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Case Name International Refugee Assistance Project ("IRAP") v. Trump IM-MD-0004
Docket / Court 8:17-cv-00361-TDC ( D. Md. )
State/Territory Maryland
Case Type(s) Immigration and/or the Border
Presidential/Gubernatorial Authority
Special Collection Trump Travel Ban Challenges
Attorney Organization ACLU Affiliates (any)
ACLU Immigrants' Rights Project
ACLU National (all projects)
International Refugee Assistance Project (IRAP)
National Immigration Law Center
On February 7, 2017, five immigrant advocacy organizations and fifteen individual immigrants filed this class-action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland (in Greenbelt). Represented by the ACLU and the National Immigration Law Center, the plaintiffs challenged President ... read more >
On February 7, 2017, five immigrant advocacy organizations and fifteen individual immigrants filed this class-action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland (in Greenbelt). Represented by the ACLU and the National Immigration Law Center, the plaintiffs challenged President Trump's January 27, 2017, executive order (EO). The order restricted admission to the U.S. for nationals of seven majority-Muslim countries and suspended the U.S. refugee program. The plaintiffs alleged that the order violated the First and Fifth Amendments, the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), the Refugee Act, and the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). They sought a declaration that the EO was unlawful; they also sought a preliminary and permanent injunction prohibiting the defendants (the President, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of State, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence) from implementing the order. The complaint focused on the order's disproportionate impact on Muslims, arguing that its chaotic and irregular policy changes indicated that it was intended to discriminate against members of the religious group.
The plaintiff organizations were:
The International Refugee Assistance Project;
The Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS, Inc.);
The Middle East Studies Association of North America;
The Arab American Association of New York; and
he Yemeni American Merchants Association.
In addition, the plaintiffs sought class certification on behalf of all persons "in the United States for whom the EO either interferes with family reunification or the ability to travel internationally and return to the United States."
The case was assigned to District Judge Theodore Chuang.
On February 22, 2017, the plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction to bar the government from enforcing Section 5(d) of the Executive Order (which reduced the number of refugees who could be admitted to the United States in 2017 by more than fifty percent). The plaintiffs argued that without the injunction, "no additional refugees [could] be approved and admitted for resettlement" during fiscal year 2017, and that thousands of refugees already approved for admission would not be allowed to enter the United States.
On March 6, 2017, prompted by developments in a similar case in the Ninth Circuit, the President rescinded his January 27 Executive Order and replaced it with a narrower one, Executive Order 13780. The same day, the government filed notice in this case of the new EO.
After the updated EO was signed by the President, plaintiffs moved forward with their preliminary injunction motion because, they claimed, the new EO would still substantially reduce refugee admission. They also filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint alleged that the March 6 order was motivated by the same anti-Muslim animus that had motivated the January 27 order. The plaintiffs also moved for a temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction, and moved to expedite discovery "so that the Court may have the benefit of additional evidence bearing on the central question of the March 6 Order's discriminatory intent."
On March 11, 2017, the plaintiffs filed an amended motion for a temporary restraining order. The government responded two days later, arguing that no emergency existed. The government also filed a brief in opposition to the plaintiffs' motion for expedited discovery. On March 13, 2017, the plaintiffs filed a response in support of the temporary restraining order motion. They argued that they had standing because the revised EO directly harmed organizations that serve refugees. The EO, plaintiffs argued, had forced the plaintiff organizations to divert substantial resources away from their core missions of providing free legal services to refugees as well as scale back the number of new clients they could take on. Additionally, they argued that they met the requirements for asserting third-party legal standing on behalf of the thousands of refugee clients they were currently serving.
On March 15, the court granted a nationwide preliminary injunction against the travel ban portion of the second EO. 241 F. Supp. 3d 539.
The government appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and moved for an expedited hearing, citing national security concerns; the court agreed to an expedited schedule. The government also filed a motion for a stay pending the appeal. All parties agreed that an initial en banc hearing was appropriate (a hearing before the entire court, rather than the typical three-judge panel).
The district court denied without prejudice the plaintiffs' outstanding motions for relief, due to the pending appeal and the nationwide injunction that had been issued in Hawaii v. Trump.
The Fourth Circuit, sitting en banc, heard oral arguments on May 8, 2017. On May 25, it upheld the district court's preliminary injunction (however, it held that President Trump could not be personally enjoined). 857 F.3d 554. (The court of appeals noted that presidential action remained unreviewable in lawsuits against the officers assigned to enforce the President's directives: "Even though the President is not 'directly bound' by the injunction, we 'assume it is substantially likely that the President . . . would abide by an authoritative interpretation' of Section 2(c) of the Second Executive Order.")
On June 1, 2017, the government sought Supreme Court review with expedited briefing so that the case could be argued in October. It also sought a stay of the preliminary injunction, pending adjudication by the Supreme Court. On June 26, the Supreme Court agreed to hear this case and Hawaii v. Trump.
Like the Fourth Circuit, the Supreme Court declined to stay the preliminary injunction; however, it did reverse the injunction's application to "foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States." For example, foreign nationals who did not have a close family tie or a formal, documented relationship with an entity (such as a school or employer), were subject to §2(c). Justices Thomas, Alito, and Gorsuch dissented, writing that the preliminary injunction should be held invalid in its entirety. 137 S.Ct. 2080
On July 27, the district court denied the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction against Section 5 of the order (the refugee admission cap).
The Supreme Court scheduled oral arguments for October 10, 2017, but the second Executive Order was set to expire before that date. On September 24—the same day the ninety-day ban of the second Executive Order was set to expire—the President issued a proclamation indefinitely restricting travel from Chad, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Somalia, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen. The Supreme Court canceled the October 10 hearing and asked the parties to file new briefs in light of the government's new order.
On October 4, the government filed a brief arguing that the case was moot because the March 6 order had expired. The plaintiffs' reply argued that the case was not moot despite the new proclamation (referred to as EO-3). Instead, plaintiffs argued, the religious discrimination that was apparent in the earlier orders was present in EO-3, which continued to discriminate against Muslims. They asked the Supreme Court to again schedule oral arguments. They also filed a third amended complaint, and a new motion for a preliminary injunction, in the district court.
Despite the plaintiffs' insistence that the case was not moot, the Supreme Court vacated the Fourth Circuit's May 25 ruling on October 11, 2017. 138 S. Ct. 353. Given the lapse of the travel ban, the Supreme Court found that the case no longer presented a "live case in controversy." As such, it remanded the case to the Fourth Circuit with instructions to dismiss the challenge as moot.
On October 17, 2017, the district court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs on their third amended complaint and granted a nationwide preliminary injunction against parts of EO-3. Specifically, the injunction prohibited the government from enforcing EO-3 Section 2, which suspended the entry of nationals from eight specified countries. However, the injunction only applied to individuals who had a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States. The government appealed to the Fourth Circuit on October 20, sought an emergency stay of the new injunction, and moved to expedite the merits briefing, arguing that there was still a possibility that the Supreme Court could review the case during the current term. The plaintiffs, along with the plaintiffs from Iranian Alliances Across Border v. Trump and Zakzok v. Trump, cross-appealed on October 23. The Fourth Circuit on November 6 granted initial hearing en banc.
Meanwhile, in Hawaii v. Trump, the government asked the Supreme Court for a stay of the injunction. The Court granted that stay in a 7-2 decision on December 4, 2017. That order lifted all of the injunctions that the lower courts had put on EO-3, pending appellate litigation. Also on December 4, the plaintiffs, in this case, moved to have the Fourth Circuit take note of a series of videos that President Trump tweeted in early December. The videos were first posted by a far-right British party that expressly opposed Islam. The plaintiffs argued that they proved the President held an animus against Muslims. See here for more details on the videos.
On February 15, the Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's preliminary injunction against EO-3. In its nearly 300-page opinion (including concurrences and dissents), the court found that the plaintiffs had standing and that they were likely to succeed on the merits of at least some of their claims including those based in the Establishment Clause. In particular, the court found that plaintiffs offered "undisputed evidence" that EO-3 was driven by anti-Muslim bias. That undisputed evidence included "President Trump's disparaging comments and tweets regarding Muslims; [and] his repeated proposals to ban Muslims from entering the United States." The court went on to write that EO-3 "denies the possibility of a complete, intact family to tens of thousands of Americans…and second-guesses our nation's dedication to religious freedom and tolerance." Although the court found primarily in favor of the plaintiffs, it also found that the district court did not abuse its discretion by limiting the injunction to individuals with a bona fide relationship to a person or entity in the United States. Several judges dissented on the grounds that plaintiffs did not have standing.
On February 23, following the Fourth Circuit's decision, the plaintiffs appealed to the Supreme Court, seeking to have the case heard consolidated with Hawaii v. Trump. They argued that the preliminary injunction should not have been limited to individuals with a bona fide relationship with the United States, and asserted that granting review would "ensure that the Court has before it the best vehicle for resolving the [underlying] Establishment Clause question."
On April 24, 2018, the district court granted the government's motion to stay this case, Iranian Alliances Across Borders v. Trump, and Zakzok v. Trump, pending the Supreme Court's resolution of Hawaii v. Trump.
On June 26, 2018, the Supreme Court in Hawaii v. Trump reversed the Ninth Circuit's injunction against EO-3. Writing for the majority, Chief Justice Roberts endorsed a broad view of presidential power, holding that under the Immigration and Naturalization Act, the President has "broad discretion to suspend the entry of aliens into the United States," and that here the President "lawfully exercised that discretion." The majority dismissed the plaintiffs' claims that the President must explain his findings, calling that argument "questionable" and writing that "the 12-page Proclamation—which thoroughly describes the process, agency evaluations, and recommendations underlying the President's chosen restrictions—is more detailed than any prior order a President has issued under §1182(f)." As for the plaintiffs' Establishment Clause argument, the Court first noted that EO-3's facially neutral policy towards religion forced the Court to take the extra step of probing "the sincerity of the stated justifications for the policy by reference to extrinsic statements—many of which were made before the President took the oath of office." Applying a rational basis test, the Court found that "the Proclamation is expressly premised on legitimate purposes: preventing entry of nationals who cannot be adequately vetted and inducing other nations to improve their practices. The text says nothing about religion." Notably, however, the Court did use the opinion to officially repudiate Korematsu v. United States, writing that the decision "was gravely wrong the day it was decided."
On October 2, 2018, the Fourth Circuit remanded this case back to the district court for disposition in light of the Supreme Court's ruling. The following day, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their Immigration and Nationality Act claims (foreclosed by Hawaii v. Trump), as well as claims under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and the Refugee Act. They then filed an amended complaint that included constitutional claims and statutory claims under the Administrative Procedure Act. The government filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim on February 12, 2019.
On May 2, 2019, the district court dismissed the plaintiffs' Administrative Procedure Act claims but denied the motion to dismiss as to the plaintiffs' First and Fifth Amendment claims. The court reasoned that Hawaii v. Trump did not establish that EO-3 had a rational basis, and found that the plaintiffs' allegations sufficed at the motion to dismiss stage to show that EO-3 was motivated "only by an illegitimate hostility to Muslims." 373 F. Supp. 3d 650.
On June 20, 2019, the government moved to appeal the denial of its motion to dismiss the constitutional claims and to stay discovery. On August 20, 2019, the district court issued an opinion granting the motion for interlocutory appeal and denying the motion to stay discovery. 404 F. Supp. 3d 946.
Oral arguments were held before the Fourth Circuit on January 28, 2020. On June 8, 2020, the court of appeals issued an order reversing the district court's denial of the motion to dismiss and remanding the case to the district court with instructions to dismiss the plaintiffs' complaints with prejudice. Stating that "the district court misunderstood the import of the Supreme Court's decision in Hawaii v. Trump and the legal principles it applied," the court held that the plaintiffs' constitutional claims, in this case, lacked the plausibility necessary to survive the government's motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6). 961 F.3d 635.
The court of appeals denied a motion by the plaintiffs for an en banc rehearing of the motion to dismiss on August 21, 2020. Ten days later on August 31, the district court dismissed the case with prejudice.
Jamie Kessler - 06/20/2018
Ava Morgenstern - 02/15/2017
Nora Baty - 10/09/2019
Bogyung Lim - 07/22/2020
Esteban Woo Kee - 07/10/2021
Establishment Clause
Preliminary relief granted
Defendant-type
Jurisdiction-wide
Law-enforcement
Religion discrimination
Disparate Impact
Disparate Treatment
Terrorism/Post 9-11 issues
Immigration/Border
Admission - criteria
Admission - procedure
Visas - criteria
Visas - procedures
National Origin/Ethnicity
Arab/Afgani/Middle Eastern
Non-profit NON-religious organization
Causes of Action Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.
Ex Parte Young (Federal) or Bivens
Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101 et seq.
Religious Freedom Rest. Act/Religious Land Use and Inst. Persons Act (RFRA/RLUIPA)
Defendant(s) President Donald Trump
United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Plaintiff Description The organizational plaintiffs were refugee advocacy and resettlement organizations. The plaintiffs sought to certify a class of all "persons in the United States for whom the Executive Order either interferes with family reunification or the ability to travel internationally and return to the United States."
Indexed Lawyer Organizations ACLU Affiliates (any)
Class action status outcome Mooted before ruling
Prevailing Party Mixed
Nature of Relief Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order
Order Duration 2017 - 2017
Case Listing IM-MD-0005 : Iranian Alliances Across Borders v. Trump (D. Md.)
IM-MD-0007 : Zakzok v. Trump (D. Md.)
IM-MI-0004 : Arab American Civil Rights League (ACRL) v. Trump (E.D. Mich.)
IM-HI-0004 : State of Hawaii v. Trump (D. Haw.)
IM-WA-0029 : States of Washington & Minnesota v. Trump (W.D. Wash.)
Trump Shares Inflammatory Anti-Muslim Videos, and Britain's Leader Condemns Them
By: Peter Baker and Eileen Sullivan (N.Y. Times)
[ Detail ] [ External Link ]
Presidential Executive Order on Resuming the United States Refugee Admissions Program with Enhanced Vetting Capabilities
By: United States
INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE ASSISTANCE PROJECT V. TRUMP
By: ACLU
Presidential Proclamation Enhancing Vetting Capabilities and Processes for Detecting Attempted Entry Into the United States by Terrorists or Other Public-Safety Threats
Date: Sep. 24, 2017
By: President Donald Trump (Office of the President)
Presidential Memorandum for the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of National Intelligence
Date: Jun. 14, 2017
By: Donald Trump (White House)
[ Detail ] [ PDF ] [ External Link ]
International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump, Fourth Circuit - Oral Argument Audio File - May 8, 2017
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
By: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
Executive Order Protecting The Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into The United States
Date: Mar. 6, 2017
By: President Donald Trump (President of the United States)
Memorandum to the Acting Secretary of State, the Acting Attorney General, and the Secretary of Homeland Security
Date: Feb. 1, 2017
By: Donald F. McGahn II, Counsel to the President (The White House)
Executive Order: Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States
Date: Jan. 27, 2017
09/06/2017 16-1436
IM-MD-0004-9002.pdf | Detail
Source: Supreme Court website
D. Md.
08/31/2020 8:17-cv-00361-TDC
Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief [ECF# 1]
Doe Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonyms & Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof [ECF# 5]
Plaintiffs' Motion for Expedited Discovery and Supporting Memorandum of Law [ECF# 63]
Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction of the Executive Order and Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof [ECF# 64]
Memorandum Order [ECF# 66] (2017 WL 818255)
IM-MD-0004-0010.pdf | WESTLAW | Detail
Brief for Amicus Curiae Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clinical Program in Support of Plaintiffs (with motion for leave to file) [ECF# 68]
Amicus Curiae Brief of Anti-Defamation League and Jewish Council for Public Affairs (and motion for leave to file) [ECF# 72]
Brief of Interfaith Group of Religious and Interreligious Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioners (and motion for leave to file) [ECF# 77]
Notice of Filing of Executive Order [ECF# 79]
Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Expedited Discovery [ECF# 81]
Defendants' Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction of the Executive Order [ECF# 82]
Plaintiff Jane Doe #2's Motion for Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonym and Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof [ECF# 90]
Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining Order of the Executive Order & Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof [ECF# 91]
Plaintiffs' Renewed Motion for Expedited Discovery [ECF# 92]
First Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief [ECF# 93]
Plaintiffs' Reply in Support of Motion for a Preliminary Injunction of the Reduction in Refugee Admissions for FY17 [ECF# 98]
Interfaith Coalition Supporting the Plaintiffs' Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order Based on the Language of the Executive Order and the Report of the State Department (and motion for leave to file amicus brief) [ECF# 99]
Defendants' Response to Plaintiff Jane Doe #2's Motion for Leave to Proceed Under Pseudonym [ECF# 113]
Brief of the Roderick and Solange Macarthur Justice Center as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order (and motion for leave to file) [ECF# 116]
Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiffs' Renewed Motion for Expedited Discovery [ECF# 117]
History Professors and Scholars' Amici Curiae Brief in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order (and motion for leave to file) [ECF# 118]
Defendants' Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining Order of the Executive Order [ECF# 122]
Brief of Former National Security Officials as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs [ECF# 123]
Motion for Leave to Add the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA to Amici Curiae Interfaith Coalition's Brief in Support of Plaintiffs' Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order [ECF# 125]
Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining Order of the Executive Order & Memorandum of Law in Support Thereof [ECF# 130]
Amicus Curiae Brief of the Immigration Reform Law Institute in Support of Defendants and in Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for a Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining Order (and motion for leave to file) [ECF# 132]
Transcript of proceedings, hearing for Temporary Restraining Order (March 15, 2017)
Source: Plaintiffs' counsel
Memorandum Opinion [granting preliminary injunction against March 6 Executive Order] [ECF# 149] (241 F.Supp.3d 539)
IM-MD-0004-0032.pdf | WESTLAW| LEXIS | External Link | Detail
Order [granting nationwide preliminary injunction of Section 2 of the Executive Order] [ECF# 150] (241 F.Supp.3d 539)
IM-MD-0004-0034.pdf | WESTLAW| LEXIS | Detail
Notice of Appeal [ECF# 160]
Memorandum Order [ECF# 163]
Open of Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 164]
Re: International Refugee Assistance Project v. Trump, No. 8:17-cv-00361-TDC [ECF# 168]
Corrected Motion to Expedite Appeal and Set Briefing Deadlines [Ct. of App. ECF# 14]
Plaintiffs-Appellees' Response to Motion to Expedite Appeal and Set Briefing Deadlines [Ct. of App. ECF# 22]
Reply in Support of Motion to Expedite Appeal and Set Briefing Deadlines [Ct. of App. ECF# 23]
Accelerated Briefing Order - Civil [Ct. of App. ECF# 26]
Status Report [ECF# 176]
Motion of Defendants-Appellants for a Stay Pending Expedited Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 35]
Brief for Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# 36]
Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to File Motion for Preliminary Injunction on Constitutional Grounds [ECF# 177]
Brief for the States of Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, and West Virginia, and Governor Phil Bryant of the State of Mississippi as Amici Curiae [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 37-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae Interfaith Coalition in Support of Appellees, Affirmance, and Opposing Motion for a Stay Pending Expedited Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 47]
Defendants-Appellants' Response to the Court's Order Regarding Initial En Banc Review [Ct. of App. ECF# 48]
Plaintiffs-Appellees' Response to Order Regarding Initial En Banc Review [Ct. of App. ECF# 50]
Re: International Refugee Assistance Project, et al. v. Trump, Case No. 8:17-cv-00361-TDC [ECF# 179]
Brief of Amici Curiae Colleges and Universities in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 52-1]
Brief of Amicus Curiae, the American Center for Law and Justice, Supporting Defendants-Appellants' Position on Appeal and Urging That the Preliminary Injunction Be Vacated. [Ct. of App. ECF# 54]
Brief of Amicus Curiae T.A., A U.S. Resident of Yemeni Descent, in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay Pending Expedited Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 56]
Brief Amicus Curiae of Virginia, Maryland, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and the District of Columbia [...[ [Ct. of App. ECF# 58-1]
Brief of Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and Other Major Cities and Counties as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellees' Opposition to Motion of Defendants-Appellants for a Stay Pending Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 61-1]
Brief for Southeastern Legal Foundation, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Appellants and Reversal [Ct. of App. ECF# 63-1]
Brief of Former National Security Officials as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellees and Against a Stay Pending Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 65]
Brief for the American Civil Rights Union as Amicus Curiae in Support of Appellants and Reversal [Ct. of App. ECF# 66]
Amicus Curiae Brief of the Immigration Reform Law Institute in Support of Defendants-Appellants and Reversal (and motion for leave to file) [Ct. of App. ECF# 67-1]
Brief of Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Bend the Arc, and the Southern Poverty Law Center as Amici Curiae Supporting Appellees and Denial of a Stay [Ct. of App. ECF# 69-1]
Brief in Support of Appellees by Amici Curiae the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee to Deny the Appellants Motion to Stay Pending Expedited Trial [Ct. of App. ECF# 72-1]
Brief Amicus Curiae of U.S. Justice Foundation, Citizens United, Citizens United Foundation, English First Foundation, English First, Public Advocate of the United States, Gun Owners Foundation, Gun Owners of America [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 73-1]
Brief of Plaintiffs-Appellees in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay Pending Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 74]
Defendants' Memorandum in Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Leave to File Motion for Preliminary Injunction of § 6 on Constitutional Grounds [ECF# 180]
Brief of Amicus Curiae New York University in Support of Appellees, in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay and on the Merits [Ct. of App. ECF# 82]
Reply of Defendants-Appellants in Support of Motion for a Stay Pending Expedited Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 103]
Plaintiffs' Reply Memorandum in Support of Their Motion for Leave to File Motion for Preliminary Injunction on Constitutional Grounds [ECF# 181]
Memorandum Order [denying Plaintiff's Motion for Leave to File Motion for Preliminary Injunction] [ECF# 182] (2017 WL 1315538)
Corrected Brief of Amicus Curiae T.A., A U.S. Resident of Yemeni Descent, in Support of Appellees, Affirmance of the Preliminary Injunction, and Denial of the Government's Motion for Stay [Ct. of App. ECF# 114]
Addendum of Supplemental Materials Cited in Corrected Brief of Amicus Curiae T.A., A U.S. Resident of Yemeni Descent, in Support of Appellees, Affirmance of the Preliminary Injunction, and Denial of the Government's Motion to Stay [Ct. of App. ECF# 116]
Corrected Brief of Former National Security Officials as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellees and Against a Stay Pending Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 126]
Brief for Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 132]
Order [Ct. of App. ECF# 143]
Amicus Curiae Brief of International Law Scholars and Nongovernmental Organizations in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees' Response Brief [Ct. of App. ECF# 138]
Brief Amicus Curiae of Dr. Ismail Elshikh in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 146]
Brief of the Anti-Defamation League, Jewish Council for Public Affairs, Union for Reform Judaism, Central Conference for American Rabbis, and Women of Reform Judaism as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 147]
Brief of Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and Other Major Cities and Counties as Amici Curiae in Support of Affirmance and in Opposition to Motion of Defendants-Appellants for a Stay Pending Appeal [Ct. of App. ECF# 148]
Brief for Amicus Curiae American Bar Association in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 149]
Brief of Amici Curiae, Muslim Justice League, Muslim Public Affairs Council, Islamic Circle of North America, etc. in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 152]
Brief Amicus Curiae of Virginia, Maryland, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, and Other States in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 153]
History Professors and Scholars' Amici Curiae Brief in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 154]
Brief of Amici Curiae National Immigrant Justice Center, ASISTA, Americans for Immigrant Justice, Futures Without Violence, and Other Organizations in Support of Affirmance and Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 155]
Brief of 165 Members of Congress as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 156]
Brief of Amici Curiae Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law; Center for Reproductive Rights; Southern Coalition for Social Justice; National Center for Lesbian Rights; Judge David L. Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 162]
Brief of Technology Companies as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 163]
Amici Brief of the Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Jay Hirabayashi, Holly Yasui, Karen Korematsu, Civil Rights Organizations, and National Bar Associations of Color in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 164]
Brief for the Foundation for the Children of Iran and Iranian Alliances Across Borders as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 165-1]
Brief for the Foundation for the Children of Iran and Iranian Alliances Across Borders as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 165]
Corrected Brief Amici Curiae of Service Employees International Union, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, and American Federation of Teachers Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 167-1]
Corrected Brief Amici Curiae of Service Employees International Union, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, and American Federation of Teachers Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 167]
Brief of Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellee's Response Brief [Ct. of App. ECF# 168]
Brief of Former Federal Immigration and Homeland Security Officials as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance, and in Opposition to Defendants-Appellants' Motion to Stay [Ct. of App. ECF# 171-1]
Brief of Former Federal Immigration and Homeland Security Officials as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance, and in Opposition to Defendants-Appellants' Motion to Stay [Ct. of App. ECF# 171]
Brief of Episcopal Bishops as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees and Affirmance, in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay and on the Merits [Ct. of App. ECF# 172]
Brief of Constitutional Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 173-1]
Brief of Constitutional Law Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 173]
Brief of Amici Curiae Medical Institutions, Advocacy Organizations, and Individual Physicians in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 175]
Brief of Amici Curiae Tahirih Justice Center, the Asian Pacific Institute on Gender-Based Violence, Casa De Esperanza, and the National Domestic Violence Hotline in Support of Appellants and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 176-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae of Tahirih Justice Center, the Asian pacific Institute on Gender-Based Violence, Casa de Esperanza, and the National Domestic Violence Hotline in Support of Appellants and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 176]
Brief of Interfaith Group of Religious and Interreligious Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 177-1]
Brief of Interfaith Group of Religious and Interrreligious Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 177]
Brief of OxFam America, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 178-1]
Brief of Oxfam America, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 178]
Brief of Riverside Church in the City of New York; Americans United for Separation of Church and State; Bend the Arc: a Jewish Partnership for Justice; and the Southern Poverty Law Center as Amici Curiae Supporting Appellee [Ct. of App. ECF# 179]
Brief of Amici Curiae Constitutional Law Professors in Support Of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 180-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae Constitutional Law Professors in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 180]
Brief of the American Jewish Committee as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Urging Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 182-1]
Brief of the American Jewish Committee as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Urging Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 182]
Brief of Amici Curiae Immigration Law Scholars and Clinicians on Statutory Claims in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 183-1]
Brief of Amicus Curiae Cato Institute in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 185-1]
Brief of Amicus Curiae Cato Institute in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 185]
Brief of Muslim Rights, Professional and Public Health Organizations as Amici Curiae, In Support of Appellees, and in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay and on the Merits [Ct. of App. ECF# 187-1]
Brief of Muslim Rights, Professional and Public Health Organizations as Amici Curiae, in Support of Appellees, and in Opposition to Appellants' Motion for a Stay and on the Merits [Ct. of App. ECF# 187]
Amicus-Curiae Brief of the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association in Support of Plaintiffs and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 188-1]
Amicus Curiae Brief of the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association in Support of Plaintiffs and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 188]
Brief of Amici Curiae the Association of Art Museum Directors, the American Alliance of Museums, the College Art Association, and 94 Art Museums in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees, in Opposition [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 189-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae of the Association of Art Museum Directors, the American Alliance of Museums, the College Art Associations, and 94 Art Museums in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees, in Opposition to Defendants-Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# 189]
Brief for Amicus Curiae American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 190-1]
Brief for Amicus Curiae American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 190]
Brief of Amici Curiae Advocates for Human Rights, Asian Law Alliance, Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon, Casa, Community Refugee & Immigration Services, Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota, Immigrant Rights Clinic of Washington Square [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 191-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae Advocates for Human Rights, Asian Law Alliance, Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon, CASA, Community Refugee & Immigration Service, and Other Organizations, in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and in Support of Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 191]
Brief of Amici Curiae Airport Attorneys Coalition in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 193-1]
Brief of Amici Curiae Airport Attorneys Coalition in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 193]
Brief in Support of Appellees by Amici Curiae the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee to Deny the Appellants Motion to Stay Pending Expedited Trial and in Support of Affirmance of the Decision by the U.S. District Court for [...] [Ct. of App. ECF# 196-1]
Brief in Support of Appellees by Amici Curiae the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee to Deny the Appellants' Motion to Stay Pending Expedited Trial and in Support of Affirmance of the Decision by the U.S. District Court for Maryland [Ct. of App. ECF# 196]
Brief of Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Plaintiff-Appellee's Response Brief [Ct. of App. ECF# 197]
Brief of Amici Curiae Immigration Law Scholars and Clinicians on Statutory Claims in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 217]
Brief of Members of the Clergy; the Riverside Church in the City of New York; Americans United for Separation of Church and State; Bend the Arc: a Jewish Partnership for Justice; and the Southern Poverty Law Center as Amici Curiae Supporting Appellee [Ct. of App. ECF# 234]
Reply Brief for Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# 260]
John Doe #8 Motion for Leave to Intervene on Behalf of Plaintiffs-Appellees and File a Separate Brief; Brief of John Doe #8 in Support of Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 254]
Corrected Amicus Curiae in Support of the Appellees International Refugee Assistance Project [Ct. of App. ECF# 262]
Defendants' Opposition to Joe Doe #8's Motion to Intervene [Ct. of App. ECF# 278]
Defendants' Opposition to John Doe #8's Motion to Intervene [Ct. of App. ECF# 280]
Defendants-Appellants' Response to Plaintiffs-Appellees' Motion for Leave to Supplement the Record [Ct. of App. ECF# 289]
En Banc Opinion [Ct. of App. ECF# 295] (857 F.3d 554)
Application for Stay Pending Disposition of a Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and For Expedited Briefing and Consideration
Order in Pending Case (137 S.Ct. 2210)
IM-MD-0004-0174.pdf | WESTLAW | External Link | Detail
IM-MD-0004-0175.pdf | External Link | Detail
Motion for Leave to File and Brief for the States of Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, and West Virginia, and MS Governor Phil Bryant
Reply Brief for the Petitioners
Reply in Support of Application for Stay Pending Disposition of a Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit and for Expedited Briefing and Consideration
Amended Opinion [Ct. of App. ECF# 302] (857 F.3d 554)
Supplemental Brief
On Application for Stay and Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (137 S.Ct. 2080)
Order [ECF# 195]
Application of Petitioners For Leave to File Consolidated Merits and Consolidated Reply Brief In Excess of Word Limits [ECF# BL-50]
Brief for the Petitioners
Brief For the Petitioners [ECF# BL-55]
Amicus Curiae Brief of Professor Victor Williams In Support of Petitioners and Urging Reversal [ECF# BL-57]
Motion For Leave to File and Brief Amicus Curiae of the Foundational For Moral Law In Support of Petitioners [ECF# BL-61]
Brief Amicus Curiae of Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund In Support of Petitioners [ECF# BL-63]
Brief Amicus Curiae By the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) In Support of Petitioners Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, et al. [ECF# BL-66]
Brief For the American Civil Rights Union As Amicus Curiae In Support of Petitioners [ECF# BL-65]
Brief of Respondents
Source: ACLU
Brief of Freedom from Religion Foundation as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Civil Rights Organizations in Support of Respondents
Brief of American Jewish Committee as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents Committee as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents and Affirmance
Brief of Episcopal Bishops as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of International Labor Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief for Scholars of Federal Jurisdiction as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief for the States of New York, Illinois, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia...] as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Professors of Federal Courts Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law in Support of Respondents
Brief for the Foundation for the Children of Iran and Iranian Alliances Across Borders as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Pars Equality Center, Iranian American Bar Association, National Iranian American Council, and Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, Inc. in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Tahirth Justice Center, The Asian Pacific Institute of Gender-Based Violence, Casa de Esperanza, and the National Domestic Violence Hotline in Support of Respondents
Brief Amici Curiae of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Catholic Charities USA, and Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc. in Support of Respondents
Brief of the Port of Seattle as Amicus Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief of Members of Congress as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Colleges and Universities in Support of Respondents
Brief of the Members of the Clergy; Americans United for Separation of Church and State: Bend the Arc: A Jewish Partnership for Justice, Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc.; People for the American Way Foundation; The Riverside Church...)
Brief for American-Arab Anti-discrimination Committee as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Immigration, Family, and Constitutional Law Professors in Support of Respondents
Brief of American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of 161 Technology Companies as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Karen Korematsu, Jay Hirabayashi, Holly Yasui, The Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality, Civil Rights Organizations, and National Bar Associations of Color as Amici Curiae in Support of Resondents
Brief of Amici Curiae the Association of Art Museum Directors, the American Alliance of Museums, the Association of Academic Museums and Galleries, the College Art Association, and 101 Art Museums in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Pen American Center and Other Organizations in Support of Respondents
Brief of Social Science Scholars as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amicus Curiae American Council on Education and 29 other Higher Education Associations
Brief of Amici Curiae Muslim Justice League, Muslim Public Affairs Council, and Council on American-Islamic Relations, California Supporting Respondents and Affirmance
Brief of Human Rights First, No One Left Behind, and Vietnam Veterans of America, as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Immigration Equality, the New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project, the National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance, and the LGBT Bar Association of Los Angeles as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Former National Security Officials in Support of Respondents
Brief of NAACP Legal Defense & Educational Fund, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents International Refugee Assistance Project
Brief Amicus Curiae of the American Bar Association in Support of Respondents and Affirmance
Brief of Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council, Inc. as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents in Affirmance of the Decisions Below
Brief for the Association of American Medical Colleges and Others as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Certain Immigrant Rights Organizations in Support of Respondents
Brief of Amici Curiae Executive Branch Officials in Support of Respondents
Brief of Refugee Organizations as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents
Brief for Interfaith Group of Religious and Interreligious Organizations as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief for Amicus Curiae Syrian Asylee Ahmad M. in Support of Respondents
Brief Amicus Curiae of The National Education Association, in Support of Respondents
Brief of Immigration Law Scholars as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief for The National Asian Pacific American Bar Association and Others as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondents
Brief of New York University as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents
Advocates for Human Rights, Asian Law Alliance, Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon, CASA, Community Refugee & Immigration Services, Immigrant Law Center Minnesota, Integration Refugee and Immigrant Services, The Southeast Asia Resource Actio...
Petitioners' Response in Opposition to Respondents' Motion for Leave to Add Parties
Re: Trump v. IRAP and Trump v. Hawaii
Re: Donald J. Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project, No. 16-1436 and Donald J. Trump v. State of Hawaii, No. 16-1540
Re: Donald J. Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project (No. 16-1436), Letter Brief of Respondents
Re: Trump v. IRAP, Trump v. Hawaii
Second Amended Complaint For Declaratory and Injunctive Relief [ECF# 203]
Plaintiffs' Motion For a Preliminary Injunction [ECF# 205]
[Opinion of the Court] (138 S.Ct. 353)
Defendants' Combined Memorandum In Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motions For Preliminary Injunctions [ECF# 212]
Reply In Support of Plaintiffs' Motion For a Preliminary Injunction [ECF# 216]
Memorandum Opinion [ECF# 219] (265 F.Supp.3d 570)
Notice of Cross-Appeal [ECF# 229]
Iaab and Zakzok Plaintiffs-Appellees' Opposition to Motion for and Emergency Stay Pending Expedited Appeal and Administrative Stay
IRAP Plaintiffs-CrossAppellants' Opposition to Motion for an Emergency Stay Pending Appeal
Reply of Defendants-Appellants in Support of Motion for an Emergency Stay Pending Expedited Appeal and Administrative Stay
First Cross-Appeal Brief for Appellants
Brief of Amicus Curiae, The American Center for Law and Justice, Supporting Defendants-Appellants on the Merits and Urging Reversal. Brief Filed with the Consent of the Parties. [Ct. of App. ECF# 55-1]
Brief for the States of Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and West Virginia Amici Curiae in Support of Defendants-Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# 64-1]
First Cross-Appeal Brief for Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-74]
Brief of Amicus Curiae the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-72]
Brief of Amicus Curiae the Roderick and Solange MacArthur Justice Center In Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# 87-1]
Brief for Amici Curiae States of New York, et al. in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-76]
Brief for Amici Curiae States of New York, et al. In Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# 75-1]
Amici Curiae Brief by Civil Rights Organizations In Support of Appellees for Affirmance of Preliminary Injunction [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-77]
Brief for Amicus Curiae the Cato Institute in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-79]
Brief of Amici Curiae Muslim Justice League, et al. in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-80]
Brief of International Labor Organizations As Amici Curiae In Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-81]
Amicus Curiae Brief of Immigration Equality, et al. In Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-82]
Amici Brief of Karen Korematsu, et al. In Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-84]
Unopposed Motion for Leave to File Amici Curiae Brief by Civil Rights Organizations in Support of Appellees for Affirmance of Preliminary Injunction [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-77]
Brief of Amici Curiae Immigration Law Professors on Statutory Claims in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-85]
Brief of Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, and Other Cities and Counties, Joined by the U.S. Conference of Mayors as Amici Curiae Supporting Plaintiffs [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-86]
Brief of International Law Scholars and Nongovernmental Organizations as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-87]
Brief of Amicus Curiae International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-88]
Brief for Amici Curiae Scholars of Immigration Law in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-89]
Brief for Members of Congress as Amici Curiae in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees and Affirmance [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-90]
Motion by Professors of Federal Courts Jurisprudence, Constitutional Law, and Immigration Law for Leave to File Amici Curiae Brief in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-92]
Brief of Amici Curiae Colleges and Universities in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellees/Cross-Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-94]
Brief of Interfaith Group of Religious and Interreligious Organizations and Clergy Members as Amici Curiae Supporting Plaintiffs-Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-95]
Brief of Technology Companies as Amici Curiae in Support of Appellees in 17-2231 (L), 17-2232, 17-2233 and Appellants in 17-2240 [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-96]
Third Cross-Appeal Brief for Appellants [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-127]
Reply Cross-Appeal Brief for IRAP Appellees [Ct. of App. ECF# BL-140]
Memorandum for The Respondents
Opinion [Ct. of App. ECF# 165] (883 F.3d 233)
Court Order on Presidential Proclamation [Ct. of App. ECF# 166]
Opinion [Ct. of App. ECF# 89] (961 F.3d 635)
Judges Agee, G. Steven (Fourth Circuit) show/hide docs
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Wofsy, Cody H. (California) show/hide docs
Wolson, Max (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Bond, Jonathan C. (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
Byron, H. Thomas III (New York) show/hide docs
Francisco, Noel (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
Garg, Arjun (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Hunt, Joseph H. (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
Hur, Robert K. (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Letter, Douglas (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Ricketts, Jennifer (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Swingle, Sharon (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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Tyler, John Russell (District of Columbia) show/hide docs
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text:
Шемсі Аріф Ахметі (; 6 серпня 1969, с. Засела (Кодер), община Косовська Митровиця — 26 квітня 1999) — югославський та косовський військовик, учасник Косовської війни, Герой Косова.

Біографічні відомості
Народився у селі Засела в багатодітній родині, будучи шостою дитиною в батьків Аріфа та Хайріє Ахметі. Початкову шкільну освіту отримав у школі рідного села та в селі Шупковац. У Белграді записався до військової гімназії, яку закінчив у 1982 році в Сараєво. Потім закічив Вищу артилерійську академію в Задарі.

У 1990-х роках командував артилерійською ротою у Вршаці. Був відправлений на сербо-хорватську війну, де здобув значний бойовий досвід. Проте, зрозумівши, що війна на території колишньої Югославії призведе до вбивства багатьох колишніх співвітчизників, у 1992 році покинув фронт та поверувся до Косова.

З початком Косовської війни Шемсі Ахметі мобілізований 22 червня 1998 року до лав Визвольної армії Косова. Він мав особисту зброю, гранати та інше військове спорядження. Після падіння заступника командира з логістики оперативної зони «Шала» Джевата Юсуфі та поранення командира Зюмера Халімі 3 січня 1999 року командування бригади вирішило призачити Шемсі Ахметі командиром спеціального підрозділу ZOSH, яким він командував до своєї загибелі 26 квітня 1999 року в битві при Майдані.

Президент Косова Атіфете Ях'яґа посмертно відзначила Шемсі Ахметі державою нагородою Героя Косова.

Вшанування пам'яті

 В албанській частині Косовської Митровиці встановлено пам'ятник Шемсі Ахметі на вулиці, що названа його іменем.
 Початкова школа у селі Шупковац носить ім'я Шемсі Ахметі.

Джерела
 Shemsi Arif Ahmeti (8.6.1969 – 26.4.1999)

Примітки

Косовські албанці
Померли в Косові (Балкани)
Люди, на честь яких названі вулиці
Герої Косова

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Almost every dog lover in the world has some kind of story of a lost pet, which is why a dog microchip is an important topic to keep in mind. A pet microchip is one of the most valuable pieces of equipment that you can use to protect your family pet and when you microchip a dog, you discover how much protection this provides.
A pet microchip is designed to allow veterinarians to quickly and easily determine the true identity of any microchip dog. Around the holidays, many loving pets are stolen and given, or sold to others as gifts.
An AVID (American Veterinary Microchip Device) dog microchip will ensure that if your best friend is lost or stolen, the moment he or she is brought to a veterinarian, the pet microchip will signal that you are the actual last registered owner of the dog and this will prompt an investigation before the dog is released back to the person who brought it in.
Is A Pet Microchip Safe?
When it comes to technology, an AVID microchip is one of the most sophisticated in the world. The pet microchip, which is very small, is inserted just under the dog's skin, generally along the back of the neck.
When you microchip your Chihuahua, the process is completely safe and the chip is passive, which means that it will not harm your pet. Many people incorrectly assume that a pet microchip emits harmful radiation, but being passive means that the detection equipment that the veterinarian would use is the active aspect. This means that the detection device reads the pet microchip through a scanning process.
From there, the information is pulled up through a computer network and will give the professionals all the information they need about who the dog belongs to. So if your Chihuahua runs off, gets lost, or is stolen whilst having an Avid dog microchip in place, sooner or later your phone will ring and you'll taste the relief that comes with getting your best friend home, safe and sound.
Getting back to the initial idea for a pet microchip is that anything can happen in today's world. Even when your loving companion is secured on your property, either with a run or in a fenced-in yard, you can't plan for the unexpected.
Why Do You Need A Pet Microchip?
When you microchip a dog, you are ensuring that no matter what happens, eventually he will end up either at a pound, shelter, or at the veterinarians. When that happens, as long as the information you provide when you sign up with the AVID microchip is current and updated, you will be notified that your pet has been found safe and sound.
Even when you believe that nothing bad will ever happen to your dog, it's better to know that your best friend is protected and will be able to find his way home, thanks to the dog microchip you bought for him.
Finished reading our dog microchip page? Click here to return to the All About Chihuahuas Homepage.