text:
<?php

namespace spec\Knp\FriendlyContexts\Context;

use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping\ClassMetadata;
use Knp\FriendlyContexts\Doctrine\EntityResolver;
use Knp\FriendlyContexts\Utils\Asserter;
use Knp\FriendlyContexts\Utils\TextFormater;
use PhpSpec\ObjectBehavior;
use Prophecy\Argument;

class EntityContextSpec extends ObjectBehavior
{
    /**
     * @param Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface $container
     * @param Doctrine\Common\Persistence\ManagerRegistry $doctrine
     * @param Doctrine\Common\Persistence\ObjectManager $manager
     * @param Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository $repository
     * @param Doctrine\ORM\QueryBuilder $queryBuilder
     * @param Doctrine\ORM\AbstractQuery $query
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Doctrine\EntityResolver $resolver
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Record\Collection\Bag $bag
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Record\Collection $collection
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Record\Record $record1
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Record\Record $record2
     * @param Knp\FriendlyContexts\Utils\Asserter $asserter
     * @param \ReflectionClass $reflectionClass
     **/
    function let($container, $doctrine, $manager, $repository, $queryBuilder, $query, $resolver, $bag, $collection, \ReflectionClass $reflectionClass, $asserter, $record1, $record2, $entity1, $entity2, $entity3)
    {
        $entity1 = 'e1';
        $entity2 = 'e2';
        $entity3 = 'e3';
        $doctrine->getManager()->willReturn($manager);
        $manager->getRepository(Argument::any())->willReturn($repository);
        $repository->createQueryBuilder(Argument::any())->willReturn($queryBuilder);
        $queryBuilder->getQuery()->willReturn($query);
        $queryBuilder->resetDQLParts()->willReturn($queryBuilder);
        $queryBuilder->select('o')->willReturn($queryBuilder);
        $queryBuilder->from(Argument::cetera())->willReturn($queryBuilder);
        $query->getResult()->willReturn([$entity1, $entity2, $entity3]);
        $resolver->resolve($manager, 'entities', Argument::cetera())->willReturn([$reflectionClass]);
        $bag->getCollection(Argument::any())->willReturn($collection);
        $collection->all()->willReturn([$record1, $record2]);
        $collection->attach(Argument::cetera())->willReturn(null);
        $record1->getEntity()->willReturn($entity1);
        $record2->getEntity()->willReturn($entity2);

        $container->has(Argument::any())->willReturn(true);
        $container->get('doctrine')->willReturn($doctrine);
        $container->get('friendly.entity.resolver')->willReturn($resolver);
        $container->get('friendly.entity.resolver')->willReturn($resolver);
        $container->get('friendly.record.bag')->willReturn($bag);
        $container->get('friendly.asserter')->willReturn(new Asserter(new TextFormater));
        $container->hasParameter('friendly.entities.namespaces')->willReturn(true);
        $container->getParameter('friendly.entities.namespaces')->willReturn([]);

        $this->initialize([], $container);
    }

    function it_is_initializable()
    {
        $this->shouldHaveType('Knp\FriendlyContexts\Context\EntityContext');
    }

    function it_should_assert_a_deletion()
    {
        $this->entitiesShouldHaveBeen('no', 'entities', 'deleted')->shouldReturn(null);
        $this->shouldThrow(new \Exception('2 entities should have been deleted, 0 actually', 1))->duringEntitiesShouldHaveBeen('2', 'entities', 'deleted');
    }

    function it_should_assert_a_creation($collection)
    {
        $collection->attach('e1')->shouldNotBeCalled();
        $collection->attach('e2')->shouldNotBeCalled();
        $collection->attach('e3')->shouldBeCalled();

        $this->entitiesShouldHaveBeen('1', 'entities', 'created')->shouldReturn(null);
        $this->shouldThrow(new \Exception('0 entities should have been created, 1 actually', 1))->duringEntitiesShouldHaveBeen('no', 'entities', 'created');
    }

    function it_should_throw_an_exception_if_no_existence(
        EntityResolver $resolver,
        TableNode $tableNode,
        $repository,
        $manager,
        ClassMetadata $metadata
    ) {
        $resolver->resolve(Argument::cetera())->willReturn([$metadata]);
        $metadata->getName()->willReturn("EntityStub");

        $tableNode->getRows()->willReturn(array(
            array('firstName', 'lastName', 'number', 'nullValue'),
            array('John', 'DOE', 0, ''),
        ));

        $manager->getRepository(Argument::any())->willReturn($repository);
        $repository->findOneBy(['firstName' => 'John', 'lastName' => 'DOE', 'number' => 0, 'nullValue' => null])->willReturn(null);

        $this->shouldThrow(new \Exception("There is no object for the following criteria: {\"firstName\":\"John\",\"lastName\":\"DOE\",\"number\":0,\"nullValue\":null}"))->duringExistLikeFollowing(1, "Class", $tableNode);
    }
}

class EntityStub
{
    private $correctProperty;

    private $incorrectProperty;

    public function __construct($correct, $incorrect)
    {
        $this->correctProperty = $correct;
        $this->incorrectProperty = $incorrect;
    }

    public function getCorrectProperty()
    {
        return $this->correctProperty;
    }

    public function getIncorrectProperty()
    {
        return $this->incorrectProperty;
    }
}


text:
Review: Johannes Kallinich Meisterwerk
I've seen a lot of watches. A lot. Some of them are fine, some are good and some are great. The ones that are great are so because they're the cheapest or the best quality or the most complicated or inventive. This watch by master watchmaker Johannes Kallinich isn't necessarily any of those things, yet it is, to me, the best watch I have ever reviewed. Let me explain why.
Several years ago, in 2013, a young watchmaking graduate started his first proper watchmaking job in the sleepy town of Glashütte. His name is the same name you see on the dial of this watch, a watch I first saw proudly posted in a small corner of Reddit a few months ago: Johannes Kallinich. Now, you don't have to be a genius to figure out that today, the date of this review, is 2021, just eight years after Johannes started his first watchmaking job—and herein lies the story that makes this watch so utterly incredible.
Since 2013, Johannes has worked for a little German watchmaker you may have heard of called A. Lange & Söhne. There he did what any junior would do: he made the teas and coffees, fetched the skirting board ladder and ran down to the shops for a long wait. He also assembled watches. The easiest watches, of course, being new. But he didn't stay new for very long.
Just four years later, Johannes was promoted to the Lange 1 department, his knack and enthusiasm propelling him to ever more complicated watches. By the time he was just 24, he was the Lange 1 team leader, in charge of a group of thirteen people assembling one of A. Lange & Söhne's most iconic watches. We still don't need the input of a genius to figure out that something rather unique and special was happening there, a fact that hadn't escaped the attention of A. Lange & Söhne either.
Now, a little about business in Germany. There are certain trades for which you need to become a Master to run your own business. You can't just knock up any old crappy table and sell it like you can in England—you have to be a Master Carpenter. This involves training, examination and qualification, and is a distinct cultural feature that has made German manufacturing so highly prized.
Watchmaking is similar. Whilst the details of the Master qualification are complex and, frankly, boring, it is safe to say that, if you want to make and sell watches—make, as in craft the parts yourself, not just assemble them—you need to be, officially, a Master Watchmaker. In seeing the potential in Johannes, A. Lange & Söhne offered to make him a Master Watchmaker.
Whilst there is a very in-depth theoretical aspect to the Master Watchmaker exams, the ultimate goal is to practically demonstrate watchmaking ability by producing a watch, a Masterpiece—or Meisterwerk, in German. For many if not most budding Master Watchmakers, that entails procuring an existing movement, say, an ETA 6498, and modifying it to add a small complication, like hacking seconds or a date.
Johannes could have done that, taken the easy way out if you like, done the minimum required to pass and carried on. But he didn't. He had an altogether more ambitious idea, and that involved asking A. Lange & Söhne if they wouldn't mind him borrowing their equipment. They said yes. And so began a journey that, quite frankly, you won't believe.
For Johannes, becoming a Master Watchmaker started in 2018 with a decision. He could go the easy way, or he could go the virtually impossible way. And so, with a student copy of Autodesk Inventor loaded onto his laptop, he chose the latter. For that first year, not a single piece of watchmaking was done as Johannes taught himself how to design a watch in CAD from start to finish.
First came the movement. Like other students, Johannes started with an ETA 6498, from which he harvested a few parts like the mainspring barrel, wheels, escapement and balance—parts he'd have need about a million dollars to develop himself—and then promptly threw the rest away. Everything else he designed from scratch.
And he could have quite simply replicated the 6498, but he didn't. He didn't want it to look like an ETA. So that meant moving the mainspring barrel and ratchet system behind the three-quarter plate, which meant separating the winding mechanism into three distinct wheels, which meant thinning the plates and repositioning the hand-setting mechanism in order to make it fit—just so it looked better than an ETA.
But he didn't stop there. Hacking seconds went in, too, a complication that was good enough to pass with alone becoming a footnote in a long list of features that Johannes decided to burden himself with. Then he added eccentric banking pins on the pallet fork for fine adjustment. And then he added a centre second. We'll get to why that's significant in a minute.
With the movement designed a year later, Johannes submitted the data to the machinist producing the blanks for the plates. Johannes said he was sat in the canteen eating his lunch when the machinist entered, that first raw part in hand—and even recalling the story, you can see the emotion he felt then flooding back. Fear, pride, excitement, panic—it hit him then, in that moment, that what he was doing was very real indeed. And that was just step one.
Step two came in the assembly of the watch. Remember that centre second we spoke about? Well, to make it happen, Johannes had to bring a shaft all the way through the middle of the watch—and through both the centre wheel and the hour wheel. This resulted in a week sat at a small lathe set up on his dining room table, turning a shaft with a diameter of just 0.2mm, over and over again until he got it right. Some were too big, some too small, some broke during hardening—it was a case of trying and trying again until he got the perfect result.
And then, when he assembled the movement for the first time, Johannes noticed something: the centre second hand, at its highest and lowest points, fluttered a little back and forth. I've seen that in watches before, and it was almost imperceptible—but Johannes just wasn't happy. And so he developed a mechanism within the centre second train to absorb the slack between the gears by layering one wheel atop another and using a spring to put tension between them, reducing that slack to zero.
Every step for every part carried its own unique challenge. And with all that work behind him, Johannes needed a case to put the watch in and a dial to read the time from—both of which he designed and produced as well. In fact, upon pondering the colour of the dial, his choice was made for him by his frustrated girlfriend who was keen for once to have him put the watch down and go out and do something. I think she made the right choice.
All that was left to do seems like the most daunting task of all: finishing. Finishing is what defines the true masters from everyone else, yet here was something that Johannes taught himself as well, having picked up the skill from his colleagues. He only had one movement, and so, with the engraving of the plates done by a local artisan and the balance cock by a friend, Johannes set about blasting, graining and polishing the entire movement himself. The results, I think you'll agree, speak for themselves.
The unstoppable grit and determination Johannes demonstrated in producing this watch—whilst still maintaining his full-time day job, by the way—put me in mind of other Masters such as François-Paul Journe and Philippe Dufour. Johannes didn't just do what was needed—he went so far beyond that what he has created and the story that goes with it has become the most impressive watchmaking experience I've ever personally encountered. Talking to Johannes you can see and feel the passion he has injected into this watch, and it's absolutely contagious. I asked him why he did what he did, why he set himself such seemingly insurmountable challenges. He said, "People keep asking me why I don't make it easier for myself. They don't understand. I don't want it to be easy."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mathieu Rodrigue join André Rodrigue Peintre Inc proudly representing the 4th generation and also following the family business heritage of his father Daniel, his grandfather André and his great grandfather Bruno. By doing so they want to continue to offer the same excellent and high quality service.
Easy application, easy clean up, no odor, water based.
You can use it as a paint primer under any kind of interior and exterior paint. This product as infinite possibility, works with all kind of steel, metal or iron surfaces even works on body car.
André Rodrigue Peintre Décorateur Inc. emphases the ecological wave. We work closely with our customers and suppliers to adopt methods and use environment friendly products.
In order to offer even more services to our customers, we moved to Boisbriand; which enables us to have more space to carry out a variety of work in our installations. We offer our clients the possibility to carry out work directly on our site such as file cabinets, parts, machineries, metal accessories, public facilities and much more… according to your needs, the possibilities are infinite.


text:
By playing a long game, the Commanders scored big with their rebrand
This article originally appeared in The Drum.
The Washington Football Team finally announced their much-anticipated new name: the Washington Commanders. And from a professional naming perspective, they got this right.
Starting with the name, they landed on a strong one. The word itself is powerful and literally means "one who commands." It's also gender-neutral and culturally neutral, both ideal attributes, especially given the team's culturally insensitive prior name.
The name also anchors the team to its hometown of Washington, D.C. For example, George Washington, for whom D.C. is named, was the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War and later served as our nation's first Commander in Chief. The term "commander" also implicates D.C. as the command center of the country, while carrying military-inspired tone, suggesting the Pentagon.
Most importantly, the new name turns each player into a commander, taking control of the field, dominating their opponents and playing to win. The name "Commanders" sets the brand up to succeed.
It's also important to consider the process by which the franchise arrived at the new name. When the team became the Washington Football Team in 2020, there was some talk of establishing a new moniker immediately. But rushing a name change can lead to, as they say in football, unforced errors. Thankfully, the team's leaders decided to slow down, take time to strategize and run the process with the diligence and thoughtful consideration it deserved.
By taking its time to conduct a legitimate naming process, the team was able to include its fans in a naming contest. Fans submitted over 40,000 ideas. This resulted in a list of 1200 names for the team to consider. Besides generating a rich trove of ideas, including fans in the creative process also made fans feel excited and invested in the process. Often, including constituents in a creative process like naming tends to produce a better response to the final announcement.
The team consulted a wide variety of diverse fans, including Native American leaders, throughout its process of research on the name finalists. Including diverse voices in both the name generation process and the name vetting process is best practice for ensuring a new brand reflects and resonates with a diverse audience.
Perhaps the most important part of any rename or rebrand is the launch. A botched launch can ruin a great name. In this case, the Washington Commanders nailed it. Choosing to announce on a widely popular and friendly outlet like Today was wise as well, as the program reaches a diverse audience beyond sports fans and thereby amplifies the message.
Announcing the full Washington Commanders brand — including the new name, story and visual identity — all at once took the pressure off the name to be all things to all people. The website and social channels were ready to go with a hashtag #takecommand, inviting fans to be a part of the conversation. The brand narrative was delivered in a compelling launch video that brought all fans along on the franchise's journey over the years. The video's narrative ends with the powerful statement from players: "We are… the Commanders!", emphasizing that the brand is changed. The name is in place. The new chapter has begun. The Commanders are here to stay — and they mean business.
The real measure of any rebrand is the reaction from the brand's audience. And thus far, the reactions have been more positive than negative. Again, the positive response may be largely due to the facts that the team took its time and chose to include fans in the naming process. It's common for rebrands and renames to elicit negative commentary. People don't like change, and most people fancy themselves expert namers who think they could've done better. And there will certainly be some of those reactions to the Commanders name. By and large, however, the reception has been solid. I polled several friends before they'd heard about the announcement, and each said, essentially: "Commanders has a nice ring to it."
First the Cleveland Guardians launched a successful rebrand and now the Commanders have followed suit. Perhaps the Kansas City Chiefs will be inspired after seeing their colleagues succeed. But it's important to note that the work isn't done. These name changes are a big step forward in addressing the damage that previous racist names caused. But more must be done to continue to heal and make amends for the 90 years of damage that the previous name inflicted on Native Americans.
Aaron Hall is Group Director of Naming
What is Web3—and why should you care?
What is Web3 — and why should you care? Director of Experience, Amy Chen, unpacks Web3's promises and potential, and what brands should anticipate in 2023.
Amy Chen


We're the food we eat. This can be a popularized phrase which lots of people don't pay focus on. The food we eat determines how much the skin we have is health. If you prefer a youthful and vibrant searching skin then you need to be conscious of the items arrives at your plate. Whatever you eat ultimately becomes not just a part of your internal being but the very fabric of the body.
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text:
The Shutdown, the Boy Scouts, and Justice Ginsburg is Missing (Episode 9)
January 12, 2019 Earl B.
Image credit: FriendlyStock
Welcome, to Episode 9 of the American Culture Podcast! In this episode we discuss five current topics that are shaping American Culture. The topics include (1) What's really going on with the Federal Government shutdown, (2) The death, as we knew it, of the Boy Scouts of America, (3) More news on how poorly we understand the threat posed by increased marijuana use, (4) New California Governor Gavin Newsome can apparently spin straw into gold, and (5) Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's health.
I hope you enjoy this episode of the American Culture Podcast. If you're interested in learning more about our show, we are on the web at AmericanCulturePodcast.com . We are on Facebook at facebook.com/AmericanCulturePodcast/ and on Twitter at handle @AmCulturePod. We now have nearly 13K followers on Twitter!! If you could give us a "like" or "follow" or "re-Tweet" or "share" on Facebook or Twitter, that would be awesome.
Ours is a new podcast, and you can really make a difference and help us grow our audience by subscribing to the American Culture Podcast on the Apple Podcast App, on Stitcher, on google play, or on whatever platform you found us. If you really want to be a superhero, you could go the extra mile and write us a 5-star review. I would be very grateful!
Kavanaugh Lessons, Fooled by Facebook, America Unplugged, and More (Episode 8)
October 9, 2018 Earl B.
Photo by DENNIS COOK/AP/REX/Shutterstock (6415033b)
What lessons should we draw from the ugly Supreme Court confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh? Do conservative voices have an equal right to be heard? Is America really as angry and divided as the media would have us believe? How much #winning has Donald Trump been up to lately? And when will the lawsuits against "Big Marijuana" start? We talk about all that, and more, here on Episode 8 of the American Culture Podcast.
Today I have five current topics to discuss with you that are shaping American Culture. The topics include (1) Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation as a Supreme Court Justice; (2) The campaign to rob conservatives of their voices online; (3) What I saw and learned on my recent travels all across America; (4) More #winning from President Trump; and (5) A disturbing new Marijuana study shows how dangerous it really is for kids. I am so glad you have taken the time to join us!
The Racist NY Times, DiFi's Chi Spy, Everyone is a Nazi (Episode 7)
August 6, 2018 Earl B.
How racist is the New York Times? Have we finally come to the point where everyone is a Nazi? Was Dianne Feinstein a witting, or an unwitting, colluder with communist China for over 20 years? Has Donald Trump already won the dreaded trade war with Europe, without firing a shot? Is there any aspect of your life that Left does not want to control? We talk about all that, and more, here on the American Culture Podcast.
Ours is a new podcast, and you can really make a difference and help us grow our audience by subscribing to the American Culture Podcast on the Apple Podcast App, on Stitcher, on google play, or on whatever platform you found us. If you really want to be a superhero, you could go the extra mile and write us a 5-star review. I would be very grateful.
All content of the American Culture Podcast is copyright by Earl B. and AmericanCulturePodcast.com. The views and opinions of the host and any guests, as expressed on the podcast, are solely those of the speakers and not of any other person or organization.
Note: Feinstein Image courtesy of DonkeyHotey.
(https://www.flickr.com/photos/donkeyhotey/12014969686/).
Virtuous Hillary, Plastic Straws, Road Trips, and More (Episode 6)
July 16, 2018 Earl B.
Are the members of the "Resistance" morally superior to Trump supporters? Will conservatives control the Supreme Court for the next 30 years? Is the electoral college unfair? Is recycling actually bad for the environment? And: Can you feel the call of the open road?
Welcome, to Episode 6 of the American Culture Podcast! In today's episode we have five current topics to discuss with you that are shaping American Culture. The topics include Hillary Clinton's Moral Superiority (NOT!); Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh; The Republican Party's "unearned advantages" according to the New Yorker Magazine; How recycling may actually be hurting our oceans; and the Great American Road Trip. I am so glad you have taken the time to join us!
Note: Hillary Image courtesy of DonkeyHotey.
(https://www.flickr.com/photos/donkeyhotey/17179732078).
Kids in Cages and Democrat Women Who Hate Women (Episode 5)
June 25, 2018 Earl B.
Children at U.S. Border under Obama Administration.
Is Donald Trump a monster keeping children in cages? Is there anyone left out there who really wants a job that can't find one? Which political party is REALLY waging a war on women? Is legalized marijuana a good idea? And is the State of California about to crack up? On this episode of the American Culture Podcast we talk about five current news stories that are shaping American Culture. Topics include (1) Kids in Cages, (2) Jobs, Jobs, Jobs! (3) Democrat Women Who Hate Women, (4) Reefer Madness, (4) The California Crackup, and (5) A bonus item that I'm keeping as a surprise. I am so glad you have taken the time to join us!
American Culture Podcast is Now Available on iTunes, GooglePlay, Stitcher!
March 13, 2018 Earl B.
Major announcement!! After slowly building our website and podcast over the past few months, we hit a major milestone today. The American Culture Podcast is now available on Apple's iTunes and on the Apple Podcasts App, on GooglePlay (for Android users), and on the Stitcher App (an excellent podcast player, and the one I use most). This will greatly increase the visibility of the podcast and make it easier for our listeners to find and enjoy the show on their mobile devices. Here are the details:
Apple users can find our show page in the online iTunes Store at the following link: American Culture Podcast on iTunes . From the iTunes store, the blue "View in iTunes" button will open up our show page inside the iTunes / Apple Podcasts App, and from inside the App you can SUBSCRIBE to our podcast, and also leave a review for the show. I can't stress enough how important 5-star reviews are to making the podcast easier for potential new listeners to find and therefore growing our audience. If you can support the show with a strong review I will be very grateful.
Android users can now find our show on Google Play at the following link: American Culture Podcast at play.google.com. (Google Play doesn't provide an effective way to "review" the podcast, so even if you prefer Android for your podcast listening, taking a moment to look us up on iTunes and write a strong review will be greatly appreciated).
Stitcher fans can find the podcast on the Stitcher website at the following link: American Culture Podcast on Stitcher. At the bottom of that web page you will find the link to give us a rating and a review for Stitcher. The show also pops up pretty quickly on the Stitcher mobile app if you search for "American Culture Podcast."
Update on 3/15/2018:
I just received the notification that the podcast is now available on the TuneIn platform. We can be found on their mobile app via a simple search for "American Culture Podcast", and we are on the TuneIn.com web platform at the following link: American Culture Podcast at TuneIn.com.
I will be copying the above information to our soon-to-be-created "About" page here on the website, so that it will be preserved for future reference. Other listening platforms (TuneIn, Spotify, Podbean, etc…) will also be added over time, and I'll update the information on the "About" page as that happens.
Parkland (Episode 3)
On February 14, 19-year old Nikolas Cruz entered a classroom building at Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, pulled the fire alarm, and in the resulting confusion he proceeded over the course of the next six minutes to shoot and kill 17 persons, which included 14 high school students ranging in ages from 14 to 18 years old, a geography teacher, an assistant football coach, and the school's athletic director. In addition to the dead, 16 other people were wounded or injured in the attack. Cruz used a legally purchased AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle in the slaughter, and much has been written and said in the past few weeks about the shooting, about the multiple failures of school administrators, law enforcement, and others, to prevent the senseless loss of life despite the many, many warning signs that Nikolas Cruz was a tragedy waiting to happen. Much of the vitriol and finger-pointing coming out of the mainstream news media has been directed at the 2nd Amendment of the United States Constitution, at law abiding Americans who own and use personal firearms responsibly, and at the National Rifle Association. The pain and anger over the Parkland shooting are completely understandable and completely appropriate. But is it really productive, or appropriate, to blame the 2nd Amendment and the NRA for what happened? We're going to talk about it, here on the American Culture Podcast.
Trump's Wall (Episode 2)
February 7, 2018 Earl B.
As a candidate, and as President, Donald Trump has said repeatedly that "If you don't have borders, you don't have a country." President Trump campaigned on the promise of building a wall along our border with Mexico, as a means of strengthening enforcement of our immigration laws, and in order to enhance our National Security. We're going to talk about President Trump's Wall, why it is important, and how the promise to build that wall is much more significant than it might appear to be on the surface. Trump's promise of a wall is intertwined with our American Culture and our history as a nation governed by laws, not by men. Trump's Wall actually sits on the active fault line of a true Constitutional crisis. We are in a situation where an elected President is being pilloried by the Democrats and their accomplices in the media for merely trying to do his Constitutional job of seeing that the laws of the land are faithfully executed, where a former President is celebrated for placing himself above the law and NOT enforcing the duly enacted laws. And we have the Democrat minority in Congress willing to shut down the entire Federal government unless the President will break his oath of office and not enforce our immigration laws. This is why President Trump's Wall is so important. It isn't just about bricks and mortar. It's not just a physical barrier to be used as a tool to help strengthen our southern border. That Wall is about our elected Government leaders keeping faith with the American people, it is about re-establishing our commitment to the Rule of Law, and it is about renewing our historical commitment to live as a Nation that is governed by laws, not by men.


text:
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						<input type='hidden' name='action' value='stop'>
						<input type='button' onclick='this.form.submit()' value='stop'>
						</form>	";
        } else {
            echo "Not Running
						<form method='post' action='index.php'>
						<input type='hidden' name='page' value='dashboard'>
						<input type='hidden' name='action' value='start'>
						<input type='button' onclick='this.form.submit()' value='start'>
						</form>	";
        }

        ?>

        Keyword
        Sascha

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Wetlands - Slow Climate Change
WETLANDS SLOW CLIMATE CHANGE
by Gray Merriam
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the inescapable root of climate change. Anything affecting the rate of addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is unquestionably related to climate change.
Wetlands affect the rate of addition of carbon to the atmosphere because wetlands put significant amounts of carbon into long-term storage. This carbon is sequestered by being built into the organic matter that makes up aquatic plants, including algae, and the secondary organic production of tissues in herbivores that eat those plants. When that plant and animal matter dies, much of it sinks into the sediments in the beds of wetlands. The organic compounds containing that carbon do not decompose because they do not have access to oxygen. The water and the mucky sediments seal them away from the oxygen that is required for their decomposition.
Some of this sequestered carbon can get back into the atmosphere by way of chemical changes that do not require oxygen. Some carbon is combined with hydrogen instead of oxygen and this forms methane – one carbon atom combined with four hydrogen atoms – sometimes called marsh gas. Methane can escape to the surface of a wetland and thus into the atmosphere.
So the effect of the wetland on the rate of addition of carbon to the atmosphere depends on the net difference between the carbon that is kept in the sediments minus the carbon that escapes as methane.
For a number of measured temperate wetlands the carbon stored was from 100 to 200 grams of carbon per metre squared per year (g C/m2/y). The escape of methane for those wetlands was from 45 to 55 gC/m2/y. These wetlands were putting into long-term storage about 100g of Carbon per square metre of wetland per year. Each acre of wetland stored about 40.47 Kg of carbon per year.
The Kennebec Wetland Complex in the watershed that feeds Kennebec Lake clearly has an effect on climate change. An example of the services provided by ecosystems to global society.
More information: Mitsch, W. et al. 2013. Landscape Ecology 28: 583-597


text:
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text:
Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis
Masud Seyal, T. A. Pedley
Sensory evoked potentials were obtained in 45 patients with adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis and no clinical evidence of disease outside the spinal cord. Abnormalities in somatosensory evoked potentials documented subclinical dysfunction of the dorsal column-lemniscal system in 17 patients. Stimulation of both upper and lower extremities was necessary to maximize the incidence of abnormal findings. Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 76% of patients with probable multiple sclerosis. Evoked potential studies were normal in patients with motor neuron disease. We conclude that sensory evoked potentials are useful in the evaluation of patients with an undiagnosed progressive myelopathy of late onset.
New York State Journal of Medicine
Spastic Paraparesis
Spinal Cord Diseases
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
Visual Evoked Potentials
Seyal, M., & Pedley, T. A. (1984). Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis. New York State Journal of Medicine, 84(2), 68-71.
Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis. / Seyal, Masud; Pedley, T. A.
In: New York State Journal of Medicine, Vol. 84, No. 2, 1984, p. 68-71.
Seyal, M & Pedley, TA 1984, 'Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis', New York State Journal of Medicine, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 68-71.
Seyal M, Pedley TA. Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis. New York State Journal of Medicine. 1984;84(2):68-71.
Seyal, Masud ; Pedley, T. A. / Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis. In: New York State Journal of Medicine. 1984 ; Vol. 84, No. 2. pp. 68-71.
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title = "Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis",
abstract = "Sensory evoked potentials were obtained in 45 patients with adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis and no clinical evidence of disease outside the spinal cord. Abnormalities in somatosensory evoked potentials documented subclinical dysfunction of the dorsal column-lemniscal system in 17 patients. Stimulation of both upper and lower extremities was necessary to maximize the incidence of abnormal findings. Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 76{\%} of patients with probable multiple sclerosis. Evoked potential studies were normal in patients with motor neuron disease. We conclude that sensory evoked potentials are useful in the evaluation of patients with an undiagnosed progressive myelopathy of late onset.",
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T1 - Sensory evoked potentials in adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis
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AU - Pedley, T. A.
N2 - Sensory evoked potentials were obtained in 45 patients with adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis and no clinical evidence of disease outside the spinal cord. Abnormalities in somatosensory evoked potentials documented subclinical dysfunction of the dorsal column-lemniscal system in 17 patients. Stimulation of both upper and lower extremities was necessary to maximize the incidence of abnormal findings. Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 76% of patients with probable multiple sclerosis. Evoked potential studies were normal in patients with motor neuron disease. We conclude that sensory evoked potentials are useful in the evaluation of patients with an undiagnosed progressive myelopathy of late onset.
AB - Sensory evoked potentials were obtained in 45 patients with adult-onset progressive spastic paraparesis and no clinical evidence of disease outside the spinal cord. Abnormalities in somatosensory evoked potentials documented subclinical dysfunction of the dorsal column-lemniscal system in 17 patients. Stimulation of both upper and lower extremities was necessary to maximize the incidence of abnormal findings. Visual evoked potentials were abnormal in 76% of patients with probable multiple sclerosis. Evoked potential studies were normal in patients with motor neuron disease. We conclude that sensory evoked potentials are useful in the evaluation of patients with an undiagnosed progressive myelopathy of late onset.
JO - New York State Journal of Medicine
JF - New York State Journal of Medicine


text:
Virgin Active Holland Village
118 Holland Avenue, Buona Vista, Singapore
Virgin Active is part of the Virgin Group, founded by Sir Richard Branson. Since opening its first club in the UK in 1999, it has since grown to become the leading international global health club operator with over 1.4 million members and almost 250 clubs spanning four continents and ten countries (South Africa, UK, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, Namibia, Botswana, Thailand and Singapore). Virgin Active's purpose is to make exercise irresistible, by providing its members with leading expertise, superb innovation and the best clubs.
Are you responsible for Virgin Active Holland Village? Claim it
Past events at Virgin Active Holland Village
Rooftop Workouts
Virgin Active Holland Village, Mon Aug 14 2017 – Wed Aug 16 2017
7th Singapore International Chinese Choral Festival
Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre, Tanjong Pagar, Singapore
Sat Jul 27 7:00pm – more dates


text:
The Role of The Trinity Primary Academy School Council
To allow the children at The Trinity Primary Academy to have a voice
To help the school and community be a better place
To help to improve learning in the school
To raise funds for the school
At school council meetings, we decide on the most effective ways to change and improve the school and then talk to the people who can help to make it happen. The school councillors records ideas, from their peers, in school council files, ready to bring to the next School Council meeting for discussion. School councillors regularly share news and information about new initiatives and the important things which are achieved with their classes. We hold school council meetings fortnightly. Together we can help The Trinity Primary Academy to continue to leave, live and grow together.
School council will be made up of representatives from years 1 - 6.
Each year group will elect two representatives, who attend meetings and give feedback.
School Councillor Roles:
Once elected on to School Council as board members, children will be able to apply for specific job roles within the organisation.
These are as follows:
• Chair person
• Vice Chair Person
• Secretary
• Treasurer
• Promotions officer
• Communication / Liaison officer
Job roles and responsibilities will be shared with all School Council members at the beginning of the year.
The School Council Rules are as follows:
All School Council members must:
• be respectful and listen to others
• contribute or participate actively in meetings
• follow the school rules and be role models to other pupils
• model good behaviour at all times
• be polite and courteous to others
• not refer to specific individuals or groups during discussions
• use their position on School Council to support and develop their school and peers and not abuse this position in any way
School council members may be asked to step down from their position if they repeatedly break school rules.
Each member has two chances. Should they lose these two chances, they will be asked by the Chair Person to give up their role and leave.
Meetings: School council will meet every fortnightly on a Monday. These meetings will last a minimum of 20 minutes.
School Councillors for 2018/19 will be shared in Family Worship at the beginning of the year and will also be shared with parents via the school newsletter and website.
School Council visit to Parliament 2019
Whole School Voting Day


text:
Los Angeles Clippers vs. Washington Wizards 11/20/18, Prediction & Odds
Clippers vs. Wizards Prediction
The Los Angeles Clippers will play the second end of a back-to-back tonight in D.C. as they take on the Washington Wizards. Will Los Angeles record the win as the smallest of underdogs?
703 Los Angeles Clippers at 704 Washington Wizards
Capital One Arena at 7PM ET
TV: NBCSWA (WASH)
According to oddsmakers at BetNow.eu, the Wizards are a 1-point favorite on the spread line. The total is set at 230 points. As of Tuesday morning, 66 percent of public bets are coming in on visiting LA. Check out our NBA Public Betting Page for the latest info.
Clippers earn fifth straight win
Los Angeles moved to 11-5 on the season Friday night with its fifth straight victory as it prevailed 127-119 at Atlanta. Montrezl Harrell paced the Clippers with 25 points on 5-of-10 shooting plus 15-of-18 at the free throw line. He also recorded 11 rebounds, five steals and two blocked shots. Tobias Harris had 24 points, eight boards and two blocks. Mike Scott contributed 18 points and seven boards off the bench. Shai Gilgeous-Alexander tallied 16 points plus two rebounds. Lou Williams had 16 points, 11 dimes and seven caroms off the bench. Boban Marjanovich added 12 points in 10 minutes as a reserve. Los Angeles outscored the Hawks 38-23 in the fourth quarter to rally for the win.
Wizards drop second in a row
Washington point guard John Wall was fined this week for reportedly yelling an expletive at practice directed at head coach Scott Brooks. It's been that kind of season for the Wizards as they fell to 5-11 after a 119-109 home loss to Portland Sunday night. Wall paced Washington with 24 points on 10-of-21 shooting plus 3-of-6 from 3-point distance. He added three rebounds, three assists and three blocks. Kelly Oubre Jr. contributed 19 points, four rebounds, four assists and two blocks off the bench. Otto Porter Jr. tallied 13 points, four boards and two assists. Bradley Beal had 12 points, four rebounds and three assists. Tomas Satoransky added 10 points, seven assists and two rebounds. The Wizards trailed 62-41 at halftime and could not climb back in after the break.
The over is 5-0 in the last five Clippers games after scoring 100 or more points in the previous game. The over is 4-0 in the last four LA games after its opponent allows 100 or more points in its previous game.
The Wizards are 0-4 ATS in the last four meetings. The over is 5-1 in the last six meetings.
Los Angeles seems like the right play based on how the two teams are trending, but you never know how a back-to-back might impact things. I'm more interested in the over. Not only has that been the right play more often than not when these two teams have met the last few seasons, but both sides play up-tempo and haven't been very good defensively this season. Additionally, Dwight Howard might miss another game due to injury and he is still a reliable interior defender at his age. This one should be fast and furious with plenty of points scored. Take the over tonight.
NBA DAILY PREDICTION: LOS ANGELES CLIPPERS/WASHINGTON WIZARDS OVER 230


memoir is a remarkable tale of modern migration, overcoming adversity and escaping the hell of war.
I Am Malala and Nujeen: One Girl's Incredible Journey from War-torn Syria in a Wheelchair.
Love Finds You, an office romance.
and a fascinating book about time travel.
QSQT, DDLJ and the cinema of Nasir Husain; a brilliant new novel from Anosh Irani and a book about a fresh new security strategy for India.
army, in a bid to quell an armed rebellion, has fractured people's idea of home and punctuated their days and nights with curfews.
There's a lot going on in Scandinavian crime fiction and we bring you closer to the work of one of the most under-rated names out there: Lars Kepler.
American Crime Story … employees at HarperCollins India tell us what has them hooked after-hours.


The centrally located Hotel Cervantes Paris is just a stone's throw from the nearest bus stop, making it a great choice for those wanting to take in the sights of this romantic city. Plus, anyone wanting to take part in some retail therapy will enjoy the selection of shops found within walking distance. The hotel has a warm and colourful ambiance and the modern guestrooms provide a lovely base to rest your head at the end of a long day of exploring gorgeous Paris.
Whenever you stay at a Happy Culture hotel you are also welcome to enjoy the facilities at any other Happy Culture hotel within the area during your stay. The Sesam Card will be given to you on arrival at the hotel and this is your gateway to the Happy Culture Collection Hotels. Whether you need to re-charge your batteries, drop off your shopping bags, quench your thirst or have a pastry and coffee - each hotel has a different little touch and you are more than welcome to enjoy all the Happy Culture services in each hotel!
3.9km from the Eiffel Tower.
Reception - equipment for hire includes fan. Services available include concierge service and luggage storage.
The rooms are small but clean with everything we required for a city break. The gentleman on the reception was really helpful and all the sights are within walking distance. Great links to the underground and trains.


Cloud Composer is a fully managed workflow orchestration service that empowers you to author, schedule, and monitor pipelines that span across clouds and on-premises data centers. Built on the popular Apache Airflow open source project and operated using the Python programming language, Cloud Composer is free from lock-in and easy to use.
Cloud Composer pipelines are configured as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) using Python, making it easy for users of any experience level to author and schedule a workflow. One-click deployment yields instant access to a rich library of connectors and multiple graphical representations of your workflow in action, increasing pipeline reliability by making troubleshooting easy. Automatic synchronization of your directed acyclic graphs ensures your jobs stay on schedule.
Cloud Composer is deeply integrated within the Google Cloud Platform, giving users the ability to orchestrate their full pipeline. Cloud Composer has robust, built-in integration with many products, including Google BigQuery, Cloud Dataflow, Cloud Dataproc, Cloud Datastore, Cloud Storage, Cloud Pub/Sub, and Cloud ML Engine.
Cloud Composer gives you the ability to connect your pipeline through a single orchestration tool whether your workflow lives on-premises, in multiple clouds, or fully within GCP. The ability to author, schedule, and monitor your workflows in a unified manner means you can break down the silos in your environment and focus less on infrastructure.
Cloud Composer is built on Apache Airflow, the popular open source orchestration tool. This open source project, which Google is contributing back into, provides freedom from lock in for customers as well as integration with a broad number of platforms, which will only expand as the Airflow community grows.
Create workflows that connect data, processing, and services across clouds, giving you a unified data environment.
Ease your transition to the cloud or maintain a hybrid data environment by orchestrating workflows that cross between on-premises and the public cloud.
Leverage existing Python skills to dynamically author and schedule workflows within Cloud Composer.
Cloud Composer's managed nature allows you to focus on authoring, scheduling, and monitoring your workflows as opposed to provisioning resources.
Cloud Composer is built upon Apache Airflow, giving users freedom from lock-in and portability.
Built-in integration with BigQuery, Dataflow, Dataproc, Datastore, Cloud Storage, Pub/Sub, Cloud ML Engine, and more, giving you the ability to orchestrate end-to-end GCP workloads.
Increase reliability of your workflows through easy-to-use charts for monitoring and troubleshooting the root cause of an issue.
"At Blue Apron, our data workflows need to operate flawlessly to enable on-time delivery of perishable food. Cloud Composer helps us orchestrate our pipelines more reliably by allowing us to author, schedule, and monitor our workflows from one place using Python."
Pricing for Cloud Composer is consumption based, so you pay for what you use, as measured by vCPU/hour, GB/month, and GB transferred/month. We have multiple pricing units because Cloud Composer uses several GCP products as building blocks.
Pricing is uniform across all levels of consumption and sustained usage.


text:
Doctoral Research Showcase Free Prize Draw: Terms and Conditions
This document sets out the Terms and Conditions for the Doctoral College Research Showcase Free Prize Draw.
View more corporate information in University of Bath
Doctoral Research Showcase: £40 Amazon Voucher Free Prize Draw
Entrants will have accepted these terms and conditions, and agreed to be bound by them, when entering this promotion.
The free prize draw ("Promotion") is open to student contributors to the Doctoral Research Showcase.
The Promotion does not include entries in the Three Minute Thesis competition or Bake Your Doctorate competition.
Members of staff who are also doctoral students are still eligible in the Promotion.
To take part in the Promotion, the entrant ("Entrant") must be present at the Doctoral Research Showcase on 10 April 2019 (or have agreed a channel to present if unavailable to attend).
There is a maximum of one entry per person.
There will be one winner ("Winner") for this Promotion.
The Winner will be selected at random on 11 April 2019.
The Winner will be notified by email by the Doctoral College on 11 April 2019.
The Winner will win a £40 Amazon voucher ("The Prize").
There is no cash alternative to the Prize.
To claim the Prize, the Winner must respond to the Doctoral College within 7 working days ("Claim Period").
If the Winner does not respond within the Claim Period, the Promoter reserves the right to select another Winner.
The Promoter reserves the right to substitute the Prize for a prize or prizes to the equivalent value.
The Promoters decision is final and binding in all respects on all Entrants. No correspondence will be entered in to.
Entries that do not comply in full with these terms and conditions will be disqualified.
Please note that this Promotion is in no way sponsored or endorsed by Amazon. By entering, you acknowledge that Amazon bears no responsibility for this Promotion.
Entries may be subject to moderation. The Promoter reserves the right to deem an entry to be ineligible should it contain offensive, inappropriate, obscene, unlawful or otherwise objectionable content
Oli Schofield doctoralengagement@bath.ac.uk


And according to latest reports, the makers may have zeroed in on a classic title for the film which will have a Nagarjuna connection.
A multi-starrer with top actors, Akkineni Nagarjuna and Nani, is in the making and after a long time, two top stars of the film industry are collaborating. Directed by Sriram Aditya, the multi-starrer is currently being shot at a studio in Hyderabad. The film is yet to be titled and reportedly, the makers are looking at various titles for the film since it involves two most viable stars in Telugu. And according to latest reports, the makers may have zeroed in on a classic title for the film which will have a Nagarjuna connection. Reports reveal that the makers are considering Devadasu which is the title of yesteryear cult classic starring Nagarjuna's father Akkineni Nageswar Rao. If Devadasu is indeed the title of the film, then the hype around the film would reach the next level since the yesteryear classic was a blockbuster hit.
The film will star Rashmika Mandanna playing the female lead opposite Nani while Malliraava actress Akanksha Singh would be seen playing Nagarjuna's leading lady. The yet untitled film will have Nani playing a doctor while Nagarjuna would be seen playing an underworld don. This will be the first ever collaboration for Nani and Nagarjuna together. The film is being produced by Vyjayanthi Movies and will have music composed by Mani Sharma.


text:
Presentations and poster content from @DanaMLewis at #2018ADA
June 23, 2018 June 25, 2018 by Dana Lewis
As I mentioned, I am honored to have two presentations and a co-authored poster being presented at #2018ADA. As per my usual, I plan to post all content and make it fully available online as the embargo lifts. There will be three sets of content:
Poster 79-LB in Category 12-A 'Detecting Insulin Sensitivity Changes for Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes using "Autosensitivity" from OpenAPS' poster, co-authored by Dana Lewis, Tim Street, Scott Leibrand, and Sayali Phatak.
Content from my presentation Saturday, 'The Data behind DIY Diabetes—Opportunities for Collaboration and Ongoing Research', which is part of the "The Diabetes Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Revolution" Symposium!
Content from my presentation Monday, 'Improvements in A1c and Time-in-Range in DIY Closed-Loop (OpenAPS) Users', co-authored by Dana Lewis, Scott Swain, and Tom Donner.
First up: the autosensitivity poster!
You can find the full write up and content of the autosensitivity poster in a post over on OpenAPS.org. There's also a twitter thread if you'd like to share this poster with others on Twitter or elsewhere.
Summary: we ran autosensitivity retrospectively on the command line to assess patterns of sensitivity changes for 16 individuals who had donated data in the OpenAPS Data Commons. Many had normal distributions of sensitivity, but we found a few people who trended sensitive or resistant, indicating underlying pump settings could likely benefit from a change.
'The Data behind DIY Diabetes—Opportunities for Collaboration and Ongoing Research'
This presentation was a big deal to me, as it was flanked by 3 other excellent presentations on the topic of DIY and diabetes. Jason Wittmer gave a great overview and context setting of DIY diabetes, ranging from DIY remote monitoring and CGM tools all the way to DIY closed loops like OpenAPS. Jason is a dad who created OpenAPS rigs for his son with T1D. Lorenzo Sandini spoke about the clinician's perspective for when patients come into the office with DIY tools. He knows it from both sides – he's using OpenAPS rigs, and also has patients who use OpenAPS. And after my presentation, Joyce Lee also spoke about the overarching landscape of diabetes and the role DIY plays in this emerging technology space.
Why did I present as part of this group today? One of the roles I've taken on in the last few years in the OpenAPS community (among others) is a collaborator and facilitator of research with and about the community. I put together the first outcomes study (see here in JDST or here in a blog post form on OpenAPS.org) in 2016. We presented a poster on Autotune last year at ADA (see here in a blog post form on OpenAPS.org). I've also worked to create and manage the OpenAPS Data Commons, as well as build tools for researchers to use this data, so individuals can easily and anonymously donate their DIY closed loop data for other research projects, lowering the friction and barriers for both patients and researchers. And, I've co-led or led several research projects with the community's data as a result.
My presentation was therefore about setting the stage with background on OpenAPS & how we ended up creating the OpenAPS Data Commons; presenting a selection of research projects that have utilized data from the community; highlighting other research projects working with the OpenAPS community; announcing a new international collaboration (OPEN – more coming on that in the future!) for research with the DIY community; and hopefully encouraging other diabetes researchers to think about sharing their work, data, methods, tools, and insights as openly possible to help us all move forward with improving the lives of people with diabetes.
That is, of course, quite an abbreviated summary! I've shared a thread on Twitter that goes into detail on each of the key points as part of the presentation, or there's a version of this Twitter/presentation content also written below.
If you're someone who wants to do research with retrospective data from the OpenAPS Data Commons, you can find out more about it here (including instructions on how to request data). And if you're interested in prospective research, please do reach out as well!
Full content for those who don't want to read Twitter:
Patients are often seen as passive recipients of care, but many of us PWDs have discovered that problems are opportunities to change things. My journey to DIY began after I was frustrated by my inability to hear CGM alarms at night. 4 years ago, there was no way for me to access my own device data in real time OR retrospectively. Thanks to John Costik for sharing his code, I was able to get my CGM data & send it to the cloud and down to my phone, creating a louder alarm. Scott and I created an algorithm to push notifications to me to take action. This was an 'open loop' system we called #DIYPS. With Ben West's help, we realized could combine our algorithm with small, off-the-shelf hardware & a radio stick to automate insulin delivery. #OpenAPS was thus created, open sourcing all components of DIY closed loop system so others could close the loop, too. An #OpenAPS rig consists of a small computer, radio chip, & battery. The hardware is constantly evolving. Many of us also use Nightscout to visualize our closed loop data, and share with loved ones.
I closed the loop in December of 2015. As people learned about it, I got pushback: "It works for you, but how do you know it's going to work for others?" I didn't, and I said so. But that didn't mean I shouldn't share what was working for me.
Once we had dozens of users of #OpenAPS, we presented a research study at #2016ADA, with 18 individuals sharing outcomes data on A1c, TIR, and QOL improvements. (See that publication here: https://twitter.com/danamlewis/status/763782789070192640 ). I was often asked to share my data for people to analyze, but I'm not representative of entire #OpenAPS community. Plus, the community has kept growing: we estimate there are more than (n=1)*710+ (as of June 2018) people worldwide using different kinds of DIY APs. (Note: if you'd like to keep track of the growing #OpenAPS community, the count of loopers worldwide is updated periodically at https://openaps.org/outcomes ). I began to work with Open Humans to build the #OpenAPS Data Commons, enabling individuals to anonymously upload their data and consent to share it with the Data Commons.
Criteria for using the #OpenAPS Data Commons:
1) share insights back with the community, especially if you find something about an individual's data set where we should notify them
2) publish in an accessible (and preferably open) manner
I've learned that not many are prepared to take advantage of the rich (and complex) data available from #OpenAPS users; and many researchers have varying background and skillsets. To aid researchers, I created a series of open source tools (described here: http://bit.ly/2l5ypxq, and tools available at https://github.com/danamlewis/OpenHumansDataTools ) to help researchers & patients working with data.
We have a variety of research projects that have leveraged the anonymously donated, DIY closed loop data from the #OpenAPS Data Commons.
One research project, in collaboration with a Stanford team, evaluated published machine learning model predictions & #OpenAPS predictions. Some models (particularly linear regression) = accurate predictions in short term, but less so longer term when insulin peaks. This study is pending publication, but I'd like to note the challenge of more traditional research keeping pace with DIY innovation: the code (and data) studied was from January 2017. #OpenAPS prediction code has been updated 2x since then.
In response to the feedback from the #2016ADA #OpenAPS Outcomes study we presented, a follow up study on #OpenAPS outcomes was created in partnership with a team at Johns Hopkins. That study will be presented on Monday, 6-6:15pm (352-OR).
Many people share publicly online their outcomes with DIY closed loops. Sulka Haro has shared his script to evaluate the reduction in daily manual diabetes interventions after they began using #OpenAPS. Before: 4.5/day manual corrections; now they treat <1/day.
#OpenAPS features such as autosensitivity automatically detect sensitivity changes and insulin needs, improving outcomes. (See above at the top of this post for the full poster content).
If you missed it at #2017ADA (see here: http://bit.ly/2rMBFmn) , Autotune is a tool for assessing changes to basal rates, ISF, and carb ratio. Developed for #OpenAPS users but can also be used by traditional pumpers (and some MDI users also utilize it).
I'm also thrilled to share a new tool we've created: an #OpenAPS simulator to allow us to more easily back-test and compare settings changes & feature changes in #OpenAPS code.
We pulled a recent week of data for n=1 adult PWD who does no-bolus, rough carb entry meal announcements, and ran the simulator to predict what the outcomes would be for no-bolus and no meal-announcement.
We also ran the simulator on n=1 teen PWD who does no-bolus and no-meal-announcement in real life. The simulator tracked closely to his actual outcomes (validated this week with a lab-A1c of 6.1)
The new #OpenAPS simulator will allow us to better test future algorithm changes and features across a diverse data set donated by DIY closed loop users.
There are many other studies & collaborations ongoing with the DIY community.
Michelle Litchman, Perry Gee, Lesly Kelly, and myself have a paper pending review analyzing social-media-reported outcomes & themes from DIY community.
There are also multiple other posters about DIY outcomes here at #2018ADA:
See 983-P on learning curves in DIY AP (Crocket);
964-P on real-world outcomes from Korea (Choi et al);
and 993-P on #OpenAPS outcomes in Italy (Tonolo et al).
There are many topics of interest in DIY community we'd like to see studies on, and have data for. These include: "eating soon" (optimal insulin dosing for lesser post-prandial spikes); and variability in sensitivity for various ages, pregnancy, and menstrual cycle.
I'm also thrilled to announce funding will be awarded to OPEN (a new collaboration on Outcomes of Patients' Evidence, with Novel, DIY-AP tech), a 36-month international collaboration assessing outcomes, QOL, further development, access of real-world AP tech, etc. (More to come on this soon!)
In summary: we don't have a choice in living with diabetes. We *do* have a choice to DIY, and also to research to learn more and improve knowledge and availability of tools for us PWDs, more quickly. We would love to partner and collaborate with anyone interested in working with the DIY community, whether that is utilizing the #OpenAPS Data Commons for retrospective studies or designing prospective studies. If you take away one thing today: let it be the request for us to all openly share our tools, data, and insights so we can all make life with type 1 diabetes better, faster.
A huge thank you as always to the community: those who have donated and shared data; those who have helped develop, test, troubleshoot, and otherwise help power the #OpenAPS and other DIY diabetes communities.
Improvements in A1c and Time-in-Range in DIY Closed-Loop (OpenAPS) Users
(full tweet thread available here; or a description of this presentation below)
#OpenAPS is an open and transparent effort to make safe and effective Artificial Pancreas System (APS) technology widely available to reduce the burden of Type 1 diabetes. #OpenAPS evolved from my first DIY closed loop system and our desire to openly share what we've learned living with DIY closed loops. It takes a small, off-the-shelf computer; a radio; and a battery to communicate with existing insulin pumps and CGMs. As a PWD, I care a lot about safety: the safety reference design is the first thing in #OpenAPS that was shared, in order to help set expectations around what a DIY closed loop can (and cannot) do.
As I shared about my own DIY experience, people questioned whether it would work for others, or just me. At #2016ADA, we presented an outcomes study with data from 18 of the first 40 DIY closed loop users. Feedback on that study included requests to evaluate CGM data, given concerns around accuracy of self-reported outcomes.
This 2018 #OpenAPS outcomes study was the result. We performed a retrospective cross-over analysis of continuous BG readings recorded during 2-week segments 4-6 weeks before and after initiation of OpenAPS.
For this study, n=20 based on the availability of data that met the stringent protocol requirements (and the limited number of people who had both recorded that data and donated it to the #OpenAPS Data Commons in early 2017). Demographics show that, like the 2016 study, the people choosing to #OpenAPS typically have lower A1C than the average T1D population; have had diabetes for over a decade; and are long-time pump and CGM users. Like the 2016 study, this 2018 study found mean BG and TIR improved across all time categories (overall, day, and nighttime).
Overall, mean BG (mg/dl) improved (135.7 to 128.3); mean estimated HbA1c improved (6.4 to 6.1%). TIR (70-180) increased from 75.8 to 82.2%. Overall, time spent high and low were all reduced, in addition to eAG and A1c reduction. Overnight (11pm-7am) had smaller improvement in all categories compared to daytime improvements in these categories.
Notably: although this study primarily focused on a 4-6 week time frame pre-looping vs. 4-6 weeks post-looping, the improvements in all categories are sustained over time by #OpenAPS users.
Conclusion: Even with tight initial control, persons with T1D saw meaningful improvements in estimated A1c, TIR, and a reduction in time spent high and low, during the day and at night, after initiating #OpenAPS. Although this study focused on BG data from CGM, do not overlook additional QOL benefits when analyzing benefits of hybrid closed loop therapy or designing future studies! See these examples shared from Sulka Haro and Jason Wittmer as example of quality of life impacts of #OpenAPS.
A huge thank you to the community: those who have donated and shared data; those who have helped develop, test, troubleshoot, and otherwise help power the #OpenAPS and other DIY diabetes communities.
And, special thank you to my co-authors, Scott Swain & Tom Donner, for the collaboration on this study.
Posted in Diabetes, OpenAPS, ResearchTagged #2018ADA, #OpenAPS, #wearenotwaiting, APS, artificial pancreas, artificial pancreas system, autosens, autosensitivity, CGM, closed loop, Dana Lewis, data, data visualization, DIY, DIY-PS, eating soon mode, independent diabetes researchers, insulin pump, Nightscout, Open Humans, OpenAPS Data Commons, prebolus, PWD, research, safety, Scott Leibrand, SMB, T1D, UAM, unannounced meal1 Comment


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