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Matthew Boulton's filmography and actor connections
Matthew Boulton has starred in 75 movies. The 5 most recent movies Matthew Boulton was in are listed below.
Next is the list of 2023 actors/actresses that Matthew Boulton has worked with spread over 102 pages. The list is sorted by the people Matthew Boulton has worked most frequently with. When you find the person you are looking for, click on the link to view a list of movies they have worked in together.
If you decide instead to click on a movie with Matthew Boulton, it will display the top billed cast. If the cast members have starred together in other movies; beneath the cast member a list will display.
Matthew Boulton's Filmography
Loose in London
as Ames
Last Train from Bombay
as Col. Frederick Palmer
as Simpson - Nick's Butler
The Son of Dr. Jekyll
as Insp. Grey
Rogues of Sherwood Forest
as Abbot
Henry Victor and Matthew Boulton
Henry Victor and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Mystery Sea Raider in 1940. The most recent movie that Henry Victor and Matthew Boulton starred together was Above Suspicion in 1943
William Tannen and Matthew Boulton
William Tannen and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was The Story of Dr. Jenner in 1939. The most recent movie that William Tannen and Matthew Boulton starred together was Tarzan's New York Adventure in 1942
Clifford Severn and Matthew Boulton
Clifford Severn and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was A Christmas Carol in 1938. The most recent movie that Clifford Severn and Matthew Boulton starred together was Random Harvest in 1942
Gil Perkins and Matthew Boulton
Gil Perkins and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Journey for Margaret in 1942. The most recent movie that Gil Perkins and Matthew Boulton starred together was Barbary Pirate in 1949
Donald Stuart and Matthew Boulton
Donald Stuart and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Random Harvest in 1942. The most recent movie that Donald Stuart and Matthew Boulton starred together was Our Hearts Were Young and Gay in 1944
John Goldsworthy and Matthew Boulton
John Goldsworthy and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Unconquered in 1947. The most recent movie that John Goldsworthy and Matthew Boulton starred together was Rogues of Sherwood Forest in 1950
Guy Bellis and Matthew Boulton
Guy Bellis and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Adventure in Diamonds in 1940. The most recent movie that Guy Bellis and Matthew Boulton starred together was Kitty in 1945
Gerald Rogers and Matthew Boulton
Gerald Rogers and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Bulldog Drummond's Revenge in 1937. The most recent movie that Gerald Rogers and Matthew Boulton starred together was Adventure in Diamonds in 1940
Byron Foulger and Matthew Boulton
Byron Foulger and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Ministry of Fear in 1944. The most recent movie that Byron Foulger and Matthew Boulton starred together was Stallion Road in 1947
Jacques Lory and Matthew Boulton
Jacques Lory and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was The Firefly in 1937. The most recent movie that Jacques Lory and Matthew Boulton starred together was Of Human Bondage in 1946
Stuart Holmes and Matthew Boulton
Stuart Holmes and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Holy Matrimony in 1943. The most recent movie that Stuart Holmes and Matthew Boulton starred together was Incendiary Blonde in 1945
Al Murphy and Matthew Boulton
Al Murphy and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was None But the Lonely Heart in 1944. The most recent movie that Al Murphy and Matthew Boulton starred together was The Racket in 1951
Ray Teal and Matthew Boulton
Ray Teal and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was They Met in Bombay in 1941. The most recent movie that Ray Teal and Matthew Boulton starred together was Unconquered in 1947
Paul Porcasi and Matthew Boulton
Paul Porcasi and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Bulldog Drummond in Africa in 1938. The most recent movie that Paul Porcasi and Matthew Boulton starred together was Nothing But Trouble in 1944
Betty Fairfax and Matthew Boulton
Betty Fairfax and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Kitty in 1945. The most recent movie that Betty Fairfax and Matthew Boulton starred together was The Son of Dr. Jekyll in 1951
Roddy McDowall and Matthew Boulton
Roddy McDowall and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Son of Fury: The Story of Benjamin Blake in 1942. The most recent movie that Roddy McDowall and Matthew Boulton starred together was Molly and Me in 1945
Hillary Brooke and Matthew Boulton
Hillary Brooke and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Counter-Espionage in 1942. The most recent movie that Hillary Brooke and Matthew Boulton starred together was The Woman in Green in 1945
Emmett Vogan and Matthew Boulton
Emmett Vogan and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was Mystery Sea Raider in 1940. The most recent movie that Emmett Vogan and Matthew Boulton starred together was Incendiary Blonde in 1945
Neil Fitzgerald and Matthew Boulton
Neil Fitzgerald and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was The Thirteenth Chair in 1937. The most recent movie that Neil Fitzgerald and Matthew Boulton starred together was Bulldog Drummond's Bride in 1939
James Flavin and Matthew Boulton
James Flavin and Matthew Boulton have starred in 3 movies together. Their first film was A Yank on the Burma Road in 1942. The most recent movie that James Flavin and Matthew Boulton starred together was Unconquered in 1947


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Culinary Alumni Spotlight: Ernest Morris
By John Esposito, Communications Intern
When we were children many of us had dreams of becoming firefighters, astronauts or the President of the United States. However, many of us never pursued our passions that were once strong enough to put a smile on anyone's face when we talked about our dreams. What stopped us from dreaming to reach the stars or saving people's lives? Did we believe that it was not possible for us to fulfill those tasks? One man defies these questions and had the power to elicit a steady smile from his audience on September 30th, 2015.
Ernest Morris recently graduated from The Culinary School at the Food Bank of Delaware. He is now employed at the Cheesecake Factory at the Christiana Mall. I had a chance to meet him before his shift as a prep cook to talk about his passion, dream, and career at the popular restaurant.
Ernerst's experience at The Culinary School was very impactful. "It was one of the best moments of my life besides my kids being born,"he explained. "The Culinary School prepared me because it showed me numerous styles of cutting food, preparing the food to be safely consumed and so much more."
The training received through The Culinary School, especially the opportunity to become ServSafe certified, prepared Ernest for the day-to-day tasks at The Cheesecake Factory. "I am a prep cook at the Cheesecake Factory; I help prepare the meals and ensure that the food is safe to consume."
Thanks to The Culinary School, Ernest is able to have a career in a field he is passionate about. "I decided to become a chef when I was little; I used to always love cooking so my passion followed me from such a young age," he said.
Throughout our entire interview, Ernest's smile never faded.
His constant smile made me begin to think, "Why was he smiling so much? Is there something on my face? Or was it the possibility that I was asking the wrong questions?" The reason for Ernest's smile didn't hit me until the very end of the interview. It was pride, happiness, and accomplishment that kept that smile on his face.
When I shook Ernest's hand I felt a man who worked hard to get to the position he was in and a man who fulfilled his childhood dreams. Ernest is the true meaning of shooting for the stars and following your goals.
It is possible for you to fulfill your dreams in the food service industry as well! The Culinary School at the Food Bank of Delaware provides valuable job training to adults. The 14-week program includes 12 weeks (daytime hours) of hands-on training in basic and high-end kitchen skills, safe food handling, and life skills. Apply today at: http://www.fbd.org/the-culinary-school/
Cheers, tears: Ceremony celebrates big accomplishments
Staff members at the Food Bank of Delaware know our graduation ceremonies are not only celebratory, but they also unleash some strong emotions. Cue the tears! Wednesday's Culinary School graduation ceremony was no exception! Fifteen graduates from classes held at both our Newark and Milford sites marked the successful completion of a 14-week training program….
Focused: Culinary School student aims toward independence, success
Hayden Woods had to deal with some unexpected setbacks while attending our culinary training program in Milford. But those did not deter him! In the middle of the 14-week program, this Frederica resident got the flu and missed two weeks of class. The Culinary School is a 14-week training program that's certified through the Delaware…
Culinary School teaches new skills; offers retiree another career option
Ed Cooke might be the quiet guy in this semester's Food Bank of Delaware Culinary School's Milford class. He's not shy, but reserved – definitely not a typical student. And that's OK. This Felton resident enrolled in the class after learning about this educational opportunity from his brother, George. George graduated from our training program…
'Outside my comfort zone . . .': Student embraces new opportunities
While it might seem like a long way – particularly culturally – from Manhattan to Camden, Del., for Angel Boyd, the transition from a major metropolitan area to a more rural community is a change he's relished. "I graduated there, but I felt like it would be easier to find out about doing something new…
Backpack meals help children, struggling young families
Because of their proximity to the beaches and resort communities, families of students attending East Millsboro Elementary School struggle with some unique – and negative — economic situations. Parents may work in seasonal jobs where hours are reduced or eliminated during the off season, and they could also face the possibility of being unhoused as…
Culinary student learns skills he plans to use in the future
Jeffrey Laplante came to the Food Bank of Delaware's Culinary School in Milford with a bit of kitchen experience and a serious interest in cooking. He's a young man who enjoys cooking at home too, especially a variety of pasta dishes. In fact, this Milford resident already works as a line cook in a chain…
A student with a dream: Culinary School offers training for the future
When Milford resident Maritza Figueroa lost the job she had held for 15 years, she pivoted and landed at the Food Bank of Delaware's Culinary School in Milford. At age 60, Figueroa realizes she may be older than a typical student, but in a professional kitchen – as in other locations – age is simply…
'I get it now; I see why it's so hard.': Crime victim needs healthy, healing food
Many people who receive assistance from the Food Bank of Delaware simply can't afford the food they need, not just to survive but to overcome medical situations. Jessica, a Wilmington resident, asked for anonymity as she explained why she "needs good produce to heal." She registered online to receive a free weekly box that contains…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Wiesenthal Centre to...
Wiesenthal Centre to German Education Minister: "Will you announce to the G-7 Summit that young German Muslims are exempt from concentration camp visits?"
"Will your 20 million euro training programme for Islamic instructors be similarly 'Nazirein'?, serving as a recipe for Jihadism and ISIS recruitment?"
Paris, 1 June 2015
In a letter to German Federal Education Minister, Dr. Johanna Wanka, the Simon Wiesenthal Centre Director for International Relations, Dr. Shimon Samuels, expressed shock "at the intent of her Bavarian coalition partner, CSU MP Klaus Steiner, who in the regional Parliament unabashedly called 'to exempt Muslim students and other immigrant pupils from mandatory visits to concentration camps, which are normally part of the Holocaust educational programme'. According to his speech in the Bavarian Parliament, CSU MP Kurt Steiner, argues that 'there are a lot of children from Muslim families who do not have a connection to our past... We have to approach this topic carefully with these children'."
Samuels lamented, "to hear such language from a mainstream German politician reeks, at best, as Holocaust denial and, far worse, a German endorsement for such radical Islamist and Iranian intents, summed up as, 'the Holocaust is a lie, let's make it a reality'."
The letter noted that "as Minister, we are aware that you will be present at the opening, on 7 June, of the G-7 Summit under German Presidency at the Schloss Ehmau in Bavaria," continuing, "you will there announce Germany's 20 million euro investment five year plan to create Centers of Islamic theology at four major Universities: Tubingen, Frankfurt/Giessen, Munster/Osnabruck and Nurenberg/Erlengen – the latter two in Bavaria, both with a reportedly, checkered Nazi history."
Samuels pointed to the Ministry's website explanation that, "four million Muslims in Germany are the third religious group after Catholics and Protestants.... it is part of modern integration policy.... to train religious educators and specialized religious scholars... who will go on to work in mosques... Islamic religious education is to train 2,000 instructors for German schools... to offer students the chance to approach the Koran..."
see:http://www.bmbf.de/en/index.php
see: www.bmbf.de/en/15619.php?piwik_campaign=TagCloud&piwik_kwd=Islamic%20Theology
The Centre argued that, "at a time of increasingly rampant antisemitism and even antisemitic terrorism across Europe, the Steiner Bavarian plan, together with your generous Federal Islamic education programme seems a recipe for Jihadism, Isis recruitment and incitement to Jew-hatred, to be inevitably followed by attacks on other traditional Nazi victims: Roma, gays, women and disabled."


WikiLeaks dropped more leaks as the Debate played out. First of all, they reported Hillary was given a better camera angle, because it made her look more authoritative. In my opinion, that is no biggie, but the next tidbit they dropped is.
The FBI just dumped189 pages of heavily redacted Clinton witness interviews.
Clinton, her aides, and everyone at Platte River Institute, the server Hillary hired, violated a subpoena and deleted her emails. This is not new news, but, nevertheless, it bears repeating.
The big deal is that everyone at Platte River Institute saw Hillary's emails, whether classified or unclassified.
A technician hired by Hillary Clinton to run the private email system she used while US secretary of state told investigators he tried to pass on colleagues' concerns that the system might not comply with records laws, FBI interview summaries show.
Mills, whose lawyer did not respond to requests for comment, has previously testified under oath she could not recall anyone alerting her to potential problems with Clinton's email arrangement.
The episode had not been disclosed until the Federal Bureau of Investigation released on Friday night nearly 200 pages of additional records from its year-long investigation into the handling of classified government documents by Clinton and her staff via an unauthorized email server in the basement of her New York home.
So thanks to WikiLeaks the public now has more information of laws broken by Hillary Clinton concerning her private email server. Further we have proof of Platte River Institute alerting Cheryl Mills, Hillary's chief of staff, of their concerns about the fact the server was able to be viewed by anyone. Further, we know Mills lied about this to the FBI, and the FBI knew it.
FBI Director should resign now, and the voting public must remember all of these incriminating facts against Hillary Clinton which makes her unfit for the Presidency of the United States.


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Charlotte Favre, a student at Nanaimo District Secondary School, is one of the local organizers of the Everybody Deserves a Smile charity drive to provide warm clothes, toiletries and Christmas cards to those in need. (Chris Bush/News Bulletin)
Nanaimo students trying to provide warmth and holiday smiles
Warm clothes being sought for Everybody Deserves a Smile charity campaign
Nanaimo students feel like 'Everybody Deserves a Smile,' and so they're doing their part to try to make that happen this holiday season.
École Hammond Bay, Nanaimo District Secondary School and other local schools are taking the lead in the annual charity drive that collects warm clothing, toiletries and Christmas cards for people who are experiencing homelessness or others in need in the community. Students hand-make cards and decorate bags to fill with items.
"Everybody Deserves a Smile aims to educate and create with local students and their communities in a heartfelt, homemade way to compassionately reach out to those in need at Christmas," noted an event press release.
The campaign is in need of tuques, mittens, scarves and socks for women, men and non-binary charity recipients, as well as toothbrushes, soap, and cash donations. Cheques can be made out to EDAS or Everybody Deserves a Smile, and e-transfers can be made to edas.nanaimo@gmail.com.
Donation drop-off locations are École Hammond Bay, Fairview Elementary School, North Oyster Elementary, NDSS, Nanaimo Crossfit and Nanaimo Alliance Church. Brechin Elementary, Cinnabar Valley Elementary and Aspengrove School are also participating but are not listed as donation drop-off locations.
"For young students to be able to see how it affects the community and how they are also a part of this community, it helps [them see] how they can give back," said Charlotte Favre, a Grade 12 student at NDSS. "It can positively impact the community and help us bring help and joy to everyone."
The bags will be packed Dec. 13 and distribution is expected to start the day after that.
Charity and Donations
German Christmas experience can be enjoyed at cultural centre in Nanaimo
Ladysmith church members given hundreds of pounds of flour so they bake 1,300 cookies


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The Minaret was designed by Josef Hardtmuth, the famous pencil inventor and founder of the Czech firm Koh-i-noor, a major manufacturer of pencils and crayons.
© 1tomm / Shutterstock.com
The story of Lednice's famous Minaret
The Minaret or the 'Turkish Tower' is located on the grounds of the Lednice Castle Gardens. This attractive tower was built by Prince Alois Joseph I according to plans by architect Josef Hardtmuth at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is an exceptional construction of this character in Europe and stands almost 60 metres high - making it one of the tallest on the continent. Story by Lenka Beránková.
The Lednice minaret is an important tourist attraction and a unique example of Moorish architecture in the Czech Republic. – © piotrbb/ Shutterstock
Legend has it that Prince Alois Joseph of Liechtenstein wanted to build a new church in Lednice village, but the Consistory of Brno did not allow it. The Prince therefore allegedly built the Islamic sanctuary in defiance.
A much more likely version, however, is that the Austrian prince wanted to emulate other European aristocrats. It was fashionable at the time to place exotic buildings from the ancient and oriental world in parks and gardens. Prior to the construction of the minaret, several inspirational buildings, such as an ancient spa or a Chinese pavilion, were constructed in the Lednice Castle Gardens.
The Chinese pavilion in Lednice Castle Park, which no longer exists, was another proof of the international romantic outlook and trends of its time. – © Archive of Lednice Castle
The Minaret has its own unique style thanks to its designer. The tower was designed by Josef Hardtmuth, the famous pencil inventor and founder of the Czech firm Koh-i-noor, a major manufacturer of pencils and crayons. It's possible that the Lednice Minaret later became an inspiration for the pencil's invention, as the shape reflects this perfectly.
Constructing the Minaret was an ambitious undertaking. The stone blocks used for the construction weighed around 100 kg, and it was built on a marshy soil. The consolidation of the foundations was done by hired workers using 500 wooden poles, more than 17 metres long. To evenly distribute the weight of the tower, they laid a grid of 96 strong strings attached by iron clips. On this foundation, a tetrahedral one-storey mosque with an arcade gallery and columns was built. The tower measures 60 metres, features three galleries and you can reach the highest viewing point by climbing a self-supporting spiral stone staircase of 302 steps.
Climb the 60 metre spiral staircase for an amazing view of Lednice park. – © Pecold / Shutterstock
The carpenters used the Turkish style of scaffolding for the construction, which was unusual in Europe at the time. The construction workers were unfamiliar with this type of scaffolding and were concerned about their safety. To help reassure the workers, a cavalry corporal from the nearby chateau stables rode his horse safely across the scaffolding. After 7 years of construction, the minaret was completed in 1804, without serious injury to the workers.
The richly decorated interiors of the Minaret's lower level was reportedly done by artists from Arab countries. – © Archive of Lednice Castle
The lower part of the minaret has eight rooms, with richly decorated ceilings, walls and floors, and oriental ornaments. This work, according to experts, was carried out by artists from Arab countries. The minaret served primarily as a lookout tower, for viewing the whole Lednice-Valtice area. On the 1st floor, the Liechtensteins placed their exotic collections.
Today the Lednice minaret is a dominant feature of the entire Lednice-Valtice area and an important tourist attraction. It is a unique example of Moorish architecture in the Czech Republic. While the minaret never served for religious purposes, it has served as an important lookout tower - on a good day, you can see all the way to Vienna, which is more than 90 km away.
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/ username and password and try again. Rodo's essay is framed as a kind of commencement address delivered by the teacher, Prospero, to his male disciples. Ariel By Jose Enrique Rodo. Translated by Margaret Sayers Peden. Ariel, as Rod thought, but Caliban. Tempest, becomes in Retamars hands a powerful metaphor of their cultural situationboth in its marginality and its revolutionary potential. An early close confidant. What concerns Prospero is how to shore up high culture, which was rapidly being undermined by the egoism, bad taste and utilitarianism Rodo found in the democratic society of the United States. Cultural and literary essays by a Cuban poet, essayist, and professor of philology who is known for his meticulous efforts to dismantle Eurocentric colonial and neocolonial thought. In his version of this allegory, Rodo is more constructive and more Utopian, for he attempts to reconcile modern democracy, equal opportunity and social evolution with the harmonious development of the individual.
Roberto Fernández Retamar Translated by Edward Baker Foreword by Fredric Jameson.
Cultural and literary essays by a Cuban.
Become a kind of manifesto for Latin American and Caribbe an writers; the remaining four essays deal with Spanish and.
Also underlined is the importance. Unlike Cuba's Jose Marti and Argentina's Domingo Sarmiento, Rodo never visited the United States; instead, his observations on the rising tide of American vulgarity and mediocrity came from books and from such travel writing as Paul Bourget's novel 'Outre Mer.' What most alarmed him was. An erudite and widely respected hispanist, Retamar is known for his meticulous efforts to dismantle Eurocentric colonial and neocolonial thought. Thus Prospero urges his young students to dedicate themselves to the city of the future, to cultivating all that is devoted to 'the dissemination and defense of selfless spiritual idealism -art, science, morality, religious sincerity, a politics of ideas.'. One of the only issues I have is that he repeatedly name-drops people and writes something along the lines of "this is very obvious and clearly you've heard." I haven't! Password, sign in via your Institution, sign. This volume will be useful in courses dealing with contemporary Latin American culture. Yet it struck a responsive chord in generations of Latin American intellectuals precisely because of its insistence on the integrity of their culture.


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Dyrham Park, set in a dramatic deer park only 8 miles away from the city of Bath, is a treasure to enjoy. As you arrive, take in the spectacular sweeping views leading down to this elegant 17th-century mansion.
The house is currently in a state of transformation following a major conservation project to replace the leaking roof. Extensive work is being carried out in the garden – a 21st-century garden with echoes of the past.
Young explorers can let off steam in the Old Lodge natural play area, grab a new tracker pack bursting with activities for the garden and discover the wildlife in the park. No visit would be complete without spotting some of the 200-strong herd of wild fallow deer that roam the estate. Enjoy our fun-filled events, including children's trails, outdoor theatre and guided walks.
Indulge in tasty, home-cooked food in the stylishly refurbished tea-room, where Dyrham Park venison and pears from the orchard are often used in seasonal dishes. In warmer weather, the tea-garden is the perfect spot to unwind and enjoy a sumptuous cream tea or a slice of homemade cake.
Prices are inclusive of Gift Aid. Visitors can choose to pay the standard admission prices which are displayed at the property and at www.nationaltrust.org.uk.
8 miles north of Bath, 12 miles east of Bristol; approached from Bath to Stroud road (A46), 2 miles south of Tormarton interchange with M4, exit 18. Sat Nav: Use SN14 8HY.
Groups Accepted - Group bookings in advance only.
* Open daily except Christmas Eve and Christmas Day. Last entry one hour before close.
Ultimate motoring thrills for adrenaline junkies.
Historic, supposedly haunted traditional theatre.
Theatre Royal's young people's theatre complex.
Epicentre (and raison d'etre!) of the Heritage City.
Come on a journey through the history of America. Open Tues-Sun, 12-5pm, closed Mon.
Set a leisurely pace in sublimely pretty 18th century landscape surroundings.


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Home About us Editorial board Ahead of print Browse Articles Search Archives Submit article Instructions Subscribe Contacts Login
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1
Health professionals' perception related to communication technologies for access to information about crack
Maykon A P. Novais1, Marcia M C. De Liberala2, Solange A Nappo3, Paola Zucchi2
1 Department of Informatics in Health, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
2 Department of Medicine, Discipline of Economics and Management in Health, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
3 Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
Marcia M C. De Liberala
Rua Botucatu, N. 740 – 3° Andar – Sala 307, Vila Clementino, CEP: 04023-900, São Paulo/SP
DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_197_19
Background: The aim of this study is to identify the information and communication technologies used by health professionals to assist in training and updating of technical and scientific knowledge about crack, exchange of experiences, and development of programs to prevent consumption and treatment of addicts. Methods: The qualitative methodology was used, constructed an intentional sample by criteria and applied research techniques through semi-structured interviews, triangulation of the analysis, and key informants. The study resulted in the presentation of differences between the way key informants and health professionals sought information. Results: Internet was the preferred source; however, key informants sought information on sites of scientific journals and reference centers, while health professionals did free searches on the internet to consume information. Conclusions: The literature does not reflect a broad scope of the specific area, but relates the problem of access to health information to other characteristics. The sources of information about crack are focused on digital technologies, the internet and its specific tools. It also finds that health professionals are not being capacitate solidly on the subject of study.
Keywords: Crack cocaine, health professionals, information, and communication technology
P. Novais MA, C. De Liberala MM, Nappo SA, Zucchi P. Health professionals' perception related to communication technologies for access to information about crack. Int J Prev Med 2020;11:1
P. Novais MA, C. De Liberala MM, Nappo SA, Zucchi P. Health professionals' perception related to communication technologies for access to information about crack. Int J Prev Med [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 18];11:1. Available from: https://www.ijpvmjournal.net/text.asp?2020/11/1/1/275128
One of the milestones of the time in which we live is the problems related to abusive use of psychoactive substances.[1] In Brazil, crack cocaine, which has defined as a "devastating drug", stands out due to its physical and social effects.[2] The 21st century presents strong use of crack, especially in large urban centers.[3] In Brazil, crack emerged in the late 1980s, in São Paulo, as one of the products of the cocaine extraction process and quickly conquered the lower social classes of the city.[4]
Crack has been breaking social[5] and geographical barriers,[6] posing a challenge for health professionals regarding prevention of their use and treatment of dependents. Among the difficulties to deal with this issue is the need to improve the training of health professionals who will work in the care of users and their families.[7] This training faces difficulties that go beyond the knowledge of scientific concepts.
According to Carlini-Cotrim[8] Brazil, until the 1990s, was a country that did little research on the use of psychoactive drugs. The absence of scientific investigations would have led, in addition to negligence, to misconceptions regarding the importation of models from other realities. The construction of more effective preventive actions, aimed at minimizing the problem of drug abuse, depends on the type of information one has on the subject, favoring more tolerant or more restrictive attitudes, depending on the constructed archetype. The sources of information that help to develop these actions are diverse and, when unreal or distorted, can cause more problems than benefits.
In the context of the 21st century, Information and Communication Technologies [ICTs] are an important tool to find, disseminate and deepen the scientific information developed in centers of excellence, which represent the most adequate parameter of evidence for health decision making. Therefore, it is questioned how health professionals use ICT in their training and updating of knowledge. Thus, this study aims to identify the sources of consultation, in the universe of ICT, used by these professionals to assist in the formation and updating of knowledge about crack, in the exchange of experiences and development of health education programs.
Qualitative and descriptive statistics have been chosen to represent the relative frequencies of sample characterization. These methodological characteristics were fundamental for the development of this work, since the opinions, experiences, and values of the interviewees were their substrate.[9] The understanding has been sought through the discourse of health professionals, the sources they use to inform themselves, and the knowledge they have about the technologies of access to information.
The qualitative approach does not privilege the numerical criterion and does not seek a statistically representative sample.[10] Therefore, instead of randomness, we chose the intentional selection of the sample,[9] choosing as participants those who experienced the social phenomena under study, the so-called information-rich cases,[11] seeking, within the sample, the greatest possible variety of cases, in order to contemplate the different perspectives of the phenomenon. To be consistent with the proposal, the sample size is neither probabilistic nor defined by sample calculation.[12]
The sample size was not determined prior to the start of the study. The participants were continuously select until the theoretical saturation point was been reached, at which point information became redundant, recurrent, or recurrent.[13] It means that the ideas conveyed by one participant had already been informed by others and the inclusion of new participants did not result in additional understandings or clues that could indicate new perspectives of the phenomenon, indicating that the selection should be interrupted.[9],[12] Although the sample is not statistically representative, it does not mean that the sampling process has not been systematic[12] defined through the adoption of special sampling techniques.[9] One is sampling by criteria, the so-called inclusion criteria.
To this research, the social phenomenon studied was the identification of the sources of consultation in the universe of ICTs used by health professionals, to aid in the formation and updating of knowledge about crack. Thus, the criteria were health professionals involved with the drug/crack theme with different origins: public and private network with working time in the area for more than two years and different ages. It was considered that the realities of public and private networks may be different in terms of information and the possibility for younger professionals to have greater identity with technologies have led to a differentiation of age groups. The 2-year time was a safety measure do not include in the sample newly entered into the profession.
The selection was made with participants in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The first ones selected were people of notorious knowledge on the subject that, later, presented and indicated the other participants of the sample, limited to this region. For the recruitment of the selected, the strategy was used to list the initial professionals, the gatekeepers, who started to indicate the others in the selection process. The main resource in qualitative research was discourse, since speech reveals structural conditions, systems of values, norms, symbols,[14] emotions, anxieties, and anxieties.[15] The interview is an interactive tool in which the establishment of the investigator-researched bond fulfills an essential function in the quality of the empirical indicators produced,[16],[17] and must be sensitive to the language, values and concepts of the culture investigated.[16] The great advantage of this process of approach is to allow access to feelings, thoughts and intentions, capturing the desired information in an immediate and current way, allowing corrections, clarifications, and adaptations.[18]
According to Patton,[9] we chose three forms of triangulation: techniques used in data collection [snowball technique with individual interviews]; data sources [key informants, health professionals and teachers]; data analysis [categorization and inference by two researchers], which guarantee the reliability and validity of the qualitative data that will be obtained. The triangulation occurred with the presentation of the results so that two other independent researchers, selected by the principal investigator, could do the methodological process of reading and preparation, which consists in the classification of the testimonies.
We interviewed 27 health professionals who stated that they only addressed care practices with patients and that they have moderate to low interest in the drug/crack theme, although some believe their patients are directly involved, such as users of crack or other drugs. When asked about the frequency with which they approach the subject in their professional practice, they reported sporadically for 70% of the respondents, 4%, daily, 19%, monthly and 7%, weekly. For 37% of respondents, their public has no interest in knowing about drug/crack; to 52%, the interest is partial, without specifying what particularity of interest; to 11%, there is interest in knowing more about the drug.
Drug recognition
All interviewees said they had heard of crack. One of the interviewees, a doctor of the Medical Doctors Program of the Ministry of Health [MH], who allocates Brazilian and foreign doctors in the basic health care network of the Unified Health System [UHS]. They say that "in your country there is no such drug", because they are health professionals, mostly from the basic care network, some of the interviewees claim to have the closest contact with the drug because their patients are users and have stated this in their anamnesis. It was also found that community health agents are key actors for this identification, because some patients deny drug use and the finding is focus on information from the community health agent.
Knowledge about crack
When asked about what they knew about the drug, participants described several elements, which were summarize in frequency citations, in [Table 1]. It is been noticed that there is a majority speech about dependence, followed by statements about which the interviewee hears about the drug, its composition and its social effects.
Table 1: Frequency of knowledge about crack by health professionals
Respondents reported popular media and their own patient reports as a source of knowledge about the drug. The previous talk, that the media is the main channel of knowledge about the drug, is corroborate, but sometimes it is also contradicted in relation to patients being a source of knowledge about the drug. During data collection, it can be seen that for some professionals, who have the anamnesis as fundamental for the care, the patient reveals to be or not a user of some type of drug mainly due to the adverse effects of the association of the drug with some medication, for example. This fear is verified by professionals when they try to find out whether or not their patient is a drug user.
The spontaneous speech about dependency was the most frequent among health professionals. Respondents reported that what they most know about the drug is their ability to cause addiction. With regard to the social effects caused by the drug, one can perceive the familial, economic and social involvement of the drug use. There is also the perception that the drug generates a systemic damage to the individual, in different spheres. In references to the organic effects that the drug causes, there is a direct association of damage to the nervous system and the perception of the psychological damage of the drug.
When questioned about how they approach the subject in their professional practice, professionals report considerable social phenomena. For them, 44% of citations are only about generic drug guidelines; 22% have a habit of directly questioning the patient about whether or not they are a user; and 19% claim to refer only to specialized services [Table 2].
Table 2: Professional approach to crack
Two participants described that their professional approach is been given in consultation, without further detail. Two others explicitly stated that the professional did not have or had little contact with the subject. Most of the statements [44%] relate to the professional advising the patient about the drug, in general, about their empirical knowledge about the harm of the drug. A medical professional noticed the need for family involvement in the treatment and the invocation of therapeutic measures in the treatment process. One group of respondents stated that the approach is straightforward, with the goal of drug precaution. Already, the indirect information comes from the Community Agents. In addition to the orientation processes, professionals interviewed, mostly from the basic health care network [general practitioners], claim to refer patients who identify as users to specialized services, such as the Psychosocial Support Center—Alcohol and Drugs [CAPS AD] or mental health professionals.
Source of crack information and update paths
The health professionals interviewed made statements in which they affirm that the Internet is the main place to search for information [Table 3]. The second most frequent citation is the search in specialized centers.
Table 3: Search location for information search
When describing the scientific databases, the name Scielo [database] appears in the totality of the testimonies. For the Specialized Centers, the testimony cites CAPS AD as a reference for specialized centers. Personal relationships for information search have been marked by descriptions about professional and patient contact.
Reasons for search in information channels
[Table 4] presents the reasons for seeking information at the sites described above. In it, it can be observed that 50% refers to the ease in the use of the source of information.
Table 4: Reasons for searching information at communication sites
Respondents reported that user-friendliness is the main factor for using the information sources described by themselves. The Internet was cited as the main source of access to information, with the justification of ease of use and access. The justification that on the Internet are the main sources of information of the present day was also use by the interviewees. When source is personal relationships, the justification lies in the ease of finding accurate information with a co-worker. Another issue, which the researcher associates strongly with the ease item, is the speed in collecting the information. The comparative analysis of his profile shows that this subject has a different academic profile compared to the majority of respondents. The Internet was been cited as a source of great credibility by the interviewees and the search for information in referral centers had its credibility criterion highlighted too. For two interviewees, the updating issue was highlight and the internet was the source of information with greater capacity to update.
Facilities and difficulties in the use of information channels
The interviewees discussed the facilities and difficulties they find in the quest channels for information cited. [Table 5] shows the relative and absolute frequency of citations that the 27 participants described throughout the interview.
Table 5: Facilities and difficulties in the use of the information channel
It is observed that 44% of the citations are relate to the trustworthiness of the information, that is, the care that the interviewee has when searching for information on the Internet. For 28% of the references made in this regard, the availability of information is divided into positive and negative factors. When referring to the Internet, they emphasize that information is available at any time, at the "hands reach". Even print media are transpose into digital media. There was, therefore, a consensus that information on the internet is available to anyone at any time.
Regarding the availability of appeal, 13% referred to the presence or absence of a resource that provides access to information. However, for some professionals, these features are scarce in their professional environments, which makes the tool a limiting factor. For another, time restrictions are also complicating the availability of computers. Those who cited personal relationships as a source of information also listed their strengths and weaknesses.
For those who cited the Internet as the main source of information search, care with the reliability of information is the main difficulty. However, for a participant, this is not a concern he has confidence in what it is been deposited on the internet and does not consider that its content is passive of doubts. Respondents stated that one of the facilities of the Internet is the speed in providing information. This rapidity is associated, according to the interviewees, with the availability of the technological resource.
Effectiveness of training of information channels
In the analysis of the statements about the efficiency of the information search channels, the interviewees had a dichotomous conclusion: they affirmed that 21% of the channels of search of information that they used enabled and 79% did not qualify. Among those who said that the channel enabled, a participant who quoted the internet describe this way: "I think it is the best channel, in relation to updating, reliability of information." The others stated that they were satisfied with the training and did not declare their justifications. Almost 79% of them said that the channels of communication did not enable them, declare different reasons for this. One is that the internet, despite its facilities, is still deficient because it focuses on niches and makes information unavailable to a larger audience. Another argument is that the internet offers a lot of [good] information, but that would not be enough for a training to take effect.
Needs for effective training pathways
[Table 6] shows that the majority of the interviewees were divided between saying that the ideal to qualify them would be a professional qualification [27%], for example, a preceptor in the subject or the accomplishment of specific courses [45%].
Table 6: Training needed for crack training
It can be observed that in this frequency distribution that the interviewees' perception about the need for formal training situations is great, even though the Internet is an active means of searching for information. Most of the citations refer to the need for courses to train health professionals without the explanation of the course, but a researcher understood that these could have a synchronous and formal learning format. Some explained the format of the course and the ideal training, which would be one of greater specificity.
In 14% of the frequencies, the interviewees emphasized that a real contact, close to the situation, is the ideal format to train them about crack. It is observed that the basic action of the health professional is lacking a specific and dedicated support to enable them on the subject. In two cases, the professional described that access to the scientific literature is the ideal to enable him on the subject.
Corporate supply of information channels
Respondents generally confirmed that they must always seek information beyond what the institution usually offers. These resources range from using your internet access to your homes, for example, for lack of time in the workplace, or for help and information in specialized centers such as CAPS AD. For those who have cited the internet as an auxiliary source of information search, the justification remains the agility and ease of access to this source of information. When asked about this need, the demand for training courses was reiterate, even with the availability of internet resources. An affirmation justifies the declared need of the interviewee to seek regular, formal training. Another interviewee stated that his institution offered access to science-based databases, which for him is a valuable resource for his training. Access to specific job centers with drug users is a recurring source for health professionals who have declared CAPS AD to be a safe and affordable source to seekers for information. However, even these centers have restrictions that are been revealed by the interviewees.
Information requests about crack
When questioned about crack information demands that they do not know how to respond, 88% of citations point to the existence of this demand and only 12% refute it. The rationale for those who refute the need is that patients, out of fear or disinformation, do not bring questions to them, which makes them comfortable with the subject. For another interviewee, the demand is zero, but there is an impetus to seek complementary information to continue the treatment. The group of quotes that affirm that there are demands has as a characteristic to point out that the demands exist, and that all ignorance is a stimulus for which to seek information.
When it comes to drugs, the need for constant updating of the professional involved in their prevention or treatment is essential. Crack is a very convincing example of this assertion, since there are numerous changes promoted by users, trafficking and others that have changed the way drug use and behaviors are been related in Brazil.[19]
The professional must be updated with the changes so that their interference, whether prevention or treatment, is effective.[20] Information technology is a powerful and efficient weapon for this update to occur. Otherwise, the impossibility of its use or misuse leads professionals to ignore or, when they do, to use common sense strategies and concepts, contributing little to solve the problem.[21] A predominant use of ICT by health professionals for professional training in the area of drugs was been observed. The use of these resources was involved in perceptions that weakened their use compared to a specific group studied, the key informants.
Health professionals said they did not fully trust the information available on the internet. For about 28% of respondents, the distrust in the information deposited in the Internet or in the media to which they have access is a question of the fragility of these channels. Concerning to the risks that information found on the Internet offer, information specialists have been developing checklists with criteria and indicators, in an attempt to establish minimum standards of quality.[22] According to Fogg et al.,[23] some indicators increase while others decrease the quality of information on the web. One of them is relate to the website domain. Whether it is governmental [.gov], educational [.edu] or institutional [.org] will have better recognition than if it is personal. It will also be well accepted if it contains an address that allow the user to contact the page manager and have his doubts answered.[23]
The interest in drugs by patients is low and this condition is mainly due to the social level of the participants. The population of this study is form by professionals of Basic Attention and not by experts in drugs, but the proposal was due to the need to verify how the professional that is "gateway" of systems of specialties acts and their knowledge about crack. It can be understood that the necessary the health professional to know the use of substances that may influence the therapeutics necessary for their consultation. Adequate vocational training is important for the effectiveness of the care of users.[24] According to Barros and Pillon,[25] it is also necessary to emphasize the development of educational programs on alcohol and other drugs for health professionals to work at all levels of health care, from primary care to more specialized levels.
The internet is the source of prevalent crack information among health professionals. In their speeches, it is not explicitly defined which Internet tool they refer to, but, indirectly, this feature is a search engine such as Google. The media in general is another niche of absorbing information. This finding leads to an indication that the sources are not systematized and do not have a qualitative origin that can be measured.
The empirical knowledge also supported the aggregation of knowledge and information by the populations. In the case of health professionals, the information provided by community agents, are consider by these as safe sources of information. This condition consolidates the idea that the populations studied are focus on non-systematized information and conduct their professional actions in these parameters. The mass media are the main source of information and research for a large part of the population, interfering with the production of meanings about health and disease and reaffirming traditional models and practices that are often discriminatory.[26] They can also act as important allies in promoting, preventing and protecting health.
The main characteristics of the communication channels chosen by health professionals have been related to ease of use and "trustworthiness". For them, the ease feature is associated with the almost immediate availability that the internet confers, as opposed to a conventional literature. It is been believed to focus on the broader technical knowledge of these professionals, related to the availability of information on the internet and in the media. Faced with fragile information, broad or unreliable, the professional feels unprepared to deal with the issue of crack and verifies that the demand for their knowledge is greater than the repository that has.
The media through the internet, have repeatedly established some "premises" when referring to this drug, which, most of the time, distance themselves from reality. For example, an epidemic was been shown that did not prove to be true[27]: a nationwide survey brought up a few expressive numbers {350,000 regular crack users} when compared to other drugs.[28] However, the "epidemic" increased the prejudice of society with these users, attributing to them the great number of assaults and violence practiced, mainly in the city of São Paulo.[29] Based on this erroneous information, health professionals went out to the field to promote the involuntary or compulsory hospitalization of total vulnerable crack users, left to their own devices.[30]
These professionals still insist on promoting outdated speeches based on the drug, divulged by the digital and printed media, configuring a passive user in a total way, without self-will and without internal strength to give up the narcotic. This vision enables society to decide for these users without taking into account their weaknesses, their antecedents and their reasons.
This study aimed to evaluate the way in which health professionals use ICTs in their training and updating of knowledge in order to identify the sources of consultation in this universe of digital communication technologies as an aid in training and updating on crack the exchange of experiences and the development of health education programs. As for the sources of information on this subject, it was noted the concentration on the Internet and its specific tools. It is worth highlighting that health professionals investigated about the quality and efficiency of these means of access are still not able to satisfy their training needs through these tools.
By listing the reasons for accessing different media to search for information about crack, it was observed that the unavailability of corporate resources and knowledge about scientific databases. It should be remembered that the populations studied are part of a region concentrated around centers of excellence in research and dissemination of information. Therefore, it is believed that the reality of more distant regions may be even more compromised either by the more difficult access to information or by the lack of availability of basic accessibility infrastructure resources, such as high-speed internet. It is therefore imperative and urgent that drug information, especially crack cocaine, is reliable, reliable, and based on scientifically proven foundations.
This study was funded by CAPES. It is a partial product of a PhD Thesis presented at the Federal University of São Paulo and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University.
Almeida GWd, Mello RC. Uso de novas tecnologias de informação por profissionais da área da saúde na Bahia. Revi Adm Contemp 2004;8:9-27.
Taz I, Ahmed A, Ahmed N. An improved and interactive system to fulfill basic human healthcare needs. In: 2016 19th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE; 2016. p. 530-4.
Vasconcelos EM. Cenário econômico, social e psicossocial no Brasil recente, e a crescente difusão do crack: balanço e perspectivas de ação. O social em questão 2012;149-86.
O'Leary B, Strike C, Rohailla S, Barnes M, McDougall P, Baltzer Turje R, et al. Perspectives of healthcare workers about the delivery and evaluation of harm reduction services for people living with HIV who use substances. Cogent Med 2018;5:1461005.
Ferreira TCD, Sanchez ZVDM, Ribeiro LA, Oliveira LGD, Nappo SA. Percepções e atitudes de professores de escolas públicas e privadas perante o tema drogas. Interface-Comunicação, Saúde, Educação 2010;14:551-62.
Carlini EA, Galduróz JCF, Noto AR, Nappo SA. I Levantamento domiciliar sobre o uso de drogas psicotrópicas no Brasil: estudo envolvendo as 107 maiores cidades do país. São Paulo: Cebrid/Unifesp. 2002.
Cruz MS, Filho JFdS. A formação de profissionais para a assistência de usuários de drogas ea constituição de um novo habitus de cuidado. J Bras Psiquiatr 2005;54:120-6.
Carlini-Cotrim B. A Escola e as Drogas: Realidade Brasileira e Contexto Internacional [Tese]. São Paulo: Pontifícia Universidade Católica; 1992.
Patton MQ. Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. London: Sage Publications; 2002. p. 530.
Pope C, Ziebland S, Mays N. Analysing qualitative data. Bmj 2000;320:114-6.
Víctora CG, Knauth DR, Hassen MDNA. Pesquisa qualitativa em saúde: uma introdução ao tema. In Pesquisa qualitativa em saúde: uma introdução ao tema. 2000.
[WHO] WHO. Qualitative Research for Health Programmes. Geneva: Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization; 1994. p. 102.
Duarte R. Pesquisa qualitativa: Reflexões sobre o trabalho de campo. Cad Pesqui 2002;115:139-54.
Minayo MCDS, Sanches O. Quantitativo-qualitativo: oposição ou complementaridade?. Cadernos de saúde pública 1993;9:237-48.
Ribeiro ET. Introdução à metodologia da pesquisa clínico-qualitativa definição e principais características. Rev Portuguesa Psicossom 2000;2:93-108.
Britten N. Qualitative research: Qualitative interviews in medical research. BMJ 1995;311:251-3.
Madureira ADA. A construção das identidades sexuais não-hegemônicas: gênero, linguagem e constituição da subjetividade (Doctoral dissertation, Dissertação de Mestrado, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília). 2000.
Nogueira-Martins MCF, Bógus CM. Considerações sobre a metodologia qualitativa como recurso para o estudo das ações de humanização em saúde. Saúde e sociedade 2004;13:44-57.
Oliveira LGd, NappoII SA. Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: Padrão de uso controlado. Rev Saude Publica 2008;42:664-71.
Sanchez ZVDM, Oliveira LGD, Ribeiro LA, Nappo SA. O papel da informação como medida preventiva ao uso de drogas entre jovens em situação de risco. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 2011;16:1257-66.
Vasconcellos-Silva PR, Castiel LD, Bagrichevsky M, Griep RH. As novas tecnologias da informação e o consumismo em saúde New information technologies and health consumerism. Cad Saude Publica 2010;26:1473-82.
Lopes IL. Novos paradigmas para avaliação da qualidade da informação em saúde recuperada na Web. Ciência Inf 2004;33:81-90.
Fogg B, Kameda T, Boyd J, Marshall J, Sethi R, Sockol M, et al. Stanford-Makovsky web credibility study 2002: Investigating what makes web sites credible today. Report from the Persuasive Technology Lab. 2002. Available from: http://captology stanford edu/pdf/Stanford-MakovskyWebCredStudy2002-pre% lim pdf.
de Souza JS, Bonilla MHS. A cultura digital na formação de professores. Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação 2014:23-34.
de Novais MAP, De Liberal MMC, Zucchi P, Nappo SA. Diagnosis of Brazilian school teachers about the preventions and use of crack by the new communication technologies. Int J Innov Educ Res 2018;6:42-59.
Menegon VSM. Crise dos serviços de saúde no cotidiano da mídia impressa. Psicol Sociedade 2008;20:32-40.
Nappo SA, Sanchez ZM, Ribeiro LA. Is there a crack epidemic among students in Brazil?: Comments on media and public health issues. Cad Saúde Pública 2012;28:1643-9.
Bastos FIPM, Bertoni N. Pesquisa Nacional sobre o uso de crack: quem são os usuários de crack e/ou similares do Brasil? Quantos são nas capitais brasileiras? 2014.
Romanini M, Roso A. Or Reinforcing Relations Of Domination? Medios Y Crack:¿ Promoviendo Salud O Reforzando Relaciones De Dominación? Psicol: Ciência Profissão 2012;32:82-97.
Coelho I, Oliveira MHBD. Internação compulsória e crack: um desserviço à saúde pública. Saúde em debate 2014;38:359-67.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5], [Table 6]
P. Novais MA
C. De Liberala MM
Nappo SA
Zucchi P
and communication technology
© International Journal of Preventive Medicine | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 2nd January, 2015


Who in Their Right Mind would Abandon Family?
I've been evaluating my life for quite some time now. I keep looking back thinking, "Wow! What if I had never..." I seriously never imagined at age seventeen that more than ten years later I would be planning to move to another country. I always dreamed of being a writer. I always dreamed of being known for what I could do. I never thought God would make Himself known through me.
So here I am twenty-eight years old. I have no biological children. I have no boyfriend. I have no husband. I have no house. I have no ladder-climbing job. But what I do have are girls in Kenya that I cannot seem to stop thinking about. This life that I have said yes to has not been an easy road for I have had to say no to a lot of meaningful things. I haven't been able to invest in the lives of my nephews and niece the way I've wanted. I haven't been able to pour into one of my best friend's daughters the way I would have liked to. I've missed birthdays and all kinds of celebrations. And most recently I missed saying goodbye to my grandfather.
But this is what has become my reality. I will continue to miss birthday celebrations. I will continue to miss special events. I will continue to miss seeing the growth of my family members because I choose to continually say Yes to God. It's a sacrifice that I'm willing to take because I want others to know of the greatest sacrifice He made. Majority of my girls in Kenya don't even know when their birthday is because it has never been celebrated. Most of their parents will not be there for their special events because they have already died of HIV or AIDS. Some of my girls will never grow up because they are dying of diseases that could have been cured if treated properly.
When you've seen the world, it's quite impossible to come back unchanged. My heart tells me to help these girls, to give them hope, to empower, to educate, to embark on a journey with them, to love them in ways they have never been loved before. I cannot leave them as orphans. I must be a mother to the motherless.
I watched this past January as children found hope, light was brought to darkness, laughter replaced sadness. God used me and the arts to bring about transformation in the lives of not only these three girls but about 63 more. I came home super exhilarated. My best friend got on board, my mother, sister and before I knew it I had 7 women who wanted to go along to empower the daughters of Kenya.
You know, I can't explain to you why I keep going back to Kenya or any other country for that matter. I have no sad pictures of malnourished children or children with flies around their dirt-filled faces. I don't have photos of poor living conditions. There are such cases but I refuse to exploit them. The faces I show you are of children I have built relationships with, children I have poured into, wept with, rejoiced with, children I have celebrated. I want to show you more of these pictures but I can't do so without your help.
Partner With Us Today! www.REDEEMWithGod.org.
You were the child who never wanted to leave my side. Tied to my apron string. You didn't even enjoy spending the night with relatives, unless we were staying as well. Only God can take a child with detachment issues and give her a heart for Kenya. Look at God.
It is a bit poetic that you will sacrifice so much and in essence, take from your life what they don't have to be closer to them...I love being caught up in your calling!
It was on the World Race with Adventures in Missions that Casondra's heart broke for the girls of Kenya. She is currently pursuing a Masters in Intercultural Studies to help her more effectively reach the people of Kenya.


Kullgren's research focuses on improving decisions patientsand providers make about disease prevention. He translates insights from the field of behavioral economics — a discipline that blends elements of economics and psychology — into new interventions that can be delivered at scale by health care systems, insurers and policy makers. These interventions include the use of financial incentives to motivate healthy behaviors for people striving to achieve a health goal, such as weight loss, more physical activity or cancer prevention. Other examples of behavioral economic strategies include changing the ways in which choices are presented to patients, and tapping into people's social networks to encourage healthy behaviors.
Kullgren's current projects include a career development award from the Department of Veterans Affairs focused on improving veteran engagement in diabetes prevention. He is also partnering with MHealthy, the U-M's employee wellness program, to test new ways in which incentives could be used to motivate healthy behaviors, such as weight loss, among employees.
Kullgren has also been applying behavioral economics insights to motivate better decisions by clinicians. There is a growing focus on the overuse of low-value care — services that don't improve patients' health, are costly and can sometimes harm a patient more than help.


Geology (2012) 40 (1): 35-38.
How flat slab geometries are generated has been long debated. It has been suggested that trenchward motion of thick cratons in some areas of South America and Cenozoic North America progressively closed the asthenospheric wedge and induced flat subduction. Here we develop time-dependent numerical experiments to explore how trenchward motion of thick cratons may result in flat subduction. We find that as the craton approaches the trench and the wedge closes, two opposite phenomena control slab geometry: the suction between ocean and continent increases, favoring slab flattening, while the mantle confined within the closing wedge dynamically pushes the slab backward and steepens it. When the slab retreats, as in the Peru and Chile flat slabs, the wedge closure rate and dynamic push are small and suction forces generate, in some cases, flat subduction. We model the past 30 m.y. of subduction in the Chilean flat slab area and demonstrate that trenchward motion of thick lithosphere, 200–300 km, currently ∼700–800 km away from the Peru-Chile Trench, reproduces a slab geometry that fits the stress pattern, seismicity distribution, and temporal and spatial evolution of deformation and volcanism in the region. We also suggest that varying trench kinematics may explain some differing slab geometries along South America. When the trench is stationary or advances, the mantle flow within the closing wedge strongly pushes the slab backward and steepens it, possibly explaining the absence of flat subduction in the Bolivian orocline.


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We use Babel, ES6, ESLint, Flow, Jest.
Implement Blockchain Class which contains linked Block instances.
Implement Miner Class which builds a new block.
Adjust mining difficulty based on how long the previous mining took.
Implement Transaction Class which manages input, outputs and a digital signature.
Implement Wallet Class which manages a public and private key pair and creates a digital signature.
Give reward when a miner discovers a block.
Web User Interface helps us test.
Implement Router Class which makes a peer-to-peer netowork.


Feeding & Nutrition: Chili Coral has to be fed directly with brine shrimps, acellular marine invertebrates, meaty bits, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Chili Coral filter feeds in small quantity a few times per week when it is open. DonÍt give food that is freely floating in your marine aquariumÍs water. Chili Coral is non-photosynthetic in nature. Add Iodine to the water as a dietary supplement. Please ensure that your marine aquarium does not have mechanical filter as it removes the essential nutrients from the water.


Tecnomatix Robcad allows you to visualise and virtually confirm the practicality of your automation concepts, instead of dealing in guesswork or uncertainties. The Robcad platform helps to optimise processes and calculate cycle times.
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Home Biography David Ortiz
David Ortiz Biography
Updated On 30 Jan, 2018 Published On 30 Jan, 2018
Facts of David Ortiz
November 18 , 1975
Relationship short Statistics of David Ortiz
What is David Ortiz marital status ? ( married,single, in relation or divorce):
How many children does David Ortiz have ? (name):
Is David Ortiz having any relationship affair ?:
Is David Ortiz Gay ?
1 Marriage 3 Children
David Ortiz Arias aka �Big Papi� is a former Dominican American professional baseball player and occasional first baseman. He began his professional career in 1994 playing with the Mariners of the Arizona League and played 20 MLB seasons as a designated hitter with the Boston Red Sox. He was a ten-time All-Star during his 14 seasons with the Red Sox, a three-time World Series champion, and seven-time Silver-Slugger winner.
David Ortiz was born David Américo Ortiz Arias in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, on November 18, 1975. Regarding his nationality, he is Dominican American and ethnicity, he is Black.
Ortiz is the son of Enrique Ortiz and Angela Rosa Arias. During his early years, he was trained by his father who has played baseball in Dominican pro and semipro leagues for several years.
Ortiz is the oldest of four siblings. He attended the Estudia Espaillat High School in the Dominican Republic. At the time, he played for the school's varsity baseball and basketball team and was a standout player.
David Ortiz was signed by the Seattle Mariners on November 28, 1992. He made his professional debut after a couple of years, playing Arizona League for the Mariners. He batted .246 with 2 home runs and 20 RBI in the match. He played for the team until 1996.
Ortiz was traded to the Minnesota Twins as the player to be named after to accomplish an earlier transaction for former third baseman Dave Hollins.
Ortiz made his Major League debut, playing for the Minnesota Twins, on September 2, 1997. He hit his major league for the first time against the Texas Rangers on September 14. He hit his first major league grand slam against Boston Red Sox pitcher Ramon Martinez at Fenway Park, on September 7, 2000.
The year 2002 went very difficult for Ortiz as his mother passed away following a tragic car accident on New Year's Day 2002. He also suffered from many serious knee problems which eventually led to his release by the Twins in December 2002.
Ortiz signed a non-guaranteed free agent contract worth $1.25 million with the Boston Red Sox on January 22, 2003, after he took the news of his release from the Twins. He mostly did pinch-hitting for the team though he sometimes played as a DH.
Ortiz hit his first career postseason home run in Game 1 of the ALCS against the rival New York Yankees. He completed the game with 2 home runs and 6 RBIs including a solo home run in the eighth inning of the decisive Game 7. The match gave the Red Sox a 5-2 lead at the time.
In the 2004 offseason, Red Sox made an agreed with him on a $4.6 million salary for the season though he was eligible for the salary arbitration. Ortiz and his agent had submitted an amount of $5 million but the Red Sox countered with $4.2 million.
Ortiz finished the season hitting 41 home runs and 139 RBIs, batting .301 with an OPS of .983. It also helped him to finish in the American League and led the team to their first World Series championship. He also received his first Silver Slugger award for his mind-blowing performance at Designated Hitter.
Ortiz batted .300 with a career-best 47 home runs, 148 RBIs, 119 runs, and 102 walks for the 2005 season. He led the American League in RBIs to become the second in home runs and third in OPS.
In 2005, Ortiz led the American League in RBIs by finishing second in home runs and third in OPS. Red Sox ownership was presented him with a plaque for all of his late-inning heroics, calling him 'the greatest clutch-hitter in the history of the Boston Red Sox'.
Ortiz became an All-Star and won the Silver Slugger Award for the second consecutive season. At the time, he also received his first Hank Aaron Award for his outstanding performance as a hitter in the American League.
The 2006 season became another banner season for him. Red Sox announced on April 10 that Ortiz signed a four-year contract extension worth $52 million with the team. Ortiz hit his 200th career home run against Duaner Sanchez of the New York Mets at Fenway Park on September 20, 2006.
Ortiz broke Jimmie Foxx's record by hitting his 51st home run off of Johan Santana of the Twins. The home run was his 44th of the season as a DH breaking his own American League single-season record. He also finished third in the American League MVP voting behind Derek Jeter and Justin Morneau.
Ortiz led the Red Sox to their seventh World Series title in 2007. He had 35 home runs and 117 RBIs, placed him in the top 10 in the American League in all three categories. He batted .714 in the Division Series against the Los Angeles Angeles of Anaheim.
In 2008, Ortiz could not play in many of his matches due to a wrist injury. He could only play in 109 games and finished the season with 23 home runs and 89 RBIs while batting .264. He hit only .206 with no home runs and 30 strikeouts in his first 34 games in the 2009 season and couldn't hit his first home run of the season until May 22.
Ortiz hit his 300th career home run against Luke Hochevar of the Kansas City Royals at Fenway Park on July 9, 2009. He finished the season with 28 home runs and 99 RBIs with a .238 average. He also hit his 270th career home run as a DH off Jose Arrendondo of the Los Angeles on September 17, breaking the all-time record held by Frank Thomas.
Ortiz won the Home Run Derby contest in 2010 at the All-Star Game. He concluded the season with 32 home runs, 102 RBIs and batted .270. As a member of the Red Sox, Ortiz became only the fifth player to hit 300 home runs in 2011. He also received the Roberto Clemente Award in the same year.
In the 2012 season, Ortiz hit his 400th career home run at O. co Coliseum in Oakland. He could not do very well in the season due to his right Achilles tendon injury.
In the 2015 season, Ortiz hit his 500th career home runs off Rays pitcher Matt Moore and became only the 27th player in Major League Baseball history to reach that milestone.
On October 26, 2016, MLB announced that Ortiz won his second Hank Aaron Award as the outstanding offensive player in the American League.
David is married to her girlfriend Tiffany Brick. The couple has been married since 2002. The couple is blessed with three children. Ortiz and his wife Tiffany Brick first met in Wisconsin when he played in the Seattle Minor League.
The pair decided to get married after a dating while and tied the knot on November 16, 2002, in a private ceremony. The couple has three children; daughters Jessica and Alexandra, and a son, D'Angelo.
The couple is still together though they faced several ups and downs in their life. The tragic moment came in their relationship when the pair decided for an official separation back in April 2013. He said,
"There are some situations in life that work out for a period of time and at some point, they don't work out anymore and you have to move on. I'm moving on. She's moving on."
However, they decided to give each other one more chance for them and their children. They got back together in June 2014. Currently, they are living happily along with their children and there is no sign of divorce.
Net Worth and Body Measurement
The former professional baseball player stands at the big height of 1.91m (6ft.2inch). He has earned a considerable amount of money from his career and endorsement.
The player's net worth is $55 million, according to celebritynetworth. He has also been recognized for receiving several prestigious awards throughout his career.
Ortiz is a six-time Edger Martinez Award winner as well as five-time Silver Slugger Award winner. The Sporting News announced that he was named the Designated Hitter of the Decade in the year 2009. He was honored the World Series Most Valuable Player award in 2013, for his performance.
Besides, Ortiz has made around $6 million in endorsements, as per some online sources. He made a salary of $16 million and has earned approximately $143.5 million during his major league career.
In an interview with the USA Today, Ortiz revealed that he felt "humiliated" and "embarrassed" at the Red Sox's contract offer of $12.65 million for one season. He told the paper,
"All I was looking for was two years, at the same salary ($12.5 million)."
The Red Sox eventually agreed to a one-year contract of $14.575 million for the 2012 season. During the 2006 season, he signed a four-year contract extension worth $52 million.
Red Sox and Ortiz made an agreement on a two years contract worth $26 million. The contract could push the total value of the deal to $20 million with incentives, in 2012.
Ortiz signed $16 million contract extension for the 2015 season, on March 23, 2014.
Ortiz owns the 3,073-square-foot home worth $3 million. He bought the mansion in April 2013. According to some online sources, he decided to sell the house for $3.2 million in 2015. But, there is no any confirmation that he has sold the property or not.
Ortiz received Ortiz a 2017 Mercedes-AMG S63 from Red Sox Ownership during last season's farewell tour. The luxurious car worth around $164,075. His other cars include Audi r8 v10 plus ($166,150) and Rolls-Royce ($311,900).
Ortiz is also active in charity works. He is the founder of David Ortiz Children's Fund since 2007. The organization supports many different causes and helps children from Boston to the Dominican Republic and beyond.
Ortiz established his own Charity Wine label 'Vintage Papi' in 2008. The charity raised money $150 thousand for the David Ortiz Children's Fund, but as of January 2018, he raised $1.2 million for David Ortiz Children's Fund.
The following year, Ortiz became a brand ambassador for UNICEF Kid Power. He was a brand ambassador Kid Power Champion for a global mission in Burkina at the time.
As per the reports by The New York Times on July 30, 2009, Ortiz fell on the list of 100 major league players who allegedly tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs during Major League Baseball survey testing conducted in spring training of 2003.
But, during the press conference before a game at Yankee Stadium, Ortiz stated that the result must have been due to the supplements and vitamins that he was taking at the time.
Among those factors were that the total number of players said to be on the list far exceeded the number of collected specimens that tested positive. After that, MLB Commissioner Rob Manfred said it was 'entirely possible' Ortiz didn't test positive at a press conference at Fenway Park, on October 2, 2016.
David Ortiz Married
First Marriage with Tiffany Brick
Married date: November, 16, 2002 Married
Tiffany Brick is the wife of famous baseball player David Ortiz. The couple got married in 2002.
David Ortiz Children
DAUGHTER : Jessica Ortiz
Mother: David Ortiz and Tiffany Brick
Jessica Ortiz is the daughter of David Ortiz and Tiffany Brick who was born in 1996.
DAUGHTER : Alexandra Ortiz
Alexandra Ortiz is the daughter of David Ortiz and Tiffany Brick who was born on March 22, 2001.
SON : D'Angelo Ortiz
D'Angelo Ortiz is the son of famous professional baseball player David Ortiz and his wife Tiffani Brick.


Over recent months I've seen a number of questions on the message board regarding whether to use the Web Control Framework in Web Connection or to use the more traditional raw code approach of classic Web Connection. I thought I'd address a few of these issues and compare scenarios in this blog post in no particular order, since I think there's still a lot of confusion about what the Web Control Framework (WCF) is and isn't.
Does Web Connection 5.0 require .NET?
The first question I see over and over again is whether Web Connection 5.0 and the WCF requires .NET. The answer is plain and simple: No. The WCF runs is implemented in pure FoxPro code and all code you write is pure FoxPro code. Web Connection never loads the .NET runtime in your FoxPro server code (unless you loaded explicitly in your code).
I suspect the association with .NET comes through the videos and the Visual Studio 2005/2008 designer support they demonstrate. We optionally support using the Visual Studio designer to layout Web Control Framework pages and the designer support includes a set of .NET controls to provide the design time experience in Visual Studio and an Add-in that provides bringing up FoxPro code easily from within the Visual Studio designer. Visual Studio is optional. The page markup used in the WCF is pure text and any text editor can be used to design layouts. However, without Visual Studio you cannot preview your layout unless you run the pages and you don't get the benefit the property sheet and Intellisense which greatly help in discovering what features are available on the built-in controls.
To reiterate – your running applications don't require .NET to run Web Connection 5.0.
The Web Control Framework (WCF) offers a host of new features including an ASP.NET like page model that allows you to easily compose complex pages and have the framework manage page content for you. Because the control framework manages the rendering of controls on the page for the most part, your code generally doesn't have to deal with updating various page components and managing their state explcitly as pages 'remember' this state on their own.
To put this in perspective with 'classic' Web Connection imagine you have a page that includes several input areas on a single page. With classic Web Connection you'd have to ensure that all data is updated on each of these input areas by explicitly assigning and if necesary converting data for display purposes. When one of the entry areas would submit you'd have to specifically test for that submission – typically by checking for a specific button having been pressed ( Request.IsFormVar("btnEmailUs") ) and then using some sort of switching logic like a CASE statement to handle each of the actions on the page. That alone adds up to a fair bit of code, but now imagine on top of this that you also need to set a variety of attributes on these form areas – enable/disable entry controls or entire areas, and it was quite easy to end up with a large amount of code and template (if using templates for rendering) logic to make the UI behave.
The Web Control framework removes the need for many of these types of behaviors because you have a Page and Control model that allows addressing of components in the page. Most of this can be done in the context of code without having to worry about HTML semantics.
And that's not even taking into account more complex controls like checkboxes and radio buttons which use funky logic to determine their value state.
and from then on the control property is automatically set to its last value on the next post operation. All property settings can be made either in code as above or declaratively in the page markup.
The HTML text representation allows setting any of the control properties in the markup declaratively, and when optionally using Visual Studio you get full designer support for the controls so you can visually arrange them.
The key for developers though is you can manipulate these markup generated controls in FoxPro page code in the page's code behind that is running pure FoxPro code. For example if I add a button with a Click event handler that fires this code to update the date picker.
Obviously this is a very simple scenario, but it demonstrates that you can access any of the controls on the page in your FoxPro code. Unlike templates and scripts which were more like a static snapshot of the page state when rendering occurs, WCF pages are very dynamic with live objects that you can reference and manipulate both in markup and via FoxPro code on the server.
The combination of designer support in Visual Studio, declarative markup, easy code based access to control, event routing and complex encapsulated rendering of the controls make it considerably easier to use Web Control Framework pages to build anything but the most trivial interfaces.
There's of course much more to what the Web Control Framework can do for your page logic, but these few simple features alone make it much easier to create complex page layouts quickly and write logic to interact with that page layout the latter of which was simply not possible before. Once rendered classic pages were done. You had to render top down – out of sequence access was very difficult to deal with. The Web Control framework handles rendering for you so you can get your page state set up in code by manipulating control properties at any point. Order no longer matters – you can change a header element after you've changed the footer for example. Controlled rendering and access to any control on the page make it easy to manipulate page content easily.
Can I run classic Web Connection Process Methods?
One thing to understand about Web Connection 5.0 is that it supports both the raw code and templating approach as well as the new Web Control Framework. In fact, based on several messages on the message board recently, Web Connection and even mix and match both in the context of a single wwProcess class.
As in previous versions of Web Connection the wwProcess class and your subclassed implementations of it still work as they always have even when you are set up for running the Web Control Framework. wwProcess now as in previous versions FIRST routes to your wwProcess class methods if they exist.
So if you want to implement a page using raw code or using Response.ExpandTemplate() even in an application set up for the Web Control Framework you can do that. Assuming you have a .wcScript extension set up in your application you can have a method called HelloWorld in your process class, which will get called with Helloworld.wcScript. If you then have a TestPage.wcScript Web Control Framework page on disk the script page will execute instead.
The routing logic first looks for a method that matches the URL script name, and if that's not found goes out to disk and tries to find the script page to execute using the Web Control Framewokr.
What this means is that you can easily mix and match both new style Web Control Framework pages and old style raw code or templating approaches and so can gradually add support the new functionality to existing applications.
What's not to like about the Web Control Framework?
The Web Control Framework is new and it's very different from classic Web Connection code and I think uptake from existing developers has been relatively slow. That's understandable: There's an initial learning curve, especially if you are used to template or pure code based development and when first confronted with this new object model you realize you'll have to know a little bit about the available controls and properties available on each.
I think the short learning curve is well worth the effort because it can drastically improve your productivity and maybe even more so opens up whole new vistas of what you can accomplish with a Web interface that was just too tedious to do with template code. This is especially true if you use Visual Studio, which goes a long way to help you discover what controls and properties on those controls are available.
But there are some downsides to consider with the Web Control Framework. The most important one is that it is more resource intensive than raw code or templates. Request processing involves creation of lots of objects in memory and this has an effect both on memory usage and performance. Compared to classic applications Web Control pages will likely be slower, although a lot of that overhead can be made up with new faster and faster hardware, given that we're talking about code execution here.
Some people also have expressed worries about the Web Control framework not giving you full control over HTML markup. While it's true that the framework handles HTML rendering as part of the controls it provides and so controls what gets output for each control, most of the controls provide a rich member interface to finely tune the output generated.
And if all else fails you can still use Web Control pages and embed your own HTML into the page. The pages are effectively templates as well and you can certainly place any static HTML (or code generated HTML via <%= %> tags or the wwWebLiteral control) into the page. In other words you're not losing anything over what templates could in classic Web Connection. If you want the control to create manually optimized HTML you can still do this!!!
Finally the WCF allows you as the developer to create your own controls that DO EXACTLY WHAT YOU WANT. The same mechanism we use to build the framework controls is available to you as the developer. Again this opens up lots of opportunities for customization and reusability that simply weren't available before.
You can mix WCF and Process Methods!
One key thing to remember too is that if you have a request that requires the utmost performance because it's very frequently accessed or because it generates a huge amount of data, you can always create a single method in your process class that handles that particular request. The rest of your application can run with WCF pages but a few requests that need to be maximized for performance can be run as template or raw code. Process methods also work best for non-visual output, like image retrieval, XML generation or RSS Feed generation. While these things can also be done with WCF pages, there is usually no benefit in doing so and Process methods will work just fine for these 'transactional' operations and provide better performance.
Another somewhat complex process is management of WCF code behind pages. Because each page creates a PRG file and class that is dynamically invoked, WCF pages have to be manually added into a FoxPro project. It's easy to forget a page actually and find out on a live site that you are missing a page. Been there done that. There are actually several page deployment options you can choose which include embedding the pages into a project or distributing PRG/FXP files with your application.
The key thing to remember is that Web Connection compiles WCF pages into code entirely so each page – static text, controls and your code – end up in classes. This means modifying markup or code after compilation is not directly possible in a live environment. The smallest change in HTML requires a recompilation of at least that page or in the case of project embedded pages the entire project.
This is definitely a change from classic Web Connection operation where templates could easily be updated without any sort of code updates. However, I think this can actually be seen as advantageous – it can be rather liberating to have all code and markup compiled into a single executable that can be updated at once. One advantage of this approach is that you don't have to hunt down the script pages that have changed on the server – instead you can make your changes in development, compile and upload to the server and you're done.
WCF pages must still exist on disk in order for IIS and Web Connection to be able to find them, but in precompiled mode, Web Connection doesn't actually read these files so the content in them is actually irrelevant. As changes are made to markup the server page don't have to be updated.
Web Connection 5.0 is a flexible framework and you have choices of how you can build your Web Applications. We provide functionality to do raw low level Http output via process methods and raw Response.Write() code, mid level templating and scripting through Response.ExpandTemplate() and Response.ExpandScript() and we provide the high level Web Control Framework. The base framework is used for all of these higher level implementations and the design is meant on purpose to make it easy to build applications in the way that you feel comfortable.
All that being said I do believe that for HTML based front ends the Web Control Framework is easily the most powerful and productive approach for creating HTML interfaces. There's a learning curve yes, but a few hours up front will probably save you a few hours on the first complex form you create. And remember you can always fall back to the raw process method code approach if necessary or mix and match with existing applications that use this approach.
If you are a Web Connection user and you're on the fence about the Web Control Framework I would encourage you to check it out.