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Бхімрао Рамджі Амбедкар (, , 14 квітня 1891 — 6 грудня 1956), також відомий за прізвиськом «Бабасахіб» — індійський юрист, політичний діяч, лідер паріїв («недоторканих»). Основний автор проєкту Конституції Індії. Посмертно нагороджений вищим індійським орденом Бхарат Ратна. Буддист-реформатор: за його ініціативою недоторкані масово зверталися в буддизм, що не визнає кастових відмінностей. Різко критикував іслам та індуїзм.

Молодість
Бхімрао Рамджі Амбедкар родом з народу маратхі. Його пращури по чоловічій лінії протягом кількох поколінь служили в армії Британської Ост-Індської компанії та Британської Індії. Амбедкар був одним з перших недоторканних, що здобули освіту в коледжі. Він отримав ступінь доктора філософії з права та ступені з економіки й політології (в Колумбійському університеті і Лондонській школі економіки). Амбедкар повернувся до Індії відомим ученим, кілька років практикував як юрист, після чого почав політичну діяльність як борець за права недоторканих.

Боротьба за права недоторканих

До 1930 року Амбедкар, організувавши ряд публічних акцій, став широко відомим індійським політиком. Він критикував провідні партії Індії за недостатню увагу до проблеми кастової системи.

Амбедкар був послідовним критиком поглядів Махатми Ганді і його прихильників з партії Індійський національний конгрес. Не зважаючи на те, що Ганді критикував кастові відмінності і навіть оголошував себе «одним з» людей нижчих каст, його погляди були романтичними і ідеалістичними. Амбедкар вважав термін «харіджан» («діти Бога»), запропонований Ганді для позначення недоторканих, презирливим, а схильність Ганді ідеалізувати сільський устрій життя вважав за шкідливу, пропагував розповсюдження освіти серед парієв і їх переїзду в міста. Амбедкар вважав, що Ганді дуже м'яко критикує кастову систему, відзначаючи окремі несправедливості, але не прагнучи знищити систему як таку.

За свої радикальні погляди Амбедкар став украй непопулярним серед ортодоксальних індусів, навіть серед тих, які раніше засуджували безправ'я недоторканих, оскільки вимагав повного рівноправ'я, а не тільки пом'якшення положення.

В той же час, Амбедкар вимагав надати недоторканим окремі виборчі округи, проти чого різко заперечував Ганді — він боявся розколу індійського суспільства. Коли в 1932 році британці погодилися прийняти пропозицію Амбедкара про роздільні виборчі округи для представників різних каст, Ганді, що знаходився в ув'язненні, розпочав голодування «до смертельного результату». Голодування Ганді забезпечила йому широку підтримку серед ортодоксів по всій Індії. Амбедкар, побоюючись безладів у разі смерті Ганді, був змушений поступитися.

Політична кар'єра
У 1935—1937 роках Амбедкар займав посаду ректора Державного юридичного коледжу (Бомбей). У тому ж році його дружина Рамабаї померла від тривалої хвороби. Тоді ж Амбедкар публічно оголосив, що відрікається від індуїзму і шукатиме нову релігію, яка б давала недоторканим рівні права з представниками інших каст.

У 1936 році Амбедкар заснував Незалежну трудову партію, яка на виборах 1937 року отримала 15 місць в Центральній законодавчій асамблеї. У тому ж році він опублікував свою книгу «Знищення касти» (), де він критикував не тільки кастову систему як таку, але й релігійних лідерів індусів.

Амбедкар служив в Консультативному комітеті оборони, а також міністром праці у Виконавчому комітеті віцекороля (колоніальному уряді Індії).

Критика традиційних релігій Індії

У 1941—1945 роках Амбедкар опублікував ряд книг і памфлетів, що викликали суперечливу реакцію, зокрема «Думки про Пакистан» (), в якій критикував вимогу Мусульманської ліги створити окрему мусульманську державу Пакистан. У книзі «Що Конгрес і Ганді зробили для недоторканих» (What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables) він підсилив свою критику Ганді й Індійського національного конгресу, звинувачуючи їх в лицемірстві. В книзі «Ким були шудри?» (Who were the Shudras?) Амбедкар спробував пояснити походження касти шудр, тобто нижчої касти в Індії, нижче за яку були тільки недоторкані. Він також зробив акцент на відмінностях шудр від недоторканих. На виборах 1946 році його партія отримала невелике число голосів. У 1948 році він написав нову книгу «Недоторкані: тези про походження недоторканості» (The Untouchables: A Thesis on the Origins of Untouchability), де знову звинуватив індуїзм:

Індуська цивілізація… це диявольський задум з метою подавити і поневолити людство. Її справжнє ім'я — ганьба. Що ще можна сказати про цивілізацію, яка створила масу людей… з якими поводяться, неначебто вони не були людьми, і один лише дотик яких вважається забруднючим?

З ще суворішою критикою Амбедкар виступив проти ісламу і його течій в Південній Азії (не в останню чергу завдяки його пропаганді іслам зараз — найменш поширена релігія серед недоторканих). Він схвалив розділення Британської Індії на Пакистан і Індію, і в той же час засудив дитячі шлюби в ісламському суспільстві та безправне положення жінок. Він писав:

Немає таких слів, які б точно виразили велику кількість зла, ув'язненого в багатожонстві і наявності наложниць, що заподіюють страждання мусульманській жінці.

Розглянемо кастову систему. Вважається за очевидне, що іслам вільний від рабства і каст. [Але поки рабство існувало], його підтримка в основному приходила від ісламу й ісламських країн. Похвальні вказівки Пророка в Корані, що стосуються справедливого і гуманного поводження з рабами, проте фактично в ісламі немає нічого, що б допомогло подолати це прокляття (тобто рабство). І хоча рабство зникло, касти серед мусульман збереглися.

Амбедкар писав, що мусульманське суспільство ще більше сповнене соціальним злом в порівнянні з індуїстським. Він критикував мусульман за те, що вони прикривають кастову систему такими евфемізмами, як «братерство» і тому подібне. Він також критикував поширену серед мусульман класову дискримінацію таких груп, як «арзали» (аналог паріїв в індуїзмі), а також пригноблення жінок (система «пурда»). Він писав, що хоча «пурда» практикується також індусами, лише серед мусульман ця система санкціонована самою релігією, а не тільки традицією. Він критикував ісламський фанатизм, вважаючи, що буквальне тлумачення Корану зробило ісламське суспільство дуже жорстким, нездібним до змін. Він також указував, що на відміну від Туреччини або Ірану, індійським мусульманам не вдалося реформувати своє суспільство.

Не зважаючи на свою жорстку критику в адресу Мухаммеда Джинни і його послідовників з Мусульманської ліги, він підтримав ідею разделенія Індії на мусульманську й індуїстську частини. Він вважав, що релігійне розділення — менше зло в порівнянні з етнічним націоналізмом, особливо враховуючи велику кількість народностей в Індії. Він указував на такі прецеденти в історії, як розпад Османської імперії в 1918—1922 роках і розділення Чехословаччини після окупації її Німеччиною.

В той же час, він передбачав, що утворення двох держав за релігійною ознакою приведе до зіткнень, значної міграції людей, прикордонних сутичок. У зв'язку з цим він писав: «Пакистан повинен виправдати своє існування».

Творець індійської конституції

Не зважаючи на падіння своєї популярності як політика, суперечливі погляди і критику з боку Махатми Ганді й Індійського національного конгресу, Амбедкар мав репутацію дуже досвідченого юриста і вченого. Після того, як 15 серпня 1947 року Індія отримала незалежність, новий уряд запропонував Амбедкару стати першим міністром юстиції, і він прийняв цю пропозицію. 29 серпня Амбедкар очолив комітет з підготовки проекту Конституції Індії. При цьому він спирався на прецеденти буддисьтської санґхи, оскільки в буддистській традиції були відомі голосування з використанням бюлетенів, процедури проведення дебатів, прецедентне право, регламентація бюрократичних процедур. Досвід сангхи був адаптований до реалій Індії — олігархічна система правління, ділення на племена і так далі.

Текст, підготовлений Амбедкаром, передбачав конституційні гарантії широкого круга цивільних свобод, зокрема свободу віросповідання, відміну принципу «недоторканості» і заборону на будь-які форми дискримінації. Амбедкар вимагав широких економічних і соціальних прав для жінок, а також добився підтримки Асамблеї в створенні квот на цивільній службі, в школах і коледжах для представників ущемлених каст. Ця конституція була прийнята 26 листопада 1949 року.

Амбедкар пішов у відставку з посади міністра в 1951 році після того, як парламент відхилив його проект Індійського кодексу, що передубачав рівність статей в спадкоємстві, шлюбі й економічних стосунках, не зважаючи на підтримку з боку Неру і ряду інших лідерів ІНК. У 1952 році Амбедкар програв вибори в нижню палату парламенту, але був призначений депутатом верхньої палати в березні 1952 року і залишався ним до самої смерті.

Звернення в буддизм

У 1950-тих роках увагу Амбедкара привернув буддизм, і він зробив подорож до Шрі-Ланки, щоб відвідати з'їзд буддистських ченців і вчених. Незабаром Амбедкар публічно оголосив, що пише нову книгу про буддизм, і як тільки вона буде закінчена, він зробить формальне навернення до цієї віри. В 1954 році він двічі відвідав Бірму; удруге — щоб взяти участь в 3-ій конференції Світового товариства буддистів в Ранґуні. У 1955 році він заснував Буддистське товариство Індії (Bharatiya Bauddha Mahasabha). Його книга «Будда і його Дхамма» була закінчена в 1956 році та опублікована посмертно.

14 жовтня 1956 року Амбедкар організував формальну публічну церемонію присвячення в Наґпурі, на ділянці, що отримала назву Дікшабхумі. Формальним завершенням звернення була традіционая процедура отримання від ченця Трьох Коштовностей (Будда, Дхарма, Санґха) і П'яти Розпоряджень. Одночасно з ним в буддизм звернулися близько 380 тис. його прихильників. Прийнявши 22 обітниці, Амбедкар і його прихильники явно засудили і відкинули індуїзм та його філософію. Потім він відправився у Катманду (Непал), щоб взяти участь в 4-ій Світовій буддистській конференції. 2 грудня 1956 року він закінчив свою книгу «Буддизм або Карл Маркс».

Смерть

У 1948 у Амбедкара був виявлений діабет. Через погіршення здоров'я, зокрема зору, він був прикований до ліжка з червня по жовтень 1954 року. Протягом подальших двох років його здоров'я погіршувалося, і він помер уві сні в своєму будинку незабаром після завершення своєї останньої праці «Будда і його Дхамма». Залишив після себе немало записок і нескінчених праць. Його було кремовано за буддійським звичаєм.

Його пережила друга дружина Шарда Кабір (у шлюбі Савіта Амбедкар). Вона належала до касти брахманів, але також звернулася в буддизм. Внук Амбедкара неодноразово обирався до парламенту Індії.

Спадщина

Не зважаючи на суперечливу репутацію Амбедкара і гостре негативне ставлення до нього мусульман, він вніс чималий внесок до розвитку суспільної думки Індії. Зокрема, він збудив в Індії інтерес до буддизму, який в цій країні традиційно знаходився на периферії.

Політична філософія Амбедкара дала поштовх до виникнення великої кількості політичних партій, видань і профспілок, що захищають інтереси недоторканих, особливо в його рідному штаті Махараштрі. Масові церемонії звернення в буддизм проводилися і після його смерті.

З іншого боку, розширення прав недоторканих привело до збільшення сутичок між ними і ортодоксальними індусами. У 1994 році пам'ятник Амбедкара в Мумбаї була зпоганена — невідомий провокатор повісив на неї гірлянду взуття (у Індії дотик до чужого взуття вважається за приниження). Це привело до спалаху насильства, страйки паралізували місто більш ніж на тиждень. Під час подібних хвилювань наступного року пам'ятник було зруйновано. Представники вищих каст в штаті Таміл-Наду також неодноразово нападали на місцевих буддистів. З іншого боку, недоторкані, що звернулися в буддизм, далеко не завжди поводилися з буддистським упокорюванням: нерідко вони поганили індуїстські храми, замінюючи зображення богів портретами Амбедкара. Радикальні послідовники Амбедкара з «Руху буддистських пантер» (за аналогією з «Чорними пантерами» в США) навіть намагалися вбивати пропагандистів, що критикували погляди Амбедкара на буддизм.

Посилання

Ресурси Інтернету
 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar and His People
 Jabbar Patel's Award-Winning Movie Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar
 Ambedkar Center for Justice and Peace
 Dr. Ambedkar International Mission
 Bharat Ratna Baba Saheb
 Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar in Columbia University
 Ambedkar's statue at Columbia University
 University of Heidelberg
 «The Buddha and His Dhamma» with unpublished preface
 [http://web.uni-frankfurt.de/irenik/relkultur18b.html Article on Ambedkar's Neo-Buddhism by Edmund Weber]
 Short Movie on Life of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar
  Babasaheb Ambedkar devotional song in Marathi
  Babasaheb Ambedkar devotional song in Hindi
 Dr. Ambedkar in Rationalism, Humanism and Atheism in Twentieth Century Indian Thought

 Література
 Mahar, Buddhist. Religious Conversion and Socio-Political Emancipation by Johannes Beltz, 2005, New Delhi, Manohar.
 Reconstructing the World: B.R. Ambedkar and Buddhism in India edited by Johannes Beltz and S. JondhaleNew Delhi: OUP.
 Dr. Ambedkar and Untouchability: Analyzing and Fighting Caste by Christophe Jaffrelot (2005) ISBN 0-231-13602-1
 Ambedkar and Buddhism by Urgyen Sangharakshita ISBN 0-904766-28-4
 Ambedkar: Towards an Enlightened India by Gail Omvedt ISBN 0-670-04991-3
 Life of Babasaheb Ambedkar by C. Gautam, Published by Ambedkar Memorial Trust, London, Milan House, 8 Kingsland Road, London E2 8DA Second Edition, May 2000
 Thus Spoke Ambedkar Vol-I* (Selected Speeches of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar) Compiled and edited by Bhagwan Das, published by Dalit Today Parkashan,18/455,Indira Nagar, Lucknow (U.P.)India-226016
 Revival of Buddhism in India and Role of Dr. BabaSaheb B.R. Ambedkar by Bhagwan Das, published by Dalit Today Prakashan,18/455,Indira Nagar, Lucknow (U.P.)India-226016
 Dr. Ambedkar: A Critical Study by W.N. Kuber, published by People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
 Dr. Ambedkar: Life and Mission by Dhananjay Keer published by Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India.
 Economic Philosophy of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar by M.L. Kasare published by B.I. Publications Pvt. Ltd.,New Delhi, India.
 The Legacy Of Dr. Ambedkar by D.C. Ahir published by B.R.Publishing Corporation, Delhi-110007,India. (ISBN 81-7018-603-X Code No. L00522)
 Ajnat, Surendra: Ambedkar on Islam. Buddhist Publ., Jalandhar 1986.
 Fernando, W. J. Basil: Demoralisation and Hope'': Creating the Social Foundation for Sustaining Democracy — A comparative study of N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783 −1872) Denmark and B. R. Ambedkar (1881—1956) India. AHRC Publication., Hong Kong 2000. (ISBN 962-8314-08-4)

Політики Індії
Індійські юристи
Буддисти

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A new report released by Ecobank Research has shown that Ugandan has the most expensive mobile data in East Africa and it is the eighteenth most expensive in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
In the survey, where researchers compared the monthly income of a given country's populace to the cost of 1GB of data, Rwanda is shown as having the cheapest data in the East African region, followed by Kenya, Burundi, and Tanzania.
The oil-rich Equatorial Guinea's averagely cost 1 GB of data at US$35.47, making it the most expensive in Africa, while on the other side of the spectrum is Mozambique, which sells a gigabyte of data US$2.08. in Uganda, according to the report, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), sell a gigabyte at, averagely, US$7.1.
The report also shows that East Africa has the most affordable data prices in SSA.
"The sobering reality is that Africa has the most expensive mobile data, both in real and income-relative terms, in the world," reads the report.
"At a regional level, East Africa has the most affordable mobile data. The average cost for 1GB in Ethiopia, Tanzania, Burundi, Kenya, and Rwanda lies below Africa's relatively expensive median of US$7.04. In contrast, the oil-rich CEMAC countries are far pricier. Equatorial Guinea's average cost of US$35.47 is Africa's most expensive gigabyte."
Our recent report looks at the price of mobile internet across Africa.
📈The average price of 1GB is US$7.04, making Africa the most expensive region in the world.
💸Expensive data costs are constraining digital and FinTech innovation
📚Full report: https://t.co/bkehGS5Vvq pic.twitter.com/iH2ExXeDyC
— Ecobank Research (@EcobankResearch) September 13, 2018
Competition among MNOs
The competition present among MNOs in a given country, the report says, greatly influences how data is priced. Countries with more telcos have cheaper data prices and vice versa. It is only Ethiopia which has one MNO and it is owned by the government.
"Only one country has a single MNO (Ethio Telecom in Ethiopia), but this is an exception as the MNO is government owned and prices are controlled. Most African countries have between two and four MNOs," reads the report.
"The data shows that there is an inverse relationship between the number of MNOs in a country and the average price of a gigabyte – in other words, the more MNOs, the cheaper the gigabyte. For the eight countries with only two MNOs, the average price is an expensive US$13.03, while for the twelve countries with three MNOs, the price drops to US$9.17, and for the ten countries with four MNOs the average price is just US$5.25, well below the median for SSA (US$7.04). Although there are some exceptions, the data demonstrates that for those countries with greater competition among MNOs prices for mobile data are cheaper, both in real terms and relative to income levels."
Must read: How to recover your stolen or lost phone in Uganda
Data pricing and the digital divide
Though the price of smartphones is increasingly becoming affordable, with some as cheap as US$30, the high costs of data are impeding the closure of the digital divide and hampering the growth of innovations in most African countries.
Countries with the cheapest data are seen to be having the most vibrant tech ecosystems, according to the report.
"The variations in the cost and access to mobile data have a huge impact on a country's ability to spread digital innovation, from mobile banking to pay-as-you-go solar energy. Two of Africa's leading tech hubs – Nigeria and Kenya – both have relatively cheap mobile data, while other countries with emerging tech ecosystems – Rwanda, Ghana, Senegal, Tanzania, and Cameroon – are also on the cheaper end of the pricing spectrum. This means that consumers in these markets can purchase mobile data more regularly than in other costlier markets, providing the platform for banks, Fintechs, and other service providers to develop digital services specifically to meet their needs," reads the report.
"In stark contrast, in countries like Zimbabwe, the DRC and Liberia, where mobile data is upwards of 13% of monthly GNI per capita, accessing the Internet regularly is unaffordable for most consumers, perpetuating digital exclusion. The impact is felt not just by consumers, who do not have access to the services and information that can be provided digitally, but also by SMEs (which make up over 90% of businesses in Africa). A global survey of 4,800 SMEs found that those that use the Internet for business grow twice as fast as those that do not or cannot."
In order to boost digital inclusion, the report suggests that governments should revise licensing regimes, spectrum pricing, and regulations on data pricing.
"African governments and regulators have a key responsibility to develop policies and regulations that drive down mobile data prices. This could mean reducing the typically high fees charged for new mobile licenses, which discourage new entrants; governments could recoup the lost income by introducing reasonable taxes on data usage which would grow as their citizens become more connected. Competition should also be incentivized, especially in countries with only two or three MNOs," says the report.
"Spectrum pricing is another issue. If MNOs are to provide affordable and universal mobile Internet coverage, they need to have access to a reasonably-priced and reliable radio spectrum. This means governments need to be forward-thinking and accommodating in their spectrum regulation," the report adds.
"More broadly, governments should consider the wider impacts of excessive taxation of the mobile sector. Chad, for example, has the most heavily taxed mobile sector in SSA, with no fewer than 13 different taxes. This is a key factor in making Chad one of the least connected countries in Africa for unique SIM subscribers, and the fourth most expensive for mobile data. Similarly, Uganda's recently-introduced tax on social media (200 UGX/ US$0.05 per user per day) could deter those on lower incomes from accessing the Internet, retarding the digitalization process."
Kenya to use Alphabet's balloons for rural internet
James Byaruhanga named general manager as Raxio builds Uganda's data center
Related Items:Airtel Uganda, Internet prices Uganda, MTN
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Technology Out Loud
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Would you renovate this bath?
When we bought our house 3 years ago, the bathroom was only 6 or 7 years old. The home had been a recent new construction and the sole previous owners had kept it in great shape.
But much of the home utilized typical builder's grade materials and in particular, this tile was something I really preferred not to live with. Still, given its age, I felt hubby and I needed to discuss and agree upon this before we purchased the home.
So when we bought the house, it was already decided that we would renovate the kitchen and master bath.
Fast forward three years and I'm finally getting my dream white bath!
Like most people, we had to work within a budget and so we decided not to make any changes to the layout of the room. I was lucky we had a sizable space to work with, but that also meant we needed a lot of tile.
And I also knew the design of this bath was contingent on the beauty of the bathroom tiles!
I have wanted a white marble bath for a really long time. But I knew hubby would kill me when he learned of the price. So I had to get creative in making my selections.
I certainly didn't want to pick something that was so much of a compromise that I really didn't love it. What would be the point of doing the renovation in that case?
But I also couldn't opt for something that was so pricey as to put off the entire project for another who-knows-how-many years.
I was delighted to find this gorgeous porcelain tile that does an exquisite job of mimicking marble. It comes in large blocks that emphasize the veining and I truly love it.
I was doubly excited when I found out that Home Depot would be my sponsor, but I had already picked my tile and would opt for it again even without being compensated for it.
The transformation in the room is truly remarkable. While I had covered the brown paint as soon as we moved in, the new tile still makes an extraordinary difference.
Next I addressed the floor tile, and here I decided to go with real marble. The small hexagon pieces provide a lovely contrast against the vast expanse of the oversized wall tiles.
If you're a true fan of stone as I am, you'd really appreciate the variety of shades in the mosaic of the flooring, which to me is what gives it its real beauty.
In addition, it helps pull together the varied white tones in the room, as I was working with a tub that I was not replacing that's really a bit too creamy for the direction I was going in.
I'm also not sure about the wall color, my favorite greige that changes in different lights. Sometimes it looks perfect and other times not so much. I'll wait until the room is complete before deciding if it will stay.
I'll talk more about the vanity in the final reveal post, once the plumbing fixtures are in and the room is fully styled, but the warm gold trim foreshadows what's to come.
The blend of warm and cool tones in the tile parallels the mix of gold trim with this palette. I love the inset of hexagon tile in the cubby we had made for the shower.
We also chose a marble piece to have a small corner seat added.
The light that floods in through the large windows can now be appreciated in the context of a beautiful white space. Be on the lookout in the next few weeks for the final reveal, when all the styling details are added in. There'll be plenty of goodies like the towel bar below but that's for another time.
For today I'm just thrilled for the stunning backdrop these gorgeous bathroom tiles provide for the space!
Bathroom Tiles Source List – To get the look of the direction we're headed, click on the items below for direct links to the products.
I love your update! It's exactly what I'd want if I could redo my bath. Unfortunately, I'm stuck with your "before" for awhile ( my Tuscan phase). Great job! Can't wait to see it styled!
Wow, Lory! Just wow! The bathroom looks phenomenal! I had been impatiently waiting for your update on the bathroom remodel, knowing that it would be great, but this room surpasses my expectations. Your wall tile is fantastic. I think porcelain was an excellent choice. As lovely as marble is, it's so porous that the constant sealing begins to get old very fast, especially in the shower that needs to be constantly wiped down to avoid mildew. I am so loving how the mirrors over the sink stand out now. Beautiful! I love everything about this bathroom and I'm going to be pinning away these ideas for my next bathroom. I can't wait for the final reveal!
Lory, your bathroom remodel is stunning! I love how you placed the sconces above the mirrors. I was planning to do one between our mirrors, but above each one would give off better lighting–great idea! I've been looking at the marble-look porcelain and it really does look like marble, and easier upkeep on those shower walls. Know you're loving your beautiful new room! On a side note: no matter how many times I've resubscribed to your blog, I'm not receiving your postings, so I go online to get to you now. I've really missed seeing your posts in my email. Hopefully, it will go through this time. Hugs!


Inspired as I was by Matt's Social Marketing entry, I wanted to add my 2 cents worth on the topic: embedded syndication.
By the way, we are completely open to your tips and tactics on how successful ways of promoting live online shows. Leave them in the comments, or write an entry about it in your own blog for us to link to.
Sometimes it's hard to get people to watch a show at a prescribed time. Instead of getting viewers to come to you, try going to where the eyeballs are already at.
Whenever possible, embed your stream on web properties that already have inborn traffic. Get stakeholders involved in promoting the show, and while you're at it, give them your embed code to throw up alongside any online promotion they might do. Think strategically about all the stakeholders involved in your content, if/where they have an online presence, if any other web properties might be interested in these stakeholders, and how to get your stream up so that it makes sense for everyone involved.
For example, if you have a guest musician on your show, have them throw up an embed to the video right on the destination page they might be promoting their appearance, whether it be a Myspace, a blog, or any other online social media presence. Perhaps this artist has an online fan club that might be interested in the content – shoot 'em an embed code along with the URL. Perhaps the artist himself can put out a call in the beginning of the show to have his fans throw up the embedded video on their pages. And so on and so forth until the point of diminishing return.
It's a way to hypnotize convert entice eyeballs that happen to be on any given stakeholder site during the actual live stream. The embed code is short, easy, and innately promiscuous; don't be shy about sharing it far and wide!


Elementary and middle school students across New York State put their pencils down in opposition to new state exams that began in earnest last Tuesday. Their parents, displeased with the state's new rigorous testing model, reportedly told them to "opt out" and not take the tests, which will wrap up on Friday. Districts could be penalized, but individual students will not.
While opting out seemed to be a trend across Long Island, the vast majority of students on the South Fork took the exams—but found they had to race the clock to finish some sections. In many cases, they did not finish, which will affect their scores.
Some teachers and administrators on the South Fork said this week that they wished they had more time to implement the Common Core curriculum—a new state-mandated teaching standard that calls for more non-fiction reading and writing and a deeper understanding of math concepts—before their students were tested on it. For the most part, however, they said they were supportive of the new tests, but hope that the State Education Department will tweak the time allotted for more difficult sections for next year's exams.
The big switch to the Common Core standards over the last two years has been difficult for administrators and teachers, because they have had to rewrite curriculum and change their teaching methods.
In 2009, the National Governors Association hired David Coleman, the president of the not-for-profit College Board that designs the SAT test and Advanced Placement test, to write literacy and math curriculum standards. The standards were designed to give students a robust and relevant education—a common core of standards—to prepare them for success in college and their careers.
In 2010, New York State adopted the national benchmarks. New York is one of 46 states that have formally adopted the Common Core.
To help implement the new standards, the state has provided modules, or lesson plans, on its Common Core website, www.engageny.org, in addition to other resources for teachers and administrators.
This school year's state ELA and math tests were the first to reflect the Common Core curriculum standards, making for more rigorous and time-consuming exams. According to the State Education Department, students must answer questions with evidence gathered from rigorous literature and informational texts and solve math problems rooted in the real world and decide which formulas and tools to use to solve them.
Dr. John B. King Jr., the state commissioner of education, said state officials were expecting scores to be lower this year because it was a completely different test, but said that the results will inform educators and parents where the state is with respect to the Common Core and college and career readiness.
Testing requires anywhere from seven to nine hours, depending on grade level, over a period of six days.
Of course, with brand new assessments, problems arise. As parents caught word about the changes to the tests and the possibility of lower scores, some of them reportedly began to boycott the exams by telling their children not to take them.
Schools from Westhampton Beach to Montauk saw virtually no "opt-outs," but in Eastport South Manor, 24 students did not take the exams. Assistant Superintendent for Curriculum Dr. Jennifer Morrison-Hart would not say why the students refrained from taking the tests, but said that there was no such thing as an "opt out," that it was simply a refusal to take the exams. Those students who did not take the tests will be counted as "not tested." Any school with a participation rate below 95 percent could lose federal funding because they would fail to make their adequate yearly progress, according to the education department.
Jack Perna, Montauk School's superintendent, said that no one refused to take the test at his school, but he understands why someone would, especially since the test results will affect the Annual Professional Performance Review teacher assessments.
In 2010, New York was awarded a grant of nearly $700 million under the federal Race to the Top program, a U.S. Department of Education contest created to spur education reform in state and local district education. In turn, the state mandated that each school district implement its own APPR program to evaluate its teachers.
Twenty percent of teacher evaluations will be based on state-provided growth scores taken from ELA and math tests. This year, however, to accommodate possible low scores, growth will be measured by comparing 2011-12 school year state scores and this year's Common Core state test, and will take into consideration a student's characteristics and academic history and that of their peers.
Bridgehampton, East Hampton and Springs schools did not see any opt-outs either. One Southampton student opted out of the tests.
Those that faced the state exams struggled with finishing some of their sections. According to the New York State Council of School Superintendents, superintendents are speculating that the education department "miscalculated" the amount of time required for the testing for some grade levels, and some questions were difficult, even tricky, requiring students to go back and reread passages to zero in on correct answers.
Many superintendents said this week that they wished their teachers had more time to work within the Common Core standards before students were tested on them. They said that while the state was helpful in rolling out new modules and lesson plans, some grades didn't receive all of them in time and training came later than what they would have preferred.


text:
La rue Baden-Powell est un odonyme en l'honneur de Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell, militaire britannique, fondateur du scoutisme (1857-1941).

France

Alsace

 Bas-Rhin :
 Rue Baden-Powell à Strasbourg

Centre-Val de Loire

 Indre-et-Loire :
 Rue Baden-Powell à Montlouis-sur-Loire

Île-de-France

 Essonne
 Rue Baden-Powell à Yerres
 Seine-et-Marne
 Avenue Baden-Powell à Tournan-en-Brie
 Val-d'Oise
 Rue Baden-Powell à Saint-Leu-la-Forêt

Languedoc-Roussillon
 Hérault
 Rue Baden-Powell à Montpellier

Nord-Pas-de-Calais
 Nord
 Rue Baden-Powell à Lambersart


text:
<?php

namespace Diploma\BackOfficeBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Method;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Template;
use Diploma\BackOfficeBundle\Entity\QuestionVariant;
use Diploma\BackOfficeBundle\Form\QuestionVariantType;

/**
 * QuestionVariant controller.
 *
 * @Route("/variant")
 */
class VariantController extends Controller
{

    /**
     * Lists all QuestionVariant entities.
     *
     * @Route("/", name="variant")
     * @Method("GET")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entities = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant')->findAll();

        return array(
            'entities' => $entities,
        );
    }
    /**
     * Creates a new QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/", name="variant_create")
     * @Method("POST")
     * @Template("DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:Variant:new.html.twig")
     */
    public function createAction(Request $request)
    {
        $entity = new QuestionVariant();

        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $id = $request->get('questionId', null);

        $entity = new QuestionVariant();
        $form = $this->createForm(new QuestionVariantType(), $entity);

        $form->handleRequest($request);

        if ($form->isValid()) {
            $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
            $em->persist($entity);
            $em->flush();

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('test_show', array('id' => $entity->getQuestion()->getTest()->getId())));
        }

        return array(
            'entity' => $entity,
            'form'   => $form->createView(),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Creates a form to create a QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @param QuestionVariant $entity The entity
     *
     * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
     */
    private function createCreateForm(QuestionVariant $entity)
    {
        $form = $this->createForm(new QuestionVariantType(), $entity, array(
            'action' => $this->generateUrl('variant_create'),
            'method' => 'POST',
        ));

        $form->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => 'Create'));

        return $form;
    }

    /**
     * Displays a form to create a new QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/new", name="variant_new")
     * @Method("GET")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function newAction(Request $request)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $id = $request->get('questionId', null);

        $question = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:Question')->find($id);

        $entity = new QuestionVariant();
        $form = $this->createForm(new QuestionVariantType(), $entity, array(
            'question' => $question,
        ));

        return array(
            'entity' => $entity,
            'form'   => $form->createView(),
            'testId' => $question->getTest()->getId()
        );
    }

    /**
     * Finds and displays a QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/{id}", name="variant_show")
     * @Method("GET")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function showAction($id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find QuestionVariant entity.');
        }

        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);

        return array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
        );
    }

    /**
     * Displays a form to edit an existing QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/{id}/edit", name="variant_edit")
     * @Method("GET")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function editAction($id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find QuestionVariant entity.');
        }

        $editForm = $this->createEditForm($entity);
        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);

        return array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'edit_form'   => $editForm->createView(),
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
        );
    }

    /**
    * Creates a form to edit a QuestionVariant entity.
    *
    * @param QuestionVariant $entity The entity
    *
    * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
    */
    private function createEditForm(QuestionVariant $entity)
    {
        $form = $this->createForm(new QuestionVariantType(), $entity, array(
            'action' => $this->generateUrl('variant_update', array('id' => $entity->getId())),
            'method' => 'PUT',
        ));

        $form->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => 'Update'));

        return $form;
    }
    /**
     * Edits an existing QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/{id}", name="variant_update")
     * @Method("PUT")
     * @Template("DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant:edit.html.twig")
     */
    public function updateAction(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();

        $entity = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant')->find($id);

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find QuestionVariant entity.');
        }

        $deleteForm = $this->createDeleteForm($id);
        $editForm = $this->createEditForm($entity);
        $editForm->handleRequest($request);

        if ($editForm->isValid()) {
            $em->flush();

            return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('variant_edit', array('id' => $id)));
        }

        return array(
            'entity'      => $entity,
            'edit_form'   => $editForm->createView(),
            'delete_form' => $deleteForm->createView(),
        );
    }
    /**
     * Deletes a QuestionVariant entity.
     *
     * @Route("/{id}", name="variant_delete")
     * @Method("DELETE")
     */
    public function deleteAction($id)
    {

        $em = $this->getDoctrine()->getManager();
        $entity = $em->getRepository('DiplomaBackOfficeBundle:QuestionVariant')->find($id);

        $testId = $entity->getQuestion()->getTest()->getId();

        if (!$entity) {
            throw $this->createNotFoundException('Unable to find QuestionVariant entity.');
        }

        $em->remove($entity);
        $em->flush();
        return $this->redirect($this->generateUrl('test_show', array('id' => $testId)));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a form to delete a QuestionVariant entity by id.
     *
     * @param mixed $id The entity id
     *
     * @return \Symfony\Component\Form\Form The form
     */
    private function createDeleteForm($id)
    {
        return $this->createFormBuilder()
            ->setAction($this->generateUrl('variant_delete', array('id' => $id)))
            ->setMethod('DELETE')
            ->add('submit', 'submit', array('label' => 'Delete'))
            ->getForm()
        ;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Analytical Function for Querys I am working on a scenario for one of my projects at work I don't have any tables or data to fill those tables but I have to write a hypothetical query-
i wrote some of the query with regulaur sql but i think analytical functions come into play for part 2
the database supposedly gets 50 million records of flying cars a day and each record logs the position of a car every second for the entire day
i need to write a query that identifies any speeders speeding lets say will be anything over 500 miles per hour
and then i need to write another query that makes sure cars keep a distance of 50 feet from any other flying car so i have to identify anyone within 50 feet of each other anytime in the day thats airborne [ 50 feet altitude ] etc..
after i also need to write a query to ticket top 5% of speeders, assuming max speed within the city (including highways) is 50mph.
the information i have to write the query with is GPS timestamp, GPS latitude and longitude of camera, and car license plate.
here is what i have so far
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION speed(lat1 FLOAT, lon1 FLOAT, lat2 FLOAT, lon2 FLOAT, t time) RETURNS FLOAT AS $$
DECLARE
    x float = 69.1 * (lat2 - lat1);
    y float = 69.1 * (lon2 - lon1) * cos(lat1 / 57.3);
    d float = sqrt(x * x + y * y);
    tcon float = extract(hour from t);
BEGIN
   RETURN d/tcon;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

insert into report
    values (1,'04:23:20', 40.23,40.78,1200,1);
insert into report
    values(2,'03:21:00', 89.12,-120.56,1300,1);
insert into report
    values(3,'18:16:18', 30.12,-4.56,1400,1);
insert into report
    values (1,'04:56:00', 75.23,152.78,1200,2);
insert into report
    values(2,'06:14:00', 89.12,-12.56,1300,2);
insert into report
    values(3,'19:21:10', 60.12, 15.42,1400,2);
select report.carid,speed ((select(report.lat from report where carid = carid and entrynum = entrynum),
                select(report.lon from report where carid = carid and entrynum = entrynum),
                select(report.lat from report where carid = carid and entrynum = entrynum+1),
                select(report.lon from report where carid = carid and entrynum = entrynum+1),
                select(report.thours from report where carid = carid and entrynum = entrynum+1)
                from report)) as s

I dont know what to do next

A: I would examine Oracle's Spacial and Geo facilities.  You can get more information here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Born this day in 1935, Avery Schreiber, Chicago, Illinois comedian of team Burns & Schreiber. He died 01/07/2002 of a heart attack at age 66.
Born this day in 1955, Jimmy Tingle is 57, comic and occasional actor.
Born this day in 1932, Paul Krassner is 80, author, journalist, stand-up comedian, founder & editor of The Realist magazine, member of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, founding member of the Yippies.
Born this day in 1928, Tom Lehrer (Thomas Andrew Lehrer) is 84, New York, New York singer-songwriter, satirist, pianist, and mathematician.
0 comments on "This Day In Comedy: April 09"


text:
Tanguay Lab
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology; Oregon State University; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
Robyn L. Tanguay
Distinguished Professor | Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology
Director of Superfund Research Program
Director of Environmental Health Sciences Center
Director of Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
Robyn Leigh Tanguay (Formerly Robert Leonard Tanguay) is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, the Director of the Oregon State University Superfund Research Program, Director of the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, and the Director of an Environmental Health Sciences Center. She received her BA in Biology from California State University-San Bernardino, her PhD in Biochemistry from the University of California-Riverside and postdoctoral training in Developmental Toxicology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She serves on a number of academic, commercial and federal advisory boards and is on the editorial board for several scientific journals. Over the past several years she has pioneered the use of zebrafish as a toxicology model and recently developed automated high throughput instrumentation to accelerate phenotype discovery in zebrafish. A major focus in on identifying chemicals and mixtures that produce neurotoxicity. Phenotypic anchoring coupled with the inherent molecular and genetic advantages of zebrafish are used to define the mechanisms by which chemicals, drugs and nanoparticles interact with and adversely affect vertebrate development and function.
Lisa Truong
Assistant Professor (Sr. Research)
Deputy Director of Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
Lisa Truong is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and the Deputy Director of the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory at Oregon State University, where her research program goal is to utilize the zebrafish model to build computational models to be less reliant on animal testing and conduct toxicity-testing based on toxicity pathways. She received her Ph.D. in Toxicology at Oregon State in 2012 which focused on identifying the structure-activity relation of nanoparticles in the zebrafish model and was a postdoctoral fellow at US EPA-National Center for Computational Toxicology from 2012-2014. Lisa has been conducting research in the nanotoxicology and high throughput screening using zebrafish for the last 10 years. Dr. Truong is author/co-author of over 40 publications and has mentored over a dozen students.
Carrie Barton
Zebrafish Facility Manager
Carrie Barton is the Zebrafish Facility Manager at the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory (SARL), at Oregon State University. Prior to her appointment at SARL, she was the Zebrafish Room and Nursery Manager at the ZIRC. Combined, she has over 20 years of experience working specifically with research zebrafish colonies. Carrie served as president of the Zebrafish Husbandry Association in 2014, and volunteered as an executive board member from 2012-2014. She also serves as an instructor at zebrafish training workshops world wide in a continued effort to help elevate zebrafish husbandry standards industry wide.
Kimberly Hayward
High Throughput Screening Lead
I am the lead for the high throughput screening at Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory (SARL). I conduct experiments using embryonic zebrafish to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants that impact human and environmental health. With the use of robotics and other technology developed at SARL, I am able to rapidly screen numerous pollutants in a short amount of time. I also perform larval/adult behavior and fitness assays. I received my bachelors degree in Biology with a marine option from Oregon State University in 2016.
Jane La Du
Since receiving a B.S. in Zoology at OSU in 2003, I have been an FRA and lab manager in the Tanguay lab. In addition to assisting graduate, undergraduate and visiting students in their studies, my main research interests have focused on investigating the role of population genetic variation that results in differential susceptibility to chemical exposure, and characterization of a novel long non-coding RNA activated following TCDD exposure.
Eric Johnson, MS
SARL Facility Manager
Michael Simonich, PhD
High Throughput Screening Director
Mike works in all aspects of developmental toxicity testing at the SARL and contributes experience in molecular biology and technical writing.
THE SCIENTISTS
Subham Dasgupta, PhD
Delia Shelton, PhD
Dr. Delia Shelton is a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow in Biology. She received her BS in Animal Behavior and Spanish at Southwestern University, a teaching certificate from Prairie View A&M University and a dual PhD in Psychological and Brain Sciences and Evolution, Ecology and Behavior from Indiana University. She studies how environmental features influence social behavior in wild and domestic zebrafish. Shelton uses a combination behavioral assays, social network analyses, physiological manipulations and toxicological exposures to examine how pollutants directly and indirectly disrupt social behavior. She also has a vested interest in developing high-throughput phenotyping assays to screen zebrafish and other models.
Prarthana Shankar
I am a third year PHD student in the Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program at OSU. I graduated from California State University Fullerton with a B.S. in Biology (emphasis: Molecular Biology) along with a minor in Chemistry. Currently, I am interested in exploring how the downstream targets of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation, including long non-coding RNAs, are involved in PAH toxicity. Outside of work, I love spending time outdoors, running, traveling and hanging out with animals.
Yvonne Rericha
Pre-Doctoral Student
Lindsay Wilson
Christopher M. Sullivan
Masters Student
I have been working in the field of computational science for 18 years and currently has over 30 co-authored scientific publications. My work has focused on Biocomputing and life sciences that change the way we look at and interact with the environment. Over the years I have worked endlessly to remove any computational limits that change the scope of work we can do or introduces a bias to a research question. I am currently the Assistant Director for Biocomputing in the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing at Oregon State. In this position at the CGRB I work with 26 departments of research faculty doing research on everything from identification of plankton in our oceans to assembly of genomes and much more. This viewpoint provides a unique opportunity to find and remove limits effecting all research computing
Warren Anderson
Torrey Hunter
Connor Leong
I am a biology major interested in animal models. In my free time, I like to spend time outdoors.
Ryan Lopez
Dante Perone
Post-Bac Researcher
Arianna Sanchez
Russell Schaaf
Kaylie Turner
THE ENGINEERS
Everett Brant
Electrical and Computer Engineer
Vance Langer
John Parks
Tanguay Laboratory
Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
28645 E Hwy 34 Corvallis, OR 97333
Developmental and behavioral alterations in zebrafish embryonically exposed to valproic acid (VPA): An aquatic model for autism.
A Tour of the Tanguay Lab
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BvEZZo9pEQ
We received Toxicological Sciences Paper of the Year 2019! January 8, 2020
Dr. Robyn Tanguay awarded Agricultural Research Foundation Distinguished Faculty Award! January 8, 2020
Congratulations to Prarthana for Winning Best Poster at the Annual SuperFund Research Meeting December 4, 2019
See how zebrafish can be used to assess the hazard of E-cigarette flavor mixtures November 13, 2019
Our publication on modeling nanomaterial features and embryo toxicity is out! November 6, 2019
Fresh off the press: a tool for developmental risk assessment from chronic cyanoHAB exposure September 6, 2019
Our Work Highlighted on Public Radio! July 13, 2019
Congrats to visiting scholar, Joesen Shen, graduates with his masters in China at Wenzhou Medical University! July 8, 2019
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Commuting Options: What to Consider
TransForum 2019
Stories from Commuters
North Metro Rail Line
I-25 Express Lanes
Wagon Road & 144th Ave. Workforce Transit Service
What do you need to know about transit?
In Denver, commuters have many transit options available. RTD is the primary transit operator in the Denver metro; commuters can also ride Bustang from Fort Collins, Glenwood Springs, and Colorado Springs. There are also transit services that provide rides to people with limited personal mobility.
There are more than 40 RTD routes operating in the north metro area, providing access and mobility to residents and employees.
Plan Your Transit Route!
Haven't ridden the bus before? Use our step-by-step guide to better understand the process for getting started on a transit commute.
Research Your Options: My Way to Go is a one-stop shop for regional commute information. You can see what your transit route would look like compared to biking to work or finding a carpool partner.
Detailed Route Research: RTD's System Map, only available online, provides a complete overview of every route operating in the RTD system. It is a great way to understand the transit service near your home or work.
Route Itinerary Planner: Once you have a good idea of the RTD routes available to you, you can use Google Maps to create your step-by-step itinerary. Simply enter your work address, turn on the navigator, and enter your home address. Once Google has built your driving itinerary, you can click on the "transit" icon tab to convert the itinerary to a transit route, which will include your walking route to and from stops and stations.
Regional Transportation District (RTD)
RTD's website is a great resource for understanding the transit system. It has information about routes that are operating today, along with links to plans for future routes. Find additional RTD resources below.
RTD 2019 Fares Policy & Pass Programs Changes
RTD is making changes to its fares and pass programs, taking effect Jan. 2019. Learn more about fare prices, updated discounts, and more from this quick fact sheet.
How to Ride Bus and Rail
If you haven't ridden a bus before, or want to know how to ride light rail or commuter rail, RTD's website is full of guidance.
Mobile Ticketing & Mobile Information
Forget the lines and don't worry about cash or exact change. If you have your phone loaded with RTD's mobile ticketing app, you can pre-purchase tickets for the day of or for future use. Simply download the app, purchase your ticket, activate it before boarding a bus or train for the day, and you're on your way. Activated tickets expire at 2:59 a.m. the day after purchase; unused/unactivated pre-purchased tickets expire 45 days after purchase.
RTD also releases real-time transit information. While RTD has not developed its own trip-planning mobile app, there are many third-party providers you can use to track your bus or rail route in real time. RTD's Mobile Tools page lists them all.
RTD LiVE Discounted Fares Program
The program provides a 40 percent discount to qualifying riders whose household incomes are at or below 185 percent of the federal poverty level. Interested riders will have to qualify and enroll in the program to receive the discounted fare.
MyRide SMART CARD
Introducing RTD's new pre-loaded fare card! The smart card technology inside this card deducts your fare each time you ride. You simply tap the card each time you board transit: It pays your fare, acts as your transfer, and even saves you a percentage off each trip. With MyRide, you don't have to worry about carrying cash or asking for transfers.
RTD's Schedules and Alerts
If you are looking for a specific route and know your route number, you can go directly to find your route online from RTD's complete schedule list. You can also find rider alerts for specific routes on that route's page. If an alert for a route is active, you'll see "RIDER ALERTS" in red on the upper-right corner.
Bikes and RTD
Interested in combining biking with RTD? Check out RTD's Bike-n-Ride page, which provides detailed information about how to bring your bike on bus/rail and bike locker options at many stations across the region.
RTD's FlexRide (formerly Call-n-Ride) Service
RTD provides a service called Call-n-Ride which is a reservation transportation service that provides connections to every address within a service boundary. The service costs local fare; free transfers between RTD services apply. To reserve a ride, passengers will need to call a specific phone number for the Call-n-Ride area they are in and schedule a time for their trip. Service areas in the north metro include Brighton, Broomfield, Federal Heights, Longmont, and Thornton/Northglenn.
SeniorRide
Serving groups of ten or more people, SeniorRide is an essential service for the senior citizen community. Every year, SeniorRide transports thousands of senior citizens to a variety of cultural, educational, and entertainment events.
Broomfield's Easy Ride
Broomfield residents aged 60+ or with qualifying disabilities can access this free service for transportation to/from medical appointments, grocery shopping trips, personal trips, and more. Before scheduling rides, you must register by filling out a client information form.
Access-A-Ride
This service is RTD's local bus transportation for people with disabilities. Access-A-Ride assists individuals who cannot access RTD's fixed route bus and light rail system maintain their freedom to travel around the metro area.
SkyRide to DIA
Commuters from the north metro can ride to DIA on SkyRide, which takes travelers right to DIA Station next to the main terminal. The AA route provides hourly service to and from the Wagon Road Park-n-Ride at 120th Ave. and I-25.
SportsRides
If you are traveling to go see the Rockies, to watch the Broncos, or to participate in the annual BolderBoulder, RTD will often have a special ride to get you where you want to go. Before making your travel plans, check RTD's website to see if you can ride RTD instead.
Additional Transit Resources
CDOT's Bustang: If you commute to downtown Denver from Fort Collins, Glenwood Springs, or Colorado Springs, you could check to see if Bustang might be an option for your commute.
Getting There Guide: From the Denver Regional Mobility and Access Council (DRMAC), the "Getting There Guide" is intended to help bridge the transportation gap for citizens with limited mobility, thus helping them live as independently as possible.
A-Lift: This service is for Adams County residents who are 60 years of age and older (or who are mobility challenged regardless of age). Persons needing transportation to medical and dental appointments, adult day and respite programs, grocery facilities, or personal trips within 5 miles of residence may qualify to use this service. Rides are available Monday-Friday 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. and are provided at no cost. Donations, while not expected, are accepted. Call the Senior's Resource Center at 303-235-6972 for information.
VIA Transit: The City of Brighton and the Town of Erie have contract service with Via Transit, a non-profit agency providing door-to-door service within Brighton and Erie. The service is available Monday through Friday from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Call 303-447-2848 for information.
According to an article from the Washington Post, if your commute is the typical 26 minutes each direction, that works out to a total of nine full days a year spent traveling to work and back! If you have a 90 minute commute, you're spending 3 hours a day on the road. That works out to more than a full month out of the year commuting!
Longer commutes are linked with increased rates of obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, back and neck pain, divorce, depression, and death.
12200 Pecos St. Suite 100
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We asked, you answered. In celebration of Adopt a Senior Pet Month this November, we asked people to share their stories about adopting a special senior pet. We knew at least some people would respond (after all, we're in on the secret that older pets are awesome), but the deluge of stories and photos that came pouring in was nothing short of amazing.
They came by the hundreds and made for entertaining, sometimes tearful, and ultimately inspiring reading.
Here are just a few of the many stories people shared about falling in love with an older pet. Think of them next time you come across a graying furry face or slightly creaky "meow," and learn how you can find one of your own, too.
We had just lost our 18-year-old dog Bernie, and agreed to wait a while before getting another dog. I was approaching my last year of teaching, and my husband and I wanted to concentrate on traveling more. This lasted two days, because when I came home from work, he presented me with a Petfinder.com list of small dogs needing homes. We found Choli, who, according to her short bio, loved to travel, too.
I flew from New Jersey to Texas to get her. We'd been told she was five pounds (she was seven). We'd been told she was five years old (she was 10). We knew she was missing an eye and some teeth (but not that her jaw had been broken and healed crooked so her tongue hung out most of the time). I noticed she walked fine, ran fine, but had a rear-leg hop at a trot (X-rays later showed a BB in that leg). She also had a slight heart murmur. In short, it was love at first sight for both of us.
In the four years since Choli came into our lives, she has accompanied us on trips throughout the United States and to France. As we have aged, we are in need of more meds and attention to keep ourselves going. Arthritis and progressive heart disease have meant that Choli slowed down a little, but great meds, veterinarians and a new doggie brother have put a renewed spring in her step — as well as the fact that she is loved to the moon and back!
Fuzzy joined our family in July of this year. Most days during lunch I walk around the neighborhood near my work, and over the past four years, I've gotten to know many of the local cats. Fuzzy has always had a special place in my heart. She was scrawny, flea-bitten and full of personality. She lived under a house and was being fed by the homeowner, but I've wanted to be her mama for quite some time.
When my elderly cat Gabby died in March of this year, I wrestled with asking the homeowner if I could adopt Fuzzy. One day this summer, I just knew I had to have her. She came trotting out from under the house like she did every day, completely filthy but oh, so sweet. I couldn't let her live under that house any longer. Fuzzy's caretaker was happy that I wanted to bring her into my home.
She is 11 years old and has kidney disease. She isn't crazy about her feline siblings and she is brimming with "tortitude." She isn't great with the litter box and is picky about her food. She's kind of a pain, really, but I'm completely in love with all eight pounds of her. She loves to snuggle and craves attention. She has never once shown a hint of interest in going outside. I'm so happy that I get to be her mama and give her a comfortable, love-filled life for the rest of her days.
We adopted Bea two years ago. It took years to get over our last dog and we were not looking for an old dog, but circumstances interfered and we met Bea. We have always had small dogs and Bea, a Rottweiler and shepherd mix, is definitely not that. But she is the nicest dog and just plain gentle. Now at about 11 years old she has started to limp a little, but that doesn't stop her from being happy all the time.
I pray that she will be with us for years to come, but when the day arrives for another companion, I will be looking past all those rambunctious puppies to the old dog calmly sitting there looking for a good home.
My beloved Jaime is 20 years old. I rescued him from the shelter when he was about two, and he has run my household ever since. A working cat, he has nursed a husband with a broken leg, encouraging him that he could indeed climb the stairs to go to bed.
Jaime has ensured that Purrcy, a feral kitten who joined us when he was three months old and is now 16 years old, was safe from Jakki (Just a Kitty Kat), who thought that we didn't need another cat. And when the pups joined us two years ago, Jaime was the one who showed them who was boss.
He hasn't slowed down much, though he is skinny now. He's had kidney failure (I gave him dialysis) and pancreatitis (I gave him pain meds), but he is still very much the boss.
He swats dogs and cats who don't behave "properly," sleeps with me every night, reminds me when it is time for dinner or to scratch his chin. He keeps me company as I watch TV or play Scrabble, asking only for love, warmth and chopped chicken breast. We should all ask for so little and give so much in return.
We have been fostering homeless pets for a short time now and found that seniors (especially seniors with disabilities) will always have a place in our home when needed.
This spring, a 15-year-old deaf mini-schnauzer was posted in a local networking group and we knew she needed to come to our home. She was in poor condition with her hair completely matted and her skin and teeth in terrible shape. She also walked with a slight hitch in her giddyup. We were looking through her paperwork from the shelter and read her former family's reason for surrendering her after 15 years: "Moving. Don't want the dog." It broke our hearts.
After a nice shave, medicated baths to help her skin, a dental, and figuring out why her walk was so funny (the poor lady has some BB bullets in her that are causing arthritis in her back), she was good as new. She is very spry for her age and few people believe she is actually 15. She loves her evening walks and, within a few months, she became fit enough to go on hikes with us and our younger pups. After fostering her for most of the summer, we decided that we loved her far too much to adopt her out.
Between the wild sounds she makes when we come home from work to the way she lies at our feet in the kitchen while we cook, we can't imagine our lives without her. We know her time with us may not be as long as if we had opted for a puppy, so we make sure to spoil her every day and never take her cuddling for granted. When we tell people we adopted a 15-year-old dog, we do get a few funny looks now and again, but we wouldn't trade her for anything.
Looking to add a senior pet to your family? Find one at the Sanctuary, one of Best Friends' pet adoption centers, or a No More Homeless Pets Network partner near you, where you can take advantage of our Love Is Ageless adoption promotion. Click here to find your next pet.


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Jan ścinawski (ur. między 1296 a 1300, zm. 7 października między 1361 a 1364) – książę głogowsko-żagański z dynastii Piastów. W latach 1312–1317 wspólnie z braćmi Henrykiem IV Wiernym i Przemkiem współrządca nad Żaganiem i Ścinawą, a w latach 1312–1314 także w Poznaniu, od 1316 lub 1317 samodzielny książę ścinawski, od 1329 dziedziczny lennik czeski.

Życiorys
Jan był czwartym pod względem starszeństwa synem Henryka III głogowskiego i Matyldy brunszwickiej. Datę jego narodzin ustala się na lata między 1296 a 1300. W chwili śmierci ojca był jeszcze małoletni, w związku z czym znalazł się pod opieką matki i starszego brata Henryka.

29 lutego 1312 nastąpił pierwszy podział księstwa, w wyniku którego Henryk, Jan i Przemko otrzymali zachodnią część dziedzictwa z Żaganiem, Ścinawą i Poznaniem. W przyszłości po śmierci matki do dzielnicy braci miał być dołączony również Głogów. Pozostałą część dziedzictwa z Oleśnicą, Kaliszem i Gnieznem przejęli dwaj pozostali bracia – Konrad i Bolesław. Okres wspólnych rządów książąt stał pod znakiem utraty Wielkopolski na rzecz Władysława Łokietka. W tym samym czasie Głogowczycy stracili również część terytoriów uzyskanych przez ojca od książąt legnickich.

Samodzielne rządy w wydzielonej przez Henryka IV dzielnicy obejmującej Ścinawę, Górę i Lubin Jan objął na przełomie 1316 i 1317.

Po usamodzielnieniu się na przełomie 1316 i 1317 a przed 1324 książę Jan ożenił się z Małgorzatą, córką księcia pomorskiego Bogusława IV i Małgorzaty rugijskiej. Małżeństwo, które zostało zawarte przed 29 lipca 1322 było bezdzietne.

29 lipca 1326 zawarł z braćmi Henrykiem IV i Przemkiem trójstronny układ o przeżycie, w którym bezdzietni dotychczas Jan i Przemko zapewniali, że w wypadku bezpotomnej śmierci jednego z nich pozostali bracia podzielą się po połowie jego ziemiami z uwzględnieniem praw wdowy.

W połowie lat 20. XIV w. w związku z wrogimi stosunkami z książętami legnickimi związał się na krótko przyjaznymi układami z Polską. W 1328 wsparł księcia legnicko-brzeskiego Bolesława III Rozrzutnego w walce z Henrykiem VI wrocławskim. 29 kwietnia 1329, ulegając naciskom króla czeskiego Jana Luksemburskiego, uznał się we Wrocławiu jego lennikiem. W przeciwieństwie do braci, którzy byli lojalni wobec Luksemburczyka, Jan ścinawski nie uzyskał przy okazji hołdu lennego żadnych przywilejów, jednakże otrzymał prawo dziedziczenia ziem po braciach.

Na początku 1331 zmarł, prawdopodobnie otruty przez wasali, najmłodszy brat Jana – Przemko głogowski. W myśl wcześniejszych porozumień połowę księstwa (z wyjątkiem Głogowa oraz kasztelanii głogowskiej i tarnowskiej, które jako oprawę wdowią miała otrzymać Konstancja świdnicka) miał dostać Jan, podczas gdy druga miała przypaść Henrykowi IV. Nieoczekiwanie jednak na przełomie września i października 1331 w plany te wmieszał się Jan Luksemburski, który korzystając ze zgromadzonych na wyprawę z Polską oddziałów wojskowych zajął siłą Głogów, zmusił Konstancję do ucieczki, zaś od Jana ścinawskiego za sumę 2000 grzywien srebra odkupił należną mu połowę księstwa. Następnie książę ścinawski wziął udział w wyprawie Jana Luksemburczyka przeciwko Polsce i oblężeniu Poznania.

Sprzedaż Głogowa królowi czeskiemu zaniepokoiła jego starszych braci Henryka IV Wiernego i Konrada I oleśnickiego. 25 lipca 1334 Jan został zobowiązany przez nich, że nigdy więcej nie sprzeda dzierżonych przez siebie terytoriów bez ich zgody. Pomimo tego Jan, będąc w stałych kłopotach finansowych, próbował dalej rozsprzedawać swoje księstwo. 29 stycznia 1336, podczas wizyty w Pradze, Jan zdecydował się przekazać po swojej śmierci Ścinawę Janowi Luksemburskiemu w zamian za dożywotnie władanie w Głogowie. Tylko dzięki protestom braci układ ten ostatecznie nie wszedł w życie. Bracia nie zdołali za to powstrzymać Jana w zastawieniu Lubina Bolesławowi III Rozrzutnemu.

W celu uniknięcia dalszego rozprzedawania ojcowizny 27 sierpnia 1337 Henryk IV Wierny i Konrad I oleśnicki wykupili od Jana całe księstwo ścinawskie, zachowując tam dla niego dożywocie. W marcu 1338 układ został potwierdzony przez króla czeskiego w zamian za zrzeczenie się długów Jana Luksemburskiego wobec Henryka oraz rezygnację z zastawionego wcześniej Lubina. Pomimo tych wszystkich starań jeszcze w 1337 Jan sprzedał Luksemburczykowi Górę z okręgiem, zachowując prawo wieczystych rządów. 12 sierpnia 1345 wraz z Konradem oleśnickim sprzedał miasto wraz z okręgiem Czechom, otrzymując za prawa do jego połowy 1500 grzywien.

Od lat 40. XIV w. Jan ścinawski sprzedawał części swojego księstwa Henrykowi IV Wiernemu i jego synowi Henrykowi V Żelaznemu. 30 kwietnia 1341 sprzedał książętom żagańskim Wschowę z okręgiem, w 1353 zamek Ryczeń, w 1358 połowę Ścinawy i terytorium pomiędzy Odrą a Baryczą, zaś w 1361 Polkowice i Bagno.

W 1343 w czasie wojny Henryka V Żelaznego z Kazimierzem Wielkim wsparł militarnie swojego bratanka, w związku z czym wojska polskie wtargnęły do jego księstwa i zdobyły oraz spaliły Ścinawę.

Nie wiadomo, kiedy dokładnie Jan zmarł. Zgon księcia nastąpił między 23 kwietnia 1361 (data wystawienia przez niego ostatniego znanego dokumentu) a 19 maja 1365 (data wydania aktu, w którym wspominany jest jako zmarły). Znana jest data dzienna jego śmierci – 7 października, zmarł więc 7 października między 1361 a 1364. Został pochowany w klasztorze cystersów w Lubiążu. Jego spadkobiercami zostali Henryk V Żelazny i Konrad I oleśnicki.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Jasiński K., Rodowód Piastów śląskich, wyd. II, Wydawnictwo Avalon, Kraków 2007, , 368–371.

 Sperka J., Jan, [w]: K. Ożóg, S. Szczur (pod red.), Piastowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 1999, , s. 630–633.

Linki zewnętrzne
 Sadowscy J. i A., Jan, książę głogowski (Polski Słownik Biograficzny X), [w]: Głogowski Słownik Biograficzny do 1945 r., t. XVIII, Biblioteka Encyklopedii Ziemi Głogowskiej, Głogów 1995, s. 113–114 [dostęp 2011-12-26].

Piastowie głogowscy i żagańscy
Urodzeni w XIII wieku
Zmarli w XIV wieku
Książęta wielkopolscy
Ludzie związani ze Ścinawą


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info@pennington.org.uk
EPC - Online Portal
TEAMS - Asbestos Portal
WORKSPACE - File Sharing
Auburn Ainsley
Consultancy and Remediation
Asbestos Testing Kits
The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act
Fitness for Human Habitation Audit
Fitness For Human Habitation Training
Fire Safety Management
Compartmentation Survey
Fire Door Audit
Electrical Auditing
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// Surveying // The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act
Parts of the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 will come into effect in March 2020. Now is the time to ensure that you are ready for the changes and are fully compliant with the legislation, or potentially face legal repercussions.
What is the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act?
The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act (FFHH) is an amendment to the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985. The amendment came into force in March 2019 to ensure that rented houses and flats are 'fit for human habitation', which means that they are safe, healthy and free from things that could cause serious harm.
What changes are coming?
The Act officially came into force on 20 March 2019 for all new tenancies (of less than 7 years). This includes renewal of an existing tenancy from then or a tenancy which was fixed term and becomes periodic on or after this date. However, if a tenancy became periodic before 20 March 2019, the Act will only apply 12 months from commencement (20 March 2020).
For tenants, the change offers new opportunities to hold their landlord to account, without having to rely on their local authority. For landlords and housing associations, this invites opportunities to slip up and make mistakes leading to court summons.
What are the exceptions to this?
Landlords will not be required to rectify unfitness if:
- the problem is caused by tenant behaviour
- the problem is caused by 'acts of god', such as events like fires, storms and floods which are completely beyond the landlord's control
- the problem is caused by the tenants' own possessions
- the landlord hasn't been able to get consent e.g. planning permission, permission from freeholders etc.
- the tenant is not an individual, e.g. local authorities, national parks, housing associations, educational institutions
The Act does not cover people who have 'licences to occupy', instead of tenancy agreements. This may include lodgers (people who live with their landlord) some people who live in temporary accommodation, and some, but not all, property guardians.
Does The Act apply to social landlords?
Yes, the act is applicable to all landlords whether private or social.
Are there any new requirements for social landlords?
There are no new obligations following the changes, landlords who are meeting their existing responsibilities for property safety and standards should have nothing to worry about.
What will happen if I do not comply?
Landlords who do not comply could be taken to court by tenants for a breach of contract. This could result in the landlord being made to pay compensation to their tenant, or complete the necessary works to improve the property.
What will The Act look for?
The Act will look specifically for whether:
- the building has been neglected and is in a bad condition
- the building is unstable
- there's a serious problem with damp
- it has an unsafe layout
- there's not enough natural light
- there's not enough ventilation
- there is a problem with the supply of hot and cold water
- there are problems with the drainage or the lavatories
- it's difficult to prepare and cook food or wash up
The Act will also look into a further 29 hazards set out in the Housing Health and Safety (England) Regulations 2005.
For social landlords, it is important to continue to assure their properties are let and maintained in compliance with the Act. It is also in the best interest of social landlords to rectify any damages that they are responsible for as soon as possible.
To ensure compliance, an audit of the property(s) would be extremely useful. This gives landlords peace of mind as to whether the property meets the standards required. It may also be useful for housing associations to undergo training on the Act to help them gain a better understanding of what to look for and how to correctly follow the laws.
Pennington Choices are corporate members of RICS, with a number of highly experienced surveyors and consultants. Our extensive knowledge and experience in Building Surveying allows us to work proactively in guiding and training social landlords and lawyers on the legal requirements under the FFHH Act.
Services we offer:
Audits: We offer a thorough Fitness for Human Habitation Audit, in which an expert surveyor will assess all of the relevant documents and properties, and produce a detailed, written report. We look for the presence of defects, any risks to Health and Safety and anything that materially interferes with use of property.
Our final report will demonstrate the property's current compliance under the Fitness for Human Habitation Act and detail the next steps for the landlord to ensure they are fully compliant with the new legislation.
Follow this link for more on FFHH Audits.
Training: We offer comprehensive training for social landlords and housing associations to help them understand their legal requirements under the Fitness for Human Habitation Act. All of our training is bespoke and can be delivered in-house, or at a convenient location.
The training covers the main aspects of the law, how to assess the property, how to prevent against issues and how to act on any finds.
Follow this link for more on FFHH Training.
If you are interested in an audit or bespoke training, please contact our offices on 0800 883 0334. Alternatively, you can email us at asktheexperts@pennington.org.uk.
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text:
Q: What is the center of $End_A(S)$? $k$ is a field and $A$ a finite-dimensional algebra over $k$, $S$ is a simple $A$-module.
I know that $End_A(S) \subseteq End_k(S)$ and $End_k(S)$ has a center isomorphic to $k$. What is the center of $End_A(S)$? It contains $k$, for sure.
This is a question I came up with. If it doesn't even make sense, please let me know! Thank you!

A: The endomorphism ring of a simple module is a division ring, because a nonzero endomorphism is necessarily bijective.
Call $D$ this division ring, which is also a $k$-algebra and is finite dimensional over $k$, because $S$ is finite dimensional over $k$.
The center $K$ of a division ring is easily seen to be a field, hence we can state that $K$ is a finite extension of $k$.
Which one? Any finite extension of $k$ is possible. Indeed, if $K$ is a finite extension of $k$, you can take $A=S=K=D$.
If $k$ is algebraically closed, then $K=k$.

A: The centre of $\text{End}_A(S)$ is a field.. For,
the endomorphism ring of a simple module is a division ring.
Now we will show that the centre $Z=Z(\text{End}_A(S))$ is exactly the field $k$ because for all $0 \neq x \in Z(\text{End}_A(S))$,  we always have $x^{-1} \in \text{End}_A(S)$. But we have to show is that the inverse $x^{-1} \in Z(\text{End}_A(S)).$ And this holds as  for $x \in Z(\text{End}_A(S))$, we have \begin{align*} &gx=xg \  \forall g \in \text{End}_A(S), \\ \Rightarrow &x^{-1}gxx^{-1}=x^{-1}xgx^{-1} \\
 \Rightarrow &x^{-1}g=gx^{-1}, \end{align*} which says $x^{-1} \in Z(\text{End}_A(S))$. Hence for $x \in Z(\text{End}_A(S))$ implies $x^{-1} \in Z(\text{End}_A(S))$. Further, note that centre of a ring is itself a ring and infact a commutative ring.
Thus $Z(\text{End}_A(S))$ being commutative ring as well having property that it consists of inverses of all its non-zero elements $(xx^{-1}=1)$, implies that $Z(\text{End}_A(S))$ is a field.
Edit: Now we have to check whether $Z(\text{End}_A(S))  =k$ or not. For this, see the answer by @egreg.


text:
ALEXI LAIHO's BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT Signs With NAPALM RECORDS
BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT, the band launched by ex-CHILDREN OF BODOM guitarist/vocalist Alexi Laiho, has inked a deal with Napalm Recordsfor all territories excluding Japan.
Joining Alexi in the group are drummer Waltteri Väyrynen (PARADISE LOST), guitarist Daniel Freyberg (ex-CHILDREN OF BODOM), bassist Mitja Toivonen (ex-SANTA CRUZ) and touring keyboardist Vili Itäpelto.
BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT said in a statement: "We are far beyond thrilled to start working with Napalm Records. We feel that they can provide the best possible temple for a boulder called BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT to roll over all the archeologists who claim that metal music is on the brink of extinction.
"Since the world is more or less in a standstill state right now, we are spending all the time we'd normally spend on the road making new music. Our new family at Napalm is giving us the liberty to make music that you can bang your head to very soon."
Thomas Caser, managing director of Napalm Records, added: "Welcome BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT. I have been following the career of Alexi Laiho since the first CHILDREN OF BODOM albums and have always been a huge fan. It's needless to say that we are delighted to finally work with such a talent and we cannot wait for the first bits of music to be unleashed to the metal world. This will be BIG!"
Named after a track on CHILDREN OF BODOM's "Follow The Reaper" album, BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT recently entered Finnvox studios in Helsinki, Finland to record its first music.
The band said: "As most of our gigs and touring plans for 2020 got canceled, meanwhile we've been working hard on our upcoming full-length album that's supposed to see the light of the day in late 2021. To make the wait a little easier, we want to give a treat to our fans and announce that we've just finished the recordings for two brand new bone-crushing and neck-breaking BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT songs! Needless to say, we're absolutely thrilled about this and we can guarantee there's killer stuff coming up your way! Cheers and stay tuned for more info!"
BODOM AFTER MIDNIGHT made its live debut on October 23 at Rytmikorjaamo in Seinäjoki, Finland. The 17-song show consisted entirely of CHILDREN OF BODOM material.
Jaska Raatikainen (drums), Henri "Henkka T. Blacksmith" Seppälä (bass) and Janne Wirman (keyboards) announced their departures from CHILDREN OF BODOM in October 2019. Two months later, they confirmed that they were the rightful owners of the CHILDREN OF BODOM brand.
CHILDREN OF BODOM played its final show on December 15, 2019 at the Black Box in Helsinki Ice Hall. A short time later, Finnish music magazine Soundi reported that the rights to the CHILDREN OF BODOM name are held by AA & Sewira Consulting Oy, the company owned by Raatikainen, Seppälä and Wirman. In June 2019, the trio filed an application with the National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland, and their application was subsequently granted for a five-year period starting on October 1, 2019. As a result, Laiho, who was CHILDREN OF BODOM's singer, guitarist and main songwriter, isn't authorized to use the band's name without permission from Wirman, Raatikainen and Seppälä.
In November 2019, Laiho admitted to Helsingin Sanomat that there had been tensions in the BODOM camp for quite some time.
"The original decision [to end the band in its current form] came when the other guys said they just couldn't do it anymore," he said. "There were family reasons for it. I respect their decision. I myself have a wife and stepdaughter in Australia, and my wife understands my lifestyle. I'm pretty much gone [most of the time], but always I come back and I give them my all. Nothing is more important to me."
According to Laiho, things came to a head when CHILDREN OF BODOM performed in Russia in October 2019.
"We fought a lot within the band, and I can honestly admit that those fights were mainly my fault," he said. "They always started with some misunderstanding."
Relations within the band apparently got so bad during the Russian tour that it looked as if CHILDREN OF BODOM would break up right there and then. But cooler heads prevailed, and the group decided that the shows in Finland would be their last with the most recent formation.
CHILDREN OF BODOM's last album, "Hexed", came out in March 2019 via Nuclear Blast Records.
Photo credit: Samu Ruotsalainen
Tags: children of bodom
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