Bethany Lutheran's original Gothic-style masonry church was designed by the Staunton architecture firm, T. J. Collins and Son, and was completed in 1924. Additions in 1939 and 1952 provided expanded space for their grade school and later an early childhood education program that became a deeply held mission program at the church. A 1992 addition provided space for a choir room and friendship room as well as offices.
Frazier Associates was retained to provide a feasibility study to aid the church in determining the condition of the current building and the feasibility of rehabilitating it and/or expanding at the current site versus constructing a new building on a different site. Included in the study is a property investigation, a program space needs assessment, as well as cost estimating for the various proposed solutions.


There are some things that I get asked a lot, there are a few repeating questions when it comes to ammo but one in particular always comes back.
"How does Lapua ammo compare to SK?" or "I heard that Lapua and Sk...this and that."


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Home Archives for February 24, 2022
UNIST Alumni Apprised of His Appointment to Professorship
Hansol Kim has been appointed to a faculty position within the Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering at Inje University.
The Department of Biological Sciences at UNIST has announced the appointment of its graduate as an assistant professor at Inje University. Hansol Kim (Advisor: Professor Sebyung Kang) is an alumnus who has recently been appointed to a facul... Read More
Feb 24, 2022 By JooHyeon Heo People

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Boost provides free peer-reviewed portable C++ source libraries. A large part of Boost is provided as C++ template code which is resolved entirely at compile-time without linking. This package aims to provide the most useful subset of Boost libraries for template use among CRAN package. By placing these libraries in this package, we offer a more efficient distribution system for CRAN as replication of this code in the sources of other packages is avoided. As of release 1.69.0-1, the following Boost libraries are included: 'algorithm' 'align' 'any' 'atomic' 'bimap' 'bind' 'circular_buffer' 'compute' 'concept' 'config' 'container' 'date_time' 'detail' 'dynamic_bitset' 'exception' 'filesystem' 'flyweight' 'foreach' 'functional' 'fusion' 'geometry' 'graph' 'heap' 'icl' 'integer' 'interprocess' 'intrusive' 'io' 'iostreams' 'iterator' 'math' 'move' 'mpl' 'multiprcecision' 'numeric' 'pending' 'phoenix' 'preprocessor' 'propery_tree' 'random' 'range' 'scope_exit' 'smart_ptr' 'sort' 'spirit' 'tuple' 'type_traits' 'typeof' 'unordered' 'utility' 'uuid'.


I had to get to Boone's Fish House & Oyster Room eventually. Having reviewed all the other "Rooms" in Portland, the newest one just hadn't come up on my list yet despite seeing a number of reviews of it. But this past Saturday I was finally ready to experience the waterfront restaurant for myself. Unfortunately, it was a little too cold to sit outside at a table or the bar, but those certainly would be great options in warmer temperatures. The scenery is great, and in my opinion, there's no better place to eat than on/by the water.
When we walked inside, there wasn't much in the way of outdoor views, but the interior was certainly very nice on it's own. The look of the restaurant could be described as modern rustic with beautiful wooden beams overhead and a nice bar. The kitchen was open, though partially blocked from certain areas. The scent of wood-fire from the grill was quite prominent and pleasing. There were chalkboards hanging with the specials written on them.
We walked up to the hostess who then checked to see if our table was available and were promptly seated with menus. Water soon followed. The menu was a large, laminated and two-sided. On the front were food items and on the back were wine selections. There was also a menu with featured food items and beer, cocktails, and additional wines. The main menu was quite diverse. There were apps, salads, lobster, fried foods, burgers, pizza, dinner plates, and wok items. The feature menu had more of the same with a number of fish, sauces, and sides. We also got a paper and pencil on which we could choose from a variety of available oysters.
My initial view of the menu had me trying to figure out if it was too much or just offered great variety. I settled on the latter. Yes, it was a lot, but there really was something for everyone. I had been seriously contemplating some fried seafood before I got there and was little disappointed that there were limited options in that category, but I felt that what they did have were solid choices. We decided not to order drinks since we had some before arriving, so I got over my menu concerns and became focused on getting some grub in my belly.
Two ideas were solidified in my mind before even looking at the menus – I wanted an app and didn't want any raw seafood. I laid my eyes upon the Oyster Room Meatballs with local pork, local oysters, and sweet soy. From there I went with a half pint of the fried Whole Belly Clams in crumbs. Since I only ordered a half-pint of the clams and wanted to try a few different foods, I decided to go with two sides. The Farm Vegetables and Caramelized Onion Hash Brown got my attention. My wife ordered Scallops with the Zippy Sauce and chose Crispy Brussel Sprouts and Farm Vegetables as sides. When the waitress came back for our orders she delivered some blueberry bread in lieu of biscuits which weren't ready yet. We then piled our orders on her and anxiously awaited a bunch of food.
While waiting for our feast, my wife and I discussed the surprising allegorical correlation between mustachioed men from Mozambique and a melancholy cow with a certain curiosity. Before I could even get to my second point of comparison, a bowl of five meatballs arrived. My hunger convinced me it was time to dig in. I chopped the first one in half, noticing a light, fluffy consistency. I popped a half of the ball in my mouth. It was indeed light and fluffy, but not overly so. In my opinion, it was the perfect combination of meat and filler, but what really gave it life was the sauce. The sweet soy was…well…sweet and salty with just a little bit of heat. I didn't expect the heat but it was a welcome surprise. When the waitress picked up my empty bowl a short time later, she asked how hot they were. I told her they weren't that hot, but I would have loved even more fire.
After another short wait, our meals showed up. My half pint of clams looked generous and came with a sufficient amount of tarter sauce. A separate plate housed my hash brown and a bowl was full with the farm vegetables. My wife's food was on one large plate. I dug into my veggies first. They were very good – crunchy, buttery, and well seasoned. Next I tried the hash brown. It was crispy on the outside which I liked, but it lacked seasoning. It wasn't bad, but it needed something more; even a sauce of some sort would have worked. I moved on to Saturday night's main event. I bodyslammed a plain clam into my mouth, and then suplexed one into tarter sauce before proceeding to consume that too. The clams were definitely fresh. The crumbs gave them some salt and crispness. They were excellent. The tarter sauce was interesting. It was definitely more lemony than I was used to, but I liked it, particularly since there was no lemon on the plate. I felt it worked very well with the clams. Shortly after starting our meal, we received some biscuits.
In the battle between my food and I, I won. I ate every last crumb, stopping at times only to steal some of my wife's. Her sprouts and scallops were great. She couldn't quite finish all of her meal, but it was good enough for her to try like hell. I was impressed with her performance. After a congratulatory salute, we quietly decided that dessert would not be an option, but I did finish the biscuits and called them dessert. When the waitress came by to check if we were interested in something sweet though, I still wanted to hear what was available. I don't really remember much except that I heard the words "peanut" and "butter" consecutively. I shook my head hard to erase those words from my brain, knowing that dessert – even one with peanut butter – would ruin my night.
Our meals came to about $80 after all was said and done. We didn't get drinks, but ordered a couple sides each in order to try different items. I was quite pleased overall. The location is awesome and the atmosphere is one I really enjoyed. Service was solid and except for a small bump in the road in the way of an under-seasoned hash brown, the food was really good. I hope that in the future they will add more fried seafood options by the pint or fisherman's platter-type plates. I was really happy with the clams, but the only similar option was fried oysters. I would do cartwheels for good fried scallops or the like. Nonetheless, their diverse menu makes them quite unusual compared to other seafood restaurants and that's an endearing quality. I'll be back to Boone's this summer to sit at the outside bar for sure.
Feel free to email me at peterpeterportlandeater@yahoo.com with any thoughts, suggestions, criticisms, or otherwise helpful info or feel free to post your thoughts below. Also, like the Peterpeterportlandeater page on Facebook.
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This entry was posted in Portland, ME food on April 23, 2014 by peterpeterportlandeater.
Peter I'm glad you had an opportunity to come in and sample our selections. One small note: at any time we will grill, sautee', or fry a fish (or scallops!) of your choice. The menu's have a ton of options and that info may have been lost in the shuffle, but we can definitely fry some scallops for you at any time!
Again, thank you for the kind words and we hope to see you for Summah!


The Magale Library Friends group was established in 2005 to help Southern Arkansas University's library better meet the needs of its patrons.
The mission of Magale Library Friends is to enhance the holdings, services, and facilities of Magale Library and to help the library fulfill its role as the center for learning in southwest Arkansas.
• Provide and encourage gifts, donations, and financial support for the library.
• Offer an opportunity for individuals to come together with a common interest in the library and its cultural and academic activities.
• Contributions to Magale Donor Honor Societies will be used to support needs of the library including books, furnishings, technologies, additional space, educational and instructional programming, outreach, and other library needs. Donations may be pledged over a period of time.
The Magale Library is a centrally located learning resource center containing about 145,000 book volumes. The library has many comfortable study areas and study rooms. The library offers 127 desktop computers (84 in open labs and 43 in library instruction labs) and 14 laptop computers for student usage. The library has two library instruction labs on the third floor. The library collection also includes 9,822 audiovisual pieces, 32,234 microfilm and microfiche pieces from 96 titles, 73 online subscriptions to journals, 27,437 government documents, current subscriptions to 272 print periodicals, 2,566 e-books, three e-reference book databases, over 9,000 online streaming academic videos, and online full-text access to 50,736 periodical titles from 84 databases with indexing and abstracts for additional titles. The library website includes information literacy videos. Online access to library resources is available through the library homepage.. Students can use a federated search service at the library's website that will search most of Magale's electronic resources simultaneously. The resources at the Magale Library are used to prepare students in all academic areas for their intellectual growth, individual enrichment, skill development, and meaningful career preparation.
You are invited to support the success of SAU by joining the Magale Library Friends. Please consider this opportunity to contribute to academic excellence at Southern Arkansas University. Questions? Please call (870) 235-4171 or (870) 235-5068.
Each year, Magale Library hosts a luncheon especially for our Friends. The luncheon includes a guest speaker who provides an entertaining presentation. Our past speakers include prestigious authors, expert researchers, political activists, and historians.
In addition to the annual luncheon and book sale, Magale also hosts a variety of other events including various traveling exhibits, banned book displays, guest speakers, and learning activities. Learn more about Our Events!
Magale serves the SAU community by providing resources that support student learning. Thank you for helping the library meet the needs for the alcove project. The project enclosed the library's existing alcoves and converted them into usable study space and rooms.
Or, donate online by visiting the SAU Foundation online, selecting Make a Gift and designating your donation to Magale Library.


Many patients, myself included, experience extreme fatigue and a sense of confusion or forgetfulness. We nickname this "Kidney Brain"—you feel "fuzzy" or have problems remembering things or find yourself losing your place in thought. I have heard patients say they feel this sense of "fuzziness" is often at its worst right after their dialysis treatments.
I am doing my part to help patients in my community reduce isolation by creating opportunities to meet others facing similar challenges for socialization, fun and recreation through a small nonprofit, For Kidney's Sake. I don't think the only time a patient goes out of her house should be to go to the doctor's office or dialysis. I don't think a patient should be embarrassed by how he looks. I am convinced that the lives of dialysis patients can be improved dramatically by creating these kinds of connections.
Angela L. Davis is the founder of For Kidney's Sake, a nonprofit based in Queens, New York, that helps dialysis patients overcome isolation and depression by participating in fun and educational social events. She was honored as the American Kidney Fund Hero of Hope in 2015 for her commitment to making life better for the patients in her community.


Chinzombo was one of the Luangwa's original safari camps, the old camp mostly fell into the river and closed down in the late 90's, Norman Carr Safaris acquired the site and have now built a fantastic new camp which opened in July 2013. The camp descriptions and opinions on this website are purposefully honest so I'm happy to admit that I wasn't totally sure about the idea of building a very high end camp adjacent to the, at times rather over-crowded, central Mfuwe area of the South Luangwa, until that is, I visited the camp.
I can't think of a Zambian safari property that has combined comfort and style with a tented environment quite as well as has been achieved in this camp. The tents are spacious, but not overly so and they are littered with little additions that make your stay just that bit more comfortable. The standard of food and level of service are certainly higher than in most other properties but this is an area that will require constant attention if they are to justify the high price tag associated with this camp.
Access is gained by boat from the Park side of the Luangwa River although the camp itself sits on the opposite bank. The game-viewing in that area of the National Park has always been phenomenal but this is countered heavily in the peak season by the number of vehicles that are utilizing the area on a daily basis. The guiding team at Chinzombo has been picked from the cream of the Norman Carr stable, I know them all personally and they are some of the best around, they are all aware of the problems of offering a high end product in a crowded area and from what I have experienced in the camp they manage this as well as could possibly be expected.
Overall I'm a huge fan of this relatively new camp, it is as expensive as any in Zambia but the price is justified and Chinzombo offers something that has previously been left out of the Luangwa menu. It does not necessarily have to be complimented by a stay in a more remote camp and for the right client 3 or 4 nights here would tick the Luangwa box admirably.


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So, tonight, after almost a month of play, and after completing all missions on Hardcore difficulty, I am now onto the final mission of Insanity difficulty. That, in itself, is probably not the biggest statement, however, this is coming from a guy who traded a burger for the first title in the series, and then subsequently broke his computer multiple times to try and complete it, he fell in love with it that much (I finally completed it when I simply didn't turn my computer off or exit the game at any point during my play through), who pre-ordered the second title in the series as a Collector's Edition months in advanced, and ended up buying a second copy anyway because I couldn't get it fast enough. So, I suppose, tonight was the completion of a long and galactically fraught journey that started almost five years and hundreds of hours of play, ago. As the credits rolled, I felt a heavy weight in my heart, it's kind of the weight you feel when you've heard about the loss of a friend. (Keep in mind, as you read this, if you haven't finished the game I may accidentally roll in a spoiler or two).
And this is probably an appropriate time to talk about Mass Effect 3's ending(s), and the furore that currently surrounds it (well… singular because they're all basically the same). Hehe, smooth segue…
You would probably expect a gamer, like me, no less an amateur scholar of the medium, to immediately pan the lack of diversity in outcome, but, as a film-maker, I can also see the narrative and ethical depth of that single (modified for each of the three outcomes) ending, and I can respect the intention of the developer.
I think one of the most glaring issues that arises from this debacle, and, no, when I refer to the debacle I am not referring to the ending itself, rather the rancorous reception by the game's playing community, and media coverage, alike, is how it detracts from the image of the "stereotypical gamer" (I know, problematic), how it further ingrains into society that, while we are, on average, chronologically at age 28, we are, mentally, all aged below 13.
Here is the thing. While cinema is not an interactive medium per se (although, some would disagree with you, what I am trying to get at, is that it does not use interactivity as a primary means of conveying a message, although how that message is received is a story for another time), it is an expression of art. And, in the expression of art, whether it be literary, filmic or fine, the audience is often made to confront the ideas they find most uneasy within them, with this tension creating that inexorable engagement (like watching car crashes). We view art in this way to further explore these dark corners of our mind, in the safe knowledge of being within an escapist parameter, and through this uncovering of deep seated inhibitions, new and radical ideas are allowed to flourish, our minds are able to expand, be reinvigorated and grow. Art is a safe path to enlightenment.
In that vein, I see Mass Effect 3 as Bioware's attempt at enlightening the average gamer. But many gamers will cry, "But, ahhhh! What about my choice?! What about my wants?! What about the money I paid for this?! What about my notions of idyllic grandeur?! I want to have my cake and eat it too!!!" And here lies the other side of the coin (or our minds, should I say).
Subscribing to any kind of dogma, whether it be fundamentalist religion, radical secularism, extreme capitalism, naive socialism, or, in this case, selfish and elitist gaming conventions (and, yes, there are conventions, automatically dictated by the extreme reliance on quantitative scoring outcomes, the dichotomy of the gaming public, "play" and what is "fun", and the incessant juvenility of the industry and the media that surrounds it) automatically narrows the mind. The rules and messages portrayed as lifestyle conformation only serve to deprive the mind of independent thought, for a given situation, the dogma dictates a given response, there is no thought for consequence, there is no thought for improvement, and, most importantly, there is no thought for the situations and thoughts of others, nor yourself. The only way for a mind to be invigorated and active is to open it to abstract thought, and unstructured medias, the most accessible of which, is art.
Gamers may decry that games are not art, nor are they technical works – that they conform to no other medium. However, as said above, in subscribing to the dogma of being a "gamer" (problematic terminology, I realise), there is (probably, and this is an unfortunate blanket statement) the need to be unique after such unceasing scapegoating the video games industry and its proponents have endured within society since its inception over 50 years ago (depending on how you define video game. Modern video games are popularly viewed as having started with PONG (1972)). I see games as a medium of convergence though, as both at the cutting edge of technical brilliance, and, yes, the most fantastic expressions of art (you have to ask yourself, if they were not to be interpreted as texts conveying artistic expression, the most obvious question is, why the massive art departments on triple A games? (I agree, the answer is also as obvious)).
Returning to Mass Effect 3, viewing it as a brilliant and technical text of artistic expression, the latest zenith within the genre of recent epic narratives, I can see it as a fundamental critique of human society, of the inevitable cycles of war that occur with disparate class grading, and of the self-destructive nature of basing societal structures on the very worst aspects of the human psyche: perpetual and absolute destruction (refer the Krogan, actually, haha, just realised, the entire history of Krogans could be an analogy and future vision of our own), and the corrupting power of absolute control, neither of which are warranted, no matter the cause.
In the end, the right choice is unification, and the end of disparities. It is only through finding common ground that we can all create an understanding of co-operation. However, as indicated by the furore surrounding this (nuanced, and provoking (only my opinion)) ending, human society is not ready, and too blind to accept this outcome as it does not present the best outcome for either party (game theory and a story for another day).
What a deliciously ironic truism.
This entry was posted in News, Theoretical Work and tagged 3, art, bioware, conflict, cooperation, dogma, ending, expression, games culture, gaming, mass effect, RPG, social science, society. Bookmark the permalink.
← Taegukgi – Humanism and Antihumanism
Sigh, Fairfax… →


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Русенският градски транспорт води своето начало от 30-години на ХХ век, а от 1988 г. е открита първата тролейбусна линия. Приблизителната дължина на тролейбусните линии е 63 км и са проектирани да работят с 600 V DC електричество.

Тролейбусният транспорт е общински, докато автобусният транспорт се обслужва от две частни фирми. Тролейбусният парк се състои от тролейбуси с марки Ивеко, Рено, Шкода, както и от автобуси с марки Исузу, Мерцедес, Неоплан, МАН и др. От края на 2015 е въведена система за оптимизация на градския транспорт. Тя включва подмяна на всички спирки, електронни табла по 100-те най-натоварени спирки и информационни знаци и карти с разписанията на линиите по всяка една от спирките. Таксуването се извършва електронно или чрез покупка на билет от оторизирано лице – шофьор за тролейбусния транспорт и кондуктор за автобусния транспорт на фирма Шанс 99. Билетът е на стойност 1 лев.

Транспорт

Тролейбусен транспорт
Тролейбусният транспорт на града е общинска собственост. Броят на тролейбусните линии е седем. 2-ра тролейбусна линия свързва Западна промишлена зона с централната и западната част на града. Тя се движи на сравнително чести интервали от време, като в пикове часове достигат до 10 минути. Останалите тролейбусни линии с номера 9, 13, 21, 24, 27 и 29 свързват кварталите "Дружба" и "Чародейка" с централната, западната и източната част на града. Всички те се дублират в участъка от Кръговото до кръстовището на булевардите Христо Ботев и Васил Левски (спирка "Технополис"). Всички линии са без кондуктор и качването се осъществява от първата врата (на шофьора) на съответното превозно средство.

Автобусен транспорт
Автобусният транспорт на Русе се обслужват от две частни фирми – Шанс 99 ООД (12 линии) и Геокомерс ООД (6 линии). Автобусни линии с номера 3 и 4 свързват кварталите "Дружба" и "Чародейка" с Източната и Западната промишлена зона. 5-а автобусна линия свързва Централна гара с централната част на града и кварталите "Здравец" и "Родина" с последна спирка Кооперативен пазар. Автобусни линии 6, 7, 8 и 15 свързват отдалечените квартали "Средна кула" и "Долапите" с възловите точки на градската част. 10-а автобусна линия обслужва вилните зони "Боровете", "Акациите" и "Касева чешма". 11-а автобусна линия е една от най-натоварените линии с интервал на движение от около 12 – 14 минути и свързва кварталите "Мальовица", "Дружба 2", "Мидия Енос" и Централна гара с Центъра, Окръжна болница, Русенски университет, Западна промишлена зона и Дунав мост. 12-а автобусна линия е също с интервал на движение 10 – 12 минути и свързва Централна жп гара с бул. Липник и всички придналежащи спирки към него, както и Западна промишлена зона и Дунав мост. 16-а автобусна линия свързва вилните зони в районите на "Петролна база", "Гара Долапите", "9-и километър" и "16-и километър" с основните артерии в града. 18-а автобусна линия е с най-дълъг маршрут и обслужва всички основни части на града. 19-а и 20-а автобусна линия свързват най-крайните и централните части на кварталите "Здравец" и "Родина" с централната част на града и Източна промишлена зона. 28-а автобусна линия е продължение на 27 тролейбусна линия, съответно до Дунав мост и кв. "Слатина" (Телеугояване). 30-а автобусна линия свързва Идеален Център (Хотел "Рига", Централни градски хали) с кварталите "Родина" и "Чародейка". 33-та автобусна линия е единствената връзка до кварталите "Образцов чифлик" и "ДЗС".

Маршрутни линии

Превозни средства

Стари превозни средства
През първите години на индустриализацията, в Русе се доставят съветски тролеи ZiU. Тролейбусите от швейцарските градове Базел, Берн и Винтертур бяха въведени в мрежата в края на 90-те години. Цялата наличност от превозни средства, главно от съветски и швейцарски тролейбуси, през 2008 и 2013г. по етапно бяха заменени с тролейбуси втора употреба от различни европейски страни.

Нови превозни средства

Външни препратки
 Актуални разписания

Източници

Русе
Транспорт в Русе

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Josée Dubois and Lisa H. Lowe
Hepatic neoplasms constitute approximately 2% of all childhood tumors and approximately 6% of pediatric abdominal neoplasms. Two thirds of liver tumors in children are malignant, and they represent the third most common intraabdominal malignancy in the pediatric age group after Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma. The most common hepatic malignant tumors in order of frequency are hepatoblastomas, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), undifferentiated embryonal sarcomas, angiosarcomas, and embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas.1 Benign hepatic tumors in pediatrics include tumors specific to children such as vascular tumors and mesenchymal hamartomas, as well as entities that also are seen in adults, such as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hepatocellular adenoma, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH).
A differential diagnosis of liver tumors can be obtained based on the age of the patient, laboratory findings such as serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and imaging characteristics (Table 92-1). However, the serum AFP level is normally elevated at birth (25,000-50,000 ng/mL) and does not reach adult levels (<25 ng/mL) until 6 months of age.2,3
Table 92-1
Summary for Differential Diagnosis of Liver Tumor
AFP, Alpha fetoprotein; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
Several imaging modalities are available to evaluate liver masses, including plain radiographs, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radionuclide scintigraphy. Plain radiographs have a limited role but may reveal the liver as the organ of origin and show calcifications or mass effect on neighboring structures. Sonography is the study of choice in the initial investigation of hepatomegaly and pediatric abdominal masses to confirm the organ of origin and characterize the lesion. Sonographic information helps identify a preliminary differential diagnosis and decide on the appropriate subsequent imaging modality and optimal protocol. Additional cross-sectional imaging with CT, MRI, nuclear scintigraphy, and, rarely, angiography may be required to fully characterize a hepatic lesion before a biopsy is performed and treatment is undertaken.
Malignant Hepatobiliary Tumors
Overview: Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary malignant liver tumor in infants and children. Sixty-eight percent of cases are seen in the first year of life, and 90% occur in patients younger than 5 years, with a male predominance of 2 : 1.3 Four percent of cases are congenital.1,3–6
Etiology: Predisposing conditions include Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, type 1A glycogen storage disease, Gardner syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, Wilms tumor, and trisomy 18. It also is reported in premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, and in infants born of mothers taking oral contraceptives. A strong association exists between low birth weight and hepatoblastoma, raising the issue of potential contribution by a variety of iatrogenic exposures in the neonatal intensive care unit.7
Clinical Presentation: Hepatoblastoma usually presents as a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant and may be confused with hepatomegaly. Nonspecific clinical symptoms include pain, weight loss, irritability, vomiting, and infrequently, jaundice and precocious puberty (related to the secretion of chorionic gonadotropins). Distant metastases are present in fewer than 10% of cases at diagnosis, with the lungs being the most common site, followed by the lymph nodes, bone, brain, eye, and ovary. Compression or invasion of the hepatic vasculature and inferior vena cava may occur. Serum AFP, which is markedly elevated in approximately 90% of patients with hepatoblastoma, can be used to monitor therapy and detect recurrence.
Hepatoblastoma is classified into two histologic types: the epithelial type, which represents the majority of these tumors, and the mixed epithelial mesenchymal type.1–3 Hepatoblastoma is usually solitary, but these tumors may be multifocal or, less commonly, diffusely infiltrating. Multifocal disease may consist of a dominant mass with satellite nodules or multiple small masses. When it is solitary, hepatoblastoma is most commonly located in the right hepatic lobe (60% of cases).8
Imaging: Plain radiographs may show hepatomegaly or a mass with or without calcifications. On sonography, hepatoblastomas are most often well-defined and hyperechoic relative to adjacent liver (Fig. 92-1 and e-Fig. 92-2). Epithelial-type hepatoblastomas are more homogeneous, whereas mixed tumors are more heterogeneous and often contain hyperechoic foci with acoustic shadowing indicating calcifications and hypoechoic or anechoic foci representing necrosis or hemorrhage.9–11 Intravascular tumor thrombus may be seen within the hepatic or portal veins. Flow within the thrombus on color Doppler imaging is useful to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic thrombus. Infiltrative hepatoblastomas show diffuse heterogeneous echogenicity, with loss of normal parenchymal architecture.9–11
Figure 92-1 Hepatoblastoma.
A, A longitudinal abdominal sonogram in a 3-year-old boy shows a well-defined lesion that is hyperechoic relative to the liver. B, A computed tomography (CT) scan in the early arterial postcontrast phase demonstrates a heterogeneous mass that is hyperdense compared with the liver. C, A CT scan in the delayed contrast phase shows a hypodense lesion. D, An axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image shows hyperintense nodules with intervening hypointense septa. E, An axial T1-weighted MR image after intravenous administration of gadolinium demonstrates enhancement of the septa and capsule.
e-Figure 92-2 Hepatoblastoma.
A, A sonogram of a 71-day-old girl with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome shows a hypoechoic lesion in segment IV-A of the liver. B, An enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan reveals marked enhancement of the lesion. C, Eight months after the first ultrasound, a transverse ultrasound image shows a large hypoechoic mass with a lobular margin. D, An enhanced CT scan shows a circumscribed heterogeneous lesion with lobular enhancement.
Unenhanced CT typically shows a well-circumscribed mass with decreased attenuation relative to the surrounding liver. Speckled or amorphous calcifications are seen in more than 50% of cases.9 On contrast-enhanced computed CT, the tumor enhances in a heterogeneous fashion and may be hyperdense compared with liver parenchyma in the early arterial postcontrast phase; it usually is isodense or hypodense on delayed images. Peripheral enhancement can be seen. CT angiography can help define vascular invasion when present and assess its potential to be resected.
On MRI, epithelial-type hepatoblastomas are homogeneously hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images relative to adjacent liver, and they enhance after intravenous (IV) administration of gadolinium contrast material.9 Mixed-type tumors show more heterogeneous signal intensity. However, areas of calcification, necrosis, hemorrhage, and septation may influence the signal intensity.9–11 Hemorrhage is most often hyperintense on T1-weighted images and bands of fibrosis or septation are hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted sequences.9 Vascular invasion is demonstrated with gradient-echo sequences; tumor thrombus appears as a high signal on T1-weighted images and as a signal void on gradient-echo images. On postgadolinium arterial and venous phase images, the tumor thrombus enhances and shows a filling defect, respectively. MR angiography is useful for preoperative evaluation of the relationship of the tumor to the hepatic vasculature.
Hepatic scintigraphy currently is not performed in persons with a hepatoblastoma but may demonstrate increased activity on the initial angiographic phase as a result of tumor vascularity and photopenia on the delayed images. Rarely, increased uptake of the radiopharmaceutical agent may be seen on delayed images, which is a finding more typical of focal nodular hyperplasia. Currently, catheter angiography is rarely performed and usually shows tumor hypervascularity except in avascular areas of necrosis.9–11
Treatment: The treatment for hepatoblastoma is surgical resection. However, in about 40% to 60% of cases, the tumor cannot be resected at diagnosis.12 Initial treatment with chemotherapy permits up to 85% of these tumors to become resectable.3 The overall survival rate is reported to be 65% to 70%. 1,9–11 Imaging is crucial for assessment of the surgical resectability of hepatoblastomas at presentation and after the patient undergoes chemotherapy. Disseminated tumors have been treated successfully with chemotherapy and multiple resections of metastases. Radiofrequency ablation may be a promising treatment for recurrence.13 Liver transplantation can be useful in lesions that are considered unresectable; the presence of pulmonary metastases is not considered an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation because of their sensitivity to chemotherapy.9 Poor prognostic factors include AFP levels less than 100 ng/mL or more than 1,000,000 ng/mL, vascular invasion, and aneuploid nuclear content. Factors associated with favorable prognosis include single lobe involvement, pure fetal histologic composition, and AFP levels between 100 and 1,000,000 ng/mL.9
Overview: HCC, the second most common liver tumor in children after hepatoblastoma, accounts for 35% of primary pediatric hepatic malignancies.14 It affects two age peaks in childhood: 4 to 5 years and (more commonly) 12 to 14 years. HCCs, like hepatoblastoma, occur more often in the right than in the left lobe of the liver and demonstrate a high propensity for vascular invasion, which is seen in approximately 75% of cases. Neoplastic cells vary from very well-differentiated to poorly differentiated. The most helpful histologic feature in distinguishing HCC from metastases is the presence of bile canaliculi or bile pigment.1 Kupffer cells also may be present.9
Etiology: In nonendemic areas of the world, approximately half of HCCs arise in patients with underlying liver disease. Predisposing conditions include entities leading to cirrhosis, such as biliary atresia, infantile cholestasis, Alagille syndrome, hemochromatosis, hereditary tyrosinemia, glycogen storage disorder, α1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, galactosemia, and viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C).
Clinical Presentation: The clinical symptoms and presentation are similar to those of hepatoblastoma, in that patients often present with an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, fever, and cachexia. The serum AFP level is markedly elevated in 70% of patients.14,15
Imaging: HCCs have three main growth patterns: solitary, multifocal, and diffuse/infiltrative.9 The ultrasound findings of HCC are variable. With respect to liver parenchyma, smaller lesions may be isoechoic or hyperechoic, although most tend to be hypoechoic9,10; larger lesions are heterogeneous. Internal areas of increased echogenicity may represent acute hemorrhage, fat, or calcifications (which is less common than in hepatoblastoma), whereas areas of decreased echogenicity may represent necrosis. If a capsule is present, it may be detected as a thin halo of decreased echogenicity. Doppler demonstrates high-velocity arterial flow and is useful for identifying vascular invasion by showing blood flow within the substance of tumoral thrombus.9
On unenhanced CT, an HCC appears as a solitary mass or as multiple well-defined or poorly defined, hypointense to isodense masses.10 The tumor shows variable enhancement after IV administration of contrast material and may contain low-attenuation regions of necrosis. The tumor capsule may also show a rim of low attenuation on unenhanced images that enhances on the delayed phase after injection of contrast material (Fig. 92-3).9 Vascular tumor thrombi may be seen as intraluminal filling defects with a surrounding meniscus of contrast and can be better evaluated with angiographic sequences. When the tumor arises in a cirrhotic liver, differentiation from regenerating nodules may be difficult.
Figure 92-3 Hepatocellular carcinoma in a 14-year-old girl without underlying liver disease.
A, An abdominal sonogram shows a heterogeneous hepatic lesion. B, An unenhanced computed tomography scan demonstrates the liver mass, with slightly decreased attenuation compared with adjacent normal liver parenchyma. Postcontrast arterial (C) and venous phase (D) images show enhancement during the arterial phase, which decreases during the venous phase. After administration of contrast material, the tumor margins are more conspicuous.
With MRI, the tumor typically is slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images and hypointense on T1-weighted images, although the latter presentation tends to be more variable; hyperintense areas of fat or hemorrhage may be seen on T1-weighted images. If a fibrous pseudocapsule is present, MRI shows low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences.16 After administration of gadolinium, in the early arterial phase, the lesion demonstrates enhancement and washes out with relatively low signal intensity during the portal venous phase. Vascular invasion appears as lack of a signal on spin-echo images and as an intravascular arterial enhancing mass with a delayed filling defect on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images.17
Nuclear scintigraphy is rarely performed in patients with HCC and usually shows decreased uptake. Gallium scans, however, are characteristic and may help distinguish HCC, which is gallium-avid, from regenerating nodules, which are not gallium-avid. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is useful in evaluating the degree of tumor differentiation. FDG uptake is variable in HCCs; uptake may be normal in well-differentiated tumors, with markedly elevated uptake usually seen in poorly differentiated tumors. FDG-PET may be useful in the staging of HCC or in distinguishing regenerating nodules in cirrhotic livers from HCC. Combining FDG-PET and gallium scintigraphy can be worthwhile when grading tumors.18 For example, low-grade tumors typically show normal uptake on PET and increased uptake on gallium scans. However, gallium uptake also is seen in other processes, such as metastatic disease (lymphoma) and hepatic adenoma.
Treatment: The treatment for HCC is complete surgical resection when possible, but approximately two thirds of children present with unresectable tumors as a result of multifocal or massive involvement of the liver, major vascular involvement, or metastases. HCC is relatively insensitive to systemic chemotherapy.19 The impact of chemotherapy is unclear, with no evidence that it offers additional benefit in children with resectable localized HCC. Liver transplantation has been reported for an unresectable tumor but remains controversial.14 Radiofrequency ablation and intraarterial chemotherapy have been reported, but the benefits require further investigation.20,21 The prognosis is variable and is directly related to the resectability and histology of the lesion. In tumors with favorable histology and complete resection, the 2-year survival rate may exceed 97%. However, without complete resection and with unfavorable histology, the 2-year survival rate may be less than 20%.14 In places where the prevalence of tyrosinemia is especially high, routine neonatal screening and immediate treatment of positive cases by 2-(2-nitro-4-3 trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) have resulted in marked decrease in the prevalence of HCC in this population.22 In Quebec, where the prevalence of tyrosinemia is especially high, routine neonatal screening and immediate treatment of positive cases with NTBC have resulted in 100% prevention of subsequent HCC to date in patients treated at birth. However, patients with delayed diagnosis who are treated with NTBC are at risk of having HCC develop.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
Overview: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a variant of HCC that occurs in patients without underlying hepatic disease. It has distinctive clinical and pathologic features and represents approximately 5% to 8% of all cases of HCC. FLC tends to occur in younger patients, with a peak in the late teens; approximately 85% of patients with FLC are younger than 35 years, and it may be diagnosed in children as young as 10 years. The incidence is similar in males and females.23
Etiology: The etiology of FLC is unknown. It has been reported in association with syndromes, including Wilms, Carney, Fanconi anemia, and familial adenomatous polyposis; these associations have been implicated in shared molecular pathways. FLC also has been associated with FNH, but currently evidence does not support such an association.23
Clinical Presentation: Clinically, patients present with abdominal symptoms or pain and sometimes a palpable mass. Uncommon presentations are gynecomastia, jaundice, and venous compression or thrombosis.9 Metastatic lymphadenopathy is seen in 70% of cases.24 AFP levels generally are normal.16 In 80% to 90% of patients, the gross pathological appearance is one of a large, circumscribed, and nonencapsulated mass.16 Other patterns can be seen, including satellite lesions, multiple diffuse masses, or a bilobed mass. Fibrous tissue within a central scar is common (appearing in 30% of cases) and typically does not enhance after administration of contrast material. Calcifications are seen in 35% to 55% of tumors and are localized in the central scar.16
Imaging: Plain radiographs may demonstrate hepatomegaly or calcifications. Ultrasound shows a well-defined mass with heterogeneous echo texture and isoechoic or hyperechoic areas.25 If it is present, the central scar appears hyperechoic and may contain shadowing hyperechoic calcifications.
CT shows a hypoattenuating, well-defined, lobulated mass with calcifications in 30% to 55% of cases and a central scar in 45% to 60% of cases (Fig. 92-4). Adjacent lymphadenopathy often is present in the hepatic hilum at diagnosis. After IV injection of contrast material, in the early arterial phase, the tumor is hyperattenuating relative to the adjacent liver with variable attenuation during the portal venous phase. The central scar is hypoattenuating with little or no enhancement on CT.
Figure 92-4 Fibrolamellar carcinoma in an 18-year-old girl.
Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows a lobulated mass (arrows) in the left lobe of the liver with a hypoattenuating central scar.
On T1-weighted MRI, the tumor is hypointense (86%) to isointense (14%), and it is slightly hyperintense (85%) to isointense (15%) on T2-weighted images. The fibrous scar is hypointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images, and it does usually not enhance after IV administration of contrast material.9,11,15,25,26 These features are useful in distinguishing FLC from FNH, in which the central scar has increased signal on T2-weighted sequences and enhances with IV administration of contrast material.
Treatment: The primary treatment of FLC is surgical resection, with surgical resectability considered to be the most important prognostic factor.25 However, when the tumor is not resectable, orthotopic liver transplantation, systemic chemotherapy, or hepatic intraarterial chemoembolization is considered. Recent literature reports no significant difference in the prognosis of FLC compared with HCC in patients without underlying hepatic disease.23,24 Normal hepatic function, younger age, absence of vascular invasion or thrombosis, lack of lymphadenopathy, and negative surgical margins are favorable prognostic indicators. The 5-year survival rate ranges from 30% to 67%.20,21,23,24
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma
Overview: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, previously called malignant mesenchymoma, embryonal sarcoma, or fibromyxosarcoma, is a rare, aggressive tumor of mesenchymal origin. Most commonly, the tumor affects children around 6 to 10 years of age with a slight male predominance.27 In one review, this was the third most common malignant pediatric liver tumor, following hepatoblastoma and HCC.28
Etiology: The etiology of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma is uncertain. It has been linked to mesenchymal hamartoma as its malignant counterpart,3,15 and some tumors have been reported to arise in a background of mesenchymal hamartoma.29 On histology, an undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma shows primitive spindle-shaped, sarcomatous satellite cells closely packed in sheets or whorls and scattered throughout a background of loose myxoid tissue, which contains foci of hematopoiesis in 50% of cases.27
Clinical Presentation: The most common presenting symptoms include an abdominal mass, pain, and discomfort. An undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma usually is large at presentation, is solitary, involves the right lobe of the liver (in 75% of cases), and is predominantly solid with occasional cystic, necrotic, or hemorrhagic areas.27 AFP levels are normal.15
Imaging: Plain radiographs show a large, typically noncalcified mass. On sonography, the tumor is solid and isoechoic to hyperechoic relative to normal liver with small anechoic spaces that correspond to necrosis, hemorrhage, or cystic degeneration.27,30
On CT, the tumor reveals predominantly water attenuation correlating with myxoid stroma (88% of tumor volume) (e-Fig. 92-5).9,27 After administration of IV contrast material, a dense enhancing peripheral rim can be seen in relation to the pseudocapsule. Uncommon hyperattenuation regions may indicate hemorrhage and calcifications.
e-Figure 92-5 Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in a 9-year-old girl.
A postcontrast computed tomography image shows a large, well-defined, heterogeneously enhancing but low-attenuation mass in the right hepatic lobe. (Courtesy Robert P Guillerman, MD.)
With MRI, the tumor shows low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences (Fig. 92-6). A hypointense rim on T1- and T2-weighted images indicates a pseudocapsule. Bright areas on T1-weighted images correspond to regions of hemorrhage. Fluid levels, internal debris, and septa may be seen on T2-weighted images.27,30 Heterogeneous enhancement of the tumor is seen after IV administration of gadolinium contrast material.31 MRI permits excellent evaluation of tumor resectability, vascular invasion, and involvement of adjacent lymph nodes. Metastases usually are to the lungs and bone.
Figure 92-6 Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in a 13-year-old girl.
A coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance image shows a multiloculated mass of heterogeneous but predominantly high signal intensity in the right lobe of the liver. (Courtesy Lynn Fordham, MD.)
Treatment: Treatment consists of complete tumor resection. As late as three decades ago, the prognosis was poor, with death occurring within 12 months in many cases.28 However, more recent reports of multimodal treatment show markedly improved survival rates. Patients with unresectable tumors that are not responsive to chemotherapy can be treated with liver transplantation.9
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Biliary Tree
Overview: Although rhabdomyosarcoma can be found throughout the body, involvement of the biliary ducts is one of the rarest forms of this mesenchymal tumor. It occurs almost exclusively in the pediatric age group and often in children younger than 5 years (in 75% of cases).9
Etiology: The tumor arises from the biliary tree beneath the biliary epithelium, with which the tumor is invested,32 and grows as a polypoid mass within the biliary tree. Only the embryonal subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma arises in the biliary tree.9 The tumor most commonly involves major extrahepatic bile ducts but can arise within the intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and cystic duct. Histologically, rhabdomyosarcoma demonstrates undifferentiated blue cells with scant cytoplasm and primitive nuclei that form a firm, lobulated mass with infiltrative margins and a well-defined pseudocapsule.6,9,12,33
Clinical Presentation: Jaundice, the most frequent manifestation, can be associated with abdominal distention, pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever. Elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase with normal levels of AFP are typical of the laboratory workup. At diagnosis, metastases are present in 30% of cases9 and typically appear in the lung, appendicular skeleton, skull, and pericardium, although the tumor has a greater propensity to invade contiguous structures.32 The clinical presentation may resemble that of hepatitis, which may lead to delay in obtaining diagnostic tests.34
Imaging: Multiplanar imaging demonstrates a mass within the biliary ducts. The tumor most frequently involves the common bile duct, in or near the porta hepatis. In large lesions, necrosis can be seen. Ultrasound may reveal a solitary, heterogeneous, relatively hypoechoic mass or multiple hypoechoic nodules associated with biliary duct dilation and intraductal extension.9,35 Portal vein displacement without thrombosis is common.35 CT shows a homogeneous or heterogeneous hypoattenuating or hyperattenuating intraductal mass with variable contrast enhancement associated with biliary dilatation (Fig. 92-7).35,36 MRI usually shows low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences and high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences, with intense, heterogeneous enhancement after IV administration of contrast material.9,35 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography often demonstrates a partially cystic lesion in the common bile duct and a mass adjacent to the duct causing mural irregularity. Percutaneous cholangiography displays an intraluminal polypoid mass.35–37 Gallium uptake can help localize metastatic disease.35
Disorders of Sex Differentiation
Arthritis and Differential Inflammatory Joint Disorders
Pediatric Brain Neoplasms
Parenchymal Liver Disease
Liver Transplantation in Children
Spinal Tumor and Tumorlike Conditions
Infectious Causes of Liver Disease
Tags: Caffeys Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging
Dec 20, 2015 | Posted by admin in PEDIATRIC IMAGING | Comments Off on Neoplasia


Forum Index » Suggestion » Internal server error.
is it me or is the server stuffed up? I've been getting internal server error lately. I also notice loading the forum take a fair bit of time than usual.
Our server is currently on VPS and there's a limit on memory and CPU load. I've been trying to minimize the hosting cost by lowering the memory and CPU limit to just about enough for 90% of the uptime. There's always memory and load spikes due to various factors and I would manually up the memory limit when it happens providing I have access to the server panel (I won't be when I'm at work). When memory spike happens, user will see those internal server errors. CPU load is usually fine but when spike happens, the load time will be long, but the page will most likely still load and you probably won't get any internal server errors. I've been doing various measures to lower the probability of memory and CPU spikes, such as banning bad IPs that keep hammering our server, most of these are search spiders.
Unfortunately, the affiliate program for YesAsia and CDJapan hasn't been doing too well especially since YesAsia switched to 3rd party tracking system. As for CDJapan, we are only getting 0 to 3 sales per month (with only 5% commission), which is quite bad IMO. This has effectively lowered our budget for hosting each month. If the program is doing better we could afford a higher budget for the server, which means higher memory limit and as a result, a more stable service for everyone.
very sad, this is the first time i visit this thread... just only due to no any latest news and download bout ai in upper section.
even though some term are not recognize by me such as spider search,VPS and CPU spike.
Please contact the server administrator, webmaster@channel-ai.com and inform them of the time the error occurred, and anything you might have done that may have caused the error.
This is the error message I've been getting for a while now, thought it was my internet, but I don't think so now. It only happens after midnight EST, I can log in, but that's about it, earlier hit the SUBMIT POST button, this came up, lost a long response. Have no problems getting into any other sites after midnight or this site during the day, don't know if anyone else has had this problem. Thanks for listening, it's only been in last month since this problem arose, hopefully it'll go away!
I get that too, but read eyn's post (the second post) it explains why that is.


Scoring well on a standardized test like IELTS isn't easy. Of course, it is possible, but you will have to put in a lot of hard work. Here are some tips to raise your score.
Yes that is absolutely necessary. Before you start preparing for the exam, make an honest appraisal of your strengths and weaknesses. Attempt a mock test. It will give you a general idea about what the test demands and where you stand.
Work on your weaknesses. Take practice tests regularly. If you find a section particularly hard to score, work on it. Ask an IELTS trainer or someone who has already taken the test to give you guidance. Don't ignore the sections where you already score well. You need to prepare for them as well.
Give clear and concise answers to the questions on the speaking test. Don't speak too fast or too slow. Remember that good English is spoken at the same overall pace. Practice answering questions that are regularly asked. On the speaking test you will usually be asked some general questions about yourself.
On the writing test, try to give well-structured answers. Never write less than the specified number of words. It will lower your score. Read the topic carefully before you start writing.
Familiarize yourself with the various accents with which English is spoken. Pay particular attention to the British accent – that is what you are more likely to hear on the IELTS listening test. Read the instructions carefully.


The student union council at Cambridge has blocked a simple motion to honour British war dead and present-day veterans on the 100th Anniversary of the end of the First World War on 11th November.
Student unions don't represent a majority of students of course, but they do get attention. Thus the Times of October 11th reported a rival motion as saying it was "vital that we recognise all different backgrounds and don't just focus on British war veterans".
The movers of this motion clearly have no understanding of language – the ceremonies on or around November 11th honour the 1.5 million of all backgrounds from Britain and across the Empire who made the ultimate sacrifice. If the students just stepped for a few minutes into their own college chapels, they would see the names of their predecessor students who are included in this horrific total of dead young men.
Why don't they do this and reflect on it?
The reason lies in the world "background" in their rival motion. In current 'official speak', "background" means "race". Sometimes it's called "ethnic background". Nothing in the official mind can now be done officially if it is not "inclusive" of all so-called ethnicities currently resident in Britain.
Students take on this officialese and extend its application to all students of colour (as they term themselves), many of whom are recently arrived in Britain to study, but who have no other connection with Britain.
This is a solemn British commemoration of the two most important events of the twentieth century – the First and Second World Wars – and the huge part which the British Empire played in them. As in Britain, so in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, its universal symbol, the poppy, is worn on and around November 11th.
Few families in Britain were untouched by the two wars. Their great-grand-children, grand-children and (from the Second World War) children, make up the vast majority of the native British people. Clearly this doesn't include – by definition – post-Second World War immigrants and their children, but those of whom are, or wish to become, British citizens should, as many do, honour the sacrifice of the people of this ancient land, among whom they are privileged to live.
Those temporary residents and visitors who do not share allegiance to our Crown, should not take part in discussions and demonstrations organised by regrettably misguided, ignorant, British youth. It is simply not their business.
This entry was posted on Thursday, October 11th, 2018 by Stephen Bush at 3:15 pm	and is filed under Disregard for British people, Education, Nonsense. Please comment from your own experience or observations, or trackback from your own site. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


text:
Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Habilian Association, August 15 2021:… The "Heshmat Alavi" persona had a strong presence on Twitter and harassed Iranian journalists, academics, and activists who are critical of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq organisation, a one-time armed guerilla group now holed up in Albania. There is no known link between the Iran Disinfo programme and the fake persona. At least one was cited by the Trump administration as proof against the effectiveness of the Obama-era nuclear deal. Some of the MEK articles were also picked up by US government funded Voice of America's Persian-language service. Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
https://iran-interlink.org/wordpress/mujahedin-e-khalq-mek-troll-accounts-facebook/
Facebook Removes Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts (FB Detailed Report)
Associated Press, April 07 2021:… The accounts posted content critical of Iran's government and supportive of Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, a dissident group known as MEK. In many cases, the Facebook and Instagram accounts used fake profile names and photos. In some cases, the fake accounts used photos of Iranian celebrities or deceased dissidents. A small number of the more recent Instagram accounts appear to have used profile pictures that were computer generated. Facebook Removes Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts
Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics
Facebook Removes Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts
Facebook removes accounts tied to Iranian exile group
Link to the detailed report by Facebook (PDF)
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Facebook said Tuesday it has removed hundreds of fake accounts linked to an Iranian exile group and a troll farm in Albania.
The accounts posted content critical of Iran's government and supportive of Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, a dissident group known as MEK. In many cases, the Facebook and Instagram accounts used fake profile names and photos.
Facebook determined the accounts were being run from a single location in Albania by a group of individuals working on behalf of MEK. Facebook found other telltale clues suggesting a so-called troll farm, in which workers are often paid to post content, including misinformation, to social media. Facebook says it removes such accounts based on how they behave, not on the material they post.
For one, researchers found that the activity seemed to follow the central European workday, with posts picking up after 9 a.m., slowing down at the end of the day, and with a noticeable pause at lunch time. Facebook, however, said it did not find evidence of people being paid.
"Even trolls need to eat," said Ben Nimmo, who works on Facebook's global threat intelligence investigations, on a conference call with reporters Tuesday.
The National Council for Resistance in Iran, an umbrella group that includes MEK, said in a statement that that no accounts affiliated with it or MEK have been removed. The group also denied the existence of an Albanian troll farm affiliated with MEK.
MEK is a leading group opposing the Iranian government. It killed Americans before the 1979 Islamic Revolution and was labeled as a terrorist organization by the State Department until 2012. Nevertheless, U.S. politicians from both parties including Rudy Giuliani and Newt Gingrich have given paid speeches to MEK in the past.
The network of fake accounts was most active in 2017 and again in late 2020, Facebook said. In all, more than 300 accounts, pages and groups on Facebook and Instagram were removed as part of the company's action. Around 112,000 people followed one or more of the Instagram accounts.
In some cases, the fake accounts used photos of Iranian celebrities or deceased dissidents. A small number of the more recent Instagram accounts appear to have used profile pictures that were computer generated.
https://iran-interlink.org/wordpress/trump-campaign-uses-mujahedin-e-khalq-troll-farm-in-albania/
Trump Campaign Uses Mujahedin-e-Khalq ( MEK ) Troll Farm In Albania
Massoud Khodabandeh, Iran Interlink, October 28 2020:… leading up to the U.S. Presidential election, Iranian-American journalists and other commentators and campaigners are suffering an onslaught of online attacks. Some of these relentless Tweets include death threats. Targeting critics of Trump and his legacy like Jamal Abdi (Head of National Iranian American Council), Negar Mortazavi (prominent Journalist for The Independent and other outlets) and Dr Asal Rad (Historian). The attacks emanate from the MEK's troll farm in Albania. The MEK's Heshmat Alavi account is still being used in spite of it being exposed as a fake account last year by Murteza Hussain in The Intercept. Trump Campaign Uses Mujahedin-e-Khalq ( MEK ) Troll Farm In Albania .
Trump clearly has no intention of defeating terrorism.
Trump Campaign Uses Mujahedin-e-Khalq Troll Farm In Albania
In the final days leading up to the U.S. Presidential election, Iranian-American journalists and other commentators and campaigners are suffering an onslaught of online attacks. Some of these relentless Tweets include death threats. Targeting critics of Trump and his legacy like Jamal Abdi (Head of National Iranian American Council), Negar Mortazavi (prominent Journalist for The Independent and other outlets) and Dr Asal Rad (Historian).
Iranian dissident Mehdi Amin is identified as victim of homicide in Toronto. He was found dead inside his home Wednesday afternoon. @CBCNews pic.twitter.com/lDJOrVX2xe
— Negar Mortazavi (@NegarMortazavi) October 23, 2020
On one occasion even Richard Grenell, who has recently been politely expelled from Germany (they really couldn't stand his regular racist comments and unacceptable interference in European affairs), now the guy who runs the Trump2020 campaign, has retweeted one of these tweets.
Here @RichardGrenell retweets an account previously exposed as a false persona created by the MEK cult falsely accusing a group of Iranian Americans of being Iranian lobbyists. https://t.co/otjbKxdgQQ pic.twitter.com/APm3MqHIef
— Dan Friedman (@dfriedman33) October 27, 2020
The attacks emanate from the MEK's troll farm in Albania. The MEK's Heshmat Alavi account is still being used in spite of it being exposed as a fake account last year by Murteza Hussain in The Intercept.
A Trump campaign official is smearing Iranian Americans w/racist dual loyalty charges & amplifying a fake Twitter persona run from an Albanian troll farm by the MEK terrorist group. Oh & this guy was allowed to run US intelligence for a month. 7 DAYS UNTIL WE END THIS NIGHTMARE. pic.twitter.com/HbiOb9cYHi
— Jamal Abdi (@jabdi) October 27, 2020
Revealingly, the Trump campaign has joined in with these attacks, amplifying the threats, harassment and lies through Re-Tweets and Shares on social media.
It is common knowledge that Saudi Arabia's Sheikh Mohammad Bin Salman (MBS) is seriously worried about the departure of Trump, opening the prospect of investigations into the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, ordered by him and carried out in the Saudi Embassy in Turkey. The Mojahedin-e-Khalq for their part are both worried about the future of their new benefactor (Saudi's Mokhaberat after the fall of Saddam), and worried about their own future as pressure on Albania to give them free rein there may be lifted and the members would be subjected to the plan of deradicalization and integration as was planned by the Obama administration. This will place Maryam Rajavi in a particularly difficult position since she was deported from France and has been confined in Albania without the possibility of being granted a visa from any western countries.
(Iraq shelters terrorist groups including the Mujahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MKO), which has used terrorist violence against Iran and in the 1970s was responsible for killing several U.S. military personnel and U.S. civilians)
The MEK's dirty past includes the anti-Imperialist inspired murder of six Americans in pre-revolution Iran which it later celebrated in songs and publications
https://iran-interlink.org/wordpress/heshmat-alavi-gate-trump-and-mek/
" Heshmat Alavi Gate " , Trump and MEK
Negar Mortazavi and Borzou Daragahi , Independent, June 11 2019:…The "Heshmat Alavi" persona had a strong presence on Twitter and harassed Iranian journalists, academics, and activists who are critical of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq organisation, a one-time armed guerilla group now holed up in Albania. There is no known link between the Iran Disinfo programme and the fake persona. At least one was cited by the Trump administration as proof against the effectiveness of the Obama-era nuclear deal. Some of the MEK articles were also picked up by US government funded Voice of America's Persian-language service. Heshmat Alavi Gate
MEK Cult Operatives Undermining American Democracy
Outrage on Capitol Hill over 'completely unacceptable' US-funded scheme to shape Iran debate
'This is something that happens in authoritarian regimes, not democracies'
United States officials say they are outraged by a government-funded troll campaign that has targeted American citizens critical of the administration's hardline Iran policy and accused critics of being loyal to the Tehran regime.
State Department officials admitted to Congressional staff in a closed-door meeting on Monday that a project they had funded to counter Iranian propaganda had gone off the rails. Critics in Washington have gone further, saying that the programme resembled the type of troll farms used by autocratic regimes abroad.
"It's completely unacceptable that American taxpayer dollars supported a project that attacked Americans and others who are critical of the Trump administration's policy of escalation and conflict with Iran," a senior Congressional aide told The Independent, on condition of anonymity.
"This is something that happens in authoritarian regimes, not democracies."
One woman behind the harassment campaign, a longtime Iranian-American activist, has received hundreds of thousands of dollars from the State Department over the years to promote "freedom of expression and free access to information."
The campaign relentlessly attacked critics of the Iran policy on social media, including Twitter and Telegram messaging app, accusing them without evidence of being paid operatives of the regime in Tehran.
A spokeswoman for the State Department told reporters on Monday that funding for the "Iran Disinformation Project" had been suspended and is under review after it was reported that it went beyond the scope of its mandate by veering from countering propaganda from Iran to smearing domestic critics of White House policy.
State Department officials disclosed to lawmakers they had granted $1.5 for Iran Disinfo, which repeatedly targeted, harassed and smeared critics of Trump's tough stance against Iran on social media.
Among those targeted were American activists, scholars, and journalists who challenged the Trump administration's "maximum pressure campaign" against Iran.
The revelation that US taxpayer money was being used to attack administration critics has now sparked a flurry of queries.
"There are still so many unanswered questions here," Congresswoman Ilhan Omar wrote on Twitter. "What rules are in place to prevent state-funded organisation from smearing American citizens? If there wasn't public outcry, would the Administration have suspended funding for Iran Disinfo?"
Cold War-era US rules barring the use of government-funded propaganda against American citizens have been flouted for decades.
Congresswoman Barbara Lee accused the State Department of giving taxpayer money to operatives "accused of intimidating and harassing U.S. human rights activists, journalists, and academics who've criticized their hawkish policies on Iran."
She added: "This is unacceptable and we will not stand for it."
State Department officials speaking at the closed-door meeting admitted the project was out of bounds, according to Congressional staffers speaking to The Independent on condition of anonymity.
Both Democratic and Republican Congressional staffers were highly critical of the project and questioned whether US officials should continue to work with the contractor, E-Collaborative for Civic Education. The State Department spokeswoman declined to outline steps to prevent such an operation in the future.
Some have said the harassment campaign resembles those launched by the Iranian regime against its critics, as well as clandestine troll farms run by Russia, Saudi Arabia, and other autocracies in attempts to shape online debate and intimidate critics.
In a twist, Iran Disinfo has even attacked journalists deemed insufficiently supportive of the Trump administration's policies at US-funded news outlets including Voice of America, Radio Farda, and RFE/RL.
The harassment campaign is one aspect of an Iran policy that critics have warned was overly politicised, incoherent and risky.
Defying American allies, the United Nations Security Council, and the advice of his own intelligence mandarins, Mr Trump voided the 2015 Iran nuclear deal last year and launched an unprecedented campaign of sanctions and threats against Tehran, vowing to pressure the country into cutting a "better deal" than the one it forged with his predecessor, Barack Obama.
Seeking evidence that its policies were working and popular, the administration has relied an unconventional information sources, often citing obscure right-wing news outlets and think tanks.
E-Collaborative for Civic Education, co-founded by Iranian American activist Mariam Memarsadeghi, is a long-time State Department contractor.
It purports to promote democratic political life and empower civil society inside Iran, but it appears to have no presence inside the country and instead confines itself to engaging with Iranians in the Diaspora.
Congressional officials also confirmed to The Independent that one individual working for the Foundation for Defence of Democracies, an influential Washington organisation with hawkish views on Iran, is part of the E-Collaborative for Civic Education's Iran Disinformation Project.
One Congressional staffer said he expected the State Department would examine "the extent of coordination" between Iran Disinfo project and "pro-war think tanks like the Foundation for Defence of Democracies."
Over the weekend, The Intercept revealed that a purported Iranian activist, who had published dozens of articles on Iran in prominent outlets such as Forbes and The Hill, does not exist and is a fake persona run by a team of operatives connected to a bizarre Iranian political cult.
The "Heshmat Alavi" persona had a strong presence on Twitter and harassed Iranian journalists, academics, and activists who are critical of the Mujahedin-e-Khalq organisation, a one-time armed guerilla group now holed up in Albania. There is no known link between the Iran Disinfo programme and the fake persona.
At least one was cited by the Trump administration as proof against the effectiveness of the Obama-era nuclear deal. Some of the MEK articles were also picked up by US government funded Voice of America's Persian-language service.
Both the Alavi account and the US-funded account frequently accused Iranian Americans sceptical about the Trump administration of being dupes of the Tehran regime.
"It's an outrage that the Trump Administration was funnelling taxpayer dollars to a smear campaign accusing US citizens of dual loyalty to a foreign regime," Dylan Williams, vice president of the left-leaning Jewish-American organisation J Street, told The Independent.
"Decent people wouldn't tolerate such state-sponsored defamation if the target was Jewish Americans and we shouldn't when the target is Iranian-Americans."
White House MEK Trolls and the Iran Case
Remember: MEK was an American excuse to invade Iraq
https://iran-interlink.org/wordpress/mek-impunity-undermining-democracy-in-america/
MEK Impunity Undermining Democracy
Massoud Khodabandeh, Lobe Log, June 18 2019:… This is the tip of the iceberg. MEK interference in the internal affairs of America goes well beyond online attacks on Iran. In 2016, the Organization of Iranian American Communities in the US—a front for the MEK—announced a "General Elections Mobilization Effort," publicly urging its members to "fulfill their civic duty through active engagement in the 2016 general elections to help inform candidates of our communities' policy priorities." MEK Impunity Undermining America's Democracy .
Bolton's Plans For A False Flag Op Involving MEK Are Already Underway
MEK Impunity Undermining Democracy in America
by Massoud Khodabandeh
Even before its inception, the Trump administration was accused of foreign interference and repeated counter allegations that such charges are fake news. Now, even as House Democrats are squeezing whatever advantage they can from the Mueller investigation into Russian influence, a fresh allegation of foreign interference has emerged.
An investigation by The Intercept revealed that the White House used an article written by "Heshmat Alavi" to justify President Trump's withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal in 2018. After probing the propaganda element in Alavi's other articles, former members of the Iranian Mojahedin-e Khalq (MEK) have confirmed that the group is linked to the article. According to one such former member, Hassan Heyrani, "Heshmat Alavi is a persona run by a team of people from the political wing of the MEK. This is not and has never been a real person."
Heyrani said the fake persona has been managed by a team of MEK operatives in Albania, where the group has one of its bases, and is used to spread its message online. Heyrani's account is echoed by Sara Zahiri, a Farsi-language researcher who focuses on the MEK. Zahiri, who has sources among Iranian government cybersecurity officials, said that Alavi is known inside Iran to be a "group account" run by a team of MEK members and that Alavi himself does not exist.
This new scandal—Heshmatgate—involves a wide political and media class that has become so besotted with an unrealistic anti-Iran agenda that it has left the door open to an unchecked, unverified flow of MEK propaganda throughout American politics and the media. Thanks to these regime-change advocates, a foreign group funded by a foreign government has easily manufactured a false narrative aimed at sending American soldiers to die in a war with Iran that is against U.S. national interests.
The MEK's target audience is not Iran or Iranians. It barely services its Farsi language outlets. The MEK is almost universally hated by Iranians everywhere and has no credibility among them.
After 2003, the MEK's military strategy in Iraq under benefactor Saddam Hussein gave way to an intelligence-based strategy under the patronage of Prince Turki Al Faisal, the former intelligence chief of Saudi Arabia. The MEK is now based in Albania where, under more favourable conditions facilitated by the Trump administration, it has been allowed to build and equip a troll farm using the infamous slave labour of its hapless members. Its aim is to influence people in the English-speaking world through online activity.
The Intercept revealed just one case of MEK's deceptive anti-Iran work. But this is the tip of the iceberg. MEK interference in the internal affairs of America goes well beyond online attacks on Iran. In 2016, the Organization of Iranian American Communities in the US—a front for the MEK—announced a "General Elections Mobilization Effort," publicly urging its members to "fulfill their civic duty through active engagement in the 2016 general elections to help inform candidates of our communities' policy priorities."
In America, warmongers and regime change pundits, John Bolton and Rudi Giuliani in particular, openly support the MEK. The MEK exploits this impunity to the full. Critics of the MEK are subjected to character assassination and defamation campaigns. Journalist Jason Rezaian writes, "These efforts actively sought to undermine our credibility about the best approach to deal with Iran and resorted to personal attacks in order to do so."
This revelation comes at the tail end of another scandal, the Iran Disinformation Project.This project, funded by the State Department, was ostensibly launched to expose and counter Iranian government propaganda. It paid for social media accounts to smear and discredit Iranian-American human rights activists, academics and journalists who criticize the Trump administration's hard-line policies on Iran.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo must answer for the actions of the State Department, but who is behind the MEK and the mysterious Heshmat Alavi? How much influence does the MEK wield in Washington? And on whose behalf?
The formula for MEK activity is "the MEK and somebody's money." This explains how, back in 2014 just before the European Parliament elections, "somebody's" money was used to fund the campaign of an Islamophobic far-right party called Vox. Investigations into electoral misconduct revealed that "at least 971,890 euros" was gifted through thousands of contributions ranging from 200 to 5,000 euros from individual MEK members and supporters. The money did not originate with the MEK, but the money laundering was facilitated through the organization by Vox co-founder Alejo Vidal-Quadras, a long-term MEK advocate while he was vice-president of the European Parliament.
In Albania, enjoying the freedom granted by such money and impunity, the MEK is playing out in microcosm what it does in North America and Western Europe. After the MEK arrived in Albania, local journalists were disturbed by its bizarre behavior and filed reports on this activity. In response, the MEK used bribery and corruption to buy publishers and a broadcaster there. They use intimidation tactics to silence journalists. One journalist confessed to me he felt afraid in his own country when the MEK, accompanied by hired armed Albanian security personnel, followed him. In a public space, they photographed him and made verbal threats, demanding that he hand over his phone on which he had earlier filmed activity outside the MEK camp gate.
MEK corruption and deception is insidious and highly dangerous. In America, neoconservatives use the MEK as tool to destroy the Democratic Party. MEK members inside the Albanian troll farms have admitted to me that, in addition to the usual "regime change" and "nuclear" tags they use, more recent additions include the names of various U.S. political candidates and "Virginia" with a view to swaying electoral opinion in the primaries. Since the MEK is not a benign group, it is under heavy surveillance. It would be naïve to believe that the intelligence services do not know the identity of the three individuals behind the Heshmat Alavi persona as well as the others who work in the troll farm.
Saudi money and U.S. political advocacy help the MEK exploit America's democratic systems to expand its influence. According to The Independent, "MEK articles were picked up by US government funded Voice of America's Persian-language service." In 2003, I gave testimony to the UK parliament that the MEK's cult nature was an even greater threat than its terrorist or violent behavior. The MEK regards its needs superior to any considerations of law, morality, or mortality.
Back in 2001, commentator Elizabeth Rubin warned that the MEK "is not only irrelevant to the cause of Iran's democratic activists, but a totalitarian cult that will come back to haunt us."
Massoud Khodabandeh is the director of Middle East Strategy Consultants and has worked long-term with the authorities in Iraq to bring about a peaceful solution to the impasse at Camp Liberty and help rescue other victims of the Mojahedin-e Khalq cult. Among other publications, he co-authored the book "The Life of Camp Ashraf: Victims of Many Masters" with his wife Anne Singleton. They also published an academic paper on the MEK's use of the Internet.
MEK Online Disinformation Operations From Troll Factory in Albania
Balkans Post, April 28 2020:… Murtaza Hussain: Heshmat Alavi is a persona used by the MEK to continue its public relations work in the Western countries, aiming to sway elite and public opinion by placing news articles and running social media campaigns promoting its vision for itself as the future government of Iran. The MEK is a very secretive organization… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Tehran Times, April 26 2020:… U.S. President Donald Trump has shared an appreciative tweet for his anti-Iran policies by a fake account belonging to the terrorist group of Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK). The tweet, posted by Heshmat Alavi on Wednesday, read: "The mullahs' regime ruling #Iran harasses UN Navy ships for propaganda purposes." "Thank you, President Trump, for reminding this regime that… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
covid-19 MEK Albania (Iran Interlink Weekly Digest – Apr 24, 2020)
Iran Interlink, April 25 2020:… covid-19 MEK Albania . In Albania MEK has ceased all financial support for some of its former members. MEK used to give small payments to some of those who abandoned the cult on condition they do not speak about their experiences in the cult and/or to perform certain activities, such as spying on other former… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Ali Harb, Middle East Eye, April 25 2020:… The US president's post was celebrated by an MEK-linked account. Trump retweeted that response, taking a dig at the presumptive Democratic nominee, former vice president Joe Biden. "The mullahs' regime ruling Iran harasses UN [sic] Navy ships for propaganda purposes," Heshmat Alavi, a popular MEK-linked Twitter account, responded to Trump's post. "Thank… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Donald Trump MEK Terrorists And The Troll Factory In Albania
Murtaza Hussain, The Intercept, April 23 2020:… Trump's amplification of the post was bad enough on its own: Alavi is a supporter of a militant Iranian cult called the Mojahedin-e-Khalq, known as the MEK, an organization that was designated for decades as a terrorist organization and is widely hated inside Iran. What makes it even worse, however, is that Heshmat… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
MEK Camp In Albania – Fake Heshmat Alavi and The Troll Factory
Tehran Times, April 21 2020:… MEK is a deeply unpopular group including among opponents of the Iranian government … Heshmat Alavi, who wrote dozens of articles for right-wing outlets, appears not to exist. Alavi's persona is a propaganda operation run by the MEK, he quoted two sources as saying … Heshmat Alavi is a persona used by the MEK to… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Heshmat Alavi and MEK (Iran Interlink Weekly Digest – Apr 17, 2020 )
Iran Interlink, April 18 2020:… The Heshmat Alavi account – the MEK's notorious troll farm alias – retweets large scale MEK propaganda. One Heshmat Alavi RT is of MEK claiming that 30,000 people have died of Coronavirus in Iran. Commentators say if that were true, Iranians would know about it. Therefore, the only audience for this Twitter account are those… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
COVID-19 and Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) , Tools of a Pariah State of America
Wayne Madsen, Strategic Culture Foundation, April 15 2020:… The influence of the cultish terrorist organization, Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK), which used the pandemic to increase pressure on Tehran, is strong within the Trump White House. In addition, the right-wing Florida Republican senators Marco Rubio and Rick Scott, used the pandemic to coordinate with wealthy Cuban and Venezuelan expatriates in south Florida to… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Anne and Massoud Khodabandeh, Balkans Post, March 29 2020:… Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand But, as destructive as the MEK presence has been in Albania, the group has inevitably played a greater role in the West's confrontation against Iran. In June 2019, Murtaza Hussain of The Intercept revealed that an internet troll farm was operating from the MEK's closed camp in Manez. The enslaved members, sitting behind… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
MEK Fakes Coronavirus News from Albania ; Ambassador Baeidinejad .
Press TV (And other sources), March 04 2020:… Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand Tehran's ambassador to the UK says the notorious Mujahedin-e-Khalq Organization (MKO) terror group and other foreign-based anti-Iran movements have launched a propaganda campaign over a coronavirus outbreak in the country with the goal of misleading the Iranian public opinion. The MEK was established in the 1960s to express a mixture of Marxism…Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
Albanian MEK Twitter Bots . New Social Media Policies not Affecting Them?
Helen Buyniski, Russia Today, February 08 2020:… Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand While this would seem to outlaw the tactics of groups like Sleeping Giants whose literal goal is to get those it unilaterally deems 'fascists' deplatformed by ginning up outrage mobs against them, Twitter is unlikely to defend the victims of such groups, if pastbehavior is any indication. Which begs the question: what constitutes 'serious harm', or… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
MEK Bots In Albania Main Source Of Retweeting Donald Trump's Tweets
Daniel Moattar, Mother Jones, January 16 2020:… Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand Trump was bragging about his tweet in Persian being the most retweeted Persian-language tweet. But much of that retweeting happens by these bots, and through these online activist cyber armies like the MKO (Rajavi Cult, MEK, NCRI, …) . Their activism, now, is basically tweeting. They have these halls of aging activists sitting behind computers and… Lucrative MEK Fake Accounts Interfering In American Politics Mujahedin-e-Khalq MEK Troll Accounts Removed By Facebook Terrorists with Keyboards in Hand
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Q: Do you ever need to specify 'javascript:' in an onclick? AFAIK, you never need to specify the protocol in an onclick:
onclick="javascript:myFunction()" Bad
onclick="myFunction()" Good
Today I noticed in this article on Google Anallytics that they are using it:

Is this example just plain wrong, or is there ever a reason to specify javascript: in anything other than a href?

A: It's never needed on anchors and is never good practice. An anchor is for navigation only.
An article about this topic is The useless JavaScript: pseudo-protocol.

A: In the beginning, you could also use VBScript in Internet Explorer instead of JavaScript, so specifying "javascript: ..." was standard.
Today, well, it doesn't hurt... There could always be some other wannabe browser scripting language in the future.

A: Some of the responses here claim that the "javascript:" prefix is a "leftover from the old days", implying that it's intentionally, specially handled by the browsers for backwards compatibility. Is there solid evidence that this is the case (has anyone checked source code)?
Test

To me, this just reads as:
javascript:
    alert(42);

Meaning, that "javascript:" is just a label and has no effect. This works, too:
Test

Update:
I did a little experiment and it turns out that, yes, "javascript:" is handled specially by IE, but definitely not so by Firefox, Safari, Opera or Chrome:
Test

On non-IE, this will just alert "once", once and then break out of the loop. On IE, I get a "Label not found" error. The following works fine in all browsers:
Test

Update 2:
I just realized the link http://crisp.tweakblogs.net/blog/the-useless-javascript-pseudo-protocol.html in one of the answers above pretty much talks about the same thing.

A: I have always believed that it was bad usage based on the fact that you can call JavaScript within a URL with the javascript: prefix:

(Web Forms, someone?)
And only ignorant web-developers that never realized the difference between an event-declaration and a href-declaration used it.
I would say that even event-attributes are bad practice in most cases nowadays, and the preferred way to atach an event is by using .attachEvent (Internet Explorer) and addEventListener (the rest of the browsers, as usual).
And finally... Google isn't always GOD almighty. They tend to be of more concern that stuff works instead of following standards all the time.

A: See Specifying the scripting language (in 18.2.2 in HTML 4.01 Specification, Scripts).

A: I think the "javascript:" prefix is a leftover from the olde days when there still was the vague possibility that anything other than JavaScript could be handling the event.
Today it's optional and kept for backwards compatibility reasons. But I wouldn't say it's bad as such, it's just unnecessary.

A: In Internet Explorer, It is possible to set the default language set to VBScript for a page. In the early days there was always the idea that another language may be used for scripting in a browser. As it has turned out, no such language has materialised in substantial form.
I don't bother with this language prefix myself.

A: It's good practice for your maintenance programmer.  The compiler knows the difference, but that young, just-out-of-college web developer may not.

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