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Justia Patents Foldable Or CollapsibleUS Patent for Dual image manifestation apparatus with integrated electro-optical package Patent (Patent # 5,633,762)
Dual image manifestation apparatus with integrated electro-optical package
Oct 23, 1995 - Motorola
Dual image manifestation apparatus including real image generation component mounted on a mounting structure for providing at least one real image, and an optical magnifier system, including a low magnification optical system supported by the mounting structure and the housing to receive the image at an optical input and provide a magnified image directly viewable at an optical output, and a high magnification optical system integrally formed with the low magnification optical system and supported by the mounting structure and the housing to receive the image at an optical input and provide an enlarged virtual image at an optical output. The apparatus being interchangeable from a low magnification, quasi-direct view image mode to a high magnification, virtual image mode by slideably moving the optical magnifier system so as to position the desired magnification lenses over the real image. Electrical connections for the image generation component are provided through the mounting structure. The apparatus is designed for operation with pagers, cellular telephones, etc.
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The present invention pertains to image manifestation apparatus and more particularly to dual image manifestation apparatus formed having an integrated optical package and a dual optical system.
With the advent of the communications era, one of the major markets for optical devices is portable electronics equipment, such as cellular telephone, pagers, two-way radios, data banks, computers and the like. Generally, it is desirable that the optical source devices in this type of equipment are compact with low power, inexpensive and include high quality optics. Through the use of digital signals which are being transmitted at ever increasing bandwidths, it is possible to transmit increasingly larger and more complex messages to remote portable units. In some instances it is possible to send complete messages, including alpha-numerics and/or graphics by way of novel pagers. Thus, complete messages can be sent to specific recipients by way of a pager, for example.
Also, in many instances it is desirable to provide a visual display on the communication transceiver to supply the operator with an indication of messages received, numbers actually dialed, and other minor but critical information. The problem is that the visual displays on prior art portable electronics equipment are extremely limited in size and require relatively high electrical power as well as a great amount of area to be sufficiently large to produce a useful display. Thus, while the present visual displays are generally sufficient for displaying the minor information, they are not capable of displaying large alpha-numeric and/or graphic messages.
The system that is normally used at the present time is one using a large image source and either a direct view image or low magnification optics. The major problem with this system is that it greatly limits the size of the portable electronics on which it is used. Basically, the image must be large enough for an operator to read and/or understand the information being displayed. Thus, for example, if one wanted to display an 8.5" by 11" sheet of paper (a standard letter), the direct view display must be 8.5" by 11" to be easily read. Such a display is clearly too large to be incorporated into most portable communications devices, such as pagers, two-way radios, cellular phones and the like.
In the prior art, for example, it is common to provide visual displays utilizing liquid crystal displays, directly viewed light emitting devices, etc. These produce very large and cumbersome displays that greatly increase the size of the transceiver and require relatively large amounts of power. Further, such displays, when used on pagers, greatly limit the amount and, in many instances, the type of messages that can be received.
Some types of devices have been proposed which are capable of displaying larger messages while utilizing a smaller amount of space in the portable electronic device. In one instance, the prior art includes a scanning mirror to produce a visual display but again this requires relatively large amounts of power and is very complicated and sensitive to shock. Also, the scanning mirror causes vibration in the unit that substantially reduces visual comfort and acceptability.
Some attempts have been made to produce displays using arrays of light emitting devices on a single semiconductor chip. Generally, a semiconductor chip, or integrated circuit, is mounted on a printed circuit board or the like and the accepted method for connecting the chip to external circuits is to use standard wire bond technology. However, when a semiconductor chip having a relatively large array of electrical components or devices formed thereon is to be connected, standard wire bond techniques can become very difficult. For example, if a relatively large array (greater than, for example, 10,000 or 100.times.100) of light emitting devices is formed on a semiconductor chip with a pitch (center-to-center separation) of P, then bond pads on the perimeter of the semiconductor chip will have a 2P pitch. This is true because every other row and every other column goes to an opposite edge of the perimeter to increase the distance between bond pads as much as possible.
At the present time, wire bond interconnects from bond pads having a pitch of 4.8 milli-inches is the best that is feasible. Thus, in the array mentioned above of 100.times.100 light emitting devices, the bond pads on the perimeter of the semiconductor chip would have a minimum pitch of 4.8 milli-inches, with 50 bond pads situated along each edge of the perimeter. As more devices are included in the array, more bond pads are required and the perimeter size to accommodate the additional bond pads increases at an even greater rate. That is, since the minimum pitch of the bond pads is 4.8 milli-inches, the pitch of the devices in the array can be as large as 2.4 milli-inches, or approximately 61 microns, without effecting the size of the chip. Thus, even if the devices can be fabricated smaller than 61 microns, the minimum pitch of the bonding pads will not allow the perimeter of the chip to be made any smaller. It can quickly be seen that the size of the semiconductor chip is severely limited by the limitations of the wire bonding technology.
Thus, there is a need for an improved dual image manifestation apparatus, interconnect and packaging structures and techniques which can substantially reduce limitations on the size of the image manifestation apparatus and the semiconductor chips used therein. In addition, there is a need for a portable communications device which will allow the user to view a transmitted display in either a quasi-direct view display mode or in a virtual image display mode.
Accordingly, it is a purpose of the present invention to provide new and improved dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optic package.
It is another purpose of the present invention to provide a new and improved dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optic package in which the apparatus is operational in either a quasi-direct view display mode or in a virtual image display mode by simply aligning the appropriate optical magnifying system.
It is a further purpose of the present invention to provide a new and improved dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optic package which is compactly packaged and operational by the user in either a quasi-direct view display mode or a virtual display mode.
It is yet another purpose of the present invention to provide a new and improved dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optic package including a quasi-direct view display mode and a large virtual display mode which is relatively easy and inexpensive to fabricate.
It is still another purpose of the present invention to provide new and improved dual image manifestation apparatus operational by the user to receive either a quasi-direct view display or a large virtual display which is fabricated in a single integrated electro-optic package which can be easily incorporated into portable electronic equipment.
It is another purpose of the present invention to provide new and improved communication transceivers with dual image manifestation apparatus and adjustable optic elements allowing the user to view the transmitted image in either a quasi-direct view display mode or a large virtual display mode.
The above problems and others are at least partially solved and the above purposes and others are realized in a dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package including a real image generation means for providing at least one real image and a plurality of optical elements, comprised of a low magnification optical system having a first optical element supported on a mounting structure to receive the one real image at an optical input and a second optical element positioned on an exterior aspect of the apparatus to provide a magnified real image quasi-directly viewable at an optical output, and a high magnification optical system having a first optical element supported on the mounting structure, and a second optical element positioned substantially perpendicular to an exterior aspect of the apparatus, integrally formed with the low magnification optical system, and having a light input and light output with at least one reflecting surface optically positioned between the input and the output so as to direct and receive the one real image from an optical input and provide an enlarged virtual image at an optical output. The plurality of optical elements are constructed to angularly magnify an image source at the light input, when viewed in a quasi-direct display mode of less than ten, and when viewed in a virtual image display mode by greater than ten.
Electrical connections for the image generation means are provided through the mounting structure. In the preferred embodiment, the electro-optical package is comprised of an integrated light emitting diode imager (LEDI) chip due to the size constraints of the apparatus and the small package size of the LEDI chip. In alternative embodiments, and dependent on size limitations, the electro-optical package may include a liquid crystal spatial light modulator stack and supporting housing or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator stack incorporating an optically clear portion, thereby forming an optical waveguide for guiding the image from an image generator to the magnifying optical systems.
The above problems and others are substantially solved and the above purposes and others are further realized in dual image manifestation apparatus including an image generator having a two dimensional array of light emitting devices formed on a single substrate and driver circuits coupled to the light emitting devices and including a data input terminal. The light emitting devices are individually addressable by the driver circuits so as to generate a real image including one of a plurality of lines of alpha-numerics and graphics from data received at the data input.
In its low magnification mode, a slideably moveable dual lens optical magnifier system is positioned in overlying relationship to the image generator so as to receive and magnify the real image, thereby enabling a quasi-direct view image, or a virtual image, to be seen in the output thereof. In high magnification mode, the slideably moveable optical magnifier system has a plurality of optical elements including an first optical lens element positioned in overlying relationship to the image generator, and second optical lens element positioned orthogonally at the optical output and a reflective diffractive surface positioned between the input and the output so as to direct light from the input to the output to create a high magnification virtual image display mode. In the virtual image display mode, the second optical lens element is slideably positioned adjacent the light output of the image generator and the reflective surface so as to receive light from the reflective surface. The plurality of optical elements define a light path from a path input to a path output with at least one biaspheric element formed as one of the plurality of optical elements and positioned in the light path for aberration correction. An additional diffractive optical element may be formed on one of the plurality of optical elements and positioned in the light path so as to provide further aberration correction. The plurality of optical elements are constructed to angularly magnify the real image in quasi-direct view display mode by less than ten and in a high magnification virtual image display mode by greater than ten.
Referring to the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic view generally illustrating the embodiment of dual image manifestation apparatus in accordance with the present invention, movable optical magnifier system thereof being in a first position;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic view similar to FIG. 1, with the movable optical magnifier system thereof being in a mid position;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 , with the movable optical magnifier system thereof being in a second position;
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of electronics associated with the image generator of FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view in top plan of an LED array, portions thereof broken away, forming a portion of the image generator of FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of electronics for portable electronic equipment embodying the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portable electronic equipment embodying the present invention, moveable optical magnifier system thereof being in a first position; and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a portable electronic equipment embodying the present invention, moveable optical magnifier system thereof being in a second position.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, simplified schematic views generally illustrating an embodiment of dual image manifestation apparatus, constructed in accordance with the present invention and designated 10, are illustrated. Dual image manifestation apparatus 10 includes a first image manifestation apparatus 12 constructed to provide a quasi-direct view image, illustrated in FIG. 1, and a second image manifestation apparatus 14 constructed to provide a large virtual image, illustrated in FIG. 3. While separate image manifestation apparatus 12 and 14 are referred to herein for purposes of this explanation, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that apparatus 10 essentially has two modes of operation, which may be designated 12 and 14.
Image manifestation apparatus 10, has attached an optical magnifier system 16, comprised of an optical element 18, a planar front member 20, and a field flattener optical lens system 37, which together serve to allow the user to view an image transmitted in a quasi-direct view display when optical system 16 is in a first position (as illustrated in FIG. 1) or as a virtual image display when optical system 16 is in a second position (as illustrated in FIG. 3). Optical element 18 and planar front member 20 are pivotally hinged to allow for movement of optical system 16 to a first planar or flat position, as illustrated in FIG. 1, thereby operational in a first mode for viewing quasi-direct view display, and to allow for movement of optical system 16 to a second generally upright or perpendicular position, as illustrated in FIG. 3, thereby operational in a second mode for viewing virtual image display. It will be understood that optical system 16 may be configured to allow for viewing of virtual image display when optical element 18 is not positioned in a fully erect, perpendicular alignment to apparatus 10.
Optical element 18 is disclosed in the preferred embodiment to be a biaspheric lens. The preferred biaspheric lens is rotationally symmetrical, and truncated in at least two opposed aspects, thus providing a plurality of planar means for hinged attachment to front planar member 20 and a housing 31 for apparatus 10. Optical element 18 is further disclosed as having an interior surface 22 and an exterior surface 24. Optical element 18 has formed on interior surface 22, a diffractive or kinoform surface to allow for chromatic and other aberration correction. In addition, optical element 18 has coated on exterior surface 24, an abrasion resistive coating such as magnesium flouride to prevent abrasions to optical element 18 when storing apparatus 10, such as when placed in a coat pocket, or the like.
As shown in FIG. 2, front planar member 20 is comprised of a substantially rectangular planar component having an outer surface 26 and an inner surface 28 defined thereon. Inner surface 28 has integrally formed therein, or fixedly attached to the surface, a reflective optical element 30 which may, in addition, have an integral diffractive structure for further aberration correction. Optical element 30 is positioned between a light input or image source and a light output so as to direct light from the input to the output element to create a virtual image display mode. Optical lens 18 is positioned adjacent the light output of the reflective surface so as to receive light from the reflective surface. The plurality of optical elements present when viewing the image in virtual image display mode define a light path from a path input to a path output as further illustrated by directional arrows in FIG. 3. The plurality of optical elements are constructed to angularly magnify the real image in an amount greater than ten. This above described positioning of optical elements 18 and 30 permits viewing of the virtual image when optical system 16 is positioned in second position or virtual image display mode.
There is provided within housing 31, mounting structure 32. Mounting structure has slideably mounted thereon a dual field flattener optical element 37. Lens system 37 is comprised of a first optical element 36, for viewing the image in a quasi-direct display mode, and second optical element 38, for viewing the image in virtual image display mode. Lens system 37 is disclosed as comprised of a plurality of convex concave lenses. The major purpose of lens system 37 is to provide a flat image plane and to this end lens system 37 includes a field flattening concave surface, which may also be aspheric to compensate for aberration. Lens system 37 may be formed directly in, or as a portion of, the upper surface of mounting structure 32. It will be understood, however, that lens system 37 is illustrated as a separate component in this embodiment comprised of two convex concave lenses for ease of explanation. Separate components of course result in additional components and assembly steps which can increase cost and size of the final structure. In addition, it will be understood that lens system 37 in an alternative embodiment may be comprised of one convex concave lens or other optical element fixedly attached to mounting structure 32.
Lens system 37 is slideably mounted on mounting structure 32, over the generated image area so as to allow proper positioning of the desired lens, dependent on the mode of operation, either quasi-direct display or virtual image display. Lens system 37 is mounted so as to achieve movement and proper positioning of the first optical element 36 when optical system 16 is positioned in a flat or planar configuration or of second optical element 38 when optical system 16 is positioned in a generally upright configuration. In operation, first optical element 36, for viewing the image in quasi-direct display mode, would be positioned over the generated image when optical system 16 is in a flat or planar position. Similarly, second optical element 38 would be slideably moved and positioned over a generated image when optical system 16 is slideably moved to a generally upright or perpendicular position for viewing the image as a virtual image display. The movement of the optical system 16 to the proper position, in turn slideably moves dual lens system 37, aligning either first optical element 36 or second optical element 38 over the generated image.
Due to the compact dimensions of apparatus 10, optical lens system 37 is extremely thin and may be very difficult to manufacture, especially as a separate component. The function of optical lens system 37 may alternatively be implemented into a plurality of diffractive surfaces. Incorporating diffractive optical elements and aspheric surfaces into various surfaces of the plurality of optical elements is disclosed in co-pending application entitled, "MULTI-FOLD OPTICAL MAGNIFIER FOR USE IN IMAGE MANIFESTATION APPARATUS", Ser. No. 08/415,285, filed Apr. 3, 1995, and assigned to the same assignee. The incorporation of optical functions and aberration correction functions into apparatus 10, occupies essentially no additional volume.
Illustrated in FIG. 1 is image manifestation apparatus 10 having attached moveable optical system 16 positioned in a first mode, thereby allowing the user to view a quasi-direct view display. In operation, moveable optical system 16 is positioned in a flat, planar position for viewing a quasi-direct image displayed through optical element 18. The user would look at the image directly through optical element 18 to view the image generated by an image generator. To view the virtual image display, the user would slideably move front planar member 20 in an upward direction, from the first position, quasi-direct view display, to the second position, virtual image display, as illustrated in FIG. 3. A feature is incorporated into the drive electronics so that when moveable positioning of optical system 16 and dual lens system 37 takes place, a signal is submitted to a controller (discussed presently) to change the display characters from a low resolution, large font, quasi-direct view display to a high resolution, high information content, virtual image display and vice versa dependent on the positioning of optical system 16.
To allow for moveable positioning of optical system 16, there is provided a first means 40 for hingedly attaching optical element 18 at a first truncated end to housing 31. In addition, there is provided a second means 42 for hingedly attaching optical element 18 at an opposed second truncated end to planar front member 20, thereby allowing movement of optical system 18 from a first position to a second position. In the preferred embodiment, the first and second means for hingedly attaching optical element 18, planar front member 20 and housing 31 are disclosed as being linear rotational hinges.
There is provided an integrally formed guidepath 44, formed in an uppermost surface of housing 31. Guidepath 44 allows for a sliding motion of planar front member 20, hingedly affixed to optical element 18, thereby permitting a sliding movement of optical system 16 from first position to second position. This upward sliding motion of optical system 16 is further illustrated through the use of directional arrow, as shown in FIG. 2 in which optical system 16 and lens system 37 are positioned in a mid-state, between the quasi-direct view display mode and the virtual image display mode. It will be understood that optical system 16 when positioned in a direct view display mode, allows for seating of optical element 18 and planar front member 20 within an uppermost surface of housing 31. There is provided means for sealing (not shown) the electronics positioned within the mounting structure 32, from dust or moisture, thus protecting circuits or other components, of which at least some portion is optically clear to allow for passage of the generated image.
FIG. 3 illustrates the previously described sliding of planar front component 20 within guidepath 44 to achieve positioning of optical element 18 in a substantially upright or perpendicular alignment to housing 31. This alignment of lens 18 with housing 31 allows for the viewing of a large virtual image display by the user through optical element 18.
As disclosed, in the preferred embodiment optical element 18 is a biaspheric lens, mounted so as to receive the image from an image generator, magnify it an additional predetermined amount and create an aperture within which a quasi-direct image is viewed. Optical element 18 in conjunction with lens system 37 magnifies the image a total of approximately four times (4.times.) in a preferred embodiment for viewing a quasi-direct image and approximately fourteen times (14.times.) for viewing a virtual image.
Image manifestation apparatus 12, constructed to provide a quasi-direct view image, and image manifestation apparatus 14, constructed to provide a virtual image, receive an image from an image generator. As illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, apparatus 10 includes a real image generator 46 affixed in overlying relationship to mounting structure 32 having lens system 37 slideably attached thereto in overlying relationship. Image generator 46 is disclosed in the preferred embodiment as including a support structure comprised of a thin glass plate having a circuit pattern formed thereon, including a semiconductor chip having a large array of light emitting devices formed thereon. Additional information on this type of electro-optical package is available in U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,358 entitled "INTEGRATED ELECTRO-OPTICAL PACKAGE", issued Jul. 11, 1995, which discloses an integrated electro-optical package including a semiconductor chip having a major surface with an array of light emitting devices formed on the major surface at a central portion thereof and cooperating to generate a complete real image.
In image manifestation apparatus 12, because of the much smaller size of the quasi-direct view image, the amount of magnification required is much smaller, i.e. less than approximately 10.times.. In addition, because the quasi-direct view image is viewed at a larger distance from the eye, more power is required to generate this image, compensating for the effects of ambient light. Also, because the quasi-direct view image on optical element 18 is smaller, any message contained in the quasi-direct view image must be larger in order to be perceived by the operator. Thus, whereas one LED in the array of image generator 46 produces one pixel in a final virtual image (for example), several LEDs in the array of image generator 46 may operate in conjunction to produce one pixel in the quasi-direct view image on optical element 18. This feature can be incorporated into the drive electronics and could be automatically switched or energized when the operator slideably moves optical system 16 from a quasi-direct view mode to a virtual image mode of operation. Because several LEDs produce one pixel, in many instances the higher power requirement may be automatically resolved. If additional power is required in some applications, drive current to the LED array can also be automatically increased in the quasi-direct view mode.
Second image manifestation apparatus 14, or second virtual image display mode of operation, is constructed to provide a virtual image generated by the same image source as the direct view image, and incorporates optical element 30 positioned on interior surface 28 of planar front member 20. Thus, optical element 18 and optical element 30 when pivoted into the mode illustrated in FIG. 3, essentially convert quasi-Direct view image manifestation apparatus 12 into virtual image manifestation apparatus 14. Optical element 18 can also include in addition, a Fresnel lens, or the like, for focusing and/or further magnification if desired.
In operation, and as illustrated by directional arrows in FIG. 3, real image generator 46 in conjunction with optical element 18, projects an image onto optical element 30 which is reflected off of optical element 30, onto optical element 18.
Real image generator 46 is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5 and includes, for example semiconductor electronics such as a two-dimensional light emitting device (LED) array 50 driven by data processing circuits 52. The array of LEDs can include any of the well known light emitting devices, such as but not limited to light emitting devices (organic or inorganic), electroluminescent devices, vacuum field emission devices, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, etc. The data processing circuits 52 include, for example, logic and switching circuit arrays for controlling each LED in the LED array. The data processing circuits 52 may include, in addition to or instead of the logic and switching arrays, a microprocessor or similar circuitry for processing input signals 54 to produce a desired real image on a device such as the LED array 50. It will be understood that the data processing circuits 52 and the LED array 50, while illustrated separately for purposes of this description, could be formed on the same semiconductor chip in some applications.
In this specific embodiment the LED array 50 is utilized because of the extremely small size that can be achieved and because of the simplicity of construction and operation. It will of course be understood that other image generating devices may be utilized, including but not limited to lasers, LCDs, FEDs, etc.
Referring specifically to FIG. 5, a plan view of LED array 50 is illustrated in which the LEDs are formed in a regular, addressable pattern of rows and columns on a single substrate or semiconductor chip 56. Portions of chip 56 are broken away to simplify the drawing, but it should be understood that many of the other circuits could be included on the same chip. By addressing specific LEDs by row and column in a well known manner, the specific LEDs are energized to produce a real image. Digital or analog data is received at an input terminal 54 and converted by data processing circuits 52 into signals capable of energizing selected LEDs to generate the predetermined real image.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that image generator 46 is actually much smaller than illustrated in FIGS. 1-3. Generally, a substrate, e.g. a semiconductor chip, carrying the LED array 50 ranges from approximately 2 centimeters on each side to 1 millimeter on each side and, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the array ranges from 1.0 centimeter on a side to 0.1 centimeters on a side. Further, each light emitting device or pixel ranges in size approximately from 50.0 microns to 0.25 micron on a side having a preferred range from 20.0 microns to 0.5 micron. It should be understood that the actual light emitting device array is much smaller, because bonding pads, etc. add several millimeters of area on each side. Generally, the larger size substrates simply mean that more light emitting devices are used in the array to provide more definition, color, etc.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a plurality of driver circuits 49 are mounted on a glass substrate, which is mounted to mounting structure 32 by any convenient means, such as bump bonding, wire bonding, etc. so that driver circuits 49 are electrically connected to image generator 46 and to a plurality of external input/output terminals (not shown). Image generator 46 and driver circuits 49 are encapsulated in any well known manner for protection.
As the semiconductor and organic technology reduces the size of the substrate, greater magnification and smaller lens systems are required. Reducing the size of the lenses while increasing the magnification results in greatly limiting the field of view, substantially reducing eye relief and reducing the working distance of the lens system.
Alternative, electro-optical packages are anticipated by this disclosure such as those disclosed in co-pending applications entitled "AN INTEGRATED ELECTRO-OPTIC PACKAGE FOR REFLECTIVE SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS", Ser. No. 08/360,504, filed Dec. 21, 1994, and assigned to the same assignee, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,958, and co-pending application entitled "AN INTEGRATED ELECTRO-OPTIC PACKAGE FOR REFLECTIVE SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATORS", Ser. No. 08/360,510, filed Dec. 21, 1994, and assigned to the same assignee, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,215. Specifically, disclosed are electro-optical packages incorporating a reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM) stack and a molded optically clear mounting support. Disclosed are the use of one or more light sources positioned on a lower surface of the mounting support or in the alternative embedded within an optical waveguide formed by the provided mounting support. As disclosed, the light sources can include a single light emitting device (LED) or several LEDs positioned so as to substantially uniformly illuminate the spatial modulator stack. The preferred embodiments is disclosed as comprised of three LEDs (a red, a green and a blue LED in an optically clear support which are alternately activated to form three different light sources, each of which fully and uniformly illuminates the spatial modulator stack at different times. By activating each LCSLM (pixel) in accordance with the amount of each color (red, green, or blue) required in each pixel during the time that that color LED is activated, a complete and full color image is produced for each cycle of the three LEDs. More than one LED of each color can be utilized if more than one is required to provide full and uniform illumination.
The light sources may be embedded in the optically clear support during the molding process and a patterned transparent conductive layer, patterned electrical leads, or imbedded electrical leads are provided on the lower surface of the support to provide electrical connections to the light sources.
A housing, formed of optically clear material, is provided with a plurality of external leads molded into the housing so as to extend into the housing and electrically engage the external terminal ends of the leads and to extend outwardly beyond the outer surface of the housing and form mounting and/or external electrical connections for the integrated electro-optic package.
The housing is formed to receive a diffuser therein, which forms an image plane for light emitted from the stack. It will be understood that diffuser and/or additional optical elements can be mounted in the lower cavity by threaded engagement or by any other convenient means, such as "snap-in" or frictional engagement.
As in the previously disclosed preferred embodiment, a plurality of driver circuits are mounted on the support by any convenient means, such as bump bonding, wire bonding, etc. The driver circuits are electrically connected to image generator 46 and to external input/output terminals. Image generator 46 and any accompanying driver circuits may be encapsulated in any well known manner for protection.
Referring specifically to FIG. 6, a block diagram of electronics for communications or other equipment embodying the present invention is illustrated. A communication receiver 60 can be any of the well known portable receivers, such as a cellular or cordless telephone, a two-way radio, a pager, etc. Receiver 60 has a data output connected to a controller 62 which may be a microprocessor, a DSP, a gate array, specially designed logic circuits, etc. A memory 64 is connected to controller 62 and stores information and messages, graphic and/or alpha-numeric, received by receiver 60 in accordance with the programming of controller 62. Cursor electronics 66, driven by cursor controls 68, is also connected to an input or inputs of controller 62.
Controller 62 receives video data from memory 64 and cursor electronics 66 and supplies the video data to row and column drivers 70 and 72 respectively, which in turn activate specific light generating devices in a semiconductor array 74 to produce the desired picture or frame of information. In addition, controller 62 adjusts the video display from a low frequency/low density quasi-direct view image to high frequency/high density virtual image, dependent upon the signal submitted to controller 62 when optical system 16 is aligned and/or re-aligned in a first position or second position. In a specific example, timing signals are supplied to row drivers 70 to supply an activating potential to each complete row, one at a time, and in a periodic sequence from the first row at the top to the last row at the bottom. Simultaneously, a complete row of video data is placed in column drivers 72, which generally include a latching function, and the data is supplied to the row of devices receiving the activating potential from the row drivers 70. When the second row is activated by row drivers 70, a new row of data is switched into array 74 from column drivers 72. In this fashion, a complete real image is generated with the definition and quality depending upon the number of devices included in array 74. Generally, it is desirable to include in the range of 50 to 1500 pixels by 50 to 1500 pixels with each pixel including at least one light emitting device, for purposes of color and/or redundancy.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 7 and 8, perspective views of dual image manifestation apparatus 10 incorporating an integrated electro-optical package is illustrated in typical housing 31. Illustrated in FIG. 7 is first image manifestation apparatus 12 of the present invention, positioned in a first position for viewing an image in quasi-direct image display mode. Optical system 16 is positioned in a substantially planar alignment, thus allowing the user to view the generated image directly through optical element 18.
Illustrated in FIG. 8 is second image manifestation apparatus 14 of the present invention, positioned in a second position for viewing an image in a virtual image display mode. Optical system 16 is positioned in a generally upright position, with optical element 18 positioned substantially perpendicular to housing 31.
In addition, a touch pad 82 is optionally provided on a surface of housing 31 for controlling a cursor in the virtual image, which cursor may further control displayed keyboards and/or other controls. Additional controls 84 are provided on a surface of housing 31 and generally include such features as an on/off switch, and controls for any electronic devices connected thereto.
Generally, for example, control signals titles, etc. will appear in the quasi-direct view image at optical element 18, while larger alpha-numeric messages and graphics will appear in the virtual image at optical element 18
While we have shown and described specific embodiments of the present invention, further modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art. We desire it to be understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular forms shown and we intend in the appended claims to cover all modifications that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this invention.
1. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package comprising:
a housing;
real image generation means mounted on a mounting structure, positioned within the housing, for generating at least one real image; and
an optical magnifier system comprised of a low magnification optical system positioned to receive the generated real image at an optical input and provide a magnified real image directly viewable at an optical output and a high magnification optical system positioned to receive the generated real image at the optical input and provide an enlarged virtual image at the optical output, the optical magnifier system moveable between a low magnification, quasi-direct view image position, and a high magnification virtual image position.
2. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the optical magnifier system is further comprised of a front planar element and an optical lens element, mounted on an uppermost surface of the housing, the optical lens element being hingedly attached thereto and having at least one optical element positioned between the optical input and the optical output.
3. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 2 wherein the front planar element is slideably mounted to the housing and having positioned in an underlying relationship thereto, at least one reflective optical element.
4. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 2 wherein the optical lens element is a biaspheric lens.
5. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 2 wherein the optical magnifier system is slideably adjustable to a first position, quasi-direct view image display, the front planar element and the optical lens element positioned in a substantially planar alignment to the housing, and a second position, virtual image display, the optical lens element positioned in a substantially perpendicular alignment to the housing.
6. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the low magnification optical system is further comprised of a field flattener optical lens element positioned in overlying relationship to the generated real image at the optical input and an optical lens element, positioned in overlying relationship to the generated real image at the optical output and the high magnification optical system is further comprised of a field flattener optical lens element positioned in overlying relationship to the generated real image at the optical input, an optical lens element positioned in overlying relationship to the generated real image at the optical output, and at least one reflective optical element, positioned between the optical input and the optical output.
7. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 6 wherein the optical magnifier system is moveable between the low magnification optical system and the high magnification optical system.
8. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the low magnification optical system magnifies received real images less than approximately 10.times. and the high magnification optical system magnifies received real images more than approximately 10.times..
9. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting structure includes optically clear plastic material molded into a desired shape.
10. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the real image generation means includes an image generator with a semiconductor chip mounted on the mounting structure, the image generator further including a two dimensional array of light emitting devices formed on the semiconductor chip and cooperating to generate a complete real image, the light emitting devices being positioned in rows and columns to define all pixels of the real image and operably connected to connection/mounting pads adjacent outer edges of a substrate.
11. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 10 wherein the image generator further includes a window frame substrate, defining a centrally optically transparent light passage therethrough, substantially coextensive with the semiconductor chip and mounting pads formed on a surface surrounding the central passage.
12. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 10 wherein the image generation means further includes a plurality of driver circuits having terminals and connected to the light emitting devices through the terminals and the connection/mounting pads on the outer edges of the substrate.
13. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 12 wherein the plurality of driver circuits include at least one integrated circuit mounted on a support structure and the terminals are formed in the support structure and electrically connected to the integrated circuit through leads formed in the support structure.
14. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 13 wherein the support structure includes a printed circuit board.
15. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 14 wherein the printed circuit board of the support structure is formed of FR4 material.
16. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 10 wherein the mounting structure includes plastic material molded into an optical portion and an electrical portion with at least the optical portion being formed of optically clear plastic.
17. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 16 wherein the optical portion includes an optical waveguide having an optical input and at least one optical output, with the optical waveguide being positioned to receive the real image from the image generation means and direct the real image to the optical output.
18. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 17 wherein the optical waveguide includes optical elements positioned to receive the image and provide magnification.
19. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the mounting structure is a glass substrate with a printed circuit structure thereon.
20. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 including in addition a communications device connected to the real image generation means for supplying video signals to the real image generation means.
21. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 1 wherein the real image generation means includes an image generator mounted on the mounting structure with a two dimensional array of light emitting devices formed thereon and cooperating to generate a complete real image, the light emitting devices being positioned in rows and columns to define all pixels of the real image and operably connected to connection/mounting pads adjacent outer edges of the mounting structure, and the real image generation means further includes optics with at least one optical element supported on the mounting structure so that the one real image from the image generator is in communication with the optical element supported on the mounting structure, and an optical lens hingedly attached to the housing.
22. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package comprising;
a mounting structure encapsulated by the housing;
real image generation means mounted on the mounting structure for providing at least one real image; and
a dual mode optical system, operably moveable between a high magnification virtual image display mode and a low magnification quasi-direct view display mode, comprised of a plurality of optical elements, including a slideably moveable front planar member having mounted in underlying relationship thereon a reflective optical element, an attached optical lens element, and at least one field flattener optical element, positioned to receive the real image at an optical input and provide one of a quasi-direct view image directly viewable at an optical output and a virtual image viewable at the optical output.
23. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 22 wherein the plurality of optical elements are positioned in overlying relationship to the real image generation means, the front planar member and the attached optical lens element positioned substantially planar to the housing to receive the real image at the optical output, thus providing an aperture for the quasi-direct view image.
24. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 23 wherein the plurality of optical elements are positioned in overlying relationship to the real image generation means, the front planar member positioned to allow for alignment of the attached optical lens element in a substantially perpendicular position to the housing to receive the real image at the optical output, thus providing an aperture for viewing the enlarged virtual image.
25. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 22 wherein the real image generation means includes an image generator mounted on the mounting structure with a two dimensional array of light emitting devices formed thereon and cooperating to generate a complete real image, the light emitting devices being positioned in rows and columns to define all pixels of the real image and operably connected to connection/mounting pads adjacent outer edges of the mounting structure.
26. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 22 wherein the real image generation means includes an optical waveguide affixed to the mounting structure and having an optical input and an optical output, with the optical waveguide being positioned to receive the real image from the image generation means and direct the real image to the optical output.
28. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package comprising:
a mounting structure positioned within the housing, including a plurality of terminals and mounting pads;
an image generator mounted on the mounting structure with a two dimensional array of light emitting devices formed thereon and cooperating to generate a complete real image, the light emitting devices being positioned in rows and columns to define all pixels of the real image and operably connected to connection/mounting pads adjacent outer edges of the image generator, the connection/mounting pads being physically and electrically attached to the terminals and mounting pads of the mounting structure;
a plurality of driver circuits mounted on the mounting structure and connected to the light emitting devices of the image generator through the terminals and mounting pads on the mounting structure;
a quasi-direct view image manifestation apparatus including at least one lens system positioned in overlying relationship to the mounting structure and the image generator, a slideably moveable front planar member and an attached optical element mounted to the front planar member and the housing, positioned substantially planar to the housing, to receive and magnify the real image and produce an easily viewable quasi-direct view; and
a virtual image manifestation apparatus including at least one lens system positioned in overlying relationship to the mounting structure and the image generator, the slideably mounted front planar member further comprising an optical element positioned in underlying relationship to the front planar member, and the optical element mounted to the front planar member and the housing, positioned substantially perpendicular to the housing, to receive and magnify the real image and produce an easily viewable virtual image.
29. Dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 28 wherein the quasi-direct view image manifestation apparatus and the virtual image manifestation apparatus are moveable relative to the housing and the real image generator for viewing the real image in either a quasi-direct view display mode or a virtual image display mode.
30. A method of fabricating dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package comprising the steps of:
providing a housing;
providing a mounting structure positioned within the housing;
forming real image generation means for providing at least one real image, and mounting the real image generation means on the mounting structure; and
supporting an optical system operably moveable between a high magnification virtual image display mode and a low magnification quasi-direct view display mode, comprised of a plurality of optical elements positioned relative to the mounting structure and the housing so as to receive the one real image at an optical input and provide one of a magnified real image directly viewable at an optical output and an enlarged virtual image viewable at the optical output dependent upon the mode of operation.
31. A method of fabricating dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 30 wherein the step of providing a mounting structure includes molding optically clear plastic material into a desired shape.
32. A method of fabricating dual image manifestation apparatus with an integrated electro-optical package as claimed in claim 31 wherein the step of providing a mounting structure includes molding optical elements into the mounting structure.
5432358 July 11, 1995 Nelson, et al.
5467215 November 14, 1995 Lebby et al.
5485318 January 16, 1996 Lebby et al.
5543958 August 6, 1996 Lebby et al.
Filed: Oct 23, 1995
Assignee: Motorola (Schaumburg, IL)
Inventor: Fred V. Richard (Scottsdale, AZ)
Primary Examiner: Loha Ben
Attorney: Eugene A. Parsons
Current U.S. Class: Foldable Or Collapsible (359/817); With Support (359/811); Integrated Optical Circuit (385/14); Reflector Type Modifier (362/247); With Specific Housing Or Contact Structure (257/81)
International Classification: G02B 702;


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Gotra gilberti is een insect uit de familie van de gewone sluipwespen (Ichneumonidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1919 gepubliceerd door Turner.

gilberti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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348 // unlikely to appear on intranets.
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text:
Q: My swap is getting full and I don't know what's happening
    RANGE                                  SIZE  STATE REMOVABLE  BLOCK
0x0000000000000000-0x0000000087ffffff  2.1G online       yes   0-16
0x0000000100000000-0x0000000477ffffff 13.9G online       yes 32-142

Memory block size:       128M
Total online memory:      16G
Total offline memory:      0B

So I have 2 GB swap space but my system is only taking the first block? what's going wrong here?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Demetria Clark is the Director and Founder of Birth Arts International. Demetria does the training sessions for the Distance Learning, European and other international locations.
Demetria is believer in birth and the power all women have inside them to give birth. At Birth Arts we know that the many roles a doula, postpartum doula and monitrice/midwife's assistant play at a birth can be an essential part of the women's birth experience. At Birth Arts we train doulas for the world of birth and all of it's many possibilities. Working with Birth Arts means that you are ready to make positive change in the world of birth, one doula at a time.
Demetria believes that as a doula trainer that it is her responsibility to constantly re-educate and always keep abreast of new developments in the doula world. She attends the Midwifery Today Conferences often to further her education in birth and the practices.
You may recognize Demetria's name from some of these venues and media outlets.


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GM and MFA Students Work to Foolproof the Driving Experience for Millennials
How design students from the College for Creative Studies in Detroit worked closely with GM to create a driving experience focused on Millennials and safety.
Article No :1384 | February 4, 2015 | by Lillien Waller, College for Creative Studies
If it's true that the more things change, the more they stay the same, are today's youngest Millennials anything like their forebears? Maybe, when it comes to the excitement of getting behind the wheel for the first time. For every generation since their mass-production began, a car means freedom. Suddenly, anything seems possible, which doesn't necessarily put parents at ease.
Studies show that 16-year-olds have more car accidents than any other drivers. And more than half of all teen drivers confess to talking on the phone while driving. Can design provide a solution to the problem?
Amin Einakian and Zhenmin Li, MFA students in Integrated Design at the College for Creative Studies (CCS), have come up with an inventive, interactive concept: S.mile. Designed as part of a General Motors-sponsored project at CCS, the S.mile experience signals a win-win-win for car- and freedom-loving Millennials, their parents—who want their kids to put safety first—and the general driving public.
The GM project teamed pairs of interaction design and integrated design students to create an enhanced user experience around the concept of an existing brand—in this case, the Chevrolet Spark, Sonic, and Cruze models. Einakian and Li chose the Cruze for their concept.
According to Matt Fuligni, Design Manager of the User Experience Studio at GM, the teams researched the brands "to come up with cool, innovative ideas using interior infotainment and technology to uncover things that we aren't thinking about right now."
For Einakian and Li, that meant creating a car-driving experience that would not only be fun for Millennials but also offer parents peace of mind.
The premise behind S.mile is simple yet effective: once young drivers have a license in-hand, parents can then "build" safety measures into their kids' Chevy Cruze driving experience. A phone or computer application makes it easy for parents to set controls, such as speed limits and time management.
Say Cathy wants to take her new Cruze for a spin. Her mom has already set up the S.mile application to monitor whether the teen wears her seatbelt, plays the radio too loudly or talks on her cell phone while driving. Mom can also set limits that keep Cathy from driving over the speed limit. In return, Cathy develops safe driving habits that can eventually "win" her more privileges from Mom, such as custom graphics for her new Cruz. After Cathy makes a trip to school or to the movies with friends, Mom can log into the app and check on her daughter's driving behavior.
Einakian explained the approach he and Li used to develop the S.mile concept. "For Millennials, we wanted to offer them self-expression, so they can customize their car and have a specific car just for themselves. And for the parents, we wanted them to have peace of mind—no stress when their children are driving."
The Chevrolet project had three distinct phases. In the discovery phase, students conducted a brand study that included Chevy as well as non-automotive brands, a competitive analysis of features and functions that define the user experience, and an assessment of the perceptions, values, and needs of Millennials.
In the ideation phase, each team developed two to three concepts, business rationales for each, and preliminary ideas for prototypes. Finally, teams chose one idea and developed and tested user experience prototypes, including wireframes, screen flows, and animation.
The S.mile app is one of four concepts developed in the GM-sponsored project and is the latest example of what happens when the carmaker and CCS tap into their long and productive relationship. Sponsored projects give CCS MFA students the opportunity to gain real-world design experience under real-world conditions.
Sponsored projects give @CCS_Detroit MFA students the opportunity to gain real-world experience
"They're evaluation was really thorough," said Maria Luisa Rossi, MFA Chair of Integrated Design and one of the project's instructors. "[GM] looked at every single idea from a different point of view. They thought about the quality of the idea, the quality of execution, the depth of ideation. They gave a lot of feedback to the students so they were really part of building this experience."
Fuligni agreed that guidance from industry pros helped to impose practical criteria on creative ideas to make them more production-ready and to potentially identify talented designers who might one day find themselves working for the carmaker's User Experience Studio.
The MFA students' ability to synthesize research and come up with provocative ideas was impressive, he added. "We thought working with the master's program would create a lot of insights and uncover a lot of things that we, at GM, working on production programs, don't really have the opportunity to do on a regular basis.
"Plus, we wanted to target future talent. It's a growing, exciting field and a lot of people that work in that field have come into it from other disciplines. But at CCS, they're taking classes and being trained in user interaction design and user experience."
Article No. 1 242 | May 21, 2014
Top Ten Automotive UX Successes
by Steve Tengler
A look at ten recent innovations that have made the experience of using an automobile much more rewarding.
Article No. 1 278 | July 24, 2014
Creating Outstanding Experiences for Digital Natives
by Saskia Schippers, Meike Mak
A survey of Digital Natives reveals a group of impatient users with fragmented attention spans who demand fast and intuitive products and services.
Article No. 892 | October 25, 2012
Automotive at the UX Roulette Wheel
By combining user-centric and graphic design, two major U.S. car-makers could have saved themselves tons and tons of money.
Lillien Waller
Lillien Waller is a writer at the College for Creative Studies in Detroit.
College for Cre...
College for Creative Studies (CCS) is an art and design college located in Detroit. Their MFA in Integrated Design produces graduates who are able to decode multi-dimensional design problems that require holistic approaches in order to create meaningful and valuable design solutions. The curriculum integrates multiple disciplines to prepare students for professional success—immersing students in both quantitative and qualitative research to explore and better understand the factors contributing to a particular problem and the potential effects of proposed solutions.
Design Tools and Software
Flow and Immersion
Information Design and Architecture
John Napiorkowski
Exactly right. i don't know why it isn't mandatory that cars have docking stations for phones.
Sridutt
Nice. Maybe setting up the equivalent of a docking bay would ensure that kids use the phone when its synced to the cars stereo than with it in their hands.
Or better yet - parents can sync kids phone using a code. The car turns on ONLY when the key is in and thephone is in the docking station, synced to the stereo. In case of an emergency, like the phone getting lost, kids get an auth code form parents to feed into the stereo to turn on the car. That will change every time its used - preventing re-use.
Adeel Khalid
Good efforts, yet the idea was originally generated and floated from UK in 2012, which I see was more easy, having 2 set of keys, Parent & Kid, with Kid Key set limits. The suggestion in this current idea is to provide a spare car, which is a cost factor on it's own. Where is the one originated from UK was to have same key but 2 set of experiences, like your any other product / services (TV, Computer etc.) that is Adult Mode and Child Mode.
Alrticle can be read below.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2237435/How-teenage-proof-car-New-key-allow-parents-restrict-speed-youngsters-drive.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home > Alisa Weilerstein, Classical Music, Music, Writing > Heart Strings: World-renowned cellist Alisa Weilerstein refuses to let chronic illness slow her down and she encourages others to pursue their dreams, too
Heart Strings: World-renowned cellist Alisa Weilerstein refuses to let chronic illness slow her down and she encourages others to pursue their dreams, too
February 19, 2012 leoadambiga Leave a comment Go to comments
Talent is an attractive thing. I am drawn to it as readily as the next person. In my work I get to speak with more than my share of gifted individuals, including performers of one kind or another. Classical music has great appeal to me but I don't take the opportunity as much I would like to attend concerts. It just so happens that in the past couple yeara or so I have done a number of assignments that involved classical music artists and so I have basked more frequently in the power and spelendor or that music than normal. Of course, when it's performed or interpreted by enormously gifted artists it's even more special, and that was the case with this story from a couple years ago about international cellist star Alicia Weilerstein. She was a delight to interview and she was an inspiration to see perform. Her passion on stage is impressive. Her playing, sublime. It's neat to be able to get to know the performer a bit and then see her do her thing. There's something both ethereal and earthy about the way she performs that's quite captivating. Her head and her heart both feed her work.
Heart Strings:
World-renowned cellist Alisa Weilerstein refuses to let chronic illness slow her down and she encourages others to pursue their dreams, too
Originally published in Metro Magazine
Dynamic cellist Alisa Weilerstein's breakthrough moment as a child both had nothing at all to do with her already planned music career and yet everything to do with it.
At age 9 she was diagnosed with Type I diabetes, the kind of news no one wants to hear, least of all someone with a fragile dream of performing on stage with the world's finest symphony orchestras.
But a setback doesn't stop the doers in life from fulfilling their wishes. That's why the 20-something Weilerstein comes to her May 29 and 30 Holland Performing Arts Center concerts with the Omaha Symphony Orchestra this weekend on the fast-track to classical music superstardom.
In Omaha she'll perform Franz Joseph Haydn's "Concerto in C Major for Cello and Orchestra," a-long-thought lost piece rediscovered in 1961. It received its first modern performance in 1962. The concerto's three movements display the soloist-orchestra concertante "agreement" of Haydn's time — an 18th century classical music call and response style. The serene centerpiece adagio is for strings only. It's bracketed by spirited passages in which cello and orchestra go wild.
The American soloist, who began playing professionally at 14, has been called "a young old master." Major symphony orchestras and music festivals in America and Europe clamor to engage her virtuoso talent. Icons like Yo-Yo Ma and Zubin Mehta sing her praises. Reviewers commend the bold passion she expresses in her intense, energetic performance on stage.
She does all this despite her diabetes. A daily regimen of insulin injections, blood sugar monitoring and strict dietary practices allows her to maintain a schedule of 100-plus concert/recital dates a year. Her exuberant life and work exemplify just how much one can accomplish when properly managing the condition.
Cellist Alisa Weilerstein.
Wherever she goes these days she delivers this empowering message of hope as a Celebrity Advocate for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, whose mission is outreach, education and finding a cure. In Omaha she's invited area children with diabetes to attend an open rehearsal session and then meet her at a reception backstage, where she'll do an informal Q & A. Her role is to encourage anyone coping with diabetes with her own inspiring personal story.
"The message I want to get across is, one doesn't have to abandon any ambition because of it," Weilerstein said by phone.
Omaha-Council Bluffs JDRF chapter executive director Shawn Reynolds said it's a needed message: "Diabetes can be life-threatening and life-limiting, and ambassadors like Alisa inspire individuals with Type 1 diabetes to face their dreams for their lives without fear."
Courage is a process. After the jolt of finding out she had diabetes Weilerstein gritted her teeth and did what she had to do to keep her dream on track.
"It was overwhelming and, actually, I think I was more in shock than anything," she said. "I didn't try and deny it. I thought, 'Oh, this sucks, but this is what it is and I'm going to do the best I can to take care of it.' I had great doctors who assured me I would live a very long, healthy, productive life with it and it was completely possible to do whatever I wanted to do with the monkey I now had in my life."
Then came her next challenge — conquering the needle by teaching herself to self-inject. She was a determined little girl who wouldn't let anything, much less an illness, stand in her way. She learned to do it.
"I've always been very self-motivated and focused. If I decided I really wanted to do something or fix something I've always put my whole energy behind that."
As she's discovered, managing her disease and mastering her art require similar qualities. "Discipline and focus, that's what they both have in common," she said.
"They both take constant vigilance. Well, in a way one's work is never done with the art and one's work is certainly never done with diabetes. There's always stuff you can do to improve it. It's kind of this huge sort of juggling act to take care of diabetes and for sure to carry a full concert schedule with all the repertoire."
Her ability to handle it all with aplomb is why many in the music world were surprised when she revealed she's been a Type 1 diabetic since childhood. Until last year only family and friends knew about Weilerstein's diabetes. She didn't go public before because of questions her affliction invariably elicits.
"The reason I was private about it is that there is a stigma attached to it still unfortunately — about the complications that are possible to get," she said.
She abhors the suggestion her disease might slow her down or necessitate a scaled-back career or touring slate. She doesn't like making excuses.
"I just didn't want anyone to entertain that thought remotely, so I kept it to myself and wanted to prove that I could handle any schedule that was thrown at me. And now that I have proved that I feel completely comfortable talking about it. I feel like I'm at a point where I can help people, which is something I've wanted to do.
"I am luckily in a position to reach more people because I travel so much and it's a nice way to take advantage of that."
©Photo: Jamie Jung
Thus, she uses music as a medium for reaching out to others as a creative artist who just happens to be diabetic.
Music is a family legacy. Her father, violinist Donald Weilerstein, was a founder of the Cleveland Quartet. Her mother, pianist Vivian Hornik Weilerstein, is equally accomplished. Her parents have their own separate touring careers and the family occasionally performs together as the Weilerstein Trio.
Alisa felt the call as a preschooler. "I knew exactly what I wanted from a very early age — I wanted to be a professional cellist," she said. "There was no question in my mind. I can't remember not wanting to play the cello." Why the cello? "I think it has the widest range of emotion of any instrument. It's the closest to the human voice. We have the deepest bass, the highest soprano. I really think it's capable of producing an indescribable amount of color, of emotions, of touching so many people."
She begged her folks for a cello at age 4. They acquiesced. She began taking lessons. Her parents resisted pressure to tap her soon-evident prodigious gift.
"When I was very little there were people who were saying to my parents, 'Alisa's very talented and why aren't you demanding more from her?' My parents said, 'Well, we want her to be a kid and to love the instrument and not think of it as just work.' They were quite smart about it," she said, admiringly.
At 9 her training turned more rigorous. "I went to teachers who had me work in a methodical way to really build a solid foundation and from then on I started practicing much harder. You know, hours of scales, arpeggios and etudes. I went through a ton of repertoire in a very, very careful manner and I really credit that for my technical development." Despite pressure, her career progressed gradually.
©photo Erin Baiano for The New York Times
"My manager, I give her a lot of credit. She went very carefully with me," said Weilerstein, who interrupted her touring to attend Columbia University. "I really feel like I had a full experience as a kid and as a young adult. That's something I felt very, very strongly about. I wanted to meet different people from different backgrounds and to not constantly be surrounded by musicians and to also get a real education. My family was one hundred percent behind me.
"I never felt pushed into anything, and I just feel incredibly lucky things have worked the way they have, not just because they're going so well but because things went very slowly."
Since resuming music full-time, she said, "things have really jumped. The quality of work has gotten so much better and I've also been playing a lot more. I'm very grateful for that." The whirlwind she's on now can be "grueling and tiring," she said, "but for me, at least at this point, it's really worth it." Besides, she's paid to do what she loves. "I'm really enjoying it, I really am."
Two more benefits of her life in music — working with great artists and meeting a diversity of people. She has friends now all over the globe. She expects to make some new friends in Omaha. "I'm looking forward to meeting some kids and families dealing with diabetes. It's really nice to work with young people."
Categories: Alisa Weilerstein, Classical Music, Music, Writing Tags: Alisa Weilerstein, Classical Music Stars
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My favorite color is purple and my favorite food is chicken tenders. I drive a 96 green Trans AM. My shoe size is 7 1/2 and a size 3 in most clothes. I'm 5'4, and I have blonde hair and blue eyes. My major is Dental Hygene. I love to see people smile.
My interests are fashion, movies, music and working out but most of all going to the clubs and dancing the night away. I also work at a night club. I'm not the kind o f girl that drinks or does drugs. I'm into healthy things. I believe that if you take care of your body your body will take care of you.
Dancing is great exercise and socializing with other people is also healthy. I have an inner wildness inside. That's why I'm doing this web modeling. I have been to N.Y & California. I have done a little T.V. in my home town. Karate is another hobby.
At this point I'm a purple belt. I'm into romance novels as I'm a hopeless romantic. I think every girl should have her own love story. I haven't had mine yet. I guess I'm into others instead of working on my on. I'm still young and I've got my whole life ahead of me.
I also like collecting stamps, porcelain dolls, and going to the beach every chance I get. I'm a self confident person, trust worthy and I never tell a lie. I am a good friend & sister & aunt. My parents said they couldn't ask for a better daughter. I guess you can say I'm an All American Girl.


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TSC reaches milestone in autonomous driving tech research
By John Thornton	 October 18, 2016 No Comments
The Transport Systems Catapult (TSC) in the UK has successfully tested its self-driving vehicles in public for the first time. This demonstration marked the conclusion of the LUTZ Pathfinder project, which has been developing the technology for the past 18 months.
Selenium, the autonomy software running the vehicle, was developed by Oxford University's Oxford Robotics Institute and integrated by Oxford University spin-off company Oxbotica onto an electric vehicle. Selenium uses data from cameras and lidar systems to navigate its way around the environment.
The test runs took place on pavements around the train station and business district of the UK town of Milton Keynes. In the future it is expected that vehicles like these will be used for local transportation in urban areas.
Neil Fulton, program director at the TSC explained, "This public demonstration represents a major milestone for autonomous vehicles in the UK and the culmination of an extensive project involving UK companies and experts. Oxford University's technology will go on to power automated vehicles around the world and the LUTZ Pathfinder project will now feed into a much wider program of autonomous trials across the UK."
Following the trial, the TSC's Automated Transport Systems team will continue to research the challenges and promote the benefits of increased automation in transport.
"Through the LUTZ Pathfinder project we have started to create a world leading urban testbed for connected and automated vehicles. We can now capitalize on the unique position of having the environment and the development platform to conduct further research and trials," Fulton commented.
"To that end we have started work building an automated vehicle test and integration facility, which will enable other UK universities and SMEs to work with the Catapult on new self-driving technology."
John Thornton
John joined UKi Media & Events in 2012 and has worked across a range of B2B titles within the company's automotive, marine and entertainment divisions. Currently editor of Automotive Testing Technology International, Crash Test Technology International and Electric & Hybrid Marine Technology International, John co-ordinates the day-the-day operations of each magazine, from commissioning and writing to editing and signing-off, as well managing web content. Aside from the magazines, John also serves as co-chairman of the annual Electric & Hybrid Marine Awards and can be found sniffing out stories throughout the halls of several of UKI's industry-leading expo events.
Rohde & Schwarz and Noffz collaborate on production test system for automotive imaging radars
GTO Engineering appoints CTO as Squalo project advances
Deepen AI adds IMU and radar calibration tools
BMW undertakes hot-weather testing of i7 EV
Radar scene emulator from Keysight Technologies enables complex lab-based test scenarios


Rabbit Loves Kim: It's time already!
Okay, so.. how do i get rid of that envious feeling?
first, i tried not to see (though sometimes i still try to see but i cannot coz i delete the facebook in order to not seeing). So, don't see much, don't think much, and move on!
and that's all! All the envious gone like the wind! And after rain, here comes the rainbow!
I feel grateful! for a lot of random stuff!
one of the most simple stuff (and maybe laughable to some of you because my thinking is so er..) which i am grateful of is because how i often think how lucky those some of my friends (girls) who studied abroad and got their life mate there (mostly have quite a nice life one), came back for good, get married, and become a thau ke so or work helping their life mate's business.
I am uplifting my mood!
- some bullets i shot did well and made me happy!
And yesterday when i was reading Xiaxue's formspring, i read her answers talking about The Secret.
I was like thinking that i am not enjoying work, therefore i feel so! Time's a wastin.
So, yeah! It's time already! I saw the future already ! Here comes the rainbow!


IR12x16x20-INA dimension chart - all dimensions in mm unless indicated. d D B r Be the © 2018 Wych Bearings Limited.
Shanghai allen bearings working for INA IR12X16X20 bearings many years, we are working for stock. INA IR12X16X20 bearings is in stock now, another, we also have other bearings brand.


Yes. I am back. In full swing. How best to explain to you? Think of a bird who suddenly became tired of flying. It once enjoyed flying everywhere with all the other birds in the sky. Maybe the bird was flying way too much or flying in the wrong directions and became exhausted.
As the bird continue to refuse to fly, it realized how it envied all the other birds flying over the sky. It also realized that flying was a part of the bird's nature. After two months, the bird could not take it any longer and decided to flap its wings once more. The bird was happy to be up in the sky again and to feel alive.


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Diploma in Health Science (exit only)
Approved Abbreviation: DipHtlhSc(ex)
Western Sydney University Course Code: 7018.4
AQF Level: 5
CRICOS Code: 068986B
The Diploma in Health Science is available as an exit point only from 6000 - Diploma in Health Science/Bachelor of Health Science
Students should follow the course structure for the course version relevant to the year they commenced. This version applies to students whose commencement year for this course is 2015 or later.
Units may be revised or replaced to ensure students are provided with up to date curriculum throughout their studies, and this may result in a new course version. Refer to the Check My Course Progress page in MySR for the most up to date information for your course.
Commencement Year: 2014 - 7018.3 Diploma in Health Science
Commencement Year: 2012 -2013 - 7018.2 Diploma in Health Science
Commencement Year: 2011 - 7018.1 Diploma in Health Science (Health Promotion, Health Services Mgmt & Therapeutic Recreatn Pathway)
This course is delivered by Western Sydney University, The College as an agent of Western Sydney University.
For more information on Western Sydney University, The College, please refer to their web site
Western Sydney University, The College
The Diploma in Health Science is designed to provide students with the first year units included in the Bachelor of Health Science course. The Diploma presents students with subjects covering introductory Science, Communication and Health aspects of the Bachelor of Health Science course. Transition to tertiary study is assisted by the inclusion of Foundation level Academic English and Science. The Diploma aims to produce students who are fully prepared for study beyond the first year of the Bachelor of Health Science degree in the specified key programs of Health Promotion, Health Services Management, Therapeutic Recreation and public Health. This course, completed in a smaller, more supportive learning environment than usually found in first year undergraduate programs, is designed to develop students to have greater ability in self-directed study and have the self esteem that comes from prior achievement in a tertiary environment
One year full-time (three terms).
This course is an exit award only
The aim of the course is to prepare students for tertiary study in Health Science areas of Health Promotion, Health Services Management and Therapeutic Recreation. The Diploma will be accredited by the University, as principal, to enable its agent, Western Sydney University, The College, to produce students who are fully prepared for study beyond the first year of a tertiary award.
Local students entering this Diploma are required to have:
Completed an English unit in the NSW Higher School Certificate, Or
Competency in English at IELTS 6.0 equivalent (unless a native speaker) Or
Passed the English test administered by Western Sydney University, The College at IELTS 6.0 equivalent Or
Passed the Foundation Studies Academic English unit, offered by Western Sydney University, The College at C grade level or higher for which advanced standing can be applied for.
Met other entry requirements such as:
An ATAR identified prior to the offer of a place (the ATAR will be set each year at a level below that for admission for the Bachelor of Health Science) Or
Completed the Foundation Studies course offered by Western Sydney University, The College, with a Grade Point Average of 5.5 or higher.
English Entry Requirements. International students entering the Diploma must satisfy one of the following language requirements:
IELTS 6.0 with a minimum 5.5 in each sub band Or
Completed the EAP III course, offered by Western Sydney University, The College, with a 50% pass Or
Academic Entry Requirements vary according to country of origin. However, in general:
Completion of Year 12 or its equivalent is the minimum entry requirement Or
Successful completion of the following units will allow students to enter the second year of the Bachelor of Health Science (with key programs in Health Promotion, Health Services Management, Therapeutic Recreation or Public Health) at Western Sydney University with 80 credit points of advanced standing.
Qualification for this award requires the successful completion of the units listed below.
700065 Approaches to Health Promotion (WSTC)
700062 Communication in Health (WSTC)
700064 Foundations of Research and Evidence-Based Practice (WSTC)
700061 Introduction to Human Biology (WSTC)
700067 Professional Health Competencies (WSTC)
700066 Population Health and Society (WSTC)
700060 Psychology and Health (WSTC)
700075 Professional Pathways in Health Science (WSTC)
Students must pass the following preparatory level units for which no advanced standing will be granted in the Western Sydney University degree program
700056 Academic English (WSTC Prep)
700190 Fundamentals of Health Science (WSTC Prep)
Students must also pass the following non-award unit. This unit does not count for credit towards the Diploma.
700170 Tertiary Study Skills in Health Science (WSTC Prep)


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Lisa Langeland
Fantasy Fiction TCL #8 - Summer 2013
Where the River Runs – Part 2
By Lisa Langeland on Tuesday, December 10, 2013
Above me, the citadel's irrigation turned on, sending a silent mist down onto the arbor. I tracked wet footprints to my room and wedged the desk chair under the doorknob.
I fell into a fitful slumber, but woke to an unchanged room. I sat up and wrapped my arms around my knees. Had I imagined it all? Somehow, that thought was less reassuring than the alternative. I got up, but my hands hesitated to remove the chair from the door. What if the fox or Kenn were waiting for me? What if they weren't? I cursed my indecision. I was tired of being afraid, tired of being alone, and tired of being tired of everything.
I pushed the chair free and headed to the cove. It was time to find some answers on my own. I slowly eased myself into the warm water. My black hair fanned out around my shoulders as I took a deep breath and dived. The fish scattered at the intrusion. I patted down the walls in search of an opening, but it was clear after several attempts that it was far deeper. I clung to the pavestones at the cove's edge as I caught my breath. I didn't relish swimming beyond the light's reach, but I had come this far. It seemed silly to quit.
I kicked off from the wall to propel myself into the depths. As the light dimmed, I felt around blindly. My hands scraped against rocks and tangled in weeds as I pulled myself deeper and deeper. I soon realized my folly. In the darkness, I had no way of knowing which way was up. I turned around and frantically pulled myself in the direction I thought I had come, but the water grew no lighter. My lungs screamed. Had the shadows finally caught up with me?
Kenn's sinuous form suddenly coiled around me and hauled me to the surface. I greedily gulped air as he swam me to the pavestones. His arms held me there for mine were leaden.
"What were you thinking?" ask Kenn, his tone a mixture of concern and anger.
"I was looking for the entrance."
"It's deeper than you can swim on your own," he said. "Promise me you'll never try that again."
I gave him a sideways glance. His expression revealed nothing, but the yellow of his eyes had swallowed the green.
"I have no desire to die like my little brother," I said.
"He drowned?"
"He took his own life," I said as I stared at the pavestones in front of me, "rather than fight in the war that killed our older brother and my husband. He was barely 16."
"You were married," stated Kenn, his tone inquiring yet tinted with a note of surprise.
"For two months, before he went off to fight," I said. "A month later, I was a widow. And now there's no one left."
"You're still here."
The angry scrapes on my hands glared accusingly at me. "I've come so close to death so many times. I'm beginning to think even it doesn't want me."
"Then perhaps there is something you still need to do."
I snorted. "I've done everything that was ever asked of me. I have nothing left to give except my life, and I thought I had already given that. Yet here I am."
"Jianna, why did you want to find the tunnel?" asked Kenn. "You know how dangerous it is outside these walls."
I shrugged. "Just in case."
"In case what?"
I bit my bottom lip, glad he couldn't see my face. "In case you didn't come back."
Kenn shifted in the water to move beside me. "I would never abandon you here."
The sincerity in his voice made me feel guilty for doubting him. I met his gaze.
His eyes darkened to green again. "Did something happen?"
"You were gone for so long," I said. "I thought I must have offended you in some way."
By Lisa Langeland on Tuesday, December 3, 2013
I awoke to the day I died, which was more than I expected. Pungent blades of grass tickled my cheek. I inhaled its moist earthiness, but feared it would disappear and I would be back in the hell I had left behind—along with my life.
Steeled for disappointment, I rolled onto my back, but my eyes were met by blue sky. A small bird flew overhead, followed by another and then another. I sat up. There shouldn't be birds. Not anymore. Had I truly found my way to heaven? Not only were there grass and clouds and birds, but tree leaves rippled in the breeze and wildflowers speckled the meadow in which I laid.
I had to be dead for I knew no place like this existed anymore. Not where I came from. Not where dust choked the atmosphere on the best of days and dimmed the sun even at midday. Not where we eked out a miserable existence trying to nurture what could not grow without water or light or insects.
This had to be heaven though I doubted my worthiness. Perhaps my last act had delivered me here. The dark cloud had rushed toward me behind a percussion of wind. I knew it would mean my death for there was nowhere to go. I had trapped myself outside the bunker to manually seal it, the remote locking mechanism fouled by the constant dust. I knew the price. My life was the only thing I had left to lose, unlike those huddled inside.
And yet I was alive and unhurt. If the bunker or the scorched earth ever existed here, both were now gone, hidden perhaps by the life around me.
Wood snapped with ominous volume from the nearest stand of trees. A flock of the birds erupted into the sky and a lone deer bolted into the clearing soon after. My inner voice screamed at me to flee from anything that would approach with such disregard. I resisted until a motley group of animals burst through the tree line. They were larger than any animal should be, and their eyes held an eerie, cruel intelligence that told me their intentions were no more admirable than those who had killed me the first time. I ran.
I managed to stay ahead of them, but just. I dodged and darted between trees, not unlike the deer, and with the same urgency. The same fear. A downward slope sped my feet until it leveled out at a wide river. My frayed skirt floated on the water's surface as I waded in. The river was too swift for me to cross or swim, but I desperately hoped my pursuers would fear it for the same reason. I was wrong. They stepped into the water, forcing me deeper into the grip of the current where something slid against my leg. It occurred to me then that, unlike the dead rivers I knew, this one might be home to creatures far more dangerous than the animals. I prayed the river would take me first.
Instead, the lengthy, undulating body of a serpent surged toward the animals. They fled as if water had turned caustic. The serpent's bone-pale body coiled back on itself in the shallows as it raised its horned head above the water to survey the prey banished to the shore. And then it spoke.
"If you wish to live, you must come with me."
The serpent retreated back toward me. As it did so, the animals waded into the water again.
"Hurry," urged the serpent as it circled me in the water.
I grabbed the horns on either side of its head and dragged myself onto its ridged back, my legs hugging its sides as it surged forward with the river current. The animals were not so easily deterred. They raced along the shoreline, but the serpent easily out-paced them. The land soon fell away as the river emptied into a broad bay.
"You need to take a deep breath and hold on tightly," said the serpent, looking back at me. "Can you do that?"


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Home >Taiwan Culture Toolkit > Traditional Performing Arts > Themes > Music > Indigenous Music
Indigenous music is a general term for the traditional music created by different indigenous tribes in Taiwan. Each of the sixteen indigenous tribes has its own music with distinctive qualities and subject matter, but such music features traditional singing and dancing for ceremonies, traditional folk songs, nursery rhymes, and traditional rhythms.
Seediq's Traditional Culture and Arts Troupe
Seediq is the 14th recognized tribe of Taiwanese indigenous. Members of the tribe mainly reside in Renai Township of Nantou County, encompassing the Z... (Read more)
Sound to Heaven Lileh of Bunun Tribe
Driven by a sense of mission of culture inheritance, the Ming-Te tribe in Hsin-I Village of Nantou County, which is affiliated with the Bunun Culture ... (Read more)
Performance of Seediq Jaw Harps
In the traditional life of the past, jaw harps were used in the daily life of the Seediq people. Whether for leisure recreation, accompaniment for dan... (Read more)
A Documentary Film on The Traditional Seediq Culture
In Nantou County, the home of the Seediq people, traditional songs and music and improvisational art are only performed by some elders who pass on the... (Read more)
Tracks of Ancestors
In the oral history of the Seediq Tribe, White Rock is the original site of their ancestors. When the tribal people hunt, White Rock guides and protec... (Read more)
A Sad Song on the Hardships of Being a Mother
This type of song describes the sad feelings associated with raising children. The lyrics are highly individualized, improvised to a large extent, and... (Read more)
The Sound Of Unyielding Lives: Traditional Music Of The Bunun Tribe
Speaking of the music of the Bunun Tribe, the number one song that people take delight in talking about is "Pasibutbut – a song of the Bunun Sowing Fe... (Read more)
Bunun (Dcumentary of theTraditional Life and Culture of the Bunun Tribe)
With the trend of westernization making an impact in each corner of the world, a number of ethnic groups are gradually losing their ethnic characteris... (Read more)


The Pacific Southwest Minority Supplier Development Council (PSWMSDC) is the regional affiliate of the National Minority Supplier Development Council (NMSDC) that covers Arizona and San Diego County. Sixty percent (60%) of our certified minority enterprises possess a national or international business footprint. We Certify capable, qualified Minority Business Enterprises (MBEs) as bona-fide minority businesses. We then Connect our MBEs to procurement opportunities with our corporate member. Additionally, we Develop and Advocate for our clientele's inclusion in the corporate supply chain. There are currently 1,700 corporate members nationwide that support minority business development.


It's time for the yogi inside you to break away from the domestic views and get a breathtaking pristine view of nature acting at its best. It's time for you to have an affordable and refreshing yoga escape in one of the most peaceful resorts surrounded by nature and lush greenery. The tropical breeze mixed with the fresh air is your chance to unwind. The beautiful island offers you the best comfort and relaxation during your vacation. And it's the ideal location for you to meditate on your will without any disturbances. There's so much to explore and after the daily chakra balancing. It's time for you to take that wellness vacation that you deserve.