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Founders of Color
Portfolio Challenge
Reshaping Capitalism To Drive Real Change: The Role Of Government
Lisa Gralnek November 9, 2020
A few weeks ago, I had the great privilege of moderating a discussion on the role of government in reshaping capitalism to drive real change. (You can watch the full conversation in the video recording at the end of this post.) In the soon-to-be released book Impact, by the amazing Sir Ronald Cohen, the case is presented for moving towards an economic model of risk-return-impact, versus the standard risk-reward binary. This new model still targets returns (profit), but also accounts for the real social and environmental risks of doing business. Shifting our existing systems will require the cooperation of big business, entrepreneurs, investors, philanthropists and government alike.
Three other impact leaders joined the conversation. Lenny Mendoca is a former Partner at McKinsey, serial entrepreneur, and the recent economic advisor to California state Governor Gavin Newsom. Ron Ivey is currently a Fellow at the Boston Consulting Group's Center for Social Impact (CSI) and has held numerous positions advising businesses and the US government on solving complex socio-economic challenges. And, MaryAnne Howland is the Founder of the Global Diversity Leadership Exchange and Chair of the American Sustainable Business Council's Race & Equity Working Group.
Here are some of our key takeaways.
1) All of you are trailblazers in your own right, what actions are you seeing in government and in partnership with the public sector right now that are giving you the greatest hope?
Generally, the conversation is moving towards something far more inclusive. Meaning, purpose, community and health are no longer simple buzzwords, but are increasingly being supported by infrastructure. We're heading towards what Sir Ronnie refers to as the "Impact Revolution" — a revolution in economics and policy.
Some hopeful examples of this momentum include: the fact that ESG investments now account for $30 trillion- or ⅓ of all assets under professional management today and are growing; shifting consumer expectations are forcing companies to rethink their responsibility and address issues of social and environmental impact; diversity & inclusion is no longer a niche conversation; entrepreneurs are increasingly asking "how can my business/technology/etc. do more than just make money and really help the greatest number of people in the world?".
2) What are the biggest issues you see that require coordinated collective action between government, private and civil sectors to achieve positive impact?
Sir Ronnie states that "our economic system is self-defeating, that unfettered capitalism has resulted in the creation of major social and environmental problems including poverty, undereducation, unemployment, health, environmental destruction and climate change". We need systems-level game changes to address the scale of today's global challenges. Among others, these include: encouraging and boosting impact investing; reskilling workers for a new world normal; and rooting out social and economic inequality everywhere it exists since it only feeds violence and instability. One of the primary ways we can support this is to take money out of politics and level the playing field.
3) What role do policy makers have in changing the way corporations measure and report impact?
In order to change the behaviour of companies, we need government to use its scale and voice directly in two distinct ways: we need rules and regulation, and we need fact-based decision-making.
If we accept that business has been largely responsible for creating and exacerbating the world's current problems, government needs to enact standard policies that encourage enterprise transparency and account for the real costs of social and environmental impact levied by corporate activities. We cannot do this within the current system.
Sir Ronnie's risk-reward-impact model is based on pricing-in externalities — accounting for the cost of businesses doing negative harm to the planet or people. Just as the government established GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) following the stock market crash of 1929 — today, we need impact-weighted accounting principals that rely on data and science to help us better understand and influence tax policy, competitive policy (avoid market concentration), climate change, education, community building, wealth distribution and so much more.
4) What is the relationship between innovation and the future of impact?
There is huge white space to explore and incentivize collective action that enrolls the private, public, and civil sectors in building a truly inclusive economy. Opportunities abound for multilateral cooperation, public-private partnerships, and aligning government policy to impact objectives. The real question is how can governments begin to move faster in embracing and adopting thinking and technology that ensures continued growth and prosperity?
As Lenny Mendonca, recent economic advisor to the Governor of California (which happens to be my home state, the country's most-populous one, the one perhaps most greatly impacted by climate change, and one with the world's 4th largest GDP- larger than India's and just a bit smaller than Germany's) shared — zero emission vehicles are set to become Califrnia's #1 export this year. This fact was made possible by the state encouraging and supporting the expansion of innovation ecosystems, as well as committing to a reduced carbon footprint. The result of this collective activity is not only less waste and pollution, but also the creation of jobs, market value, and increased productivity!
5) What qualities must governments foster in business to move us towards a more inclusive and equitable society?
General consensus is that success requirements go beyond the norms and rules of basic governance – and include trust, effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability. We talked about being able to compare apples to apples in reporting on private sector activities. Most importantly, we spoke about how transparency is THE key ingredient for impact.
6) How do you think governments can better communicate and "market" impact in order to help support a 'race to the top'?
If governance is defined as "the rules, laws, norms, language on which common understanding and regulation can happen" — then the role of government should ostensibly be to enact and enforce these rules, laws, norms and language around what we define as capital and impact. As Ron Ivey shared, our relationship with government must be based upon trust, social cohesion, and legitimacy. We need government to be outspoken advocates for the public good. We need to measure outcomes and adapt when and where we see need. Right now, too many in the world see governments as responsible for engendering inequality and supporting long-ago built systems engineered to fail. The way of the future is to do better.
7) If governments are truly "we the people", what must each of us do to be the change we want to see?
We each play many roles in our communities: as consumers, employees, investors, and voters. In each of these roles – we have the choice to engage, to participate in the conversation. As MaryAnne Howland, longtime leader in all things diversity & inclusion calls to our attention: "We must use our voice to demand accountability." As citizens, she challenges us to ask ourselves: What do I care most about and what am I willing to fight for? She pushes us to "get out there and make some noise, to get involved." We must demand action from our representative leaders; after all, there's no time to waste — impact must start now!
In closing, it's obvious that to reshape capitalism and drive real change, both government and governance is needed.
We need governments to help harness business' proclivity for innovation, wealth creation and progress in such a way that it benefits all, not just some.
We need governance in order to create and oversee the incentives that will propel investment and encourage co-creation, versus taking the more traditional stick-only based approach of taxes, penalties, and regulation.
Our leaders in both public and private sectors must also recognize that we're all in this together – interconnected and interdependent.
Driving real transformation and global impact requires the cooperation and commitment of states, nations, multilateral partners, nonprofits, corporations, local communities, and individuals alike.
We can "do well and do good together" as so many in the business community are increasingly realizing and already tackling. Let's join them!
Hosted by SOCAP and the American Sustainable Business Council, watch the whole conversation here:
Governance / Leadership
How To Increase Your Impact By Hiring For Deep Diversity January 27, 2017
Why Tom Chi's Rapid Prototyping Is the Key to Solving Problems November 6, 2016
Do You Know How Your Business Creates Value? November 6, 2016
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How to use the Paris Metro subway Paris Metro maps, schedules, tickets, passes, helpful travel tips. Maps Schedules Route Planner Single Ticket Day Ticket Mobilis Multi-day Pass Paris Visite Week Pass Navigo How to Ride The Paris Metro consists of 300 stations on 16 lines covering the 10x10km area of central Paris.... The Light of Paris Eleanor Brown, 2016 Penguin Publishing 320 pp. ISBN-13: 9780399158919 Summary Madeleine is trapped—by her family's expectations, by her controlling husband, and by her own fears—in an unhappy marriage and a life she never wanted.


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Ready to make a Healthy Income and profit from the work you love?
The Business Bakery is all about helping you make a Healthy Income from your handmade, boutique or intentionally-small business. Gosh 'Intentionally-small" is such a mouthful isn't it? But it's the shortest phrase we can find which says "I'm a small business that's happy being small. Not a small business business that's planning to be big".
We think that making a 'Healthy Income' is super-important. While a handmade, boutique or intentionally-small business might not be able to make oodles of money (although *hello* that would be nice) it also shouldn't make it's owner work a slew of hours to scrape a living.
Hmm. It shouldn't.
But you know it mostly does.
Yup. It's not talked about much and you could think you're the only one. But no, you're not. The truth is that most handmade and boutique-y business owners work very long hours to earn, well, not a lot. And when you do the maths, it gets worse. Many of you actually earn less per hour than the minimum wage.
Yikes! That's just so wrong.
The thing is it doesn't have to be. YOU can earn a Healthy Income from your business. And we're going to show you how….
Here's what you'll find at The Business Bakery
The Daily Juice for easy to follow tips and how-to's which we've created.
The Scrapbook for useful bits and bobs which we've found or have asked other people to write
Snacks of Profitable Goodness a weekly round up of yummy stuff for your business delivered straight to your inbox
A very fabulous-and active-community of homemade,boutique and intentionally-small business owners on our Facebook page
Our Kitchen.This is the super-special part of the Business Bakery and there's more on this below.
A teeny weeny shop
The Kitchen is at the heart of The Business Bakery and it's where we help you beat, blend and knead your business into shape. It's the home of our fun and super-doable Healthy Income Program and it's perfect if you're serious about making a Healthy Income.
Here's why we think you'll love it:
Healthy Income Program
Our unique ten step method, supported by lots of witty little techniques is designed specifically to help you make a better profit per hour (more on what that is, below) and a Healthy Income.
Stuff to read that's bite-sized and easy to digest.
Cookalongs
We do the Healthy Income Program together-ish. We 'cook' a selection of Business Recipes and notes together twice a week. It's just enough work to make a difference and not too much to be overwhelming.
To make it super-easy, most of the Business Recipes have worksheets with them. You just fill them in and keep them handy that way you've got all the info you need at your fingertips.
Business Recipes
You get step-by-step instructions for everything. No more wondering what to do next.
Kitchen-tables
Once a month we get together to ask questions and have a chat. No more feeling alone.
Hi I'm Julia Bickerstaff and I'm the founder of the Business Bakery.
I thought I should tell you a little bit about me. But isn't it hard to write about yourself? And what would you like to know, I wonder?
Maybe you'd like to know that I'm a Mum of four gorgeous children. That I live in Australia but hail from England. That I'm better at eating cakes than making them. And that while I picture myself as super-organised I'm actually a little bit scatty.
Or maybe you'd like to know that I used to have a serious job. That I was a partner at the global consulting firm Deloitte. That I used to work with companies that were really quite big. That I helped them get bigger. But that I then found that helping small business was more fun and, well, useful.
Perhaps you'd like to know that I've got lots of business experience. Maybe I should tell you that I'm finance expert on Australia's Channel 7 show "Kochie's Business Builders" and a regular on ABC's Finance Quarter. That I write for digital publications such as Smartcompany and Flying Solo. That I still do a little business coaching and lots of keynote speaking. And that many years ago I did the work, studied hard, passed the exams and earned the right to call myself a Chartered Accountant and an economist.
I wonder if you'd like to know how The Business Bakery came about? Yes? Well here we go then. I guess it arose from my love of handmade stuff, little shops and boutique business. When I need to buy something, that's where I heard first. Because I'm a bit of a chatterbox with a background in business, over the years the places I bought stuff from became my, um, business coaching clients. It was all very unofficial-I had a day job. A big busy one.
As it happens I had rather a lot of very unofficial business coaching clients. And what with that, plus a growing family, well let's just say I had neither the room nor the need for that big busy day job anymore. I quit and started The Business Bakery.
Two things troubled me about business coaching, The first was that because I worked with clients one-on-one I couldn't really help very many people. The second is that the whole one-on-one thing makes business coaching expensive so often the people who need it most can't afford it. I wanted The Business Bakery to be different. I wanted it to be a place where everyone could feast on useful stuff to make a Healthy Income. The Kitchen is a super-special part of The Business Bakery. It's for people who are serious about making a Healthy Income and need a super-doable a plan to follow. The Healthy Income Program, Business Recipes, Cookalongs and Kitchen-Tables are steeped in business coaching. But I think they work better.
So that's a bit about me and why I started The Business Bakery. But please don't think I do everything. I write the Business Recipes and the Daily Juice and I lead the Cookalongs but it's Team Business Bakery that keeps this baby afloat.
Well that's it. Is there anything else you'd like to know? If so please just get in touch.
Happy business baking

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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A subdivided flat in Mong Kok. Photo: rent.591.com.hk
US$381 to rent a sofa bed and toilet: welcome to Hong Kong
Netizens stunned by an advertisement for a 40 square-feet subdivided flat, as affordable living space continues to shrink in a city of millionaires
ByBen Kwok
Forget "airbed and breakfast." It seems that some people in Hong Kong are getting by with a sofa bed and washroom.
An online advertisement calling for a monthly rental of HK$2,900 (US$381) went viral this week. The rent might seem very reasonable for an apartment located in Wah Tak Building, a mere three minutes' walk from Mong Kok station.
The catch is that the unit advertised measures just 40 square feet and has only two things – a sofa bed and a toilet. In other words, the tenant will be sleeping right next to said toilet.
Hong Kong is well-known for its "Tong Fong," which translates from Cantonese as "subdivided flats."
Netizens wasted no time in calculating that the rental per square feet was over HK$72.5 – higher than the price per square foot in The Arch, a high-end residential development above Kowloon station. A near 400 square-foot unit at The Arch may be leased for around HK$26,000, or HK$66 per square feet, according to the records of Centanet, a leading property agency in Hong Kong.
The subdivided flat has become a symptom of how the rich get richer and the poor get poorer in Hong Kong.
In a city where equity and property are at historic highs, more and more residents are finding the cost of living prohibitively expensive. Hong Kong was ranked the least affordable city in the world for housing by Demographia for an eighth consecutive year this month.
The subdivided flat runs counter to the principle set forth by Michael Wright, Hong Kong's late former director of public works, that kitchens and private toilets should be considered basic necessities in public housing
With housing prices showing no sign of retreat, Hong Kong – which has a higher density of millionaires than any other city in the world – sees a situation where the size of flats most can afford to live in gets smaller and smaller.
Almost half of all newly constructed flats are less than 400 square feet in size. The studio flat, measuring roughly the size of two standard parking spaces, has also become a staple fixture. These flats are not equipped with kitchens, and in some cases they do not have a separate washroom.
Developers and property owners are testing buyers' limits by making units smaller and smaller – because smaller units mean higher yields for them.
Instead of leasing a small flat, renters on low budgets are increasingly settling for co-sharing units, or indeed subdivided flats.
In 2016, there were close to 200,000 families living in subdivided flats. The typical rent was HK$4,200, and most were in old and high-density districts such as Mong Kok and Shum Shui Po.
The subdivided flat runs counter to the principle set forth by Michael Wright, Hong Kong's former director of public works, that kitchens and private toilets should be considered basic necessities in public housing.
Wright, who was credited as Hong Kong's 'Godfather of public housing' and had a public housing estate named in his honor after his retirement, passed away on Friday at the age of 105.
Hong KongPropertyMong KokRental HousingThe ArchMichael Wright


The intricate detail and color are incredible.
Just discovered this on an eBay search. Not familiar with this series. If you are familiar, please post details in the comments. Size? date? Material? Price?
Pinocchio Trailer // Jasmin Vardimon Company from Jasmin Vardimon Company on Vimeo.
Thanks to Nicolas Coppola and Pix Smith for the lead on this clip. Is there a DVD of the full version?
Pinocchio was the first Disney feature to utilize animator models or "maquettes". This skillfully crafted, hand-painted sculpture originates from a late 1930's maquette in the company's collection; the production molds are made from a 3D scan. Availability: In stock $75.00 Walt Disney Archives Collection PINOCCHIO Maquette Figurine Limited Edition 3500 Dimensions: 7.4 in H x 2.95 in W x 3.27 in L Pinocchio was the first Disney feature to utilize animator models or "maquettes". This skillfully crafted, hand-painted sculpture originates from a late 1930's maquette in the company's collection; the production molds are made from a 3D scan. Figurine 7.4 in H Numbered Limited Edition 3,500 Matching (Hand-Numbered) Certificate of Verification Story Card Vintage coloration achieved through hand-matching paint swatches from the Disney paint palette to originals It is in brand new condition, never displayed, in its original box. FREE shipping via USPS within the continental US. (International shipping amounts will vary), (NOTE: International Buyers are responsible for all Duty and Customs Fees. The shipping amount charged by the Seller is solely for the cost of shipping the item to Buyer and does NOT include any Customs Fees). Payments are PayPal, American Express, Discover, VISA and MC (thru Paypal). California residents add 8% sales tax.
Product Features - 1000% Genuine - This is a Brand PINOCCHIO & JIMINY CRICKET HYBRID METAL HMF #014 HERO HEROCROSS ACTION Figure - It is definitely a collector's item and Sealed - Pinocchio (Oct 2014) - Disney licensed Product. - Height: ~15cm - Complete with 6 Interchangeable Gloved Hands, a Pair of Normal Ears, a Pair of Interchangeable Donkey' s Ears, Donkey' s Tail in ABS plastic. - Jiminy Cricket mini figure (fully colored) - Die-cast Body with over 20 Points of Articulation. - Mechanically Grow Nose. Designed and manufactured by HEROCROSS.
Every Disney fan will appreciate this detailed and true to film figurine of Pinocchio from the Enchanting Disney Collection. The figurine portrays one of the most recognizable moments from the film when Pinocchio's nose starts to grow. Even title uses his quote: 'Oh, look. My nose' from this memorable scene. The figurine is made from resin. Unique variations should be expected as this product is hand painted. Packed in a branded gift packaging. Not a toy or children's product. Intended for adults only. Height: 12.0cm Disney Subtype: Figurine MPN: A26910 Brand: Disney UPC: 720322269106 Product description Disney Enchanting Collection - Oh, Look! My Nose! - Pinocchio Figurine. This delightful figurine from the Disney Enchanting Collection features Pinocchio discovring for the first time, if he lies his nose grows. Disney Enchanting Collection - Oh, Look! My Nose! - Pinocchio Figurine Key Features: Oh, Look! My Nose! Disney Enchanting Collection From 'Pinocchio' (1940) Product Item No A26910 Height Approx: 12cm Resin Oh, Look! My Nose! is Brand New in Original Box The Disney Enchanting Collection features some of your favourite Disney characters from Mickey & Minnie Mouse, Tinker Bell, the Dwarfs, Disney Princesses, Winnie the Pooh and the Muppets. The collection comprising of colourful figurines and accessories for the home & office. The themes now include a romantic appeal where Mickey and Minnie Mouse figurines feature high gloss bright red details on them. The Enchanting collection figurines and ornaments are imaginatively modelled to capture the magical charm of each Disney character suitable for birthday gifts or for creating an enchanting displays for the home.
Disney Yujin Tomy diorama set Super detailed, mint new in plastic in the box. each of these 6 different diorama's is about 2.5 to 3" in height.
There are a few parts you just stick together without glue, and are pre-painted and super detailed. The set will be sent mint new in plastic with the box made flat.
Figurine is made of Stone Resin.
This Sculpture is new. It is in excellent condition and includes the original box and hang tag.
Won in ebay Auction $76.45, no tax, free shipping.
Who wants to purchase him for the collection?
Guggenheim Museum, NYC Maurizio Cattelan: All, This giant statue is suspended from the atrium of the Guggenheim in "All". It hangs sideways, and so it was photographed as it was viewed. Titled "Daddy. Daddy" 2008, Polyurathane resin, steel, and epoxy paint. Edition 1/3. On loan to Guggenheim from a Private Collection.
This POP! Pinocchio vinyl figure has got no strings, but his puppetlike body and charming face won't make anyone fret or frown. There are 12 POP! figurines designed by Disney and Funko.


Alloa Tower, which is now owned by National Trust for Scotland, is easy to get from Stirling (9 miles) by car, train, bus, cycling or even walking. The tower dates back to the 14th century and was built to guard a strategically important ferry crossing on the nearby River Forth, which has brought us art and riches.
While the building has been re-fenestrated many times, Alla Tower retains its original timber roof and battlements, surviving part of the medieval residence of the Erskine family, the Earls of Mar, and Kellie, from the 15th century until c1800. Looking to both modernize and preserve the tower and mansion (which was destroyed by fire in 1800), John the 6th Earl of Mar, made many changes, and it was at this time that the domed Italianate staircase leading to the Great Hall was added.
The tower was opened to visitors in 1997 and allows the visitors to admire a fine collection of Erskine family portraits and memorabilia on display.


THE family of an alleged supermarket knifeman accused of murdering an Aldi worker have said they are "trying to understand" the attack.
Neville Hord, 44, is facing trial after Jodie Willsher was stabbed to death at the branch in Skipton, North Yorkshire, last week.
Hero shoppers pinned him down after he allegedly walked up to "doting mother" Jodie and plunged a knife into her without saying a word.
Hord's family released an emotional statement ahead of his appearance at Leeds Crown Court today.
It read: "Neville's family wish to express our sincere condolences to Jodie's family at what should have been a time of joy and happiness for them.
""We are trying to understand... It has affected both families very deeply. No words can convey our sorrow for this tragic turn of events."
Hord, who was pictured with fake blood on a Halloween costume in 2014, spoke only to confirm his full name, date of birth and British nationality at the brief hearing.
The plumbing business owner was flanked by two officers in the dock where he wore grey jogging bottoms and a sweatshirt.
The case was adjourned until January 26 when Hord, of no fixed address, will attend Bradford Crown Court for a plea and trial preparation hearing.
Mum-of-one Jodie died after being attacked at 3.30pm on Wednesday.
Jodie's grieving husband, Malcolm Willsher, paid tribute to his wife, saying: "She was lovely and warm and always had a smile on her face.
"She was amazing, beautiful and a lovely person. She was a doting mother and a loving wife."
Cousin Chris Swale said: "How can life be so cruel, a selfless act by one person has left a husband without a wife and a little girl without her mother."
Skipton Mayor Andy Rankine said: "Skipton is a small but close-knit community where most people know each other.
"We are in shock about the sad events of yesterday where a store worker was killed whilst going about her duties.
"The whole town is in shock and grieving over the loss."


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EDM Maniac
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Beyond Wonderland 2020
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Insomniac Events
Beyond Wonderland 2015: A Beyond Impressive Lineup
By Jared
Insomniac Events released the lineup for Beyond Wonderland 2015 in Southern California. It's nothing short of amazing. I was hoping it was going to be good – and Insomniac delivered in a big way. There is something for everyone, from trap to trance to house and techno. Also on the lineup – some of electronic music's biggest legends and rising stars.
Carl Cox: You must see the godfather of techno, Carl Cox. He will take you on a journey like no other. I love watching him play live. If you want to really go down the rabbit hole, you'll want to catch his set.
Andy C: If you love true drum and bass, you won't want to miss Andy C. The English DJ and producer can work the turntables into a frenzy. His signature sound is called "the double drop." It's when he lines up two songs so that both basslines drop at the same time. It will give you chills!
Green Velvet: You've probably danced to his songs like "LaLaLand", "Bigger Than Prince" and "Lazer Beams." Now you have a chance to see Green Velvet in action. He is a true house music legend who got his start in Chicago back in the late 80's. Green Velvet also goes by the dj name Cajmere. Catch his set if you want to hear some funky beats from a true legend.
Showtek: These boys always put on a great show. Their energy is infectious and so are their beats. Brothers Sjoerd and Wouter Janssen have never disappointed me. Expect to hear their big room hits like "Booyah", "We Like To Party", "Cannonball" and possibly a little hardstyle, if you are lucky.
Andrew Rayel: This is a MUST SEE for me. I love Andrew Rayel's sound – it's so uplifting and happy. He has drawn comparisons as the next Armin Van Buuren, and its easy to hear why. If you want to be taking on a musical journey into trance heaven, be sure to see Andrew Rayel.
Tchami: You've probably heard his remix for Janet Jackson's "Let's Go Deep." The French dj and producer plays a mix of deep house, house and future house. A fun fact, Tchami co-produced DJ Snake and Lil Jon's hit "Turn Down For What." If you are a fan of deep house – be sure to catch this rising star in action.
I am really excited to see other acts like Knife Party, Josh Wink and Dj Jazzy Jeff. Yes, that Jazzy Jeff from The Fresh Prince!! I also plan on seeing Aly& Fila, Arty, Nicole Moudaber, Route 94, Sub Focus and Umek. I could go on and on about this lineup, its really THAT GOOD.
I'm also looking forward to being back at the San Manuel Amphitheater as that venue has a lot of room to roam and explore. That also means bigger stages! This is going to be a great start to the 2015 festival season.
-Jared
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Been diving in Bar Reef? Please Vote!
This reef was completely destroyed by the El Nino that plagued the 1990s, but it has now completely recovered and is one of the best dive sites in Sri Lanka. This is largely due to the fact that in 1992, it was declared a marine protected area by the Government of Sri Lanka, as it is the largest ocean reef in Sri Lanka, and this allowed the marine life to flourish without interference from human action.
The reef is now home to 283 different species of fish and over 150 different species of coral. The reef is very shallow and dive boats need to be aware of this and navigate carefully. As the reef is so shallow, most visitors simply snorkel the reef. From May to November, it is not possible to dive or snorkel here due to the monsoon weather. The currents here are normally not that strong and as the reef is so shallow, divers should wear wetsuits to protect themselves and the corals, against accidentally touching the coral.
Like many of the other dive sites in the country, turtles are common in this site and divers can expect to see Hawksbill turtles, Green turtles, leatherback turtles, and other species of turtles. These will be alongside the many different types of reef fish, and it is very common to spot tuna and dolphins at this site.
Map of Sri Lanka, Bar Reef dive site.


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Tag: TRN
List of Wind Power Manufacturing Stocks
Stock List Tom Konrad Ph.D., CFA - June 11, 2018
Wind power manufacturing stocks are publicly traded companies whose business is involved in the development or manufacture of wind power equipment. AB SKF (SKF-B.ST, SKFRY) Broadwind Energy (BWEN) China High Speed Transmission Equipment Group Co., Ltd. (0658.HK, CHSTF) General Electric (GE) Helix Wind, Corp. (HLXW) Inox Wind Limited (INOXWIND.BO) Nordex AG (NRDXF, NDX1.DE) Sauer Energy, Inc. (SENY) Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (GCTAF, SGRE.MC) Sif Holding NV (SIFG.AS) Suzlon Energy Limited (SUZLON.BO) Toray Industries, Inc (TRYIF, 3402.T) TPI Composites, Inc. (TPIC) Trinity Industries (TRN) Vestas (VWS.CO, VWSYF, VWDRY) Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (2208.HK) If you know of any wind power manufacturing stock that is not listed here, but which should be, please let us...
List of Alternative Transportation Stocks
Alternative Transportation Tom Konrad Ph.D., CFA - April 4, 2018
Alternative Transportation Stocks are publicly traded companies that offer transportation options that use less fuel per passenger-mile or freight-mile than traditional options. Includes mass transit (both rail and bus), bicycles, and two wheel vehicles. A. P. Moller - Maersk Group (MAERSK-B.CO) Accell Group (ACCEL.AS) Blue Bird Corporation (BLBD) Bombardier Inc (BDRBF) Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (0MK5.L) CSR Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive (ZHUZF) Canadian National Railway Company (CNI) Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (CP) CSX Corporation (CSX) Cubic Corporation (CUB) Dorel Industries (DIIBF) Firstgroup, PLC (FGP.L) Giant Manufacturing (9921.TW) Grande West Transportation Group Inc. (BUS.V) Great Lakes Dredge and Dock (GLDD) Greenbrier (GBX) L. B. Foster (FSTR) Merida Industry Co. Ltd. (9914.TW) National Express Group (NEX.L) New Flyer Industries (NFYEF, NFI.TO) Norfolk...


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Our mobile, fully qualified gas engineers provide a highly efficient service for both planned and responsive gas and heating works across Edinburgh and the Lothians. From boilers and radiators to underfloor heating and state-of-the-art wireless control systems, we only install quality products and appliances, and always aim to provide gas and heating solutions that meet your requirements as well as your budget.
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Prime Material Dragon by Karin J.B.
A new follower recently reminded me of my love for the Yu-Gi-Oh! fandom, so I thought I'd share this awesome fanart called Prime Material Dragon by Dutch deviantartist Karin J.B., posting as both EvilNightDragon and FoolishLittleMortal. This is based on the Yu-Gi-Oh! trading card by the same name, and it's a pretty powerful Level 6 Dragon with impressive special abilities.
That is not a dragon to be messed with! I love how she makes the dragon look appropriately massive with the curve in the horizon and the great detail in the clouds.
When facing an intruder it is most likely [to] first give off a warning sign by using the green lights and steam or smoke. Because of the steam/smoke the light will become visible as beams which are easily mistaken for lasers and therefore scaring away the intruder. If that doesn't work it will activate the flamethrowers and roar loudly. When the intruder still won't leave it will start to attack [with flamethrowers and steam].
You can find more of Karin's great artwork at her deviantart galleries, either under EvilNightDragon or her main account FoolishLittleMortal.
All right, that's it for me this week — as always, thank you for reading, take care, and stay creative!
Quick Slifer by Karin J.B.
Mechanical Dragon by Karin J.B.
When you can't get a dog… by Karin J.B.
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Category: human behavior
Two questions about human history
December 26, 2021 • 9:30 am
I'm sure that historians have pondered the first question at length, but I haven't read their lucubrations. According to Wikipedia, the first definitive use of the wheel on transportation was in Mesopotamia around 3500 B.C. We don't know how many times it was invented independently, but probably more than once (see below):
So, my first question is this: Why was the wheel not devised in the New World? The Americas had plenty of civilizations, including many Native American groups, and the Aztecs, Incas, and Maya as well as many other groups, but none of them had the wheel, with one exception (see below). Why? Further, the Diquis culture had stone spheres beginning about 300 A.D., so they certainly knew that something round could roll. But this wasn't adapted for carts or other rolling entities. Yet the Incas are said to have used wooden rollers to roll large stones for their walls and cities. Why no wheels, then?
According to The Straight Dope (I just looked this up), there was one exception:
The wheel evidently was familiar to the ancient Mexicans, the only known instance of its having been invented independently of the Sumerian version. Unfortunately, it apparently never occurred to anyone at the time that wheels had any practical application, and their use was confined to little clay gadgets that are thought to be either toys or cult objects.
That link also gives you an explanation that Cecil Adams considers definitive, but I don't know. See for yourself. I am guessing that Jared Diamond pondered this question in Guns, Germs, and Steel but I read it so long ago I can't recall. Go to the link, read "the" answer to my question above, and see if you agree with Cecil.
My second question is this: How did our ancestors keep their fingernails and toenails at reasonable length?
I thought of this question while clipping my nails the other day, and thought, "Scissors and nail clippers, and even steel knives were not invented in fairly late in human history. But yet our ancestors did without them for millions of years. How did they keep their nails short?
Now you might say, "They didn't need to: their nails wore down from hunting, gathering, and walking barefoot." But I am not sure this is the case. How would walking barefoot wear down your toenails? And we know that, at least in modern society, if you don't trim your fingernails and toenails, they get ungodly long (see below). Did the ancients use flint? And what did they do before they had flint implements? Or did they bite their fingernails?
Now we could surely answer this question by observing what hunter-gatherers do, if anything, to keep their nails short. But I am not going to look it up; I'd rather have readers speculate or, if they know the answer, tell me.
Below: a video showing what happens if you don't trim your nails: here's a man who didn't trim the nails on one hand for 66 years. (He explains why.) He has, on that hand, the longest known fingernails in history.
Of course he had to cut his nails on his right hand so he could do stuff (and I'm betting he's a rightie). Nobody would marry him, and you can imagine the trouble he had just living from day to day. It's all in the video
At the end they cut his nails:
Posted on December 26, 2021 December 26, 2021 by whyevolutionistruePosted in anthropology, history, human behavior, human biology100 Comments Posted at 9:30 am
Sex with a stranger? Evolutionary psychology and sex differences in behavior
June 6, 2021 • 9:15 am
In the early days of evolutionary psychology—that is, when it was just beginning to be applied to humans—I was rather critical of the endeavor, though not so much about "sociobiology", the application of evolutionary principles to animal behavior. A lot of the early evo psych stuff on humans was weak or overly speculative.
Since then, I've mellowed somewhat in light of replicated research findings about human behavior that show phenomena predicted by or very consistent with the theory of evolution. Not only are the phenomena predicted and replicated, but they are in line with what other animals show. Further, researchers have also falsified some alternative explanations ("culture" or "patriarchy" is the most common one).
I'll add here that the disturbingly common claim that evolutionary psychology is "bogus" or "worthless" as an entire field is ridiculous, both in principle and in practice. In principle, why should human behavior, or behavioral differences between the sexes, be the one area that is exempt from evolutionary influence, especially given that we evolved in small hunger-gatherer groups for at least five million years, on top of which is overlaid a thin veneer (about 20,000 years) of modern culture? That position—that all differences between men and women, say, are due to cultural influence—is an ideological and not an empirical view. If physical differences, both between sexes and among groups, are the result of evolution, why not mental ones? After all, our brain is made of cells just like our bodies!
In practice, there are several types of human behavior that, using my mental Bayes assessment, I consider likely to reflect at least some of the workings of evolution, past and present, although culture may play a role as well. There will be an upcoming paper on these fairly solid evo-psych behaviors (I'm not an author), but I'll highlight it when it's published.
In the meantime, we have one behavior, described in this 2017 article from Areo Magazine, that describes a "universal human behavior" involving sex differences, and a behavior that's likely to reflect our evolutionary heritage. Although the article is four years old, it's worth reading. The author, David P. Schmitt, has these bona fides:
David P. Schmitt, PhD, is Founding Director of the International Sexuality Description Project, a cross-cultural research collaboration involving 100s of psychologists from around the world who seek to understand how culture, personality, and gender combine to influence sexual attitudes and behaviors.
See also his Wikipedia page, which describes him as "a personality psychologist who founded the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP). The ISDP is the largest-ever cross-cultural research study on sex and personality."
The article, which I recommend you read, is chock-full of data. Click on the screenshot for a free read:
The behaviors Schmitt discusses in this longish but fascinating and readable piece are summarized in the first two paragraphs (there are lots of references should you want to check his claims):
Choosing to have sex with a total stranger is not something everyone would do. It probably takes a certain type of person. Quite a bit of evidence suggests, at least when it comes to eagerly having sex with strangers, it might also take being a man. Let's look at the evidence.
Over the last few decades almost all research studies have found that men are much more eager for casual sex than women are (Oliver & Hyde, 1993; Petersen & Hyde, 2010). This is especially true when it comes to desires for short-term mating with many different sexual partners (Schmitt et al., 2003), and is even more true for wanting to have sex with complete and total strangers (Tappé et al., 2013).
Of course this is "common wisdom" in American culture: it is the heterosexual guy who does the pursuing, and does so without many criteria beyond the lust object having two X chromosomes, and he's still often rejected, while women are far choosier about who they mate with.
There are many studies, described and cited by Schmitt (usually using lab experiments or good-looking students on campus approaching members of the opposite sex) that show the same thing. An attractive man propositioning a woman for sex is accepted about 0% of the time, while, in the opposite situation far more than half the males accept a sexual proposition from an attractive female stranger. Here are two studies, but there are more:
In a classic social psychological experiment from the 1980s, Clark and Hatfield (1989) put the idea of there being sex differences in consenting to sex with strangers to a real life test. They had experimental confederates approach college students across various campuses and ask "I've been noticing you around campus, I find you to be very attractive, would you go to bed with me tonight?" Around 75 percent of men agreed to have sex with a complete stranger, whereas no women (0 percent) agreed to sex with a complete stranger. In terms of effect size, this is one of the largest sex differences ever discovered in psychological science (Hyde, 2005).
Twenty years later, Hald and Høgh-Olesen (2010) largely replicated these findings in Denmark, with 59 percent of single men and 0 percent of single women agreeing to a stranger's proposition, "Would you go to bed with me?" Interestingly, they also asked participants who were already in relationships, finding 18 percent of men and 4 percent of women currently in a relationship responded positively to the request.
This of course jibes with the behavior of many animals (in my flies, for example, males will court almost any female, even wooing pieces of dust or small blobs of wax), while females repeatedly reject males. It's true of primates in general, and of many animal species. And it makes evolutionary sense. If a male mates with five females instead of one, he's likely to have five times more offspring. In the reverse situation, though, a female who mates with five males in a short period will have roughly the same number of offspring as if she mated just once. That's because she makes a huge investment in eggs and (in some species like ducks) maternal care, and so she should be selected to be choosy about her mates, looking for a male who is fit, healthy, may have good genes, and, if there's parental care, will be an attentive father. Since the male has far less to lose, and far more to gain, by repeatedly mating with different females, this explains the strategy of "wanton male versus choosy female" sexual preference. These are likely to be evolved sexual behaviors.
This of course is a generalization. There are certainly picky men and women who are less choosy about their partners. But it's a generalization that holds up not only in the "choice" studies I just mentioned, but in other aspects as well. Psychological studies show that (here I quote Schmitt, bolding is his)
. . . men have more positive attitudes towards casual sex than women, have more unrestricted sociosexuality than women, and generally relax their preferences in short-term mating contexts (whereas women increase selectivity, especially for sexual attractiveness.
. . . Cognitively and emotionally, men are more likely than women to have sexual fantasies involving short-term sex and multiple opposite-sex partners, men perceive more sexual interest from strangers than women, and men are less likely than women to regret short-term sex or "hook-ups."
Considering sexual fantasies, men are much more likely than women to report having imagined sex with more than 1,000 partners in their lifetime (Ellis & Symons, 1990).
Behaviorally, men are more likely than women to be willing to pay for short-term sex with (male or female) prostitutes, men are more likely than women to enjoy sexual magazines and videos containing themes of short-term sex and sex with multiple partners, men are more likely than women to actually engage in extradyadic sex, men are more likely than women to be sexually unfaithful multiple times with different sexual partners, men are more likely than women to seek one-night stands, and men are quicker than women to consent to having sex after a very brief period of time (for citations, see Buss & Schmitt, 2011).
Here's a table reproduced in the Areo paper taken from Buss and Schmitt (2011), where you can find the original references. Click to enlarge.
These patterns hold in nearly all studies in different parts of the world. That in itself suggests that culture may play an insignificant role in the difference I'm discussing.
Now if you're thinking hard, you can think of at least four non-evolutionary explanations for these behaviors (I've combined disease and pregnancy in #3 below). Both, however, have been shown to be unlikely to be the major explanation for the sex difference in choosiness.
1.) Patriarchy: These could be cultural differences enforced by the patriarchy and socialization. Why a patriarchy exists itself may be evolutionary (e.g., males are stronger and thus can control females more easily than the other way around), but male dominance itself is not the explanation we're testing here. Schmitt explains why (beyond observed cultural universalism), this is unlikely to explain the entire behavioral difference (all emphases are the author's):
For instance, Schmitt (2015) found sex differences in the sociosexuality scale item "I can imagine myself being comfortable and enjoying 'casual' sex with different partners" were largest in nations with most egalitarian sex role socialization and greatest sociopolitical gender equity (i.e., least patriarchy, such as in Scandinavia). This is exactly the opposite of what we would expect if patriarchy and sex role socialization are the prime culprits behind sex differences in consenting to sex with strangers.
How can this be? Why are these sex differences larger in gender egalitarian Scandinavian nations? According to Sexual Strategies Theory (Buss & Schmitt 1993), among those who pursue a short-term sexual strategy, men are expected to seek larger numbers of partners than women (Schmitt et al., 2003). When women engage in short-term mating, they are expected to be more selective than men, particularly over genetic quality (Thornhill & Gangestad, 2008). As a result, when more egalitarian sex role socialization and greater sociopolitical gender equity "set free" or release men's and women's mating psychologies (which gendered freedom tends to do), the specific item "I enjoy casual sex with different partners" taps the release of men's short-term mating psychology much more than it does women's. Hence, sex differences on "I enjoy casual sex with different partners" are largest in the most gender egalitarian nations.
Overall, when looking across cultures, reducing patriarchy doesn't make these and most other psychological sex differences go away, it makes them larger (Schmitt, 2015). So much for blaming patriarchy and sex role socialization.
2.) Fear of injury. In general, men are stronger than women (this is almost surely the result of evolution affecting competition for mates). Perhaps women are leary of accepting propositions from unknown men because they might get hurt, as do many prostitutes. But several studies show that safety alone cannot be the whole explanation:
Clark (1990) was among the first to address the issue of physical safety. He had college-aged confederates call up a personal friend on the phone and say "I have a good friend, whom I have known since childhood, coming to Tallahassee. Joan/John is a warm, sincere, trustworthy, and attractive person. Everybody likes Joan/John. About four months ago Joan/John's five year relationship with her/his high school sweetheart dissolved. She/he is was quite depressed for several months, but during the least month Joan/John has been going out and having fun again. I promised Joan/John that she/he would have a good time here, because I have a friend who would readily like her/him. You two are just made for each other. Besides she/he has a reputation as being a fantastic lover. Would you be willing to go to bed with her/him?" Again, many more men (50%) than women (5%) were willing to have sex with a personally "vouched for" stranger. When asked, not one of the 95% of women who declined sex reported physical safety concerns were a reason why.
3.) Fear of pregnancy and/or disease. Since venereal diseases can be passed in both directions, I'm not sure that disease is a good explanation, though perhaps women are more likely to get serious disease than are men. As far as pregnancy is concerned, there's at least one study showing it can't be the sole factor:
Surbey and Conohan (2000) wondered whether worries of safety, pregnancy, stigma, or disease were what was holding women back from saying yes to sex with a stranger. In a "safe sex" experimental condition, they asked people "If the opportunity presented itself to have sexual intercourse with an anonymous member of the opposite sex who was as physically attractive as yourself but no more so (and who you overheard a friend describe as being a well-liked and trusted individual who would never hurt a fly), do you think that if there was no chance of forming a more durable relationship, and no risk of pregnancy, discovery, or disease, that you would do so?" On a scale of 1 (certainly not) to 4 (certainly would), very large sex differences still persisted with women (about 2.1) being much less likely to agree with a "safe sex" experience with a stranger compared to men (about 2.9).
So, sex differences in agreeing to sex with strangers are not just a matter of safety issues, pregnancy concerns, slut-shaming stigma, or disease avoidance. Controlling for all of that, researchers still find large sex differences in willingness to have sex with a stranger.
There's a lot more in this paper, including Schmitt's critique of the two papers cited widely as disproving the "pickiness" hypothesis. Both papers, however, suffer from extreme methodological flaws, and in both cases the results support the "pickiness" hypothesis when the flaws are corrected.
You can read the hypothesis and judge for yourselves, but I think this is one of the best examples we have of evolutionary psychology explaining a difference between men and women in behavior*. As I said, it's shown up throughout the world in different cultures, it's paralleled in many species of animals, alternative explanations fail to explain the data, other, unrelated data support at least a partial evolutionary basis of the choice difference, and the few papers that claim to disprove it wind up actually supporting it.
Aside from "universal" behavior like sleeping, eating, or wanting to reproduce, which are surely instilled in us by evolution (and nobody questions those), we shouldn't ignore differences between groups, especially the sexes, as having an evolutionary origin. It's likely that morphological differences between geographic populations, like the amount of melanin in the skin, are adaptive responses to natural selection, so why is behavior the one trait that is always off limits to evolutionary explanation? It's ideology, Jake.
h/t: Steve Stewart-Williams
*As a reader points out below, and even more obvious evolutionary difference is that the vast majority of men are sexually attracted to women, and vice versa. That would be hard to explain as a result of the patriarchy or of socialization.
Posted on June 6, 2021 June 6, 2021 by whyevolutionistruePosted in evolutionary psychology, human behavior, human biology, human evolution, sex58 Comments Posted at 9:15 am
World's oldest representational art: an Indonesian warty pig from 45,000 years ago
January 23, 2021 • 1:45 pm
Here from Science Advances via National Geographic, is the painting of a wild pig from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. AT 45,000 years old, it's world's oldest cave art, and in fact the oldest known representational art of any sort.
Photo: MAXIME AUBERT
Here's the paper reporting it (click on screenshot), and a free pdf is here:
The very oldest art comes not from Europe or Africa, but from Indonesia; but surely there was much earlier representational art. The subject is presumably a Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis), a species still with us, and the artist presumably an anatomically modern human (H. sapiens sapiens).
Here's the subject. Not a bad representation, eh?
From Wild Pig, Peccary & Hippo Specialist Groups.
And a few words from the authors ("AMH" means "anatomically modern humans")
On the basis of the presently available evidence, we are unable to definitively conclude that the dated figurative rock art depiction from Leang Tedongnge is the handiwork of cognitively "modern" members of our species. However, this seems to be the most likely explanation given the sophistication of this early representational artwork and the fact that figurative depiction has so far only been attributed to AMH everywhere else in the world.
If so, the dated pig image from Leang Tedongnge would appear to provide some of the earliest evidence, if not the earliest, for the presence of our species in Wallacea. The minimum age of this artwork is compatible with the earliest established indications of AMH from excavated deposits in the Lesser Sunda islands, which formerly provided the oldest archaeological evidence for H. sapiens in Wallacea (~44.6 ka cal BP). Hence, dating results for the Leang Tedongnge painting underline the view that representational art, including figurative animal art and depictions of narrative scenes, was a key part of the cultural repertoire of the first AMH populations to cross from Sunda into Wallacea—the gateway to the continent of Australia.
Posted on January 23, 2021 January 23, 2021 by whyevolutionistruePosted in anthropology, art, human behavior, human evolution22 Comments Posted at 1:45 pm
August 29, 2020 • 7:45 am
Since I'm including Homo sapiens as "wildlife" now (we are a species on the planet), I will accept good photos of human beings in this feature. After seeing the excellent people photos of Joe Routon, Joe Dickinson submitted his own collection. Joe D.'s captions are indented:
This and several following photos are from a trip to India about seven years ago, guided by my sister-in-law who had spent a year there as a youngster when my father-in-law was setting up the first computer center in India. (My wife and I "house sat" for their home in Berkeley for the first year of our marriage.) She (my sister-in-law) returned to India for at least a year on two occasions, teaching at a well-known school for international students. I visited her there when attending an International Congress of Genetics (1972?) in Delhi . [JAC: I was at that Congress too, but I think it was after 1972.]
Here is the happy couple from a wedding taking place at the hotel we were staying in.
Some young Muslim women in a market.
Now we jump back to Africa, near Lake Victoria.
Some ladies demonstrating spinning and weaving methods in the Chilean Andes.
And me, back in the boat after some snorkeling in French Polynesia.
Posted on August 29, 2020 August 29, 2020 by whyevolutionistruePosted in human behavior, photography, Readers' wildlife17 Comments Posted at 7:45 am
New discovery: Earliest pictoral art in human history
A new report in Nature displays what is said to be the oldest "figurative artwork" in the world—work that is representational of real-world items rather than just abstract figures. It shows not only hunting scenes, but "therianthropes" (human-animal hybrid figures), and also is the oldest "narrative art", as it's said to depict a hunting scene. (Click on screenshot below to read the article, and you can find the pdf here). How old is it? Uranium/thorium dating places a minimum age of the cave paintings at 43,900 years, making it older than the oldest nonrepresentational art: a disk dated at 40,800 years from Spain.
The authors start the paper with a history of "oldest" art, which I'll reproduce below (I have photos of the stuff that I've put in bold):
Previous uranium-series (U-series) dating has suggested that the oldest known figurative cave art is found in Indonesia. Up until now, the earliest minimum U-series ages for representative artworks reflect dates of 40 ka for a naturalistic painting of a wild bovid in Kalimantan and, from south Sulawesi, 35.4 ka for a painting of a pig—possibly a female babirusa or young Sulawesi warty pig (Sus celebensis). Non-figurative rock art dated to 65 ka in Spain has been attributed to Neanderthals, but this claim has been questioned on various grounds. With a minimum age of 40.8 ka, the earliest dated art that is generally attributed to modern humans in Europe is an abstract 'disc' sign from the rock art site of El Castillo in Spain. Although animal motifs are abundant in the Pleistocene cave art of Indonesia and Europe, in both regions humans hunting fauna are very seldom depicted; composite human–animal figures are also uncommon. In Europe, images of lone animals that are seemingly impaled by projectiles are documented in art of Magdalenian cultures (dating to about 21–14 ka); however, the motifs that are regarded by some as spears or arrows are subject to varying interpretations In terms of parietal imagery, one of very few obvious narrative compositions is the famous scene from the shaft (or 'well') at Lascaux (France) (Extended Data Fig. 1). This Magdalenian rock art panel apparently depicts a bird-headed man being charged by a wounded bison. The shaft scene is the subject of considerable speculation, but some scholars believe it represents a real hunt; if this is the case, so far as we can ascertain this would be the oldest narrative composition that portrays a hunting scene in European art. The earliest image that is generally accepted to represent a therianthrope is the Löwenmensch ('lion-man') figurine, a 31.1-cm-tall mammoth-ivory statuette of an apparently part-human, part-lion creature from Hohlenstein–Stadel (Germany) (Extended Data Fig. 1). This artefact, which belongs to the early Aurignacian tradition (dating to about 40–39 ka), is regarded by some as the earliest evidence for the capacity to link the concepts of 'animal' and 'person' into a single abstract category. The Hohlenstein–Stadel figure also has a prominent role in scientific debates about the origins of religion, as it has been argued that the ability to imagine the existence of things that do not exist—including therianthropes—forms the basis for religious thought. In Kalimantan, U-series dating has shown that people began painting small anthropomorphic figures inside caves at least 14 ka, and perhaps as early as 21–20 ka—these figures are sometimes shown pursuing deer, but dates are not available for any of these scenes. To our knowledge, no unambiguous depictions of therianthropes have previously been identified in the early cave art of Kalimantan or Sulawesi.
Here are some pictures of the images put in bold in the text. First, the abstract disks at El Castillo, dated to at least 40,800 years and the oldest art of any kind. There are also handprints made by blowing pigment around a hand, which really conjures up our ancient relatives as people.
Disks:
The 40,000 year old bovid figure from Borneo, previously the oldest figurative art:
From source: A painting of wild cattle, dated at about 40,000 years old, in a cave in East Kalimantan, Borneo, part of a large panel containing at least two other animals. Photograph: Pindi Setiawan
And here, from the supplementary data in the new Nature paper, are several other pieces of artwork mentioned above, including the Lascaux cave painting, which shows the bird-headed man (all captions are from the Nature paper). The art at Lascaux is much younger: 21,000-14,000 years ago. You can also see the lion-man therianthope statue, which is about 39,000-40,000 years old, and is already quite sophisticated.
a, b, The shaft scene from Lascaux (about 21–14 ka) (a). This rock art panel is widely interpreted as depicting a bird-headed human figure (b) being charged by a bison that it has wounded with a spear; in a, the latter object is visible below the partly disembowelled bison. Another object depicted in this scene possibly represents a spearthrower with a sculpted representation of a bird at the proximal end. c, d, The lion-man figurine from Hohlenstein–Stadel. Carved in mammoth ivory, this 31.1-cm-tall image of Aurignacian age (about 40–39 ka) appears to represent a male human figure with the head of a cave lion. The image in b is a digital tracing of the relevant section in a. Sources: Alamy, used under licence (a, c); Shutterstock, used under licence (d).
The new finds are from Sulawesi in Indonesia, with the location given below. The paintings are badly weathered (I presume they'll find a way to protect them), but have also been marred by water seeping through the paintings and then mineralizing, forming calcium carbonate concretions called "coralloid speliotherms", or "cave popcorn". However, the fact that the paintings were later marred by mineral deposits also gives us a way to date them, since cave popcorn can be dated using decay rates of uranium into thorium.
The limestone cave of Leang Bulu' Sipong 4 is a rock art site in the tower karst region of Pangkep. Map data: STRM 1 Arc-Second Global by NASA/NGS/USGS and GEBCO_2014 Grid version 20150318 (http://gebco.net). Base map created by M. Kottermair and A. Jalandoni.
So at last we get to the cave art in Sulawesi, which has been enhanced in the figure below, and then given representations in b). In c) and d) you can see enlargements showing what the authors take to be human/animal hybrids, and then a very large anoa, which is a midget buffalo found only on Sulawesi. I've put a picture of one species of anoa below the figure.
a, Photostitched panorama of the rock art panel (using photographs enhanced with DStretch). Ther, therianthrope. b, Tracing of rock art panel showing results of U-series dating. Scale bar, 20 cm. c, d, Detail of a group of therianthropic (part-human, part-animal) figures confronting an anoa. As evident in a, c, d, the surface of the cave wall is extensively exfoliated, erasing some of the art. However, the following elements (from left to right; see a, b) are clearly discernible: a hunter (therianthrope 1; 26 × 12 cm) apparently spearing or roping a pig (pig 1; 123 × 58 cm), in which the body of the hunter appears to be human-like in form but has a tail (Extended Data Figs. 3, 4); a lone pig (pig 2; 84 × 42 cm) (Extended Data Fig. 3); a small anoa (anoa 1; 51 × 24 cm) with an unidentified (possibly human) figure beside it (Extended Data Fig. 5); a small figure (therianthrope 2), the head of which is missing and which is positioned above an anoa (anoa 2; 74 × 29 cm) that it is possibly spearing or roping—the figure appears to be a fully composite being that apparently combines the characteristics of a human and two kinds of non-human animals (an anoa and a reptile) (Extended Data Fig. 5); a group of six very small figures (about 4–8 cm tall) (therianthropes 3–8) confronting an anoa (anoa 3) with ropes or spears—these tiny figures generally have anthropomorphic bodies, but heads and/or other body parts that are animal-like in form (for close-up images of each of the figures, see Extended Data Fig. 6). Another anoa (anoa 4) is positioned behind anoa 3, but only its head and back line are complete. The locations of four coralloid speleothems (samples BSP4.2 to BSP4.5) collected in association with three animal figures, and which yielded minimum U-series ages for the rock art panel, are indicated in the central tracing (b). The earliest minimum date for each sample is provided. The only elements that are evidently not coeval in time with the therianthropes and animals are two separate clusters of hand stencils32; these motifs were created using a lighter shade of red pigment and are differentially weathered, and one group of stencils was clearly superimposed onto pig 1 following a period of weathering of the cave wall surface, indicating a considerable time lapse between these two phases of art production (Extended Data Fig. 3). In Maros–Pangkep, the oldest dated hand stencil of the distinctive narrow-fingered style32 has a minimum U-series age of 17.8 thousand years9.
A lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). There's also a mountain anoa, and it's not clear which species the painting above represents—or whether it's a third species that's now extinct. Both living species are endangered by hunting and habitat loss. These little creatures are only about a meter high at the shoulder.
The authors conclude that this is the world's oldest known figurative art and also the oldest narrative art, which implies that humans were already engaged in storytelling 43,000 years ago. The authors consider storytelling important because "the ability to invent fictional stories may have been the last and most crucial stage in the evolutionary history of human language and the development of modern patterns of cognition." Of course, they're speculating here.
Finally, these are also the oldest therianthropes: almost twice as old as the Lacaux "birdman" and several millennia older than the lion-headed figure which held the previous record. At the end, of course, there's the requisite speculation about spirituality, as the authors say the scene "hints at the deeply rooted symbolism of the human-animal bond and predator-prey relationships in the spiritual beliefs, narrative traditions, and image-making practices of our species." Well, again that's more speculation. But it does suggest that about 43,000 years ago, H. sapiens was already thinking in numinous terms, for what else would a therianthrope represent?
Posted on December 20, 2019 December 20, 2019 by whyevolutionistruePosted in art, human behavior, human evolution34 Comments Posted at 9:45 am
How not to apologize
It would seem a no-brainer to say "I'm sorry" in a way that tells people—or lets them think!—that you're sincere, but nobody seems to get it right these days. Last night, I heard the perpetrator of another blackface episode say, "I'm sorry that I offended people."
Now that is not an apology, and it's obvious why not. This person was sorry not for doing something racist, but for offending people. When I hear an apology like that, I think, "What this person is really sorry for is being caught." An alternative interpretation is "I am sorry that you were offended, but maybe you shouldn't have been."
What really conveys sincerity is something like, "Yes, I behaved in a racist way. It was wrong, and I'm sorry for that. And I won't do it again."
Now of course many people who proffer "sincere" apologies, like the last one above, don't really mean them. But humans being who we are, we'll feel better hearing even insincere words that sound sincere. So be it. The ideal tactic, if you really have done something offensive, is to reflect on your behavior and, if you decide it was wrong, go tell the person/people you offended that you were wrong and that you're sorry for what you did. (Even if you feel that you were partly right, swallow your pride and just apologize for the sake of comity.)
I don't understand why people don't grasp that it's not enough to say that you're sorry that people were offended. That conveys the idea that you regret that they became offended, not that you regret making them offended.
I don't want to dwell too much on Ilhan Omar, who tendered the apology below when called out by senior Democrats in the House for her anti-semitic tweets, but this is not the way to apologize:
Listening and learning, but standing strong 💪🏽 pic.twitter.com/7TSroSf8h1
— Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN) February 11, 2019
It's wrong for several reasons:
1.) It apologizes for offending people rather than for saying something anti-semitic. Does she think what she said was anti-semitic? I doubt it.
2.) She says her intention was not to be offensive. If not, what was it?
3.) She apologizes to a limited group of people: her constituents and Jewish Americans as a whole. Well, perhaps others, including Jews who weren't Americans, were offended.
4.) She makes it about herself with the "I expect people to hear me when others attack me for my identity." You don't make excuses for saying what you said, or try to drag your own offense into an apology.
5.) The word "unequivocal" is defused by the fact that she equivocates in the rest of the apology.
6.) The stuff about the problematic nature of lobbyists completely ruins the apology, as it's irrelevant and apparently is some sort of excuse for what she did. That again makes the apology "equivocal", especially in view of Omar herself taking money from lobbyists. Why is it okay for her to take money from CAIR while others take money from NRA? (AIPAC does not give money to individual politicians, by the way)
A genuine apology—one without equivocation or excuses—goes a long way with other people. Just fricking say you were wrong and that you won't behave that way again! It isn't rocket science!
Posted on February 13, 2019 February 13, 2019 by whyevolutionistruePosted in human behavior51 Comments Posted at 10:15 am


The country has a warm and humid climate along its Indian Ocean coastline, with wildlife-rich savannah grasslands inland towards the capital. Nairobi has a cool climate that gets colder approaching Mount Kenya, which has three permanently snow-capped peaks. Further inland there is a warm and humid climate around Lake Victoria, and temperate forested and hilly areas in the western region. The northeastern regions along the border with Somalia and Ethiopia are arid and semi-arid areas with near-desert landscapes. Lake Victoria, the world's second largest fresh-water lake and the world's largest tropical lake, is situated to the southwest and is shared with Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya is famous for its safaris and diverse wildlife reserves and national parks such as the East and West Tsavo National Park, the Maasai Mara, Lake Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Park. There are several world heritage sites such as Lamu, and world renowned beaches such as Kilifi where international yachting competitions are held each year.
Kenya has considerable land area devoted to wildlife habitats, including the Masai Mara, where Blue Wildebeest and other bovids participate in a large scale annual migration. Up to 250,000 blue wildebeest perish each year in the long and arduous movement to find forage in the dry season. The "Big Five" animals of Africa can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara in particular: the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros and elephant. A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country. The annual animal migration especially migration of the wildebeest– occurs between June and September with millions of animals taking part. Kenya is the setting for one of the Natural Wonders of the World the great wildebeest migration. 11.5 million of these ungulates migrate a distance of 1,800 miles from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies.
c 3.3 million BC – Evidence of some of the earliest human tools have been found in Kenya, suggesting that it was the cradle of humanity from which descendants moved out to populate the world.
1895 – Formation of British East African Protectorate, which becomes crown colony of Kenya – administered by a British governor – in 1920.
1963 – Kenya gains independence. Opposition groups are stifled and the country survives ethnic tensions and a coup attempt. Multiparty elections are allowed in 1991.
1998 – Al-Qaeda operatives bomb the US embassy in Nairobi, killing 224 people and injuring thousands.
2007 – Disputed general elections are followed by deadly violence.
2009 – Kenya says that at least 10 million people, or one third of the population, are in need of food aid. The government mobilises the military to distribute food, water and medicines to areas hit hardest by drought.
2011 – Kenya intervenes in conflict in Somalia and subsequently suffers several apparent reprisal attacks, including the 2013 massacre at Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi and the 2015 attack on Garissa University College in the northwest.
2017 – General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017 to elect the President, members of Parliament and devolved governments. The reported results indicated that incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta was re-elected with 54% of the vote. His main opponent, Raila Odinga, refused to accept the results and contested them in the Supreme Court.The results of the presidential election were subsequently annulled and fresh elections were ordered to be held within 60 days. It was later announced that a new election would be held on October 17. However, the results of the parliamentary and local elections remained valid. The date for the presidential election was later changed to 26 October 2017. Despite the ruling for a new Presidential election, Odinga later announced his decision to withdraw from the repeat election on October 10.


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Q: An ERROR occurred in archiving the artifacts When I type "build*.jar" into Files to archive filed in Archive the artifacts, the warning red message "build*.jar' doesn't match anything: 'build' exists but not 'build*.jar" appears.
After I ignore it and build, the following ERROR occurred:
Archiving artifacts
ERROR: No artifacts found that match the file pattern "build\*.jar". Configuration error?
ERROR: 'build\*.jar' doesn't match anything: 'build' exists but not 'build\*.jar'
Build step 'Archive the artifacts' changed build result to FAILURE
Finished: FAILURE

A: If you want to totally ignore the artifact part, you can select the Do not fail build if archiving returns nothing option in Jenkins Post-build Actions > Archive the artifacts > Advanced settings.

A: Please check if build is a direct folder within your Jenkins Project workspace. For example if , target is a direct folder with your project workspace, target\*.jar will archive all the jars within the target folder. Also, please try clicking on the ? for more details

A: What's probably happening is that \ is escaping * and it's looking for literally the file named build*.jar.
I assume you are on Windows, hence you are using \ separator. However most Windows versions support /. Try that first:
build/*.jar
If that doesn't work, you can try escaping \ in the first place:
build\\*.jar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The No. 28-ranked women's golf team finished sixth at the 2015 Betsy Rawls Longhorn Invitational after three rounds of play on Monday and Tuesday in Austin, Texas. The Hurricanes completed the last tournament of their fall schedule with a 54-hole score of 884 at the par 72, 6,298-yard University of Texas golf course.
The Canes did not have their best first two rounds as a team, but had a strong showing in round three to finish in the top half of the field.
Both freshman Dewi Weber and senior Kailey Walsh got off to fast starts in round one on Monday. Weber had a scorecard with a little of everything, including an eagle, three birdies, two bogeys and a double bogey to finish at one under par. Walsh also shot a 71, but with an eagle, four birdies and five bogeys.
Junior Daniela Darquea, the top-seeded player for the Canes, scored a solid 72, but junior Delfina Acosta and senior Christina Ocampo struggled, shooting a 77 and an 81, respectively.
Round two wasn't much better, as every Cane failed to shoot under par. Acosta started off hot, birdieing four of her first five holes, but a heartbreaking quadruple bogey on the par-4 seventh hole clearly slowed down her pace. Acosta was the only Miami player to not shoot over par, finishing with an even 72 for the round.
The Canes sat in eighth place after two rounds. Weber led Miami heading into the final round tied for 16th.
Miami showed its resilience in round three on Tuesday, specifically Darquea and Weber. Darquea had a flawless round, finishing with four birdies and 14 pars for a score of 68. Weber also had a great round with four birdies and two bogeys that led her to a score of 70. Both players completed the tournament shooting a total three-round score of 216, good enough to be tied for sixth place.
The Canes' next tournament will be in the spring, when they compete in the 2016 UCF Challenge on Feb. 7 in Orlando.


RootDown's Youth Leaders hardly got to rest this summer before we lured them into our new Entrepreneurial Training Program. RootDown's new Program Manager, Master Gardener and part-time Master DJ, Ali Bhai, reports from the business building front!... As one of the newest additions to the RootDown LA team, I am very excited to be co-creating RDLA's Youth Entrepreneurship Training with baker, businesswoman and master gardener, Ledette Gambini.
In partnership with WeCAN's Urban Food Forest, we have developed this training with the goal of teaching our youth leaders about financial literacy, sustainable agriculture, community development, and, of course, building demand for healthy foods in South LA neighborhoods.


A range of international experts participate to support the Intercultural cities programme.
Designing and managing specific projects (eg. awareness campaigns).
UBIQA A group of people. A mobile phone. And a story to tell.


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There's an indie #scifi gold rush going on, but only...
I never understood the cult surrounding Boba Fett, considering how...
Disney owns Star Wars and Marvel Comics. Dark Horse Comics...
Disney owns Star Wars and Marvel Comics. Dark Horse Comics makes Star Wars comics. guess who's making them now?
Disney owns Star Wars and Marvel Comics. Dark Horse Comics makes Star Wars comics. guess who's making them now?
Disney is taking firm control over its Star Wars investment. Not only has it cancelled The Clone Wars TV show and a never-aired animated comedy (which may be a small blessing), but it's also saying bye bye to Dark Horse Comics.
Not coincidentally, Disney owns Marvel Comics so it only makes sense that they tap into that cash cow.
My local library has a ton of the Dark Horse Star Wars editions and they were very good so I, and many other fans, can only hope that Marvel comes close to matching their quality.
More details at http://ow.ly/siMlD.
EC Comics are to be republished by Fantagraphics. Actual comics news from #ComicCon? Who knew? http://ow.ly/5MFnq
Now that Disney owns Star Wars, I wonder if the live-action TV series will ever see the light of day. http://t.co/uYXs4mFgXY
Disney is a promising a new Star Wars film every summer starting in 2015, presumably until the end of time. http://t.co/ScjdiRreQJ
Did the John Carter disaster prompt Disney to buy Star Wars outright rather than try to create their own franchise? http://t.co/I3DSyqWl
For you fanboys that don't normally read Business Week – How Disney Bought Lucasfilm and Its Plans for Star Wars. http://t.co/goHNLteTVB
Odds and Sodsart, Star Wars
An impressionist view of Star Wars
TelevisionStar Wars
Lucy Lawless not happy with fan campaign
GamesStar Wars
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic is getting a remake for PS5
TelevisionStar Wars, The Mandalorian
It turns out The Mandalorian is enjoyed by dogs
MoviesStar Wars
This might be the unlikely real-life inspiration for the Star Wars Sandcrawlers
Star Wars Obi-Wan Kenobi TV series adds 10 names to its cast
Moviesfandom, Star Wars, The Mandalorian
Star Wars fans in Siberia have built a replica of the spaceship from The #Mandalorian.
Moviesfunny, Star Wars
Enjoy this true oral history of C-3PO's penis.
If you've topped your Christmas tree 🌲 with Baby Yoda, then you're not alone.


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Horror Stars Brave COVID for Houston Pop Up Event
New Year Resolution? Remember Weight Loss Does Not Equal Wellness
Documentary, Collage and Music
| Film and TV |
Chris Becker | March 23, 2011 | 12:37pm
Contemporary photographer Joseph Mills utilizes a combination of documentary and collage techniques to realize his surreal street-level images. A handful of photographs recently on display at the Museum of Fine Arts Houston include images from his "Inner City" project presenting documentation and visually poetic interpretation of street life and street people in Washington D.C. circa the late 1980s. At that time, like many of the subjects of these photos, Mills was struggling with mental illness. Looking at his work, sometimes subtle, sometimes jarring collages of photographs mounted on aged paper or found objects, you get the unnerving feeling of being unable to determine with your own eyes what is "real" and what isn't. Mills' "Inner City" series is an extension of his earlier, and more extreme, surreal creations (like the untitled image of a boy with steam blasting out of his ears) that call to mind the work of Max Ernst or Alexander Rodchenko.
According to at least one interview, Mills has explored creating experimental music using the electric guitar and a multi-track recorder. This inspired us to consider a few surreal works for sound and music that similarly combine documentary and collage techniques.
Étude au chemin du fer
Pierre Schaeffer's Étude au chemin du fer (Railway Étude) (1948) may be the first example of musique concrète, a technique of composition consisting entirely of taped sound cut and edited by hand. Sounds used in the early days of this music were considered to be "concrete" sounds which even if clearly identifiable by the casual listener, could be transformed through cuts and splices into something more abstract. But when you hear a train whistle, it sounds like a train whistle, right? No matter the extent of your life experience, you will react emotionally and intellectually to a "concrete" sound not as an abstraction, but as something, recognizable. Even if it's been cut up, rearranged, and/or reversed.
Place Des Abbesses
Realized in 1977 by French composer Luc Ferrari, the tape piece Place Des Abbesses is a "portrait" of a place and people uses documentary techniques, but is meant to be "evocative rather than descriptive." Quiet and heavily delayed voices appear in sections of this nearly 25 minute piece. But Ferrari mainly uses wind instruments, hand percussion, and keyboards to present his impression of a small square located between "the Sacred Heart of God and Saints, and the Pigalle of licentiousness and sex." In Place Des Abbesses, Ferrari's homemade and somewhat primitive Paris studio is itself a part of the poetry of the music. The relatively antiquated quality of Place... as well as Étude au chemin du fer bring to mind the contemporary aesthetic found in hip-hop and artists such as PJ Harvey or Tom Waits that embraces distressed, damaged, and otherwise aged fidelity.
Knuckleheadz
Probably no other hip hop group has done more to embrace the techniques of documentation, collage and surrealism than Staton Island's Wu-Tang Clan. On RZA (real name Robert Diggs) produced masterpieces "Enter The Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)" and Raekwon's "Only Built For Cuban Linx..." improvised and scripted dialogue as well as sampled dialogue from Kung Fu and Italian gangster films introduce and segue the tracks as they are an integral part of rapping and music. Throughout RZA's productions, what is real, memory, dream, hallucination, or just on late night TV after everyone has passed out, is combined and recombined with the same poetic license exercised in any other artistic medium.
A friendly argument, gunshots, and an eventual car crash are all components to the mix that is Knuckleheadz. Listening to this track can be as unnerving and as disorienting an experience as viewing a Joseph Mills photograph. (Although when the bassline drops at 0:15 into the track, you'll probably start bobbing your head.)
Knuckleheadz from "Only Built For Cuban Linx..."
Best Virtual Bets: Big Bands, Vaccines, and Drowning Girls
WandaVision Wrestles With Our Expectations for...


You will easily browse a person by using Facebook individuals search.You can search people by simply entering their name into search box.
Follow the actions provided below to discover people on Facebook.
Step 1: First, most likely to the Facebook People Browse by clicking here. You can see a search box and also it is for enter name of person which you are seeking.
Step 2: You could additionally see alphabets on same page and also alphabets can be utilized to locate popular profiles as you can't locate a normal individual utilizing them.
Step 3: Kind the name of the individual which you are searching for right into the search box.Then, click the search switch right alongside the field.
Step 4: You could see a page with accounts which match with your search term.Sometimes you can see as much as 10 profiles which match to your search term and also some you will certainly get greater than 10 profiles.If you don't obtain precise person you are searching for, after that simply repeat same search process after adding the academic credentials, city or other information you learn about him/ her. It will certainly boost the possibilities of solving result you want.
In case you intend to look for pages/places or subjects then Facebook directory site is best for it.Go to Facebook directory by visit this site. You can see a search box. There, you can see three tabs including people, web pages as well as areas. Cick on the one tab one tab which you want to search.Then, kind the name as well as click on search.That's all.Her you could browse by numbers 0 to 25 contain non-Latin character names. Unlike Facebook people search, this technique will offer you checklist of matching profile, place or web page which you are looking for.Note: By utilizing Facebook directory site you could browse people or pages who have public search listing readily available on Facebook.
Social searcher is free social networks search engine.When you search name of individuals or trademark name in search box, Social searcher will certainly reveal you all matching accounts with their all recent tasks from various social media sites.
Action 2: You will certainly be supplied with a search box. You don't need to login to social searcher for locate social networks accounts of people.
action 3: Type the name of a person or brand name you wish to find the social media sites profile or web page. After that, struck the go into button.You will get all matching accounts which you are looking.
Hence you could find social networks profiles of individuals making use of social searcher.
Virtually you can Google everything.Like your typical Google search, you could search for individuals or web pages utilizing Google.
Action 2: Type 'site name: facebook first name last name' without quotes. Replace the first name as well as surname with the total name of the person you wish to searching for.
Action 3: Click the Google search switch. You could see the search engine result and of course you will get exactly what you are searching for, as the initial outcome.
If you are clean observer, then you are currently observed it.Facebook profiles have specific format and normally it is like www.facebook.com/sambille.If you understand Facebook username of individual which you want to look for, after that just change sambille with your search term and also paste link in to your web internet browser, where you types internet address as well as hit enter button.That's all.
Thus you can search a person on Facebook without logging in.If you have any kind of concern or you have any other way to find people on Facebook without Logging In to Facebook, after that do not hesitate to comment below.


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Egregious Misconduct Finding as to Inequitable Conduct Not Appropriate as Litigation Misconduct Sanction
By R. David Donoghue on May 20, 2019
Peerless Indus., Inc. v. Crimson AV, LLC, No. 11 C 1768, Slip Op. (N.D. Ill. Nov. 27, 2018) (Lefkow, J.).
After a patent infringement jury trial in June 2016, and a stipulation of judgment and damages in the amount of $40,000, the parties agreed to a stay of execution until Judge Lefkow ruled on all post-trial motions. The Court denied defendant Crimson's Fed. R. Civ. P. 50(a) renewed motion for judgment as a matter of law as to its inequitable conduct defense in this patent dispute regarding mounting brackets for flat-screen televisions.
As an initial matter, Rule 50 did not apply in this instance because Rule 50 applied where no reasonable jury could come to a conclusion. Because the parties had agreed that inequitable conduct was an issue for the judge, not the jury, Rule 50 was inapplicable. Fed. R. Civ. P. 52 governs issued tried to a judge. Because the Court had not yet ruled on the inequitable conduct claim, a Rule 52 motion was also inappropriate.
The Court then issued its findings of fact and conclusions of law regarding the case and inequitable conduct. Of particular note, the Court held as follows:
Crimson's materiality arguments failed because it either did not present evidence or otherwise did not sufficiently support its claims that the allegedly withheld prior art read on the claims.
While the Court held, pursuant to Rule 50(b), that no reasonable jury could have invalidated the patent in suit for failure to disclose its best mode, the Patent Office's best mode standard was lower than the district court's. But Crimson failed to meet even the lower standard.
Crimson did not show affirmative egregious misconduct in withholding the alleged prior art, which would be required absent a showing of materiality, because it did not allege anything "along the lines of the bribery, hush money, or manufactured evidence contemplated in the exception."
Finally, Crimson did not offer sufficient evidence of intent to deceive the Patent Office. The Court could not infer intent from materiality – which it found was not proven. The Court also refused to infer intent based upon litigation misconduct. The case Crimson cited for that proposition actually issued an adverse finding on intent as a discovery sanction, not as a general sanction for litigation misconduct. Additionally, the parties chose to engage in "rancor[ous]" discovery and plaintiff Peerless had already been sanctioned, where appropriate, for discovery abuses and not sanctioned in other discovery disputes. Those issue having already been addressed, further sanctions for those actions were not appropriate.
Having held that there was no inequitable conduct, the Court ordered that final judgment be entered.
Tags: 50(a), 52(b), Crimson AV, Egregious Misconduct, Inequitable Conduct, Lefkow, Materiality, Peerless Industries