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Books > Hindu > Art > Temple Construction During The Vijayanagra Period
Temple Construction During The Vijayanagra Period
by Dr. P. Subramani Sthapathi
This book entitled Text and traditions: Technical aspects of Temple construction during the Vijayangara period in Andhradesa's consists of five chapters. Chapter I- Introduction, chapter II-Architectural features of Vijayangara temples, chapter II text and traditions: techniques of temple construction during the Vijayangara Period Chapter IV –Techniques of Temple construction. In chapter II the discussion on the architectural features of vijayangara temples began with plan a brief description on the, elevation, Individual shirines, mandapas, gopuras, prakaras and rathas (stone Cars) of the vijayanagara period, chapter III, portrays information on Texts and Traditions: Techniques of temple construction during the vijayanagara perod is mentioned in the classical literature such as the Epics, Puranas Agamas and Silpa Sastras. The Agamas, incidentally deal with architectural subjects; their contributions to the silpa-sastra are, however, more extensive and valuable. Some of the Agamas deal with very technical matters, which are not met with in the Puranas. Moreover some Agamas to all intents and purposes are but architectural treatises. In chapter IV entitled techniques of temple construction: A case study of Madana Gopala Swamy Temple, Jetprolu, it is detailed on the location of the village historical background, architecture, on plan and elevation of the temple, techniques of the temple construction, right from selection of site till its completion. The last and penultimate chapter IV is termed as conclusion. This chapter draws conclusions of the research scholar and recapitulates the entire study right from setting the agenda for research till fulfilling the objective of study through substantial data culled from the field survey, The chapter also highlights the major achievements of the study and it is for the first time that such a rare attempt is made on enquiring into the Silpa and agamatexts and testing with the actual traditions and techniques that the silpins followed.
Dr. P. Subramani born on 1.6.1955 underwent a 4 years course in traditional sculpture and architecture at S V institute for Traditional sculpture and Architecture Tipurati. He did M.A. from Andhra University Visakhapatnam and M.A (Jyotisham) and received M. Phil and and Ph.D Degree from P S Telugu University, Hyderabad Receved 2 gold medals for contribution in the field of Art and Architecture from His Excellency the governor of Andhra Pradesh. He is Associated with many academic bodies like The AP History congress, Vashthu Vedic Research foundation, Indian History Congress. Indian Art History Congress and Participated in many seminars. Worked as Sthapati in endowments Department and later taught traditional sculpture and architecture at SV Institute for Traditional Sculpture and architecture, Tirupati for 32 years . He wrote books-viz. Prasad Lakshanam and Mana Devalayalu. He has built many temples all over India. He is the recipient of Hamsa Devlok. He is the recipient of Hemsa Kalaratna Award and a of Rs. 50,000 from Government of Andhra Pradesh for excellence.
Adequate stress on the Study of temple architecture of in Telugu speaking areas was not given however, it must be stated that descriptions of monuments, their line drawings measurements have been in some of the earliest writings, aurhored by pioneers in the field of archaeology in India. It is necessary to begin the present description of the subject with a review of the works done by earlier scholars even though these do not emphasize on aspects of technology involved in temple construction. For convenience of the present study, they have been divided and described and described as those written in the pre-independent period and those after it. This division has been primarily made on the basis of the difference in the methodological approaches and the dominant issues, tackled by the scholars writing on monuments of historical importance. During the pre-Independent period preliminary studies were published mainly in the Annual Reports of the Archaeological Survey of India. Today, this kind of literature is indispensable, as it gives valuable information regarding the structural remains of ancient Andhradesa and lays the empirical foundation for all types of historical research. Since there are no known 'Indian' or indigenous accounts about surviving buildings and their descriptions, these surveys were infect the first constructions of knowledge about particular ancient buildings and can be considered as the beginnings of a new awareness in India to document ancient remains. The pioneering archaeologists, both excavators and conservationists, collected and wrote about the archaeological artifact and structure with an exactitude nurtured by scientific positivism. This became such a powerful method of analysis that future generations of scholars on Indian art studies could shed it off. In the post-independent period though these methodological paradigms continued, it can be seen that a greater emphasis was given to an interpretation of the remains found in various regional contexts. Further, emphasis on the use of ancient literary texts to understand concepts in Indian architecture and identifying major technological achievements in this regard also began to be increasingly written about. We next turn to outline these broad trends in the writings on buildings of different types.
A major trend that emerged from the 18th century onwards was to look at the archaeological site as a whole, rather than at only the individual temple. There was no clear cut method in this regard to study the techniques used to construct the different buildings located at these sites. However, architectural styles were vividly described. In fact most of these early scholars did not think that study of technology was central to any analysis of the buildings that they described. It was apparently accepted as a tacit factor which must have existed to produce the monumental art and architecture.
Colonel James Tod in 1870 tried to explain the origin of the Indian Rock-cut caves'. He was the first scholar to cite a reference the Silpa Sastram, i.e., the indigenous texts on ancient technology and crafts. According to him, "The architecture and sculpture of India present a wide and interesting filed for research, and much valuable information on these subjects may be expected from the translations of the Silpa Sastram, which is said to contain the principles of them and of other arts and science of the Hindus". From this statement it can be gleaned that such knowledge was not readily available to western scholars though they were known keen to use it and link it to their observations on the existing monuments. It is significant to note that an Indian Judge, Ramraz had in 1834 written a theoretical papers on Indian architecture'. Ramraz's essay was announced as marking a significant step in writing about the history of the science of architecture in India. Ramarz had drawing information from contemporary workmen in temples and the priests in order to be able to explain the famous Silpa text, the Manasara, To make the meaning of text clear, he further utilized 48 plate of neatly made and lithographed drawing of temples.
Fergusson in 1843, presented a paper on the Rock-cut temples of Indian at systematic preservations, drawing and copying of antiquities. Later in 1845, he published his first work, Rock-cut Temples of India with the explicit aim of attempting to bring architecture within the domain of the sciences. His Hand Book of Architecture was published in 1855 which is considered as the first illustrated history of Indian and Eastern Architecture which consists of a description of the architecture of famous Buddhist monuments and that of the Dravidian and Chalukyan styles of temples. With all his emphasis on scientific precision, Fergusson however, made no attempt to focus on the technological skills involved in the construction of these buildings. The post mutiny period gained momentum for the listing and systematization of derails on buildings to understand thier outward manifestion .
Alexander Cunningham, basically a military surveyor and engineer who was a close associate of Princep, stressed the need of a systematic archaeological investigation at Government initiatives. This culminated in the establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1861 under his charge. The 23 volumes of his reports were published from 1863-67 which are now considered as indispensable source materials for the students of Indian architecrure.
A greater stress on building activity of ancient South Indian and the Deccan rather then on only a study of its temples, is noticed in the writings of Burgess. One can also suggest that with his taking over the Directorship of the Archaeological Survey of India, a concerted effort at the documentation of different styles of architecture began. Burgess came to India as a Professor of Mathematics in 1855 and subsequently got interested in the study of Indian architecture. In 1874 he was appointed as Archeological Surveyor and reporter to Government for Western India. During this phase he published his report on the Antiquities of Belgam and Kaladgi Districts in 1874. Report on the Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachch in 1876, and Antiquities of Bidar and Auragabad District in 1878. In 1880 Burgess published, jointly with Fergusson, a monumental work on the Cave Temples of India and in 1881 he was appointed as Architectural Surveyor and Reporter for South India. His tenure as Director General of Archaeological Survey of Indian. Alexander Rea published a monograph on Chalukayan Architecture in 1896 with plans and drawings of the temples. Robert Sewell's24 , List of Antiquarian Remains in the Madras Presidency published in 1882 and List of Inscriptions and Sketches of Dynasties of South India in 1884 are other important works of the later half of the nineteenth century, focusing on individual monuments of South India. In this regard it must be mentioned here that these also happened to be the first detailed studies of monuments of ancient Andhradesa.
As a policy matter of surveying ancient remains and monuments at a regional and local level, different States of British India began to establish their own Departments of Archaeology. The Hyderabad Archaeological Department was constituted in 1914 to study the ancient monuments and sites in the former Nizam's Dominions. Since its inception, a large number of temples and Buddhist sites have been systematically studied and described in detail in the Annual Report of the Department. The first report was published in 1916. Yazdani as the Director of the Department surveyed the monuments of the Nizam's Dominions and offered remarks on their architectural features. In particular, he surveyed and studied the temples at Pillalamarri, Palampet, Warangal, Dichpally, Nagulapudu, Alampur and so on. Principal forts in the Dominons like Elgandal, Warangal and Koyalkonda were also studied, with details on such aspects as trenches, trap doors, draw bridges, ramparts, walls, gates bastions, cellars and secret passages. However, like other surveyor of the time, he did not discuss aspects of the technological skills involved in making either temples or fort buildings.
G.Jouveau-Dubreuil's contribution to the study ofIndian architecture, particularly in South India is most significant. He combined the first hand knowledge of the actual monuments and living traditions of the Silpins by subjecting to a logical and systematic application of an appropriate methodology. This study was published as A History of Dravidian Architectur in 1917. it excelled previous achievements from a stylistic point of view, by thus interpreting every aspect of Indian Architecture. The concern to understand of important texts bearing on architecture being brought to light, edited and published. Among these, the Isanasiva Gurudevapadhati published from Trivandram between 1920-24, the Silparatna also from Trivandrum in 1922, the Samarangana Sutradhara from Baroda in 1923, the Manasollasa form Mysore in 1926 and the Vastuvidya from Trivandrum in 1940 are signification to mention as they facilitated researchers co understand the relevant terminology of architecture within the Indian tradition. They had another far reaching impact in that it opened the door to appreciating Indian technological achievements along with appealing to the aesthetic sensibilities of the art that went along with the building.
According to Pramod Chandra," "many of the shortcomings of the scholarship of Indian temples architecture such as the failure to explore Indian sources and understand the inner meaning of the monuments, the purely literary studies of the Silpa texts, without reference to the surviving monuments of its living practitioners, the study of style conceived only in terms of the development of ornamental motifs and without a grounding in architectural or religious history, were all largely overcome in the works of Ananda Coomaraswamy". Coomaraswamy's writings on Indian architecture reflect this characteristic yearning to known the conceptual frame work and the multifarious manifestations of Indian architecture through the ages. His first important work was History of Indian and Indonesian Art published in 1927. His Early Indian Architecture was published in 1930 which is indeed a masterpiece? We find in it a brilliant discussion examples, which were integrated to the architectural form, for the first time. In another context he described the various parrs and components of the palace, the walls, gateways, different quarters and apartments, pillars, windows, ect. Like a professional architect, he further examined the material in the construction of the multi-storied prasadas and the development of Gavaksha or the arched window which was a characteristic feature of Indian architecture.
Coomaraswamay's work left an indelible mark on writings of later scholars. His work also opened up avenues for serious research on the Silpa texts. The ethos of his work in portraying these essence of ancient Indian buildings was carried forward by Stella Kramrisch. Her authoritative work on the meaning and symbolism of the Hindu Temples'' in two volumes, was published in 1946. This contains valuable information on the principles and methods of constructions of temples with direct focus on South India. Her scholarly endeavors took pains to describe all aspects of temple building from the selection of site to laying of its foundation, the spatial organization of temple layout, the construction of the Upapitba, Adhistana and other aspects of the superstructure. In given these details, she heavily depended on ancient Silpa Texts which were utilized so as to supplement her views on the description of extant temples. From our point of view it is pertinent to mote that her work is one of the first to embody discussions on technical details of building temple complexes and information on building materials and bye-laws necessary to build structures which thus enable us to have a holistic view of the inter-relationship between architecture and technology. Necessary details for the latter and the terminology used for it was brought out in a systematic way by P.K. Acharya. His, An Encyclopedia of Hindu Architectur! was also published in 1946 and provided detailed notes on the temple building activity according to the ancient Manasara Silpa Sastra. This was supplemented by making drawing to illustrate the relevant terminology used to describe various facets of temple building. This ranged from soil testing before executing the building to plastering which ultimately lent finishing touches to the buildings such as common dwellings, palaces, roads and defense structures have also been elaborated upon and critically discussed. What is significant from our point of view is that aspects of building technology such as procurement of materials for construction, dressing of stone, erection, joining of beams and providing roofs have been fully explained based on information provided by the Manasara.
Just before Independence, many scholars in their writings lay emphasis on the use of literary sources. H.D. Sankalia.in an article entitled "Regional and Dynastic Study of South Indian Monuments' Published in 1941 was primarily concerned with methodological questions and heavily dependent on Dubreuil's work on A History of Dravidain Architecture published earlier. Sankalia's basic aim was to develop a more comprehensive classification of South Indian monuments on a regional level, since the dynastic knowledge about them was often incomplete. Percy Brown's first volume on Indian Architecture was mainly a compilation from previous work but with its numerous photographs and drawings it became a useful text book on Indian Architecture for a study of both Buddhist and Hindu monuments. His focus, like other scholars before him, was primarily on religious buildings.
The Archaeological Survey of India too lunched an Architectural Survey of Indian Temples with Krishnadeva and K.R. Srinivasan in-charge of North and South India, respectively. This was intended to conduct a detailed survey of regional styles in architecture and to distinguish their similarities and variations. We list below some of these descriptive studies pertaining to Andhradesa. P. Sreenivasachar of the Hyderabad Archaeological Department published a small book, The Ramappa and other Temples at Palampet, in 1953 in which he described the location, history and salient features of temples and sculptures of Palampet, which had been constructed during the Kakatiya times. Ground plan of the main temple and some illustrations of temples and sculptures were also included in this work. Like many other works for the different regions of Indian, it lacks the details on the techniques used for the construction of the temple building activity of the Kakatiyas. K.V. Soundarajan published his monumental work on the Architecture of the Early Hindu Temples in 1965. This was followed by two other works, namely, Indian temple styles in 1982 and Early Kalinga Art and Architecture in 1984. In the first one, the Brahmanical temples at Nagarjunakonda, the rock-cut caves at Vijayawada and Bhairavakonda and the temples at important places like Chejarla, Alampur were studied with their plan, elevation and measurements. His Indian Temple Styles subsequently became a standard text on the Indian temple as it encapsulated neatly classified temple styles and described salient features of the architecture developed during various centuries with some of the typical examples. It was however, in his work on Early Kalinga Art and Architecture that he made an attempt to study the building materials used for building activity and, to some extent, the mechanics of temple construction. On the other hand, M. Rama Rao'sl4 select Kakatiya Temples in 1962, Early Chalukyan Temples of Andhradesa in 1964, and M. Radhakrishna Sarma' Temples of Telangana published in 1972 focused mainly on describing the form of architecture and did not at all mention the technology that lay behind these monumental edifices. These micro-level studies were valuable since they tapped an hitherto unknown material about the extent temples in the different sub- regions of Andhradesa, but they hardly differed from each other, in their mode of presentation and analysis of the new data. Such a method became typical of temple based studies and continues to be a standard format, identified for topics of research in the various universities of Andhra Pradesh.
At the same time we continue to note an interest in the publication of many Silpa texts. Some of these like Aparajita Prichcha, Visvakarma Vastu Sastra, Pramana Manjari and Tantra Samuchchaya affected the study of art history, as they provided information on hitherto unknown details, extremely valuable for preparing technical reports on the extant monumental buildings. The appearance of these publications by Sompura 17 and others have strongly influenced our current understanding of the traditional methods of temple construction and the terminology used for doing so. For instance, Bruno Dagens critical edition of the Mayamata gives a comparative study of temple architecture. It is a useful work for scholars to acquaint themselves with the terminology used in the methods of construction with special reference to South Indian temples. Chapter XlI of this book exclusively deals with techniques on which the foundations of the temples were made. Sompura in an article entitled The Vastuvidya of Viswakarma presents briefly the terminology which was used for the construction methods of temples to the construction of the Vimanas. The prescriptions of the texts comply with the methods probably used for construction of the medieval temples. The Kakatiya temples in particular, most certainly used some of these works on ancient architecture.
H. Sarakar, 19 in an article, 'A study of Adhisthanas in Early Temples of Andhradesa, traces the origin of the adhisthana or the basement of the temple to differentiate the individual types employed in the rock-cut and structural temples of early medieval temples in Andhra Pradesh. However, barring the description of the decorative elements he does not mention the technical aspects of how these basements were made and how important they were to the building as a whole.
R.Subrahmanyam's article 'Brahmanincal Structures at Nagarjunakonda on the other hand, provide information regarding the Brahmancial temples constructed during the 3rd century A.D. along with a discussion on materials used to make them and the development of plans and engineering skills of the period.
Acknowledgement vii
Abbreviations viii
List of Figures ix
List of Plates ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Architectural Features of the Vijayanagara Temples 19
3 Texts and Traditions: Techniques of Temple construction During the Vijayanagara Period 36
4 Techniques of Temple Constructions: A case Study of Madana Gopala Swamy Temple, Jetprole 57
5 Conclusions 75
Glossary of Technical Terms 90
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The Different Types of Yoga Explained.
Ananda Yoga: Ananda Yoga classes focus on gentle postures designed to move the energy up to the brain and prepare the body for meditation. Classes also focus on proper body alignment and controlled breathing.
Anusara Yoga is a relatively new form of yoga (1997), which pairs strict principles of alignment with a playful spirit. Postures can be challenging, but the real message of Anusara is to open your heart and strive to connect with the divine in yourself and others.
Ashtanga (or Astanga) Yoga is the name given to the system of yoga taught by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois. This style of yoga is physically demanding as it involves synchronizing breathing with progressive and continuous series of postures-a process producing intense internal heat and a profuse, purifying sweat that detoxifies muscles and organs. The result is improved circulation, flexibility, stamina, a light and strong body, and a calm mind. Ashtanga is an athletic yoga practice and is not for beginners.
Integral Yoga: This traditional type of yoga combines postures, breathing exercises, selfless service, meditation, chanting, prayer, and self-inquiry.
ISHTA: Developed by South African teacher Mani Finger and popularized in the States by his son Alan, ISHTA (Integral Science of Hatha and Tantric Arts) focuses on opening energy channels throughout the body with postures, visualizations, and meditation.
Kali Ray TriYoga: A series of flowing, dancelike movements was developed by Kali Ray in 1980. The practice also incorporates pranayama (breathing exercises) and meditation. Kali Ray runs the TriYoga Center in Santa Cruz, California.
Kripalu is called the yoga of consciousness. This gentle, introspective practice urges practitioners to hold poses to explore and release emotional and spiritual blockages. Goal-oriented striving is discouraged and precise alignment is not as important as in some other traditions. There are three stages in Kripalu yoga. Stage One focuses on learning the postures and exploring your bodies abilities. Stage Two involves holding the postures for an extended time, developing concentration and inner awareness. Stage Three is like a meditation in motion in which the movement from one posture to another arises unconsciously and spontaneously.
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Sivananda Yoga: Like Integral Yoga, this traditional type of yoga combines postures, breathing, dietary restrictions, chanting, scriptural study, and meditation. The popular TV yoga teacher Lilias got her start practicing Sivananda Yoga.
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text:
Published on Tuesday, March 24, 2015
Revamped BBC news web site highlights shortcomings of responsive
User comments show 4 areas of degraded experience for desktop
2pm GMT on Monday 23rd March saw the BBC launch a responsive version of the news home page for all device types. As the BBC operated an m. web site providing different layout for desktop and mobile phones the approach was to replace the desktop web site with a slightly modified version of the mobile site.
I'm well aware that any change to a much loved web site will generate negative feedback. I remain concerned that digital technologist treat such feedback as a sign of both success and progress. I've focused this brief analysis on specific examples where the desire for "one web" delivered via Response Web Design (RWD) has demonstrably reduced the desktop User Experience (UX).
Unlike the launch of the new mobile home page frequent users were offered a chance to try out and comment on the new version for 3 months prior to the switch over. It's therefore reasonable to assume the easy to resolve issues would have been addressed prior to launch. I therefore waited with interest to learn how the masses would react to the changes. Using just a small selection of the 1500 user comments I highlight where the responsive approach falls short of delivering a great user experience.
Region Selection
"I live between three regional BBC areas and used the regional map to switch between sites, now I can only select one region Notts, and can't find Lincs or Leics as easily." - Read
"The UK map that was soooooo useful and meant you could find your area/county in two clicks has disappeared. I counted four clicks to get to Kent this morning...hardly a technological advance. I thought website developers were always told to keep the number of clicks to a minimum or people just lose interest and go elsewhere?" - Read
The previous version of the desktop web site enabled news for different regions to be selected using a map. This easy to use and understand visual selection process has been removed. It's hard to recreate such an interface that will work equally as well on a desktop and small screen.
No More TV Channel
"Before we could read [comprehensive] coverage and go immediately to the BBC news channel." - Read
The BBC are one of the finest news organisations in the world. They have a 24 hour news channel which I used to dip in and out of at various times of day when tied to my desk. This is now missing from the news home page. It's still possible via other routes, but none as intuitive as just going to the news page.
Device Context
"The presentation of the content however is terrible, and the need to do multiple page clicks to get to features that were on the main page before is a major criticism that appears repeatedly in users' responses, as is a general dislike of the overall dumbing down of the site and its increased reliance on video footage rather than well-written news reports." - Read
Example of previous Desktop article layout
Users of the desktop web site liked to see a fuller article summary under the headlines. These worked well along with 4 or 5 opinions about the story from multiple angles. This has all but been removed and reduced to a single headline, occasional sub headline and image. It's going to be hard to add this feature back into the web site as it'll take up too much space on a 6 square inch screen.
The desktop gets dumbed down to support the lowest common denominator.
"Articles now seem to be randomly scattered with no sense of order or [priority]." - Read
"Take the front page. Look at the old version. So easy to read. You just scan down. Now with the new version you have to dart your eyes all over the page. Not logical. Not readable. Definitely NOT usable. To say it has not been designed just for tablets and smartphones is misleading. It has." - Read
When there's more screen space available content can be laid out and categorised clearly, supported with additional information. Many comments relate to the scattered layout of previously well ordered articles.
Commenting on the changes Niko Vijayaratnam, Senior Product Manager, said "Releasing this new version is going to make us more cost effective going forward as we'll only need to maintain this single codebase (prior to this change we had to maintain both the 'desktop' and 'responsive' sites)".
Content Management Systems (CMS) and framework vendors like Microsoft bake techniques to produce multiple layouts driven by parameters such as device type, language, demographic or location into their products. As such I find this justification very hard to seriously accept. It either shows an ignorance of the technology now available or is indicative of a group think around RWD that has become gospel and is rarely challenged by facts or business return on investment.
Consider. If you're going to optimise a complex web site for different screens sizes you'll need to think about the way content will display on these different screens. With RWD alone the logic associated with these changes is implemented in the web browser such that a single page will adapt itself for each device. Media queries which typically underpin such logic are effectively logical "If" statements providing different instructions to the browser when certain conditions, typically screen, size are either true or false.
By using multiple server side layouts for the different devices (not necessarily m. web sites) the solutions available increase, but the thought process remains the same. The logic remains the same, the "If" logic and associated code just resides somewhere else. With the right tools the codebase remains the same.
With the right platform the best of all worlds can be achieved and a great user experience created which delivers improved return on investment without being constrained by an artificial concept of "one web".
Maybe me and the other people that bothered to analyse why we didn't like some aspects of this change shouldn't be so concerned and accept the dumbing down of the big screen as the digital world rushes for mobile first.
"The BBC has done lots of redesigns through the years. And it's always the same after a week, you can't remember what the previous version looked like. Yes, I have some small quibbles with the new design but it's still pretty good." - Read
Author: James Rosewell
Categories: Opinion
Tags: RWD
James Rosewell
Other posts by James Rosewell
What's wrong with DMEXCO.com?
Make the most of Responsive Images
Get more from responsive web design with device detection
91 Percent of Top 100 ETail Web Sites Don't Use Responsive Web Design
Debunking Google's Responsive Web Design "Preference"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All of our Gourmet Senseo Coffee Pods and accessories are shipped via USPS Priority Mail. The Original Senseo Coffee Machines are shipped via FedEx Home Delivery with a small handling charge. All S&H prices are clearly posted at checkout.
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The Original Senseo Coffee Machine shipping charge is $18.00. Each coffee brewer is shipped individually with no shipping discount for additional coffee brewer purchases.
Our Senseo coffee brewer is shipped via FedEx Home Delivery individually, so there are no shipping discounts for additional brewers. The Original Senseo Coffee Machine is only available to the 48 continental United States (see below for AK and HI shipping info). Please note that coffee brewers must be shipped to physical addresses; no PO boxes or virtual addresses.
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"... a milestone week ..."
Here we are back in Paris after 3 weeks of fantastic discoveries!
Our first week in North Vietnam, organized with your agency, will remain a defining week as it was just perfect.
In 7 days we saw very different landscapes which were all beautiful. The trek to Sapa with the meeting of the Hmong ethnic group was superb in spite of the rain, the night at the Thais Blancs Mai Chau in the house on stilts in the middle of the rice fields was magical and the private cruise of 3 days in the bay of Halong also unforgettable. We were impressed by the excellent quality of the meals on the boat, the oysters, the fish, the octopus salad etc. were succulent. The staff was very friendly, the boat comfortable but will need a renovation. We do not regret having taken the option to spend 2 nights on the boat this allowed us to sail almost alone in the bay the first day and sleep in a secluded place. The island of Titop is to be avoided in our opinion because the place is much too frequent, too bad for the exceptional view of the top of the island on the whole bay.
The option of private travel with guide and driver was perfect for us 5, a big thank you to Chiep (very friendly guide and speaking a perfect French) who enlightened us on the history of Vietnam and made sure that we enjoy the maximum of our stay.
The visit of But Thap Pagoda on the way back to Hanoi is a must.
Good luck and long life to Authentik!


text:
Incidence and risk factors of delirium in surgical intensive care unit
Muhammad Asghar Ali1,
Madiha Hashmi2,
Waqas Ahmed3,
Syed Amir Raza1,
Muhammad Faisal Khan1,
Bushra Salim1
1Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
2Anaesthesiology, King's College London, London, UK
3Anaesthesiology, Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
Correspondence to Dr Muhammad Faisal Khan; mfaisal.khan{at}aku.edu
Received 23 July 2020
Revised 12 October 2020
Accepted 9 November 2020
Background To evaluate the incidence and modifiable risk factors of delirium in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of tertiary care hospital in a low-income and middle-income country.
Methods We conducted a single cohort observational study in patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to the SICU for >24 hours in Aga Khan University Hospital from January to December 2016. Patients who had pre-existing cognitive dysfunction were excluded. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist was used to assess delirium. Incidence of delirium was computed, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to observe the relationship between outcome and associated factors.
Results The average patient age was 43.29±17.38 and body mass index was 26.25±3.57 kg/m2. Delirium was observed in 19 of 87 patients with an incidence rate of 21.8%. Multivariable analysis showed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain score >4 and hypernatremia were strong predictors of delirium. Midazolam (adjusted OR (aOR)=7.37; 95% CI 2.04 to 26.61) and propofol exposure (aOR=7.02; 95% CI 1.92 to 25.76) were the strongest independent predictors of delirium while analgesic exposures were not statistically significant to predict delirium in multivariable analysis.
Conclusion Delirium is a significant risk factor of poor outcome in SICU. There was an independent association between pain, sedation, COPD, hypernatremia and fever in developing delirium.
Level of evidence IV.
Delirium in critically ill patients is common and distressing.1 The incidence of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) ranges from 45% to 87%.2 3 Despite its high incidence in literature, the data are scarce in the low-income and middle-income world, especially in surgical patients. One of the reasons may be less sensitization and training of ICU staff, which can delay in prompt diagnosis and management.3 It is mostly labeled as dementia, depression or ICU syndrome in literature.4
Arguably, delirium is a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality among ICU patients. It causes longer hospital stay, lower 6-month survival and cognitive impairment persisting even years after discharge.5 Therefore, it is recommended that all ICU patients are assessed for delirium using a validated tool, which is not very common in most ICUs.5 In a study, published in 2008, the risk was observed 73% in surgical and trauma patients.6
The cause of delirium is almost always multifactorial, dependent on certain predisposing and precipitating factors. Some of the predisposing factors are not modifiable, for example, age, gender, addiction, pre-existing cognitive impairment, pre-existing cardiac and pulmonary disease. Modifiable factors can be environmental and acute illness such as no visible daylight, no clock, no visits, sedation, increase in length of stay, fever, pain, tubes and catheters. It is important to find out the risk factors associated with our patients and introduce guidelines to minimize the modifiable factors therefore preventing delirium in ICU. Moreover, the data and incidence of delirium are scarce in surgical cohort.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of delirium in surgical ICU (SICU) of tertiary care hospital.
A single cohort prospective observational study was conducted in SICU of a teaching hospital. Our inclusion criteria included all those patients aged >18 years and had an ICU stay of >24 hours. Patients, who expired within 24 hours of admission, history of cognitive impairment, on any type of antipsychotic medications or patients with do not resuscitate status were excluded from the study because of the difficulty to assess delirium in this group. Patient's eligibility in this study was evaluated by one of the trained investigators. A predesigned proforma was filled. The proforma included age, gender, comorbid conditions like cardiac, respiratory and renal impairment (hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), reason of ICU admission, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Glasgow Coma Scale and daily use of sedatives, opioids, steroids or antipsychotics drugs. The sedation level was assessed by using Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS). Patients were daily evaluated until their SAS score was ≥4, so they could be assessed for delirium using the 8-item Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) every 8 hours until day 5 of ICU admission. Patient with an ICDSC score of 4 or higher was considered delirious. Analysis of whole blood count, arterial blood gases, biochemistry, culture and radiological examinations, such as chest X-ray, were performed as routine ICU measure as per physician discretion. We followed all clinical, laboratory findings and disease status, for instance, hypertension, respiratory diseases and DM as potential risk factor for delirium. Patients were followed until hospital discharge.
All statistical analyses were performed with the software SPSS V.19 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Incidence of delirium was computed by ICDSC and it was outcome variable. Age, body mass index (BMI), APACHE, hospital stay and ICU stay were estimated as mean±SD or median (25th–75th percentile) and analyzed by independent sample t-test or Mann-whiny U test between patients with and without delirium. Frequency and percentages were computed for all categorical variables and analyzed by χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. P values ≤0.05 were considered as statistically significant. In univariate analysis, those variables which had p value ≤0.20 were included in multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression with forwarding Wald test was used to observe the factors associated with delirium. The goodness of fit of the models was examined by using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests.
From January to December 2016, we screened prospectively 200 patients who were admitted to SICU. A total of 87 patients were included who followed the inclusion criteria (figure 1). The average age of the patient was 43.29±17.38 and BMI was 26.25±3.57 kg/m2. There were 62 (78.2%) male and 19 (21.8%) female patients. Comorbidities were observed in 57.7% (50/87) cases and a total of 26 patients had more than one comorbidity. Hypertension was found in 30 (34.5%), DM 17 (19.5%), COPD 13 (14.9%), IHD 7 (8%) and 19 (31.3%) had other comorbidities. Neurosurgical and general surgery procedure were commonly performed as presented in table 1.
Characteristics of the patients according to incidence of delirium
Flow diagram of patient in the study. DNR, do not resuscitate; ICU, intensive care unit; SICU, surgical intensive care unit.
Median APACHE II score, ICU stay and a hospital stay of the patients is also reported in table 1.
Delirium was assessed in five consecutive days in three time points on each day, there were 9.2% (8/87) patients who had delirium on day 1, 8.6% (6/79) on day 2, 2.7% (2/73) on day 3, 1.4% (1/71) on day 4 and 2.9% (2/70) on day 5. Cumulative incidence of delirium was observed in 21.8% (19/87) during the ICU stay. The onset of delirium commonly occurring on second day was 73.6% (14/19). In univariate analysis, COPD, fever, pain score >4 on visual analog scale, agitation, sedation, hypernatremia (Na >145), length of ICU stay ≥7 days and mortality were significantly high in those patients who developed delirium (table 2).
Factors associated with delirium in univariate analysis
Midazolam and propofol were 4 times more likely to develop delirium as well as analgesic medication pethidine was also more likely to develop delirium in univariate analysis (table 3).
Sedative and analgesic medication as risk factor of delirium in univariate analysis
The stepwise multivariable logistic regression showed that increasing OR of COPD, inadequate pain relief (pain score >4) and hypernatremia were strong predictors of delirium (table 4) and in another model regarding the medication of sedation, midazolam (adjusted OR (aOR)=7.37; 95% CI 2.04 to 26.61) and propofol exposure (aOR=7.02; 95% CI 1.92 to 25.76) were the strongest independent predictors of delirium. Analgesic medications were not significant to predict delirium in multivariable analysis (table 5).
Factors associated with delirium in multivariable logistic regression
Multivariable analysis of sedative medication as risk factor associated with delirium
The overall incidence of delirium in our study is 21.8% in SICU, which is in the range, reported in the literature.7 8 However, higher incidence was found in many other studies which is explained by differences in definitions of delirium, ICU population (medical or surgical), the severity of illness and the diagnostic tool used.7 9 10 It is observed in our study that inadequate pain control, use of sedatives, hypernatremia and COPD are strongly related to development of delirium.
The relationship between opioid analgesics and delirium in critical care patients appear complex especially when examining the literature, given the seemingly conflicting results of observational studies. In ICU population, where opioids are used most often to treat pain (eg, in trauma and burn ICU populations), treatment with opioid analgesics has been associated with a reduced risk of delirium.11 Conversely, in general medical and SICU populations, where opioids are frequently used for sedation (either alone or in conjunction with other sedating medications, particularly benzodiazepines), treatment with opioid analgesics has been associated with an increased risk of delirium, particularly when their use induces a coma.11–13 However, there is significant reduction in delirium with good pain control.14
Apart from acute illness, delirium can be precipitated by administration of certain medications. These are antihistamines, anticholinergics, antibiotics, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines and metoclopramide.15 Investigators have reported the use of lorazepam and midazolam are the independent risk factors for the development of ICU delirium, which is consistent with our findings. The absence of sedation protocol explains this result; but sedation, especially benzodiazepine, was implicated in delirium several times. In a study, including trauma and postoperative patients, midazolam increased the risk of delirium by twofold to threefold7; hence, many studies were conducted to find an alternative for midazolam. Dexmedetomidine seems to be the most attractive choice in current literature.
Literature reported the risk of delirium is high in various diseases, for instance, hypertension, DM, myocardial ischemia, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular diseases, heart failure and COPD.16 This study underlined the presence of COPD as significant risk in the development of delirium in SICU. The most possible explanation is the occurrence of psychological disturbances caused by hypoxemia, hypercapnia and tobacco withdrawal. Furthermore, patients with COPD are frequently treated with corticosteroids, which is itself a risk factor for delirium but in this study, steroid association with delirium could not be ascertained. Most of the patients were prescribed intravenous hydrocortisone for the treatment of septic shock.
The presence of electrolyte disorders or an abnormal electrolyte channel is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders including dementia.17 Several previous studies have shown that fluid/electrolyte disorders are closely related to delirium.18 19 In the present study, we found that the risk of postoperative delirium in patients with electrolyte disturbances (hypernatremia; serum sodium >145) was higher than that of individuals with normal electrolytes. The result of this study is comparable to previous paper that described disturbance in sodium level was a very important risk factor for delirium.20 We believe that an effective balance of fluid and electrolytes is important for the prevention of delirium in ICU.
Fever is also an important risk factor in the development of delirium in ICU. In univariate analysis, we have found a significant correlation between fever and delirium. Elevated body temperature increases brain metabolic activity and the demand for oxygen supply to the brain, which might compromise cerebral cellular metabolism in old patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Fever is probably usually a symptom of infections, which could give rise to mental changes as a result of cytokines and/or bacterial toxins and cerebral metabolic changes.21 In our study, all-cause hospital mortality was higher in patients with delirium, which is consistent with the current data available on delirium.21 22
The data from low-income andmiddle-income countries worldwide describing the prevalence of delirium are limited as most of the representation comes from Europe and high-income countries. What is the risk of delirium in low-income andmiddle-income countries? Not very much explicit from published papers. On this subject, these data can be a source of information related to the incidence of delirium to better understand its pattern and outcome. It will also help in designing appropriate future clinical studies.
This study has some shortcomings as it was a single-center study. Follow-up was restricted to 5 days only; therefore, we were not able to address the impact of delirium on long-term morbidity and mortality in our population. Delirium is managed with various ways (ie, physical restraint, sedatives, antipsychotics), and such diverse approaches may have impact on clinical outcomes. Also delirium was measured as a dichotomous variable without taking into consideration the severity and duration. Considering that delirium is a predictor of mortality, prolonged cognitive impairment and higher cost of care, interventional studies should be conducted to determine whether alternative management strategies are associated with reductions in delirium and other short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in the critically ill population.
Delirium is a significant entity with poor outcome in SICU. Inadequate pain control, sedative medication, COPD, hypernatremia and fever are important modifiable risk factors, which should be controlled with appropriate management. More studies are warranted to confirm these findings in surgical group of patients distinctively.
Contributors AAA, MH, WA and MH developed the concept of study. AAA and SAR contributed to the study question and design. AAA, MH, WA, FK and BS contributed in literature search data analysis and interpretation; prepared the draft of the report and contributed to subsequent versions. AAA and BS contributed in drafting of the final report. MH, WA, AR and MFK contributed to the data analysis and interpretation, and drafting of the final report. All authors approved the final version. AAA is the guarantor.
Ethics approval This study was approved by Aga Khan University Ethics Committee (3210-Ana-ERC-14) and participants gave informed consent before taking part.
Data availability statement Data are available on reasonable request.
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text:
Palmarès

Olimpiadi
1 medaglia:
1 bronzo (Los Angeles 1984 nei pesi mosca leggeri)

Giochi centramericani e caraibici
1 medaglia:
1 bronzo (Santiago 1986 nei pesi mosca leggeri)

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Modern, bright apartment for rent located on the 1st floor of a newly built house in a quiet location in Prague 9 - Hrdlořezy. The interior of the apartment for rent (58 sqm) offers entrance hall with built-in wardrobe, living room with entrance to a large balcony (11 sqm) and fully equipped kitchenette, bedroom, bathroom with tub, technical room and extra toilet. The apartment is furnished. There is garage space, which is included in the rent. Nice living next to the park Tresnovka, good access to the center, close tram stop Spojovací and shopping center Kaufland. Fees: 4.305 CZK/per month. The interested client has been made aware of the payment of commission in the amount of one month's rent plus VAT.


(D-53rd District: most of the city of Ann Arbor; and parts of Ann Arbor, Pittsfield, and Scio townships), P.O. Box 30014, Lansing 48909. (517) 373-2577. 2-year term expires Jan. 2017.
D-55th District: parts of the cities of Ann Arbor and Milan; Augusta Township, and parts of Ann Arbor, Pittsfield, and York townships), P.O. Box 30014, Lansing 48909. (517) 373-1792. (855) 936-5355. 2-year term expires Jan. 2017.
D-12th District: cities of Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti, and townships of Ann Arbor, Pittsfield, and Ypsilanti. Two-year term expires Jan. 2017. Rep. Debbie Dingell is the wife of John Dingell, the longest-serving member of Congress who retired in 2014.
116 Cannon House Office Bldg.


This bike pic Sunday, while digging through the archives we caught this young biker chick taking a break, enjoying a tasty treat.
View the new Bike/Hike Winter Planning Guide for more fun rides and events in 2019.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged 2019 bike planning guide, bike guide, Bike pic, Bike Ride, biker dude, ice cream, Ice cream smiles, Ice Cream Smiles Sunday, pic of the day, sunday fun day, sunday smiles on February 24, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.
This bike pic Sunday, while digging through the archives we caught this young biker dude enjoying a tasty treat with thoughts of more fun.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged 2019 bike planning guide, bike guide, Bike pic, Bike Ride, biker dude, ice cream, Ice cream smiles, Ice Cream Smiles Sunday, pic of the day, sunday fun day, sunday smiles on February 16, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.
On this bike pic Sunday, with a perfect bold north weather day we found this photo of young biker chick enjoying a tasty treat. The photo was taken last summer at the LaCrosse Bicycle Fest.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged 2019 bike planning guide, bike guide, Bike pic, Bike Ride, biker chick, ice cream, Ice cream smiles, Ice Cream Smiles Sunday, La Crosse WI, pic of the day, sunday fun day, sunday smiles on February 10, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.
Looking through the summer archive we found this burr Saturday bike pic of a dude riding across Iowa. See more fun photo on the RAGBRAI 2018 website.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged Across Iowa, bike guide, Bike Iowa, Bike pic, bike touring, family memories, Free maps, Iowa, Monday morning sun, picture perfect, RAGBRAI, ride right, road biking, touring on February 9, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged 2019 bike planning guide, bike guide, Bike pic, Bike Ride, biker chick, ice cream, Ice cream smiles, Ice Cream Smiles Sunday, La Crosse WI, pic of the day, sunday fun day, sunday smiles on February 3, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.
Bike Pic Jan 27, ice cream smiles Sunday creates fond memories!
On this bike pic Sunday, looking through the archives we found this photo of this biker dude enjoying a tasty treat. The pic was taken in the town square while on a bike/bike barge trip in the Netherlands.
This entry was posted in Picture of the Day and tagged 2019 bike planning guide, bike guide, Bike pic, Bike Ride, bike the netherlands, biker family, ice cream, Ice cream smiles, Ice Cream Smiles Sunday, Netherlands, pic of the day, sunday fun day, sunday smiles on January 27, 2019 by Russ Lowthian.


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Search Results for: florida club market report
The Florida Club July 2020 Market Report
07.15.20 by Gabe Sanders
As of July 2020, there are 3 Florida Club homes for sale in Stuart FL. List prices range from $364,900 up to $579,900. This is an average list price of $453,267 which works out to $201.50 per sq. ft. of living area.
There are 7 homes under contract awaiting closing. The list prices ranged from $266,800 up to $554,900. This equals an average list price of $355,086 which works out to $189.54 per sq. ft. of living area. These homes averaged 99 days on the market before going under contract.
In the past 12 months, 39 homes have sold in the Florida Club. Sales prices ranged from $254,000 up to $535,000 for an average sales price of $364,197 which equals $189.05 per square foot of living area. These homes were on the market for an average of 60 days before going under contract. They sold for an average of 96% of list price.
Click here to view recent Florida Club market reports!
About the Florida Club:
Conveniently located at the gateway to Stuart, Florida and Martin County, the Florida Club is a DiVosta built golf club community located off Kanner Highway and within minutes of I-95. This non-equity golf club community consists of 433 homes. 113 homes in the estate's section of the Florida Club featuring larger lots and spacious estate-sized homes. Many with both lake or golf course views and a few with both. The remaining Florida Club homes feature either single-family or attached one-story villas, many also with golf course and/or lake views. Residents of the Florida Club can enjoy daily golf or if they wish can forgo being a member and just enjoy the benefits of living in a wonderful gated community without the expense of golf club membership. Additionally, for those wishing to play only occasional (or just seasonal) golf, the Florida Club is open for non-members.
Perfect for anyone who wants the convenience of easy access to I-95 with Palm Beach, Fort Lauderdale and Miami, just a quick trip to the south and Orlando to the north. Yet still only minutes to the wonderful Atlantic Beaches of both Stuart or Hobe Sound and Jupiter Island.
The Martin County location ensures low property taxes and 'A' rated school system. Enjoy the Florida sunshine and all that this friendly neighborhood has to offer.
The monthly homeowners association fees are $230.00 to $260.00 depending on the section the home is located in. There is also a one-time capital contribution of $600.00 charged for all home buyers. For more information about golf at the Florida Club January 2020 Market Report please visit their website: Florida Club Web Site.
Search links:
Search for all Florida Club Homes for Sale in Stuart Florida
Recent market reports:
Schooner Oaks Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 30, 2023
High Point Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 29, 2023
Copperleaf Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 28, 2023
Riverwood Condos Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 27, 2023
Jensen Park Estates Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 26, 2023
Circle Bay Real Estate Market Report January 2023 January 25, 2023
For more Stuart Florida area real estate information contact Gabe Sanders or search for properties at GabeSanders.com
Please click on this link for the latest market reports for Martin County, Saint Lucie County, and the State of Florida.
The Florida Club January 2020 Market Report
As of January 2020, there are 11 Florida Club homes for sale in Stuart FL. List prices range from $275,000 up to $579,900 for an average list price of $362,191 which works out to $193.90 per sq. ft. of living area.
There are 2 homes under contract awaiting closing. The list prices were $434,900 up to $519,900. This equals an average list price of $477,400 which works out to $211.96 per sq. ft. of living area. These homes averaged 32 days on the market before going under contract.
In the past 12 months, 43 homes have sold in the Florida Club with sales prices ranging from $254,000 up to $535,000 for an average sales price of $364,298 which equals $186.71 per square foot of living area. The average days on market before going under contract was 52 days with a 98% list to sales price ratio.
View all of our listings
View past Florida Club market reports
Stuart Florida Real Estate is presented by:
the Gabe Sanders real estate team
As of July 2019, there are 5 Florida Club homes for sale in Stuart FL. List prices range from $299,000 up to $410,000 for an average list price of $354,800 which works out to $192.50 per sq. ft. of living area.
There are 8 homes under contract awaiting closing. List prices ranged from $275,000 up to $579,900. This equals an average list price of $427,825 which works out to $188.33 per sq. ft. of living area. These homes averaged 90 days on the market before going under contract.
Conveniently located at the gateway to Stuart, Florida and Martin County, the Florida Club is a DiVosta built golf club community located off Kanner Highway and within minutes of I-95. This non-equity golf club community consists of 433 homes. 113 homes in the estate's section of the Florida Club featuring larger lots and spacious estate sized homes. Many with both lake or golf course views and a few with both. The remaining Florida Club homes feature either single family or attached one-story villas, many also with golf course and/or lake views. Residents of the Florida Club can enjoy daily golf or if they wish can forgo being a member and just enjoy the benefits of living in a wonderful gated community without the expense of golf club membership. Additionally, for those wishing to play only occasional (or just seasonal) golf, the Florida Club is open for non-members.
The monthly homeowners association fees are $230.00 to $260.00 depending on the section the home is located in. There is also a one time capito; contribution of $600.00 charged for all home buyers. For more information about golf at the Florida Club July 2019 Market Report please visit their website: Florida Club Web Site.
Stuart, Florida
As of January 2019, there are 5 Florida Club homes for sale. List prices range from $299,000 up to $459,900 for an average list price of $394,580 which works out to $198.92 per sq. ft. of living area.
Google Earth image
The monthly homeowners association fees are $230.00 to $260.00 depending on the section the home is located in. There is also a one time capito; contribution of $600.00 charged for all home buyers. For more information about golf at the Florida Club January 2019 Market Report please visit their website: Florida Club Web Site.
As of July 2018, there are 3 Florida Club homes for sale. List prices range from $425,000 up to $459,000 for an average list price of $434,725 which works out to $210.40 per sq. ft. of living area.
There are 3 homes under contract awaiting closing. List prices ranged from $309,888 up to $429,315 for an average list price of $359,401 which works out to $191.18 per sq. ft. of living area. These homes averaged 88 days on the market before going under contract.
For more information about golf at the Florida Club July 2018 Market Report please visit their website: Florida Club Web Site and watch their welcome video below:
FIND ANYTHING ON OUR SITE
St. Lucie County Single Family Homes 2022 4th Quarter Report January 30, 2023
Martin County Townhouses and Condos 2022 4th Quarter Report January 29, 2023
Martin County Single Family Homes 2022 4th Quarter Report January 28, 2023
Florida Townhouses and Condos 2022 4th Quarter Report January 27, 2023
Florida Single Family Homes 2022 4th Quarter Report January 26, 2023
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Reid delighted to achieve GB goal
Promising Murrayfield Racers 'D' man Ethan Reid says he's looking forward to the challenge of playing for Great Britain U18 this season. Reid was one of five Scottish-based players chosen to represent GB at their World Championship tournament in Hungary during April. The 16-year-old has been an impressive performer for the Racers this season, helping...


A flat fronted Victorian house arranged over four storeys. The house has been a wonderful family home for many years, and offers the scope for a new owner/family to adapt to ones own tastes (subject to relevant permissions). The house is currently arranged as four bedrooms, two bathrooms, double reception room and open plan kitchen dining room. To the rear is a town garden and to the front are two front doors for main and secondary access. The house retains period features and good ceiling heights.
Northchurch Road is highly convenient for easy access to Essex Road station, whilst Angel and Highbury & Islington stations are a short walk away. There are excellent bus routes on Essex Road leading to the City and the West End. Sainsbury's and Tesco are around the corner and Upper Street is also close by.


On the Essence of Change. What you will encounter is You.
What you will encounter is You.
If you want lasting change, then first appreciate what you already have. Because if you can't do that, then you also won't be able to appreciate what you have changed after you change.
Change is everything. Everything is change. Life is change. And yet we think and worry so much about this basic principle, which is autotelic and happens as an end unto itself in life – even entirely without our support. Self-help books are currently thriving on the idea of being able to wish for, work for, structure the right change – the emphasis being on »right«.
The craze for change in our day and age carries the danger of simply forgetting to experience, to live – perhaps even to appreciate – the various qualities of the here and now. Instead, we turn our attention to what needs changing – what shouldn't be as it is.
The aim of my art, my SensorySpaces, is to revitalize people in the here and now – and not to change them. My aim is to open DevelopmentSpaces in people for the individual potential that everyone has within them. The resulting revitalization of the relationship between the interior and the exterior, between the self and the world, can consequently be the fertile soil for enhancements and changes. Ultimately, however, this can only be achieved permanently if people can carve out this process of change without restriction – of their own accord and in line with their own, usually subconscious principle of self-organization.
That being the case, if my SensorySpaces have another sense other than what they are, then that sense is probably that they can revitalize people in their sense – without outwardly aiming at changing and improving the world.
just as much as I like what I want.
And that I also want to be what I am.


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Northumbria graduates support growth of local business
Newcastle based marketing agency expands their portfolio of clients with the help of Northumbria graduates.
Established in 2005, O Communications is an evolving creative agency, covering design, and digital and strategic marketing.
The Northumbria Enterprise and Business Support 2 (NEBS2) scheme from Northumbria University, offers financial assistance and expert advice to SMEs thanks to funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Through this scheme, O Communications employed Sam, International Sports Management graduate at Northumbria University as an intern.
"Stepping into this role was a natural progression for me. I had always been interested in PR and had done a lot of research into sporting influencers as part of my university dissertation," Sam said.
"Working for the Consumer PR team, presented me with the opportunity to explore this further, and so much beyond that. I gained experience in various areas including, influencer marketing, media outreach, content creation and event planning. Having not worked in the industry before, I was really motivated to get stuck in and eager to do a good job. As a result, I was offered a permanent position at the agency."
"I'm grateful for the skills and experience my internship has given me and would recommend all graduates looking to gain valuable insight into the industry they're hoping to step into, to consider a similar role."
Lauren Regan, Associate Director of O Communications said: "As an agency we believe in doing what we can to drive careers forward, which drew us to NEBS2. We have employed a few graduate interns through the scheme and each one has brought real value to the company. Having Sam on board, brings a new set of ideas and creates the space for us to win new clients.
"NEBS2 has given us that extra bit of support, which we needed in order to continue growing at such a fast pace. Northumbria has always produced us with high quality graduates, who are brilliant additions to the team and Sam has been exceptional. So much so that we are delighted to have offered him a permanent position on the team."
Available to businesses in Tyne and Wear and Northumberland, NEBS2 will run until June 23 to provide a package of services to enhance the competitiveness and growth of SMEs, and to support the creation of new graduate enterprises. Businesses who are looking at ways to recruit highly skilled interns, are encouraged to apply via our website.
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EXPERT COMMENT: Why thieves using e-scooters are targeting farms to steal £3,000 quad bikes, and what farmers can do to prevent it
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Hopefully, the patients and the public will through such means become better aware of how much they have been deprived when they are without the professional guidance of the pharmacists on how to manage their medications. They will then learn to ask, to seek and to find.
Our pharmacists must at the same time play our roles to bridge the gap between clinicians and patients. One reminder is that there may be many clinical indications when certain drugs are prescribed. If we have doubts, we should seek to communicate with the prescriber so as to clarify the purpose and intentions of the prescriber. In no way should the pharmacists attempt to make guesses or jump to conclusions. It is through working together with the clinicians that we can build up the synergy and augment each other's roles and functions. We do not wish to cause confusion or risk our relationship with either the patients or the clinicians.


I wanted to animate the tutorial from the get-go, but didn't have any ideas of how to make it entertaining. I had a different idea and the audio already recorded (basic spoken instructions with some bad jokes thrown in) but I hated it. Anywho, on the way home from work, nothing was on the radio, so I started playing with the "I am T-pain" app on my iphone, picked the "bartender" track and improvised the audio in this Flash. After that I just did some [very] limited animation with the screenshots I had for the text version of the tutorial that got scrapped.
tl;dr version: I freestyled the song in the car and drew pictures to it.
Yeah, it was good, yeah!
I just didn't got anything good to say!
I didn't learn anything! But for your sweet tunes and humor I'll give ya 4,5 stars.
* An entertaining, but helpful tutorial. It's not all the time I come across a tutorial as entertaining as this is.
* Screenshots to back up the song so that it's precise. Screenshots in a tutorial are always a plus.
* Mildly corny but it served its purpose so who cares!!!!!!!!!
* Nice, entertaining tutorial overall. I enjoyed it.
Using this coaching method you too can be molded into a Number One!