Makarrata Garden Tarrangower is a community engaged sculpture project to research habitat of Powerful Owl & Duan (Brush Tailed Phascogale) and educate ourselves about the history of Dja Dja Wurrung people and celebrate their living Culture. Growing a Makarrata Garden in the hearts and minds of the Tarrangower Community. Makarrata is much more than just a synonym for truth and reconciliation or treaty. It is a complex Yolngu word describing a process of conflict resolution, peacemaking and justice. Funded by a Regional Centre for Culture Creative Victoria Local Grant.
The project is being led by Maldon artist Forest Keegel in consultation with Dja Dja Wurrung people.
Forest Keegel invited people of all genders from the Tarrangower area to Maldon Neighbourhood Centre to form a weaving group. Dja Dja Wurrung Traditional Owner, Master Weaver Aunty Marilyne Nicholls generously taught us about Traditional Victorian Coil Weaving Culture, weaving techniques and how to weave with raffia .We learnt some of the protocols around respecting Traditional Cultural practices: the importance of acknowledging our teacher and drawing from our own cultural traditions without appropriating Indigenous practices. We gained an insight into the tenacity and strength of dedication First Peoples have to pass on practices from the Oldest Living Culture, which Settlers did their best to extinguish. We met monthly for 6 months. Weaving and yarning in a circle as we grew skills and enjoyed the simple pleasure of coil weaving together and the magical intimacy and connection that only a weaving circle offers. Culminating in an exhibition at Exhibit B in Bendigo until 25 October and at the Maldon Neighbourhood Centre on October 27 .
People came along to contribute to the Makarrata Garden Tarrangower visioning on May 27th planning together for a collaborative sculpture. The project continued with Indigenous planting, conversations and sculptural nest box creation and including Maldon Focus' Quarterly Conversation La Larr Ba Gauwa by Indigenous leader Rodney Carter CEO of Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation on Monday 2nd July.
Makarrata Garden Tarrangower forges connections between the Tarrangower community and local Indigenous cultural heritage of the Traditional Owners, the Dja Dja Wurrung people. We want a Makaratta Garden to grow in the hearts and minds of those who live in Tarrangower (Maldon & environs) – strengthening their connection to the land and to the Traditional Custodians – the Dja Dja Wurrung.
Regional Centre for Culture 2018 is a year-long celebration of arts, culture and community in Victoria's regions. To find out more about this project, please contact Maldon Neighbourhood Centre on 5475 2093 or email info@maldonnc.org.au or check out our website or Facebook page.
Everyone is invited to have input and share ideas for a collaborative sculpture which will respond to the MaGaTa (Makarrata Garden Tarrangower) themes- honouring Dja Dja Wurrung Culture and local threatened species- Powerful Owl & Duan (Brush-tailed Phascogale)The sculpture might include indigenous plants, nest boxes and other elements of habitat creation.
Regular sessions will be held on Thursday afternoons at the Neighbourhood centre to create the sculpture.
Over 200 hundred years ago experts managed this land they did so through the accepted scientific process of observation. Observations not solely by inward looking in their analysis but by direct engagement with the landscape and the appropriate utilisation of its natural resources.
As one of the oldest living cultures in the world the Dja Dja Wurrung are as first people and the first conservationists. And within the principal of true conservation our spiritual beliefs came into being, our enjoyment of life, committed us as a people through ceremony, the songs and dance the stories that ensured appropriate behaviour. This creaated structure around our Lore.
The Dja Dja Wurrung had at that time the right management in place for their landscape and lifeways. Testament to this is the analysis of the landscape by Bill Gammage, which through his analysis and interpretation of images, diaries and journals, sees the landscape as the greatest estate on earth, looking like manicured parklands. And He states that Aboriginal people managed land in a far more systematic and scientific fashion than had ever been imagined.
Over the last twenty years of my life, I have had conversations with Victorian Foresters, employees of government who talk of this landscape and how older generations had taught them and told them of stories of the diminishing woodlands and fencing of open grasslands. Though they were charged with managing Timber for modern utilisation and were applying silviculture, they had heard stories of how the landscape once looked and felt. These Foresters and the Pastoralists before them had been Gardening the Environment to suit their ongoing purposes, their fault in applying their process was not how to understand how the Landscape had been managed before them.
My Ancestors had been Gardening the Environment they are creators of the open woodlands that allowed animals to freely move and graze in the dappled shade of trees with bigger canopies and understory plants to flourish in the warmth and shelter of those big timbers that proudly gazed upon the adjacent Plains of Grasses and edible fields of plants like Myrnong.
And how can a First People achieve this, they were and sometimes are still looked upon as, quaint, un-intelligent and barbaric when the new comer's values are imposed upon us.
The Dja Dja Wurrung as the first peoples of Central Victoria are the first modern peoples to undertake ceremony in any form and this has been confirmed through archaeology over 30,000 years ago at the area of Ravenswood evidence is to be found of our lifeways and using ochres, by physical anthropology and genetics we are modern people and even geomorphology where through the last Pleistocene ending some 11,700 years ago, we still shared landscape with glacial type features and megafauna. Our stories some so old teach us of landscape creation through volcanic processes, and those stories teach us how to respectfully treat each other and the land our mother.
In terms of group social evolution, we were and are a modern people. And our stories and how we want to be today because of this imposed modern world are not for others to impose upon us, for what we believe is right. If others impose it is modern disposition, it is modern colonisation and colonialism, it is dis-empowerment of us, our land and our Ancestors.
My ancestors never gave up believing in their culture and the complex systems of land management that we in partnership are required to explore today.
Given the disruptions in our recent history, remembering our shared history is insignificant in linear terms, but massive in terms of the effects upon the experts being excluded from the management of the lands and waters, the natural resources that the state and others has been caretaking for us. The First People are not the Custodians as most like to commonly suggest we are, this term devalues my rightful place to choose my destiny, it is others that are the custodians and Caretakers, my inherent right, which I will never cede, as my Ancestors did never cede gives me clarity to who I am.
We are now at a point in history were the Traditional Owners of this state have been respected enough, acknowledged enough by the state that we can be partners. As Traditional Owners our relationship with the state from my eyes can be seen mostly negative but not all doom and gloom because as the First People we are proud of who we are and our survival.
If you can, this perspective must be viewed through my eyes, this can and should allow through caring and opportunity to be compassionate. This is the shift that all servants of government and the broader public must take as the Traditional Owner agreements like the Dja Dja Wurrung Recognition and Settlement Agreement lives beyond elections, and changes in Departmental names and should become of our day to day business as we are partners with the State.
So here we are, partners from this point forward in the future of Victoria and Dja Dja Wurrung Country. Attempting not to redress the past injustices faced by my people, where my inherent rights can be seen as a threat to the states caretaking, but make sure the steps we now take forward build a very positive future for not only my children but for your children also.
So, in true partnership we move forward, but today many of the Servants to their master's struggle to understand this vision and so to constructively implement the Dja Dja Wurrung world view.
The public face to implement the mechanisms of the Traditional Owner Settlement Act 2010 Legislation are the Officers required to Regulate our World, they are the best-appointed people that the state has, and to deal with a legislative process regarding the protection of Dja Dja Wurrung Country.
The Dja Dja Wurrung challenge this process in so far it is my People that require resourcing to now effectively assist the implementation and ensure the success of current and future Recognition and Settlement Agreements with the state. Underpinning these agreements and very closely in line with governments premise of the Recognition and Settlement Agreement with the Dja Dja Wurrung is the success of economic independence and empowerment. This can not be achieved if the State and others do not share their resources. And sharing is OK it ensures good partnerships, and the outcomes are achieved, and the objectives are met, but it empowers the Dja Dja Wurrung and we are allowed to lead.
For us to lead we are sometimes challenged by western views of science about Traditional Owner scientific expertise and inherent knowledge, but how good is this knowledge and what is it?
2^ Dr Richard Gillespie, Creative Producer, Melbourne Museum 'Gallery of Life' 1994 and their pre and post seasonal moderations. He says we just haven't been here long enough!
What is key in Landscape management, and even Gardening the Environment is Time, and a lot of time is needed to affect a form of Landscape Management from a Dja Dja Wurrung world view.
We all share an awareness of natural processes and modern world processes upon the landscape. But this modern society that we are a part of has been playing catch up since it took control from us not too long ago and all the while we have watched others doing things their own way and seen the changes that have been made and the influences on the world around us, our science, our songs and stories tell us of how the world was and should be. Dja Dja Wurrung need before anything else Food and Fibre. Interestingly it is a modern area for Agriculture with their Policy interest in Food and Fibre for modern products.
From any scientific process data is king, and large data sets are the best, and for collection to be over as long a period of time as possible, and observational analysis is just, and for First Peoples in Australia it is generational.
My people's aspirations based upon our old people's land management is seen in the Dja Dja Wurrung Dhelkunya Dja Country Plan, this is our desire to put things right in caring for country, to make us and the land well again. The Dhelkunya Dja Country Plan is from 2014-2034 and is our Strategic Plan for a form of wellness.
The world that we are all now charged with managing is based upon my people's practices, and as managers of natural resources and land scapes. It is what most Australians find interesting and connects all of us to the environment and landscape if we are interested in it. It is all peoples connections that drives the diverse interests in threatened and endangered species and why Australia commits Millions of dollars each year to species management, to protect the environment and its eco-systems. The Plan for Protecting Victoria's Environment 'Biodiversity 2037' has attempted to communicate a new approach to managing eco-systems, and though it has very strong support, there are some that challenge these new approaches and they would want to continue the way things have always been managed.
But we must adapt and try new things? But why and only for just one reason modern humans have begun, the Holocene extinction^3, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly because of human activity.
^3 Holocene Extinctions. Samuel T. Turvey, editor.
Although extinction is a natural phenomenon, it occurs at a natural "background" rate of about one to five species per year. Scientists estimate we're now losing species at 1,000 to 10,000 times the background rate, with literally dozens going extinct every day.
What are humans trying to achieve today? When they look to the past in its entirety as a frozen moment in time and say "yes that is how it must be".
A principal view of the world for Dja Dja Wurrung is of Gardening the environment and historically this has been founded upon our belief systems. The state and others are increasingly understanding our Vision, and as we can see today our legislative and regulatory processes still base much of its views upon the frozen moment and what things looked like in the past, but things are slowly improving.
We look at our landscape in terms of people who are not part of landscape but as humans we impact upon the landscape and we try to manage it in that context. There is a real need now for this context to change and put Dja Dja Wurrung people back into the landscape. We want Gurri, Barramul, Murnong food and fibre, we want Kapa Gatjin healthy water and the Wanyarram Dhelk systems of water to work for Djandaks Murrup natures benefit, we want Dhelkunya Dja clean country and sweep it gently with Djandak Wii 'Dja Dja Wurrung Fire'.
Much of what we need to progress in this type of thinking will be based upon the people within government that can comprehend the Dja Dja Wurrung way of thinking about the environment.
The Dja Dja Wurrung from 200 years ago has come forward in our thinking to meet the needs of the modern worlds management after an imposed holiday not of our choosing.
We still have much of what we have learnt we are still the experts but during that holiday somebody changed our backyard and created laws to 'Protect' it from themselves, but what is it they are really protecting, they are protecting themselves from the lifeways that my ancestors followed, it is the regulation of the Landscape my Ancestors created.
Positively the state now recognises our need to be involved in the management of our lands and waters and our future generations will inherent the process and what achievements we can make.
The state wants us to move forward so Dja Dja Wurrung can again decide how this gardening of the environment will take place. This will require innovative and creative thinking by all involved and challenge the very flawed thinking of managing the landscape similar to a zoo or a botanical garden where the world is viewed as humans looking upon, and not being a part of the landscape.
The Dja Dja Wurrung are part of the Landscape and it owns us, and we will work for it.
• Ensure our full range of rights and interests are legally recognised and reflected in the policies of government.
• Advance reconciliation with the broader community by sharing our stories, values and customs.
• Make use of our cultural heritage to promote healing and reconciliation, teach Djaara people about their Country and laws, and raise cultural awareness among the broader community.
• Be accepted as legitimate users of natural resources.
• Share our creation stories to teach people how water works in the landscape.
• Have areas of land handed back that are sick and not being healed and be effectively resourced to conduct the required remediation.
• Have an active and engaged community that participates in all aspects of society.
Our right to self-determination is recognised by international law, and Dja Dja Wurrung people (Djaara) want that right to be respected and enabled here on our homeland. We have a right to participate fully in social, political and economic life, to protect and develop our unique identity, and to make decisions about our country.
Self-determination will allow us to work our way out of contemporary colonialism's racism, injustice and continuing dispossession and its negative effects on our daily lives.
We believe we have the right - and should have the opportunity - to manage our djandak (our land) and to earn income from it: as a group and as individuals. We believe that the wealth created from the resources of our country should applied to Djaara to end our economic and social disadvantage.
We want the right to work cooperatively with governments which respect our right to make our own decisions about what is good for us. Self-determination means others acknowledge our right to identify and achieve measures which overcome decades of disadvantage, lack of opportunity, discrimination and exclusion from decision-making. Self-determination means we can deal with government as properly-resourced equal partners. We need a fair share of public funds and community wealth which was built from the use of our country's resources to be able to do that.
Self-determination means we, as a distinct people with our own language and identity, will engage with government and pursue our economic, social and cultural development.
Self-determination means we have the right to mend our upside-down country and make decisions about how our country is to be managed. We want to be back on our land and visible on our land: we are of the land, we have responsibilities to the land, and we need to speak and be heard as the first people of the land.
Self-determination for Dja Dja Wurrung people means the right for us to live safely, and happily, and in comfort, and with purpose, according to our own values and beliefs. Self-determination means the right for us to be respected by others, to be proud Djaara, and to make our own way in life.
Self-determination means we are genuinely regarded as being as good as anyone else, but with a unique identity, history and knowledge. We want to have, and we want our children to have, the security of homeownership, healthy lifestyles and the opportunities of full education.
Self-determination means the Dja Dja Wurrung people are known and respected as the owners and managers and carers of our lands since humans first walked it.
• Leverage significant human, financial and information resources through the development of strategic partnerships and joint ventures.
• Decolonialise existing governance structures and processes, which have historically excluded and marginalised us, and require transformation to be culturally appropriate and reflect true sharing and partnership.


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India's first elephant hospital cheers animal activists, draws tourists
The facility is armed with facilities such as wireless digital X-Ray, thermal imaging, ultrasonography, and quarantine facilities. (Reuters)
Reuters, Mathura Sunday, 18 November 2018
At India's first hospital for elephants, opened last week in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, 49-year old Asha placed her left foreleg on a stool for a doctor to attend to an injury while visitors filmed it all on their mobile phones.
The facility, armed with facilities such as wireless digital X-Ray, thermal imaging, ultrasonography, tranquilization devices and quarantine facilities, has not only come as a respite to the elephants but is also attracting local and foreign tourists.
Elephants are an important part of India's culture and are prominently displayed in festivals and processions in the south of the country. They are also used as tourist attractions at several forts and palaces in the northern and western regions.
The hospital, inaugurated on Friday in the Hindu holy town of Mathura, is spread over 12,000 square feet and is designed to treat injured, sick or geriatric elephants.
"I think by building a hospital we are underlining the fact that elephants need welfare measures as much as any other animal," Geeta Seshamani, co-founder of Wildlife SOS, the non-profit behind the hospital, told Reuters TV.
"That captive elephants are not meant to be used and abused but instead have to be given the respect which an animal needs if you are going to be using the animal."
While elephants are revered as a cultural and religious symbol in India, they are also ill-treated by their unschooled mahouts and often fall victim to electrocution, poaching, train accidents and poisoning, animal rights activists say.
India's elephant population fell to 27,312 in 2017 from 29,391-30,711 in 2012, government data shows.
Hundreds of elephants across India, which accounts for more than half of Asia's elephant population, are held in captivity and sharp metal hooks are often used to pinch and tease them into subordination.
The hospital, on the banks of the Yamuna River, is close to an elephant conservation and care center run by Wildlife SOS that is home to 22 elephants.
Elizabeth Ritson, a tourist from Australia, said she was glad there was now a dedicated hospital for elephants in India.
"Look at them, they are so much happier and when you see the abuse that they have been through, the horrible shackles that were put on their feet and to see them all healed up, it's just really nice," she said.
Last Update: Sunday, 18 November 2018 KSA 14:24 - GMT 11:24
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Vaccine Derived from HER2 Protein May Help Prevent Breast Cancer Recurrence
GP 2 vaccine for HER2 positive breast cancer shows early promise.
by C.H. Weaver M.D. (05/2018)
A new breast cancer vaccine that is derived from the HER2 protein may help prevent recurrence in patients with HER2-positive disease and appears safe. Phase II study results of the vaccine were released at the 2014 Breast Cancer Symposium, September 4–6, in San Francisco.
The HER2 protein, also known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, is found on the surface of certain cancer cells, including breast cancer. In normal cells HER2 helps control cell growth. Cancer cells, however, can make too much of the protein, which can cause cells to grow more quickly and be more likely to spread to other parts of the body.
The HER2-derived vaccine, known as GP2, is designed to provoke the body's immune system to fight cancer by recognizing tumor cells that express HER2. It is administered in addition to standard breast cancer treatment, such as Hercpetin® (trastuzumab), with the goal of preventing recurrence.
To measure how effectively the GP2 vaccine might help prevent recurrence in women with HER2-postive breast cancer, researchers evaluated patients who were disease free after treatment with Hercpetin. A portion of participants (89) was randomly selected to receive the GP2 vaccine plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immunotherapy to stimulate an immune response, and another 91 patients received GM-CSF alone. Patient characteristics—including age, node status, tumor size, hormone receptor status, and HER2 expression—were similar between treatment groups. Both groups initially received six monthly vaccinations and then four boosters every six months.
At a median follow-up of 34 months, there were no recurrences among patients with the highest expression of HER2 who had received the GP2 vaccine. When the researchers analyzed results using an intend-to-treat method (meaning they included results for all patients who should have received a treatment regimen, even those who for whatever reason did not), they found that the disease-free survival rate was higher among those who received the GP2 vaccine: 88% versus 81% for those who received GM-CSF alone. This translated to a 37% reduction in recurrence. When the researchers excluded outcomes for patients who had a recurrence during their primary vaccination series or developed a second malignancy, the disease-free survival rate for patients who received the GP2 vaccine was 94% compared with 85% in unvaccinated patients; this meant that vaccinated patients had a 57% reduction in risk of recurrence. The GP2 vaccine appeared to be well tolerated, with similar toxicity (harmful effects) as GM-CSF alone (most were low grade and improved after taking acetaminophen).
Based on these findings, the GP2 vaccine appears promising in addition to standard therapy in women with HER2-positive breast cancer, as it might have the potential to safely and effectively prevent recurrences. The researchers also speculate that GP2 works with Herceptin in a specific way to stimulate immune response and that further research into this interaction is warranted.
Reference: Schneble EJ, Perez SA, Murray JL, et al. Primary Analysis of the Prospective, Randomized, Phase II Trial of GP2+GM-CSF Vaccine Versus GM-CSF Alone Administered in the Adjuvant Setting to High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients. 2014 Breast Cancer Symposium; September 4–6, 2014; San Francisco, CA. Abstract 134.
HER2 Vaccine May Reduce Breast Cancer Recurrence
Vaccine May Reduce Likelihood of Breast Cancer Recurrence
Taxol® Benefits Limited to HER2-positive Breast Cancer
Nerlynx Treatment of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer
FDA Approves Nerlynx for treatment of early and advanced stage HER2-positive breast cancer
Perjeta Treatment of HER2 positive Breast Cancer
Perjeta improves outcomes in early and advanced stage HER2-positive breast cancer, confirmed by 8 year follow up report.
HER2-Positive Breast Cancers Respond Better to Anthracyclines
Vaccine Shows Promising Results for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients
Is There a Vaccine for Breast Cancer?
New Agent Overcomes Drug Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer, Study Shows
New Agent Overcomes Drug Resistance in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer, Preclinical Study Shows


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Texas Case Law › Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Decisions › 1960 › Ex Parte Rubison
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Ex Parte Rubison
340 S.W.2d 815 (1960)
Ex parte John Leonard RUBISON.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.
*816 Ivan Irwin, Sr., Fowler Roberts, Dallas, for appellant.
Henry Wade, Dist. Atty., and Phil Burleson, Asst. Dist. Atty., Dallas, and Leon B. Douglas, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.
WOODLEY, Judge.
Applicant, being in custody of the Sheriff of Dallas County, applied to Hon. Henry King, Judge of Criminal District Court No. 2 of Dallas County, for writ of habeas corpus alleging that he was unlawfully restrained of his liberty, being "held for Sheriff of Ector County on charge of forgery."
On November 16, 1960, Judge King granted the writ; set hearing for November 18, 1960, and granted bail in the sum of $750.
Applicant made the bond and was released from custody.
Upon it being brought to the attention of Judge King that applicant had been indicted by the Grand Jury of Ector County for the felony offense for which he had granted the writ, Judge King directed that said writ be made returnable to the 70th Judicial District Court of Ector County for hearing on November 28, 1960, at 10 A.M., and applicant was remanded to the custody of the sheriff.
Judge King granted the application for habeas corpus presented to him pursuant to Art. 118, Vernon's Ann.C.C.P. and set the hearing in Dallas County. When he learned that the applicant was under indictment in Ector County and was in custody by reason of a capias issued in said county, it became his duty under the provisions of Art. 119, V.A.C.C.P. to make the writ returnable to Ector County for hearing there, which he did. Ex parte Patterson, 139 Tex.Cr.R. 489, 141 S.W.2d 319; Stakes v. Rogers, 139 Tex. 650, 165 S.W.2d 81.
This is an original application to this Court for habeas corpus in which the same relief is sought which is sought in the habeas corpus proceeding in which Judge King granted the writ.
It is true that applicant gave notice of appeal from the order of Judge King making the writ returnable for hearing in Ector County. Such order was not, however, one from which an appeal would lie.
To grant the application and issue writ of habeas corpus would sanction the *817 obtaining of a second writ of habeas corpus while the hearing on a writ which had been granted was pending, contrary to Art. 171, V.A.C.C.P. It would also require this Court to issue an order which in effect was a mandamus; that is, an order directing a sheriff to accept an appearance bond that had been tendered to him and release the defendant.
This Court's jurisdiction to issue mandamus extends only to cases where such writs are necessary to enforce the jurisdiction of this Court. We are without authority to order the Sheriff of Dallas County to accept applicant's bond to answer the felony charge in Ector County. Ex parte Newsom, 140 Tex.Cr.R. 83, 143 S.W.2d 956.
The application for habeas corpus is denied.
of Texas Court of Criminal Appeals opinions.


Anand is located in India at the longitude of 72.93 and latitude of 22.56. Baroda is located in USA at the longitude of 73.18 and latitude of 22.31 .
Driving Distance : 46 KM and 513 meters / 28.9 miles.
The total straight line distance between Anand and Baroda is 38 KM (kilometers) and 600 meters. The miles based distance from Anand to Baroda is 24 miles. This is a straight line distance and so most of the time the actual travel distance between Anand and Baroda may be higher or vary due to curvature of the road .
The driving distance or the travel distance between Anand to Baroda is 46 KM and 513 meters. The mile based, road distance between these two travel point is 28.9 miles.
The sun rise time difference or the actual time difference between Anand and Baroda is 0 hours , 1 minutes and 0 seconds. Note: Anand and Baroda time calculation is based on UTC time of the particular city. It may vary from country standard time , local time etc.
Anand is located around 38 KM away from Baroda so if you travel at the consistent speed of 50 KM per hour you can reach Baroda in 0 hours and 46 minutes. Your Baroda travel time may vary due to your bus speed, train speed or depending upon the vehicle you use.
Mid way point or halfway place is a center point between source and destination location. The mid way point between Anand and Baroda is situated at the latitude of 22.435924024888 and the longitude of 73.055255206247. If you need refreshment you can stop around this midway place, after checking the safety,feasibility, etc.
Baroda is located nearly South East side to Anand. The bearing degree from Anand To Baroda is 137 ° degree. The given South East direction from Anand is only approximate. The given google map shows the direction in which the blue color line indicates road connectivity to Baroda . In the travel map towards Baroda you may find en route hotels, tourist spots, picnic spots, petrol pumps and various religious places. The given google map is not comfortable to view all the places as per your expectation then to view street maps, local places see our detailed map here.
The following diriving direction guides you to reach Baroda from Anand. Our straight line distance may vary from google distance.
Travelers and visitors are welcome to write more travel information about Anand and Baroda.
It can be your previous travel experience between Anand and Baroda.
Tourist places or any other important places on the routes between Anand and Baroda.
Photos related to Anand and Baroda or en route.


Crama Halewood, gama Byzantium, Blanc de Transilvanie, cupaj Gewurztraminer, Pinot Gris, Reisling,vin alb, vin sec.
New Transylvanie Blanc is a blend of three varieties: Gewurztraminer, Pinot Grigio and Rhein Riesling grapes are coming from our vineyards in the region Sebes Alba.
Fri complex and round, pale yellow, with each variety contributes a whole blending: floral bouquet and flavor of Gewurztraminer's unique, robust structure and lively acidity due Pinot Grigio's, complexity, mineral notes and citrus tones made by Rhein Riesling.
It is the perfect companion for fish, seafood or other white meat. Can be served with salads, grilled vegetables or Asian cuisine.


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31 Jump to Comments
Ed Toro
Posted on Nov 6, 2018 • Updated on Apr 23, 2020
Teaching Functional Programming: Two Big Picture Approaches
#functional #ruby #elixir #javascript
Functional Programming (FP) has been around just as long, if not longer than, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). But it's only (relatively) recently gaining in popularity, particularly in the JavaScript community. Why?
I went to MIT in the early 00's. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (SICP - sick-pee) was my textbook. So my first formally-taught programming language was functional. Then I worked in industry for over a decade and hardly ever thought about FP. Now I'm shocked to learn that the textbook from college I don't remember very well anymore is considered the "functional programming bible".
Don't get me wrong. It's a good textbook. I'm sure it made me a better programmer. But FP wasn't something I applied very often in my Java/ActionScript/PHP/Python/Ruby/JavaScript career. OOP patterns dominated.
Then I taught at Wyncode Academy for four years and found myself trying to explain some FP concepts to newcomers. In a world dominated by OOP, it's hard to explain FP. It's so different.
After learning OOP, why is FP so much harder?
Related questions: Why has it taken so long for FP to catch on? Why aren't I talking about techniques for learning OOP in an FP-dominated world?
We in the coding community need to grapple with why the OOP->FP transition is so hard to teach. Evangelizing FP like a religion repeats the same mistakes that caused FP to languish in the industry for so long.
Many introductions to FP are missing something. It's not just an alternative programming style. It's a new way of thinking. When introducing something big and new to my students, I try to ease them into it. These same tricks may also work with more experienced programmers from OOP backgrounds.
One of the techniques I used at Wyncode to get a running start into a hard concept is storytelling. If I can get my students to understand the context - the big picture - I find it easier to later explain the technical details.
So here are two big-picture strategies for introducing FP - particularly to an OOP audience.
Big Picture 1: History
Sometimes it's good to start from the beginning: How does a computer work?
The most common (popular? easy-to-understand?) model of computing is the Turing Machine. The state that FP programmers complain about is staring us right in the face in a Turing Machine. An algorithm for operating this machine represents transitions between different states, e.g. from some boxes being on/off (1 or 0) to some other boxes being on/off.
If we try to imagine two Turing Machines operating on the same section of tape at the same time, we can begin to understand why "shared state" and concurrency in OOP are hard problems. But that's a post for another time.
The Turing Machine is a universal machine. It can be used to solve every solvable (effectively calculable) math and logic problem. This simple collection of operations - move left, move right, write a dot, read a dot, erase a dot - are enough (given enough time and resources) to tackle every math problem in the universe. That's what Alan Turing proved in 1936.
In many ways, a Turing Machine is how a computer "works".
But this is also how a computer works.
A full adder circuit
This is a circuit for addition. It's the kind of component found inside the CPU of a computer.
This is not a Turing Machine. It's not universal. It's just addition. It can't (easily) be "reprogrammed".
There's also no Turing-machine-like "state". Apply voltage to the inputs corresponding to the numbers-to-add and detect voltages in the outputs corresponding to the sum. As soon as the voltage is shut off, the answer goes away. There's no "tape" sitting around to read or manipulate. Two circuits can't operate on the same logic gates simultaneously. (I don't think they can, but I'm sure someone will comment to prove me wrong.)
This circuit is also fast. While a classic Turing Machine flips 1s and 0s back-and-forth on some medium, this circuit operates at the speed of electricity through a wire. There are no moving parts.
A circuit is a different model of computation. Each of the logic gates (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, etc.) are pure functions. They accept inputs and produce outputs with no side-effects. If all we have is the ability to create and combine these "functions", we can also solve every solvable math problem in the universe. That's what Alonzo Church proved, also in 1936.
So we've got two different models of computing: the Turing Machine's little boxes of 0s and 1s (objects) and Alonzo's Church's lambda calculus built out of logic gates (functions). Which one is correct?
For a time there was a debate about whether an abstract Turing Machine could solve the same set of math problems as lambda calculus (and vice versa). Eventually they were proven to be equivalent.
Being equivalent means that they're equally powerful. Any algorithm that can be written for a Turing Machine can also be written using functions. So any program that can be written in Turing Machine software can also be represented in circuitry hardware.
What does it mean to "program in hardware"?
We can see "hardware programming" embodied in Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Circuits can be created that are "programmed" to do one thing very quickly, like mine Bitcoin or play chess.
Since the proposal of the Church-Turing Thesis, we've had two programming options. Hardware is faster and software is slower. Make a mistake in software? Just hit the delete key and try again. Make a mistake in hardware? It's time to grab a soldering iron. It's a classic engineering design trade-off.
So let's say we have an algorithm written in an OOP style that we'd like to convert into an ASIC. It's probably a good strategy to rewrite the program in a FP style so it better maps to the circuit diagram's domain. Most programming languages are flexible enough to do that, but some are better at it others.
# Elixir pipes
"1" |> String.to_integer() |> Kernel.*(2) # returns 2
Many FP-oriented languages tend to look like circuits. Specifically the "pipe operators" in Unix, Elixir, F#, JavaScript (maybe someday) and others make code look like a circuit diagram: inputs go into the left, flow through a number of "gates" (pipes) until they're transformed into the final output on the right. It's probably not a coincidence that the pipe operator used by some languages (|>) looks like a logic gate.
The NOT gate
Putting my coding instructor hat back on, a good "big picture" way of introducing FP is to start by talking about how circuits work, how they can be "programmed", and how we can model circuit diagrams in code.
Big Picture 2: Philosophy
I picked up a Philosophy minor with my CS degree, so one of the things I'm fascinated by is the intersection between those two fields of study. I find talking about the overlap helpful when teaching new coders, particularly those with Humanities instead of STEM backgrounds.
A philosophically important concept in FP is "functional equivalence".
Perhaps the best example demonstrating this equivalence is Tom Stuart's great article "Programming From Nothing".
Stuart demonstrates how a program (specifically the ubiquitous FizzBuzz) can be written entirely out of functions. I'm not going to repeat that entire exercise here, but I am going to borrow his explanation of how numbers can be represented entirely with functions (the Church encoding).
Start by defining the concept of zero as a function that accepts a function argument and does nothing with it.
# Ruby
ZERO = -> (func) {
# does nothing
func
Similarly, we can define all the natural numbers as functions that accept function arguments and call them n-times.
ONE = -> (func) {
# calls it once
# same as "func.call()"
func[]
TWO = -> (func) {
# calls it twice
To test these "function-numbers", pass them a test function.
HELLO = ->() { puts "hello" }
# same as "ZERO.call(HELLO)"
ZERO[HELLO] # nothing displayed
ONE[HELLO]  # one "hello" displayed
TWO[HELLO]  # "hello" twice
This functional-numeric representation can be hard to play around with and debug.
# outputs #<Proc:0x000055d195ae57b0@(repl):3 (lambda)>
So to make it easier to work with we can define a method that will convert these functional-numbers into the object-numbers we're used to.
# convert number function into number object
def to_integer(func)
# count how many times counter is called
counter = ->() { n += 1 }
func[counter]
p to_integer(ZERO) # 0
p to_integer(ONE)  # 1
p to_integer(TWO)  # 2
This converter creates a counting function and passes it to the numeric function. The ZERO function will call it zero times, the ONE function will call it one time, etc. We keep track of how many times the counter has been called to get the result.
Given these function-number definitions, we can implement addition.
ADD = -> (func1, func2) {
-> (f) { func1[func2[f]] }
sum = ADD[ZERO, ZERO]
p to_integer(sum) # 0
sum = ADD[ZERO, ONE]
sum = ADD[ONE, ONE]
If TWO calls a function twice, then ADD[TWO, TWO] will return a function-number that calls its argument four times (the function-number FOUR).
It's a mind-bending exercise. When I get to the end of "Programming From Nothing", I get the sense that this is an interesting product of the clever application of a fundamental computer science concept, but not something I could use in my day job.
And that's exactly the sense that I (and I suspect many others) have about FP in general - it's clever, but doesn't seem very useful. That feeling of unnecessary complexity is exactly the problem we need to solve if we hope to make FP techniques more popular.
So a better place to start teaching FP than Church numerals is The Matrix.
In that 1999 sci-fi film, the reality perceived by most humans is actually a simulation called "The Matrix". A few months ago Elon Musk suggested that this "simulation hypothesis" may be real, starting weeks of "Philosophy 101"-level media on the topic.
What does The Matrix have to do with FP?
The metaphysical debate, of which the "simulation hypothesis" is but one response, is very old and mind-numbingly complicated at times. So my attempt to summarize it won't do it justice. But the big idea is that we have no proof that the world around us is real. Maybe there are actual objects in the world or maybe we're just brains in jars.
So there are at least two contradictory theories of what, for example, the number one is. Is it a thing (a noun, an object) that we can interact with (touch and feel)? Or is it an action (a verb, a function), something that acts on the world, but isn't embodied?
The functional-one is a simulation of the number one. It's functionally equivalent to the object-one, meaning it does everything the object-one can do. For example, we can do arithmetic with it.
But it's not really "there" in the way that objects in OOP are "there". It's a Matrix simulation. It doesn't have inherent attributes - it isn't x, it just does x.
To pick a less abstract example, is the chair you're sitting in real or just forces pressing against your body? A "chair" may be a chair-object that exists in the real world or a chair-function: a (hopefully comfortable) force pushing against you with no underlying objective basis.
A red delicious apple
Consider color. Is a red delicious apple really red (adjective describing a noun) or does it act red (verb)? Is color an inherent attribute of a real underlying apple-object or just an action that an apple-function is programmed to do when light shines on it? Is the apple real or just a simulation?
# A "real" apple
class Apple
attr_reader :color
@color = "ruby red"
p Apple.new.color # "ruby red"
# A "simulated" apple
APPLE = -> (applied) {
return "ruby red" if applied == "light"
p APPLE["light"] # "ruby red"
The difficulty of this philosophical concept is a good metaphor for why FP is so hard to teach in an OOP-dominated world. To help students understand, start by opening up their minds to the possibility of a world made up solely of "functions". Start with that big picture concept, then transition towards FP models of the world: how they differ from OOP representations yet maintain equivalent results. Ask an experienced OOP developer to consider rewriting a class into its functional equivalent.
Transitioning from OOP into FP can be hard. It's not just a different programming style. It's an alternative model of the world. And the better we are at easing students into that paradigm shift, the easier it'll be to avoid another half-century of ignoring this useful tool in the coder's toolbox.
Writing is just as debuggable as code. So I've decided to clarify that I'm presenting teaching strategies for introducing FP to OOP-minded programmers. FP programming itself isn't hard. It's the paradigm shift that needs support.
Top comments (31)
Kasey Speakman
collector of ideas. no one of consequence.
• Nov 7 '18 • Edited on Nov 7
Thanks for the article. I like where it is going, and I'd love to see more.
One thing though. I do not believe FP is hard, not harder than OO. I think changing paradigms is what is hard. I've brought fresh devs into FP and I never had to explain SOLID or inheritance gotchas or law of Demeter or many other things which are considered normal in OO. These just aren't things that trip up FP programmers. In training them I also never got into type theory. I just focused on pure functions. The reuse you get from some type-based things are nice discoveries along the way. However when you already know how to solve a lot of problems in one paradigm, changing to the other means having to relearn, which is hard. I think it would be equally difficult switching from lots of experience in FP to OO, but not many of those people exist to tell us.
Like comment: Like comment: 9 likes Like
Marc de Ruyter
Plants & Programs
BA + IT
• Nov 7 '18
Similar to going from SQL to no-SQL databases or changing from (PHP) to asynchrone (node.js).
An old dog can learn new tricks, but it takes alot of re-training.
I write code and other kinds of words. I used to teach coding. I'm now an agent at Test Double.
EECS & Philosophy
Double Agent at Test Double
You make a good point about the advantage of being first (First-mover advantage? First-learned? I don't know if there's a name for it.)
I get a sense from FP evangelism that, if not for some historical accident, the tables would be turned. FP would be the dominant paradigm and I would instead feel compelled to write an article about teaching OOP. But I don't know enough about the history of this debate to say one way or the other.
I'm inclined to believe that OOP dominated (and still dominates) because of something inherently more desirable about it rather than a coin toss that always landed in OOP's favor at engineering meetings over the past decades. But I admit I could be wrong.
The "mistake" I hint at in this article is that, upon first learning (or "first-learning", if I may coin a new term) FP (like I did with Scheme), to later see it ignored in the industry is disheartening to a new, job-seeking graduate. Throwing a bunch of FP juniors into the marketplace to see them struggle to find work isn't going to solve the problem, no matter how superior FP may seem to some.
Instead we need to acknowledge that OOP has "won" and try to figure out why and what that means for the future of coding education.
As a bootcamp instructor I like to start with OOP because it's more relevant to the job search, then introduce FP concepts gradually because I believe it's a good skill for the future. To do the reverse, given my local market conditions, would be a disservice to my student's tuition money. So this article represents a teaching strategy for that style of curriculum.
Thanks for your generous response.
I tend to agree about starting learners with OOP. Outside of work, I have a youth mentee, and I am starting with imperative/OOP too. Mainly because that's really the only youth learning material available. And that state reflects the broader market for developers. However, internally at our company, I rather feel like I am making our devs all the more valuable by teaching them FP plus experience running FP in production. Because FP work tends to pay pretty well. At least, according to SO salary surveys.
I haven't tracked the history of FP either, but I feel like OO won (like most things that win in the market) because it had compelling products sooner. Smalltalk is a common cited example, and is generally considered a great experience. Interestingly, I see some parallels between Smalltalk and functional methods, which were lost in later incarnations of OO. For example, there was no if in Smalltalk. Instead, you tell the boolean object: ifTrue, run these statements. And your other objects with multiple data cases tended to be modeled this way too. Seems structurally similar to category objects and their operations. Of course, it was still imperative and it still mixed state and behavior together.
I also meant to mention. I agree that FP is generally done a disservice by people being religious about it. OO is and will continue to be a perfectly valid way to solve problems. Follow your bliss! But I like to share my FP experiences in case someone is interested. My particular journey into FP was because, despite my best efforts, I was dismayed at the long term quality of products I created. FP was one of many things I tried. FP doesn't fix the quality problem on its own, but it plays a helpful part for me. In that FP makes pure functions easier to write. And pure functions make refactoring significantly less risky.
Thread Thread
mkoennecke
I would like to chime in that the difficult bit is the change in paradigm. I started my career with Fortran 77 and I still remember learning OOP. It was hard to get my head around that and the first two OO programs I wrote were crap. Working but crap.
The next paradigm shift came with UI code being event based.
Sudeep Prasad
I like to explore ways to shorten the semantic distance between the domain and the technical worlds
Technical Consultant at RaPa learning
Are they really two different things? Sometimes a function needs state, so we can combine/hide/abstract it in an object... Mostly we can avoid coupling it to state, so it can remain a pure function. Maybe I'm too focused on the implementation... Am I missing something here?
Yes, the characteristics and design of one versus the other are drastically different and do not work well together. Objects lead you to create an object graph (object containing references to other objects) with mutable state distributed all throughout the graph, and that is what constitutes a program. State is shifting sand -- it is always moving underneath you due to mutations (from external method calls on the object). FP uses immutable state where possible and programs look like a tree of functions with data flowing between them. You can examine/modify an individual pure function in that tree in complete isolation -- you don't have to know or care what the rest of the program is doing because its outputs only depend on its inputs. But to get that benefit, you have to design and solve problems slightly differently than what OO programmers muscle memory will be.
I understand what you mean. I'd been stuck with the 'smeared state in objects' rut for a while. I realized that I was just bucketing shared-state without really thinking about the decomposition-goals. I would hesitate to call my mess as object-oriented. It felt more like 'class-oriented random-partitioning'
These days I recognize object-oriented as a caching mechanism, like when UI Widgets need to keep local state to animate/re-draw themselves without a round-trip to the server (like StatefulWidget in Dart). Relationships are more like constraints. Where caching is not needed, a pure function that can be tested in isolation is the way to go!
P.S. I love the apple example. In fact, the red delicious apple is not actually red. Rather it reflects the red spectrum of light into our eyeballs so we perceive red when looking at it. And the same goes for any item with color, plus white reflects most of the light spectrum and black absorbs most of it. I find that deeply interesting.
Related: Vantablack
To expand on this a bit, one point in favor of FP's model is that, in various scientific senses, the world may actually be functional.
The apple isn't necessarily red. It just reflects red when you shine wide spectrum light on it. It'll appear as a different color with other spectrums of light (or none at all). So "being red" can be modeled as a function whose outputs depend on its inputs.
If you think that's a superior model of the concept of color, you may be a functionalist. (That sounds like the beginning of a joke/meme.)
Born into being.
Russia, Yoshkar-Ola
It becomes like 2d. Interesting.
I guess I gravitated towards FP because I've read that it will help you have less bugs, code that is easier to refactor and maintain.
Tell me, in your life, when you used a buggy software what did you think?
I thought who designed that piece of shit and kinda get emotional a little bit. But then I would go to the internet to find a solution.
So when I discovered that there is a way to write programs and have less bugs that's a green light for me.
I don't have an opinion on whether FP generates less bugs than OOP. I need to see an example written in each style side-by-side to decide which one I prefer.
Then I guess you need an example with the same language? Because I personally cannot give you an example in the same language.
Also I won't give you an example from my experience because I'm a novice. But I've been watching some Elm courses where instructor gave some examples and said that the opposite JS code will actually end up biting you in the ass.
I also want to say that a lot of things end up biting in JS are the lack of types whereas Elm has a strong type system. You probably need an example that demonstrated exactly the difference between two styles rather than the difference between having strong type system and a week one.
Avalander
"Biography is irrelevant" - Seven of nine (probably) if she was asked that question.
It's worth saying that those examples are hand picked to show the strengths of Elm.
I've used both, Javascript and Elm (a lot more js than Elm, to be honest) and in many cases Elm's types helped me a lot, but there have been instances where I had to fight Elm to do things that would have been straightforward in Javascript.
Ed, I just a found a talk by Richard Feldman talking about null and how it propagates into the code. I'm currently watching it and I'm on minute 7.
I will provide the link. But I have to say, that I don't know if this is the example that you want to see. But please do watch this talk even just a little bit, because I'm interested in your opinion on this.
Dan Fockler
Portland, OR!
Computer Science Degree
Application Developer at Corista
OOP seems like it's much more intuitive to the way people interact with the world. There are objects and they interact and you manipulate them. Whereas FP is like how a scientist sees the world. You have an input and you can transform the input(s) and route it to the next place, just like your example of circuitry.
Learning physics feels the same way as learning FP coming from OOP. You have this intuition about the world that may be useful for being a human, but it's all wrong to actually describe mathematically what's happening. So you have to rebuild your intuition with the new concepts you've learned.
I wish I had used the words "intuitive" and "intuition" somewhere in my post. 😞
Although I'd probably shy away from describing an OOP worldview as "wrong" (not to allege that you are describing it that way). As engineers we just want to use the best tool for the job. Sometimes simple-but-incomplete representations are useful, in physics and in coding.
I love that the code examples were used to back up the philosophical ideas presented and not used as the sole crux for this piece. Thank you.
"Do not try and bend the spoon, that's impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth...there is no spoon. Then you will see it is not the spoon that bends, it is only yourself." Spoon Boy, The Matrix
stereobooster
Hello, I'm a full stack web developer. Follow me on Twitter!
• Nov 14 '18 • Edited on Nov 14
The story around Turing/Church is not quite correct. Turing and Church both tried to solve the same problem (halting problem or Entscheidungsproblem). This problem comes from the list of problems compiled by a German mathematician (Hilbert's problems). They arrived at the same conclusion same-ish time, but Church paper was published a little earlier, and Turing later add small proof to his original paper, which proved equivalence of Turing Machines and lambda calculus. Original Turing machines didn't use 0/1 they used special alphabet (Gödel numbering). Gödel also solved one of the problems from Hilbert's list (1931, Gödel's incompleteness theorems).
If you want to know actual story from Leibniz to Turing I recommend to watch this video.
Some fun facts:
Gödel "invented" computational complexity theory - he asked von Neuman in one of his letters is it possible to prove P = NP.
there is a modern field of science which studies machines, that are able to do more than original Turing Machines (from 1936). It is called Hypercomputation. Turing himself doubt that his original machines are the limit of computation, so in later works, he proposed new TM with Oracles
Hilbert, I guess, is most known for Hilbert Curve, which is very important in quantum physics
John Kazer
Interested in making life easier and smarter. Amazed by the power of the modern web. solarfuture.org.uk
Very interesting thank you.
I find myself writing JavaScript web apps in a sort of hybrid functional-OOP approach. What works best to represent the issue at hand.
I don't know if that makes me weird or just not very good at either?!
an old developer, now retired but still interested in software. currently studying a project for enterprise app generation from declaratives.
nando00@libero.it
• Nov 13 '18
I'm not a big expert, but reading your discussion on "object vs function" reminded me of something I've read about quantum mechanic. It seems that nothing does really exist, but that all is a kind of process instead ...
All of us are used to think in term of "hard objects" also in our normal life; so it's difficult to conceive the reality as prospected by "all is a process" (it echoes as Panta Rei - 'all flows' in greek).
So, I think that it's our materialistic frame of mind that likes better an Object paradigm versus a Function paradigm ... maybe ;)
At the end of the day, this strong discussion could be better solved by a big laugh, as some Zen master did on the end of his life :)
last but not least ... please excuse my bad english: I'm and old aged italian that didn't studied it at school
have nice days
lobste.rs/s/sjkxch/teaching_functi...
Here is some reaction to this post from another community. I share it to both acknowledge that they're correct and to compare that community with this one.
DrBearhands
MSc. Artificial Intelligence
I must agree with much that is said there. However, your post seems to have gathered a lot of attention, so you're doing something right, much more than myself.
To clarify, I believe teaching should consist of teasing (cultivating interest for it) and after that dumping knowledge. Most teachers fail at the first part. I personally lost interest in a few subjects for this very reason, later discovering they were really cool.
This post was a success in 'teasing', the numbers clearly show that.
Pablo Barría Urenda
I will preface the following opinion by saying that I feel like I have never really "gotten" OOP, which may mean that I haven't, or it may mean that I have and was simply underwhelmed by it. So please, feel free to enlighten me on how I got it wrong:
Having clarified that, I must say that the way I understand it, while FP is a way of structuring processes, OOP is a way of structuring code, so the two paradigms operate at different levels, and their frequent opposition is more a result of companies staking their worth on buzzword branding than anything having to do with the paradigms themselves.
OOP was the ultimate programming buzzword for so long, that my realization that it is mostly about how one organizes a program's code, and deciding which parts of it can call which other parts, was something of a buzz kill. I feel OOP has little bearing on how things are done, mostly on where they are kept, while FP, which can be traced back to Lambda Calculus which is itself a model of computation, is much more involved in the how of things.
Alex Mateescu
Well, I had some thoughts around the matter as well (take a look here if you have time on your hands: dev.to/alexm77/how-i-relearned-oop...).
I have also found that (for reasons I cannot explain) OOP makes it easier to get to grips with projects that go beyond "hello world" examples. Yet, in the grand scheme of things, expressing business logic in functional terms is simpler more often than not.
As for why FP hasn't taken off till now, my theory is the compilers/interpreters are inherently more CPU intensive and until recently we just didn't have enough CPU HP to make these things tractable.
Franco Traversaro
Senior Engineer at Hudl
Great article and I really enjoyed reading it, but still I don't get how FP can be "better" than OOP when working on a "normal" web project (there's a lot of "" as you see). It's interesting the part about hardware programming, and I see the advantages of a FP approach, but I remain of my advice that FB smells like an articulated academical argument. Surely I'm wrong, but I can't see it better 😟
I don't mean to give the impression that FP is better. I'm more interested in presenting it as a valid alternative. It is possible to build a "normal" web project using it. But I'm not arguing we should.
Once we accept the possibility that we can, I hope curiosity will compel us to try to figure out how. There are plenty of web frameworks for functional-styled languages to explore.
If you find yourself exploring one of those frameworks, it may violate your intuition. And that will feel "wrong", like a bad code smell. And we're trained to "trust our guts" on those kinds of things.
Before you go on that journey, try some of the thought experiments presented in this article to open yourself up to the possibility that you intuition may be, instead of protecting you from making a mistake, just hiding something useful.
Since most languages are multi-paradigm, you can begin to explore these features in your own code without making a huge commitment - even if you just replace some for-loops with forEach, map, filter, or reduce in some deep down method somewhere. FP isn't all-or-nothing.
Mihail Malo
• Feb 18 '19 • Edited on Feb 18
Turing Machine
I understand OOP
I understand FP
But that... thing. It scares me.
Sebastijan Grabar
Web enthusiast and a problem solver.
Zagreb University of Applied Sciences
Full Stack Software Engineer at Comsysto Reply GmbH
Wow, what a mind blowing comparison between OOP and FP. It almost seems like a conspiracy theory when you're reading it, but it is such a creative explanation. I'm out of words!
Philosophy, maths & human rights focused technology
.onion
One of the best introduction articles to FP I have read, Ed. Thanks for it, bookmarking & will share ! Keep on writing.
View full discussion (31 comments)
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I just received a new post from the Minneapolis Parks Foundation blog by Janette Law about five important women in the history of Minneapolis parks. Janette wrote her tribute to celebrate Women's History Month. I wanted to add to Janette's tribute by adding the name of Alice Dietz to her list, as well as Inez Crimmins and Lorna Phillips. I have re-posted from my archives a profile of some of Ms. Dietz's accomplishments as well as additional information on one of Janette's notable women, Maude Armatage. Armatage was the first woman to serve as a park commissioner and still holds the record for the longest consecutive term of service as a commissioner at 30 years. (Francis Gross served a total of 33 years as a commissioner, but in four segments.) The piece on Armatage is especially important because it includes a photo of Armatage with Crimmins and Phillips, the second and third women to be Minneapolis park commissioners. I also re-posted a charming photo and info sent by reader Bea Dunlap on her memory of Alice Dietz and the playground pageants she wrote, choreographed and directed.
I would encourage someone, perhaps even young historians for History Day projects, to investigate further the contributions of park commissioners Crimmins and Phillips who served from the mid-1950s and Beverly Smerling who served as a commissioner from 1963-1969. In addition, little has been written, to my knowledge, of the first women to be elected President of the Park Board: Naomi Loper was the first in 1980, succeeded by Patricia Hillmeyer in 1982 and Patricia Baker in 1985.
Many other women who served as recreation directors at parks have also had a profound influence on the people and neighborhoods they served. If you remember someone from your park, I'd be happy to publish your recollections here.


Tavakoli, Reza; Lebreton, Guillaume (2018). Biomarkers for early detection of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 10(Suppl 33):S3914-S3918.
Tavakoli, Reza; Leprince, Pascal; Gassmann, Max; Jamshidi, Peiman; Yamani, Nassrin; Amour, Julien; Lebreton, Guillaume (2018). Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement. Journal of Visualized Experiments (Jove), (133):e57323.
Tavakoli, Reza; Danial, Pichoy; Oudjana, Ahmed Hamid; Jamshidi, Peiman; Gassmann, Max; Leprince, Pascal; Lebreton, Guillaume (2018). Biological aortic valve replacement: advantages and optimal indications of stentless compared to stented valve substitutes. A review. General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 66(5):247-256.
Tavakoli, Reza; Lebreton, Guillaume; Gassmann, Max; Jamshidi, Peiman; Leprince, Pascal (2017). Standardized technique of aortic valve re-implantation for valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Journal of Visualized Experiments (Jove), (130):online.
Tavakoli, Reza; Nemska, Simona; Jamshidi, Peiman; Gassmann, Max; Frossard, Nelly (2017). Technique of minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction in mice for induction of left ventricular hypertrophy. Journal of Visualized Experiments (Jove), (127):e56231.
Tavakoli, Reza; Jamshidi, Peiman; Yamani, Nassrin; Gassmann, Max (2017). Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA). Journal of Visualized Experiments (Jove), (122):e55590.
Tavakoli, Reza; Jamshidi, Peiman; Gassmann, Max (2017). Full-root aortic valve replacement by stentless aortic xenografts in patients with small aortic roots. Journal of Visualized Experiments (Jove), (123):e55632.
Nemska, Simona; Monassier, Laurent; Gassmann, Max; Frossard, Nelly; Tavakoli, Reza (2016). Kinetic mRNA Profiling in a Rat Model of Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy Reveals Early Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors. PLoS ONE, 11(8):e0161273.
Reser, D; Tavakoli, R; Fehr, T (2010). Erste schweizerische zweizeitige Herz-Nieren-Transplantation mit Organen desselben Donors. Swiss Medical Forum, 10(39):670-672.
Mihov, D; Bogdanov, N; Grenacher, B; Gassmann, M; Zünd, G; Bogdanova, A; Tavakoli, R (2009). Erythropoietin protects from reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by enhancing coronary endothelial nitric oxide production. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 35(5):839-846; discussion 846.
Ganter, M; Monn, A; Tavakoli, R; Genoni, M; Klaghofer, R; Furrer, L; Honegger, H; Hofer, C (2006). Monitoring activated clotting time for combined heparin and aprotinin application: in vivo evaluation of a new aprotinin-insensitive test using Sonoclot. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 30(2):278-284.
Wilhelm, M J; Tavakoli, R; Schneeberger, K; Hoerstrup, S P; Reuthebuch, O; Seifert, Burkhardt; Turina, M; Genoni, M (2004). Surgical treatment of infective mitral valve endocarditis. Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 13(5):754-759.
Genoni, M; Paul, M; Tavakoli, R; Künzli, A; Lachat, Mario L; Graves, K; Seifert, Burkhardt; Turina, M (2002). Predictors of complications in acute type B aortic dissection. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 22(1):59-63.
Tavakoli, R (2002). Results of surgery for irreversible moderate to severe mitral valve regurgitation secondary to myocardial infarction. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 21(5):818-824.
Genoni, M; Franzen, D; Tavakoli, R; Seifert, Burkhardt; Graves, K; Jenni, R; Turina, M (2001). Does the morphology of mitral paravalvular leaks influence symptoms and hemolysis? Journal of Heart Valve Disease, 10(4):426-430.
This list was generated on Thu Apr 18 20:37:22 2019 CEST.


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2017-Spring Break in London and Paris
Dr. Matthew E. Stanley, Program coordinator- France-Paris
March 2017-Spring Break Study Abroad Program in London and Paris as a component of History 1112 research class:
Dr. Matthew E. Stanley, Program coordinator- France-Paris with 7 students: Autumn Turner (Biology Major), Keari Jones (Biology-Major), Jatyra Moore (Forensic Science-Major), Jasmine Sparks (Early Childhood/Special Education-Major), Eshantee Rowe ( Music Education-Major) and Nitrara Marshea Horton ( Transient from Savanah State University)
This study abroad experience and corresponding course is designed to offer students the opportunity to travel a foreign country and connect on-site learning and the public history experience to their coursework. As such, students had time to engage in on-site learning and examine public history sites, as well as experience London and Paris as tourists. In leaving their comfort zones and partaking in education not only as representatives of Albany State, but as global citizens, students had an opportunity to broaden their personal and academic perspectives through new levels of cultural appreciation and to better prepare themselves to participate in an increasingly global society.
Travel improves student skills in processing information, spatial awareness, critical thinking, logical reasoning, clarifying, articulating, summarizing, synthesizing and listening. Travel with an emphasis on learning about the past also teaches students to articulate the interrelatedness of historical themes to other disciplines especially in the social sciences, humanities, natural sciences and fine arts. Most importantly, this study abroad experience is designed to broaden student horizons, integrate on-site, public history experience into the History course and engage students as intellects and as global citizens. I feel my 2017 study abroad participants mostly met and sometimes exceeded these objectives.
We began our first full day in London with a guided tour that focused on London during World War Two. This tour culminated with a visit to St. Paul's Cathedral, which was not only one of the architectural wonders of Early Modern Europe, but also a victim of the German Blitz. One of my students, Jasmine Sparks, is writing her HIST 1002 research paper over this topic.
On Tuesday, March 7, we traveled via the Eurostar to Paris, France. There we toured Notre Dame Cathedral, saw some sites associated with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, including the Conciergerie and the Louvre, and, finally, visited the Eiffel Tower.
On Wednesday, March 8, we toured both the Tower of London and the British Museum. I asked my students to think about the origins of these priceless artifacts, whether the Crown Jewels or from objects from Antiquity, as part of the relationship between the British Empire and slavery and colonialism.
In addition to these sites, at various times throughout the week we visited and toured Windsor Castle, London's Roman ruins, the Houses of Parliament, and Westminster Abbey. We also saw a musical in London's famed West End.
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Lebanon prepares to borrow $10 million for school
Borrowing depends on volatile markets
John Latimer
johnlatimer@ldnews.com
The Lebanon School Board next week will be making a big decision on whether or not to issue a nearly $10 million bond to help finance construction of a new school to replace aging Northwest Elementary School.
Competitive Internet-bidding on the bond will be conducted next Monday afternoon and the board will vote later that evening on whether to except the terms or to try for better results next year, said the district's business manager Curt Richards.
However, pushing the borrowing off until 2017 will cause the district to lose the saving opportunity of refinancing a previous bond at a lower interest rate, said Richards, because school districts are limited to financing $10 million each year.
Predicting the bond markets is difficult because they have been volatile since last week's elections, which is causing Richards' uncertainty in whether or not the deal will be acceptable.
"We've pushed through all of this because we are also hoping, if the bond market calms down, that we will proceed ahead with the borrowing," he said. "Everything has been put in place to do that. We are just watching the market, because the market is pretty skittish."
The bond would cover 40 percent of the $25 million cost of the new school at Aspens Business Park.
The remainder of the financing will be paid for with $15 million in reserve funds the district has saved in anticipation of the project. The fiscal planning will remove the need for further borrowing and save taxpayers millions of dollars in interest payments, Richards said.
"It puts us in a beautiful position to save our taxpayers the interest cost on any additional bond over the $10 million," he said. "I want to thank the board for putting the long-term financial plans in place that we have, which have allowed us to get to this point.
In other business related to Northwest, the board received a brief update on the project from Andre Martin, a construction manager for Fidevia, the company overseeing the project.
Last month, the board awarded $21 million in contracts for the project, which is allowing work to get underway at the 20-acre lot, he said.
Board awards $21M in contracts for Northwest Elem.
Crews have started cutting down trees so that earth graders can start removing topsoil, which is part of remediation required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education to remove toxins leftover from when the land was part of Bethlehem Steel's conversion plant.
"Over the next week or two they will complete that clearing and grubbing work," Martin said.
Once the land is cleared and contaminated earth removed a process to shore up the foundation beneath the building will begin, Martin said.
"In about five to six weeks you are going to see a lot of very big drill rigs out there and they will be drilling and pounding stone under all the building pads," he said.
The extensive prep work must be completed so that building-footings can poured some time in March, Martin said.
"We are excited. We are ready to roll and looking forward to delivering your project." he said.
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BHP Billiton's coal king Mike Henry digs in for a challenging time – by Matt Chambers (The Australian – July 18, 2015)
July 20, 2015 in Australia/New Caledonia/Papua New Guinea Mining, BHP Billiton, Coal, International Media Resource Articles
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/
After 25 years working in and around the mining industry, Mike Henry has been given his first major role managing operations. And it's a beauty.
In January, the former BHP Billiton marketing boss was made coal president, heading the mining giant's lowest-margin business at a time when forecasts and prices for the commodity seem to be getting relentlessly worse and in which chief executive Andrew Mackenzie says he will not allocate capital.
But the 48-year-old Henry, who is regarded by company-watchers as a potential internal candidate to succeed Mackenzie, sees plenty of positives.
"I like a challenge and there's lots to like here," Henry tells The Weekend Australian from BHP's coal headquarters on the Brisbane River. "In the first half (of 2014-15), we generated a 2 per cent return on capital and 2 per cent of BHP's earnings before interest and tax," he says, explaining coal's current limited prospects for investment funds.
"My job is to take what we have and make sure that we're getting the most we possibly can out of it. If we are a business that's generating good returns in low prices, and I want to get there very quickly, it becomes a fantastic business when prices are higher."
BHP's coal unit it is focused on its 10 high-quality coking coal mines in Queensland's Bowen Basin, which make it the world's biggest exporter of the steelmaking ingredient.
While prices are languishing near 10-year lows and BHP's 20 per cent coking coal profit margin is much lower than that of its iron ore, the other major steel ingredient, BHP feels the outlook for coking coal demand growth is more positive.
For the rest of this article, click here: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/bhp-billitons-coal-king-mike-henry-digs-in-for-a-challenging-time/story-e6frg6n6-1227446391525
CANADA MINING HISTORY: Gold, Greed and Glory – by John Stackhouse (Report on Business Magazine – November 1990)
Commodities crash could turn Australia into a new Greece – by Andrew Critchlow (The Telegraph – July 19, 2015)


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Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry condemns Armenia's attempts to hide its responsibility by spreading unfounded allegations
October 2, 2022 October 3, 2022 Web DeskComments Off on Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry condemns Armenia's attempts to hide its responsibility by spreading unfounded allegations
BAKU, Azerbaijan, The statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia dated October 2, 2022, alleging that war crimes were allegedly committed by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, is an example of the hypocrisy of a country that has pursued an aggressive policy for decades, violated the fundamental rights of almost a million people and […]
Turkish diplomacy enjoying 'most successful' period: Erdogan
October 2, 2022 October 3, 2022 Web DeskComments Off on Turkish diplomacy enjoying 'most successful' period: Erdogan
Turkish diplomacy is having its most successful period in recent centuries, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan highlighted on Saturday as Ankara is strengthening its axis by simultaneously maintaining diplomatic relations on the basis of national interests, Trend reports citing Daily Sabah. "Türkiye does not have the luxury of closing in, isolating itself from the outside […]
Azerbaijan considering all options to meet gas demand in Bulgaria – Economy Minister
October 2, 2022 October 3, 2022 Web DeskComments Off on Azerbaijan considering all options to meet gas demand in Bulgaria – Economy Minister
BAKU, Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan aims to double its gas supplies to Europe by 2027, and European Union (EU) members should decide for themselves how future gas volumes will be distributed, Minister of Economy of Azerbaijan Mikayil Jabbarov said, Trend reports. "We are already negotiating with our partners, both abroad and within the country. Our idea […]
U.S. and Turkish officials discuss issue of normalization of relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia
October 2, 2022 October 3, 2022 Web DeskComments Off on U.S. and Turkish officials discuss issue of normalization of relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia
BAKU, Azerbaijan, Turkish presidential spokesman Ibrahim Kalin and US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan discussed in Istanbul the issue of normalizing relations between Azerbaijan and Armenia, Trend reports citing the press service of the White House. "They also discussed regional security issues, including their support for peace talks between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the importance […]
Commentary of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia regarding war crimes
October 2, 2022 October 3, 2022 Web DeskComments Off on Commentary of the Press Service Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia regarding war crimes
The statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia dated October 2, 2022, claiming war crimes were committed by the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan, is an example of the hypocrisy of a country that has pursued an aggressive policy for decades, trampled on the fundamental rights of nearly a million people, and committed numerous […]