Last weekend saw one of the biggest changes we've ever seen to the XM Anomaly format. This new format could theoretically avoid the traditional single team takeovers of every city by allowing a disadvantaged team to throw all their effort into a single strategic measurement and make a comeback, Additionally, two of the challenges relied on the control of a small handful of key portals.
Unfortunately, we didn't see any change in the traditional control of the regions, showing that the Resistance in Asia and Americas and the Enlightened in Europe didn't work with their counterparts in other regions to formulate their strategies.
After the first half of the Recursion Prime anomaly series, the teams are tied with six series points each.
The Resistance won the three points for the Global MU battle by generating over 6.8 billion MU during the day, compared to the Enlightened's 486 million MU.
The Enlightened won in Taichung by 201.8 points. The Resistance scored their best portal control measurement in M1 and their longest link of 3.36 km in M4, but weren't able to establish any periphery fields. The Enlightened scored their longest link path of 24.08 km in the first measurement and their best portal control and periphery field scores in the last measurement.
The Enlightened won in Canberra by 122.2 points. Neither team scored any fields in the first measurement, but that was followed by the Enlightened's best score of 10 fields in M2, when they also scored their best portal control score of 361 points. The Resistance got down to business in the final hour of the day when they scored four fields in both M5 and M8, and earned 109 points in the portal battle and an almost 1 km link path, both in M6.
The Enlightened won in Bangkok by 146 points. The Resistance put all their hard work into M4 where they scored 68 points in the portal battle, held two fields and 1.18 km of links. The Enlightened scored 5.16 km of links in M1, 21 fields in M5 and 138 portal control points in M7.
The Resistance won in Brno by 73 points. The Enlightened spent the first measurement focusing solely on portal control, holding 396 points at the same time the Resistance built their 9 km link chain. The Resistance held 15 fields up for M5 and the Enlightened followed that with eight fields in M6.
The Resistance won Palma de Mallorca by 66.5 points. The Enlightened started the day in the lead by 34.9 points by scoring a 2.56 km long link path in the first measurement beating the Resistance's 2.3 km link path in the final measurement.
The Resistance won in Frankfurt by 108.6 points. The Enlightened scored their best portal control in M1 and established their longest link at 3.98 in M4. The Resistance's longest link was 6.09 km in M2, and while the Enlightened did score two longer links in M4 and M5, the Resistance worked hard to keep their lead. The Resistance controlled all of the portal capture measurements, scoring their highest in M8, and dominated fielding by scoring 43 fields for both M5 and M6 each.
The Enlightened won in Phoenix by 143.8 points. The Resistance scored their best portal control in M7 and their longest link was 1.71 km in M8, but the Enlightened won every measurement in each category. The Enlightened's overall best scores were in M2, where their longest link was 4.24 km, and they established 13 fields and held 424 points worth of portals.
The Enlightened won in Mexico City by 87.3 points. The Resistance fought hard in portal control, winning three of the measurements and scoring their best in M8, while the Enlightened scored their best portal control in M6 and controlled six of the measurements. In fielding, the teams were head-to-head until M4, where the Resistance scored four fields, making it one of their best measurements for fielding. However, the Enlightened took full control of each fielding measurement past M4 and scored the highest amount of fields in both M8 and M9. The Resistance pulled out their best link in M9, with a length of 2.34 km, and the Enlightened scored their longest link at 3.22 km in M3.
The Enlightened won in Minneapolis by 151.2 points. The Resistance scored their best portal control and longest link of 1.87 km in M9, while the Enlightened scored their longest link of 6.06 km in M7 and best portal control in M6. M5 was both the Resistance and Enlightened's highest scoring in fields, with the Resistance scoring three fields and the Enlightened scoring five. The Enlightened controlled almost every measurement in each category, only tying once with the Resistance in M8 when both scored two fields each.
We hope you all enjoyed the new anomaly format and new scorecards. Let us know what you think in the comments below.
Stay tuned to Fev Games over the coming weeks for some Ingress FS fourth birthday news!
The post Recursion Prime Day 1 Anomaly Results appeared first on Fev Games.


text:
Words of Wisdom — April 2, 2015
Dorothy Parker on the Difference Between Wit and Wisecracking
"There's a hell of a distance between wisecracking and wit. Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words."
Copy a link to the article entitled http://Dorothy%20Parker%20on%20the%20Difference%20Between%20Wit%20and%20Wisecracking
Share Dorothy Parker on the Difference Between Wit and Wisecracking on Facebook
Share Dorothy Parker on the Difference Between Wit and Wisecracking on Twitter
Share Dorothy Parker on the Difference Between Wit and Wisecracking on LinkedIn
Dorothy Parker (1893-1967) was an American writer known mostly for her biting wit as well as for being a founding member of the Algonquin Round Table. Parker's work, which often played with themes of 20th-century urban life, was featured in publications such as The New Yorker and Vanity Fair. Parker later moved to Hollywood to pursue screenwriting. She had been nominated for two Academy Awards before her political leanings led to her blacklisting.
"There's a hell of a distance between wisecracking and wit. Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words."
Source: Interview, The Paris Review (Summer 1956) [Wikiquote]
Throwback Thursday: The Most Astounding Fact About The Universe
Without this one piece of the puzzle, everything we know falls apart."Is no one inspired by our present picture of the Universe? This value of science remains unsung by singers, […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CCP transforms people's lives every day, by preventing homelessness, strengthening families and promoting independence. But we need your support to help us deliver the gold standard service that each and every one of our clients expects and deserves. You can help us to go the extra mile and make more of a difference to vulnerable children, young people, families and adults.
In memory of Sue Wood in Blackpole ,Worcester.
Keep up the great work! Laura Conor Joe and Ella.


Thinking of purchasing, refinancing, renovating, or investing in property? Contact STCU for help in structuring a commercial real estate loan that will fit your business strategy.
Ask about our competitive rates, modest fees, and creative terms, including 25-year amortization.
With our financing and your business savvy, an STCU commercial real estate loan can turn your vision into reality.
STCU commercial and business services.


text:
Q: asp.net core FileNotFoundException fresh project I just created new asp.net core 1.1 web app, add nuget packages
 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore
 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

and references to my other projects
MySolution.Core
MySolution.Models
MySolution.Utilities

If i keep HomeController as it was created, sample site running fine.
But when I add next code into HomeController
public class HomeController : Controller
{
    private readonly MyRepository _repository;

    public HomeController(MyRepository repository)
    {
        _repository = repository;
    }
    public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
    {
        return View();
    }
}

I getting error on app running:
An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.
FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'MySolution.Models, Version=1.0.0.0,
Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null'. The system cannot find the file specified.

System.Signature.GetSignature(Void* pCorSig, int cCorSig, RuntimeFieldHandleInternal fieldHandle, IRuntimeMethodInfo methodHandle, RuntimeType declaringType)

Models project referencing entity framework package.
How can I fix that error?

A: So it was DI configuration missing.
Use your Startup.cs to configure dependencies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Today, the Florida Supreme Court hears arguments in a case involving a 20-year woman who had preeclampsia when she delivered her son in 2006, and died several days later from complications caused by severe bleeding. The estate of the woman, Michelle McCall, has filed a lawsuit that challenges limits on non-economic damages in medial malpractices cases, the Orlando Sentinel reports.
In McCall's case, a federal judge agreed with the family that Michelle did not receive proper care and awarded her estate $2 million in economic damages; however that amount was cut in half because of the medical malpractice caps.
The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Atlanta that damage limits did not violate the constitution, but explained that the Florida Supreme Court should examine any constitutional issues.
This entry was posted on Thursday, February 9th, 2012 at 8:06 pm and is filed under Medical Malpractice Lawsuits.
breakinglawsuitnews.com disclaimer: This article: Case Challenges Medical Malpractice Limits in Florida was posted on Thursday, February 9th, 2012 at 8:06 pm at breakinglawsuitnews.com and is filed under Medical Malpractice Lawsuits.


text:
COVID-19: THE WAY FORWARD – PART 3
About Brad J. Lamb
Brad Media
Canada's Housing Starts
RESPONSE TO "CANADA'S HOUSING STARTS STAND UP TO REALITY CHECK"
Below is an article published on Thursday, January 10th in the Globe and Mail. It represents an accurate picture of the state of Toronto's new and resale condominium industry. I have been pounding the table expressing exactly this. Yes, sales have slipped. Yes, prices have levelled off or in limited cases slightly decreased. THIS IS TEMPORARY. It is entirely due to the finance department's meddling. Shortly, perhaps in the spring of this year, you will start to see a return to a slowly rising condominium economy. There is no bubble, there is no crash. There is an economic recovery taking place.
Read more about my thoughts in my new newsletter, "The Myth of the Toronto Condo Bubble," coming soon.
Please also read Mr. David Parkinson's article.
Real Estate Business News
Approx 1 min
Approx 11 mins
We now know the mortality rate of COVID-19 is somewhere around 0.1% to 0.2%. This is very similar to the seasonal flu (a study...
Approx 9 mins
CURRENT COVID-19 FACTS. (APRIL 27/20)
2,661 fatalities in Canada 2012 fatalities (79%) in long-term care facilities (with serious pre-existing health issues)
A History of Jim Flaherty
Follow the Discussion on Social Media
Copyright © 2021 Brad J Lamb Realty.	Website Designed & Developed by Ankit Designs.
Sign Up Today To Get Your Free Copy
Mailing List w/ eBook Download
Legal Disclaimer *
By registering, I consent to receiving information electronically (such as email) on the listing/development just highlighted, as well to on latest offers, opportunities, one-of-a-kind listings, invitations to special events, seminars, financing opportunities and, of course, other new and exciting news from Brad J. Lamb Realty Inc. and its affiliates (listed below). I know that I can unsubscribe from receiving communication electronically at any time in the future if I wish.
List of affiliates: Lamb Development Corp., and its developments, King West Financial 778 King St. West. Toronto ON M5V 1N6 | 416.368.5262 | torontocondos.com
Sign Up For Brad's Mailing List


Double-posting, but if anyone likes Tom's vlogs, this last one is pretty special.
(Don't read the comments before you watch).
I feel so dumb, I watched that a few days ago but didn't pick up on that at all. Reading the comments now made me realize that there was something going on.
I was glad for the head's up here! I noticed some unusual things as I watched, but I wouldn't have thought to put them together.
I want to highlight these videos because they're so good. I love Echo, I love them together and I appreciate their dark sillyness a lot.
Pretty suspicious to post this on April 1st but it seems like Last month is indeed over. I totally understand why but it's still very sad. I've enjoyed following along with Tom and the boys for the last few years.
Considering what's going on in the main thread I enjoyed Tom talking about his thoughts for the future and how he's considered stepping away from the internet. It's still not a conversation I think is owed us as an audience but I appreciate his honesty and hearing his thought process around his work. Idk, I'd like to hear what others think of it.
A bit of an odd question, but as a very casual tomska viewer I wouldn't know - does anyone have receipts of some kind of impression of him working with IRL for merch? If there isn't, that's chill, but it would be interesting to have that documented in one place if anyone has any idea!
That was a thing for a bit (confusedpanda's post in that thread, if the link is wonky), but then he went with some other company that messed up shipping prices (or something? I remember Tom being pretty frustrated with the launch whenever it finally happened). I mostly just remembered him having the site with IRL, but I don't know if there are more receipts than that (if that even fully counts as a receipt since the sites don't work now lol). I don't recall Tom ever saying anything outright about IRL being an option he was negotiating, though.
So maybe they'll get him yet.
Wow, straight white cis man with influence and platform makes joke that is badly worded in a way that can be misinterpreted by people spreading hateful messages, deletes original joke but reposts as a screenshot for transparency, apologizes, expresses regret, and clarifies his intentions/where his support lies.
Weird how all of that is actually possible and doesn't even seem that hard to do.


Having failed the cadet's entrance examination for the military, in 1901 William Desmond Taylor emigrated to America where following a mysterious disappearance, he acted in several silent films before turning to directing. He was also president of the Motion Pictures Directors Association and among the films he directed were the world famous, 'Davy Crockett', 'Tom Sawyer', 'Huckleberry Finn', and 'Anne of Green Gables'.
William Desmond Taylor and other Great Irish People are featured in the book Great Irish People - A Dictionary of Irish Biography, which you can buy online here.
This beautiful print of William Desmond Taylor (1872 - 1922) comes in four sizes 12" x 16" or 16" x 20" or 20" x 24" and Poster size 24" x 36" with two different finishes, Gloss or Parchment and will be delivered to your home or business within 14 days. For a small additional charge you can have a short biography of William Desmond Taylor printed beside the portrait.


Description:Beautiful, horny and willing - a perfect combination for some steamy hot lesbian action. And since Linda Sweet and Katy Rose both enjoy playing with their feet, it was a matter of seconds before they get right to the tasty treats. Want to see? Then check them out?


text:
Whitney Houston †48 (1963 - 2012)
Whitney Houston at:
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Whitney Houston, 48, born on August 9, 1963 and passed away on February 11, 2012.
The grave of Whitney Houston. We will remember him forever. Personal death notice and the information about the deceased. [86207039-en]
+ 207 days
Leo (leo)
Newark, New Jersey / United States (us)
Place of death:
Beverly Hills, California / United States (us)
Where Whitney Houston is buried?
Find the grave of Whitney Houston
Locate the grave of Whitney Houston.
How Whitney Houston died?
How to find family and friends of Whitney Houston?
What can I do for Whitney Houston?
Funeral of Whitney Houston
Text: WhitneyHouston
Biography and Life of Whitney Houston
She was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, the Guinness World Records cited her as the most-awarded female act of all time. Her list of awards includes two Emmy Awards, six Grammy Awards, 30 Billboard Music Awards, 22 American Music Awards, among a total of 415 career awards as of 2010. Houston was also one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 170 million albums, singles and videos worldwide and she released seven studio albums and three movie soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification.
Note: Do you have a family photo of Whitney Houston? Consider uploading your photo of Whitney Houston so that your pictures are included in Whitney Houston's genealogy, family trees & family history records. Sysoon enables anyone to create a free online tribute for a much loved relative or friend who has passed away.
A memorial service for Whitney Houston. Information about event on Sysoon. [86207039-en]
Amelia Knaack, Dortha Ratz, Jessie Gregg, Loula Brown, Martin Dano
Public records of Whitney Houston
Find birth, death, cemetery, marriage, divorce and historic vital records of Whitney Houston
Whitney Houston at Archives.com
Whitney Houston at GenealogyBank.com
Whitney Houston at Ancestry.com
Military records of Whitney Houston at Fold3.com
Address and location of Whitney Houston which have been published. Click on the address to view a map.
Whitney Houston was born in Newark, New Jersey, United States.
Whitney Houston died in Beverly Hills, California, United States.
QR Codes for the headstone of Whitney Houston
Sysoon is offering to add a QR code to the headstone of the deceased person. [86207039-en]
QR code for the grave of Whitney Houston
Hashtag: sysoon86207039, memorial86207039, #grave86207039, death, funeral, findagrave, burial, obituary
Memorial of Larry Clapp
Memorial of Stanley Cohen
Memorial of James Henry Cosman
Memorial of Richard Ben Cramer
Memorial of Maria De Fátima Silva De Sequeira Dias


text:
Economic, Social and Political Sciences
Partnerships & enterprise
Our news, events & seminars
HandsOn Thailand
From January until May 2022, Faculty International Office (FIO) has been working very closely with our agent HandsOn Thailand on a Social Media campaign to promote the School of Economics, Social and Political Science (ESPS), Southampton School of Mathematics (SMS) and Southampton Business School (SBS).
As part of this campaign, on 17 February 2022 FIO and our former Associated Dean of International (ADI) attended an Alumni session. Dr Rob Angell gave a brief introduction of our Faculty of Social Sciences and Thai Alumni shared their experiences with applicants during and after their time in Southampton.
After this session, FIO organised a multidisciplinary session on 22 March 2022. The session consisted of:
An introductory session about the University, Faculty of Social Sciences & the recent India week by Miriam Gomez Lopez
What makes MSc in Strategic Operations and Supply Chain Management exceptional and a Mini Taster Lecture on: how to achieve carbon neutrality via multi-tier supply chain management by Dr Yu (Jack) Gong
What makes MSc Data and Decision Analytics exceptional and a Mini Taster Lecture on: Optimization in Data Science, by Dr Hou Duo Qi
What makes MSc Finance and Economics exceptional a Mini Taster Lecture on: "Debt, Economic Growth and Pandemics – 21st Century Economics" by Dr Jan Podivinsky
Promotions are still ongoing with HandsOn on their Social Media platforms and we look forward to meeting those Thai Students that will join us in September!
To find more information about HandsOn Education Consultants - Thailand, visit: https://www.hands-on.co.th/en/
To find more information about the campaign & session, visit:
https://www.facebook.com/HandsOnEdu/posts/5250074668378555
https://twitter.com/HandsOn_Edu/status/1498892210968100866
https://www.instagram.com/p/CaluBkrLkh2/
https://www.hands-on.co.th/en/events/university-of-southampton-march-2022/
If your School/Programme would like to be involved in future promotion in Thailand, please email: fss-international@soton.ac.uk
Share this article Share this on Facebook Share this on Twitter Share this on Weibo


This 50" cast iron garden bench is a great place to sit and rest on while enjoying the outdoors.
Distance from armrest to floor: 24.4"
Distance from floor to seat: 15.3"
Made of metal slats, this bench is sturdy yet comfortable enough to relax on in the sun and durable for long life span. The seat is composed of 6 steel slats to provide support while the back is durable cast iron. This bench is a perfect gift to those who want to relax in the garden!
It will bring more convenience to you. Do not hesitate to buy one!
Bought it for a smaller patio. Solid construction. Simple to build. Looks good.
Beautiful bench. It was a cinch to put together. It took about 20 minutes at the most for my husband and I to put it together. Not a 2 man job but sure made it easy to have one person holding the pieces and the other assembling. We don't sit on it much but we have. It is in front of our house and adds a nice touch to the house.


At West Green Primary we follow the National Curriculum.
We offer a curriculum which is balanced and broadly based and which promotes the spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical development of pupils at the school and of society, and prepares pupils for the opportunities, responsibilities and experiences of later life. We work to get the best from every pupil.
All state schools are also required to make provision for a daily act of collective worship and must teach religious education to pupils at every key stage.
All schools also make provision for personal, social, health and economic education (PSHE).
The national curriculum provides pupils with an introduction to the essential knowledge that they need to be educated citizens.
Ther core subjects taught are; English, Mathematics, and Science. Foundation subjects taught include; Art and design, Computing, Design and technology, Languages (Years 3-6), Geography, History, Music, and Physical education. Additional subjects are RE and PSHE.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.codepipeline.model;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.annotation.Generated;

import com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest;

/**
 *
 * @see AWS
 *      API Documentation
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class ListActionExecutionsRequest extends com.amazonaws.AmazonWebServiceRequest implements Serializable, Cloneable {

    /**
     *

     * The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     *

     */
    private String pipelineName;
    /**
     *

     * Input information used to filter action execution history.
     *

     */
    private ActionExecutionFilter filter;
    /**
     *

     * The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another call
     * with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on action
     * execution start times. Default value is 100.
     *

     * <note>
     *

     * Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     * </note>
     */
    private Integer maxResults;
    /**
     *

     * The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to return
     * the next set of action executions in the list.
     *

     */
    private String nextToken;

    /**
     *

     * The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @param pipelineName
     *        The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     */

    public void setPipelineName(String pipelineName) {
        this.pipelineName = pipelineName;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @return The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     */

    public String getPipelineName() {
        return this.pipelineName;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @param pipelineName
     *        The name of the pipeline for which you want to list action execution history.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public ListActionExecutionsRequest withPipelineName(String pipelineName) {
        setPipelineName(pipelineName);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * Input information used to filter action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @param filter
     *        Input information used to filter action execution history.
     */

    public void setFilter(ActionExecutionFilter filter) {
        this.filter = filter;
    }

    /**
     *

     * Input information used to filter action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @return Input information used to filter action execution history.
     */

    public ActionExecutionFilter getFilter() {
        return this.filter;
    }

    /**
     *

     * Input information used to filter action execution history.
     *

     *
     * @param filter
     *        Input information used to filter action execution history.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public ListActionExecutionsRequest withFilter(ActionExecutionFilter filter) {
        setFilter(filter);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another call
     * with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on action
     * execution start times. Default value is 100.
     *

     * <note>
     *

     * Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     * </note>
     *
     * @param maxResults
     *        The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another
     *        call with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on
     *        action execution start times. Default value is 100.
 <note>
     *

     *        Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     */

    public void setMaxResults(Integer maxResults) {
        this.maxResults = maxResults;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another call
     * with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on action
     * execution start times. Default value is 100.
     *

     * <note>
     *

     * Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     * </note>
     *
     * @return The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another
     *         call with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based
     *         on action execution start times. Default value is 100.
 <note>
     *

     *         Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     */

    public Integer getMaxResults() {
        return this.maxResults;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another call
     * with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on action
     * execution start times. Default value is 100.
     *

     * <note>
     *

     * Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     * </note>
     *
     * @param maxResults
     *        The maximum number of results to return in a single call. To retrieve the remaining results, make another
     *        call with the returned nextToken value. Action execution history is retained for up to 12 months, based on
     *        action execution start times. Default value is 100.
 <note>
     *

     *        Detailed execution history is available for executions run on or after February 21, 2019.
     *

     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public ListActionExecutionsRequest withMaxResults(Integer maxResults) {
        setMaxResults(maxResults);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to return
     * the next set of action executions in the list.
     *

     *
     * @param nextToken
     *        The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to
     *        return the next set of action executions in the list.
     */

    public void setNextToken(String nextToken) {
        this.nextToken = nextToken;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to return
     * the next set of action executions in the list.
     *

     *
     * @return The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used
     *         to return the next set of action executions in the list.
     */

    public String getNextToken() {
        return this.nextToken;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to return
     * the next set of action executions in the list.
     *

     *
     * @param nextToken
     *        The token that was returned from the previous ListActionExecutions call, which can be used to
     *        return the next set of action executions in the list.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     */

    public ListActionExecutionsRequest withNextToken(String nextToken) {
        setNextToken(nextToken);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object. This is useful for testing and debugging. Sensitive data will be
     * redacted from this string using a placeholder value.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (getPipelineName() != null)
            sb.append("PipelineName: ").append(getPipelineName()).append(",");
        if (getFilter() != null)
            sb.append("Filter: ").append(getFilter()).append(",");
        if (getMaxResults() != null)
            sb.append("MaxResults: ").append(getMaxResults()).append(",");
        if (getNextToken() != null)
            sb.append("NextToken: ").append(getNextToken());
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;

        if (obj instanceof ListActionExecutionsRequest == false)
            return false;
        ListActionExecutionsRequest other = (ListActionExecutionsRequest) obj;
        if (other.getPipelineName() == null ^ this.getPipelineName() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getPipelineName() != null && other.getPipelineName().equals(this.getPipelineName()) == false)
            return false;
        if (other.getFilter() == null ^ this.getFilter() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getFilter() != null && other.getFilter().equals(this.getFilter()) == false)
            return false;
        if (other.getMaxResults() == null ^ this.getMaxResults() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getMaxResults() != null && other.getMaxResults().equals(this.getMaxResults()) == false)
            return false;
        if (other.getNextToken() == null ^ this.getNextToken() == null)
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


CHAMPAIGN, Ill. – For the first time in school history, Illinois volleyball is ranked number one in the AVCA Coaches poll. The Illini, one of just three undefeated teams left in the nation, moved up two spots following weekend victories at No. 9Minnesota and Wisconsin.
Illinois, who is off to its second best start to a season in school history, received 55 of a possible 60 first-place votes with Pacific-12 teams occupying spots 2-6 and three other Big Ten teams among the top 10. UCLA, Washington, California and USC are in spots 2-5 with each receiving at least one first-place vote. The rest of the top 10 includes Stanford, Nebraska, Texas, Penn State and Minnesota.
A total of seven Big Ten teams remain in the top 25, including Purdue, who at No. 12, is the other unbeaten team left in the rankings. The Fighting Illini and Boilermakers square off on Saturday night at Huff Hall in Champaign. The Illini have their conference home opener on Friday night vs. Indiana (8-6). Michigan checks in at No. 17 in this week's rankings while Ohio State is at No. 24. Non-conference opponents Dayton and Louisville are among those receiving votes.
Prior to this week, the Illini's top ranking came in the 1988 preseason poll where they started the year at No. 2. Illinois is among the top three for three straight weeks, marking the first time in school history that Illinois has spent multiple weeks in the top three in a season in school history.
Illinois outside hitter Michelle Bartsch was named the Big Ten co-Player of the Week following her performances over the weekend. This is the second such honor this season for the senior from Maryville, Ill. Bartsch had a pair of double-doubles with 23 kills and 10 digs in a five-set victory at No. 9 Minnesota and 10 kills and 10 digs in a three-set triumph at Wisconsin. She ranks sixth in the Big Ten in kills at 4.06 per set and 10th in the league in digs at 3.41 per set. Bartsch shares the honor with Gina Mancuso of Nebraska.
Junior middle blocker Erin Johnson was named the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week. Johnson hit .435 with 11 kills and a career-high 10 blocks in the win over Minnesota and earns the honor for the first time in her career. Johnson ranks third in the conference in hitting percentage at .408, which is on pace to rank among the best in school history for a single season.


HARC, with Galveston Bay Foundation, informs the public on Vibrio vulnificus.
Article originally written by Galveston Bay Foundation's Scott Jones, Director of Advocacy in August 2015.
HARC and its partner, the Galveston Bay Foundation, revisit the 2015 topic of Vibrio vulnificus, the bacterium causing illness and incidents of "flesh eating bacteria" in Galveston Bay. This updated article includes new data on the number of reported illnesses in the Houston-Galveston region from 2001-2015.
Chart showing historic record of reported cases of Vibrio vulnificus in the seven-county area surrounding the Bay since 2001. Note: Texas Department of State Health Services data compiled by our partner, Houston Advanced Research Center, provides counts based on the residence of person affected, not the origin of infection.
According to the Texas Department of State Health Services, the number of illnesses annually reported inVibrio_Graphic Texas over the last 10 years is low (15 to 30 cases per year). Based on the relatively small number of reported illnesses, it would appear that the vast majority of people do not suffer ill health effects from coming in contact with the bacteria. Those who do become infected by Vibrio vulnificus often have pre-existing health issues, such as a compromised immune system, that make them susceptible to infection.


text:
OtherBasic Science Investigations
U-SPECT-I: A Novel System for Submillimeter-Resolution Tomography with Radiolabeled Molecules in Mice
Freek J. Beekman, Frans van der Have, Brendan Vastenhouw, Annemarie J.A. van der Linden, Peter P. van Rijk, J. Peter H. Burbach and Marten P. Smidt
Journal of Nuclear Medicine July 2005, 46 (7) 1194-1200;
Freek J. Beekman
Frans van der Have
Brendan Vastenhouw
Annemarie J.A. van der Linden
Peter P. van Rijk
J. Peter H. Burbach
Marten P. Smidt
A major advance in biomedical science and diagnosis was accomplished with the development of in vivo techniques to image radiolabeled molecules, but limited spatial resolution has slowed down applications to small experimental animals. Here, we present a SPECT system (U-SPECT-I) dedicated to radionuclide imaging of murine organs at a submillimeter resolution. Methods: The high performance of U-SPECT-I is based on a static triangular detector setup, with a cylindric imaging cavity in the center and 75 gold micropinhole apertures in the cavity wall. The pinholes are focused on a small volume of interest such as the mouse heart or spine to maximize the detection yield of γ-photons. Three-dimensional molecular distributions are iteratively estimated using the detector data and a statistical reconstruction algorithm that takes into account system blurring and data noise to increase resolution and reduce image noise. Results: With 0.6-mm-diameter pinholes, the maximum fraction of detected photons emitted by a point source (peak sensitivity) is 0.22% for a 15%-wide energy window and remains higher than 0.12% in the central 12 mm of the central plane. In a resolution phantom, radioactively filled capillaries as small as 0.5 mm and separated by 0.5 mm can be distinguished clearly in reconstructions. Projection data needed for the reconstruction of cross sections of molecular distributions in mouse organs can readily be obtained without the need for any mechanical movements. Images of a mouse spine show 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate uptake down to the level of tiny parts of vertebral processes. These are separated clearly from the vertebral and intervertebral foramina. Using another tracer, one can monitor myocardial perfusion in the left and right ventricular walls, even in structures as small as the papillary muscles. Conclusion: U-SPECT-I allows discrimination between molecular concentrations in adjacent volumes of as small as about 0.1 μL, which is significantly smaller than can be imaged by any existing SPECT or PET system. Our initial in vivo images of the mouse heart and spine show that U-SPECT-I can be used for novel applications in the study of dynamic biologic systems with a clear projection to clinical applications. The combination of high resolution and detection efficiency of U-SPECT-I opens up new possibilities for the suborgan-level study of radiotracers in mouse models.
Dedicated SPECT and PET instruments (1) in concert with the radiolabeling of small molecules, antibodies, peptides, and probes for gene expression have facilitated in vivo assessment of molecular mechanisms and the development of new tracers and pharmaceuticals (2–6). Recent developments in this multidisciplinary field of molecular imaging have initiated a revolution in biomedical sciences. A bottleneck in the assessment of molecular mechanisms at the suborgan scale is the limited spatial resolution of available SPECT and PET instruments. In practice, the resolution in living animals is presently limited to tissue volumes of about 1 μL (e.g., (7)) but is often an order of magnitude larger. The increasing availability of genetically modified mice as models for human disease prompts studies with SPECT and PET. However, improving image resolution and dynamic capabilities is essential to fully exploit the disease models and tracers available.
SPECT systems using pinhole apertures permit radiolabeled molecular distributions to be imaged in vivo in small animals. Several pinhole-SPECT systems have been designed and constructed in recent years (8–14). In addition to SPECT systems, dedicated small-animal PET systems have been devised for the imaging of radiolabeled molecules (15). The applications of SPECT and PET partly overlap and often are complementary. The method used for a particular application depends on factors such as equipment costs, infrastructure, required resolution, and counting sensitivity and also is influenced by logistics, costs, and the availability of the specific radiomolecules required.
With micropinhole radionuclide imaging, it becomes possible to obtain high-spatial-resolution projection data, particularly for small organs that can be positioned near the pinhole. For example, a study has shown that the thyroid of a living mouse (typical size, 1 × 1 mm) can be imaged at a resolution of as good as 0.2 mm using planar pinhole cameras (16). However, a drawback of contemporary pinhole SPECT, compared with PET, is the limited ability to detect a good fraction of the emitted γ-photons. This counting sensitivity decreases further when smaller pinholes are used to increase image resolution. With low counting sensitivity, the high-resolution information content of projection data cannot be fully exploited since reconstructed volumes calculated from these projections tend to be noisy and visual interpretation is possible only after resolution-degrading smoothing operations. These often result in a resolution that is significantly worse than that of images obtained with small-animal PET.
The goal of the present paper is the launching of a dedicated mouse SPECT system (U-SPECT-I), developed at University Medical Center Utrecht, that defines a new front line of small-animal SPECT characteristics through a design that enables one to exploit the high-resolution content of pinhole projection data. U-SPECT-I is stationary in the sense that there is no need for moving any of the parts, such as the detector and the collimator, or the animal. The resultant advantages include system stability, simplicity of system design, the flexibility of performing dynamic studies with any frame-time (14,17,18), and ease of animal handling and positioning. In addition, U-SPECT-I is designed such that all pinholes focus on a small area. In this way, a specific object area is adequately magnified on the detector plane, whereas only a limited part of the detector surface available is required for creating each mini camera. The use of all these independent mini cameras together results in a significantly higher sensitivity, thus overcoming a fundamental problem of micropinhole imaging. The system is based on conventional scintillation γ-cameras that are part of a clinical SPECT system (Prism 3000 S; Picker Medical Systems) and has the flexibility to be switched back rapidly to the original clinical imaging setup. Validation of the system design and its outstanding imaging characteristics is demonstrated through imaging of specific phantoms and mouse organs.
In this section, we describe the U-SPECT-I system geometry (composition and positioning of pinholes and detectors), the image reconstruction methods, the physical phantom experiments, and the animal experiments that proved the system performance.
Pinhole Design and Geometry of U-SPECT-I
Figure 1A shows an overview of the U-SPECT-I system, in which the detectors of a triple-head SPECT system (with clinical collimators removed) are used as a detector ring. A cylinder with 75 gold pinholes is placed in the center (Figs. 1B and 1C). The pinhole apertures are placed in a 5-fold ring geometry, with each ring containing 15 pinhole apertures. Compared with commonly used lead or tungsten, the gold pinhole apertures have high-photon-stopping power, thus reducing blurring caused by radiation penetration and scattering in the aperture edge material (19). In contrast to the earlier-proposed depleted uranium, which has an even better stopping power, gold pinholes can be manufactured quite easily in high quantities and are not radioactive or poisonous. The high-photon-counting sensitivity obtained with the large number of pinholes can be traded for increased image resolution by the use of relatively small pinholes (0.6-mm diameter). The pinholes have knife edges and an opening angle of 30°, with shielding placed in such a way that projections do not overlap (Fig. 2A). The shielding consists of a lead tube with square holes defining the edges of the projections (Fig. 2B).
(A) Overview of U-SPECT-I system. Triangular lead shielding is placed between camera heads of triple-detector system, tungsten cylinder containing pinholes being centered within the 3 detectors. x,y,z stage with attached bed, placed in front of lower detector, is also visible. (B) Cylinder with 75 gold pinhole apertures that are focused on its center. (C) Cross section of cylinder with tilted pinholes.
Illustration of highly focusing pinhole geometry of U-SPECT-I. (A) Cross section through 1 of 5 rings with pinholes. Lines emerging from central circle mark triangular cross sections of beams in which emitted γ-quanta can travel from animal toward detector. Pinholes in all rings focus on center to maximize detection yield. Lead cylinder with square holes shown in gray is placed around tungsten cylinder with pinholes to prevent projection overlap. (B) Radiation intensity on 1 of 3 detectors when a bottle with a 99mTc solution is imaged. Image demonstrates how the large detector is divided into a large number of small subcameras.
A cross section through the detector and the central ring with pinholes is shown in Figure 2A. The edges of the 15 photon beams passing through the 15 pinholes in this ring are indicated by lines that diverge from the individual pinholes toward the detector and toward the center of the cylinder. All pinholes in the various rings focus on the center. The apertures in the outer rings are placed at a wider angle to the transaxial axis. In this way, voxels in the central field of view can be observed via 69 pinholes simultaneously (6 of the 75 pinhole cameras are partly or completely blind because of a missing area of active crystal close to the camera edges in the corners of the triangle). The pinhole positions in adjacent rings are rotated over 8° to increase the variety of angles at which each voxel is observed. The projections of the object area observed by different pinholes do not overlap. Overlap is prevented by placing a lead tube with 75 rectangular holes around the tungsten pinhole cylinder. The diameter of the rings with pinholes is 44 mm when measured at the centers of the pinhole openings. The intrinsic resolution of the γ-cameras was determined to be 3.2 mm in full width at half maximum as measured with a line-shaped beam (140 keV).
Image Reconstruction and Calibration
U-SPECT-I images were reconstructed using 150-iteration maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (20). Point spread functions (PSFs) of the system were used during maximum-likelihood expectation maximization to model the probability that a photon from a certain object position will be detected by a specific detector pixel. PSFs were measured using a 60-MBq point source. The point source was produced from a chromatographic bead, which was approximately 1 voxel. Small amounts (10–15 μL) of concentrated (approximately 4 GBq/mL) pertechnetate were added 10–15 times, and the liquid was evaporated by being heated to about 60° C. The point source was attached to its holder by a fast-curing epoxy resin.
Each PSF is part of the transition matrix, which is stored entirely on disk. Because one considers entire PSFs during reconstruction, instead of assuming a line integral through the center of each pinhole, the effects of blurring due to pinhole diameter and pinhole penetration and of blurring intrinsic to the detector are corrected for during reconstruction. Other advantages of direct measurement of PSFs are that it obviates separate calibration of mechanical (detector and collimator) and electronics offsets and correction of uniformity and linearity.
The measured PSFs over all voxels in the cylinder together represent the entire system matrix needed during iterative reconstruction of the image. A similar method has been used to calibrate the FASTSPECT system of the University of Arizona (18). With the U-SPECT-I system, the voxel size used in reconstructions is small (0.1875 mm). The projection pixel size used for all measurements reported in this paper was 0.898 mm. Because it would be time consuming to separately measure the PSF for each voxel position in the pinhole cylinder, we measured the PSF in a subset of voxels in the object using an x,y,z stage and a grid of 7 × 7 × 11 points with a spacing of 3 mm, 3 mm, and 1.5 mm, respectively. For each measured PSF, we first estimated 3 basic properties: the coordinates of the maximum on the detector, the flux, and the width. Using linear interpolation and extrapolation, we estimated and stored the properties of the missing PSFs.
Study of System Characteristics
Position-dependent point-source sensitivity in the collimator ring was measured using the same scanning point source as used for system calibration. The sensitivity profiles presented in Figure 3 were acquired over 3 mutually perpendicular axes, each crossing the center of the field of view, and were obtained with a 15% energy window.
Demonstration of high sensitivity of U-SPECT-I. Shown are sensitivity profiles lying along mutually orthogonal lines that cross the center of field of view, obtained with a scanning point source: along x-axis (A), along y-axis (B), and along transaxial axis (z-axis) (C).
A miniature acrylic resolution phantom (Derenzo phantom) was manufactured. It contained 6 sectors, each containing equally sized sets of capillaries (0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0 mm). Each capillary was 10 mm long, the total activity in all capillaries together was 11.1 MBq of 99mTc, and the data acquisition time was 30 min. The distance between the rods equaled the rod diameter. The phantom diameter was 12 mm. The spatial resolution in such phantoms is often defined by the size of capillaries that can be observed separately.
Animal studies were conducted following protocols approved by the Animal Research Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht. Three-month-old C57BL/6JO1aHsd mice (body weight, 25–30 g; Harlan) were anesthetized with a mix of 2.5 mL of Hypnorm (fentanyl, 0.315 mg/mL, and fluanisone, 10 mg/mL; Janssen), 2.5 mL of Dormicum (midazolam, 5 mg/mL; Roche), and 5 mL of Aquadest, administered intraperitoneally, per kilogram of body weight. Thereafter, the radionuclide of interest (0.2-mL solution) was injected into the tail vein. The radionuclides tested were 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) for bone imaging and 99mTc-tetrofosmin for cardiac perfusion imaging. During the entire procedure, animal body temperature was kept at 37°C.
Ultrahigh System Sensitivity and Image Resolution
Sensitivity, here expressed as the percentage of emitted γ-quanta that are detected, depends on the pinhole diameter, the number of pinholes, and the distance of the pinholes to the object (21,22). The peak sensitivity with 0.6-mm pinholes was measured to be 0.22% in the central field of view and remained 0.12% within a central transaxial disk with a 12-mm diameter (Fig. 3). Sensitivities of other small-animal SPECT systems are typically more than an order of magnitude lower when compared at equal geometric system resolution, because of a low number of pinholes or the less-focusing architecture. High sensitivity is crucial to avoid noisy data and therefore to avoid excessive resolution-degrading low-pass filtering for enhancing the appearance of otherwise-noisy reconstructed images. For any pinhole system, the sensitivity can be increased at the cost of system resolution, by enlarging the pinholes.
Imaging of the miniature resolution phantom during 30 min resulted in reconstructions clearly resolving the set of 0.5-mm capillaries (Fig. 4). Even some of the 0.4-mm capillaries could be identified. This result indicates that differences in molecular uptake between tiny neighboring tissue volumes on the order of 0.1 μL can readily be distinguished. Note that the smallest capillaries resolved with state-of-the-art PET scanners are approximately 1 mm (7) when advanced statistical reconstruction is applied.
Demonstration of submillimeter resolution of U-SPECT-I images. (A) Photograph of miniature acrylic resolution phantom with capillaries used as test object. (B) Reconstructed cross-sectional image, with a slice thickness of 0.5 mm, of the phantom shown in A. Half-millimeter capillaries are clearly separated on image.
Ultra-High-Resolution Images of Radiomolecules in Live Mice
To show that highly detailed imaging can be extrapolated from test objects to live animals, we acquired images of mice with 2 different tracers often used in clinical SPECT studies. Figure 5 shows 3 perpendicular cross sections of a myocardial perfusion volume image obtained with 99mTc-tetrofosmin. Myocardial perfusion in both the left and the right ventricular walls is clearly visible. Perfusion in the anterior papillary muscle within the left ventricle was readily distinguished in the short-axis slice (arrow). The level of detail presented here may lead to new experimental opportunities in cardiology.
Mutual perpendicular cross sections through submillimeter-resolution 3-dimensional myocardial perfusion image volume of living mouse (named Animal Co-Image of the Year at the annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Philadelphia, 2004). Image data were acquired during 30 min, starting 30 min after administration of 222 MBq (6 mCi) of 99mTc-tetrofosmin. On left is a short-axis slice showing myocardial perfusion in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) walls. Perfusion in anterior papillary muscle (arrow) can be distinguished from other parts of left ventricular wall. At top right is a vertical long-axis slice; at bottom right, a horizontal long-axis slice.
A second experiment was performed to show bone metabolism within a mouse lumbar spine (Fig. 6). Three 0.25-mm-thick orthogonal slices through the spine are presented. A projection of local image maxima (maximum-intensity projection) and isosurface renderings were calculated from the same reconstructed 3-dimensional tracer distribution. 99mTc-HDP uptake in tiny parts of the individual processes and other tiny vertebral parts was readily visualized. Also, the spaces between and within the vertebrae, intervertebral foramen, and vertebral foramen that do not take up 99mTc-HDP were clearly distinguished from bone tissue, particularly in the isosurface renderings. Because uptake of 99mTc-HDP–like agents is very much influenced by changes in bone remodulation, such as those caused by mechanical strain or tumor growth, the type of detailed imaging shown here may initiate new research opportunities in locomotion, bone, and cancer research.
Different representations of reconstructed image volume of lumbar spine, acquired during 22 min, 2 h after injection of 148 MBq (4 mCi) of 99mTc-HDP. (A) Three different orthogonal cross sections. (B) Projection of local image maxima (far left) and 3 isosurface renderings of tracer concentrations in same spinal section (named Animal Co-Image of the Year at the annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Philadelphia, 2004).
In this paper, we have described a new SPECT system that has a highly focused pinhole architecture resulting in high-resolution molecular imaging. Even with standard detectors with an intrinsic resolution of 3.2 mm, SPECT images with a resolution better than 0.5 mm were obtained, without the optimizing of pinhole diameters. U-SPECT-I, and its successors with an even higher resolution, will allow the 3-dimensional assessment of distributions of a wide range of radiolabeled tracers. Labor-intensive in vitro or ex vivo methods may be replaced in several cases by the imaging of intact animals on the submillimeter level, also allowing for accurate longitudinal study designs, instrumental for development of new diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Importantly, U-SPECT-I allows noninvasive imaging of mice with radionuclides and associated radiomolecules, many of which are already approved for clinical use. On the other hand, novel imaging applications and tracer biology developed in mice can readily be applied to the clinical setting, in which radionuclide imaging methods such as SPECT are already in common use.
The present U-SPECT-I system has an outstanding sensitivity/resolution trade-off, with a field of view that is large enough to cover most essential mouse organs, such as the entire midbrain, the mouse heart, or the lumbar spine. Often only small fields of view are required. The advantage of the focusing setup is that one can acquire many photons from a specific area of interest. As we have shown, this helps to produce a high image resolution. It is possible to extend the field of view without changing the pinhole geometry: The bed has then to be shifted in order to focus the pinholes on different areas of the animal. As a result, the area with highest sensitivity is scanned through the volume of interest in the animal. The most trivial way to extend the field of view is to stitch together the smaller images calculated from separate acquisitions, as is often done in clinical procedures. However, we have devised a more promising solution that consists of a combined reconstruction and acquisition strategy that simultaneously takes into account all projection data from different bed positions and produces the entire image volume from a single reconstruction (23). With this method, it may be possible to extend the useful field of view to the entire central nervous system of a mouse by using no more than 2 bed positions. Positions can be alternated sufficiently rapidly by shifting back and forth the tiny bed instead of the heavy detectors, enabling dynamic studies with an extended field of view.
Another way to extend the field of view of the U-SPECT-I system is to remove the cylindric shielding between the pinholes and the detector (Fig. 2A). As a result, the projections will overlap to a certain extent, the degree of which will depend on the shape of the pinholes, such as the opening angle and type of edge. Systems with overlapping projections (e.g., (12)) have another interesting feature: They can detect a larger fraction of the emitted photons while activity that is concentrated in small areas such as small tumors can still be projected on separate areas on the detector. On the other hand, for the extended distributions that are more common in biology, the overlap of patterns on the detector will lead to significant loss of information about the emission direction of each detected γ-quantum. Whether the increase in detection probability obtained by overlap will compensate for such an information loss strongly depends on the specific distribution of the molecules to be imaged, on the amount of projection overlap, and on the number of detected photons. These will be important factors determining whether the same increase of sensitivity might be better obtained by using larger pinholes instead of more pinholes combined with overlap. Comparisons of the image quality of systems with overlapping projections and with nonoverlapping projections will be a research subject of continuing interest. In addition, several novel (hybrid) projection strategies are currently being developed in our laboratory.
An important cause of the low sensitivity of previously proposed pinhole SPECT systems is that the γ-detection depends on traditional Anger scintillation cameras with a typical intrinsic resolution of approximately 2.0–4.0 mm. Higher-resolution detectors are still extremely expensive if they are required to cover a large area. The problem of limited detector resolution is bypassed with pinhole SPECT, through the application of a significant magnification of the animal via the pinhole on the detector. For adequately magnified projection of a large part of the animal, one needs a large detector surface area. This is why in almost all systems only a few pinhole cameras are placed around the animal; more pinholes would cause overlapping of the projections. With a few pinholes, the resulting bulky cameras need to be rotated to obtain projections at a sufficient number of angles. The required mechanics complicate these SPECT systems and make them difficult to calibrate. In addition, systems requiring detector rotation have only limited flexibility in acquiring and processing dynamic series.
The design of U-SPECT-I allows for stationary acquisition of projection data, similar to the type of acquisitions possible with the FASTSPECT system (18) and PET systems. Together with the high sensitivity achieved with the high number of pinholes, U-SPECT-I will enable researchers to perform dynamic studies on mice, and users will have greater flexibility in choosing frame time a posteriori. Additionally the design, having no moving parts, will reduce maintenance and may simplify system calibration.
Previous simulation studies (14) of stationary small-animal SPECT devices have indicated that the results with higher-resolution detectors will be significantly better than those presented here, that the focused pinhole geometry with nonoverlapping projection views brings us closer to satisfying Orlov's conditions for adequate sampling of data (24) than do traditional pinhole SPECT systems, and that this is important for producing better results than are possible with traditional pinhole SPECT systems that acquire projections over a single orbit.
U-SPECT-I is based on the use of a triangular scintillation detector setup "borrowed" from a system currently in use for routine clinical SPECT. The entire transformation from U-SPECT-I back to the clinical system takes about 10 min, and no extra calibrations are required between the switching from clinical to animal imaging device. Therefore, the U-SPECT-I design is extremely cost-effective and can universally be applied to clinical SPECT systems. Ultimately, however, stationary SPECT systems may comprise a detector ring or a spheric layer (a sphere concluded by 2 planes), approximated by a polygon that is formed by high-resolution detectors, such as in the U-SPECT-III design (14). High-resolution detectors are under development by several groups (e.g., (25–29)). A next step in U-SPECT evolution will be the application of such detectors. U-SPECT-III has already been tested in simulations, but the costs and availability of detectors are restrictive. Simulation results point to marked progress in small-animal SPECT instrumentation over the next couple of years.
U-SPECT-I defines a new front line in small-animal SPECT. It is a fully functional, dedicated small-animal SPECT system with an outstanding volumetric resolution on the order of 0.1 μL. Results indicate that resolution is significantly better with U-SPECT-I than with state-of-the-art small-animal SPECT and PET systems. The system allows for assessing tracer dynamics in suborgans of the living mouse, as was illustrated by in vivo images showing submillimeter details of molecular uptake in the myocardium and vertebrae. The high resolution, high sensitivity, and relatively low hardware costs of U-SPECT-I should now allow detailed molecular imaging to be applied successfully to a wide range of study types, thus creating a broad range of new experimental opportunities. Significant improvements in image quality are expected when the triangular detector setup of U-SPECT-I is replaced by high-resolution detectors.
This work was sponsored by the Medical Council of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, grant 917.36.335. We thank Dr. Lars Furenlid for showing us how to make concentrated point sources and Dr. Simon Cherry for introducing Dr. Freek Beekman to the microimaging world. Gijs van der Wilt, Cees van der Linden, Henk te Biesebeek, Jan Brakkee, and Cora de Bruijn are thanked for technical assistance. Dr. Theo van Walsum is thanked for assistance with image display.
Received Jan. 14, 2005; revision accepted Mar. 21, 2005.
For correspondence or reprints contact: Freek J. Beekman, PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Image Sciences Institute, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room STR 5.203, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, The Netherlands.
E-mail: f.beekman{at}azu.nl
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Beekman FJ, Vastenhouw B, van der Have F. Towards 3D nuclear microscopy using locally focusing many-pinhole SPECT. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International Meeting on Fully Three-Dimensional Image Reconstruction in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Brest, France: Brest University Press; 2004:262–264.
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de Vree GA, Westra AH, Moody I, van der Have F, Ligtvoet CM, Beekman FJ. Photon-counting gamma camera based on an electron-multiplying CCD. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. In press.
You are going to email the following U-SPECT-I: A Novel System for Submillimeter-Resolution Tomography with Radiolabeled Molecules in Mice
Freek J. Beekman, Frans van der Have, Brendan Vastenhouw, Annemarie J.A. van der Linden, Peter P. van Rijk, J. Peter H. Burbach, Marten P. Smidt
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jul 2005, 46 (7) 1194-1200;
The aptabot: an inducibly affinity-switching, minimally invasive in vivo contrast agent
Ultra-High-Sensitivity Submillimeter Mouse SPECT
Imaging Capabilities of the Inveon SPECT System Using Single-and Multipinhole Collimators
Fast Spiral SPECT with Stationary {gamma}-Cameras and Focusing Pinholes
MIRD Pamphlet No. 23: Quantitative SPECT for Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Dosimetry in Internal Radionuclide Therapy
Using the NEMA NU 4 PET Image Quality Phantom in Multipinhole Small-Animal SPECT
Assessing Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Mice with In Vivo Imaging
Small-Animal Molecular Imaging Methods
Recent Advances in Small-Animal Cardiovascular Imaging
U-SPECT-II: An Ultra-High-Resolution Device for Molecular Small-Animal Imaging
A Skew-Slit Collimator for Small-Animal SPECT
Small-Animal SPECT and SPECT/CT: Important Tools for Preclinical Investigation
Virtual-Pinhole PET
SPECT Low-Field MRI System for Small-Animal Imaging
A Feasibility Study of a Prototype PET Insert Device to Convert a General-Purpose Animal PET Scanner to Higher Resolution
Recent Advances in SPECT Imaging
Submillimeter Total-Body Murine Imaging with U-SPECT-I


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text:
Statement by the Executive Secretary of IGAD on the appointment of Rt. Hon. Raila Odinga as the African Union High Representative for Infrastructure Development
21 October 2018, Djibouti, Djibouti: The Executive Secretary of IGAD warmly welcomes the appointment of Rt. Hon. Raila Amollo Odinga as the African Union High Representative for Infrastructure Development by the Chairperson of the African Union (AU) Commission yesterday.
Ambassador (Eng.) Mahboub Maalim, the IGAD Executive Secretary notes the critical role of infrastructure development as a key driver of progress and sustained economic development. In this regard, he acknowledges that the wise leadership, vast experience, knowledge and skills of the former Prime Minister of the Republic of Kenya.
"This will go a long way in mobilizing our collective efforts towards the implementation of PIDA - the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa", states Amb Mahboub, adding that the programme is a key pillar of the AU Agenda 2063.
He also commends the AU Commission Chairperson for his wisdom in establishing this very important office, and in choosing Hon. Odinga as its first occupant.
As the highest performing regional economic community in infrastructure, according to the 2016 Africa Regional Integration Index Report, IGAD stands ready to support the new High Representative in the fulfillment of his mandate.
IGAD will also remain fully engaged and committed to the realization of the continent's massive infrastructure and development needs
Press Statement - IGAD ES Congratulates Hon Odinga.pdf [ ] 124 kB 2018-10-21 08:18
South Sudan Cessation of Hostilities Agreement
Please download the document in PDF


text:
Julie Embleton
Turning Moon Series
Coveted Power
The Dawning
The Veiling
The Claiming
Rogue Assassin
Extras & Tarot
Authors Alike
The Aftermath.
Deleted scene from Bound of the Turning Moon series.
From where he hunkered at the base of a pine tree, Michael Vincent watched as Nyah emerged from the pack house, her feet stumbling over the threshold of her childhood home. Dean was by her side, steadying her shaky steps as she paused on the porch to draw in a breath of composure. Michael knew exactly how she felt; unsure if the weakness in her limbs meant she was about to faint, vomit, or release a never-ending scream of terror. "Take your time," Dean murmured. When her eyes slid shut, Michael's lips parted as if to cry out a warning. There would be nothing in the darkness but violent reminders of what they'd witnessed, but with a slow exhale, she lifted her face to offer Dean a tiny smile of assurance. "I'm okay," she told him. And she would be. Nyah Morgan was the strongest, fiercest she-wolf Michael had ever known.
From the murky streets of Blackwater Ridge, pack members were gathering to form a ragged group on the lawn. Every face held the same expression of disorientation as they woke from their shared nightmare, horror fracturing their voices as they began to mutter to one other. Michael lowered his gaze to avoid their looks. His legs were starting to ache from the cramped position he'd been holding, but feeling the strength of the pine's support against his back was comforting. Since Simon Northfell had vanished and his binding spells had lifted, Michael had fled the house and staggered to a sobbing heap by the tree's roots. There was nothing left in his stomach for ridding, but it had retched against the revulsion of what he'd done for the third time since Dean had freed him from Northfell's hex. Blake's reasoning that Michael wasn't responsible for the deaths of Eddie and Leanne Stone had been pointless. His pleading words were just that; words. The truth of it was that Michael had killed two of his pack members. People could try to soften the violence of his actions by saying Michael wasn't in control, that Northfell had spelled the evil inside him, but the end result was still the same. Eddie was dead. Leanne was dead. Nothing could change that truth.
Michael sank to the ground with a grunt. The entire pack were now standing before the pack house. Nyah was sitting on the grass, Dean by her side, his jacket over her shoulders. To her right, Karen was sipping on a glass of water with Blake hunkered by her knees. "Honestly," she insisted, "I don't remember a thing. I'm okay, really, I am." Wishing he had that luxury, Michael pulled his attention away. If felt so wrong to be here, in the company of his pack. They have should shred him to pieces already, not grant him the space to sit and gather himself. There was nothing left of him to gather anyhow. His mind felt as shattered as his body, almost as if he would disintegrate and vanish into the night air if someone were to land him a hard enough blow.
"Michael?"
Nyah's gentle call made him cringe in shame and he angled himself away, turning to where night beckoned at the forest's edge. His presence here was inappropriate. It was so very wrong for him to be anywhere near these people. With his stomach tightening into another painful clench, Michael clambered to his feet and hurried into the trees.
It was almost dawn when he returned. Michael stepped onto the lawn, shocked to see the pack still sitting in groups on the grass. Remnants of shared food lay around them; plates littered with half-eaten meals, surrounded by flasks and mugs with their dregs gone cold. All that seemed palatable had been alcohol. Empty beer bottles had been collected in a large cardboard box, although a number of whiskey and bourbon bottles were still being passed around.
"Michael—you're back." Blake was the first to see him loitering by the trees. "We've been waiting for you," he said, getting to his feet.
Michael allowed himself to be drawn out of the shadows, but kept his eyes down as he neared his pack.
"We've been talking," Blake began to explain. "And we all agree we need to vote in a new Alpha. We don't—we can't move forward without a leader. We're going to hold a Show of Hands."
Michael nodded. Blake certainly had his vote, there was no question about it. The pack would do well with Blake taking the lead. He'd steer them back to better days.
As Blake moved to the porch and the pack stood, Michael hovered at the rear of the group, close to where the grass gave way to footpath. Nyah was gone, Dean too. He hoped she was on her way to Carter Plains. She needed her mate's strength and support to get through the next few weeks.
Blake's question drew a confident shared agreement from the pack.
"It's been a long time since our pack has held the traditional form of a Show of Hands, but if everyone is still happy to proceed, we'll begin."
From his left, Michael felt the pressure of a stare. Leanne Stone's sister, Maria, was standing beside her husband, her eyes meeting Michael's the second he responded to the pull. It was a quick glance, but he saw enough to know her tightening jaw and watering eyes blamed him entirely. And rightly so, he told himself, flicking his eyes away as he folded his arms and took another step back to widen himself from the group.
"Okay. There's just one nomination. So, I'll get this underway."
Michael dragged his attention to where Blake stood on the porch, readying himself to raise one hand in support of his best friend. Blake hadn't yet made Beta, but he was ready and trusted enough to skip straight to Alpha.
"All those in favour of Michael Vincent leading us as Alpha, raise your hands now."
Michael's shout prompted the entire group to turn and face where he stood. Their hands remained aloft as he stared in horror.
"No," he said again, his hoarse voice cracking against the plea. "This—no, I can't be your Alpha. I—."
"Michael?" Blake came down off the porch steps and the pack parted to allow him through. Hands began to lower. "Why are you saying no?"
"Why am I saying no?" Michael echoed. "Have you forgotten what I've done?"
"That wasn't you, it was—," Blake began.
"The pack doesn't want me. I'm not an Alpha, I never could be. Not now, not . . .ever."
"Hold on a second, we've all discussed this. We've all agreed on you. It's—."
"Michael, wait." Rob, the man who had been Alan's Delta, interrupted Blake from within the group. "We don't hold you responsible for what happened. None of us were in control."
Maria's eyes were quick to slide away when Michael turned to her again. She muttered to her husband and he slid an arm around her shoulder, tugging her into his side. Behind them, Eddie's parents and his younger brother watched. Michael didn't know if they had raised the hands to vote him in as Alpha, but from the hard expressions darkening their faces he guessed not. "I'm not your Alpha," he said, wheeling away. "Pick someone else."
"Michael, stop!" Blake pleaded. "We have to talk about this!"
"What is there to talk about?" Michael spun to yell at Blake. "I am not your Alpha. I never will be! What I did is unforgivable. I shouldn't even be standing amongst you!
The pack loosened. A few came closer to where Blake and Michael faced each other in the middle of the littered street. Others backed off.
"The only thing you should be voting on is who ends my life," Michael ground out. "I took a pack members life, mine is taken in turn; you know the Law."
"You didn't take anyone's life in cold blood," Blake reminded him. "You weren't even conscious. How many times do I have to tell you this!"
"It doesn't matter how you paint over it, Blake. Eddie and Leanne are dead because of me. That's the cold, hard truth."
"Michael," Blake pleaded.
"Maria?" Michael gestured to where Leanne's sister hung back, still in the comfort of her husband's hold. "Do you want me to be your Alpha? And what about you, Charles and Anna? You want the pack member who took your son's life to lead you out of this horror? And you, Russell!" Michael swung his pointing finger to Eddie's brother. "I don't think you want to howl obedience to a wolf like me, do you?"
"I raised my hand," Russell replied. "You were a good friend to Eddie. Never in your right mind would you have hurt him or Leanne. Blake is right; we don't hold you responsible."
"I hold me responsible!" Michael shouted back, thumping one fist to his chest. "And you should all do the same!"
"We want you to lead us," Blake pushed. "Doesn't that tell you enough?"
"It tells me you're fools, because only fools could look past what I've done. I deserve nothing of your trust. Choose another Alpha, it won't be me."
"There is no-one else," Blake argued.
"There's you."
"No." Blake's insistence was as firm as Michael's. "I'm not ready. I don't want it."
"We voted for you, Michael," Rob said.
"We did," another voice agreed.
"And I don't accept! Blake can take care of you. He'll make a fair and trusted Alpha. Choose him."
Before more voices could argue, Michael pushed Blake aside and ran for the forest. A crushing weight bore down and he ripped his shirt open against the pressure, his lungs aching for breath as his heart raced mercilessly in the shrinking cavity of his chest. He morphed into his wolf with an agonised howl, taking a final glance over one shoulder at his pack before diving into the darkness.
Blackwater Ridge remained without an Alpha when Michael left the following afternoon. He waited until the streets were quiet before slipping away, his possessions stuffed into the single duffel bag he had flung into the boot of his jeep. He allowed himself no backward farewell through the rear view mirror as the streets shrank behind him. Instead, he vowed to never return. Life for the pack would be better for his absence, and the sooner they accepted this truth, the better.
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ABSTRACT: In this study, the antioxidant capacity during UV exposure has been investigated by using a laser-based trace gas detector for the detection of gaseous ethylene as an indicator for lipid peroxidation. Biocream was used as a control and ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, phloroglucinol and hydroquinone were added as antioxidants in a mixing concentration of 2.5% (w/w). The experimental results show that there is a decrease in the number of ROS due to the presence of antioxidants, from which ascorbic acid is the most effective. The detection method offers a direct and on-line way to evaluate the capability of antioxidant in reducing the harmful effect of the UV radiation.


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Q: What sort of data is stored in cpu registers I know cpu registers are used for fast access. But could anyone give me an example of the data content stored in? Why these data are so imporant and have to be stored by operating system during context switching?

A: I would place registers in two groups:

*

*System Registers

*Registers that define the process state

System registers do not change with process contexts. Classically, the second group of registers includes:

*

*A processor status register

*General registers

*Memory mapping registers

You seen to be most interested in #2 from the call of your question. For simplicity, I will use the VAX processor as the working example (The Intel Kludge-On-A-Chip is overly complex).
The VAX has 16 32-bit registers (R0 - R15). Some of those registers (R12–R15) have have special purposes:
PC = Program Counter points to the next instruction to execute
SP = Stack pointer points to bottom of the stack for the current mode.
AP = Argument Pointer points to the arguments to a function
FP = Frame Pointer used to restore the stack after a function call completes.
That leaves R0–R11 for general use.
R6-R11 can be used by programmers at will.
R0-R5 can be used by programmers but some instructions change their values.
The registers are 32 bits. They can then store:

*

*One-Byte signed or unsigned integer

*Two-byte signed or unsigned integer

*Four-byte signed or unsigned integer

*Four-byte floating point

You can do something like these:
ADDL3 R0, R1, R2 ; Add contents of R0 and R1 and store the result in R2
ADDF3 R0, R1, R2

In the first case, the processor treats the contents of R0 and R1 as 32-bit signed integers. In the second case, it treats the contents of R0 and R1 as 32-bit floating point values.
The interpretation of the register contents depends upon the instruction being executed. Thus, the two instructions above are likely to store different values in R2, even if they have the same values in R0 and R1.
Larger data types, adjacent registers can be combined.
 ADDD3 R0, R2, R4

This adds the contents of R0/R1, to the contents of R2/R3, and stores the result in R4/R5, treating the contents of all the register pairs as 64-bit floating point values.
You can even do
ADDH3  R0, R4, R8

This adds the contents of R0/R1/R2/R3 to the contents of R4/R5/R6/R7, and stores the result in R8/R9/R10/R11, treating the contents of all the register quads as 128-bit floating point value.
The VAX has character and come complex matching instructions that use R0-R5 for special purposes (such as loop counters). These are instructions with long execution that can be interrupted. Using the registers to maintain the state of the instruction allows the instruction to be restarted midstream when the process is restarted.
Programmers use R0-R5. There is no problem with that as long as you don't use the instructions that disrupt them.
By Convention R0 and R1 are used for function return values.
So these are the kinds of things you do with registers.

A: They are not for fast access. They are the core of the cpu and every operation must be done on them. Cpu can add two numbers after you move them from memory to the registers, for example.