudi, scarcity, trading, virtual water, water, water trade
Fracking: Promised Land
Following the international premiere of "Promised Land" at the packed Berlinale film festival press conference in Berlin last week, actor Matt Damon said the movie, directed by Gus van Sant which deals with fracking, is a film about American identity but at the same time a global issue.
The film's international premiere was accompanied by news agencies announcing that Russian gas company and exporter Gazprom plans to cut gas prices for European customers in the billions in 2013. According to several experts, this maneuver could be linked, besides strong competition in the liquefied gas export sector, directly to sinking gas prices: the fracking boom in the US is believed to have already lowered international gas prices even though the US is not exporting gas (yet!) to Europe.
It's yet another example of the so-called US shale gas revolution that's already transforming the political global power structure. And it looks like fracking will likely increase globally for geostrategic, power and profit reasons in the next years.
"Promised Land" takes place exactly against this backdrop. It takes an in-depth look at how the industry operates and shows the possible consequences by using an intelligent and precise analogy of a psychological war happening in the US in areas with huge underground gas reservoirs. It focuses on how a nine-billion-dollar corporation tries to get its hand on much-needed land, how they operate psychologically and what alternatives citizens are left with. The film shows how the corporate salesman Steve Buttler (Matt Damon) and his colleague Sue Thomason (Francis McDormand) work hard to buy the village community with some entertaining and clever twists and turns of the plot.
The main aim of the film obviously is to raise awareness among people and to get them to think deeply about the dynamics and consequences of fracking. Matt Damon said after the premiere that if you are searching for more in-depth information about the fracking process you should research online. It would be simply impossible to lay out all the pros and cons of fracking in one feature film but it's still packed with information.
The movie avoids black and white clichés, but it's pretty clear that the makers of the film care about the "small people" and how big corporations are trying to manipulate them with scare tactics and playing on existential fears – circumstances which have heightened in the last decades through an unsustainable neoliberal capitalistic system. It is pretty clear that the corporation in the movie is a child of that system and that the same unregulated system produced and created in many ways the situation the village's residents are in right now: earning less money, living in constant fear of losing their jobs, drowning in debt, not being able to give their children a decent education, not knowing if they can die with dignity.
The film addresses all these issues but it hasn't been too successful in the US. It remains to be seen how it will fare at the international box office and what impact it will have on the ongoing fracking debate.
coal, damon, energy, expolsion, feroli, fracking, ipaa, jp morgan, julian claudi, leaks, natural gas, oil, promised land, resource, resources, special, supply, united states, US
Fracking in a Nutshell (Part 5)
We're ending our blog series about the hydraulic fracturing method with a selective overview about particular occurrences connected with fracking which may lead you deeper into the layers of the fracking process.
# The movie "Gasland" by director Josh Fox in 2010, has become a popular basis for discussions about fracking. The director and activist set a milestone with his work, raising some key questions that marked the public discussion in the US. Perhaps we can mention two specific incidents to underline the far-reaching impact of his work.
# The Independent Petroleum Association of America felt obliged to send a detailed public letter to the Oscar Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in February 2011. It was a reaction to the Oscar nomination for "Gasland." The eight-page paper which contradicts every single theory in the film about the harm and damage resulting from fracking ends laconically with the words: "Anything we miss? Guess we'll be seeing you at the movies. Maybe not this one, though."
# The IPAA financed a documentary which has been available on the internet since June 2012 and which contradicts every premise of Gasland, it's called Truthland.
# At the beginning of 2012, the New York Times gathered and published with a short statement hundreds of leaked intern industry e-mails, which showed the majority were sceptical about the fracking boom: "Over the past six months, The New York Times reviewed thousands of pages of documents related to shale gas, including hundreds of industry e-mails, internal agency documents and reports by analysts. A selection of these documents is included here; names and identifying information have been redacted to protect the confidentiality of sources, many of whom were not authorized by their employers to communicate with The Times."
# Environmental activist Erin Brokovich called fracking not specifically "longterm solution-driven" in a TV interview in August 2012 as she gathered a ton of e-mails from anxious US citizens living in areas which might be affected by fracking and as she claimed: "Let's stop the bullshit and get down to finding some solutions to our problems."
# Recently "Promised Land," the first Hollywood fiction film about fracking was released in US cinemas and led to a huge discussion even before it was shown to the public. "The energy industry is worried that it will be presented in a critical light and is preparing possible responses, such as providing film reviewers with scientific studies, distributing leaflets to moviegoers and launching a 'truth squad' initiative on Twitter and Facebook," the Journal said.
Additionally, here are some international events connected with fracking which one might not necessarily have expected.
# Speculations say Russian oil company Gazprom is interested in seeing an European fracking ban. "Some predict what was once unthinkable: that the U.S. won't need to import natural gas in the near future, and that Russia could be the big loser."
# It is said that Exxon Mobil thanks to fracking became fond of Siberia:
"According to reports, the Russian government is placing its hopes on Exxon Mobil to help it unlock oil trapped in the Bazhenov shale formation in Western Siberia. Estimates say that the block could 13 billion barrels of oil and Rosneft and Exxon are targeting old fields in the region that no longer produce oil."
# Several Indian farmers supposedly "profit" from the Fracking Boom:
"US companies drilling for oil and gas in shale formations have developed a voracious appetite for the powder-like gum made from the seeds of guar, or cluster bean, and the boom in their business has created a bonanza for thousands of small-scale farmers in India who produce 80 percent of the world's beans."
# Famous artists such as Yoko Ono, Sean Lennon and Susan Sarandon are campaigning against fracking. They are touring together through different US states to discuss the issue.
# Fracking finally has also entered popular fiction: Comics, romance novels and Grisham-esque thrillers are already dealing with it.
It's fair to say that fracking is unlikely to disappear in the upcoming years in the global energy supply discussion. Whether you want to get deeper into the subject, campaign against it or are simply interested in the economic outcome, we hope the blog gave you a good overview of the subject.
coal, energy, expolsion, feroli, fracking, ipaa, jp morgan, julian claudi, leaks, natural gas, oil, resource, resources, special, supply, united states, US
Fracking: A Bridge to the Future? (Part 4)
At the start, several economists, environmentalists and non-profit organizations considered fracking to be a solid bridge technology on the way to a completely renewable energy supply.
"This is a real opportunity for your industry – this is not a 'bridge to nowhere' that we are talking about. Natural gas provides a bridge to the future. To the extent that you can deliver gas at a reasonable cost, you can be part of the solution to climate change."
That statment from Eileen Claussen, president of the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), came from her controversial speech in 2008.
But now, fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, has come under fire from all sides. In fact, they believe it's a counter-productive bridge to nowhere.
Oil and gas are becoming cheaper and competitive again due to fracking. That has in turn put the transition from fossil fuels to renewables in danger.
So what is the solution? Is there any way to reconcile the two driving factors, economic profit and ecologic sustainable development?
Or is there simply not enough research into the pros and cons of fracking yet?
Yale University posed that question to a panel of experts last September:
The opinions diverge, to say the least. If you are still new to the subject, get a short overview in the upcoming 5th and last part of the Global Ideas Fracking Blog series.
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Wow! What an empowering and affirmative post. This is an extremely alchemical process that many seek, but few will ever really attain. I know I am still making my pilgrimage down this road. It's difficult to see yourself outside of the collage of things you've come from.
I think the resistance to let go of our old self and be in the moment comes from our need to put ourselves into some kind of context. People fear that if they just are… then they wont actually be. I guess you could say that your past propels you, but doesn't make you. You decide in what way you will digest your experience.
Thanks Shaheen! This was a very personal post for me and I appreciate the response so much. I think you saw in it what I intended and that affirms me. Incidentally, my friend Kathy just gifted me with a set of your cards last night! Wow, really beautiful work…looking forward to playing around with my intuition when I get a little free time!
Kimmy. I am so happy to hear that your received one of my decks. It fills me with so much joy that those little cards get to become a part of peoples lives. I hope you enjoy them. And I hope you continue down your beautiful path… and keep sharing!


We start this festival with a female composer from England, Rebecca Clarke. A rarity in her time, and it was barely considered possible that a woman could compose anything of note. Yet she's not featured prominently in the programme for reasons of political correctness. This sonata for viola and piano is a fantastic and vigorous piece of music that violists have embraced with enthusiasm. It's time it were made known to a wider audience.
Then we kick off our presentation of Norwegian composers to mark the centenary of the Norwegian Society of Composers. Young Christian Grøvlen has taken on the task of uncovering some real gems. The result is at least one piece from each decade from 1917 until today.
Ruby Hughes is one of today's most outstanding English singers; we're looking forward to her sharing with us the seductive tones of Chausson.
And then to round off we have Janacek's String Quartet entitled "Intimate Letters". Spurred on by his passionate falling in love with Kamila Stosslova, one of music history's most striking examples of the catalysing effect of the muse, here soundly interpreted by his fellow countrymen, the Skampa Quartet.
Moonlight is the wine which through the eyes we drink, is the opening line of Pierrot Lunaire.
The moonbeam reflecting on water is one of Munch's iconic motifs, including in The Dance of Life. Overflowing with mood and possible interpretations.
When Debussy composed his Cello Sonata its working title was: Pierrot is Angry at the Moon.
Stravinsky's suite portrays another commedia dell'arte character, Pulcinella.
We commence with a cosmic horn canopy, before zooming in on our planet and all its creatures of dreams.
Here, four of the twentieth century's character styles are clearly represented: Spectralism, Atonality, Impressionism and Neoclassicism.
Between the opposite poles that are Mozart and Nordheim, we'll here encounter some of the loveliest of French sensualism. Both Verlaine's words and Fauré's tonal setting are the direct result of impassioned inspiration from their respective muses.
The second movement of Ravel's Violin Sonata is a riveting blues.
Andsnes, with a veritable dream team, brings to fruition Mozart's golden Piano Trio in E major.
Sandefjord's Alfred Janson, a significant figure in Norwegian music for decades, as much at home facing music paper yet to be filled with notes as when commanding a melodica in a pub. Senza Pedales was composed for the pianist Lars Haugbro whose legs were paralysed in an accident. As indicated by its title, it has been written to be played without pedals.
The concert will conclude with two Vikings, each at his own piano. And in this instance both arms and legs will be energetically employed.
In between, we'll be hearing some of the tenderest of music for strings.
J.S.Bach's Suites for Unaccompanied Cello are not found in Johan Sebastian's own hand, but in that of his wife, Anna Magdalena. This has led to speculation as to whether it is she who is actually the composer of these pieces.
An exciting thought, two geniuses under the same roof? The postulation is alas more exciting than true. Magnificent music nonetheless, and it's incredible what can be achieved with four strings!
When did you last hear an original composition for tuba and string orchestra? Well, in going for such a treat we've brought in possibly the world's foremost tubist, Andreas Hofmeir.
Benjamin Schmid is a multifaceted musician, impressively versatile in his range. He has collaborated frequently with Stian Carstensen and is at home in numerous types of jazz.
Alma Mahler is an enigmatic woman. A much-feted beauty in Vienna, fiercely anti-Semitic, married to Jewish Gustav Mahler. He was firmly against her composing her own music. And when we listen to these gripping, late-Romantic songs, we can only truly regret the folly of such a stance, and the whole cultural backdrop behind such stifling of one half of humankind.
Schönberg's Verklärte Nacht extends the high-Romantic tonal language. Bona fide crisis-Romanticism! But immeasurably beautiful and captivating: NB, no atonality, don't worry!
Kjempeviseslåtten (Ballad of Revolt) and Baghdad Blues are defiant pieces of music written in protest in times of war.
Strauss's Metamorphosen was composed in mourning over the bombed-out city of Munich, especially its Opera House where Strauss had celebrated many artistic triumphs, and with a feeling that the whole of German culture had been blown to pieces.
Shostakovich's Viola Sonata is also concerns finality, but on a more personal level. It was his last composition, completed just a few weeks before he died of lung cancer.
Both Shostakovich and Strauss have noticeable quotes from Beethoven: The final movement of the Shostakovich's sonata paraphrases the Moonlight Sonata fairly consistently. And Strauss concludes his piece with the opening phrase of the funeral march from the Eroica Symphony.
Balkan music is fiery, emotional, virtuosic, varied. Stian Carstensen has travelled about a lot, and reaped and gathered as only he can. A musical sponge who will be squeezed at this concert. We can't wait, and are in delightful awe of this musical phenomenon.
Gypsy music is probably what most of us associate with this region, despite there being a great deal more to hand too. But for both Brahms and Liszt, Hungarian music was synonymous with Gypsy resonance.
Here, French feelings prevail, from cool to extremely passionate!
Debussy and Fauré had one thing in common: their love for the beautiful soprano Emma Bardac. Fauré wrote his La Bonne Chanson (k3) for her. Debussy married her and they had a daughter – Claude-Emma. Children's Corner was composed for her.
Mozart's wonderful quintet is not for five clarinets, fortunately!
Two of the world's foremost woodwind instrumentalists in solo fashion. The oboe and the bassoon, double-reed, distinctive, personal and endearing. Have you ever split the stem of a dandelion in the spring and tasted the bitter milk that seeps out when you blow on this instrument of nature?
Janacek's String Quartet is based on Tolstoy's novella about jealousy and murder, passionate and fatal.
Mahler is here in a milder mood, but the concert finishes with some refreshing Hungarian barbarism; two pianists and two percussionists in unrestricted effusion.
Were one city to be chosen as the centre of our musical heritage, it would have to be Vienna. In its time the seat of power at the heart of a large empire, still a Mecca for music lovers. Everyone went to Vienna: Mozart, Beethoven, Mahler. But the two composers we'll be hearing in this concert, Schubert and Berg, were both actually born there.
What then is the essence of "Viennese"? It must be the ambivalence: Melancholy-effervescence, tears-smiles, lines of song-dancing steps, banal-sophisticated. Schubert's alternation between major and minor. Alban Berg's dissolution of major and minor.
Vienna must have been a wonderful laboratory for Sigmund Freud.
Glass has suffered a fate unusual to composers of contemporary music by achieving indisputable popularity, without losing credibility, and we now have the chance to hear him through the perfect interpreter; Vikingur Olafsson has collaborated extensively with the composer and, for esteemed Deutsche Grammophon recently released a recording of the very programme we shall be hearing. Composer and the critics are in total agreement: A more perfect rendering than this is unimaginable!
We round off the festival in Dionysiac excess and in giddy waltz time are ushered out into the summer night, expectantly to await next year's festival. Once again two grand pianos will regale us simultaneously, and we will experience once more at this festival just what four hands can get out of two Steinways.
Enescu's superlative early work, his Octet for Strings, has over the last few years been rapturously received across Europe, and has hereby reached Sandefjord.
In the aristocratic setting of Jarlsberg Manor we'll be savouring classical divertissement from Haydn and Mozart, as well as musical pieces of mischief by Dohnanyi and Edvard Fliflet Bræin. But when it comes to sumptuous shenanigans, Mozart will always be the undisputed master.
Joining us are the outstanding Trio Taus plus three of the world's foremost wind instrumentalists!
When we sit down at Verdens ende (World's End), our eyes take in as much as our ears. This magical place bears its name with dignity. It is as if we can catch a glimpse of other continents beyond the horizon.
Dvorak brought back with him tonal patterns from his time in America, which has made its mark not least on the quartet we shall be hearing here, his perhaps most popular chamber work.
In addition, we'll be served a rare dish: Virtuosity and the most mellifluous bel canto on double bass.
Alberto Bocini does things with this instrument many thought impossible.
Bach's Goldberg Variations was written for harpsichord but is played on all keyboard instruments, including the accordion. Perhaps we'll hear a few passages from Stian Carstensen at Draaben Bar during this year's Fjord Classics? But here in the age-old church of Nøtterøy, we shall hear a version for string trio created by violinist Dimitrij Sitkowetsky in the early 1980s. His arrangement has become tremendously popular. Which musician would not like to engage his or her fingers on Bach's hour-long masterpiece?
The work was allegedly written for the insomniac Count Hermann-Karl von Keyserling, to fill his sleepless nights with substance. And substantial it is indeed! Here there are dances, overtures, genre pieces. Furthermore, precise canons, of different intervals. As the work nears its end, Bach really lets his hair down with a Quodlibet, a kind of potpourri of popular folk songs, in one case evoking for Norwegians «Bro,Bro Brille» (similar in form to «London Bridge is Falling Down»). Then, to conclude, there's the beautiful, slow Aria that opened the whole piece. The storybook is closed. Is Hermann-Karl snoring…?
Purely for pleasure….. and so much more!
Wind music played for outdoor enjoyment is not a uniquely Norwegian phenomenon associated with celebration of its National Day. Austria's nobility kept house orchestras called Harmonie, with just such a line-up as you'll be hearing today. And just as one sips Champagne with a blissful smile, so too is the sparkling mood of Mozart's highly irresponsible music.
But we're talking about superlative frivolity. Behind the Champagne there's knowledge, sweating backs in vineyards, years of expectation pressurised in green bottles. Behind the music, half a life of practice, thereafter hours of rehearsals for such a special performance.
And were you aware of the unfaltering craftsmanship that lies behind production of the reeds that oboists, bassoonists, clarinettists use for playing? From bamboo grove to the final meticulous whittle just before a concert?
A good kitchen is presided over with the same kind of passion for perfection. Let's be pampered at a high level!


Electric Fires available from Joyces Online Stove Shop.
Here at Joyces we stock a large range of Electric Fires for our online store and our main street shop in Galway, Ireland. We stock Electric Fires from all leading brands from Ireland and throughout the world from Kingavon to our range of Dimplex Electric Fires.


Text from Volodymyr Peretc, ed., Slovo o Polku Igorevim, Russian Reprint Series 65 (The Hague: European Printing, 1967, pp. 93-94), and Joachim Klein, Zur Struktur des Igorlieds (Munich: Dr. R. Rudolf Trofenik, 1972, p. 169). Originally prepared and translated by Douglas Simms; edited by Jonathan Slocum.
Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě tale neut, nom.sg; about; host neut, dat.sg; Igorian neut, dat.sg.
Igorję, syna Svjętŭslavlję vnuka Olĭgova. Igor masc, gen.sg; son masc, gen.sg; Svjat"slav masc, gen.sg; grandson masc, gen.sg; Oleg masc, gen.sg.
Ne lěpo li ny bjęšetŭ, bratie, not; good/fitting; inter.ptc; too adv; is 3.sg. impf; brothers masc, nom/voc.pl.
načjęti starymi slovesy trudnykhŭ to-begin inf; old neut, inst.pl; words neut, inst.pl; difficult masc, acc.pl.
pověstii o pŭlku Igorevě, tales; about; host masc, dat.sg; Igorian masc, dat.sg.
Igorję Svjętŭslaviča? Igor's masc, gen.sg; Svjat"slavich's masc, gen.sg.
Načjęti že sję tŭ pěsni begins; and; itself acc. refl; this masc, nom.sg; song masc, nom.sg.
po bylinamĭ sego vremeni according-to; tales fem, dat.pl; own gen. refl; time neut, gen.sg.
a ne po zamyšleniju Bojanju! ptc; not; according-to; design neut, dat.sg; Bojanian neut, dat.sg.
ašče komu khotjęše pěsnĭ tvoriti when adv; someone indef, dat.sg; wanted 3.sg. impf; tales masc, acc.pl; create inf.
to rastěkašetsję mysliju po drevu then; burst 3.sg. impf. refl; thought fem, inst.sg; along; tree neut, dat.sg.
sěrymŭ vŭlkomŭ po zemli grey masc, inst.sg; wolf masc, inst.sg; along; earth fem, dat.sg.
šizymŭ orlomŭ podŭ oblaku. blue-grey masc, inst.sg; eagle masc, inst.sg; beneath; cloud neut, dat.sg.
Pomnjęšetĭ bo, reče, remembered 3.sg. impf; for conj; said 3.sg. aor.
pŭrvykhŭ vremenŭ usobitsě former neut, gen.pl; times neut, gen.pl; civil-strife fem, gen.sg.
Togda puščašetĭ 10 [desjętĭ] sokolovĭ then adv; send-forth 3.sg. impf; ten; falcons masc, acc.pl.
na stado lebeděi, into; herd neut, acc.sg; swans masc, gen.pl.
kotoryi dotečaše, who inter.pron, nom.sg, def; run-down 3.sg. impf.
ta predi pěsnĭ pojęše that fem, nom.sg; earlier adv; tale masc, acc.sg; took-up 3.sg. aor.
staromu Jaroslavu, old masc, dat.sg; Jaroslav masc, dat.sg.
khrabromu Mstislavu, brave masc, dat.sg, def; Mstislav masc, dat.sg.
iže zarěza Rededju he-who rel.pron; slew 3.sg. aor; Rededja masc, acc.sg.
predŭ pŭlky Kasožĭskymi, in-front-of; host neut, dat.sg; Kasogian masc, dat.pl.
krasnomu Romanovi Svjętŭslavličju. beautiful masc, dat.sg; Roman masc, dat.sg; Svjatoslavevich masc, dat.sg.


text:
← Ten Predictions For Princeton In 2023!
Town of Princeton Unleashes New Zoning Map With Fifty-Four Distinct Zones →
Princeton Public Library Forum Offers Solutions on Housing
Participants in the first Housing Justice Panel at Princeton Public Library on December 10, 2022 (left to right): Douglas Massey, Ellora Derenoncourt, Thomas Sugrue, Jacob William Faber.
The question of how to provide housing for all members of the community is an important question for Princeton's ongoing Master Plan rewrite, which made it very timely for Princeton Public Library to host a forum on housing justice last month. Organized by Kim Dorman, the Library's Community Engagement Coordinator, in coordination with several local community groups, the session offered two panels with experts who considered the questions of "how did the housing crisis arise?" and "what can we do to fix it?" The panels were each just one hour long, but the quality of the presenations was very high.
Introducing the first panel, Prof. Thomas Sogrue of New York University observed that access to high-quality housing was a huge factor in life outcomes, and a driver of inter-generational wealth. However, just 43% of African-American adults are homeowners in the United States, compared to 74% of white people. Rental housing is also an issue, with a substantial number of renters paying half of their total income in rent. Prof. Jacob Faber noted that housing policies at the national and local level have contributed to exclusion. People's homes are both a place to live and, for many people, an investment. This creates a strong incentive for people to exclude lower-income people from their communities and favor policies that drive up the value of their own property, contributing to the extraction of wealth from lower-income communities that has been noted by Jacob Riis, W.E.B. Du Bois, and James Baldwin.
Prof. Ellora Derenoncourt, of Princeton University, described how the present challenges with housing came about in part because of the response to the movement of African American people from the post-Reconstruction South to the industrial states of the northern USA in the first half of the Twentieth Century. Through this Great Migration, Black people had the opportunity to greatly increase their wealth by moving away from poorer rural states to cities with jobs in productive factories. They were unable to turn this increase in income into generational wealth however, because policies were enacted to try to restrict African Americans to certain neighborhoods. These policies include the widespread use of racially-restrictive covenants, and exclusionary zoning, such as minimum lot sizes and restrictions on building.
Exclusionary zoning was also identified as a problem by Prof. Douglas Massey, also of Princeton University. "Restrictive density zoning is one of the prime drivers of segregation in the United States," he said. His work, from his book, "Climbing Mount Laurel", showed that although some residents have fears about lower-income people moving into their neighborhood, past experience shows that these fears are not realized when new housing is built.
Matt Mleczko of Princeton University chaired the second panel, which he began by asking "what policies and practices should we be focusing on to promote housing justice in the near- and long-term? Jeanne-Pierre Brutus, senior counsel at the New Jersey Institute for Social Justice spoke of the propsed "Fair Appraisal Law" that is working through New Jersey state government. Mr. Brutus also expressed support for the proposed New Jersey Reparations Task Force, which would make recommendations on potential financial payments to African Americans to make up for past discrimination. (Setting up this task force has also been endorsed by Princeton Council.)
Sara Bronin, of Cornell University, suggested that local governments could make a difference on housing by revising and updating local zoning rules. As a founder of "Desegragate Connecticut", Bronin has studied many local zoning codes, and found examples such as one town that required three parking spaces for a single studio apartment. Such rules, along with things like minimum lot sizes and height limits, make it harder to build housing that is desperately needed by low- and midde-class people. She noted that California has recently taken state-level action to make it easier to build in towns with restrictive zoning laws, and expressed the hope that other states would follow.
Peter Kasabach, Executive Director of NJ Future, agreed that zoning changes are important to incentivize creation of new homes, especially in walkable areas, but pointed out that it is important to pair such changes with tools to ensure affordability, such as mandatory inclusion of a proportion of affordable units in new developments.
To wrap up the session, Matt Mleczko asked the panelists to consider possible ways to help distressed cities like Trenton, which have been disproportionately affected by past policy decisions and capital flight. Mr. Brutus suggested 'community land trusts', as an alternative to homeownership, which keeps properties in public ownership while letting residents build equity. A pilot program is operating in Newark, but similar approaches could work statewide. Mr. Kasabach said that for low-income households, affordable housing meant that towns and the state should aim to remove properties from the housing market, and make them available as social housing, without the goal of wealth creation. He also encouraged programs to encourage people of diverse incomes to live in disinvested communities.
The conversation will continue at a second housing forum at Princeton Public Library this coming Saturday, January 21. Matt Mleczko will return to lead a discussion on "What Can We Do Together?", and will be joined by Marina Rubina, who will talk on the theme of "Building Livable, Lovable Density". TAP Into Princeton Editor Richard Rein will open the session on behalf of Princeton Future, with a talk on "Building A Common Vocabulary Of Housing Types". The discussion will no doubt be relevant to Princeton's ongoing Master Plan re-write. It will run from 9 a.m. – 12 noon in the Princeton Library Community Room, and participants can register to participate by Zoom at this link.
The Princeton Public Library has set up a 'Resource Page', with a carefully-curated list of books and online materials for people who are interested in learning more about housing: Link to Library Housing Resource Page.
Videos from the December 10 Housing Justice Forum at Princeton Public Library:
This entry was posted in Affordability, Community, Events, People, planning, Princeton, Zoning and tagged Affordable housing, planning, Princeton. Bookmark the permalink.


This is the same Atmel AVR ATmega328P microcontroller used in the official Arduino Uno, as well as our Eleven, EtherTen, USBDroid, and other boards. Perfect for building your own Arduino-compatible project directly on a breadboard or on a custom PCB, or for replacing the MCU in an existing board.
Comes with the Arduino Uno bootloader pre-installed.
Better still, it even has a special label stuck on top with details of the pinout, so you don't even need to look up the datasheet when connecting it up in your project!
Tutorial - Build your own "Breadboard Arduino"


text:
Q: Image decoding (thumbnails) and using data binding I am downloading a bunch of images and displaying them inside a listbox via data binding.
i.e
...
<ListBox.ItemTemplate>
  <DataTemplate>
    <Image Source="{Binding ImageUrl}" Height="90" Width="90" Stretch="UniformToFill" />
  </DataTemplate>
</ListBox.ItemTemplate>
...

I want to have thumbnails of images. Despite setting the image control to 90x90, images still get decoded at their full original size thus they take up much more memory than they should.
There's a PictureDecoder class that could be used for this purpose, but by the looks of it, it can't be used on a background thread.
I tried creating an attached dependency property which uses a ThreadPool and a WriteableBitmap:
public static readonly DependencyProperty DecodingSourceProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached(
DecodingSourcePropertyName,
typeof (Uri),
typeof (Image),
new PropertyMetadata(null, OnDecodingSourcePropertyChanged));

static void OnDecodingSourcePropertyChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e) {
    var img = d as Image;
    double height = img.Height;
    double width = img.Width;
    var uri = (Uri)e.NewValue;
    var bmp = new WriteableBitmap((int)width, (int)height);

    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callback => {
        var web = new WebClient();
        web.OpenReadCompleted += (sender, evt) => {
            bmp.LoadJpeg(evt.Result);
            evt.Result.Dispose();
            Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.
            BeginInvoke(() = > {
                img.Source = bmp;
            });
        };
        web.OpenReadAsync(uri);
    }
    });
}

<Image helpers:ImageExt.DecodingSource="{Binding ImageUrl}" Height="90" Width="90" Stretch="UniformToFill" />

but it doesn't respect the stretching property I set.
I am wondering are there any third party controls that could serve a similar purpose?
I would want to avoid having to resize images on a server - eventhough it seems to be the easiest way to do.

A: Can't you just use Image.GetThumbnailImage?
If the Image contains an embedded thumbnail image, this method retrieves the embedded thumbnail and scales it to the requested size. If the Image does not contain an embedded thumbnail image, this method creates a thumbnail image by scaling the main image.
Image.GetThumbnailImage Method

A: In Windows Phone 8 there are new properties in the BitmapImage class - DecodePixelWidth and DecodePixelHeight
<Image>
   <BitmapImage UriSource="{Binding Url"}  DecodePixelWidth="200" DecodePixelHeight="200" />
</Image>

It will decode the image to the specified resolution decreasing memory usage. (If you want to maintain aspect ratio just use one of the properties instead of two).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
155-мм орудие Тип 3 — японское среднекалиберное морское орудие времён Второй Мировой войны.

История создания

Разработка 155-мм орудия для лёгких крейсеров началась в Японии в 1930 году под руководством инженера Тиёкити Хата, сразу после заключения Лондонского договора. Испытания орудия начались в 1932 году, на вооружение оно было принято 7 мая 1934 года. Изначально техническое задание предусматривало возможность ведения огня по воздушным целям, поэтому задавался максимальный угол возвышении 75°, начальная скорость снаряда 980 м/с, досягаемость по высоте 18 000 м. Ещё в процессе проектирования стало ясно, что реализация такой задачи потребует очень сложных и тонких механизмов наводки, и в окончательном варианте угол возвышения ограничили 55°

Орудия размещались в 3-орудийных башнях Модель E1, спроектированных в 1932 году на базе двухорудийных 203-мм установок Модель E, использовавшихся на крейсерах типа «Такао», и изначально предусматривавших замену на них благодаря одинаковому диаметру погона.

Обозначение орудия Тип 3/Type 3 даёт отсылку к году разработки затворной группы - 1914 год или третий год эпохи Тайсё.

Установки на кораблях

Крейсера типа «Могами» — 5 башен (15 орудий), до замены главного калибра перед войной

Линейные корабли типа «Ямато» — 4 (позже 2) башни (12 орудий)

Лёгкий крейсер «Оёдо» — 2 башни (6 орудий)

Всего было изготовлено 20 установок для крейсеров типа «Могами», после перевооружения которых в 1940—1941 годах они должны были использоваться на 2 крейсерах типа «Оёдо» и 4 линкорах типа «Ямато» . Из-за отказа от постройки «Ниёдо» и достройки в прежнем виде «Синано» и № 111, а также снятия двух из четырёх башен с «Ямато» и «Мусаси» часть из них вместо кораблей была установлена на берегу в районе Этадзимы.

Боеприпасы

Все 155-мм орудия Тип 3 комплектовались выстрелами раздельного заряжания. Основной заряд имел массу 19,5 кг (36DC2), также существовал облегчённый массой 12,3 кг (50DC2).

Бронебойные и фугасные снаряды оснащались боевой частью из тринитроанизола, осветительные-зарядом из смеси 53% магния, 42,5% нитрата бария, 3,5% воска и 1,0% оксалата натрия.

Аналоги

 152-мм/47,6 Mk.16

 152-мм/58,6 Б-38

 152-мм/50 BL Mk.XXIII

 150 мм/60 SKC/25

 152 mm/55 Model 1930

Литература

Артиллерия калибра 155 мм
Корабельная артиллерия Японии
Корабельная артиллерия среднего калибра
Артиллерия Японии периода Второй мировой войны

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Leukoplakia is the term used to describe a white patch in the mouth that can not be rubbed off and can not be characterised clinically as any specific disease.
Other lesions with the potential to become malignant include oral submucous fibrosis (which is associated with betel quid chewing and carries a high risk of malignant change), chronic candidosis (chronic fungal infection in the mouth), oral lichen planus (link to lichen planus page, oral discoid lupus and actinic keratosis (sun damage usually seen on the lower lip). When a precancerous lesion is suspected then usually a biopsy will be suggested to exclude oral cancer and assess the risk associated with the lesion. Treatment of these precancerous lesions will generally involve addressing the risk factors for oral cancer and monitoring the area.
Early oral cancers usually present as a white patch, a red patch, an ulcer, a lump or a raised area. One of the many great things about Farmer's Markets is that you can find unprocessed honey, also known as raw honey, for sale.
Antioxidants. Raw honey contains powerful cancer-fighting antioxidants, while pasteurized honey does not. Digestive Aid. Raw honey contains many enzymes that can help some people digest food more easily, so it may also help treat ulcers and diarrhea. Vitamins and Minerals. The nutrient content of raw honey varies (darker honey is more nutritious), but a 1 ounce serving typically contains very small amounts of folate as well as vitamins C, B2, B6, B5, and B3.
Wound and Skin Care. Honey has anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and antiseptic properties. Blood sugar regulation. Even though honey contains simple sugars, some researchers believe it does not affect the body in the same way as white sugar or artificial sweeteners. In addition to its health benefits, it is a scientific fact that cooking with honey makes food taste better. My boyfriend is trying to convince me that every food on the planet tastes better with honey.
The contents of this website represent the views and opinions of the writers only and not those of any third-party individuals or companies.
Located at 221 Newbury St., Salon Nordic Skin Care has been serving Boston residents for over 20 years. As part of my sleep medicine practice I see a good number of patients in consultation who are in the pre-operative stages of bariatric surgery. So if OSA is associated with obesity, and you are about to lose a bunch of weight with bariatric surgery, why worry about it? 2) Bariatric surgery above all else is a procedure to improve your overall health by losing significant amounts of weight.
3) Trust me, your insurance company does not care if you snore or are sleepy all the time, they are worried about how much money you could potentially cost them.
During your journey with bariatric surgery, it is very likely that you will lose a significant amount of weight depending on which procedure you undergo.
That being said, please do not ASSUME that by losing 75 pounds, you can forget about your sleep apnea.
I hope this helps you understand the importance of both pre-operative diagnosis OSA in the bariatric process, but also the danger of making assumptions about your disease after weight loss. Receive the latest from Bariatric Freedom AND the 6 Tips for Choosing your Bariatric Surgeon! Use a sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) at all times, because sunlight will worsen your condition. Most of the honey sold in grocery stores has been pasteurized and sometimes blended with cane sugar or corn syrup.
Raw honey contains pollen, enzymes, antioxidants and many other beneficial compounds that researchers are just beginning to discover.
Honey made by bees in the vicinity of an allergenic plant will contain tiny amounts of pollen from that plant. Minerals including calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium and zinc are also found in raw honey.
It is used by the medical profession to treat wounds, burns, and various other skin conditions including acne. Studies have shown that a small dose of raw honey was more effective than an over-the-counter cough treatment.
Honey's exact combination of fructose and glucose may actually help the body better regulate blood sugar levels.
As an urban beekeeper and English Gardener, its no wonder she knows a thing or two about honey! The transformation rate in developed countries of leukoplakia to oral cancer has been estimated to be 2-6% in 10 years, although this may be higher in other parts of the world. It is therefore important to have any new or changing lesions in your mouth checked by an oral healthcare professional. Melasma can occur in pregnant women and is often called the "mask of pregnancy;" however, men can also develop this condition. Sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are best; although, sunscreens with Parsol 1789 (avobenzone) will also provide good protection. Be sure not to give any honey, either raw or treated, to a child under the age of 12 months. The risk is greater when there are red areas associated with the white patch and when the lesion affects the tongue or floor of the mouth under the tongue.
Her blog is all about making beekeeping beautiful and we love her unique spin on health and nutrition.
12.12.2014 at 19:59:28 Men on the market that's whole bunch of times problems.
12.12.2014 at 18:50:39 Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Miracle is a program developed by Tom Bradford that's biofeedback can assist you learn.
12.12.2014 at 21:45:52 I found information about them on the Internet max Miller PDF Download.
12.12.2014 at 13:36:59 Ought to have had overcome any preliminary discomfort with the method their respective homeowners.


Massive growth in Brisbane has heightened the demand in the requirement of large heavy metal machining. Read on to find out why Prime Engineering is the best heavy metal machinist in Brisbane.
Find out more about the process of mechanical engineering services in this article! From consultation to handing over your new product, Prime Engineering covers the entire process.
Ultrasonic testing is vital to the upkeep of oil and gas pipelines. But NDT workers require specialist equipment to carry out these tests and guarantee reliable results.
A facility integrity assessment can enhance the operational efficiency of an oil and gas facility and reduce the risks involved with its day-to-day running.
Whether you need to repair, recondition or redesign and completely replace mechanical components of large industrial machines, Prime Engineering can help you out.
There are many advantages to using CNC machines for the precision machining of industrial parts. But there are also a few disadvantages that must be managed by skilled engineers.
5 Fun Facts From Your Local Brisbane CNC Machining Team!
The CNC machining industry is undergoing significant advancement worldwide, and our Brisbane team of specialists want to share their favourite facts and recent discoveries with you!
Large Pump Repair Specialists – When size matters!
Attention all pump repairs technicians: Do you require the assistance of a reliable, experienced and efficient large pump component manufacturer in Australia?
Sick of people beating around the bush when explaining how precision machining services can enhance your project? It's time to throw the jargon out the window.
Subcontract precision machining in Brisbane – Why Brisbane does it better!
What's the difference between a precision machining subcontractor in Brisbane, and one in Sydney or Melbourne? No, This isn't the start to a joke, but it's enlightening nonetheless!


What Are the Penalties For Drug Dealing?
The potential penalty for manufacturing drugs, dealings drugs, or possession with intent to distribute drugs depends on the type of drug and the amount of the drug involved.
A term of imprisonment may be imposed to run consecutively with any other term of imprisonment for the commission of another felony. Second or subsequent convictions for drug dealing can result in higher sentences.
In a felony prison sentence, a person receives a minimum and maximum sentence. The minimum sentence a person actually receives depends on a combination of variable including a person's prior record and the specifics of the sentencing offense. The maximum sentence is set by law. To determine the potential sentence, speak with a lawyer to compute your felony sentencing guidelines.
Sam Bernstein is a Defense Lawyer in Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti.
Previous Post What Happens When You Aren't Read Your Miranda Rights?


> Click Here to See Photos From the Awards Gala.
For books published in English in 2007.
For articles published in English in 2007.
For television, webcast, and radio programs aired in 2007.
A working restaurateur, actively involved in multiple restaurants in the United States, who has set uniformly high national standards as a creative force in the kitchen and/or in restaurant operations. Candidates must have been in the restaurant business for at least ten years.
A restaurant opened in 2007 that already displays excellence in food, beverage, and service and is likely to have a significant impact on the industry in years to come.
A chef or baker who prepares desserts, pastries, or breads and who serves as a national standard-bearer for excellence. Candidates must have been pastry chefs or bakers for at least the past five years.
A restaurant that displays and encourages excellence in wine service through a well-presented wine list, a knowledgeable staff, and efforts to educate customers about wine. Candidates must have been in operation for at least five years.
A winemaker, brewer, or spirits professional who has had a significant impact on the wine and spirits industry nationwide. Candidates must have been in the profession for at least five years.
A restaurant that demonstrates high standards of hospitality and service. Candidates must have been in operation for at least the past five years.
In 1965 Fritz Maytag acquired the Anchor Brewing Company of San Francisco and became a pioneer of American microbrewing. Since then, he has not only preserved the tradition of Anchor Steam Beer, but he has also made Anchor a national brand without ever compromising his high standards. In the 1980s and 1990s, due in part to Maytag's example, more than one thousand small breweries sprouted up all over the country. Today, American microbrewed beers rate among the finest beers in the world, and the return to traditional brewing methods has become a world-wide phenomenon, producing a veritable flood of creative and delicious beers.
In addition to his position as president and brewmaster of Anchor, since the 1960s Maytag has steered his family's Maytag Dairy Farms in Newton, Iowa. Maytag Blue cheese, produced since 1941, was a creation of Fritz's father, and the company has been a leader in the American artisanal cheese renaissance. Sold almost entirely by mail for the first few decades, Maytag Blue has become a familiar sight in fine restaurants and food shops in recent years.
Maytag is also the owner of York Creek Vineyards in the Spring Mountain District above St. Helena, where he grows more than a dozen grape varieties, and last year celebrated his 39th harvest.
In 2003 he won the James Beard Foundation Outstanding Wine and Spirits Professional Award. He currently serves on the Foundation's National Advisory Board.
Chefs who have set new or consistent standards of excellence in their respective regions. Each candidate may be employed by any kind of dining establishment and must have been a working chef for at least the past five years. The three most recent years must have been spent in the region where chef is presently working.


Nothing to write home about with the production, but the lyrics are light enough to draw a few smiles and catchy enough to have you singing along before the song is over. "I'm Luke Skywalkin' on these haters!"
I'm currently unaware of why I enjoy this song. It's dumb, simplistic, and lyrically it's borderline retarded. But ... that hook.


This shopping mall will be the modern urban highlight in downtown Hagen with close proximity to the historic City Hall. Connected to Mittelstrasse und Friedrich-Ebert-Platz it will upgrade the shopping experience with 700 m2 window fronts and 18000 m2 retail space. Building City Hall Shopping Mall is Hagen's investment in the future. It will secure and protect its attractive shopping position within this region.
The close cooperation with KOPRIAN iQ in 2013 also led to other European countries. For a large German fund a only five year old large shopping mall in Malmö / Sweden was functionally and architecturally "repaired" and optimized. After the opening in 2009 the expected success of the ENTRÈ shopping center failed. Expected visitor frequencies were not achieved, the result was increasing shop vacancy with a vacancy rate of 30 % in 2012. Then the owner Commerz Real Investment (CRI) pulled the emergency brake: more than 30 million Euro should be invested into the repositioning of ENTRÈ into "MALMÖ PLAZA – Heart of Malmö". The center will then have a fully new design and functional layout. The number of tenants in the shopping center is expected to increase after the restructuring from 75 units to a total of 110 to 120 rental units. For this, the center will be expanded by approximately 3,000 square meters of retail space. The property is located in the north of Malmö, walking distance only about fifteen minutes from central old town, pedestrian area and Central Station. The center is located at a prominent, clearly visible place in the city and is very well developed. The northern main road "Stockholmsvägen" leads directly towards the north facade, in the south the main facade is located at the end of the great urban alley-axis Kungsgatan with open space and the there located bus station. Renewed The external appearance will be renewed, the open spaces and especially the functionality with redesigning the interior malls .
The redevelopment and tasteful integration of Oranien Shopping Mall will combine the best of both worlds. It will be a new modern shopping mall that is thoughtfully integrated into the historic center of Dillenburg. This challenging and complex conversion is vital to stop the downturn trend and revive this beautiful 800 year old traditional city to become once again an attractive shopping destination for this region. Having secured the leasing contract with anchor Media Markt, the project has now entered its critical phase. Opening is planned for Fall 2014. Negotiations with final investors are underway. Total investment volume is 27 mio euro. This project is made possible through a collaboration between PLS (Partner lebendige Stadt) a subsidiary of KOPRIAN iQ, Hamburg, OBJEKTWERT, Dillenburg and KuBuS.
A specialized KuBuS team manages nationwide the construction, remodeling, and reopening of HORNBACH do-it-yourself stores. The planning expertise includes prototype development as well as the concrete project development with necessary approval process and the planning and managing at the construction site. The buildings with a total space between 18000 m2 and up to 22000 m2 and about 500 parking spaces require areas of 40000 m2. After the contract is signed and the order is received the stores have to be built and opened within 9 months. In almost 20 years of successful cooperation KuBuS has realized more than 40 projects and researched more than 100 locations.
This new mall will be built close to the famous Hexenturm (witch tower) in the center of beautiful historic old town of Idstein. The old middle school building, which is under monument protection is planned to be included in an architecturally unique vitrine style. The inner hall that will offer a food court and catering services will be built like an orangery. Three entrances will open to the city and the pedestrian zone. The mall will have 10500 m2 retail space, 230 parking spaces and is to be opened in 2015. Total investment volume is about 45 mio euro. This is a project of PLS (Partner Lebendige Stadt), a consortium of KOPRIAN iQ, Hamburg, OBJEKTWERT, Dillenburg and KuBuS.
The developing partners had the goal to revitalize the old town of Celle by building a modern attractive shopping mall yet using at least 10 of the existing original half-timber buildings, preserving and refurbishing them. With a new parking garage with 600 parking spaces at the inner city ring the project was planned to ensure the future of the city Celle as a shopping destination for the region, for which Celle competes with Hanover. Even a highly publicized bidding competition for the façade design could not save the project. Political changes and negative public sentiment prevented this unique redevelopment opportunity.
This shopping mall was planned for the historic part of Detmold, directly connected to the pedestrian zone to make downtown Detmold more attractive. A diverse and balanced mix of stores could have served the general shopping needs. The challenge of the project was to maintain the special historic building substance of the 'Lustgarten', the run of the river 'Werre' and still built a financially sound and attractive store concept. The presented solution was unique and satisfied all these requirements. Although the initial project development was successful, it could not be built because the investors and the city could not agree on contract terms.
It was planned to combine a historical mill tower with a new modern shopping experience to revive downtown that had lost its attraction, especially visible in the eastern part of the pedestrian zone. The connection to the train station could have defined a new gate into the city, upgraded the area and Ahlen and given the city a competitive edge for the future.
Hailed by the press in 2001 as century project it became reality in 2003. A new modern shopping mall and multi-purpose hall were built, utilizing the area close to the former freight train station. Thus reshaping the cityscape, giving the city a clearly defined gate into the city. This new urban identity makes Wetzlar more competitive with other similar sized cities in the area such as Giessen and Marburg. Initiated by KuBuS with others in 1998, ECE took over the project after planning approval and realized it. The multi-purpose hall, the RITTAL-arena, is used by renowned German Handball League playing HSG Wetzlar and for many events of up to 4500 visitors. As such it has become the biggest advertising space and given the city an international touch.


Welcome to another week of What Will You Stamp?! This week, we were challenged to use the Watercolor Words stamp set. This is a fun set--love the sentiments! And, I love, love, love the Wink of Stella pens!! I went a bit crazy with the coloring, but I think it's beautiful!! And, the sparkle is so pretty!!
Adhere the Crumb Cake strip to the designer series paper. Secure Bermuda Bay ribbon around the panel as shown with scotch tape. Create a bow and use a glue dot to attach it to the panel as shown. Use snail to secure to card front.
Run the Wisteria Wonder panel through the Big Shot with the Large Polka Dot embossing folder. Slip it under the ribbon as shown and secure to the front of your card with Snail.
Run a scrap of Crumb Cake through the Big Shot with a Lots of Labels Framelits Die to fit just inside the Wisteria Wonder panel. Stamp the sentiment and then slip it under the ribbon as shown and secure with Snail.
Stamp the ice cream cone onto a scrap of Whisper White. Paint as shown with the Clear and Gold Wink of Stella. Fussy cut and attach to your card front with dimensionals.
Welcome to another week of What Will You Stamp?! This week, we were challenged to use the Botanical Blooms stamp set. This is one of my very favorite sets from the Occasions Catalog! It's just so versatile!!
I hope you'll play along with us!!
Ink up the spotted image from Gorgeous Grunge with Tip Top Taupe ink and stamp once on scratch paper and then stamp on the whisper white piece (this keeps the ink from being too intense). Stamp randomly on the piece of whisper white.
Stamp the sun burst image from Kinda Eclectic in Tip Top Taupe (you may want to "stamp off" once so it's not so intense).
Stamp sentiment from Happy Birthday, Everyone in Night of Navy.
Add Tip Top Taupe ribbon before adhering to card base.
Just a touch of shimmer!!
Nacho Average Blog Hop: Occasions Edition!!
Stamp rose image in Basic Black.
"Smoosh" the versamark pad over the whole image – make sure it's all covered!
Add your favorite sentiment to the inside of the card.
Hope you like the cards!!! Now, time to continue on the hop!
Good morning! Can you tell I had some time to stamp!! I go almost a week without posting, then three posts over two days!! Such consistency!! Thanks to all of you that stay with me--I really do appreciate it!!
I couldn't find my white embossing powder, so I used the Iridescent Ice embossing powder for this resist technique! Kinda fun to see some sparkle!!
I love clean and simple. It's my favorite style of card making. Don't get me wrong, I love all the fru-fru stuff, the cards that won't fit in an envelope! I go crazy looking at it all! BUT, when it comes down to creating, well, I prefer the clean and simple. After 15+ years, I'm finally not afraid to admit that I'm just not good at fru-fru! :-) I still admire it and those that do it so beautifully, but I'm okay with my style!
I colored onto my stamp directly, using Calypso Coral and Pear Pizzazz Stampin' Write Markers. After stamping, I used Dazzling Details to add some sparkle to the flowers. It's very hard to capture with the camera, but it's very pretty! and subtle.
Hi!! I worked long and hard on the current sketch from Freshly Made Sketches. I had some grand ideas in my head. Alas, they didn't seem to want to form correctly on cardstock! Again, I really did work for quite a long time on this, which is why I am posting it even if it's not the greatest card. It is the best one of the bunch..........yes, there were others!! haha!!
Again, alot of great ideas that just weren't working! Heck, my glitter tape isn't even right!
Here's the sketch -- a really nice one!!


Qatar's LNG supplies to the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) and Egypt will likely have to stop, according to the Chief Executive Office of Dubai-based consultancy Qamar Energy, Robin Mills, on Friday.
Mills told Anadolu Agency that if direct LNG supplies from Qatari ports to the U.A.E, and Egypt cease due to the imposition of sanctions, both countries will need to find other alternative suppliers.
"Qatar's shipping, including oil and LNG tankers, is being affected logistically by not being able to call at U.A.E. ports," Mills said.
He noted, however, that pipeline gas supplies are safe for now from Qatar.
Qatar provides over 25 percent of the U.A.E.'s natural gas consumption.
"I doubt Qatar would cut it off unless they are really desperate, as it would be a very aggressive move and would badly damage their reputation with other suppliers," he argued.
Five Arab states, including Saudi Arabia severed diplomatic ties with Doha on Monday, accusing it of supporting terrorism in the region.
Mauritania and Senegal followed suit, while Jordan downgraded its diplomatic relations with Doha.
Qatar, known as the world's biggest LNG supplier, is ideally located to play arbitrage between the Atlantic and the Pacific basin.
In 2016, the country exported around 77 million tons of LNG, mostly to Asia.


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Kevin Brockway
Gators pass on Jackson Davis
Florida canceled its in-home visit with 2014 frontcourt prospect Jackson Davis on Wednesday.
According to Davis' father, former Kentucky forward Jonathan Davis, it was a friendly parting. Davis said his son talked on a conference call a few hours with Florida coach Billy Donovan and Florida assistant coach John Pelphrey.
"We did keep the meeting," Jonathan Davis said. "But after talking on the phone we realized that Jackson wants to go somewhere where he can make an immediate impact, play 25-30 minutes, and we didn't see that happening at Florida."
Davis also indicated that the Florida coaching staff appears confident that it will land Michigan transfer forward Jon Horford.
"It worked out well for (Florida) because they only have one scholarship left and are looking to use it on a big-time transfer," Davis said.
A 6-foot-8, 220-pound power forward from Lexington, Ky., Davis is considered the 57th best power forward prospect in the nation and the fifth-best prospect in the state of Kentucky according to 247sports.com's college basketball database. He could still wind up playing in the Southeastern Conference, but not at UF. Alabama offered Davis a scholarship after a visit on April 18. The Tide are one of Davis' three finalists, along with Butler and Rice.
Horford has yet to decide on his transfer destination, but Florida appears to be the frontrunners. The 6-foot-9, 250-pound graudate transfer also is mulling offers from Notre Dame and UCF.
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Newcomer Pinkins top paid UF assistant basketball coach
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Inside CeeDee Lamb's 'Unbelievable' TD Catch
The first glimpse of CeeDee Lamb in a Cowboys uniform featured a one-handed catch on the rookie's first day of training camp practice in mid-August.
And now the best catch of Lamb's young NFL career - so far, anyway - is another highlight-reel reception that helped Dallas end a frustrating four-game losing streak.
Lamb's 4-yard touchdown in Sunday's 31-28 comeback win over Minnesota - a twisting, contorting catch as he fell backward onto the U.S. Bank Stadium turf - put the Cowboys back in front 13-7 late in the second quarter.
More importantly, it marked the first time since Oct. 11 against the Giants - the game in which quarterback Dak Prescott suffered a compound fracture and dislocation of his ankle - that the Cowboys posted more than one touchdown in a game.
"Unbelievable body control and discipline and focus," head coach Mike McCarthy said of Lamb's touchdown, his fourth in 10 games.
Andy Dalton, back in the lineup Sunday as Prescott's injury replacement, lofted the ball to the back left corner of the end zone on second-and-goal from the Minnesota 4-yard line.
Lamb, working against Vikings rookie cornerback Jeff Gladney, had a hard time tracking it at first.
"Honestly in that position it was very hard to see," he said. The lights from the stadium made it difficult. I ran my route and Andy gave me a great opportunity, a great ball to have the opportunity to make the catch. ... At the end of the day you've got to win your individual battles, and I did.
"As a receiver, you don't really get too many opportunities to catch a corner-of-the-end-zone type pass at the 4-yard line when you have a great running game, with Zeke (Elliott) in the backfield and the O-Line that we have. ... I made the most of my opportunity. I saw the ball that was in the air, he gave me a shot and I definitely didn't want it to hit the ground."
At first glance, it looked like Dalton's throw didn't have enough air under it for Lamb to make the catch.
"I let it go before he kind of set his angle on the route," Dalton said. "He took it a little flatter than I thought. For a guy like that to be able to make that kind of catch, you can see the talent that he has.
"CeeDee's so good when the ball is in the air, him being able to make his body in position to make acrobatic catches like that. You saw everything that he's done in college and some of the stuff that he's already been able to do since he's been here. I'm just trying to lay it up there, let him go have a chance at it. And he made an unbelievable catch."
Highlight-reel catches - the ones made and the ones that fall incomplete - are the ones receivers don't easily forget. Lamb still remembers a one-handed catch he made his sophomore year at Oklahoma against UCLA in 2018.
"Out of bounds," he said, regretfully.
He got this one. He also finished with four catches for 34 yards, three punt returns for 48 yards and a successful two-point conversion run on a pitch from Elliott that gave Dallas a 24-21 lead early in the fourth quarter.
Lamb, the 17th overall pick in April's draft, surpassed Hall of Famer Bob Hayes' record for most catches by a rookie in a season (46) Sunday.
There are many more to come.
"I go back to draft day. I'm so glad he's a Dallas Cowboy," McCarthy said. "I think we're all seeing the beginning of a tremendous career."


Here I have gathered as many resources and reviews on the F5 as possible. There is plenty of information out there documented by many photographers' alike but little compares to the excitement and learning curve of buying an F5 and firing away. If you have more information or would like to include anything then please get in touch.
Hard to find these days but Nikon's older advertising was far better than what it is currently. Instead of megapixels and processors they use to pitch to your real needs, reliability and dependability. If you were in the field without a Nikon you were second place even before the finish.
The glossy sales pitch and useful information that Nikon included with each F5. Rare items just like the original boxes if you have them.


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SportFootballLeeds United
Tottenham Hotspur 3-0 Leeds United - who had a good day for Whites, who didn't and what was the turning point?
Leeds United don't do good days out in London, that much has become painfully clear in recent seasons and yesterday's trip to Tottenham Hotspur was no exception.
By Graham Smyth
Sunday, 3rd January 2021, 11:40 am
GOOD DAY - Kalvin Phillips might have ended up on the losing side but he worked his way into the game and did well on and off the ball for Leeds United against Spurs. Pic: Getty
But it wasn't all bad, despite a 3-0 defeat. There was effort and energy and some nice football on display from Marcelo Bielsa's men. Raphinha's first half movement, Mateusz Klich's flicks and Jack Harrison's dribbling brought fun to the proceedings, if not goals for the visitors. Here's how we saw it.
Kalvin Phillips
Phillips seems to be developing the ability to work his way into games, after a quiet start. He did it against Manchester City, working harder to get on the ball after being shut down early on and he did it, to a slightly lesser degree admittedly, against Tottenham Hotspur. He was an absentee for most of the first 20 minutes but grew into it and put in a solid shift overall, in and out of possession. He began the day by greeting his England team-mates in the tunnel before the game, a nice moment made possible by his rise to international level, and was soon getting stuck into them on the pitch. The yellow card he picked up in the second half was unfortunate, however, it will rule him out of a reunion with Ben White.
Gjanni Alioski
Had he replicated his goal against West Brom with that early chance in London, things might have been different. It was a tough game for the left-back, but as Marcelo Bielsa alluded to, some of his problems were created by the way Leeds play and the structural issues they faced at times against Spurs. Bielsa, as ever, took responsibility for any difficulties Alioski faced. Even on a bad day, Alioski's effort levels were there to be seen and it must be remembered that he was playing against some incredible attacking players. On another day the penalty might have been deemed a free-kick too, it was touch and go. Illan Meslier didn't have a great afternoon either but made some important stops to keep the scoreline at least respectable. Rodrigo will feel he should have brought more to the game and faded noticeably in influence in the second half.
Son Heung-Min brought up his century of goals for Tottenham Hotspur with the lovely finish he guided past Illan Meslier. Of course it came from a Harry Kane cross. Son is electric. His movement, pace and energy make him a nightmare for defenders, his connection with Kane is remarkable and his performance was excellent. He didn't have it all his own way, but he was good value throughout.
Son's goal
Once the second went in, just before half-time, it became very difficult to imagine a scenario where Spurs let slip of their advantage. They're such a strong side, with defenders who know how to defend and attackers who need few chances to score. On the counter attack they are lethal and they punish mistakes with ruthlessness. Mourinho's men added a third but they didn't need to, two goals always looked like enough against a Leeds side with plenty of intent, endeavour and effort but little real joy in the final third. Spurs packed the penalty area and looked pretty comfortable, despite the wave after wave of attacks from the visitors.


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University of Montana
Missoula, MT (59801)
A clear sky. Low 46F. WSW winds at 10 to 20 mph, decreasing to 5 to 10 mph..
A clear sky. Low 46F. WSW winds at 10 to 20 mph, decreasing to 5 to 10 mph.
McArthur
TOM BAUER, Missoulian
A day after announcing new Missoulian publisher, Lee Enterprises changes course
DAVID ERICKSON david.erickson@missoulian.com and MISSOULIAN STAFF
A day after introducing a new publisher to oversee its western Montana newspapers, including the Missoulian, Lee Enterprises changed course.
"Due to recent developments, Paul McArthur will not be joining Lee Enterprises,'' said Nathan Bekke, vice president of consumer sales and marketing and group publisher for the Iowa-based media company.
Bekke declined further comment. The company does not publicly discuss personnel matters.
Within hours of news reports about McArthur's appointment Tuesday, his past tweets and Twitter "likes'' on topics ranging from the news media to Islam to the weight of flight attendants were being widely shared — and criticized — on social media.
McArthur "liked'' tweets posted by conservative commentators criticizing mainstream news coverage as unfair or inaccurate, including a quote from Dinesh D'Souza that "the press isn't so much the enemy of the people, more that it's the enemy of the truth."
He also used his personal Twitter account to say: "They changed name from stewardess to flight attendant and all 'stewardesses' became mean, fat, old, ugly and/or gay - weird, huh?''
On the same account, he posted: "Am I the only one uncomfortable with a GIANT digital 'Join Islam' billboard in front of Newark airport? BTW, white sign, blood red letters.''
McArthur, who worked as a senior vice president of sales for Gatehouse Media's Central Division, could not be reached for comment Wednesday.
He was scheduled to begin work as publisher of the Missoulian and Ravalli Republic, as well as regional publisher overseeing Lee newspapers in Butte and Helena, next week. Tyler Miller is publisher of the Helena Independent Record and the Montana Standard in Butte.
Lee Regional Vice President Mike Gulledge, publisher of the Missoulian, Ravalli Republic and Billings Gazette, stepped down Monday, announcing he was leaving the company after undergoing heart surgery. Dave Worstell, the general manager of the Gazette, was named publisher there this week.
The role of a newspaper publisher has changed over time, said Dennis Swibold, who teaches journalism ethics at the University of Montana.
"At the turn of the last century, before the professionalization of journalism, publishers played politics and had business interests that would intersect with things'' the newspaper covered, he said. "The ethics came out of a backlash to that. Now, journalists use the 'separation of church and state' analogy. You don't want people, readers, thinking that the news can be bought or that columns can be purchased or something."
Jeanne Abbott, an associate professor of journalism at the University of Missouri School of Journalism, said most publishers have "a business function more than an editorial function."
"Usually, they're trying to keep the newspaper solvent or the news organization solvent," she said. "They're focused on sound business practices that serve advertisers and readers. I've worked for newspapers and under three or four publishers, and their role was generally not much of an editorial capacity, in terms of content.''
Abbott said the publisher usually serves on boards of different community organizations and in many cases is the public face of the business.
"They are important to the newsroom in making sure the organization is on sound financial ground so that the editorial product can be published," she said. "They are the brand of the newspaper, they're in the public eye. The publisher has more of a role in connecting to the community in a business and outreach kind of way. But the important thing is that the public understands they need to be separated from influencing content."
Traditionally, the editor of a newspaper runs the newsroom, overseeing the operation of the news, sports and features departments. The publisher is a member of the paper's editorial board, which shapes the opinions expressed on the newspaper's editorial page.
"Because the publisher often has a more public role in the community, representing the newspaper at the Rotary Club and at the Chamber of Commerce, maybe there isn't quite as clear of a distinction," Abbott said. "Because [community leaders] see the publisher more often than the editor, they might be confused. They might suppose that the publisher then represents the newspaper entirely, including content.
"The publisher has a role to play in producing content," but every newspaper would try to keep the distinction, she said.
Lee Enterprises owns five newspapers in Montana. It is a publicly traded media company based in Davenport, Iowa, with publications in 49 markets in 21 states.
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Missoulian, Ravalli Republic, Billings Gazette publisher Mike Gulledge leaving Lee Enterprises
Mike Gulledge, regional publisher of the Missoulian, the Ravalli Republic and the Billings Gazette, and vice president of publishing for Lee E…
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Victims Of War
Deportations close to the frontline in France
« In the evening, near to the railway tracks, you can hear voices coming from the wagons : hate-filled expletives, people whimpering from the cold and hunger or, when their spirits lift again, an ode to the beloved homeland for which people are suffering …»
- Appel des femmes de la Belgique occupée aux femmes des pays neutres contre les déportations et le travail forcé des civils belges, 15 décembre 1916.
SLAVE LABOUR. A 21-year-old farmer from Nederhasselt, Viktor S., was rounded up and deported to France from November 1916 to February 1918, staying in the Romagne, Grand-Failly, Ecurey and Longyon camps. Every day, Viktor was set to work cutting trees and breaking stones. He had the physical stamina to keep on going, which was not true of all his fellow workers.
BURNED BY BOILING-HOT COFFEE. Apart from the lack of food and unhygienic conditions, Viktor also had to contend with the humiliations and attacks visited upon him by his German jailers as a result of refusing to sign an employment contract. A German guard even threw some boiling-hot coffee at him, burning one of his feet.
"SICK LEAVE". As a result of the burns, Viktor was able to return to Nederhasselt, where he could be treated. After 4 months of care he had to return to work. On his return from deportation, in February 1918, he once again had to receive hospital treatment.
In 1917, in Effry in Thiérache (Aisne), the Germans chose a factory as the site of a field hospital created to centralise the civilian and military patients. Between 1,400 and 1,600 people were crammed into the place. In the military cemetery adjacent to the civilian cemetery, the graves of civilians who died in captivity now surround the ossuary containing the mortal remains of 688 Belgian, French, Italian, Russian and Romanian prisoners who died in 1917.
MISFORTUNE STRIKES. It was about 10 o'clock in the evening, on 30 April 1918, when 29-year-old Nicolas L., a piercer living close to Hautmont (France), tried to cross the Franco-Belgian border. A German police officer called out to him to stop but he ran away, whereupon the police officer fired two revolver shots, and one of the bullets hit Nicolas L.'s left leg. In spite of his efforts to continue his escape, he was caught, treated and then sent to join a punishment battalion in Longwy.
Apart from the injury he incurred when trying to escape, for which he was incapacitated for 6 weeks, Nicolas L. suffered another injury during his forced labour in Réhon. His right leg was crushed on 7 August 1918, when a locomotive pulling some small trucks was derailed.
Injured in a punishment column in Longwy (France), I was treated by the Huns, if you can call it treated, then, from the Armistice until 7 February 1919, by the French army in Guéret (Creuse).
— Nicolas L.
FORCED TO WORK CLOSE TO HOME. Jean-Baptiste M., a 53-year-old farm hand, lived in Bosseval (Ardennes-France). Used to perform forced labour, he was not deported very far from home, as his duties took him to the nearby Bosseval woods. Just like him, several locals were forced to work there starting from February 1917. As a result of poisoning and a lack of follow-up care, Jean-Baptiste M. passed away on 15 September 1918.
FLUSHING OUT PEOPLE WHO RESIST BY TARGETING THEIR FAMILIES. Assigned to forced labour duties, 20-year-old Octave D. left for Sedan in November 1916. He managed to escape and reach as far as Kruishoutem on foot, where he went into hiding. In October 1917, because he was also suspected of resistance the Germans targeted his father, Jules. After repeatedly threatening and intimidating the father to get him to confess, they had him locked up in Deinze prison, where he was not allowed to eat or drink.
THE SON GIVES HIMSELF UP. Octave D. decided to hand himself into the authorities in order to end his father's ordeal. Continuing to refuse work to the detriment of his homeland, Octave was then sent to a punishment camp in France. His father was severely affected by the treatment he had received, and struggled to recover. In the wake of these events, he began showing the first signs of Parkinson's disease.
BECAUSE HE TRIED TO PICK AN APPLE… During his internment, Octave D. received a paltry wage and was often mistreated and underfed. When he saw an apple lying on the ground he rushed to pick it up but the guards soon sprang into action. He was shot at close range and a bullet pierced both legs. He was finally repatriated on 17 August 1918.
A German soldier dropped from the train a series of packs which had been laid down on the car floor, but one of them got stuck. Subsequently, the person who had come to fetch the pack stepped onto the foot stool and was struggling to free the parcel when the train started again without prior notice. The person then fell on the track and got his foot cut.
RAILWAY TRAGEDY. Ghislain D., a plasterer, was 35. Married and father, he was living in Guignies, near Tournai and had been summoned to compulsory labour in a gravel pit near Valenciennes. On his way back from furlough, on March 19, 1918, he was sitting in a German military train that was carrying him to the labour camp in Try Saint Léger.
Yet, his arrival took an unexpected turn. Ghislain fell between the track and the train and his right leg was crushed. He was then carried away to the hospital in Valenciennes, where he had his leg amputated by German physicians, at a distance of 20 cm from the hip. He recovered at hospital until September 26, 1918, before going back home.
Ghislain D. asked for compensation on August 28, 1919, and in January 1923, he was recognized as being disabled with an incapacity for work of 65%.
The accident was to set a precedent as it was caused by a train travelling under deportation circumstances and without any relation to the work carried out inside the camp : "Case law has accepted that the accident caused by a car belonging to the German or Allied Forces gives entitlement to compensation, that one could reasonably ask oneself the question whether exception should be made for the railway company owning the train with which the person involved was forced to travel and that, moreover, a specific factor has to be taken into consideration : deportation." (Fernand J., lawyer)
Belgian civilians as Forced Labourers
Other deportations, 1917-1918
More about World War I
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