Diet supplementation with polyphenols is a novel strategy to improve meat quality in livestock, by preventing oxidative deterioration of lipids and protein. Polyphenols have beneficial effects on both human and animal health and can be obtained from several sources, such as olive mill wastewaters (OMWW). These are severe environmental pollutants and therefore may be recycled and utilized in other sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth performance, meat characteristics, fatty acid composition, antioxidant status, different forms of myoglobin and malondialdehyde formation in kids who received a diet supplemented with polyphenols obtained from OMWW. Weaned goat kids (n = 18) were divided into two homogenous groups: control (C) group (n = 9) received a fattening standard diet while the other group (n = 9) received the same diet, supplemented with 3.2 mg/day of polyphenols powder extract (PE group). Average daily gain (ADG) was calculated 10 days apart throughout the study. After 78 days, the kids were slaughtered and pH and carcass yield were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle was collected and utilized for chemical analysis, meat quality evaluation and oxidative stability.
No differences were recorded in ADG, carcass weight, pH and dressing between the two groups. Furthermore a similar meat proximate composition, texture and color was observed. Dietary polyphenols supplementation significantly (P < 0.01) decreased short chains (<C12:0) (2.93 + 0.50 and 0.35 + 0.40 g/100 g of fatty acids, for C and PE Group, respectively), and saturated (49.22 ± 2.39 and 39.51 ± 1.95 g/100 g, in C and PE Group, respectively) fatty acids. Furthermore, a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of monounsaturated (34.35 ± 2.84 and 42.22 ± 2.32 g/100 g, in C and PE Group, respectively) fatty acids was recorded. Malondialdehyde formation was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in PE compared to C Group (0.25 ± 0.005 and 0.15 ± 0.005, in C and PE Group, respectively).
Polyphenols dietary supplementation has positive effects on kid meat, improving fatty acid profile and reducing malondialdehyde contents. Furthermore the utilization of OMWW as the source of polyphenols may represent an innovative strategy to re-utilize agri-food industry wastes.
An increased awareness of the consumers was recently observed regarding red meat's production and consumption. A typical example was the latest report of the World Health Organization (WHO), which classified the consumption of red meat as "probably carcinogenic for man" , although, as outlined by other authors , there are still a number of gaps in the current knowledge about this topic. Furthermore, eating red meat has been correlated with higher incidence of chronic diseases . For this reason there has been an increased interest for new breeding techniques which confer potential health benefits to the consumers .
The supplementation of ruminants diet with antioxidants is considered an effective strategy for changing and ameliorating the fatty acid composition of meat in response to consumer demands . In fact, it has been observed that the inclusion of linseed and fish oil on the lamb diet may have a negative impact on the oxidative stability and on physicochemical properties of the meat . In addition, the changes that occur in the muscle during the post-mortem period may create an unbalanced proportion between the antioxidant and pro-oxidant capability, increasing the risks of oxidative damage . The antioxidant status of the muscle is the main factor affecting oxidative deterioration in meat . Oxidative deterioration of lipids and proteins in meat could adversely affect its nutritional quality and shelf life, reducing flavor, color and quality of meat, with a negative impact on meat consumption.
Thus, it is essential to preserve the quality and the safety of the meat by attenuating oxidative deterioration. Recently, the interest of food processing industries in the use of natural antioxidants rather than synthetic counterparts was increased, for either low environmental impact and economical reasons . Furthermore natural antioxidants are well accepted by the consumers, because they are considered safe and healthy . For these reasons, many studies have been carried out to develop new natural antioxidants, especially from plants , among which polyphenols. Polyphenols are a large family of more than 8000 natural compounds derived from plants and characterized by the presence of a phenol ring in their structure [10, 11]. Epidemiological, clinical and nutritional studies strongly support the evidence that dietary phenolic compounds are effective in the prevention of common diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and gastrointestinal disorders . Furthermore, a large number of studies suggest several immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds in humans [13, 14]. Some studies, performed in livestock, reported the positive effects of diet supplementation with polyphenols on pigs and chicken health. [11, 15, 16]. In addition, it has been hypothesized that dietary supplementation with polyphenols would increase beneficial lipids and oxidative stability of myoglobin and reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) [see 11 for review].
Polyphenols can be obtained from several sources. One of these is the olive oil sector, particularly important in Mediterranean countries, such as Spain (the leading producer), Italy, Greece, Turkey, Syria and Tunisia. Olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) are the main pollutant by-phase and traditional suction systems Mills. The management of OMWW is a serious environmental issue for the presence of organic compounds that turn OMWW into phytotoxic materials . Nevertheless, OMWW contains valuable resources, such as polyphenols, which can represent about 10% of OMWW dry weight . Some olive oil derived-compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol, have an important role in preventing cardiovascular diseases . Thus OMWW could be recycled and utilized in other sectors, such as animal feeding, to reduce its environmental impact.
Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation with polyphenols obtained from OMWW in the diet of Saanen goat kids on growth performance and meat quality. In particular, meat proximate composition, texture and colorimetric properties, fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation and the level of the different forms of myoglobin of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle were evaluated.
All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethical Committee on Animal Research of the University of Naples (Protocol number: 2014/0105988 of 1st December 2014), and the study was carried out in accordance with EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments.
The trial was performed on 18 Saanen female kids maintained in the experimental farm of CREA (Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture) located in Bella (PZ), in the South of Italy, at 40°75′ latitude and 15°67′ W longitude, and 802 m above sea level. The kids were allowed natural suckling until weaning, that occurred at 69 days of age. After weaning the animals were divided into 2 homogeneous groups, according to age and live body weight (LW), recorded at both birth and weaning: Control (C) group (n = 9): received a fattening standard diet (Table 1); Polyphenols extract (PE) group (n = 9): received the same diet of control group, supplemented with a powder of polyphenols extract from OMWW (3.2 mg/day, see below). The amount of polyphenols powder was defined according to antioxidant activity (see below) and some studies performed in growing lambs .
The kids of each group were individually penned in boxes (1 m2) throughout the study that lasted 78 days. All kids had free access to water and received the same ration, consisting of alfalfa hay ad libitum and a starter concentrate administered in increasing amount according to the growth following the recommendation of National Research Council . Feed was administered twice a day, at 8.00 and 16.00 and polyphenols powder was mixed on daily bases with the concentrate in the PE Group. The inclusion level of polyphenols extract was variable throughout the study according the amount of administered concentrate from 1.70% at the start of the trial to 0.83% in the last week (1.16% on average). Feed intake was determined from orts (refusals) collected daily in the morning (when present) before the next feed administration. The amount and the composition of orts were utilized to calculate the dry matter (DM) intake and the composition of the ingested diet. Individual feedstuff and orts were sampled every 15 days and the analyses were carried out as per AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) procedures  after drying at 65 °C and mechanical reduction of the samples (granulometry 1 mm for all analyses). The chemical composition of individual feedstuff is reported in Table 1.
Each animal was individually weighed 10 days apart and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated by dividing the difference between two consecutive LW measurements (LW1 and LW2) with the number of days elapsed (LW2 − LW1/days).
Polyphenols extract from OMWW was obtained and characterized as reported by Parrillo et al. . Briefly, the polyphenolic extract was obtained by membrane separation of OMWW according to previous studies  and the main phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC (LC-4000 Series Integrated HPLC Systems, JASCO, Japan) according to Azaizeh et al.  (Table 2). Total phenols content in OMWW extract was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method . The antioxidant activity of the OMWW extract was evaluated by using the free radical ABTS (2,2-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), according to the procedures described by Re et al. .
All carcasses were stored at 2 °C for 24 h. Ultimate pH was assessed 24 h post-mortem on LTL muscle and the carcasses were weighed again. After that, a professional butcher removed the LTL muscle, between the sixth thoracic and 5th lumbar vertebra, from the right side of each carcass. LTL samples were stored at 4 °C and used for chemical analysis, meat quality evaluation and oxidative stability. Furthermore, pH was also assessed 48 h post-mortem on LTL muscle as described above.
All analyses were carried out in the Laboratories of the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), and Department of Agriculture Sciences (DIA) of University of Naples Federico II (Italy). The chemical composition of LTL muscle was determined on refrigerated (4 °C) samples according to the AOAC procedures  by using a Foodscan equipment (Food Scan™Lab 78,810). Each sample was analyzed in duplicate.
Tenderness was evaluated on meat cooked in a thermostatically controlled water bath at 90 °C on day 1 after slaughtering. To monitor temperature achieved in the middle of the sample (70 °C), a portable digital thermometer (TEMP7 thermometer digital microprocessor for Pt100 probes, TECNAFOOD MO, IT) was used. After cooking the samples were dried with paper, in order to eliminate the moisture on the surface, and held in a cooler at 4 °C before coring. A minimum of four cores of 1.27 cm2 from each LTL muscle were obtained parallel to the longitudinal orientation of the muscle fibers. The Instron 5565 with a Warner–Bratzler shear (WBS) device and crosshead speed set at 100 mm/min and a load cell of 500 kg  was used. According to Girard et al. , the measured parameters were Shear myofibrillar force (SMF) and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) both expressed in kg. Indeed in a shear force curve some peaks of less importance may be observed, before and after maximum positive peak shear force (WBSF). Bouton & Harris  related these first small peaks to the myofibrillar component of shear force coinciding with initial yield (SMF). WBSF minus SMF estimates the connective tissue contribution.
The color of the meat was determined on the surface of samples using a U3000 spectrophotometer, equipped with integrating sphere (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Although illuminant D65 is largely utilized, the use of Illuminant A is recommended by AMSA . For this reason color coordinates, employing the CIEL*a*b* system with two illuminants, D65 (6500 K) and A (2856 K) and 10° standard observer, were Lightness (L*); redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were also calculated, according to AMSA . The color analyses were carried out in duplicate every day, from 24 h post-mortem until day 7, on samples (diameter 2.54 cm, thick 2 cm) stored at 4 °C. The samples were placed on white trays and wrapped with oxygen-permeable film.
Where AL*, ∆a*and ∆b*are the differences between L*, a* and b* values at time 0 and the individual readings each day.
where R expresses the reflectance at a specific wavelength in decimal (0.30 rather than 30%).
Fatty acid composition of the meat was assessed on fresh samples on day 1 post-slaughtering. The muscle was blended in a food processor and the lipids were extracted from 5 g samples in duplicate, using chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) . The extracted lipids were transmethylated to their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to Christie . The amount of fatty acid (g/100 g of FAME) was determined by gas chromatography using a chromatograph (DANI fast GC, Italy), with a flame ionization detector and equipped with a capillary column (TR-CN 100) (60 m × 0.25 mm diameter × 20 μm). Helium was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The split ratio was 50:1, the injector was set at 280 °C and the detector at 240 °C. The oven temperature was programmed and held at 80 °C for 5 min, then increased to 165 °C at 5 °C/min, held at 165 °C for 1 min, and then increased to 260 °C at 3 °C/min, and then held at 260 °C for 1 min.
Identification of each fatty acid was obtained by comparing the chromatogram with the reference standard mixture of Supelco 37 component series FAME MIX (Supelco Bellefonte, PA, USA) and a mixture of CLA isomers (Nu-Chek-Prep, Inc., Elysian, MN, USA). Retention time and area of each peak were calculated using the Clarity software (Clarity v.2.4.1.77, Data Apex Ltd., 2005). The atherogenic index (AI) and the thrombogenic index (TI) were obtained by using the following equations .
The evaluation of lipid oxidation in meat was based on the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary lipid oxidation product (nmol/μg of meat). MDA was determined by a specific kit (Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) according to the manual instructions. MDA was quantified by spectrophotometric analysis (Model 680 Microplate Reader, Biorad, Italy), at a wave length of 532 nm. MDA content was evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days post-slaughtering.
The experimental data were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the linear model of the SAS software , following confirmation of normality and homogeneity of variance. The influence of dietary treatment (polyphenols supplemented diet or control diet),storage (day 1, 3 and 7) and their interaction (dietary treatment x storage) were used as main factors to analyze color parameters, MDA levels and the different forms of myoglobin. Results are presented as mean values with standard error of mean (SEM). The mean were compared using the Student's t-test. The differences were considered significant when P values were lower than 0.05, whereas a tendency was considered for P < 0.10.
The effects of polyphenols supplementation on growth performance and carcass properties are shown in Table 3. A similar ADG from weaning to slaughter and a similar weight at slaughter were observed in the two Groups. Furthermore, carcass weights and yields were similar between groups at 0 and 24 h post mortem (Table 3). No significant differences were observed in the pH decline values between the groups both at 45′ minutes and 24 h post-mortem (Table 3).
A similar meat chemical composition was recorded in C and PE group (Table 4).
The texture assay highlights a double peak (SMF = 1st peak and WBSF = 2nd peak)in 9/9 animals of C samples compared to 3/9 animals of PE counterparts. SMF values obtained by deformation curves where a double peak was evident, tended to be higher (P = 0.06) in PE compared to C group, whereas similar WBSF values were recorded (Table 5).
The color coordinates detected by using the two illuminants (A and D65) were similar between the two groups. In fact, although the illuminant A would give more emphasis on the proportion of red wave lengths, no significant differences were recorded in lightness (L*); redness (a*), yellowness (b*) between the two groups and throughout the storage. Furthermore, no significant interaction storage x treatment was assessed. Slight differences were observed in color differences (∆E*) during the first three days of storage in the meat of PE Group compared to the control when analyzed by illuminant A, while an opposite trend was recorded with the illuminant D65. In any case, no statistical differences were recorded (Fig. 1) and subsequently the changes showed the same trend with both illuminants.
Neither dietary treatment (P = 0.77 and P = 0.99, for OMb and MMb, respectively) nor storage period (P = 0.33 and P = 0.10, for OMb and MMb, respectively) and their interaction (P = 0.98 and P = 0.95, for OMb and MMb, respectively) influenced the estimated levels of myoglobin forms. As expected, during the storage period, the estimated level of MMb tended to increase in both groups, while the levels of OMb decreased until 3 days and increased after 7 days of storage (Table 6).
The fatty acids composition of LTL intramuscular lipids in the two groups is shown in Table 7. Dietary polyphenols supplementation determined a decrease of short chain fatty acids (<C12:0) as well as of Myristic (C14:0) Myristoleic (C14:1), Pentadecanoic (C15:0), Palmitic (C16:0) and Palmitoleic (C16:1) acids.
A significant lower (P < 0.01) percentage of saturated (SFA) and higher (P < 0.05) proportion of monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids were recorded in PE group compared to C group. However, no differences were recorded in the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA):SFA ratio was influenced by the treatment (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the PUFA:SFA (P:S) ratio tended to be higher (P = 0.09) in PE group, compared to C group. Therefore, the meat of PE group was also characterized by a significant lower AI index (P < 0.05) and TI index (P < 0.01), compared to the control counterparts.
In relation to lipid oxidation, a significant effect of dietary treatment was observed. In particular, lower (P < 0.05) MDA values were recorded in PE group, compared to C group (0.25 ± 0.005 and 0.15 ± 0.005 in Group C and PE, respectively), as showed in Fig. 2, whereas neither the storage (P = 0.96) nor the interaction storage x dietary treatment (P = 0.97) influence the results.
This study aimed to ascertain the influence of dietary polyphenols administration on growth performance and meat quality in kids. Contrasting results have been reported on the effects of plant extracts administration on live weight gain, carcass weight and dressing percentage either in ruminants [35, 36], and not ruminants [11, 37]. According to some authors  no adverse effect on growth performance or protein and aminoacids digestibility were recorded in broilers after 2.5 g/kg of grape seed extracts administration, while a delayed growth rate was observed after 5 g/kg of supplementation. On the contrary, other authors  report an increase of final body weight and DWG in broilers fed dietary polyphenol-rich grape seed. Few studies have been performed in ruminants till now. Similar growth performance were observed in growing lambs fed a diet supplemented with grape pomace, vitamin E or grape seeds extract . Similarly, the supplementation of the diet with pomegranate seed pulp  or with vitamin E, Turmeric powder or Andrographis paniculata powder  did not affect the growth of kids.
Also in our study, growth performance was not influenced by dietary polyphenols supplementation, but some aspects need to be considered. First of all about 8000 phenolic compounds have been identified in different plant species  and in different amounts, creating serious difficulties in making a comparison among the studies. Furthermore, fewer information is present on bioavailability of phenolic compounds in ruminants and their effects on bacterial rumen population, fermentation and absorption  compared to non-ruminants . It can not be ruled out that different compounds and/or different amounts of polyphenols may lead to different results.
Also the proximate composition of the meat in our trial was not influenced by dietary polyphenols supplementation. This result is in agreement with previous studies carried out in goat, in which dietary herbal antioxidants  or vitamin E  were administered. Similarly, vitamin E supplementation did not affect carcass traits and dressing percentage in lambs . Regarding the texture, the meat of control kids showed the occurrence in all samples of an initial yield putatively related to the myofibrillar component of shear force and classified as shear myofibrillar force . On the contrary, a single peak was recorded in 6/9 animals of the PE group. For this reason, SMF values tended to be higher in PE group compared to C group. However, no differences were recorded for WBSF. This last result may indicate a similar collagen content of the meat recorded in the two groups. The evaluation of the contribution of either myofibrillar and connective tissue to meat texture after the cooking process can not be obtained without performing additional measurements . Some authors [42, 43] suggested that the connective tissue contribution may be recorded by subtracting the initial yield from the shear force peak: although the shear force does not accurately represent the contribution of connective tissue to muscle tenderness [27, 44, 45], it may be hypothesized a larger contribution of the connective component to the final hardness in the control group, compared to the PE counterparts. To our knowledge, few studies have been performed to evaluate texture parameters in small ruminants after polyphenols diet supplementation. Carnosic acid supplementation seems to be an useful tool to improve meat sensory characteristics in fattening lambs, similarly to Vitamin E . On the contrary, quercetin dietary supplementation seemed to worsen texture in fattening lambs .
No differences were observed in our study on color stability between the two groups, in accordance with previous reports carried out in lambs fed naringin supplementation . The color is an important meat quality attribute because it is the first aspect which attracts consumers when choosing fresh meat. Color stability is mainly due to the increase in myoglobin oxidation and consequent metmyoglobin formation and accumulation. Kid's meat is generally characterized by lower a* values compared to beef and lamb meat, outlining the difference in myoglobin concentration that reduces the discoloration. The effects of antioxidants on color stability in small ruminants have been analyzed in several studies in both kids [36, 40, 49] and lambs [39, 50] with contrasting results. According to some authors  no differences were recorded in kids fed pomegranate seed pulp on L*, while an increase of a* together with a decrease of b* was assessed. Similarly, no influence of vitamin E supplementation on color parameters was recorded in kids reared both in pen groups or maintained on pastures, although the rearing system significantly influenced meat color . Dietary supplementation with antioxidants (vitamin E and flavonoids in particular) influences color parameters in some [39, 51], but not all  studies performed in growing lambs. Other authors reported a significantly lighter meat after polyphenols administration in lambs, probably because of their action in chelating iron and consequent low haemoglobin concentration . Definitely, the results obtained in this study suggest that the concentration of MMb and OMb in meat, and consequently meat color, was not affected by dietary polyphenols supplementation. Only a slight lower, although not significant, ∆E* was observed in PE group, when detected by illuminant A. The latter determined higher value placing more emphasis on the proportion of red wave lengths. This aspect is important when the differences between treatments have to be highlighted, as outlined by AMSA . Similar results were obtained by other authors  by using a dietary supplementation with a blend of 80% canola oil and 20% palm oil, and were justified by physical changes that occur during the storage, and not directly related to the oxidative process , since no significant effects on color and oxidative stability of myoglobin was recorded. However, it can not be ruled out that the amount of dietary polyphenols was not able to highlight significant effects, thus further studies are needed to evaluate different dosages.
In our study polyphenols extract supplementation affected the fatty acid profile of the meat. In particular, a significantly higher concentration of MUFA, together with a reduction of SFA was observed in PE Group compared to control, but no effects were recorded on PUFA. The acidic composition of meat in ruminants is generally different from that of non-ruminants. The PUFA/SFA ratio is lower because of the hydrogenation of UFA in the rumen, while this process does not occur in monogastrics that absorb UFA without any transformation in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, several UFA that are normally present in the diet of ruminants, are saturated and can not be present in derived food . Thus, the diet plays the main role in the modification of fatty acid composition and rumen microbial population, as demonstrated by the evidence that rumen population activity on dietary UFA hydrogenation depends by the administered diet . Several studies carried out in vitro [55–57] demonstrated that some phenolic compounds can modulate rumen fermentation, reducing the rate of biohydrogenation of fatty acids. In particular, some plants with high polyphenols content would be able to lower the biohydrogenation of PUFA in the rumen, increasing their by-pass and, consequently, the formation of CLA . Similarly, an increase of C18 PUFA was recorded after 24 h in vitro incubation of an experimental diet with leaf fractions of papaya, extracted with hexane or chloroform . However, only an increase of C18:1 (oleic acid) was recorded in our study, together with a similar n6 and n3 PUFA and a similar concentration of CLA, although a slight increase of C18:1 trans was observed. It is known that the presence of CLA in the tissues depends from the desaturation of C18:1 trans-11, catalyzed through Δ9 desaturase . However, the amount of C18:1 trans-11 in ruminant meat and milk is influenced by its hydrogenation to stearic acid (C18:0) or other C18:1 isomers at the rumen level by the microbial population . It can not be ruled out that the amount of polyphenols extract utilized in our study might need to be increased to further improve the fatty acid profile of the meat. In a recent study , a lower amount of SFA, together with an increase of MUFA and lower AI and TI indexes were observed in kids after 450 mg/kg of vitamin E diet supplementation compared to control counterparts. Adeyemi et al. , reported a lower concentration of C16:0 and C16:1 n7 in goats fed 4 and 8% oil blend compared with control, justified by displacement or dilution effects of other fatty acids and by the decrease in the activity of lipogenic enzymes responsible for the synthesis of medium chain FA or the preferential incorporation of long chain FA from diet and/or adipose tissues. In a recent trial  dietary supplementation with red wine extract significantly increased the levels of C20:5 n3 in lambs, but no influence on oxidative stability was recorded. In any case, the P:S ratio, recognized as a healthy index, tended to be higher in PE group compared to control. Because of the hydrogenation of PUFA by the microbial population, the meat of ruminants is usually characterized by a low P:S ratio , leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the modification of fatty acid profile obtained in the present study suggests that dietary polyphenols administration may result in kid meat with beneficial effects on human health.
A further positive effect of polyphenols administration was recorded on oxidative stability of the meat, as demonstrated by the reduction of MDA, an aldehyde commonly utilized as marker of secondary lipid oxidation in meat and characterized by mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In fact, MDA changes the link between lipoproteins and scavenger receptors on the surface of macrophages causing cholesterol ester buildup and foam cell formation and may also react with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine, nitrogenous DNA bases, potentially causing mutations .
Although the values recorded in our study may be considered a limiting point from where rancid flavor overpowers flavor in beef  and MDA concentration is probably overestimated by spectrophotometric method , a significant decrease was observed in PE group compared to C group.
The use of antioxidant substances, such as high polyphenols content in the diet, reduces lipid peroxidation and the formation of DNA additives, by inhibiting the formation of MDA. A possible explanation of the antioxidant activity of polyphenols can be sought in the potential of chelating metal ions : they are able to bind iron, forming insoluble compounds at the gastrointestinal lumen level and making it unavailable for absorption. Iron has been recognized as the most likely catalyst to promote lipid peroxidation by the formation of free radicals formed following the Fenton reaction . This is supported by several studies carried out in chicken poultry , rats  and pigs , in which the inclusion in the diet of polyphenols obtained by different sources significantly reduces plasma iron concentration. Therefore, the reduction of iron absorption may explain the lower MDA content recorded in PE group compared to C group. However, it can not be ruled out that this phenomenon may be due to an enhancement of muscle oxidative stability, via an increased expression of Δ9 desaturase enzyme, as demonstrated in lambs fed tannins supplementation , or to the increase of endogenous antioxidant defense . In any case, our results are in agreement with other studies in which a significant reduction in MDA formation following polyphenols administration was recorded in goat , chicken  and turkey meat .
In conclusion, although no effects were observed on meat proximate composition, texture and colorimetric properties, the results of this study demonstrated that the supplementation of the diet with polyphenols extracts by OMWW is able to improve the fatty acid profile of kid meat, together with a reduction of MDA content. The utilization of this source of polyphenols may represent a novel strategy to re-utilize agri-food industry wastes as additives for livestock, meeting either meat industry and consumers requests of natural additives in animal farming. In any case, further studies are needed to test different doses of polyphenols and to better understand the role that the different categories of these compounds may have on meat quality.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Mr. Roberto Di Matteo for his technical support during meat quality analyses.
The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Emiliana Capurro, PhD, Dr. Trevor Cullen (Dublin, Ireland) and Dr. Claire Teter for language editing.
RC, GC and GN designed the experiment. EV, SC and MC prepared the polyphenols and determined their antioxidant activity. DR, SC, CMAB, MA and RC carried out the experiments. CMAB, RC and PDP performed the statistical analysis of the results. RC, GN, PDP and MC prepared the draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the analysis of the data, discussion of results and implications and commented on the manuscript at all stages. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Adeyemi KD, Sabow AB, Shittu RM, Karim R, Karsani SA, Sazili AQ. Impact of chill storage on antioxidant status, lipid and protein oxidation, color, drip loss and fatty acids of semimembranosus muscle in goats. CyTA-J Food. 2015; https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2015.1114974.
Abu Hafsa SH, Ibrahim SA. Effect of dietary polyphenol-rich grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and ileal microflora in broiler chicks. J Anim Physiol An Nutr (Berl). 2017; https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12688.


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Shoulder Sleeve Insignia → Alpha Units, U.S. Army → U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command, A-1-870
U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command, A-1-870
Description/Blazon
On an Oriental Blue shield 2 9/16 inches (6.51 cm) in width at top and 2 3/16 inches (5.56 cm) in width at base and 3 1/4 inches (8.26 cm) in height overall, blazon as follows: Celeste (Oriental Blue), a sphere Argent gridlined of the first issuing from fess point four lightning flashes in saltire Or surmounted by a sword fesswise point up throughout of the like, the hand guard, hilt and pommel as a stylized key. All within a Golden Yellow 1/8 inch (.32 cm) border.
Oriental blue is the color traditionally used by Military Intelligence units. The shape of the shield pays homage to the First Military Intelligence Reserve unit patch. The globe denotes the unit's global mission. The lightning flashes pointing at each corner of the globe symbolize speed to provide electronic communications. The sword represents military readiness; with the key-shaped hilt, hand guard and pommel, allude to security and control.
The shoulder sleeve insignia was approved effective 15 September 2005.
(TIOH Drawing Number A-1-870)
Information & Plaques Courtesy of The Institute of Heraldry!!
Patch, U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command, OCP / MultiCam® / Scorpion with Velcro®
Patch, U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command, ACU with Velcro®
Patch, U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command, Color
CSIB, U.S. Army Military Intelligence Readiness Command

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Central Board of Direct Taxes today singed five unilateral advance pricing agreements (APAs) with Indian taxpayers as it looks to reduce litigation by providing certainty in transfer pricing.
"The five APA agreement agreements cover a range of international transactions, including sale of finished goods, purchase of raw materials, software development services, IT enabled services, exports and interest payment.
"The agreements pertain to different industrial sectors like manufacturing, IT services, etc. The agreements provide certainty to the taxpayers for five years with regard to the covered-international transactions," the finance ministry said in a statement.
With today's signing, the total number of APAs signed so far has reached 108. These include four bilateral APAs and 104 unilateral APAs since 2013-14. Of these,44 APAs have been concluded in seven months of the current financial year itself, it added.
The APA scheme was introduced in the Income-tax Act in 2012 and the Rollback provisions were introduced in 2014.
The Scheme endeavours to provide certainty to taxpayers in the domain of transfer pricing by specifying the methods of pricing and determining the arm's length price of international transactions in advance for a maximum period of five future years.
Further, the taxpayer has the option to roll back the APA for four preceding years.
Since its inception, the APA scheme has attracted tremendous interest among Multi National Enterprises (MNEs) and more than 700 applications (both unilateral and bilateral) have been filed in just four years, the statement said. PTI BKS .


they have the correct height so your stuff doesn't drag in the corners.
5:10 x 16 Cheng-Shin. For 54 bucks they're a good deal and if you like the look of zig-zag tread of the '62-up Goodyear "speed-grips". There is one draw-back, in that there's so much mold-release solution left on the tires from the mfgr., that they can break free and get you killed, when deep in the apex of a road curve, until you've gotten about a 100 miles on them.
Tubes are rubber stem for big hole rims and metal stem for '62-later rims.
You can roll over on those sidewall ribs until you feel the back tire barely side slip, then let up a little on the throttle. Not too much or you'll rise up in the saddle (like you would really would if you let off the throttle on an air-head (boxer) BM(Vey)W.
Tire #4: Zoom in on it. The extreme outside Z-tread and the thin side wall rings is where you're tracking in a curve. The thin rings are what break-free on the asphalt. The more rubber composition in the asphalt road-mix and the newer the roadbed, the more "stick" the tires have.
I like my rear tire at 26 psi and my front tire at 20 psi. Same (solo) pressure's listed in the '59-69 Service Manual. Stett says 35 psi for the rear and 30 for the front. We don't agree.
Your tire choice will depend on how you intend to use the bike. If you have a trailer queen show bike then you want the nostalic tires available from Coker or other vendors, they still offer the Firestones from the original mold and the Goodyear Super Eagles which are correct for the 49.
If you want to actually ride the bike and enjoy it then go with the Cheng-Shins or better yet the Dunlops from the local stealership. A Dunlop 404 will run you about double what JC Whitney gets for the Cheng-Shin, but you get what you pay for. Bike tires have always been a trade-off, they either wear like iron or they stick to the pavement, but usually not both.
Expect to replace the soft sticky tires about every 8 or 9 K miles if you ride it like a normal guy.


Amino acids play a central role in both the building blocks of proteins and as intermediates in metabolism. Humans can only produce 10 of the 20 essential amino acids so the others must be supplied through food or proper supplementation each day!
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text:
Davy Jones é um lendário pirata que viveu no século XVIII.

Lendas
Desde o século XVIII, questiona-se se Davy Jones, também chamado David Jones, realmente existiu. Segundo uma lenda popular de marinheiros, ele era um homem do mar ou, para algumas pessoas, um deus que atormentava marinheiros até a morte, atraía tempestades para navios despreparados, confundia capitães e pilotos para fazê-los errar a rota de seus navios e bater em rochedos, recifes, bancos de areias ou entrar em correntes marítimas perigosas. Também engajava marinheiros em missões perigosas, em que o número de sobreviventes era ínfimo. Acredita-se que poderia prolongar a vida de um morto ou semimorto através de um pacto. Talvez por esse motivo, em terras equatoriais, Davy Jones corresponda ao Diabo.

Outras Lendas
Em algumas regiões dos trópicos, é considerado como o deus que é contra o amor devido uma desilusão amorosa. Seu objetivo é fazer com que os homens não sofram como ele sofreu. É também o deus em que, segundo últimos relatos de pessoas dos trópicos, os piratas temem mais.

Quem apunhalar o coração ainda pulsante de Davy Jones terá que arrancar o seu e assumir o lugar do monstro.

Piratas do Caribe

Davy Jones foi o antagonista principal de Piratas do Caribe: O Baú da Morte e de Piratas do Caribe: No Fim do Mundo

A lenda descrita no filme diz que Jones era o senhor do mar, e que poderia dar aos marinheiros que se encontravam à beira da morte - devido a acidentes com suas embarcações - o poder de viver por 100 anos como membro de sua tripulação, ou até mesmo como parte de seu navio. Diz a lenda que Davy Jones controlava o monstro Kraken (O Leviatã de Davy Jones), e que ordenava ao seu "bichinho de estimação" que levasse até o fim do mundo para uma existência eterna e solitária todos aqueles que tentassem fugir de sua condenada tripulação. Mas o que todos cobiçavam era a contra proposta que perseguia a lenda. Dizia-se que quem conseguisse a chave, a localização e o próprio baú da morte, onde jazia seu coração arrancado pela mágoa do amor, e ainda pulsante, poderia controlar o mar - pois Davy Jones era o próprio mar - e tornar-se capitão do Holandês Voador, podendo navegar para sempre sem barreiras. Porém, ainda havia a obrigação imposta pela deusa Calypso de levar as almas para o outro lado e a desobediência a esta tarefa renderia ao novo capitão herdar uma maldição que transformava os amaldiçoados em uma mistura de humanos com seres do mar, e quem tentasse matar seu coração morreria dando sua vida.

O Baú
O Baú de Davy Jones é uma expressão usada para definir o fundo dos oceanos e mares - o local de descanso dos marinheiros afogados ou que morreram de outra forma. O baú de Jones é o purgatório, o céu e o inferno. Nele, as pessoas enfrentam seus medos mais profundos. A lenda diz que é o próprio Jones que arrasta as almas até as profundezas, mas é possível ressuscitar "se souber o caminho". A reputação de Jones e seu armário desenvolveram muito medo entre os marinheiros, fazendo com que hesitassem ao entrar em maiores detalhes.

Ver também
 Armário de Davy Jones
 Holandês Voador
 Mar
 Lendas
 Navegação

Lendas
Pirataria
Piratas fictícios

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Mask mums may be new high school homecoming trend
By Charly Edsitty
RUSK, Texas (KTRK) -- Have you ever heard of a mask mum? Yeah, we've never heard of it either.
But, thanks to an East Texas woman, it now exists because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shay Mueller of Rusk says she has been making homecoming mums for years and was recently laying in bed when it dawned on her to make mini-versions of the beloved Texas tradition that could be attached to face masks.
"I immediately jumped out of bed when I thought of it and went into my craft room and got what I needed to start doing them," Mueller said.
The surgical masks are covered in glitter and feature ribbons, school colors and other items selected by the customer.
It's a three-day process to get the masks created. Mueller took to Facebook to see if there was any interest and the response was huge.
"I use non-toxic stuff to make sure it's safe," Mueller said. "I've had people on my post asking, 'How do you breathe?' and the (masks) are very light. They are breathable, but it's more for a novelty thing."
Mueller recommends wearing the masks for pictures and then saving it as a keepsake.
The cost for the masks can range anywhere between $13 to $20 or more, depending on what's on the mask.
Orders are currently pouring in for homecoming events happening in October. Mueller says to reach out to her via Facebook to inquire about an order.
societyhoustonface maskhigh schooloutbreakpandemichigh school footballfriday night footballhomecoming


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text:
Q: How to split algorithm2e over two pages within for-block and if-else-block I do know that this questions have been asked before in
How to split algorithm2e over two pages
Unfortunately the answers given there did not work out for me.
I am struggling to realize a page break at the indicated spot.
Help is much appreciated.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ruled,vlined,linesnumbered,onelanguage]{algorithm2e}

\begin{document}

\begin{algorithm}[H]
\SetAlgoLined
\caption{Dummy Algorithm.}
%
Do something. \\
\For{$k=0,1,2,3, ...$}{
    Do something. \\
    \eIf{$x \geq y$}{
         Do something. \\
    }{
         Do something. \\
         \For{$j = 1,...,10$}{
              Do something. \\
         }
         THIS IS THE SPOT WHERE I NEED THE PAGE BREAK.\\
         Do something. \\
    }
}
\end{algorithm}

\end{document}

A: The linked answer's method will only work if you can break the algorithm into two or more parts that can be compiled separately. This is not the case in your example.
This approach is an alternative to solve the problem.
(1) Generate the algorithm as a standalone pdf file (algo.pdf in this example) using algo.tex.
(2) Add the top part of the algorithm
using the trim and clip options of the \includegraphics command to crop the upper part of image.
\includegraphics[trim=left bottom right top, clip] (In bp units. A big point is 1/72 inch)
Add  \clearpage to typeset all remaining floats and  then include the lower part of the figure, this time choosing the trim values to crop the bottom part of the image.
Finally increase the counter of algorithm by 1.

This is the file algo.tex
%% File algo.tex

\documentclass[preview]{standalone}

\usepackage[ruled,vlined,linesnumbered,onelanguage]{algorithm2e}

\begin{document}

    \begin{algorithm}[H]
        \SetAlgoLined
        \caption{Dummy Algorithm.}
        %
        Do something. \\
        \For{$k=0,1,2,3, ...$}{
            Do something. \\
            \eIf{$x \geq y$}{
                Do something. \\
            }{
                Do something. \\
                \For{$j = 1,...,10$}{
                    Do something. \\
                }
                THIS IS THE SPOT WHERE I NEED THE PAGE BREAK.\\
                Do something. \\
            }
        }
    \end{algorithm}

\end{document}

This is the complete code.
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[ruled,vlined,linesnumbered,onelanguage]{algorithm2e}% used for the second algorithm

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[labelsep=none,labelformat=empty]{caption}% empty captions
\usepackage{kantlipsum} % only for dummy text

\begin{document}

1.  \kant[1-2]\kant[9]

\noindent
\begin{figure}[bh!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[trim=0 43 10 0,clip]{algo.pdf}
    \caption{}\label{alg:one}
\end{figure}
\clearpage % typeset all floats
\noindent
\begin{figure}[th!]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[trim=0 0 10 150,clip]{algo.pdf}
\end{figure}
\stepcounter{algocf}% correct the algorithm number

See listing of Algorithm~\ref{alg:one}.

\bigskip
4.  \kant[11]

\begin{algorithm}
    \SetAlgoLined
    \caption{Another Dummy Algorithm.}
    %
    Do something. \\
    \For{$k=0,1,2,3, ...$}{
        Do something. \\
        \eIf{$x \geq y$}{
            Do something. \\
        }{
            Do something. \\
            \For{$j = 1,...,10$}{
                Do something. \\
            }
            ANOTHER Algorithm.\\
            Do something. \\
        }
    }
\end{algorithm}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
FindBarController::FindBarController(FindBar* find_bar)
    : find_bar_(find_bar),
      tab_contents_(NULL),
      last_reported_matchcount_(0) {
}

FindBarController::~FindBarController() {
  DCHECK(!tab_contents_);
}

void FindBarController::Show() {
  // Only show the animation if we're not already showing a find bar for the
  // selected TabContents.
  if (!tab_contents_->find_ui_active()) {
    tab_contents_->set_find_ui_active(true);
    find_bar_->Show();
  }
  find_bar_->SetFocusAndSelection();
}

void FindBarController::EndFindSession() {
  find_bar_->Hide(true);

  // |tab_contents_| can be NULL for a number of reasons, for example when the
  // tab is closing. We must guard against that case. See issue 8030.
  if (tab_contents_) {
    // When we hide the window, we need to notify the renderer that we are done
    // for now, so that we can abort the scoping effort and clear all the
    // tickmarks and highlighting.
    tab_contents_->StopFinding(false);  // false = don't clear selection on
                                        // page.
    find_bar_->ClearResults(tab_contents_->find_result());

    // When we get dismissed we restore the focus to where it belongs.
    find_bar_->RestoreSavedFocus();
  }
}

void FindBarController::ChangeTabContents(TabContents* contents) {
  if (tab_contents_) {
    registrar_.RemoveAll();
    find_bar_->StopAnimation();
  }

  tab_contents_ = contents;

  // Hide any visible find window from the previous tab if NULL |tab_contents|
  // is passed in or if the find UI is not active in the new tab.
  if (find_bar_->IsFindBarVisible() &&
      (!tab_contents_ || !tab_contents_->find_ui_active())) {
    find_bar_->Hide(false);
  }

  if (!tab_contents_)
    return;

  registrar_.Add(this, NotificationType::FIND_RESULT_AVAILABLE,
                 Source<TabContents>(tab_contents_));
  registrar_.Add(this, NotificationType::NAV_ENTRY_COMMITTED,
                 Source<NavigationController>(&tab_contents_->controller()));

  // Find out what we should show in the find text box. Usually, this will be
  // the last search in this tab, but if no search has been issued in this tab
  // we use the last search string (from any tab).
  string16 find_string = tab_contents_->find_text();
  if (find_string.empty())
    find_string = tab_contents_->find_prepopulate_text();

  // Update the find bar with existing results and search text, regardless of
  // whether or not the find bar is visible, so that if it's subsequently
  // shown it is showing the right state for this tab. We update the find text
  // _first_ since the FindBarView checks its emptiness to see if it should
  // clear the result count display when there's nothing in the box.
  find_bar_->SetFindText(find_string);

  if (tab_contents_->find_ui_active()) {
    // A tab with a visible find bar just got selected and we need to show the
    // find bar but without animation since it was already animated into its
    // visible state. We also want to reset the window location so that
    // we don't surprise the user by popping up to the left for no apparent
    // reason.
    gfx::Rect new_pos = find_bar_->GetDialogPosition(gfx::Rect());
    find_bar_->SetDialogPosition(new_pos, false);

    // Only modify focus and selection if Find is active, otherwise the Find
    // Bar will interfere with user input.
    find_bar_->SetFocusAndSelection();
  }

  UpdateFindBarForCurrentResult();
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// FindBarWin, NotificationObserver implementation:

void FindBarController::Observe(NotificationType type,
                                const NotificationSource& source,
                                const NotificationDetails& details) {
  if (type == NotificationType::FIND_RESULT_AVAILABLE) {
    // Don't update for notifications from TabContentses other than the one we
    // are actively tracking.
    if (Source<TabContents>(source).ptr() == tab_contents_) {
      UpdateFindBarForCurrentResult();
      if (tab_contents_->find_result().final_update() &&
          tab_contents_->find_result().number_of_matches() == 0) {
        find_bar_->AudibleAlert();
      }
    }
  } else if (type == NotificationType::NAV_ENTRY_COMMITTED) {
    NavigationController* source_controller =
        Source<NavigationController>(source).ptr();
    if (source_controller == &tab_contents_->controller()) {
      NavigationController::LoadCommittedDetails* commit_details =
          Details<NavigationController::LoadCommittedDetails>(details).ptr();
      PageTransition::Type transition_type =
          commit_details->entry->transition_type();
      // We hide the FindInPage window when the user navigates away, except on
      // reload.
      if (find_bar_->IsFindBarVisible()) {
        if (PageTransition::StripQualifier(transition_type) !=
            PageTransition::RELOAD) {
          EndFindSession();
        } else {
          // On Reload we want to make sure FindNext is converted to a full Find
          // to make sure highlights for inactive matches are repainted.
          tab_contents_->set_find_op_aborted(true);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void FindBarController::UpdateFindBarForCurrentResult() {
  const FindNotificationDetails& find_result = tab_contents_->find_result();

  // Avoid bug 894389: When a new search starts (and finds something) it reports
  // an interim match count result of 1 before the scoping effort starts. This
  // is to provide feedback as early as possible that we will find something.
  // As you add letters to the search term, this creates a flashing effect when
  // we briefly show "1 of 1" matches because there is a slight delay until
  // the scoping effort starts updating the match count. We avoid this flash by
  // ignoring interim results of 1 if we already have a positive number.
  if (find_result.number_of_matches() > -1) {
    if (last_reported_matchcount_ > 0 &&
        find_result.number_of_matches() == 1 &&
        !find_result.final_update())
      return;  // Don't let interim result override match count.
    last_reported_matchcount_ = find_result.number_of_matches();
  }

  find_bar_->UpdateUIForFindResult(find_result, tab_contents_->find_text());
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php
class Article extends Connexion{

											#nom de la table
											private $table = "article";

											#les nom de columns dans la table
											private $idArticleCol = "code_article";
											private $titreArticleCol = "titre_article";
											private $sousTitreArticleCol = "soustitre_article";
											private $contenuArticleCol = "content_article";
											private $imageArticleCol = "image_article";
											private $supportArticleCol = "support_article";
											private $mediaArticleCol = "mediatheque_article";
											private $datePubArticleCol = "datepub_article";
											private $emailAdminCol = "email_admin";
											private $CategorieCol = "categorie";

											#structure de la table
											private $idArticle;
											private $titreArticle;
											private $sousTitreArticle;
											private $contenuArticle;
											private $imageArticle;
											private $supportArticle;
											private $mediaArticle;
											private $datePubArticle;
											private $Categorie;
											private $emailAdmin;

											public function __construct($data = array())
											{
												$this->titreArticle =           isset($data['titreArticle']) ? $data['titreArticle'] : "";
												$this->sousTitreArticle =       isset($data['sousTitreArticle']) ? $data['sousTitreArticle'] : "";
												$this->contenuArticle =         isset($data['contenuArticle']) ? $data['contenuArticle'] : "";
												$this->imageArticle=            isset($data['imageArticle'])? $data['imageArticle'] : "";
												$this->supportArticle=          isset($data['supportArticle'])? $data['supportArticle']:"";
												$this->mediaArticle=            isset($data['mediaArticle'])? $data['mediaArticle']:"";
												$this->datePubArticle=          isset($data['datePubArticle'])? $data['datePubArticle']:"";
												$this->Categorie=               isset($data['Categorie'])? $data['Categorie']:"";
												$this->emailAdmin=              isset($data['emailAdmin'])? $data['emailAdmin']:"";
											}

											#CREATE OR UPDATE
public function saveOrUpdate($id=null)
{
  if($id==null)
   {
		#CREATE
		$sql = "INSERT INTO {$this->table} VALUES('0','{$this->titreArticle}' ,'{$this->sousTitreArticle}'	,'{$this->contenuArticle}' ,
		'{$this->imageArticle}',
		'{$this->supportArticle}',
		'{$this->mediaArticle}',
		'{$this->datePubArticle}',
		'{$this->emailAdmin}',
		'{$this->Categorie}'
		)";
   }
   else
   {
	#UPDATE
	$sql = "UPDATE {$this->table} SET {$this->titreArticleCol}='{$this->titreArticle}',{$this->sousTitreArticleCol}='{$this->sousTitreArticle}',
	{$this->contenuArticleCol}='{$this->contenuArticle}',
	{$this->imageArticleCol}='{$this->imageArticle}',
	{$this->supportArticleCol}='{$this->supportArticle}',
	{$this->mediaArticleCol}='{$this->mediaArticle}',
	{$this->datePubArticleCol}='{$this->datePubArticle}',
	{$this->emailAdminCol}='{$this->emailAdmin}',
	{$this->CategorieCol}='{$this->Categorie}' WHERE {$this->idArticleCol}=".$id;
   }
	$query = $this->getPDO()->query($sql);
	return $query;
}

											#READ
											public function GetAllArticle($id=null,$limit=null)
											{
												if ($limit!=null)
												{
													$req="ORDRED BY {$this->idArticleCol} DESC LIMIT 0,".$limit;

												}
												else
												{
													$req="";
												}

												if($id == null)
												{
													$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->table}";
												}
												else
												{
													$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->table} WHERE
													{$this->idArticleCol}=".$id;
												}
												$query = $this->getPDO()->query($sql);
												return $query;
											}

											public function GetNewArticle()
											{
												$sql = "SELECT * FROM {$this->table} LIMIT 3";

												$query = $this->getPDO()->query($sql);
												return $query;
											}

											public function getLastIdArticle()
											{
												$sql = "SELECT MAX({$this->idArticleCol}) FROM {$this->table}";
												$query = $this->getPDO()->query($sql);

												$resultat = $query->fetch();

												$id = $resultat[0];

												$noValue = 0;

															if(isset($id))
															{
																return $id;

															}
															else
															{
																return $noValue;
															}
											}

											#DELETE
											public function deleteArticle($id=null)
											{
												$sql = "DELETE FROM {$this->table} WHERE
												{$this->idArticleCol}=".$id;
												$query = $this->getPDO()->query($sql);
												return $query;
											}

}


Trouser Tuesday: Hansen Garments "Sverre", trousers with a singular seam - Well Dressed Dad - It is a proper menswear blog. Like, with original words and opinions and suchlike.
Today's instalment of Trouser Tuesday takes us to Copenhagen, home of Hansen Garments. I'll admit right now that Hansen make some of my very favourite trousers and I have several pairs in my trouser rotation already. There is always something subtly different about Hansen's trousers, something that give them that little something, that makes them actually discussable. Today's pair are a good example of this.
As is the way of Hansen, all trousers types are given a Scandinavian boys name, and these are the "Sverre" style. Usually available from season to season in various fabrics, I think these in a brown herringbone cotton were AW12. Hard to say, as they are wearing very well, after lots of use and a few washes. A testament to their quality.
Style-wise these trousers have retro styling cues, with a high rear rise, roomy around the thighs and quite tapered legs. A fit that works very well for me, as I appreciate a decent amount of coverage at the back when cycling, and the leg taper means bicycle clips are not necessary. Practical and with purpose.
So what makes these trousers different from most other cotton twill trousers? The devil is said to be in the details, and these have some details more obvious than others.
For starters the pockets are distinctive. Comprised of two curved seams creating a pleasing geometrical pattern. The opening seam running all the way up to the waistline, and down to intersect with the other seam running a couple of inches down below the opening.
The rear has a proper working rear cinch, which allows the trousers to be worn with or without a belt. The hardware is actually good enough to allow the cinch to stay tight. The waist is nice and high, so the trousers sit properly over the hips, as men's trousers should.
The fly is of the button-type with a fly-guard, well-made so it both closes well and looks good. The fly buttons are distinctive metal buttons, which is a nice touch. The closing button and pocket buttons are of real horn, as visible buttons ideally should be.
The most unusual feature though is one that is not immediately noticed, though once you've seen it you wonder why more trousers are not like this. Notice the outer leg seam? No? Of course you don't, as there isn't one. Pretty clever.
Hansen pay a lot of attention to the fabric used for their garments. Often going for the better fabrics at higher cost than saving on the expense and going for the lesser quality. As mentioned, I've used these a lot over the past couple of years, with probably half a dozen washes, and the material still looks and feels superb. Possibly even better than when new.
And I just adore the herringbone pattern. It brings things to life in a way regularly woven fabric just doesn't.
Another one of the small Hansen-touches are the labels inside the garments. Of a single type, printed on cotton fabric and hand-stamped to signify sizing.
Price wise Hansen Garments tend to be a little above average, but considering the low production numbers, the design and quality, I consider them to be excellent value for money. Being outside of the fashion stream also means they're never in or out of fashion, but always excellent style.
Marked as medium, measured to 36″ (with cinch slack, after multiple washings, so size is stabilised).
The label inside label has comprehensive instructions for washing. As is appropriate for 100% cotton trousers, you can't go wrong at a regular 40 degree colour wash.


CN633A HP 772 300-ml DesignJet Ink Cartridges print with the same vivid colour and the same professional quality, over and over again. Original HP supplies are designed together with the printer to provide consistent, trouble-free printing.
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A bar is an exciting establishment that serves as a common meeting place for friends and strangers surrounded by good drink. Aside from the regulars, bars attract a large amount of people throughout the year and are subject to some inevitable mishaps and situations. The possibility of legal action against your bar cannot be avoided, but having the right liability insurance can save you a lot of trouble. Here are some common liability issues you'll want to be mindful of as a bar owner.
Alcohol is served at a bar. That's what makes a bar the establishment that it is. Guests visit your bar to hang out with friends, rewind from a stressful workday and most importantly drink. Unfortunately, with the presence of alcohol comes the side effect of intoxication. An owner and his or her employees must be on guard for patrons who are way passed their limit. You won't want the exposure of being "the bar where the drunk driver was at." Take precaution to addressing visitors who are way too intoxicated and prevent them from getting a DUI or hurting someone in the process.
Another important bar liability is located right above the doorway. You want to ensure your exit signs are in visible sight and properly lit. Neglecting to regulate and maintain exit signs can result in a serious fine or further legal action. Avoid unsafe conditions and make sure your exit signs are in proper fashion in case of evacuation.
Serving a minor can result in heavy liability consequences and a possible loss of your liquor license. Make it public that alcohol is not served to minors in your bar and maintain a strict I.D. check policy. A visible sign will suffice to make your policies and cover your liability.
A bar is a fun place to get together but sometimes fights and altercations can occur. A common lawsuit filed against restaurants and bars regard injuries that occur from altercations from another guest or employee. It would be wise to have assault and battery insurance coverage in your bar, but another safe measure to take would be having a "hands off" policy. An employee cannot put their hands on a guest in any way, but if that guest refuses to leave then the police will be called. Train your employees to handle these situations calmly and effectively without escalating the issue.
Bars often serve food and tiny bites to go with their choice of drink, but that doesn't mean events of food poisoning can't occur. Comply with health regulations and uphold sanitation requirements with your employees. Control the quality of your food, keep your workspaces clean and make sure employees are washing their hands after using the bathroom.
A very common liability issue includes events of slips and falls from wet floors or injuries from bar activities. When mopping the floors make sure signs are posted in the effected areas so no one can say there was no warning of a dangerous surface. If your bar features a mechanical bull, darts, or other bar games, you want to make sure you have the right coverage in the event of injury. These activities do contain some relative danger and injuries can happen when they're least expected.
Having liability insurance is just as important as whatever's on tap behind the bar. Obtaining the appropriate insurance for liability coverage should be your first priority after opening a bar. Consider insurance coverage from Restaurant Programs of America for a full-service restaurant focused support. Learn more about RPA and our services by requesting a quote or contacting us at 866-577-7007.


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Spanish Village to Raise Funds with Marijuana
Our old friend Greece is the headline of any business news site reporting about its debt issue. While Greece is on the verge of receiving another bailout package to fight its debt crisis, we hear a new solution to the
Greece averts immediate default with bond deal
Greece averted the immediate risk of an uncontrolled default on Friday, winning strong acceptance from its private creditors for a bond swap deal which will eat into its mountainous public debt and clear the way for a new international bailout.
US, EU, Japan challenge China on trade
The European Union, United States and Japan formally asked the World Trade Organization on Tuesday to settle a dispute with China over Beijing's restriction on exports of raw materials, including rare earth elements critical to electronics makers. The dispute is
Tajikistan: Opposition Slams Energy Tariff Increase
Many Tajiks will consider it a gut punch: At the end of another winter of power shortages, the impoverished country's state electricity company has said it will raise prices 20 percent. The announcement came as authorities further restricted electricity supplies
Is the Sustainability of China's Growth Guaranteed?
China is seeing a 10% growth on average for the past 3 decades and is believed to become the world's largest exporter and manufacturer. China moved from a state controlled economy to a more liberal economy in 1978 by encouraging
Developing Countries to the Rescue of the Eurozone
Brazillian Finance Minister Guido Mantega said that developing nation would be willing to provide more money to ease the eurozone's debt crisis, in return for more power within the International Monetary Fund. Minister Guido Mantega made this statement at a
Apple investors win greater say over board of directors
Apple shareholders are to be given a greater say in selecting the firm's board of directors. It comes after the company agreed to change its governance rules. In future directors will have to win the backing of the majority of
Japan's Trade Deficit Surging in the First Quarter
Japan's trade deficit hit its highest in January with exports dipping 9.3% from a year earlier, while imports rising 9.8%. There are number factors that resulted in such a high trade deficit in Japan. The nuclear impact is certainly the
"The Elephant in the Region"
SOUTH ASIA is about the least integrated part of the world. Neighbours supply just 0.5% of India's imports, and consume less than 4% of its exports. India and Pakistan, mutually antagonistic, account for a fifth of all living humans, yet
"The Elephant in the Region"
Sales tax increase approved by Japan's cabinet
The Japanese cabinet has passed a plan to double sales taxes in an attempt to control the soaring costs of public debts. The plan, which needs parliament's approval, will see taxes raised from the current 5% to 8% in April
Sales tax increase approved by Japan's cabinet
US Congress backs payroll tax cut
administrator	February 18, 2012
The US Congress has voted in favour of extending a payroll tax cut until the end of 2012, ending months of debate. The bill now moves on to President Barack Obama, who has promised to sign it into law. The
Fake US bonds worth trillions seized
The BBC's Alan Johnson: "Their ambitions were on an international scale" Italian prosecutors say they have broken up an organised crime ring that was hiding trillions of dollars of fake US bonds. Worth $6 trillion, the bonds were found in
UK and France sign nuclear energy agreement
The UK has signed a deal with France to strengthen co-operation in the development of civil nuclear energy. The government said it reiterated the UK's commitment to nuclear energy "as part of a diversified energy mix". The coalition said the


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2600 WARRENVILLE ROAD, SUITE 205, DOWNERS GROVE, IL 60515
(JUST 15 MILES WEST OF CHICAGO)
Now Serving a Larger Community! All sessions and groups are now being done via Teletherapy.
Also offering ONLINE Trainings!
Staff & Therapists
Tour Our Center
GROUPS & PROGRAMS
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AZIZI MARSHALL, LCPC, RDT-BCT, EAT | FOUNDER & CEO
Azizi Marshall, MA, LCPC, RDT/BCT, EAT
Founder & CEO | Center for Creative Arts Therapy
Compassionately Creative Counseling
Azizi strives to provide her clients with a safe and welcoming environment to share their experiences and express themselves in a compassionately thoughtful manner. She has been a guide for many clients who have lost their way, and struggled with their own identity and relationships. Azizi offers support, validation, and encouragement towards empowerment and understanding of one self and others.
As a mother of two young girls and historical advocate and educator for young women and teens, Azizi has a special interest and knowledge in counseling teens and young women through life changes (peer relationships, self-expression, stress, marriage, birth of a child, divorce, infertility and miscarriage). Azizi also has extensive knowledge and experience working with first responders, survivors of trauma and abuse, parents of struggling children, adolescents, grief/bereavement, anxiety, families living with cancer and terminal illness, relationships and women's issues.
Prior to founding the Center for Creative Arts Therapy, Azizi also served as Director of Expressive Arts Therapy with Riveredge Psychiatric Hospital, Director of Theatre Education with Alchemy Theatre, and as a Drama Therapist and counselor for The Youth Campus, School of Expressive Arts and Learning, Wellness House and Trinity High School.
Azizi holds two Masters degrees in Community Counseling and Theatre from Northeastern Illinois University, Graduate-level training in Drama Therapy and Expressive Arts Therapy at Kansas State University, is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) in the state of Illinois, a Registered Drama Therapist and Board Certified Trainer (RDT/BCT) in Drama Therapy, a Registered Expressive Arts Therapist (REAT) with the International Expressive Arts Therapy Association, and a member of the National Board for Certified Counselors, Illinois Mental Health Counselors Association and the Illinois Counselors Association.
Expressive Arts Therapy
Terminal Illness & Recovery
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Affirmative Practice with LGBTQ Individuals and families
Children, Adolescents and Adults
Azizi has served on multiple boards for the North American Drama Therapy Association (NADTA) and trains fellow artists and mental health practitioners in the use of drama therapy and expressive arts therapy. Azizi has written several articles on creative arts therapy's efficacy in treatment, and provided over 150 trainings, courses and presentations on the creative arts therapies throughout the world.
Azizi has been featured in several newspapers and magazines, such as The Sun Times, My Suburban Life, Glancer Magazine and The Chicago Tribune for her work in healing communities through the arts.
Let us support you and your family through compassionately creative counseling and arts-based psychotherapy services. Give us a call today to learn more about creative arts therapy (art therapy, music therapy, drama therapy, dance/movement therapy, expressive arts therapy) in the Downers Grove, Hinsdale, DuPage county and Chicago area! Feel free to call us at (847) 477-8244 or email us.
We are located in Downers Grove and frequently see clients from Downers Grove, Aurora, Bolingbrook, Burr Ridge, Countryside, Darien, Elmhurst,
Glen Ellyn, Hickory Hills, Hillside, Hinsdale, LaGrange, LaGrange Park, Lemont, Lisle, Lombard, Naperville, Oak Brook, Oak Brook Terrace, Oak Park, Riverside, Villa Park, Warenville, Westchester, Westmont, Wheaton, Willowbrook, Woodridge, and Western Springs.
Counseling and arts-based psychotherapy for individuals, groups and families looking for help with children, adolescents, stress, relationships, motherhood, creative parenting interventions, life transitions, trauma, anxiety, depression, divorce, grief/bereavement, autism, communication, caregiving, terminal illness, and career counseling.
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UFC Star Conor McGregor Arrested!
He has some serious issues.
Child Falls Into Zoo's Rhino Exhibit!
A child was hospitalized Tuesday after falling into a rhinoceros exhibit at a Florida zoo.
Tanner's Adventures: My World Got Rocked By Three Hurricanes!
I know many of you have been through a hurricane before and have many bad memories. Growing up in Cleveland, Ohio, I never expeirenced what these storms are like, until I went to work in Central Florida.
Jake Owen Does His Part To Help His Sunshine State After Irma!


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by Saad Mohd | Dec 9, 2020 | Lifestyle
Sheikh Hamdan climbs Dubai's Burj Khalifa The Crown Prince of Dubai has shared a video of himself scaling Burj Khalifa. Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed is seen standing on a small platform at the top of the 828 metre tower in the video. The footage, which he posted on...
by Press Release | Dec 1, 2020 | Italia, Lifestyle
The glamorous new spot in Dubai will offer its visitors a chance to dine, drink and socialise. Looking for a new day-to-night social spot? New Italian restaurant, Bella Restaurant & Lounge is set to open in Dubai's Business Bay soon. Nestled on the 20th floor of...
by Patrizia Marin | Nov 25, 2020 | Lifestyle
On the occasion of UAE National Day, Abaya Rally seeks to unite women from different walks of life to experience the exhilaration of participating in a unique all-women car rally. In this adventure-filled glamour infused National Day parade, women will not just drive...
by Eleonora Albertoni | Nov 25, 2020 | Lifestyle
Today women and girls will dress their Red Shoes, as a symbol of the fight against violence against women. The United Nations General Assembly has assigned November 25 as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women. To ensure the safety of...
Giorgio Marin
Diego Maradona was the unrepentant antihero of England's most painful soccer story, knocking in a goal with his fist in Argentina's 1986 victory over England in the World Cup quarterfinals.
He was the most bitter of rivals in soccer-mad Brazil, dazzling on the field and maddening off it. "Go back to the museum," he once told Pelé.He was the outspoken supporter of the Latin American left, befriending Venezuela's socialist president Hugo Chávez and tattooing an image of Argentine-born revolutionary leader Ernesto "Che" Guevara on his left biceps and one of Fidel Castro on his left calf.
He was, in Argentina and beyond, simply "D10S," a mixture of the number he wore and the word for God in Spanish.
Maradona died of a heart attack Wednesday at age 60 in the province of Buenos Aires. His death immediately dominated news coverage and conversations across much of the world, bringing to light the complex hues of his kaleidoscopic identity. World leaders and famous athletes expressed their condolences. Fans shared their favorite clips on social media of his preternatural athletic abilities. Others lamented the drug addictions he struggled to vanquish. Many could only express gratitude.
But the loss was felt most acutely in Argentina, where Maradona hovered somewhere between man and deity. In years during which the country underwent one hardship after another — the shadow of militarydictatorships, failed economic aspirations, a doomed war against Britain — he had offered a collective hope around which to rally.
His story had been improbable from the beginning. In a country of profound inequality and rigid social dynamics, he grew up in the outskirts of Buenos Aires, just one more boy from the slums. But he quickly rose to the heights of Argentine society by the grace of athletic prowess many could describe only as divine. By 19, he had already scored his 100th goal. His image was soon everywhere.
"You took us to the top of the world," Argentine President Alberto Fernández said of Maradona, announcing three days of national mourning. "You made us immensely happy. You were the greatest of all."
People all over Argentina struggled to put his loss into words.
"My grandfather told me about the joys, dribbling and impossible things that Diego did on the field," one fan wrote. "Today my grandmother, with her eyes full of tears, told me what it was like to win the '86 World Cup."
Lionel Messi, Maradona's heir-apparent in Argentine soccer royalty, said it was a sad day not just for Argentina but for soccer itself. "He leaves us, but he's not gone, because el Diego is eternal," he wrote on Instagram.
The Vatican said Pope Francis, the first Argentine pontiff, has remembered Maradona — a "poet of soccer" — in his prayers.
The news ricocheted into neighboring Brazil, where Pelé, who along with Maradona was voted by FIFA in 200
0 as the greatest player in soccer's history, mourned the loss. "I lost a great friend, and the world lost a legend," he said. "One day, I hope that we can play ball together in heaven."
In England, where many still speak often of the goal Maradona scored with his fist in 1986 — called the "hand of God" goal — there was an outpouring of grief over his death.
"By some distance the best player of my generation and arguably the greatest of all time," said Gary Lineker, the striker who played against Maradona in that game. "After a blessed but troubled life, hopefully he'll finally find some comfort in the hands of God."
In Italy, where Maradona spent the best years of his career playing in Naples, his death was met with sadness and gratitude Mourners gathered outside San Paolo Stadium, where he once played, waving a flag emblazoned with the image of Maradona. Naples Mayor Luigi de Magistris said in a Facebook video that the city's love for Maradona was "visceral," calling for the stadium to be named after him.
"For us he's the one who made Naples dream," de Magistris said. "He gave us happiness. Many called their children Diego."
Maradona came to Naples in the mid-1980s at a time when he and the city he played in were at a crossroads. In a city known for mismanagement and unemployment — and the base of a team perennially clobbered by wealthier teams — Maradona arrived to the welcome ceremony via helicopter. Some 75,000 cheered from the stands to greet him.
"Gracias Diego," trended on Twitter.
But the controversies piled up. Maradona gained weight, dealt with paternity suits, failed a drug test for cocaine and was accused of domestic violence, which he denied. A man who once seemed so invincible suddenly appeared anything but. As the years have passed, however, many in Naples have come to see him as the embodiment of the city's best qualities: fearlessness and creativity.
Even now, Maradona's portrait is painted on the sides of apartment buildings, his jersey hangs in countless bars, and stores sell his figurines alongside those of the pope. His image looms in religious shrines.
In recent years, as he shifted his passion for soccer from playing to coaching, his body began to give out. He told reporters that he felt far older than his years and came to regret the talents that drugs had taken from him.
Weeks ago, he left a match he was coaching early. Then this month, he checked in to a clinic in La Plata, Argentina. The doctor said he was suffering from a head injury that Maradona could not recall.
Authorities on Wednesday said there were no signs of violence surrounding his death. "The death only has natural characteristics," said a local official.
A quiet end for a man who lived his life in defiance of the adjective.


I want to create a list view inside sharepoint on-premises team site. the list view need to show items which are under any of the 18 customers + that are not Expired..
and i edit my list view using sharepoint designer,and i added the above CAML query after i removed all the white spaces and extra lines from the CAML query.
but when i access the list view inside my sharepoint site, i got an error "undefined error"...so not sure why ? although my above CAML query is valid.
Browse other questions tagged 2013 sharepoint-designer list-view caml-query caml or ask your own question.


On December 13th the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change announced its initiatives to promote energy-efficient homes. Ontario residents are eligible for rebates on low-carbon, energy-efficient renovations completed on their homes. This new program is under the Green Ontario Fund, a non-profit provincial agency and funded by proceeds from the province's cap on pollution and carbon market. The purpose of the Green Ontario Fund is to reduce greenhouse gas pollution in buildings and industry in order to meet Ontario's emission reduction targets.
Up to $5,000 for replacement windows that meet program requirements.
Homeowners and tenants can also access a $100 smart thermostat rebate through a partnership with Save on Energy.
In addition to the rebates listed above the province is also launching GreenON Support.
GreenON Support is a free over-the-phone service with the goal of offering impartial advice from energy experts to help consumers learn how they can save money and reduce their carbon footprint through home upgrades.
Other activities funded by the province's carbon market proceeds include: new electric vehicle initiatives, charging stations and infrastructure; a more comprehensive cycling network; energy retrofits for homes, multi-residential buildings, social housing; targeted greenhouse gas emission reduction programs for large industries, small and medium businesses; and, support for First Nation communities to fight climate change.


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VP of Irish American Democrats chosen for Biden's White House Staff
Clint Eastwood's empty chair a perfect metaphor for the 2012 GOP
Last night a poorly executed gag by Clint Eastwood ended up defining the 2012 Republican National Convention.
Here was an old, often incoherent and unmistakably contemptuous white guy slowly lecturing an empty chair about all of its shortcomings.
There was something Shakespearean about it, with Eastwood looking like old King Lear on the heath, because the 82 year old's bizarre speech had hard words for Democrats but only faint praise for Republicans.
(This was a trend by the way: at the RNC of 2012 Barack Obama was mentioned twice as often as Mitt Romney).
It began well. Eastwood, who had played an iconic tough guy in the early 1970's, appeared to roars of approval from the mostly white, mostly middle aged, crowd. But once he actually started talking their enthusiasm quickly plummeted.
Eastwood ordered the empty chair to get out of Afghanistan. 'I know you were against the war in Iraq, and that's okay. But you thought the war in Afghanistan was OK. I think you've mentioned something about having a target date for bringing everybody home. You gave that target date, and I think Mr. Romney asked the only sensible question, you know, he says, 'Why are you giving the date out now? Why don't you just bring them home tomorrow morning?'
That line brought heavy applause but the Romney team winced, they have said their candidate wants to keep the troops there indefinitely. This is when things started seriously going wrong.
If I was a comedy writer for Saturday Night Live I would have seen this moment for it was rapidly becoming: tragicomic comedy gold. You can bet it will be all over The Daily Show, The Colbert Report and SNL by Sunday.
And I predict that empty chair will come back to haunt the GOP in November. Because it did something team Romney didn't want it to: it reminded the nation who was not there.
Blacks, Hispanics, Gays, Immigrants, Women and Young People. There is simply no room and no real welcome for them in the all-male Christian Brotherhood that is the GOP in 2012. There are only the true patriots versus the un-American now.
Oddly enough, looking at that empty chair, I also thought of John Lauber, the teenager at Cranbrook prep school that Romney once led a group of frat boys to attack as he cut his hair off with scissors. For a moment Lauber's ghost was sitting in that chair, being bullied by another malicious swaggering tough guy who was sure that the crowd was on his side.
It began as a joke but it ended by telling the truth, and it was nauseating.
Outlander's Caitriona Balfe reminisces about her modeling days
Immigrants, Fake News - who's the enemy now, Donald?


"Windows 7 requirements are not going to be any less than Vista was," says Rob Sanfilippo, lead analyst of development platforms at Kirkland, Wash.-based Directions on Microsoft. "I don't think it's going to make sense right away to run Windows 7 on netbooks. If you want your apps to be good citizens on netbooks, you need to think about what Windows XP supports."
well it would be rather unusual for an operating system to have less system requirements than its predecessor. Netbooks are getting more and more powerful as time goes on so eventually windows 7 will be able to run on them.
So basically they are going to forbid the use of xp but not offer any alternative windows version for netbooks??
Do they you can use a netbook without an OS or something, or might people just install linux (because macosx may only be installed on macs)??
Is it just me or does this guy have a hull in his forehead?
It was a curious comment which left me scratching my head. Unless MSFT expects that the netbooks will be powerful enough eventually to run Windows 7.
As I understand it, with the instant on feature of "Splashtop" by Asus it is possible to have a limited amount of apps with embedded Linux in order to check email before booting in Windows. I would imagine it might be possible to have a embedded Linux as a OS...with basically no OS on the hard drive.
Expanding further, there is talk of a $10 laptop from India due to be unveiled on February 3, 2009. Which if it does turn out to be true...one might be very confident that Windows 7 won't run on it.
Last night I adjusted the settings on a VBOX install of Windows 7. I set the RAM to 256 MB. Windows 7 ran slower with those settings; however, it seems to run just as fast at Vista with 1 GB of RAM.
If Microsoft doesn't mess up something before the final release, it could actually run on Netbooks.
I'm not saying the article is FUD; however, I haven't seen evidence at this time to support the statement that "Windows 7 requirements are not going to be any less than Vista was".
I don't think the problem will be RAM, but disk space. I would like to test out windows 7, but I don't have the space on any machines.
RAM, video requirements (all those blurring effects, those fancy animations, they eat up memory and require accelerated graphics), battery life, hard disk space, and boot time will all be factors important in Windows 7's success in the netbook market.
I'm testing Windows 7 out of curiosity. I'm testing it in a VM so I can control some parameters of the environment it thinks it is running in.
Well for me I dont care how fast or great the beta's are of an os, there have been many times that in software the beta was better then the full product.
Heck we even have that here with Ubuntu!
I am getting annoyed with people already with all this talk that windows 7 has a faster boot time then ubuntu, that its faster then linux and uses less memory.
Well duh it will probably do that, MS after vista probably wants to lure back the crowd that left vista because of its heaviness issues.
But experience should dictate that the final will probably be weighted down considerably, heck for all we know it could take 2 full minutes alone just to load a single icon on windows 7 with a current system!
But Longhorn became vista, the worst MS has had since ME in many peoples opinions.
As of yesterday, I find no evidence to support the original article's statement that "Windows 7 requirements are not going to be any less than Vista was".
When I see some facts or have personal experience, then I'll believe it.
Indeed, its just that I have learned too well about the matters of OS updates.


What Is A Good Facial – And What Are Its Benefits?
The word "facial" calls to mind pleasant thoughts of a refreshing, relaxing treatment for the skin and muscles of the face. Many people have wanted to try a good facial, but have never taken advantage of that opportunity. You don't have to go to a salon because you can give yourself a facial treatment in the comfort of your own home.
Most facials address repairing or rejuvenating the outward skin of the face. One of the purposes of this is to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, moisturize the skin, or aid in removing blemishes, freckles or age spots. Facials are very effective for each of these areas. But it can do so much more by treating the underlying muscles of the face itself.
The aging process does not only affect the skin, but also causes the muscles to lose their own elasticity which is what causes skin to droop. Massaging facial muscles will strengthen them, improve their elasticity, and reduce stress and tension. People who suffer from both sinus and tension headaches often note significant improvements in both movement and reduction in pain. Sinus cavities lay right behind the lower forehead, and if the facial muscles are too tight it can put pressure on this area.
1. Evaluate. If you are going to a professional they will first look at your facial structure, skin tone and quality, and determine if you are suffering from any common ailments (such as tension headaches or dark circles, etc…) If you are going to give yourself a treatment then you need to carefully examine these things yourself, and grab a piece of paper and a pen and note down the areas that you want to pay the closest attention to.
2. Clean. Before you being the facial treatment you will need to have your face cleaned. There are many different kinds of cleansers that we provide here on our website. Take a look at each of them to determine which one best suits your needs, whether it be for oily skin, dry skin, or just a typical face cleanser. Soap and water is not good because soap dries the skin and removes its elasticity. This means that if you went ahead with the facial treatment it wouldn't improve your problem areas, it would only work to recover from the drying you had just caused for yourself.
3. Steam. This step is not always required, but it is a valuable option. If you have a steam machine or even a basic humidifier a steam treatment is a good way to begin because it opens your pores allowing toxins to be more easily removed. It also has the benefit of loosening any remaining dirt or oil that was not removed from step #2 (cleansing). Steam helps prepares your skin for the following steps in the facial treatment process.
4. Exfoliate. Now that your skin is ready, you should use an exfoliant – sometimes referred to as a "facial scrub" – to remove dead skin, and allow the healthy new skin underneath to get adequate oxygen. There are many different types of exfoliants, including facial scrubs that contain an abrasive agent, as well as chemical exfoliants containing citric or lactic acid, and other natural substances. At this stage, some men or women try different types of chemical peels. They can be helpful if you have some scars or blemishes that you've been unable to remove.
5. Massage. At this point you are well prepared for a facial massage. You can do this yourself using certain essential oils or moisturizers. Facial toners can be used in this step, but they are better left for the end of the treatment. There's nothing quite like a good facial massage by a trained professional. But if you can't afford one you can find the right equipment through our website, GoodFacial.com.
6. Mask. We offer a variety of facial masks to brighten, firm and/or tone your skin. After your massage a good facial mask is relaxing and healthy for your skin.
Copyright © 2018 Good Facial.


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Film & TVNews
31July 2019
TextGünseli Yalcinkaya
Robert Pattinson and Willem Dafoe go full Hitchcock in The Lighthouse
The black-and-white trailer for Robert Eggers' horror film descends into madness
Robert Pattinson and master of morphosis Willem Dafoe get full-on cabin fever in this claustrophobic first trailer for Robert Eggers' upcoming film The Lighthouse, a black-and-white psychological horror about two lighthouse keepers whose sanity slowly unravels as they're faced with their worst nightmares.
The film, which will be released later this year, was a sensation at Cannes back in May. In it, R-Patz plays Ephraim Winslow, a shifty character with an even shiftier handlebar moustache (at least it's not Timothée Chalamet's bowl cut) who spends four weeks as an assistant to lighthouse keeper Thomas Waite, played by Dafoe.
In this spooky clip, Dafoe's character says that he's "looking to earn a living, on the run", before quizzing Pattinson about his secrets. Of course, R-Patz insists he isn't hiding anything, but the eery trailer suggests otherwise.
What follows is a Boschian montage of low-lit chaos as the two guardians drink, dance, strangle and embrace each other, all within the trapped confines of the ominous lighthouse. The trailer ends with Dafoe's character asking Pattinson, "how long have we been on this rock? Five weeks? Two days? Help me to recollect."
It's a far cry from Pattinson's newly announced role as Batman, but if this trailer's anything to go by, we can expect some Hitchcockian madness.
The Lighthouse is due for release October 18, 2019. Watch the trailer below.
M3GAN is not going to apologise for taking up space
Meet the actor playing 2017's most perverse protagonist
The story behind Babylon, the best or maybe worst film of 2023
The wildest X-rated films of the 60s and 70s
Film & TVNewsRobert PattinsonWillem DafoeRobert Eggers


A secret trash den found at the K-Way Lions Head Cleanup.
The things we do for nature : the 10 weirdest objects we pick up on a cleanup.
Not just a gear review.
© Love Our Trails 2017 | Website lovingly created by Noo Stuff Design Studio with CN&CO to raise funds for Shark Spotters.


Chancellor George Osborne should use the Autumn Statement to postpone the introduction of the tapered annual allowance, Fidelity says.
Under the Government's current plan people with "adjusted income" over £150,000 will see their annual allowance reduced from £40,000 down to £10,000 for those earning over £210,000.
But experts have warned the complexity of the rules is heaping pressure on employers and may simply lead to people contributing the minimum £10,000 a year.
Fidelity International head of retirement Richard Parkin says not only will "hard working business people" be affected but the system may well be scrapped within 12 months if the Chancellor decides on broader reform of tax relief.
He says: "This policy doesn't just impact city fat cats but also hard working business people and professional public servants such as GPs and surgeons.
He adds: "The Chancellor has flagged that he will be announcing further changes to incentives in the 2016 Budget – expect these to impact high earners, to be relatively radical in nature and to be effective within a relatively short time frame – perhaps as early as April 2017.
The Autumn Statement will be delivered by the Chancellor on 25 November.