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#BookReview: Americanah - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
I began stalking her publisher back in October when I learned that a new book by Adichie was coming out in May. Seriously, I checked her publisher's list of available ARCs daily. Then came the day in February that it was finally available. I downloaded quickly, started reading it and stopped. It was good, really good, but I was afraid to read it too quickly because once I was done with it, I knew it would be another three years or so before I got another book from her. So I read it slowly over three months and savored every word in it.
Adichie's books are long, not in an agonizing, I can't wait for this book to be over way, but in such a way that you almost feel as if you're getting two books for the price of one. She has a lot to say and a lot to cover and Americanah is no exception.
First there's the complicated relationship with Obinze, the love of her life, who she calls Ceiling because when she was with him, "My eyes were open, but I didn't not see the ceiling." With him, Ifemelu feels natural, more like herself than when she's with anyone else. And I feel like Obinze feels the same way about her. At one point he notes that while his wife takes pleasure in being mistaken for being biracial, Ifemelu takes pleasure in her natural hair. As we follow the course of Obinze and Ifemelu's relationship from Nigeria to England and the U.S., you want to root for them, but at the same time, it's interesting to watch how poorly they fare when separated in comparison to how well they do together.
Adichie also explores how the stress of immigrating to another country can take a toll on a person. We see it in Ifemelu's Aunt Uju, her cousin Dike, Obinze and in Ifemelu, herself. Bit by bit, each of them loses a little bit of their soul as they attempt to fit in and find their place in their new countries. Even Dike, who immigrated as a small child and is more Americanized than Uju and Ifemelu, has difficulty adjusting in the long run.
To me, the most fascinating parts of the book reflect on race in America. Adichie makes a point that I never really gave any thought. She talks about how in Nigeria, people don't seem themselves as black because everyone is black. There is no room for otherization when everyone looks like you. It wasn't until arriving in America that she became black.
Approaching the discussion of race as a non-American black is eye opening because the history of race in the U.S. and the baggage it brings does not belong to them. On the flip side, because they do not have that baggage, Ifemelu notes the things they should be offended by, but aren't, because they have no idea why they should be (e.g., watermelon/fried chicken comments, tar baby, strong black woman, etc.). Through Ifemelu's blog, Raceteenth or Various Observations About American Blacks (Those Formerly Known as Negroes), and her interactions with classmates, friends and acquaintances, Adichie hits on some aha moments and quite a few ouch points. Highlights include those that are quick to claim Indian heritage and the preference of some men for "exotic" women. Non-American blacks aren't let off the hook either as Ifemelu points out in a blog post about how they sometimes are quick to point out that they're not black, claiming instead their country or island, as in "I'm not black, I'm Jamaican." Ifemelu notes that they say this because they know black is at the bottom of America's race ladder and they want no parts of it. If there was a racial draft, blacks would be the Charlie Brown of the bunch.
Adichie places Ifemelu in three relationships (with fellow Nigerian, Obinze; white American, Curt; and black American, Blaine), highlighting the difficulties in intercultural, interracial, interclass relationships. It would seem that the intercultural differences were the biggest factor to overcome and that plays out in her relationship with Blaine that takes place leading up the election of President Obama. Again, Ifemelu doesn't have the history and baggage of being black in America. And though she can understand and is excited about the possibility of Obama being elected, and it temporarily reignites their relationship, there's a wedge driven between her and Blaine when she fails to participate in campus rallies leading up to the election; instead seeking out other non-American blacks. Does Adichie point out these differences to say people of different cultures, races or classes shouldn't mix? No, but I think she's far most realistic about how difficult it can be to overcome the challenges that come with it.
So, long book, a lot of ground to cover, but it's so worth it. For those that have read Purple Hibiscus or Half of A Yellow Sun, this is not that. This is something a little different, but just as eye opening as anything else Adichie has written or spoken about. Take your time and savor it.
Disclaimer: Copy of book received from publisher, opinions are my own.
Theme: Yori Yori by Bracket
Labels: Americanah , Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie , immigration , London , Nigeria , starting over
I'm at BEA & You're Not
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New York Bound for BEA!
A Reader & Her Favorite Librarian...A Love Story


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Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Зве́рев (род. 7 ноября 1989 года, , СССР) — российский легкоатлет (спринтерский и эстафетный бег). Серебряный призёр летних Паралимпийских игр 2012 года в Лондоне, многократный чемпион мира, чемпион Европы. Заслуженный мастер спорта России.

Биография
Начал тренироваться под руководством Сергея Петровича Назарова, затем перешёл к Виктору Тимофеевичу Слободчикову.

Награды
 Медаль ордена «За заслуги перед Отечеством» II степени (10 сентября 2012 года) — за большой вклад в развитие физической культуры и спорта, высокие спортивные достижения на XIV Паралимпийских летних играх 2012 года в городе Лондоне (Великобритания).
 Заслуженный мастер спорта России (2012).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Александр Зверев — профиль на сайте Международного паралимпийского комитета.

Бегуны на короткие дистанции России
Серебряные призёры летних Паралимпийских игр 2012 года
Легкоатлеты на летних Паралимпийских играх 2012 года
Легкоатлеты на летних Паралимпийских играх 2008 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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foreign income & taxpayers
FATCA Prop. Regs. Amended to Extend Various Deadlines
The IRS is delaying various FATCA-related deadlines because it has received feedback that complying with the original deadlines and other requirements is proving to be impractical for some taxpayers (Announcement 2012-42). The announced changes modify the 388-page proposed regulations issued in February related to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) (REG-121647-10, see "Proposed FATCA Regs. Take Comprehensive Approach"). The announcement changes the due-diligence timelines, the withholding and documentation timelines, the date the first information reports are due, and the date gross proceeds will produce a withholdable payment. It also clarifies the scope of grandfathered obligations by expanding the items included as grandfathered.
The first change to the due-diligence timelines is to the date an obligation will be considered a "preexisting obligation" that is not subject to FATCA withholding. The announcement amends Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-1(b)(48) to change the requirement that a preexisting obligation for a withholding agent means any account, instrument, or contract maintained or executed by the withholding agent as of Jan. 1, 2014 (instead of 2013). For participating FFIs (foreign financial institutions that enter into withholding agreements with the IRS) and deemed-compliant FFIs (foreign financial institutions that do not have to enter into IRS agreements), the date is also changed so that the rules will not apply before Jan. 1, 2014.
The announcement also amends the transition rules for completing due diligence on existing obligations. Under the new rule, Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-2(a)(4)(ii) will provide that a withholding agent will not be required to withhold on payments made to a prima facie FFI (payees that have indications of being FFIs) for a preexisting obligation prior to July 1, 2014, unless the withholding agent has documentation establishing that the payee is a nonparticipating FFI. A similar rule delays the date participating FFIs must determine the status of a prima facie FFI.
Another delayed implementation date relates to Prop. Regs. Secs. 1.1471-2(a)(4)(ii) and 1.1472-1(b). The date by which a withholding agent will be required to document payees that are entities other than prima facie FFIs is delayed to Dec. 15, 2015. A participating FFI will be required to perform the requisite identification procedures and obtain the appropriate documentation to determine whether an entity, other than a prima facie FFI, is itself a participating FFI by the later of Dec. 31, 2015, or the date that is two years after the effective date of its FFI agreement.
The rule in Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-5(g)(3)(i)(B) is modified to provide that a participating FFI must treat any preexisting account that is a high-value account as held by a recalcitrant account holder unless the participating FFI has performed the requisite identification procedures and obtained the appropriate documentation by the later of Dec. 31, 2014, or the date that is one year after the effective date of the FFI's FFI agreement. The rule set forth in Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-5(g)(3)(i)(A) is modified to provide that after Dec. 31, 2015, a participating FFI must treat any preexisting individual account, other than a high-value account, as held by a recalcitrant account holder unless the participating FFI has performed the requisite identification procedures and obtained the appropriate documentation.
Under the announcement, the due date for the first information report a participating FFI must file for 2013 and 2014 is not later than March 31, 2015, modifying the rule in Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-4(d)(7)(v)(B). The date after which gross proceeds must be withheld from a sale or other disposition that would produce U.S.-source income is extended to Dec. 31, 2016 (Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1473-1(a)(1)(ii)).
The final change to the proposed regulations expands the definition of grandfathered obligation to include (1) any obligation that could produce a foreign passthrough payment; (2) any instrument that would give rise to a withholdable payment solely because Sec. 871(m) gives rise to a dividend equivalent; and (3) any payment with respect to, or to repay collateral posted to secure, a notional principal contract (Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1471-2(b)(2)).
The IRS says it will incorporate the changes announced on Wednesday into the final regulations when they are released, which is when the proposed changes will become effective.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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MW3 – Revamped Leveling Curve, Guns Have More Recoil, P2P Best Solution, and more
Fahed Jaradat 11
Robert Bowling, Infinity Ward's Creative Strategist, has revealed a ton of information about Modern Warfare 3's multiplayer.
Leveling Curve
As in previous iterations (except for Black Ops), Modern Warfare 3 has upped the level count for prestige. Now, you have to go through 80 levels in order to prestige. One fan asked Bowling why MW3 has hit 80 levels, to which Robert answered, "We've rebalanced the leveling curve (not a grind at the end now) and this helps with that. Higher but smoother." So, don't let the number throw you off; they've changed the leveling up curve to be flatter. Here's the history of level counts in the Call of Duty series:
55 levels in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 4
65 levels in Call of Duty: World at War
70 levels in Modern Warfare 2
50 levels in Black Ops (but 15 levels of prestige, instead of 10)
Let's Talk Guns
If you noticed in our gun lists, primaries and secondaries, we didn't include the stat bars because we were told that they weren't final. Robert confirmed that when he stated "the stat bars were not correct in the CODXP build." He went on clarify that "we're constantly rebalancing and changing and don't set those till last." Recently, we reported that the ACR was the most popular gun throughout COD XP. Interestingly, Robert Bowling's professed his love to the gun by saying "Yes, the ACR 6.8 is one of my favorite guns in MW3." We, here at MP1st, thought that the ACR was a tad too forgiving on recoil in MW2, but Robert reassured that weapons in Modern Warfare 3 have "more kick and recoil than before. There are also Weapon Proficiencies that help you specialize and reduce that." Click here to check the complete list of proficiencies along with an explanation of each. I don't know about you, but I liked being able to customize my weapon's reticle. You might be glad to hear that "there are [in MW3] a number of reticles to choose from as you rank up each individual weapon." Speaking of color options, you'll be happy to know that "there is a Color Blind Assist option in multiplayer to help you out."
For those of you who are hoping to get dedicated servers on consoles, Robert Clarified "Matchmaking and Dedicated servers on PC. Only P2P matchmaking on consoles." However, the reason why consoles aren't getting dedicated servers is "because there are 30 million people who play it. P2P is the best solution for the time being." I guess we are stuck with P2P for another year, but on a brighter note, "[Matchmaking] is not the same as Black Ops. Lots of improvements went in for party + local searches."
For those of you who are looking forward to the Spec-Ops, please read MW3 Spec Ops and The Importance of Self-Revive.
Be sure to follow @MPFirst on twitter for all of your Modern Warfare 3 desires!
Fahed Jaradat
Senior Editor and Co-Founder. Multiplayer runs in my blood. Don't believe me? Ask for a sample!
News "Modern Warfare 3 ACR", 360, Bowling, Call of Duty, Modern Warfare 3, MP1st, MW3, PC, Playstation 3, PS3, Robert, Robert Bowling, Xbox, Xbox 360
Battlefield 1 New Operation Campaign Released, Campaign Issue Sorted


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Drug addicts beware, deadly heroin showing up in Nassau County
Yulee, Fla. – Over the past three years, since Sheriff Bill Leeper has been in office, undercover Nassau County Sheriff's Office Narcotics Detectives have been busy arresting individuals for selling marijuana, cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, and prescription medication. In fact, hundreds of drug dealers have been arrested, taken off the streets, and are serving time in jail as a result of their efforts. But now narcotic detectives can add heroin to the mix.
"Until recently, Nassau County has largely dodged the return of heroin across the United States and throughout the state of Florida, but it appears the drug is becoming more prevalent in our area," said Sheriff Bill Leeper. In fact, according to Leeper, the opiate-based street drug is possibly to blame for three overdose deaths and two near-death overdoses in Nassau County over the past two weeks (since February 17, 2016). The three deaths occurred in Fernandina Beach, Callahan, and Hilliard. The two near-deaths occurred in Callahan.
Heroin-related deaths can be detected by looking at the number of deaths in a wider area, Leeper said. He noted that several counties around Nassau and across Florida are also seeing an increase in heroin overdose deaths.
Leeper believes the Nassau County heroin deaths is linked to the quality of the heroin that is now reaching local streets, and whether it's mixed with other drugs. Investigators have frequently seen heroin mixed with fentanyl, an opioid medication often used to treat chronic pain. It is used as a "booster sedative," making up for the typical low potency of heroin smuggled into the United States from Mexico.
Leeper said it appears that the purity level of the heroin on the streets now has increased significantly and it's deadly. "What you took yesterday may not be the same thing you're taking today, and it may kill you," Leeper said. "It's like playing Russian roulette. If you want to go and shoot up heroin, it may be the last time that you ever shoot up heroin," Leeper added.
Often, those hooked on opiate painkillers will switch to heroin because it is much cheaper than pills per hit once heroin is established in an area, or if the user no longer has easy access to the prescriptions. One of the unknowns about heroin is that there is no way to determine how potent it is until it is taken, often intravenously. That makes catastrophic overdoses a real possibility with each use. "Some addicts overdose not knowing what they bought on the streets, while others try it knowingly in an attempt to get an increasingly better high," said Leeper
Law enforcement officers say they see a direct tie between heroin use and abuse of prescription painkillers like Oxycodone. Patients become hooked on these prescribed medications, then go in search of supplies on the black market when their prescriptions run out. On the street, heroin costs about $10 for a fix.
Tackling demand involves finding treatment for more users and pushing for alternative drug courts, which focus on providing help for addicts who commit crimes rather than sending them through the regular criminal justice system.
Sheriff Leeper said he is trying to raise awareness about the epidemic and call attention to the warning signs. Those can include track marks or sores on arms or legs, weight loss or other changes in appearance, or sudden crimes, like stealing or prostitution. Users also often have drug paraphernalia with them, like syringes or small plastic bags. If you suspect a loved one is using heroin, Leeper said do whatever you can to get that person into treatment or rehab.
"If you are a drug dealer, we are coming after you. If you are a drug addict, you need to know there are some bad drugs on the street right now and the next 911 call we get could be as a result of your death. If you need help in getting off these deadly drugs, please call us and we will get you in touch with local organizations who can assist, but you truly have to want to get help," Leeper concluded.
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Lara is a senior engineering manager for the online marketplace Etsy, where she writes code and helps others write code to make Etsy's website faster for people all over the world. She enjoys knowing that what she does helps people, and she is happy to be with a company that works to be a force for good. But she knows that as a whole, the technology industry is a tough place for women.
At conferences, even as a keynote speaker, she would get feedback on her looks and tone of voice, not her content. Attendees would ask, "Whose girlfriend are you?" or "Are you a marketer?" instead of what she was working on. She got similar comments at work events, where the spouses of her co-workers assumed that she was another spouse instead of an employee. At a previous employer, the nursing room for female employees became a secret "daddy's room" for client meetings, complete with scotch and whiskey.
Lara's experiences and the forthcoming research report Solving the Equation: The Variables for Women's Success in Engineering and Computing highlight the importance of good management practices for women's persistence in technology and engineering workplaces. When Lara moved to Etsy, it made all the difference.
Etsy is a certified B corporation, and holds that business interests and social and environmental responsibility are interwoven and aligned. In contrast to one of Lara's previous employers, where a group of women (including Lara) were publicly berated after they proposed changes to the firm's parental leave policy, Etsy's CEO modeled his commitment to work-life balance by taking all five weeks of his parental leave. Lara points to Etsy's support in letting her take on initiatives that she cares about, as well as "a really fantastic group of managers that are good at being managers," as two of the things that make Etsy a good place for her.
In addition, the larger tech culture is still a problem. "Just because Etsy is an awesome place to work doesn't mean that we can escape the rest of the industry's terribleness," Lara says. Although her work experience has improved, she is still dealing with sexism at conferences and online, two spaces that are crucial to her networking and career development.
Things outside her own workplace still affect her and her colleagues. "Last fall when I was reading stories of other misogyny elsewhere in tech, when I was reading about Gamergate, when I was reading about my friends' lived experiences, it really had an effect on me. I was exhausted all the time, I was having nightmares, and I started to talk with other women I worked with, and they shared that the same thing was happening to them." They too felt drained by the discrimination and harassment, even though they weren't experiencing it directly.
Her commitment to advocacy also means that she is aware of the problems still facing women in tech, and that she feels a sense of responsibility to try to address them. "I think we would like to think that things are getting better, but what I think is actually happening is that we're getting better at having a dialogue, and that is probably going to enact great change, but for right now I haven't really seen it. For example, we talk about women getting more visibility in tech, and then you realize that that's true for white women, and it's not true for women of color," Lara says.
This post was written by Research Intern Jean DeOrnellas.
Obviously not. But if we want to start seeing more women in computer science, we need to pay attention to what's happening in high schools.
AAUW's research report, Solving the Equation: The Variables for Women's Success in Engineering and Computing, features the latest data on girls' achievement in subjects related to engineering and computing.
Najla, a young woman of color, prepares to enter the computer science workforce.


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\section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}

Particulate media like dry granular materials and suspensions are ubiquitous in geophysical and industrial flows \cite{andreotti2013granular}. Yet, understanding their flowing behavior still remains an important challenge, especially for very concentrated media where these materials can jam and exhibit a liquid to solid transition. For long, dry granular materials and dense suspensions were studied separately and described with very different frameworks as in suspensions, hydrodynamic interactions were believed to prevent physical contacts between particles \cite{mewis2012colloidal}. However, this view is changing as a growing body of evidence now shows that solid contacts and interparticle friction play a major role \cite{guazzelli2018rheology}, controlling for instance the packing fraction and the shear-to-normal stress ratio at which suspensions jam \cite{boyer2011unifying}, the scaling law of the suspension viscosity near jamming \cite{degiuli2015unified} or the dramatic shear-thickening observed in colloidal suspensions when particles interact through an additional short-range repulsive force  \cite{mari2014shear,wyart2014discontinuous,Clavaud2017}.  As a result, a unified description of dry granular flows and dense suspensions has emerged over recent years,  based on a frictional rheology and a pressure-imposed framework \cite{boyer2011unifying,degiuli2015unified,guy2015towards,wang2015constant}.

This analogy between dry granular materials and suspensions has so far mainly focused on their steady flowing behavior. Much less is known about whether such an analogy can be made for the transition between the static and the flowing regimes.  A major feature of the solid to liquid transition in dry granular materials is its hysteretic nature \cite{forterre2008flows}.  When a static granular material is loaded under an imposed shear stress, the level of stress required to trigger the flow is larger than the critical stress below which the flow stops. In gravity-driven flows, like heap flows or flows down inclined planes, this implies that flow starts at an angle $\theta_{\rm start}$ larger than that at which it stops $\theta_{\rm stop}$ \cite{carrigy1970experiments,daerr1999two,pouliquen2002friction}. Since in landslides, the mobilized mass closely relates to the difference between the starting and stopping angles, such hysteretical behavior plays an important role in catastrophic geophysical events. Moreover, when the flow starts at an angle above the stopping threshold, the avalanche quickly accelerates to a finite velocity, eventually causing catastrophic failure. Such velocity-weakening dynamics is observed in many contexts from solid friction \cite{baumberger2006solid} to rupture of granular gouges \cite{leeman2016laboratory} and large landslides \cite{lucas2014frictional}.  Interestingly, catastrophic landslides are also observed for immersed sediments \cite{hampton1996submarine}, where they are recognized as a potential source of tsunamis \cite{Lee2005, lovholt2017}. In such a context, it appears particularly important to know whether the hysteresis observed for dry granular avalanches also occurs when particles are immersed in a fluid and through this question, address whether here too, the solid to liquid transition in dry granular flows and dense suspensions presents similarities.

The origin of hysteresis in particulate media is still debated but several theoretical approaches have put forward inertia as a key ingredient of the mechanism \cite{quartier2000dynamics,DeGiuliPNAS}. For long, this view was supported by the pioneering experiments of Courrech du Pont et al \cite{Courrech}. They studied aerial and submarine granular avalanches in slowly rotating drums using different particle sizes and fluid viscosities. For large inertia characterized by the Stokes numbers  ${\rm St}=\sqrt{\rho_p\Delta \rho gd^3}/18\eta$, where $\rho_p$ is the particle density, $\Delta \rho=\rho_p-\rho_f$ the density difference between the particles and the fluid, $d$ the particle diameter, $g$ the gravity and $\eta$ the fluid viscosity, they reported a large and roughly constant hysteresis of the avalanche angle. However, below a critical Stokes number, hysteresis was shown to  decrease as inertia decreased in the system, suggesting that no hysteresis occurs in fully overdamped suspensions.

In this article,  we study the avalanches dynamics of non-Brownian granular suspensions in rotating drums for Stokes numbers much smaller than those studied in \cite{Courrech}. Surprisingly, we find a large hysteresis of the avalanche angle even when inertia is negligible. Using a suspension of silica micro-beads where interparticle friction can be turned on or off by screening their short-range repulsive force, we show that microscopic friction is essential to trigger hysteretic avalanches. Finally, examination of the avalanche dynamics allows us to extract the effective frictional rheology of the suspensions. This analysis shows that the hysteresis observed with frictional suspensions arises from a non-monotonic effective friction law with a velocity-weakening regime close to the flow onset. By contrast, in frictionless suspensions, the flow rule is monotonous. Overall, our work reveals the existence of hysteresis and of a velocity-weakening rheology in overdamped frictional suspensions, further unifying the flowing properties of dry granular flows and dense suspensions. Our results show that inertia is not required to observe large hysteresis in granular suspensions but that interparticle friction is key, questioning the  origin of hysteresis in particulate media.

\section{\label{sec:level2}Results}
\subsection{Evidence of hysteresis in overdamped suspensions}

We first examine the behavior of an immersed granular pile of large glass particles ($d\approx 500\;\rm{\mu m}$) using the classic rotating drum configuration (see Fig. \ref{Fig1}\textit{A,B} and Appendix A: Materials and Methods). By imposing a slow and constant rotation rate $\omega$, the non-buoyant grains at the surface of the pile flow under their own weight forming an avalanche of angle $\theta$ on top of a region experiencing a rigid rotation with the drum. At low enough rotation rate, the avalanche dynamics is found to be unsteady, grains being either at rest or flowing. As shown in Fig. \ref{Fig1}\textit{C}, when the grains stand still, the pile angle $\theta$ increases at the rate $\omega$ set by the rotation rate of the drum. When the pile angle reaches $\theta_{\rm start}$, an avalanche is spontaneously triggered inducing a rapid downward surface flow of the grains: the pile angle decreases until it reaches $\theta_{\rm stop}<\theta_{\rm start}$. From there, subsequent cycles repeat on and on.  The resulting saw-tooth shape of the pile angle versus time is the phenomenological signature of hysteresis \cite{Courrech,forterre2008flows}. Its typical magnitude can be appreciated in Fig. \ref{Fig1}\textit{D} showing the difference between two images taken prior to and shortly after an avalanche. Note that this hysteresis does not arise from a specific preparation protocol or pre-compaction of the granular pile.

The above phenomenology has been widely observed for inertial granular flows, both for aerial avalanches and for large grains immersed in low viscosity fluids \cite{allen1970,jaeger1989relaxation,rajchenbach1990,caponeri1995dynamics,Courrech}.  In agreement with \cite{Courrech}, we find that for grains immersed in water ($St= 4$), the hysteresis amplitude $\Delta \theta = \theta_{\rm start}-\theta_{\rm stop} \approx 1^\circ$ (see Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig5} for comparison with Courrech du Pont et al data). However, in a much more viscous mixture of water and Ucon oil ($St= 6\times 10^{-2}$), the hysteresis amplitude $\Delta \theta \approx 4^\circ$ is significantly larger. This observation conflicts with the idea that hysteresis should vanish in fully overdamped suspensions \cite{Courrech}.   It also suggests that the Stokes number, which compares inertia to viscous effects, is not  the sole parameter that controls  the amplitude of hysteretic avalanches  in immersed granular media.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{fig1.pdf}
\caption{Evidence of hysteresis in over-damped granular suspensions: (\textit{A}) Sketch of the experimental set-up. (\textit{B}) Picture of the large frictional glass beads ($d=490\pm 70\;\rm{\mu m}$, $\rho_p=2500\;$kg.m$^{-3}$). (\textit{C}) Angle of avalanche $\theta$ versus time for large glass beads immersed in pure water ($St= 4$) or in a mixture of water and Ucon oil ($St= 6\times 10^{-2}$); the rotation rate of the drum is $\omega = 5\times10^{-3}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$. (\textit{D}) Difference between two images taken just prior to and after an avalanche event.}
\label{Fig1}
\vspace{-1em}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Probing hysteresis by tuning microscopic friction}

\begin{figure*}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{fig2.pdf}
\caption{Interparticle friction triggers hysteretic avalanches: (\textit{A}) Picture of the silica particles ($d=23.46 \pm 1.06\;\rm{\mu m}$, $\rho_p=1850\;$kg.m$^{-3}$, $St =2 \times10^{-2}$). (\textit{B}) Schematic depicting how interparticle friction is tuned by varying the solvent ionic concentration. (\textit{C}) Time averaged avalanche angle $\bar{\theta}$ versus ionic concentration $[\rm{NaCl}]$. (\textit{D}) Avalanche angle $\theta$ versus time for frictionless (black) and frictional (green) particles. (\textit{E}) Mean hysteresis amplitude $\bar{\Delta \theta}$ (averaged over 15 avalanches) versus salt concentrations. Square markers correspond to experiments performed with a water/glycerol mixture ($St \!= \! 2\times10^{-3}$). All measurements were performed for $\omega \!=\!10^{-3}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$ except for the water/glycerol mixture where $\omega\!=\!10^{-4}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$. }
\label{Fig2}
\vspace{-1em}
\end{figure*}

Besides inertia, a key ingredient put forward in the literature to account for the emergence of hysteresis   is the interparticle friction \cite{PeyneauRoux2008,DeGiuliPNAS}. To investigate the effect of this parameter, we use a suspension composed of non-Brownian silica particles ($d\approx 24\;\rm{ \mu m}$) (Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{A}) which, as we have recently shown \cite{Clavaud2017}, allows the control of the interparticle friction forces (Appendix A: Materials and Methods). When immersed in water, silica particles spontaneously develop negative surface charges, which generate an electrostatic repulsive force between the grains \cite{Israelachvili2011Book}.  This force, under low confining stress (here set by the weight of the flowing granular layer), prevents the particles from making solid contact because the range of the repulsive force, i.e., the Debye length $\lambda_D$, is larger than the particle roughness (Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{B} top); in this case the particles behave as if they were frictionless. Conversely, interparticle friction can be turned on simply by dissolving electrolytes (NaCl here) in water, which screens the surface charges. This decreases $\lambda_D$ which eventually becomes smaller than the particle roughness (Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{B} bottom); solid frictional contact between particles is thereby activated above a critical ionic concentration.

This transition between frictionless and frictional particles is illustrated  in Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{C} showing the evolution of the quasi-static mean pile avalanche angle $\bar\theta$ as a function of the ionic concentration. For low salt concentration, [NaCl]$< 10^{-3}$ mol.L$^{-1}$, the mean avalanche angle is very small, $\bar \theta\approx 6^{\circ}$, a value remarkably close to that obtained numerically for ideal frictionless spheres, $\theta= 5.76^{\circ}$ \cite{PeyneauRoux2008}. Conversely, when further increasing the salt concentration, particles start making solid contact therefore involving friction in the avalanche dynamics: the avalanche angle increases to reach $\bar \theta\approx 22^{\circ}$ at large salt concentrations, a value typical for frictional grains \cite{Courrech,forterre2008flows}.

The most important finding here is that the interparticle friction not only affects the mean avalanche angle but also the hysteretical nature of the flow (Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{D}). When particles interact through frictional contacts (large ionic concentration [NaCl]$=10^{-1}$ mol.L$^{-1}$), one observes large hysteretic avalanches (with a saw-tooth shape) similar to those obtained previously with the macroscopic beads immersed in a viscous mixture (Fig. \ref{Fig1}\textit{C}). By contrast, when interparticle friction is turned off (low ionic concentration [NaCl]$=10^{-6}$ mol.L$^{-1}$), hysteresis completely disappears. Grains at the surface of the pile then flow steadily at a fixed avalanche angle. The measure of the amplitude of the hysteresis $\Delta \theta=\theta_{\rm start}-\theta_{\rm stop}$ for various ionic concentrations confirms that hysteresis relies on the presence of interparticle friction (Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{E}). No hysteresis is observed as long as interparticle friction is turned off ([NaCl]$< 10^{-3}$ mol.L$^{-1}$), while large hysteresis appears when the suspension becomes frictional ([NaCl]$> 10^{-2}$ mol.L$^{-1}$), with an amplitude that increases with the salt concentration. Importantly, the Stokes number for all these experiments is very small ($St = 2\times10^{-2}$) and identical.  Yet, the frictional suspensions exhibit hysteresis while the frictional suspensions do not. This result confirms that inertia is not necessary to observe hysteresis  in granular suspensions, while interparticle friction is (see also Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig5}).

It is worth noting that in our system the emergence of hysteresis cannot be attributed to adhesive forces between particles. Firstly, for all ionic concentrations, avalanche angles have a constant slope from the top to the bottom of the avalanche, unlike adhesive powders. Secondly, supplementary experiments where performed in a $36/64\%$ water/glycerol mixture in order to match, down to the second digit, the index of refraction of the suspending fluid to that of the silica beads. With such an index matching, adhesive van der Waals forces are lowered by about two orders of magnitude compared to those expected in water \cite{Israelachvili2011Book}. Yet, the results remain similar: no hysteresis is observed at low ionic concentrations and similar hysteresis amplitudes are found at large ionic concentrations (square markers in Fig. \ref{Fig2}\textit{E}).

\subsection{Link between hysteresis and rheology}

\begin{figure*}[t!]
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\textwidth]{fig3.pdf}
\caption{Frictional and frictionless rheologies extracted from steady avalanches (\textit{A--C}) and transient relaxations (\textit{D--F}). (\textit{A}) Sketch defining the parameters used to extract the rheology for steady avalanches.  (\textit{B}) Avalanche angle $\theta$ versus time for frictional and frictionless silica particles ([NaCl]$=10^{-1}$ and $10^{-6}$ mol.L$^{-1}$, respectively) measured by successively decreasing the rotation rate $\omega$ of the drum. (\textit{C}) Corresponding suspension effective friction coefficient $\mu$ versus viscous number $J$; the color code corresponds to the rotation rate of the drum. (\textit{D}) Sketch defining the parameters used to extract the rheology from transient relaxations. (\textit{E}) Relaxation of the angle of avalanche versus time for frictional and frictionless silica particles ([NaCl]$=10^{-1}$ and $10^{-6}$ mol.L$^{-1}$, respectively). The preparation rotation rates are $\omega=5\times10^{-2}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$ and $\omega=10^{-2}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$ respectively, the drum is stopped ($\omega=0$) at $t=0$. (\textit{F}) Corresponding $\mu$ versus $J$. To compute $J=  \eta |\dot{\theta} | R^2 / (h^2 P)$ from $\theta(t)$ measured in \textit{E}, data are smoothed using time-windows of variable widths and  $\dot\theta(t)$ is computed using finite-difference.  The same color code as in \textit{E} is used.}
\label{rheol}
\vspace{-1em}
\end{figure*}
In solid friction and geophysics flows, hysteresis and stick-slip dynamics are often related to a velocity-weakening regime of the flow near the onset of motion, i.e., a shear stress that decreases with the deformation rate. To understand the emergence of hysteresis in overdamped suspensions, we further analyze the dynamics of the avalanches with the aim of extracting the effective rheology of both the frictional and frictionless silica beads (immersed in solutions of ionic concentration [NaCl]$=10^{-1}$ and $10^{-6}$ mol.L$^{-1}$, respectively).

Under steady flow conditions, the effective rheology of the suspension can be obtained as follows.  Momentum balance at the free surface implies that the macroscopic friction coefficient of the suspension $\mu$ (the ratio of the tangential to normal stresses) is directly given by the avalanche angle $\theta$:  $\mu=\tan \theta$ \cite{jop2005crucial}.  Moreover, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{A}, conservation of mass implies that the downward flux of grains during steady avalanching is balanced by the upward motion of grains experiencing rigid rotation with the drum, yielding  $h v_s \sim \omega R^2$, where $h$ is the thickness of the flowing layer, $v_s$ the surface velocity of the avalanche and $R$ the radius of the drum. The typical shear rate within the flowing granular layer is $\dot{\gamma}\sim v_s/h$. The effective viscous number $J=\eta \dot{\gamma}/P$ characterizing the flow \cite{boyer2011unifying} can therefore be computed as $J =  \eta \omega R^2 / (h^2 P)$ with $P=\phi \Delta \rho g h \cos \theta$ and the volume fraction $\phi \approx 0.6$. In these expressions, the sole unknown is the thickness of the flowing layer $h$. In the quasi-static regime of interest here, $h$ is mainly set by the grain diameter \cite{GDRmidi2004}. For simplicity, we use $h=50d$ for frictionless particles and  $h=25d$ for frictional particles, as suggested by our experiments (Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig6}).

Measuring the steady avalanche angle $\theta$ and the rotation rate $\omega$ of the drum therefore gives access to the effective frictional rheology $\mu(J)$ of the suspensions\footnote{Note that the friction coefficient $\mu$ is measured at the free surface while the viscous number $J$ corresponds to an average over the thickness of the flowing layer.}. Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{B} shows the steady avalanche angle obtained for various rotation rates for both frictional and frictionless particles. At large rotation rates both systems exhibit steady flows with stationary angles that progressively decrease as the rotation rate is decreased. These data are used to extract the rheologies $\mu(J)$ in  Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{C} for the frictional (top) and frictionless (bottom) grains. Each point corresponds to a different drum rotation rate (same color code as in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{B}). An important difference between these two systems is that below the critical rotation rate $\omega_c=6\times10^{-3}\;^{\circ}$.s$^{-1}$, the flow of frictional grains becomes hysteretic while frictionless grains flow steadily down to the smallest rotation rate accessible experimentally. This reflects a strong difference of rheologies. Indeed, for the frictionless suspension, as the rotation rate of the drum is decreased, the effective macroscopic friction coefficient of the suspension $\mu(J)$ decreases monotonously until reaching $\mu_0\approx 0.1$ as $J\rightarrow 0$, Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{C} (bottom). This rheological flow law belongs to those of velocity-strengthening materials where friction grows with the deformation rate; this type of rheology yields stable flows. The behavior of frictional particles is markedly different: below $\omega_c$ corresponding to a finite $J_c= \eta \omega_c R^2 / (h^2 P)$, the flow becomes unstable and hysteretic avalanches come into play. In this regime, once grains are at rest, starting the flow requires the pile angle to reach  $\theta_{\rm start}$. This angle defines a starting friction coefficient $\mu_{\rm start}\approx 0.51$ much larger than $\mu_{\rm stop}=\mu(J_c)\approx 0.39$.  These findings suggest that the rheology $\mu(J)$ of frictional particles is a non-monotonous function of $J$ with a velocity-weakening region below $J_c$, as illustrated by the dashed line in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{C} (top). Such multivalued rheological flow law is known to give rise to instabilities under loading, including hysteretic avalanches \cite{peyneauPhD}.

Steady avalanches measurements only provide the rheology for discrete values of $J$ (corresponding to the imposed rotation rates $\omega$). A way to obtain continuous measurements and further refine the rheology $\mu(J)$ close to the flow onset, is to analyze the transient relaxations. To do so, the system is first prepared in a steady regime at a given rotation rate $\omega$ (larger than $\omega_c$ for frictional particles). The drum is then suddenly stopped ($\omega=0$), and the relaxation of the pile angle $\theta(t)$ is recorded until the  flow stops (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{E}). Assuming these relaxations are quasi-stationary, the macroscopic friction coefficient of the suspension $\mu$ is again given by the avalanche angle $\theta$ using the relation $\mu=\tan \theta$. Moreover, mass conservation, now that the drum is stopped ($\omega=0$), implies that the downward grains flux $h v_s$, leading to the pile angle variation $\dot{\theta}=d\theta / dt$, obeys $h v_s\sim  -R^2 \dot{\theta} $ (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{D}). The viscous number is then obtained as $J=  \eta | \dot{\theta}|  R^2 / (h^2 P)$.

The relaxations of frictional (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{E} top) and frictionless (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{E} bottom) particles are found to strongly differ both in timescales and shapes. For frictionless grains, the angle of the pile relaxes slowly, asymptotically reaching its final value after about 8000 s. Conversely, for the frictional grains, the pile angle relaxes in a much shorter time (about 50 s) and its final value is reached with an abrupt change in the relaxation dynamics:  the relaxation rate of the pile angle sharply transitions from a finite value to zero, yielding a sudden stop of the flow.  Again, these markedly different features for the relaxations are the outcome of the intrinsically different rheological laws shown in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{F}. For frictionless grains, the rheology remains monotonous two decades bellow the lowest viscous number investigated with the steady-state measurements. Conversely, the rheology obtained for frictional grains confirms the existence of a critical viscous number $J_c$ below which no flow is possible. As the pile angle progressively relaxes, the transient avalanche stops abruptly when the system reaches the viscous number $J=J_c$.  In Appendix B, we show that the discontinuity of $\dot{\theta}$ observed in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{D} (top) is inherently a consequence of the finite value of $J_c$.

To conclude, Fig. \ref{final} gathers the rheological laws obtained both from analyzing steady state avalanches and transient relaxations. The reduced macroscopic friction coefficient $\Delta \mu=\mu-\mu_0$ is plotted versus $J$ where $\mu_0=\mu(J\rightarrow0) \approx 0.1$ for frictionless particles and $\mu_0=\mu_{\rm stop}\approx 0.39$ for frictional particles\footnote{The asymptotic values $\mu_0$ and $\mu_{\rm stop}$ weakly depend on the rotation rate of preparation before the drum is stopped. Exact values are given in Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig7}.}. The large symbols correspond to the steady-state measurements. We find that all data collapse on two separate master curves distinguishing frictionless and frictional grains. The data for frictionless grains follows the monotonous constitutive relation $\Delta \mu \sim  J^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha=0.37 \pm 0.05$ over six decades of viscous number $J$. The value of the exponent is remarkably close to previous numerical observations \cite{peyneauPhD,olsson2011critical,lerner2012,degiuli2015unified}  as well as  the theoretical prediction 0.35 \cite{degiuli2015unified}. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental validation of these predictions. By contrast, the rheology of frictional grains exhibits a minimum at $J=J_c$ and, for $J > J_c$, can be well fitted with $\Delta \mu \sim  (J-J_c)^{\beta}$ with $\beta= 0.7 \pm 0.3$ and $J_c \approx 10^{-6}$.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{fig4.pdf}
\caption{Reduced macroscopic friction coefficient $\Delta \mu = \mu - \mu_0$ versus viscous number $J$ for frictional and frictionless particles immersed in solutions of ionic concentration ([NaCl]$=10^{-1}$ and $10^{-6}$ mol.L$^{-1}$, respectively). Large markers were obtained from the steady-state measurements presented in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{A--C}. Small markers correspond to transient relaxations measurements from different initial steady states as described in Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{D--F}. Solid lines are fits  (in grey) by $\Delta \mu=(J/J_0)^{\alpha}$ with $\alpha=0.37 \pm 0.05$ and $J_0\approx2.27\times 10^{-2}$ for frictionless particles and (in green) by $\Delta \mu=((J-J_c)/J_0)^{\beta}$ with $\beta= 0.7 \pm 0.3$, $J_0 \approx8.69\times10^{-3}$ and $J_c \approx 10^{-6}$ for frictional particles.}
\label{final}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion}

The hysteresis observed at the onset of granular flows has generally been explained by invoking mechanisms based on inertia, such as dissipation by shocks \cite{quartier2000dynamics,Courrech}, or endogenous acoustic noise arising from collisions \cite{DeGiuliPNAS}. In this article, by studying avalanches of viscous suspensions in rotating drums, we show that large hysteresis also occurs in overdamped systems where inertial effects are completely negligible. We show however that the presence of interparticle friction is crucial  to observe hysteresis.  Avalanches of frictional particles become hysteretic below a critical rotation rate of the drum, while for frictionless particles steady flow is always observed. Examination of the avalanche dynamics, both in steady state and during transient relaxations, reveals the difference between the rheological laws of frictionless and frictional suspensions. Frictionless particles exhibit a monotonic behavior while the law for frictional particles is non-monotonic.

These rheological laws can be used to rationalize, within a simple model, the main features of the avalanches observed for both types of grains (frictionless and frictional) (see Appendix).  \textit{(i)} When the drum is rotated continuously, steady flows are possible only if the flow rule is stable, i.e., velocity-strengthening. This is satisfied for all values of $J$ (or corresponding $\omega$) for frictionless grains but only above $J_c$  (or corresponding $\omega_c$) for frictional particles.  Below this critical point hysteresis emerges (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{B} and Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig8}\textit{B}). \textit{(ii)} As the drum is stopped, the avalanche angle relaxes asymptotically to its final value for frictionless particles because the flow law is monotonic. By contrast, the avalanche angle for frictional particles relaxes in a finite time according to their non-monotonic flow law (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{E} and Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig8}\textit{C}). \textit{(iii)}  The rheology of frictionless grains follows a power law with a lowest exponent than that obtained for frictional particles ($\alpha<\beta$). This has a somewhat counter-intuitive consequence since it implies that, at low viscous number, for the same friction difference $\Delta \mu$, frictionless grains must flow more slowly (smaller $J$) than frictional grains. This explains the long and short relaxation times observed for frictionless and frictional grains respectively (Fig. \ref{rheol}\textit{E} and Appendix, Fig. \ref{Fig8}\textit{D}).

Our interpretation of the transition between discontinuous and continuous flow in rotating drums differs from early interpretations based on a balance between the rotation time scale and the avalanche duration  \cite{rajchenbach1990} or on the stochastic fluctuation of the friction law \cite{fischer2009transition}. Here the critical rotation rate $\omega_c$ reflects the critical viscous number $J_c$ below which the friction law is velocity-weakening and therefore unstable. Note that the rotating drum, which is a stress-driven configuration, does not give access to the unstable branch of the rheology. In dry granular materials, few direct evidences of a velocity-weakening regime exist \cite{dijksman2011jamming,kuwano2013crossover,DeGiuliPNAS} and other works have suggested the existence of a minimum in the friction law  \cite{caponeri1995dynamics,pouliquen2002friction,edwards2017formation}. In dense suspensions, measurements and numerical simulations of the $\mu(J)$ rheology have so far reported only monotonic laws \cite{boyer2011unifying,trulsson2012transition,amarsid2017viscoinertial,trulsson2017effect}. However,  very few data are available for viscous numbers smaller than the critical viscous number reported here, $J_c \approx 10^{-6}$. An important question is to understand the physical parameters that set this value of $J_c$.  One possibility could be that $J_c$ is size-dependent and vanishes for large systems, as was suggested in the case of inertial grains \cite{pouliquen2002friction}. Another possibility could be that $J_c$ is related to an intrinsic timescale not included in the hard sphere limit. For instance, the collision timescale introduced in the endogenous noise mechanism for inertial particles \cite{DeGiuliPNAS} could be replaced by a viscoelastic rearrangement time for overdamped systems.

Whatever the mechanism, our work shows that solid contact and interparticle friction is required to observe hysteresis in dense suspensions, as in dry materials \cite{PeyneauRoux2008,DeGiuliPNAS}. Interestingly, the dilatancy exhibited by granular materials at the onset of the flow (Reynold dilatancy) is also a signature of friction between particles \cite{PeyneauRoux2008,Clavaud2017}. Thus, dilatancy and hysteresis could share the same origin, an idea already found in  Bagnold's work \cite{bagnold1966shearing}.  On the other hand, solid friction is also known to involve aging phenomena and velocity-weakening behaviors at low sliding velocities \cite{baumberger2006solid}. It is thus likely that the hysteresis observed at a macroscopic level is strongly affected by the hysteresis of solid friction at the contact level.

Overall, our study reveals that the flow onset in dense suspensions is hysteretical and that this hysteresis stems from the presence of interparticle friction. This finding provides another strong evidence that solid contacts are crucial to understanding the dynamics of suspensions close to the jamming transition, corroborating recent advances in the field \cite{guazzelli2018rheology}. In the geophysical context, our results may help to understand the failure mechanism  of undersea landslides and better predict the occurrence of massive events \cite{lovholt2017}. Interestingly, both over-damped suspensions and inertial granular materials are found to exhibit similar hysteretical signatures.  Whether this hysteresis arises from collective effects  or simply reflects the intrinsic hysteresis of solid friction at the scale of particle contacts is an  important open question. To address this issue, it would be interesting to extend current discrete simulations of dense suspensions \cite{amarsid2017viscoinertial,trulsson2017effect} to account for hysteresis at the scale of particle contact.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank O. Pouliquen and M. Trulsson for discussions, P. Dame and E. Fernandez for performing preliminary experiments, S. No\"el and F. Ratouchniack for help in building the experimental set-up. M. W. and H. P. thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation for support under Grant No. 200021-165509 and the Simons Foundation Grant (No. 454953 Matthieu Wyart). This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (ERC grant agreement No. 647384 ), by the Labex MEC (ANR-10-LABX-0092) under the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the French government program Investissements d'Avenir.
\end{acknowledgements}

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The Gathering (The Uprising, #1) by Bernadette Giacomazzo @bg_writes_stuff @AnneCater #TheGathering #TheUprising #RandomThingsTours #BlogTour
May 15, 2018 booksfromdusktilldawn
Firstly I wish to thank Anne Cater of Random Things Tours for inviting me to take part on this blog tour for THE GATHERING (The Uprising #1) by Bernadette Giacomazzo
The Uprising Series tells the story of three freedom fighters and their friends in high — and low — places that come together to overthrow a vainglorious Emperor and his militaristic Cabal to restore the city, and the way of life, they once knew and loved. In The Gathering, Jamie Ryan has defected from the Cabal and has joined his former brothers-in-arms — Basile Perrinault and Kanoa Shinomura — to form a collective known as The Uprising. When an explosion leads to him crossing paths with Evanora Cunningham — a product of Jamie's past — he discovers that The Uprising is bigger, and more important, than he thought.
The Gathering: Book One of The Uprising Series
This is the first book in a new series set in an a futuristic New York. I love it when an author has the courage to go the whole hog, no holds barred, and change everything not just tweak it, quite a gamble but one that is done to perfection!
The city is now controlled, yes controlled not run, by a tyrant of an Emperor. Oh my is he a piece of work. He makes no excuse for his own selfishness. He comes first before his family and the city but enough is enough, the people really want him gone. The thing is he can't be voted out, being Emperor is for life not just a term in Office.
The people live in fear of the Cabal, the military run by the Emperor, a vicious group of thugs that would give the citizens a beating when ever the ridiculous rules are broken. It was never going to be an easy task to take him down, if not impossible! The story centres round three long-term friends as they plan to reclaim their City but there is a past complication that comes to light.
Bernadette Giacomazzo has created a super futuristic setting for her characters where there are obvious changes in culture with subtle play on words that change them but still keeps them recognisable at the same time. Swearing is in abundance but again it is, I believe, a sign of the times and setting of the story. You really need to read this story with an open mind. Think back 100 years for a moment just to realise how much has changed. So just let yourself go with the flow of this. Remember we have become less inhibited as the years have gone by.
This is a real busy book which has laid down foundations for the rest of the series. So looking forward to more soon.
With an impressive list of credentials earned over the course of two decades, Bernadette R. Giacomazzo is a multi-hyphenate in the truest sense of the word: an editor, writer, photographer, publicist, and digital marketing specialist who has demonstrated an uncanny ability to thrive in each industry with equal aplomb. Her work has been featured in Teen Vogue, People, Us Weekly, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Post, and many, many more. She served as the news editor of Go! NYC Magazine for nearly a decade, the executive editor of LatinTRENDS Magazine for five years, the eye candy editor of XXL Magazine for two years, and the editor-at-large at iOne/Zona de Sabor for two years. As a publicist, she has worked with the likes of Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson and his G-Unit record label, rapper Kool G. Rap, and various photographers, artists, and models. As a digital marketing specialist, Bernadette is Google Adwords certified, has an advanced knowledge of SEO, PPC, link-building, and other digital marketing techniques, and has worked for a variety of clients in the legal, medical, and real estate industries. Based in New York City, Bernadette is the co-author of Swimming with Sharks: A Real World, How-To Guide to Success (and Failure) in the Business of Music (for the 21st Century), and the author of the forthcoming dystopian fiction series, The Uprising. She also contributed a story to the upcoming Beyonce Knowles tribute anthology, The King Bey Bible, which will be available in bookstores nationwide in the summer of 2018.
Website: http://www.bernadettegiacomazzo.com/
Twitter @bg_writes_stuff
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Thanks so much for the Blog Tour support Susan x
booksfromdusktilldawn says:
A pleasure x


text:
With India in the grip of a merciless second wave of the coronavirus pandemic, it was only a matter of time before the Indian Premier League – the world's richest and most prestigious Twenty20 cricket tournament – faced calls for postponement or cancellation. With IPL 2021 not yet half-way through, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) reluctantly took the decision to suspend the tournament at the start of May, following an increase in Covid cases among players, this despite teams staying in secure hotel bubbles and no fans in stadia.
IPL 2021 was one bright spot of live sporting entertainment in the gloom of the pandemic, attracting an average of 105m unique viewers in its first two weeks.
Naturally, with many other live events postponed or cancelled, this year's IPL was a honeypot for national and global advertisers. But with the BCCI suspending all competition indefinitely, brands committed to advertising and other marketing spend around the IPL need to ask themselves – and their agencies – some serious questions, and fast. There are four areas in particular where I believe they should focus their energy, attention, and questions, to make sure that the suspended IPL doesn't cost them dear.
Media already booked
Advertisers should start by investigating what happens to media already booked, around live broadcasts of games and highlights packages. Questions should include: "Are we able to cancel bookings made against our media plan for supporting the tournament?", "What are our commitments now that the tournament has been suspended?", and "Can we secure refunds?"
The simple and brutal truth – for this issue as for the others considered in this article – is 'it depends.' Crucially, it depends on the nature and status of advertiser-agency contracts, and specifically it depends on the Force Majeure clause in those contracts. Force Majeure clauses free both parties from liability when extraordinary events beyond their control take place, from wars to riots, strikes to pandemics. In the case of the suspended IPL, advertisers need to review their contracts to establish whether they contain a Force Majeure clause and whether or not it covers them for spots already booked. When reviewing and rewriting contracts to make them fit for purpose, advertisers would be well advised to work with an independent partner, expert in negotiations, to ensure they are written in a way that secures their best interests.
For unconsumed media inventory – space for ads that have not, will not, and cannot run because there is no live or recorded coverage of IPL 2021 alongside which they could appear – advertisers need to establish whether their contract allows for planned budgets to be refunded to them directly. In some cases, contracts stipulate that the cash that would have funded ads that are cancelled because events are cancelled is held by the agency, or the agency is entitled to use it to purchase other available media inventory. This is especially true of media inventory that the agency may have bought in bulk from broadcasters, publishers, and platforms. Again, it's vital that brands review and update their contracts regularly if they're going to avoid situations like this.
Impact on agency revenue
With the biggest event in the sporting calendar suspended – and only very tentative plans for resumption, some time in Q4 2021 – there will be a significant knock-on effect on agency revenue. With no new media bookings on the horizon, agencies and agency holding companies may look to compel advertisers to pay for unconsumed media inventory if they are entitled to do so under the terms of the contract.
Beyond the impact of the suspended IPL in the short term, as brands look to reset their agency relationships with revised contracts, they should include terms that allow for an independent, third-party review of media plans. This is particularly true as regards the use of inventory media – media bought in bulk by agencies and sold on to advertisers with conditions attached, often including brands waiving their right to audit. Too large a percentage of total media spend allocated to inventory media might be against brands interests.
Minimising losses
Part of the process of review should consider whether contracts currently in place are strong enough to help advertisers minimise losses. It's important to ensure that contracts are both fit-for-purpose and sufficiently flexible. In addition to the contract, the Statement of Work (SOW) plays a critical role here. When major deals – such as those around the IPL – are finalised, the SOW should include clear directions covering advertiser consent about reallocation of funds. In the case of the IPL, the SOW should have covered options in case of cancellation, suspension, or postponement. It should have made clear whether the deals, rates, and placements negotiated before the start of the tournament still hold good for the second half of this fractured season in the event of a restart. If not, it should have detailed what extent of variance would be acceptable.
For advertisers to protect their interests in the peri-pandemic world, as well as in the medium- and long-term future, good practice demands regularly reviewing and updating contracts with agency partners. That's table stakes. It is our repeated experience, however, working with national brands and the local offices of global brands, that still too many advertisers operating in India do not have the right contracts in place to service their increasingly sophisticated media needs.
Covid has accelerated many underlying trends in marketing, and I am optimistic that many advertisers will seize the opportunities presented by current trading conditions to course-correct and set themselves up for even greater success in the years ahead. To mitigate risk and maximise ROI, that all starts with reviewing and resetting contracts with media and other marketing agencies.
Accountability and good governance in marketing is a two-way street. As well as negotiating and agreeing contracts that are in their own best interests, advertisers also need to ensure that they remunerate their agency partners fairly, in timely fashion, and for the work done. This is the best way to expedite the processes of reconciling billing, allocating the correct budget, and avoiding unnecessary leakage. It is the foundation of building more durable agency partnerships, partnerships that are robust enough to ride out situations as abnormal and unexpected as the current pandemic.
This article was featured in Campaign India.


text:
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from flaskext.mysql import MySQL
import os

app = Flask(__name__)

mysql = MySQL()

# MySQL configurations
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_USER'] = credentials['username']
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] = credentials['password']
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_DB'] = 'sydney'
app.config['MYSQL_DATABASE_HOST'] = 'mysql'
mysql.init_app(app)

@app.route('/', methods=['GET'])
def list_messages():
    messages = []
    try:
        conn = mysql.connect()
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute("SELECT * from sydney.messages")
        rows = cursor.fetchall()
        for id,value in rows:
            messages.append(value)
        return render_template('index.html', messages=messages)

    except Exception as e:
        raise e
    finally:
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()

@app.route('/messages', methods=['POST'])
def add_message():

    _msg = request.form['message']
    app.logger.debug(_msg)
    conn = mysql.connect()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    try:
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO sydney.messages (message) VALUES (%s)", [_msg])
        conn.commit()
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()
    except Exception as e:
        app.logger.debug(e)
        return render_template('error.html',error = str(e))

    return redirect("/")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(
        host='0.0.0.0',
        port=5000,
        debug=True,
        threaded=True)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Problem printing out array using putchar function. Getting a punch of symbols as output #include <stdio.h>

void print_rev(char *s);

int main(void)
{
    char *str;
    str = "I do not fear computers. I fear the lack of them - Isaac Asimov";
    print_rev(str);
    return (0);
}

// read array and print it out backwards char by char.
void print_rev(char *s)
{
    int arrLength;

    arrLength = 0;

    // capture length of array
    while (*s != '\0') {
        arrLength++;
        s++;
    }

    arrLength--;

    // print array backwards
    for (; arrLength >= 0; arrLength--) {
        putchar(s[arrLength]);
    }

    putchar('\n');
}

This is my code. When I run it, all I can do is get it to print out this output:
picture of output
I tried researching why this happens but I can't find any videos where people use putchar and not printf. Much help appreciated.
The point of my code is to take the string and reverse it using putchar.
I cannot use the function strlen().
Expected output:
vomisA caasI - meht fo kcal eht raef I .sretupmoc raef ton od I

A: In print_rev(), during your first pass where you reinvent the strlen() wheel, you also increment s to point to the terminating NUL character.
In the last loop, you are reusing s as if it hadn't changed: s[arrLength] obviously point outside of your string since s points to the end of it.
Solution: change
for (; arrLength >= 0; arrLength--) {
    putchar(s[arrLength]);
}

to
for (; arrLength >= 0; arrLength--) {
    s--;
    putchar(*s);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Aurora Home Loan (Dissolved –now DLJ Mortgage) Goes Down in Flames
Fur further information please call 954-495-9867 or 520-405-1688
The only thing I would add to this is that Aurora was never real — it was a sham corporation to continue the illusion of ownership and rights to enforce unenforceable mortgages that were fraudulently created and where ownership was fraudulently created by self serving documents. The purpose of Aurora was the same as what Chase did — create a vehicle by which ownership of loans or rights to enforce are claimed to exist even when they don/t Aurora was a creature of the now bankrupt Lehman Brothers. It is interesting that Aurora Loan Services is now DLJ Mortgage which matches with an old name on Wall Street — Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette — another investment bank that was active in "securitization." So we have gone from Bankrupt Lehman to DLJ who was a player all along.
Court of Appeals Case No. 32A04-1403-MF-104
Appeal from the Hendricks Superior Court
The Honorable Matthew G. Hanson,
Special Judge
Cause No. 32D05-1109-MF-522
On July 31, 2009, Plunkitt and Imbody filed a joint Indiana Trial Rule 12(B)(6) motion to dismiss, arguing that Aurora could not enforce the note unless it showed that it was in possession of the original note. On the date of the hearingon the motion to dismiss, Aurora produced the original note, unendorsed, with no allonges attached to it. At the hearing, Aurora requested and received additional time to respond to the motion to dismiss. Three months later, in October 2009, Aurora filed its response to the Defendants' motion to dismiss. To its response, it attached for the first time an "Allonge to Note" which purported to show that CIT had endorsed the note to Aurora. Appellant's App. pg. 114. Aurora also argued, as an alternative theory, that it was entitled to enforce the note as a non-holder transferee pursuant to Uniform Commercial Code ("U.C.C.") section 3-301(2), codified at Indiana Code sections 26-1-3.1- 301(2).
Plunkitt and Imbody filed a motion to strike the purported allonge and Aurora's new theory of recovery, emphasizing that the undated allonge had not been produced or even mentioned during the nearly two years of litigation of the matter and that Aurora's alternative theory of recovery was outside the scope of the pleadings. The trial court agreed with the Defendants and struck the allonge and the alternate transferee argument. The court then granted the Defendants' motion to dismiss, noting that "striking having occurred, evidence that [Aurora] is the holder of the Note that is the basis of litigation in the within cause is totally lacking." Appellant's App. p. 126. Aurora moved to file a second amended complaint, and the trial court denied the motion. Aurora did not appeal the dismissal of its November 7, 2007 complaint.
In September 2011, nearly two years after the trial court granted the Defendants' motion to dismiss in the first cause of action ("Aurora I"), Aurora filed another complaint under a separate cause number in the same superior Court.The complaint sought to enforce the note pursuant to Indiana Codesection 26-1-3.1-301 and alleged the same or substantially similar facts as the complaint filed in Aurora I. To the complaint, Aurora attached both the allonge stricken by the trial court in Aurora I and a second allonge, which purported to contain a blank endorsement of the note by Aurora. On November 1, 2011, Plunkitt and Imbody filed a motion for a more definite statement, noting that Aurora failed to state under which legal basis in Uniform Commercial Code section 301 it sought to enforce the note. Aurora amended its complaint on December 7, 2011, asserting that it was the note's holder pursuant to U.C.C. section 301(1), codified at Indiana Code section 26-1-3.1-301(1). On January 12, 2012, Plunkitt and Imbody filed a joint motion to strike both allonges and to dismiss the case pursuant to Trial Rule 12(B)(6), Trial Rule 12(B)(8), and principles of res judicata. The trial court held a hearing on the Defendants' motion to dismiss on December 5, 2013. At the hearing, counsel or Aurora informed the trial court that Aurora Loan Services had been dissolved and noted that it had filed a motion to substitute DLJ Mortgage in Aurora's place as plaintiff.
The trial court held Aurora's motion to substitute plaintiff in abeyance pending the court's ruling on the Defendants' motion to strike and motion to dismiss. On December 9, 2013, based in part on the Aurora I court's order regarding the purported allonge, the trial court granted the Defendants' motion to strike the allonges and dismissed the complaint pursuant to 12(B)(6), finding that "Aurora is still not a party with any provable right to proceed against the Defendant." Appellant's App. p. 20. The trial court denied the Defendants' motion to dismiss pursuant to 12(B)(8) and principles of res judicata, noting that "the issue of whether default has occurred is still a matter that can be heard, but must be pursued by a correct Plaintiff" and that "the prior matter that was dismissed was done so based on the fact that the [Aurora] could not prove that they had a right back then any more than they can prove they have a right now." Appellant's App. p. 21.
Aurora filed a motion to correct error on January 9, 2014. In its motion, Aurora argued that the trial court failed to apply the proper standard when striking the two allonges and in determining that Aurora was not entitled to enforce the note and that the trial court should have converted the Defendants' motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment. Aurora also requested leave to file a second amended complaint to assert an alternative theory of recovery based on Indiana Code section 26-1-3.1-301(2) and -301(3). The trial court denied Aurora's request for leave to file a second amended complaint and denied Aurora's motion to correct error.
For all of these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in striking two allonges submitted by Aurora with its complaint and did not err in denying Aurora's motion for leave to amend its complaint. The trial court did err in failing to convert the Defendants' motion to dismiss to a motion for summary judgment, but because Aurora was provided a unique and ample opportunity to rebut the Defendants' arguments over the course of two cases involving the same facts, this error was harmless.
Filed under: foreclosure | Tagged: Aurora, Aurora Loan Services Disssolved, DLJ, Indiana, Trial procedure |	16 Comments »
BAILOUT TO STATE BUDGETS: AZ Uses Housing Settlement Money for Prisons
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The general consensus is that the homeowner borrowers are simply at the bottom of the food chain, not worthy of dignity, respect or any assistance to recover from the harm caused by Wall Street. Now small as it is, the banks have partially settled the matter by an agreement that bars the states from pursuing certain types of claims conditioned on several terms, one of which was the payment of money from the banks that presumably would be used to fund programs for the beleaguered homeowners without whose purchasing power, the economy is simply not going to revive. Not only are many states taking the money and simply putting it into general funds, but Arizona, over the objection of its own Attorney General is taking the money and applying to pay for prison expenses.
Here is the sad punch line for Arizona. The prison system in that state and others is largely "privatized" which is to say that the state "hired" new private companies created for the sole purpose of earning a profit off the imprisonment of the state's citizens. Rumors abound that the current governor has a financial interest in the largest private prison company.
The prison lobby has been hard at work ever since privatizing prisons became the new way to get rich using taxpayers dollars. Not only are we paying more to house more prisoners because the laws a restructured to make more behavior crimes, but now our part of the housing settlement is also going to the prisons. Another bailout that was never needed or wanted. Meanwhile the budget of Arizona continues to rise from incarcerating its citizens and the profiteers (not entrepreneurs by any stretch of the imagination) are getting a gift of more money from the state out of the multistate settlement.
Needy States Use Housing Aid Cash to Plug Budgets
By SHAILA DEWAN
Only 27 states have devoted all their funds from the banks to housing programs, according to a report by Enterprise Community Partners, a national affordable housing group. So far about 15 states have said they will use all or most of the money for other purposes.
In Texas, $125 million went straight to the general fund. Missouri will use its $40 million to soften cuts to higher education. Indiana is spending more than half its allotment to pay energy bills for low-income families, while Virginia will use most of its $67 million to help revenue-starved local governments.
Like California, some other states with outsize problems from the housing bust are spending the money for something other than homeowner relief. Georgia, where home prices are still falling, will use its $99 million to lure companies to the state.
"The governor has decided to use the discretionary money for economic development," said a spokesman for Nathan Deal, Georgia's governor, a Republican. "He believes that the best way to prevent foreclosures amongst honest homeowners who have experienced hard times is to create jobs here in our state."
Andy Schneggenburger, the executive director of the Atlanta Housing Association of Neighborhood-Based Developers, said the decision showed "a real lack of comprehension of the depths of the foreclosure problem."
The $2.5 billion was intended to be under the control of the state attorneys general, who negotiated the settlement with the five banks — Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup and Ally. But there is enough wiggle room in the agreement, as well as in separate terms agreed to by each state, to give legislatures and governors wide latitude. The money can, for example, be counted as a "civil penalty" won by the state, and some leaders have argued that states are entitled to the money because the housing crash decimated tax collections.
Shaun Donovan, the federal housing secretary, has been privately urging state officials to spend the money as intended. "Other uses fail to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the settlement to bring real, concerted relief to homeowners and the communities in which they live," he said Tuesday.
Some attorneys general have complied quietly with requests to repurpose the money, while others have protested. Lisa Madigan, the Democratic attorney general of Illinois, said she would oppose any effort to divert the funds. Tom Horne, the Republican attorney general of Arizona, said he disagreed with the state's move to take about half its $97 million, which officials initially said was needed for prisons.
But Mr. Horne said he would not oppose the shift because the governor and the Legislature had authority over budgetary matters. The Arizona Center for Law in the Public Interest has said it will sue to stop Mr. Horne from transferring the money.
Filed under: foreclosure | Tagged: Ally, andy schneggenburger, ARIZONA, arizona center for law in the public interest, atlanta housing association of neighborhood based developers, attorney general, attorneys general, Bank of America, CALIFORNIA, Citigroup, civil penalty, discretionary money, economic development, Enterprise Community Partners, entrepreneurs, federal housing secretary, foreclosure problem, general fund, GEORGIA, georgia's governor, housing aid, housing crash, Housing Settlement Money for Prisons, Illinois, Indiana, JP Morgan Chase, Lisa Madigan, Missouri, multistate settlement, nathan deal, prison lobby, private prison company, profiteers, relief to homeowners, Shaila Dewan, SHAUN DONOVAN, taxpayer dollars, Texas, Tom Horne, Virginia, Wall Street, Wells Fargo |	7 Comments »
Hating and Hate Speech
Posted on May 3, 2008 by Neil Garfield
It's important especially now in the political season. People become attached to their candidates in an emotional way. And in the heat of battle they come to despise the other candidates and the people who support them. Besides the obvious damage to our psyche and souls, there is another more practical negative consequence that hurts all of us.
Fear and Hating is the tool of politicians. It distracts us from morality and from exercising independent judgment based upon real facts, rather than sound bites that trigger our emotional "hate" response. The fact is that none of us really know what any of the candidates will do once in office. We don't even know what emergencies they will confront. Thus having such iron-clad convictions that we exclude everything contrary to the views of "our" candidate, deprives us all of resources we need in a complicated and difficult world.
My basic rule of thumb when judging a candidate is whether he or she provokes me to think, ponder, and wonder how things could be better. I'm looking for someone who understands the nuances and complexities of the world and trusts me to consider the possibilities. The corollary is that a candidate who engages in attacks, in the politics of fear and hate, is one who cannot be trusted to do anything right for me.
The fact that attack politics works is predictable. Most of us don't have the time to consider ambiguity in our lives and we want someone "out there" to "just do it." When we are on the run and we hear a sound bite how someone will fight for us, that's all we need to know, or is it?
Filed under: bubble, CORRUPTION, currency, Eviction, foreclosure, Investor, Obama, oil, politics | Tagged: attack politics, hate, hate speech, Indiana, North Carolina |	1 Comment »


I've cut my office hours, so my desk is starting to clutter again. Back when I was handling the children full time, I didn't have a lot of time in my office(s), so I'd drop things onto the wings of the big corner desk I have, and the piles would get several inches high. When I had a full time contract a couple years back, the desk was pretty tidy. But the desk is starting to accumulate things on the margins, out of peripheral vision when I'm looking at my peripherals. So to shame myself I am pointing out some of them.
I could go with a list of five (or more) things I've already blogged about, including tickets and the playbill for Black Comedy, an Ideals, a couple copies of Battlestar Galactica and a drawing I got in Saint Charles, and even an Afghani currency I previously posted about in a Five Things on My Desk post from 2012 (although instead of a Trinidad and Tobago dollar, it's partnered with a Somali bill that I don't know where I got).
But, no, I won't take the easy way out.
A plaque with my hand print that I made in kindergarten.
I kept it out while digging through a box of mementos because I thought about hanging it up, and I've yet to put a little loop of something to do so. As it's been sitting on my desk, my children like to come put their hands in it, either to marvel at how much smaller than their hands their father's hands once were or to free Mars.
A flier with support information for Windows 3.11.
This has probably been carried along in a box for twenty some years; my mother had a Windows 3.11 machine that probably came to me when she upgraded, and I have a refurb laptop with Windows 3.11 on it even today. I think I have the installer somewhere around here if I ever get a crazy itch to install it again.
A Toys for Tots Foundation coin.
It's the strangest thing. This came in the mail with a fundraising appeal, and although I didn't give them any money, I kept the coin. I dunno what I was thinking. The boys would play with it? Regardless, the boys are aging out of the part of their youth where they'll happily play with some metal coin. Yet, I can't throw it out. So it sits on my desk until the next cleaning frenzy, where I'll put it in a box with other assorted tchotchkes.
You hardly ever see hand held games at garage sales any more; certainly none of the electronic blip games from the 1980s. If any, you'll find a little LCD screen game like this. I did, and I have yet to mount it on the wall. Sometime when I have a spare moment that I'm not wasting writing an inconsequential blog post, I'll do just that.
The children have brought these to my office because the battery terminals are corroded. "They have battery acid," is how they put it. One of these days, I'll get to it when I Set My Mind To It. Until then, they'll rest easily underneath a pile of other junk.
Sadly, that only scratches the surface. But you can't write much about a clean desk.
A Commodore 128 function key.
When Triticale gave me his old Commodore 128 those many years ago, before he passed away, it was not in pristine condition. Its power supply needed a new fuse, and one of the function keys was detached. It's still detached, obviously, but for some reason I tucked it into a catch-all box or bin sometime instead of packing it with the Commodore 128. Now that I've shamed myself on the Internet, I'll see about that. Maybe.
A commemorative name plate recognizing my aunt's 25 years of service with Ralston Purina / RalCorp.
25 years with the same employer? Who does that any more except government employees? Of course, she didn't do it now, she did it back then.
I don't know what that is. I've got so much Logitech junk around here that's not plugged in. This has probably come out of a junk box where I threw miscellaneous cords when moving or something. It's not vital to normal daily computer operations, obviously.
A DVD of the PBS series Gardens of the World.
I'd used this to test the DVD player of the media station here in the office. It works. I didn't watch a complete episode, though. I have started the episode on roses, though, since I have that on videocassette, too. In the series, Audrey Hepburn wanders around spouting poetry and quotes about plants, and then they cut to slow moving video of gardens with the type of plants highlighted in the episode. PBS sure does these things slowly, doesn't it? The pace of the episodes are far slower than similar programs on commercial stations.
The word CAR in Scrabble tiles and transparent tape.
For my 26th birthday, my then-girlfriend Heather got me two bookcases to help store my growing collection of books in my mother's basement. They marked my second and third bookcases. As they were too small to fit into her Ford Tempo, she (my then-girlfriend Heather, not my mother) ordered them to be delivered the Monday after my birthday. She taped the words, built from Scrabble tiles (we played a lot of Scrabble, that young lady and I), TWO BOOKCASES TOO BIG FOR HEATHER'S CAR onto a piece of cardboard and wrapped it for me. I still have those bookcases and at least one of the words from the wrapped gift. The then-girlfriend I transmogrified into a wife.
A 2 fluid ounce bottle of Plaid acrylic paint, Raspberry color. Back when I first started beading in 2009 or whatever it was, one of the first thoughts I had was to make a peppermint bracelet with red and white seed beads wrapped around each other but joined by peppermint disks. I bought white disk beads and a peppermint color paint (Raspberry, actually), but I never painted those disks. I keep meaning to take this bottle up to the garage and put it in with the other acrylic paints, but it falls behind another pile or something and remains on my desk.
A gallon-sized bag filled with spoons. These spoons were once my mother's spoon collection. I'm not sure when they last graced her walls, but I inherited them when she passed away almost three years ago already. For a while, I've been moving around the display rack in which these spoons hung on the wall in our apartment in the projects, and I recently uncovered the spoons when I was cleaning my garage. So, of course, I can't lay my hands on the display rack right now. When I find it, I'll polish the spoons and hang them on my dining room wall.
A Monroe Monro-matic CAA-10 calculator from 1954. I bought this at a garage sale or estate sale some nine or ten years ago, and I've had it in my storeroom for some time. Unfortunately, it doesn't fit in the narrow cabinets I have in there, so when I last reorganized my storeroom last autumn, I brought it into my office and it's sat upon my desk or under my desk for a couple months while I try to decide what to do with it. Maybe I'll learn how to use it. More likely, I'll shuffle it around my office until I return it to the storeroom or the garage.
A re-elect Mickey Owen memo pad.
I don't know who Mickey Owen was, nor how old this memo pad is, but I paid a dime for it at a church garage sale here in Springfield. I haven't yet written any memos in it, and I'm not sure if I will. It will ruin the collectible value.
One Hohner Golden Note harmonica in C. I got a toy harmonica as a high school graduation present from Tim and Pixie. When I got to Milwaukee, I bought a Hohner C harmonica and tried to teach myself to play. I learned a couple short songs, but never became really adept at it. After graduating from college and after having not really practiced in a couple years, I bought two new Hohner Cs at Nottlemann Music and haven't really practiced with them much at all. But this one is on my desk, reminding me of my failings.
By naming these things on the blog, I do tend to handle them in short order, which is why I'm bothering you with them.
One green binder containing hundreds of rejection letters for my writing efforts over the last 20 years.
One silver butter tray, tarnished.
One 36 Caliber Navy Model pistol, an expensive Italian import, I think.
One Blip the Digital Game awaiting cleaning and mounting on the wall.
One cute little 6″ by 6″ decoration depicting a kitten painted on what looks like window blinds and adorned by a little pink bow not awaiting mounting on my wall.
These things were deposited by me onto this desk months ago because I need to take a couple minutes to clean them or whatnot. Instead of doing that, I've posted on my blog, and soon enough a blizzard of paper to file and act upon will cover them again until the springtime.