text:
Q: Is there a way to get the emails of new YouTube subscribers? Python So as the title says.. ''Is there a way to get the emails of new YouTube subscribers? Python''
i am planning to build an emailing list wherein if a person subscribes to my youtube channel, i want to be able to automatically send them an email containing my latest blogs and video updates. so is there a way to do that? maybe using the youtube api? or external codes or websites?
i know that i could just ask them for their email addresses using a google form and link that  to a python script that sends emails using SMTP but i want to do it automatically when they subscribe to my youtube channel.
any help will help alot
thank you

A: Yes, you can. You can use the youtube api. Simply call the api, and get whatsoever the element is, for new subscribers. Then, you can create a text and mail it to yourself.
For making it run all the time, you have to go to the terminal and keep it running...

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Fifteen persons were feared dead while over 50 were reported injured when the Coromandel Express train derailed near Jajpur railway station in Orissa on Friday.
The accident occurred nearly 100 km from Orissa's capital Bhubaneswar. The railway officials feared that the toll could go up. Rescue operations were on and the State police chief had rushed to the scene of accident.
The incident occurred just a few hours after the Railway minister Lalu Prasad Yadav had delivered the interim rail budget speech in the Parliament, focusing on rail security and decline in mishaps.
The derailment occurred at Jajpur-Keonjhar railway section, 70 km near Cuttack. Railway ministry has ordered a probe into the accident. A compensation of Rs 5 lakh to the kin of every person who died in the mishap, has been announced.


Hi there. My name is Cooper and I live in Little Elm. I have just a bit of sailing experience, but looking for more.
I have spoken with a few people about trying to jump on a boat to crew, but no luck so far.
I am available most of the time as I am single and the kids are out of the house.
Would love to crew this weekend for the Terlingua-In-Exile Regatta.


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The Optimistic Jew
Books and Writing | Nonfiction
It seems appropriate today, the day after Tisha b'Av, to turn toward the future with hope and optimism.
Tsvi Bisk, Director of the Center for Strategic Futurist Thinking in Israel, is the author of the just-released and very well-written The Optimistic Jew: A Positive Vision for the Jewish People in the 21st Century. Somehow he found li'l ol' me and asked if I'd consider writing a review. Just a summary of the book had me intrigued, and The Optimistic Jew is well worth the read.
As an added bonus, Tsvi will be speaking in St. Paul this Sunday at 10:30am at the St. Paul JCC, and also at the World Future 2007 Conference at the Minneapolis Hilton between July 29 – August 1. I'll be attending his lecture at the St. Paul JCC. If you're in town, come see him! (And me! I'm friendly, honest!) With any luck, I'll be able to post an interview with him here, too.
So without further delay, here's more on The Optimistic Jew.
With the sobering predictions from successive American Jewish population studies, it's easy to become pessimistic about whether it's going to be worth it in the long run to raise an increasingly smaller new generation with a strong Jewish identity. Is there a reason for paying thousands of dollars for a child's Jewish education?
Unequivocally, yes, says Tsvi Bisk in his new book, The Optimistic Jew (Maxanna Press, 2007). Director of the Center for Strategic Futurist Thinking in Kfar Saba, Israel, Bisk not only knows that there's a reason to be optimistic, he outlines exactly how we can create a strong, vibrant Jewish future, attracting younger generations of disenfranchised and unaffiliated Jews in the process. And we can do it in our own lifetime.
There are several keys to achieve this, according to Bisk. One is embracing cultural pluralism, and he likens it to an environmental paradigm:
"Environmentalism recognizes that "monoculturalism" (the cultivation of a single crop over extensive areas) endangers the health of the entire ecological system. Ecological systems that have an increasing variety of species and ever-increasing interactions between these species are healthy, vigorous, and robust. Ecological systems that have a diminishing variety of species and diminishing interaction between these species are sick and susceptible to collapse." (p. 31)
And Bisk dismisses the idea that one has to choose between cultures: Jewish versus American versus Israeli versus any other cultural heritage, stating, "Individuals who cultivate within themselves a plurality of cultures also have a much better chance of succeeding. […] To the extent that Israel and the Jewish people at large can make this cultural attitude a norm, we will truly be a light unto the nations." (pp. 139-140)
Another key is redefining Zionism for the 21st century. While Zionism was indeed a success, it is no longer applicable either to Israelis or the Diaspora. Writes Bisk, "Many young Diaspora and Israeli Jews have grown distant from Israel in recent years because Zionism is a 19th century ideology trying to come to terms with a 21st century reality." (p. 57). In clear, down to earth language, Bisk retraces the history of Zionism, how it grew, how it succeeded, and what needs to happen to reinvent it for today and the future.
The third key relates to the role of Israel, within both Israeli and Diaspora culture. Since the creation of the State of Israel, the primary relationship has been one of the Diaspora financially funding Israeli organizations, ultimately directed by Israeli politics. Some Israelis, Bisk writes, claim that not only have these contributions had little effect on Israeli citizens, they have actually become detrimental.
"The time has come for a new paradigm wherein these relatively small sums go directly […] to more efficient and effective public administration, innovative educational initiatives and national projects (such as energy independence) that could mobilize the energies and skills of large numbers of uninvolved Jews." (pp. 68-69)
Bisk casts a sharp eye on the secular European Enlightenment, citing it as the basis for a global return to fundamentalism in any religion. While Jewish responses to the Enlightenment brought us this far, he writes, they cannot sustain Jewish identity into the future. This is not simply a case of changing beliefs or creating belief where there was none, but rather creating entirely new Jewish expressions.
Pulling together politics, psychology, economics, history, sociology, and ecology, Bisk describes where we've been, where we are, and where we can be. He offers specific ideas and suggestions for creating the optimistic future he envisions, and cites actions we can take as both individuals and a people. Of particular interest is his outline for the Jewish Energy Project, which can all at once invigorate today's Jews, reassert Israel's place in Jewish life, and tackle the growing dependence on foreign oil.
For anyone who is interested in what the future of the Jewish people can look like—if we will it—this is a highly recommended solid read with a potentially real outcome.
Sheyna on September 3, 2007 at 10:14 pm
Anon – no problem. The more the merrier, and I'll take all the links you want to throw my way.
Claudia – I saw your review after mine on Amazon. Thanks for adding it here.
Anonymous on September 2, 2007 at 5:42 pm
Book review of "THE OPTIMISTIC JEW: A positive vision for the Jewish People in the 21st century", by Tsvi Bisk, (2007, Maxanna Press).
By Claudia Chaves
Given the immense challenges facing the Jewish people today, a book entitled "The Optimistic Jew" would seem to be either a bad joke or wishful thinking. But it isn't. The title and the content grew from decades of deep thinking and study by futurist Tsvi Bisk, who points to a truly possible future for the Jews — if we dare to hope for one and commit to making it happen. The author isn't stuck on his version of a future, and invites the reader to create a positive future that includes her/his own self-actualization. He leads by example – and the power of his example derives from values dear to the Jewish people: breadth and depth of learning, the courage to hold a redemptive vision, and down to earth practicality. Analyzing present world trends, understanding Jewish history, and rooted in the Zionism and the pragmatism of Ben Gurion, Tsvi Bisk shows us a path forward.
Some of us work to understand and mitigate the present threats to Israel's survival as a vibrant country and society, and the threats to Jews' sense of security and dignity in a world again rife with anti-Semitism. I call this work the "anti" work. Hard and painful as it is, it is essential work. But it acquires new meaning when we also work as cultural creatives – I call this the "pro" work. With the very real freedom we have today as Jews, and preserving our internal freedom from encroachment by hopelessness and apathy; with the enormous strength, inspiration and learning we can draw from our history and ancestors, and with the wisdom and learning we draw from other peoples and traditions, we can create a beautiful and powerful future.
Some of us work in this "anti" and "pro" directions not just relative to the future of the Jewish people, but of humankind, of the planet and all sentient beings. This book focuses on the first of these but doesn't exclude the others. Tsvi Bisk sees them as complementary. Depending on how comfortably and consciously Jewish identity fits for any individual Jew with the other levels of his/her identity, so will focusing on the future of the Jewish people complement their work for a positive future for all.
In my own experience of pointing out a path forward – a path which integrates but is not held back by the present obstacles – I have found that people very rarely dare to vision, and therefore also rarely dare to commit and act in a timely way. Staying within the herd seems to be a more powerful force for humans in general, than ensuring a good future for all. Leaders are generally far more interested in personal glory (requiring herd approval) than leading towards a good future for all. As a consequence, a bad future arrives – a deterministic future: determined by the forces that were at work in the present when people opted for inercia, apathy, divisiveness, powerlessness. Tsvi Bisk tells us that it doesn't have to be that way.
Just reading his understanding of Zionism is a balm to the heart and health food to the mind. (Zionism being a word so distorted and maligned in the world, that many Jews have become "closet Zionists"). Tsvi not only brings it with dignity out of the closet , but he is one of our best teachers on Zionism for the many Jews who know little about it and lack the sense of historical perspective. (His other book, Futurizing the Jews, goes into more depth relative to the historical origins of Zionism as a movement).
Bisk realizes that most Jews today live in a highly individualistic world. Collectivist cultural values and norms are on the wane in the experience of most Jews. (He likes the way the pendulum has swung. Others of us may prefer other combinations of individualistic and collectivistic cultural habitats). Zionism always held as one of its highest values Hagshama Atzmit, Self-Actualization, but the mix of individualistic and collectivistic values and feelings that brought about self-actualization for Jews 50 to 100 years ago is a different mix today. This is a fact, and Tsvi Bisk modernizes Zionism by acknowledging the real and potent integration possible today between what is meaningful for individual Jews and creating a good future for the Jewish people.
Having said all this, I don't agree with Tsvi on every single point. Neither may you. But this book has convinced me to become his ally in the creation of the future, and I believe and hope that many others that read it will be inspired to do so also. This is an excellent book for book clubs and study groups.
Anonymous on August 27, 2007 at 2:16 pm
Sheyna,
Just so you know, Bisk has also asked us to read and write a review as well, and we will be linking to your review. We are assuming this is OK with you, if not please email us through our site:
http://www.newzionist.com
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(The arrangement of content may vary depending on faculty).
Professional and personal qualities of a leader, what does it take?
Strategies for dealing with conflict within teams, committees, etc.
Attendees include: Nurse leaders from a variety of settings, Deans and Directors, Nursing faculty, staff, alumni, students, current Amy V. Cockcroft Fellows and Amy V. Cockcroft Leadership Fellowship alumni.
Learn More about the Amy V. Cockcroft Leadership Fellowship here.
During the yearlong program, each fellow will plan and implement a project that illustrates acquired leadership. Fellows will plan to disseminate the information to a larger scale audience (i.e., article, conference presentation, etc.). This leadership project is presented at the Center for Nursing Leadership's annual Leadership Summit. The Fellows are recognized for their participation as Fellows in a ceremony following their presentations at the Summit.


Join NetCentric at the USDA's Accessible Technology and Disability Awareness Fair, where the goal is to unlock and eliminate barriers by providing accessibility to all.
9:00 a.m. Kick Off, Vendors untiltil 3:00 p.m.
Win great prizes! Join the fun!
USDA is committed to ensuring that all employees are included in our programs and work environment, especially employees with disabilities.
Sign language interpreters will be provided. Requests for other accommodation needs should be emailed to Angela Williams at angela.williams@ocio.usda.gov.


Trump's commission on election fraud has told states to hold off on sharing voter data due to legal challenges, per the AP. Some states refused to comply with the request in the first place, as we reported earlier.
New timeline: The original deadline to share data was this Friday, July 14. Trump's commission has until July 17 to respond to a legal challenge from the Electronic Privacy Information Center in Washington and asked states to hold off until a judge decides the case.
Other legal challenges: The ACLU filed in Washington, Florida, and New Hampshire.


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Hot July Weather and Corn Yields
farmdoc daily (1):112
Recommended citation format: Irwin, S. and D. Good. "Hot July Weather and Corn Yields." farmdoc daily (1):112, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, July 19, 2011. Permalink
The onset of high temperatures in much of the Corn Belt this week has raised the issue of the impact of high summer temperatures on corn yields. See this recent article for an overview of the effects of high temperature on corn plant physiology and yield potential.
In order to provide further insight on temperature impacts, we examine state-average corn yields for Illinois over 1975 through 2010 in years when the average July temperature exceeded 77 degrees or about 2 degrees above the average temperature for the state over the entire time period. We chose this temperature cutoff because preliminary data indicates July 2011 will be at least this warm. Summer weather and trend-adjusted yield data for those 10 years are presented in Table 1. Note that the observations are ordered by average July temperatures (largest to smallest). A linear regression trend estimate over 1975-2010 is used to re-state all yields in terms of 2011 technology. For example, the actual Illinois yield in 2002, 135 bushels per acre, is increased to 152 bushels to reflect the improvement in corn production technology since 2002.
The state average trend-adjusted corn yield in the selected 10 years varied from 116.7 to 182.5 bushels and averaged 157.8 bushels, compared to the 36-year average of 168.7 bushels. Consistent with previous research, a substantial part of the variation is associated with the large range in July precipitation and varying temperature and precipitation conditions in August. In addition, extremely dry conditions were experienced prior to July in 1988. The available data indicates average July temperature in 2011 will be above 77 degrees and that the average precipitation will be below the 1975-2010 average of 4 inches.
The other years since 1975 that most resemble 2011 July weather conditions (hot and dry) are 1977, 1980, 1983, 1999, and 2002. What happened in those years? As indicated in Figure 1, crop condition ratings (percent rated good or excellent) declined sharply in each year, except 1977, as the growing season progressed from late June through early September. The seasonal pattern of the crop condition ratings was influenced by August weather conditions in each of those years. Average August temperature and precipitation varied considerably in those years, with various combinations of above and below average temperature and precipitation. At one extreme were the cool, wet conditions of 1977 and at the other extreme were the hot, dry conditions of 1983. The average crop condition ratings from late June through early September for those 5 years, along with the condition ratings through the third week of July 2011, are presented in Figure 2. To date, 2011 crop condition ratings are generally tracking the average of the five analog years.
As shown in Figure 3, the state average trend-adjusted corn yield varied from 132.2 to 169.6 bushels in the five years since 1975 that had similar July weather conditions to those expected for 2011 (Figure 3). Not surprisingly, the lowest yield was in 1983 when August was also hot and dry and the highest yield was in 1977 when August was cool and very wet. The average yield for the five years was 153.7 bushels, 15 bushels below the 36 year average (trend-adjusted). The Olympic average (excluding the highest and lowest) for the period was 155.6 bushels, 13.1 bushels below the 36 year average.
Corn yield prospects in Illinois this year are still very uncertain. However, the history of corn yields in years with hot, dry conditions in July clearly points to the potential for a below average yield. Much will depend on actual weather conditions in the last week of July and in August. Weekly crop condition ratings will provide some indication of potential yield. Without favorable conditions during that period, a state average corn yield in the mid- to low-150's might be expected. That compares to a trend yield for 2011 of 168.7 bushels.
Some other Corn Belt states have experienced hot, dry conditions in July. We have not done a similar analysis for these states, but comparable results would be expected. The implications for the U.S. average corn yield are less certain because parts of the Corn Belt have fared better than Illinois this summer.
How Much Risk to the Corn Crop?
June Soybean Crush Smaller Than Expected


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Find out what's coming up! Click here for a list of forthcoming titles.
Shameless Feminists
Paula Hewitt Amram
In comics that fuse personal testimony with political savvy on topics from healthcare, harassment, childbirth, and assault to everyday sexism, women break glass ceilings and pick the shards from...
The Black Panthers
Portraits from an Unfinished Revolution
Bryan Shih
Even fifty years after it was founded, the Black Panther Party remains one of the most misunderstood political organizations of the twentieth century. But beyond the labels of "extremist" and...
Art and Science of Billboard Improvement
Billboard Liberation Front
Everything you wanted to know about how to rearrange that offensive advertisement.
The Realization And Suppression Of The Situationist International
An Annotated Bibliography 1972–1992
Simon Ford
The Situationist International (1957-1972) has had a very productive afterlife. This annotated bibliography contains over 600 references that chart its rise to fame from obscurity to celebrity....
Surrealist Experiences
1001 Drawings, 221 Midnights
Penelope Rosemont
Penelope Rosemont's first book of articles and essays. It includes nearly two dozen texts originally published in surrealist journals from 1970 through the 90s, plus eleven that appear here for the...
Kino Delirium
The Films of Guy Maddin
Caelum Vatnsdal
Since the release of his first cult-classic feature, 'Tales From The Gimli Hospital', Maddin's unique films have fascinated and enthralled moviegoers around the globe...and he's the youngest...
Anarchitexts
Voices From The Global Digital Resistance
Joanne Richardson
Anarchitexts brings together a global mix of voices - from over a dozen countries - from the new "underground": engaged artists intervening in local struggles on the streets, media produers...
Situationist International Anthology
Ken Knabb
In 1957 a few experimental European groups stemming from the radical tradition of dadaism and surrealism, but seeking to avoid the cooption to which those movements succumbed, came together to form...
Unleashing The Collective Phantoms
Essays In Reverse Engineering
Brian Holmes
These insurgent essays develop and critique some of the cultural and artistic projects that first arose with the worlwide wave of protests, around the turn of the millennium, against what the...
Framing Identity
Social Practices of Photography in Canada (1880–1920)
Susan Close
Framing Identity examines how Canadian women at the turn of the 20th century used photography as a social practice to establish identity. Specifically, Close studies the photographic...
Remove This Item Topics: Art


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Nathan believes in the power of strong imagery, and the ability it has to captivate and invoke action. Now more than ever as brands seek to establish communities and enact change, their visual stories have the power to unify this generation, and inspire the next.
Nathan seeks to work with brands that are looking to make a difference, empower their customers to be unique and take pride in who they are. His work has been featured in print publications, online articles, and social media for clients like Volcom, Machine Gun Kelly, Gavin Newsom and more.


Summer, sun, the beach and Christmas? That might not sound as if it all fits together. But many event planners are already busy working out the details of the festivities to mark the end of the current year. Wassermann & Company is going to be operating a pop-up location in the runup to Christmas, and it promises to be full of surprises, with the emphasis on culinary diversity.
Your company's Christmas party this year could also be held in Wassermann's pop-up location in L'Entrée and could start with an elderberry/quince punch, roasted almonds and Christmas titbits brought round on vendors' trays. That could be followed by a buffet, offering guests delicacies like cream of chestnut soup with fried scallops, roast meat in herbal pastry and small potato dumplings. For the grand finale, there could be a trio of tarts: apple, pear and chocolate.
Is your mouth watering already? Well, that is just one of many ideas for seeing out 2017 in L'Entrée. Wassermann & Company's specialists guarantee reliable implementation of your festivities and they will be at your side to support you throughout the event – from the initial idea about planning it right through until you take leave of your guests. Moreover, they will do this for a fixed charge per head, making it an easy task for you to plan your budget.
We invite you to contact Wassermann & Company directly for any advice you may need, which will not commit you to anything.


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True Cost of a Speeding Ticket in Texas after Insurance Increases
John Kuo
Auto Insurance, Insurance
With all that open space, it's easy to understand the temptation to speed in Texas. Unfortunately, those who get caught going a little — or a lot — over the limit will face serious consequences. In many cases, they'll have to pay their ticket, then they'll see their insurance premiums go up. The points drivers receive after getting a ticket remain on their record for three years, and this means their insurance increases last that long as well.
Compare auto insurance policies instantly
While the average Texas driver pays an annual insurance premium of $1,074.68, the average driver ticketed for going 15 mph over the speed limit pays $1,202.24. Different municipalities in Texas charge different amounts, and sometimes it varies quite a bit for speeding tickets. City and county courts may also have different fines.
Of course, in addition to an individual's driving history, insurance premiums are also associated with other factors, such as the crime rate and the weather. Drivers in the same Texas town, even with the same violation, may still pay different insurance rates. But they have a better chance of paying less – or more – in insurance costs for a ticket if they live in one of the following communities.
» MORE: Best Cheap Car Insurance in Texas
The average car insurance increase for Texas drivers after they receive a speeding ticket for driving 15 mph over the limit is $127.56 a year, and insurance increases often last three years. That means Texas drivers on average pay an additional $382.68 on top of the ticket.
A driver in Lubbock will pay $167.44 more in insurance costs than a driver in Flower Mound.
After a 15 mph speeding ticket, Texas drivers' average annual car insurance premiums increase 11.87%.
Cities with the least expensive insurance increases after a speeding ticket
1. Flower Mound
Average insurance increase: 8.75%
15 mph ticket fine: $195
True cost: $472.89
Northeast Texas drivers — specifically those just north of Dallas — see the lowest average insurance increase in the state after a speeding ticket. All five of the cheapest cities are in the Dallas region, but Flower Mound drivers face the lowest penalties. On top of a relatively low average insurance premium — $1,058.81 — their rates will go up only about $92.63 a year after receiving a ticket. They'll also pay the penalty for speeding for a total cost of $472.89.
Flower Mound is in Denton and Tarrant counties, which both had a high rate of accidents and traffic fatalities in the most recent years data was available. In 2012, Tarrant County reported 122 traffic fatalities, the third-highest number in the state. However, Flower Mound also has a high median income, a factor which could contribute to its low insurance rates.
2. Garland
Average insurance increase: 8.8%
Garland drivers face the next lowest insurance penalties for speeding in the state. While the town's average insurance premium is $1,176.81, ticketed drivers pay about $103.58 more for a total of $1,280.39. Between the three-year increase and traffic fine, they'll pay $493.74.
Portions of Garland are in Dallas and Collin counties, which both also have higher traffic accident and fatality rates in the state. Dallas County had 208 traffic fatalities in 2012, the second-highest number in Texas. But in Garland, there were only 12 fatalities, making it a safer place to drive than other locations in the area.
3. Sachse
The small town of Sachse has the third-lowest insurance increases in the state after a speeding ticket. The average driver who pays $1,179.88 a year in premiums will see that increase to $1,283.81, a difference of $103.93. When their ticket is factored in, they'll pay a penalty of about $481.79 over three years.
Like Garland, Sachse is part of two counties, Dallas and Collin. In addition to having a high rate of accidents, Dallas County also has one of the state's highest levels of uninsured drivers: 16% hit the road without proper legal protection. That said, Sachse's size – its population is only 20,329 – may result in lower congestion in the town.
4. The Colony
At The Colony, residents of the Dallas suburb pay about $95.75 more a year in insurance premiums after receiving a speeding ticket for an average premium of $1,180.50. After they've paid their speeding ticket, the average penalty will total $472.25.
Even if drivers haven't been fined for speeding, the small and wealthy suburb's demographics and size may help lower its insurance premiums. The community also has a much lower rate of property crimes than the rest of Texas.
5. Coppell
15 mph ticket fine: Varies
In this community close to the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Coppell residents enjoy quick access to the skies — and low penalties for speeding. The average resident with a clean record pays $1,106.38 in insurance premiums, while residents with a speeding ticket pay $1,204.13, an increase of $97.75. Over three years, on top of the ticket fine, speeders will pay $293.25 extra for their insurance.
Though Coppell is primarily in Dallas County, its median income is more than double that of the state's median. In addition, the mean travel time for its residents who work, 23.8 minutes, is below average for Texas drivers.
Cities with the most expensive insurance increases after a speeding ticket
1. Lubbock
Average insurance increase: 13.88%
In this city next to New Mexico's border, Lubbock residents have the pleasure of being hit with the largest insurance increases after a speeding ticket in the state of Texas. At $148.44 more a year, Lubbock drivers pay a high price for their mistakes although their premiums overall are low. The average driver's yearly costs will increase from $1,069.56 to $1,218.00, a total of $445.32 over three years, not including the ticket.
Lubbock is one of Texas' biggest cities, and its drivers cause a higher number of crashes and fatal accidents than those in other similarly sized cities — including Garland, Laredo and Plano — which may be the reason for its rates. In 2012, Lubbock drivers were responsible for 22 of the 30 traffic fatalities in Lubbock County. As well, a higher-than-average number of the city's residents live below the poverty line, which could be one reason Lubbock residents pay higher premiums.
2. Pflugerville
Residents in the Austin suburb of Pflugerville will see the second-highest insurance increases in the state after they get a speeding ticket. Average premiums increase from $1,083.69 to $1,232.06. In total, they'll pay $634.11 for increased premiums and their ticket.
Travis County has relatively low rates of crashes and fatalities, 105 in 2012, for a county with its population; and Pflugerville had only 1 fatality. Still, the town undoubtedly pays a price for being within commuting distance of Austin. Earlier this year, Forbes ranked Austin's traffic congestion as the fourth worst in the country. Pflugerville residents who commute into Austin will spend an annual average of 41 hours in traffic.
3. Round Rock
Residents in Round Rock, who are Pflugerville's neighbors, are hit with a slightly lower insurance penalty if they receive a speeding ticket. Their rates increase by an average of $138.12, to $1,150.04. By the time Round Rock's speeding ticket fines are factored in, drivers are on the hook for $616.36.
Because of their proximity – and similar exposure to Austin traffic – it makes sense that Pflugerville and Round Rock drivers have similar insurance increases after a speeding ticket. The community has a slightly higher rate of traffic fatalities – 8 in 2012 — than their neighbor, although the number of accidents is about a tenth that of Pflugerville.
4. Corpus Christi
15 mph ticket fine: $200.10
Corpus Christi drivers pay the fourth-highest insurance penalties for tickets — an increase of about $136.61. Their overall insurance cost, even with a ticket, is still a relatively low $1,142.42. Without a ticket, residents pay an average of $1,005.81. With the increase and a ticket from Nueces County, drivers will pay about $609.93 for going 15 mph over the limit.
Although Corpus Christi is the eighth-largest city in Texas, and also one of the country's busiest ports, a slightly larger percentage of residents than the state's average live below the poverty line. The city was also responsible for 27 of the county's 38 traffic deaths in 2012. On the other hand, the FBI reports that Corpus Christi had a lower number of motor vehicle thefts than some smaller Texas cities, like Garland and Lubbock.
5. Austin
Despite being Texas' fourth-largest city, Austin drivers pay lower average premiums — both before and after a ticket — than residents of some smaller cities and towns. However, they still experience an average rate increase of $144.05 after a ticket, from $1,073.08 to $1,217.13, and an expensive ticket. Over three years, the total cost will be about $670.15.
Austin drivers with clean records pay a relatively low rate for insurance, which may explain the large increase. Although the city is notorious for its traffic congestion, it's also safe for vehicle owners. Austin has about half the number of vehicle thefts compared with larger cities, like Dallas and San Antonio. But commuters also have a slightly-lower-than-average travel time to work, according to the census data. As well, a smaller number of residents live below the poverty line than in some of Texas' other large cities — like Houston and Dallas — although the rate is still above the state average.
» COMPARE: Car insurance quotes
Which metro area has the largest insurance increase after speeding tickets?
Beaumont, Groves, Nederland, Port Arthur and Orange, which are all in the Beaumont-Port Arthur metro area, round out the top 10 cities with the biggest insurance increases. In Beaumont, speeding 15 mph over the limit will cost a driver $189 for the initial fine and $452.61 in insurance increases. As a result, a single speeding ticket will cost the average Beaumont driver $641.61.
What do Texans in large cities pay for speeding?
While some of Texas' biggest population centers are represented in the most and least expensive cities, others – like Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio and El Paso – fall somewhere in the middle in terms of insurance increases. Their tickets, though, are pricey.
Annual Insurance Increase
Total Insurance Increase
% Increase
15 MPH Ticket Fine
True Cost
61 San Antonio $142.16 $426.48 12.73% $198.00 $624.48
70 El Paso $129.17 $387.51 12.59% $200.00 $587.51
107 Fort Worth $124.06 $372.18 11.66% $210.10 $582.28
119 Dallas $126.64 $379.92 10.93% $226.10 $606.02
122 Houston $129.49 $388.47 10.76% $254.00 $642.47
The complete list
Average Annual Premium
15 MPH Ticket Average
1 Lubbock $1,069.56 $1,218.00 13.88% $148.44 $445.32
2 Pflugerville $1,083.69 $1,232.06 13.69% $148.37 $445.11
3 Round Rock $1,011.92 $1,150.04 13.65% $138.12 $414.36
4 Corpus Christi $1,005.81 $1,142.42 13.58% $136.61 $409.83
5 Austin $1,073.08 $1,217.13 13.42% $144.05 $432.15
6 Beaumont $1,126.19 $1,277.06 13.40% $150.87 $452.61
7 Groves $1,126.19 $1,277.06 13.40% $150.87 $452.61
8 Nederland $1,126.19 $1,277.06 13.40% $150.87 $452.61
9 Port Arthur $1,126.19 $1,277.06 13.40% $150.87 $452.61
10 Orange $1,171.31 $1,326.31 13.23% $155.00 $465.00
11 Bryan $935.31 $1,058.75 13.20% $123.44 $370.32
12 College Station $935.31 $1,058.75 13.20% $123.44 $370.32
13 Kerrville $972.19 $1,099.75 13.12% $127.56 $382.68
14 Dickinson $1,005.13 $1,136.06 13.03% $130.93 $392.79
15 Friendswood $1,005.13 $1,136.06 13.03% $130.93 $392.79
16 Galveston $1,005.13 $1,136.06 13.03% $130.93 $392.79
17 League City $1,005.13 $1,136.06 13.03% $130.93 $392.79
18 Harlingen $1,249.00 $1,411.25 12.99% $162.25 $486.75
19 Weatherford $1,041.31 $1,176.56 12.99% $135.25 $405.75
20 Converse $1,086.34 $1,226.94 12.94% $140.60 $421.80
21 Universal City $1,086.34 $1,226.94 12.94% $140.60 $421.80
22 Burleson $1,037.38 $1,171.63 12.94% $134.25 $402.75
23 Cleburne $1,037.38 $1,171.63 12.94% $134.25 $402.75
24 Uvalde $967.94 $1,093.19 12.94% $125.25 $375.75
25 Tyler $1,069.06 $1,207.38 12.94% $138.32 $414.96
26 Lake Jackson $1,060.06 $1,197.19 12.94% $137.13 $411.39
27 Longview $1,138.30 $1,285.38 12.92% $147.08 $441.24
28 Sherman $993.13 $1,121.44 12.92% $128.31 $384.93
29 Alvin $1,062.94 $1,200.25 12.92% $137.31 $411.93
30 Angleton $1,062.94 $1,200.25 12.92% $137.31 $411.93
31 Marshall $1,135.13 $1,281.63 12.91% $146.50 $439.50
32 Abilene $907.56 $1,024.44 12.88% $116.88 $350.64
33 Pearland $1,079.19 $1,218.06 12.87% $138.87 $416.61
34 Kyle $969.13 $1,093.81 12.87% $124.68 $374.04
35 Seguin $969.13 $1,093.81 12.87% $124.68 $374.04
36 Waxahachie $1,040.00 $1,173.75 12.86% $133.75 $401.25
37 San Marcos $980.00 $1,106.00 12.86% $126.00 $378.00
38 Conroe $1,107.10 $1,249.43 12.86% $142.33 $426.99
39 Alice $911.50 $1,028.63 12.85% $117.13 $351.39
40 Kingsville $911.50 $1,028.63 12.85% $117.13 $351.39
41 Portland $911.50 $1,028.63 12.85% $117.13 $351.39
42 Midlothian $1,049.75 $1,184.63 12.85% $134.88 $404.64
43 Georgetown $982.40 $1,108.54 12.84% $126.14 $378.42
44 New Braunfels $997.88 $1,125.88 12.83% $128.00 $384.00
45 Cedar Park $989.88 $1,116.75 12.82% $126.87 $380.61
47 Taylor $1,000.13 $1,128.25 12.81% $128.12 $384.36
48 Lufkin $1,068.75 $1,205.56 12.80% $136.81 $410.43
49 Nacogdoches $1,068.75 $1,205.56 12.80% $136.81 $410.43
50 Laredo $1,169.56 $1,319.19 12.79% $149.63 $448.89
51 Cibolo $1,013.44 $1,143.00 12.78% $129.56 $388.68
52 Schertz $1,013.44 $1,143.00 12.78% $129.56 $388.68
53 Ennis $1,064.38 $1,200.44 12.78% $136.06 $408.18
54 Harker Heights $930.19 $1,049.06 12.78% $118.87 $356.61
55 Killeen $930.14 $1,049.00 12.78% $118.86 $356.58
56 Belton $937.75 $1,057.44 12.76% $119.69 $359.07
57 Temple $937.69 $1,057.29 12.75% $119.60 $358.80
58 Waco $967.19 $1,090.51 12.75% $123.32 $369.96
59 Huntsville $1,038.19 $1,170.38 12.73% $132.19 $396.57
60 Palestine $1,038.19 $1,170.38 12.73% $132.19 $396.57
61 San Antonio $1,117.08 $1,259.24 12.73% $142.16 $426.48
62 Odessa $1,079.16 $1,216.02 12.68% $136.86 $410.58
63 Bay City $998.19 $1,124.69 12.67% $126.50 $379.50
64 Victoria $998.19 $1,124.69 12.67% $126.50 $379.50
65 Del Rio $892.25 $1,005.31 12.67% $113.06 $339.18
66 Eagle Pass $892.25 $1,005.31 12.67% $113.06 $339.18
67 San Benito $1,249.00 $1,407.25 12.67% $158.25 $474.75
68 Mount Pleasant $1,058.44 $1,192.38 12.65% $133.94 $401.82
69 Texarkana $1,053.56 $1,186.75 12.64% $133.19 $399.57
70 El Paso $1,026.16 $1,155.33 12.59% $129.17 $387.51
71 San Angelo $879.56 $990.06 12.56% $110.50 $331.50
72 Wichita Falls $942.78 $1,060.96 12.54% $118.18 $354.54
73 Leander $1,058.56 $1,191.22 12.53% $132.66 $397.98
74 Brenham $955.19 $1,074.88 12.53% $119.69 $359.07
75 Baytown $1,181.81 $1,329.71 12.51% $147.90 $443.70
76 Big Spring $950.88 $1,069.69 12.49% $118.81 $356.43
77 Midland $950.88 $1,069.69 12.49% $118.81 $356.43
78 Pampa $1,042.81 $1,170.75 12.27% $127.94 $383.82
79 Hereford $1,015.38 $1,139.50 12.22% $124.12 $372.36
80 Plainview $1,015.38 $1,139.50 12.22% $124.12 $372.36
81 Greenville $1,011.50 $1,133.94 12.10% $122.44 $367.32
82 Alamo $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
83 Donna $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
84 Edinburg $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
85 McAllen $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
86 Mercedes $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
87 Mission $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
88 Pharr $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
89 San Juan $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
91 Weslaco $1,278.75 $1,433.41 12.09% $154.66 $463.98
93 Copperas Cove $969.44 $1,086.63 12.09% $117.19 $351.57
94 Gatesville $969.44 $1,086.63 12.09% $117.19 $351.57
95 Brownwood $970.19 $1,087.44 12.09% $117.25 $351.75
96 Gainesville $970.19 $1,087.44 12.09% $117.25 $351.75
97 Mineral Wells $970.19 $1,087.44 12.09% $117.25 $351.75
98 Stephenville $970.19 $1,087.44 12.09% $117.25 $351.75
99 Paris $969.94 $1,086.56 12.02% $116.62 $349.86
100 Sulphur Springs $969.94 $1,086.56 12.02% $116.62 $349.86
101 La Porte $1,164.78 $1,304.44 11.99% $139.66 $418.98
102 Brownsville $1,249.00 $1,398.53 11.97% $149.53 $448.59
103 Deer Park $1,176.91 $1,317.75 11.97% $140.84 $422.52
104 Denton $1,039.78 $1,163.24 11.87% $123.46 $370.38
105 Amarillo $1,185.56 $1,324.75 11.74% $139.19 $417.57
106 Humble $1,207.84 $1,349.27 11.71% $141.43 $424.29
107 Fort Worth $1,063.71 $1,187.77 11.66% $124.06 $372.18
108 Keller $1,036.31 $1,155.88 11.54% $119.57 $358.71
109 North Richland Hills $1,055.75 $1,177.31 11.51% $121.56 $364.68
110 Arlington $1,071.56 $1,194.33 11.46% $122.77 $368.31
111 Haltom City $1,066.69 $1,188.50 11.42% $121.81 $365.43
112 South Houston $1,169.59 $1,299.75 11.13% $130.16 $390.48
113 Mesquite $1,158.49 $1,287.33 11.12% $128.84 $386.52
114 Balch Springs $1,148.88 $1,276.38 11.10% $127.50 $382.50
115 Mansfield $1,032.31 $1,146.44 11.06% $114.13 $342.39
116 Pasadena $1,170.51 $1,299.75 11.04% $129.24 $387.72
117 Wylie $1,110.88 $1,232.31 10.93% $121.43 $364.29
118 McKinney $1,127.73 $1,250.98 10.93% $123.25 $369.75
119 Dallas $1,159.05 $1,285.69 10.93% $126.64 $379.92
120 Bellaire $1,182.78 $1,311.44 10.88% $128.66 $385.98
121 Terrell $1,154.19 $1,279.06 10.82% $124.87 $374.61
122 Houston $1,203.62 $1,333.11 10.76% $129.49 $388.47
123 Lancaster $1,170.13 $1,294.50 10.63% $124.37 $373.11
124 Stafford $1,199.25 $1,326.44 10.61% $127.19 $381.57
125 Missouri City $1,195.28 $1,319.88 10.42% $124.60 $373.80
126 Colleyville $1,015.75 $1,120.13 10.28% $104.38 $313.14
127 Grapevine $1,015.25 $1,119.44 10.26% $104.19 $312.57
128 Southlake $1,015.25 $1,119.44 10.26% $104.19 $312.57
129 Corsicana $990.06 $1,091.50 10.25% $101.44 $304.32
130 Denison $993.13 $1,094.81 10.24% $101.68 $305.04
131 Sugar Land $1,188.63 $1,309.71 10.19% $121.08 $363.24
132 Euless $1,035.97 $1,141.31 10.17% $105.34 $316.02
133 Hurst $1,023.44 $1,127.47 10.16% $104.03 $312.09
134 Bedford $1,016.31 $1,119.50 10.15% $103.19 $309.57
135 Plano $1,109.79 $1,221.59 10.07% $111.80 $335.40
136 Little Elm $1,084.75 $1,193.25 10.00% $108.50 $325.50
137 Rowlett $1,165.31 $1,281.66 9.98% $116.35 $349.05
138 Lewisville $1,071.35 $1,178.10 9.96% $106.75 $320.25
139 Richardson $1,155.06 $1,269.96 9.95% $114.90 $344.70
140 Rosenberg $1,167.44 $1,283.06 9.90% $115.62 $346.86
141 Duncanville $1,201.63 $1,320.00 9.85% $118.37 $355.11
142 DeSoto $1,200.44 $1,318.69 9.85% $118.25 $354.75
143 Cedar Hill $1,188.63 $1,305.50 9.83% $116.87 $350.61
144 Irving $1,141.15 $1,250.20 9.56% $109.05 $327.15
145 Rockwall $1,166.81 $1,277.81 9.51% $111.00 $333.00
146 Allen $1,110.88 $1,213.69 9.25% $102.81 $308.43
147 Frisco $1,120.48 $1,222.90 9.14% $102.42 $307.26
148 Grand Prairie $1,124.81 $1,225.42 8.94% $100.61 $301.83
149 Carrollton $1,111.65 $1,210.15 8.86% $98.50 $295.50
150 Coppell $1,106.38 $1,204.13 8.84% $97.75 $293.25
151 The Colony $1,084.75 $1,180.50 8.83% $95.75 $287.25
152 Sachse $1,179.88 $1,283.81 8.81% $103.93 $311.79
153 Garland $1,176.81 $1,280.39 8.80% $103.58 $310.74
154 Flower Mound $1,058.81 $1,151.44 8.75% $92.63 $277.89
Average $1,074.68 $1,202.24 11.91% $127.56 $382.68
To determine the average insurance premium increases, we retrieved quotes for four different driver profiles in Texas: 27-year-old single men and women and 40-year-old married men and women each driving a Toyota Camry and a Ford Escape. For each driver profile, we chose the city's two cheapest car insurance quotes to mimic consumer behavior and to determine our overall average. We only surveyed cities that had populations over 15,000 residents. We collected ticket information by calling cities' municipal courts and calculated the true cost of the speeding ticket by adding the cost of a speeding ticket to three years of car insurance increases. The estimated costs are for illustrative purposes only. The actual insurance increases you face will vary depending on your insurance carrier, your location and other factors.
Texas Highway via Shutterstock
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Guild Wars, the hugely successful subscription-free fantasy MMO, now has its first sequel: Guild Wars 2. The developers promise a divergence from traditional MMO formulas, including those used by the original. Does this new direction herald a new era of how we play MMOs, or is this an experiment that's gone awry?
Crafting is very lopsided from what I can tell; you need a very generous amount of raw materials to craft items and then the crafting experience isn't beneficial enough to take you to the next level of materials. I used all of the materials I had gathered in the beginning section for bronze items and still didn't make enough experience to start crafting iron or silver in the next area.
Unless you have people willing to help you with little to no gain, crafting is going to be a real grind because Coin is very hard to come by starting off. I can see many people just blowing this off until they are either geared out to kill things quickly in the lower level areas, or have enough cash to buy raw materials at the auction house.
The overall gameplay of Guild Wars 2 is fluid and intuitive. The rigidity of having to use one weapon for your character is gone; here you can swap to any weapon your class can use with no investment of gold to learn it, and you gain the skills from making kills with each weapon. The only thing you have to pay Coin for is how many points you can put in your trait skills; these are used to increase your critical damage, strength, health and etc.
Guild Wars 2 will now lower your level to that particular area, therefore if you're a level 30 helping a level 7 and are in a level 4 area, both of you will be leveled down to the max level allowed in that area, generally 2 levels above the beasts. This only affects your health and max damage; critical damage and skills are not affected. This is a fair balance for a game that encourages you to team up.
While you are teamed up with other people, your Influence gain for completing events and personal story are increased, providing more currency to your given guild. All guilds require a high amount of Influence to provide features such as a guild bank, bonuses to gathering/mining and so much more.
There are some basic features missing from the game that should be there, such as you can't directly trade with another player. Instead, you have to mail everything. You also can't inspect another player's gear, and if someone is in a overflow area of a map you can't find them on the world map – the latter could be a bug but it's happened frequently to my friends and I.
I would like to say that I appreciate how the dye system works; you don't have to hunt down or buy the exact same dye for each piece of armor you wish to change, all you do is add it to your inventory and you can apply it to as many times as you want. A feature many veteran players of Guild Wars were looking forward to is the legacy system at the Hall of Monuments. This feature is however a hollow gesture, in my opinion. The reason is that all the rewards are cosmetic or give you legacy-only pets in Guild Wars 2 – and there is no bonus to using these cosmetic changes or unique pets. This is a feature that had all of us Guild Wars veterans excited, but turned out to be a disappointment.
That aside, the death system is greatly appreciated and balanced. When you run out of life, you go down and have the chance to fight to survive to rally or heal yourself slowly to the point where you get back up and bring yourself back with around 10% health. This is sped up with the help of other players of any profession who can revive you and the more people helping, the better your chance of getting up much quicker. If the unthinkable happens and you do perish completely, you have to teleport back a town waypoint and repair one piece of armor for a small price.
The Player vs Player (PvP) is well balanced and I didn't notice any particular class dominating another, so this is something they obviously spent a lot of time working on. The maps I played on were small and fast paced, but in World vs World (WvW) they are open and take time to get to the action, then it gets hectic. There are bonuses to be gained from WvW such as gathering and mining, crafting for certain professions, Coin drops and more.
I mentioned before about the Black Lion Trading Company; this in-game group only takes Gems for purchases. These Gems can be earned via two methods; either real-world cash or by exchanging Coin at a certain exchange rate (gems can also be exchanged into Coin, again at a certain and different exchange rate). The Black Lion Trading Company can be accessed anywhere in the world, so you can always purchase something no matter where you are.
The Black Lion Trading Company also run the world's auction house, but if you need to pick up your profits you will need to talk to a representative in a city or in certain towns. The establishment is run independently from the primary game server, thus it has a tendency to be down for maintenance or experience severe load times. This has progressively gotten better since launch, but there are still random problems that pop up from time to time.
Guild Wars 2's connectivity certainly is stable; I have only been disconnected 3 times because of the game server not responding. This is saying something for a game that is supporting well over a million players since launch. A frequent audio bug I run into is related to my 5.1 speaker setup; such as I would hear the start of a NPC conversation from across the street as if I was standing right next to them, but the next person to talk would sound like they are actually across the street! The same thing happens to world sounds as well. This is very annoying because they sometimes don't stop, so I hear the area sound the entire time I'm around it until I leave it.
The music and sound effects are all well done; the music has a fantasy feel and when in a major battle the effects are clear and vibrant. The only problem I had with audio (aside from the bug) was the voice acting, not all of the dialogue is voiced and much of it is rehashed over and over.
The graphics are gorgeous, especially the particle effects from magic and area-of-effect skills. I have only two nitpicky complaints, the first: all the woman look young even if they are described as old, and second: how one texture meets another, such as a sidewalk meeting a group of stairs; one can look brighter than the other or the color can be drastically different. A frequent video bug I run into occurs when I go up stairs or an incline and almost all of the textures will disappear; turning the camera pops the missing textures back but if I go back, the same textures will disappear again.
I am very disappointed to report that Guild Wars 2 does not officially support multi-monitor resolutions. The character creation and cut scenes are completely broken, even when using third party tool like Flawless Widescreen to fix many of the other visual issues like the HUD. This is something Arena Net could have easily included, especially since the original Guild Wars has no trouble with multi-monitor resolutions.
To get the best possible performance out of the game, I recommend you use an SSD to run it from. There are many different variations of armor, clothing and color that would stress a regular HDD and this will cause a drastic drop in your frame rate. Techgage's own Rob Williams put up a video illustrating the advantages of using a SSD in "Lineage II – Hard Drive (HDD) vs. Solid-State Drive (SSD)". This video is almost a carbon copy of the performance difference I experienced when playing Guild Wars 2 on a HDD and then on my SSD.
In the end, Guild Wars 2 is one the best subscription-free MMOs I've played yet. I think Arena Net achieved many of the goals it was aiming for and pulled its ideas off extremely well. But, nothing feels new, except for where the personal story is concerned. I do get the feeling that some things were left behind or not fully explored and there could have been much more than what is here; I hope to see a little more risk in the way of original game play and more guild-centered story. Until then, Guild Wars 2 is a great game if you are looking for largely familiar but fine-tuned features, but without the subscription fee.
Graphics are second to none.
Weapon skills are learn as you go.
PvP and WvW is well-balanced.
Hall of Monuments is lackluster.
Minor graphic and audio bugs still persist.


Argonaut introduced the original Gravel Racer in 2014, which received "Best In Show" at the North American Handmade Bicycle Show in Charlotte, North Carolina. That bike was designed to go fast in a wide variety of road surfaces and conditions.
Since 2014 the gravel scene has exploded, and bike manufacturers are making machines with a wide variety of tire sizes and handling characteristics. Argonaut has intentionally sat on the sideline waiting for the dust, pun intended, to settle. With our full custom fabrication capabilities and go fast heritage, we designed a bike intended to be ridden hard and fast on any road surface. At a total weight of 16lbs., rider specific geometry, and rider specific layup pattern the Argonaut GR2 is the perfect tool for a weekday hammerfest set up with 28c tires and traditional road gearing, or a brutal 8 hour gravel race when equipped with wide range gearing and 38c tires.
There are many things that make the GR2 a standout; custom geometry, custom layup, and handmade in the Pacific Northwest to name a few. Regarding how the bike handles we focused on keeping the rear end, or chainstay length, as short as possible, which results in a bike with great acceleration and a lively feel. An Argonaut should jump when you step on the gas, and the GR2 is no exception.
but we're happy to build your GR2 specific to where and how you ride.
* All prices based on pre-designed geometry, rider tuned layup pattern and GR2 paint design.
The GR2 is offered in both custom, and pre-designed geometries. All GR2 frames are made to order and offer custom carbon layup throughout the frame. Below are 15 different geometries to choose from. Should your fit requirements put you somewhere outside one of the below geometries, we're happy to create a frame geometry that puts your saddle and bars in the perfect spot for your ideal riding position.
We created a special livery for the launch of the GR2. This paint design is offered up with 3 different color variations. It features high gloss clear coat with ceramic matte accents and raw carbon.


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The Real Story Behind Canada's Sudden Interest In Arctic Archaeology
Filed to:archaeology
Canadian prime minister Stephen Harper was absolutely gushing yesterday when he announced the discovery of one of the lost ships from the doomed Franklin expedition. But this anti-science government doesn't actually care for archaeology. Rather, it plans to use the find as a way to make a territorial claim on the Arctic — and its untapped resources.
Yesterday's announcement was truly a historic moment for Canada. The discovery of "Canada's Titanic" has finally solved one the country's greatest mysteries, the ultimate fate of Sir John Franklin's ill-fated expedition to the Arctic. Back in 1865, two British ships were sent to map uncharted areas of the Arctic and to find the fabled Northwest Passage to the Pacific. But the ships, with a crew of 24 officers and 110 men, became trapped in ice. They were never heard from again.
Finally, after 150 years of speculation and searches, sonar images from the waters of Victoria Strait revealed the wreckage of one of the ships on the ocean floor.
"For more than a century this has been a great Canadian story... It's been the subject of scientists and historians and writers and singers. And so I think we have a really important day in mapping together the history of our country," the prime minister said yesterday.
His use of the word "mapping" was very telling — because that's precisely what this is really about.
For you see, this prime minister has been an ardent backer of this project for years. He's thrown millions of dollars at it and even participated in some of the archaeological expeditions. But let's not kid ourselves — it's not because this anti-science PM has suddenly seen the light. This is the same guy who's actively obstructing the right of the press and public to speak to government scientists, an unabashed effort to suppress information that would undermine work in the tar sands.
O Canada, Why Are You Still Muzzling Science Journalists?
When a Canadian border official learned that Emily Atkin was a U.S. reporter coming to see the…
How the Tar Sands Are Crushing Science in Canada
The Canadian government is currently under investigation for its efforts to obstruct the right of…
It's also the same government that, in the words of a recent Globe and Mail editorial...
...cancelled the $2 million annual funding for the Experimental Lakes Area in 2012, a decision that led to the Ontario facility's temporary closure. The ELA had been a critical scientific research centre that, among other things, had helped show the world the dangers of phosphorus in effluent and the damage caused by acid rain. Its defunding was criticized by scientists around the world; the ELA and its decades of research were only saved when a non-profit group stepped in.
This is also the same Harper government that stopped funding to a foundation that supported a High Arctic atmospheric research laboratory doing critical long-term research on climate change. The defunding would have forced the station to close in 2012; only sustained public outcry resulted in new federal money.
In reality, this pet project of the prime minister is an effort to show that Canada has a historic claim to this Arctic region. It's part of a territorial battle that's brewing between Canada and Russia; below the melting Arctic ice lies vast stockpiles of largely untapped natural resource reserves. It looks like Russia is going to use the military to enforce its claim, while Canada — with no real navy to speak of — will have to rely on its history. And also some cartography and geology — showing once again how selective this government can be when it comes to "supporting" science.
Russia Is Building a Star Fort on This Strategic Arctic Island
For decades, Wrangel Island has been classified as a nature preserve. Situated in the icy Chukchi…
Canada says it owns the North Pole, despite not having a proper map
The Canadian government is claiming 463,323 square miles (1.2 million square kilometers) in the…
Images: Government of Canada.
Follow me on Twitter: @dvorsky


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Directed by Virpi Suutari
German, Italian, Russian, English, Finnish, French
Documentary, Biography
Architecture, Biography, Women's Studies, History, Women Directors
This captivating exploration of Alvar Aalto, the defining figure in Scandic design and one of Europe's greatest modern architects, focuses on his remarkable and loving partnership with wife, Aino. Theirs was a profoundly humanist vision that put people at the centre of design, and ranged from work in furniture design through to huge architectural projects. They mixed with, and influenced, major figures of modernist art and design including Le Corbusier, Gropius, Moholy-Nagy, and Frank Lloyd Wright. Come on a cinematic tour of their iconic buildings all over the world, from a library in Russia, a student dormitory at MIT, an art collector's private house near Paris, to a pavilion in Venice. Narrated by experts in the field and featuring never before seen archive footage, Aalto tells the love story of an extraordinary couple with a great passion for human scale architecture.
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Sound: 2.0 Stereo
"This new biopic about one of the greatest designers of the 20th century is both an affectionate tribute to the work of Finnish architect Alvar Aalto and a touching love story. Enlivened by family photographs and plentiful archive footage, diagrams and painstaking research, Aalto is a meaty yet concise undertaking that will satisfy professional as well as dilettante appetites. "
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Laura Iloniemi , de zeen
Dragon Award
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In the 1980s, Richard Hambleton was the Shadowman, a specter in the night who painted hundreds of startling silhouettes on the walls of lower Manhattan and, along with Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Bas...
An Art That Nature Makes: The Work of Rosamond Purcell
Finding unexpected beauty in the discarded and decayed, photographer Rosamond Purcell has developed an oeuvre of work that has garnered international acclaim.
Revolution: New Art for a New World
Artists like Chagall, Kandinsky and Malevich--pioneers flourished in response to the challenge of building a new art for a new world, only to be broken by implacable authority after 15 short years and...
Salvador Dali: In Search of Immortality
An an eye-opening journey through the life and work of the great Salvador Dalí and his longtime muse and collaborator, Gala.
HOCKNEY is a documentary on one of the most significant artists of his generation, British painter David Hockney. At 78 years of age, the charismatic Hockney still works in his studio seven days a wee...


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De Fårhultsmast (Zweeds: Fårhultsmasten) is een 335 meter hoge zendmast in de buurt van de Zweedse stad Västervik.

Het object, dat wordt gebruikt voor FM- en televisie-uitzendingen, behoort met de identieke Gungvalamast, de Jupukkamast en de Storbergsmast tot de vier hoogste bouwwerken in Zweden.

Externe link
Structurae - Fårhultsmasten

Radio- en televisietoren in Zweden
Bouwwerk in Kalmar län


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Q: Citrix session remote shadowing This is Citrix technology based question. I need to develop windows app which should have functionality of remote session shadowing. We have server on which XenApp server and XenApp SDK is installed, and we get session information from it by using PowerShell. Problem is that XenApp SDK does not provide shadowing functionality. Basically i need something like client to client session shadowing.
Is this possible at all?
Thank You!

A: You can shadow a session remotely using WtsOpenServer and WtsStartRemoteControlSession api, just like rds/terminal server sessions. You MUST however shadow FROM an Ica (Citrix) session.
For OS < Vista you can use WinStationShadow.
See also: http://www.remkoweijnen.nl/blog/2007/10/30/new-terminal-server-apis-in-vista-sp1/


Tuesday, September 2, 2014 marked the first bellwether trial regarding the Johnson & Johnson (J&J) DePuy Pinnacle metal on metal hip implant.
Jury selection occurred on September 2nd. The trial proceeded with a nine member jury composed of five women and four men, including an attorney and a PhD pharmacist. Mark Lanier is the lead plaintiff's attorney.
On Wednesday, September 3, opening statements occupied the morning. In the afternoon, Andrew Ekdahl, ex-DePuy President, took the stand. He was head of marketing during key periods in question. Currently, he is chairman of DePuy Synthes unit's global orthopedic business. Ekdahl implies this is a promotion from his previous position. His testimony monopolized all of Wednesday afternoon as well as Thursday, September 4. Trial is not held on Fridays.
The trial is anticipated to last approximately 6-8 weeks.


Somebeachsomewhere lived up to his billing - and more - Saturday night when he coasted to victory before wall-to-wall crowds at the $1.5-million North America Cup at Mohawk Raceway.
The 3-year-old pacer went off as the heavy 2-to-5 favourite and earned an ovation after the win for his Maritime owners.
Somebeachsomewhere is now undefeated in nine starts, and the first undefeated winner of the North America Cup - and he did it while still dealing with a bruised bone in his foot.
"The foot's still an issue,'' trainer Brent MacGrath said.
It was the first North America Cup win for driver Paul MacDonell and the timing was perfect. He and his wife, Lynn, were celebrating their 22nd anniversary.
The winner's circle couldn't contain the large crowd of Nova Scotians and New Brunswickers that spilled onto the track after the horse won.
Somebeachsomewhere is a one-horse stable owned in part by trainer Brent MacGrath, owner of a couple of car dealerships in Truro, N.S., his partners and customers.
MacDonell, a local driver whose family comes from Cape Breton, has known MacGrath for years.
Somebeachsomewhere settled into third place early as Mucho Sleazy went for the lead to the first quarter in 26 4/5. But MacDonell didn't wait too long. At the quarter mile mark, he said he could see the shadows of a couple of horses moving to the outside, and he pulled Somebeachsomewhere from the rail and charged for the led.
Somebeachsomewhere took over the lead to the half-mile mark in 54 4/5 seconds and paced easily to the three-quarters in 1:22. He stretched his lead to three and a half lengths at the head of the stretch and cruised to the wire by 2 ¾ lengths in 1:49, equaling the fastest mark of his career that he took last week in winning an elimination for the North America Cup.
Badlands Nitro, second choice at almost 6 to 1, finished second for Brian Sears who said: "I was able to get out late and take a run at him.'' But the run was too late.
Santanna Blue Chip, driven by Mohawk's leading driver, Jody Jamieson, was third at odds of almost 16 to 1.
"I think he's a natural athlete,'' MacDonell said.
"He didn't put him down on the rail at all,'' MacGrath said. "That's why he took the two-hole [post position two] so he didn't get jammed up on that first turn…He drove the horse perfect. He always drives perfect, especially for the big ones, especially for the big money.
MacDonell returned two races later to win the $588,706 Elegantimage Stakes with Lantern Kronos, a 3-year-old trotting filly.


Howdy! It has been a long time coming since my last post, sorry for being so quiet. Of course, the eating during this period has not slowed down, just my ability to find an hour to blog has been the issue. I am currently sitting in front of the heater, with hot tea and a sore throat. My plan is to cook a chicken & vegetable soup tonight, and sit here and edit as many photos as I can so that I have plenty of content to share over the next few weeks. But today…a post that always makes me feel that little bit better; travel photos from Paris.
Walking around the city after our visit to the Notre Dame, we wandered over the Pont Des Arts, also know as the love lock bridge. I have blogged about this previously from my summer holiday to Paris, but it is always nice to revisit as there are always street artists performing, and crowds of lovebirds locking their lockets.
We then went on our merry way towards the Champs Elysees, to visit the Arc de Triomphe. Below are a few more photos of the beautiful city, captured along the way.
The Arc de Triomphe is definitely one of the most famous and well known monuments in Paris. In it's iconic location at the end of the Champs Elysees, surrounded by a huge roundabout, it is definitely on every tourists radar. We walked around underneath, and I captured some photos of the inscriptions on the walls with the monument being dedicated to those who fought in the Napolenic and French Revolutionary wars. You have the option to climb to the top, which I wish we had done, as you get a fabulous top down look over all of Paris. The good thing is that I captured some great photos when we did the Eiffel Tower, so at least I have those to keep me happy. No matter what angle you look at Paris, it is always stunning.
A trip to Paris is never complete without a visit to one of its many Patisseries. Laduree on the Champs Elysees is a tourists attraction in itself, with a line out the front door to prove it.
Inside the store, you are treated to it's beautiful fit-out which transports you to another time period. The cakes and chocolate on display look like perfection, but we had only come for one thing that day, a box of mixed macarons. We each chose some flavours and they pack them away in a beautiful box and bag to transport them on their journey to our stomachs.
Champs Elysees with the Roue de Paris (ferris wheel) at the end.
Aren't they so pretty in their box. Let me just say that these did not last long at all, maybe a whole of 10 minutes as we tried the different flavours. From memory we had gotten the salted caramel, pistachio, chocolate, chocolate & coconut and praline.
Love locket bridge and pretty macarons. Gorgeous photos as always My Kiki Cake!!


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Страхо́вка або страхування — сукупність спорядження для альпінізму, гірського туризму, скелелазіння, льодолазіння і дій спортсменів, спрямованих на запобігання або мінімізацію можливих небезпек від зривів або руйнування форм рельєфу, по яких рухається спортсмен.

У всіх видах страховки з використанням мотузки використовується вузол «вісімка».

На штучному рельєфі (скеледромі) точки страховки є частиною конструкції скеледрому і являють собою вушка для карабінів.

Страховка в альпінізмі і гірському туризмі
Під час сходження спортсменам доводиться долати різні ділянки рельєфу: сніг, фірн, крига, скелі, осипи і трав'янисті схили. Для кожного з цих видів рельєфу існує певне спорядження і техніка страховки.

Організацію страховки здійснюють наступним чином: встановлюють дві-три точки страховки (спорядження специфічне для кожного виду рельєфу) на невеликій відстані один від одного. При цьому всі точки повинні бути незалежні одна від інших. Карабіни з'єднують петлею з стропів або мотузки діаметром не менше 8 мм. Сполучені таким чином точки називаються базою. Перебуваючи біля бази, учасник сходження повинен бути пристебнутий до бази (а саме до мотузки, що зв'язує точки) за допомогою самостраховки. Всі додаткові страхувальні пристосування також повинні бути пристебнуті до бази.

Страховка на скелях
Для організації бази найбільш часто використовують таке спорядження:
 Шлямбур — можна описати як «скельний аналог дюбеля». Вважається найнадійнішим спорядженням для організації бази. Спочатку скельним молотком робиться отвір, в який вставляється дюбель з м'якого металу, розтискний анкер або клеюча смола. Після чого в цей же отвір вставляється (у разі смоли), закручується або забивається гак або болт, який тримає проушину. Страховка кріпиться за цей гак або отвір у вушку. Правильно встановлений шлямбур дуже надійний, його руйнівне навантаження 2,5-5 т, що найчастіше перевершує міцність скелі або мотузки. Шлямбури встановлюються як надійна точка страховки для тривалого використання. Переваги — надійність, можна встановити на «дзеркальні» стіни, служить не один рік. Недоліки — складність установки, на установку йде багато часу, потрібен досвід. Іноді переваги шлямбурів стають їх недоліком. Через їх велику надійність їх постійно використовують на «популярних» маршрутах, особливо поблизу великих міст. Навантаження на такі шлямбури в сезон може досягати 100 і більше чоловік в день протягом десятиліть. Що неодмінно веде до втоми металу і руйнування шлямбура.
 Скельний гак — смужка металу 10-20 см завдовжки і 2-3 см шириною, з вушком для карабіна. Крюк забивають у вузькі щілини (2-4 мм) молотком. Для більш широких щілин використовують швелерні гаки, що мають перетин швелера;
 Закладка — виготовляється з металу, зазвичай у формі трапецієвидної призми, іноді з порожнистим отвором всередині. Крізь призму протягнуто сталевий трос в формі петлі (для карабіна). Мають різні розміри для щілин від 0,5 до 5 см шириною;
 френд — відносно складний механічний пристрій, за функціональністю є поліпшеним аналогом закладки.

Найнадійнішими є шлямбури. Закладки, френди і гаки при інших рівних умовах менш надійні, ніж шлямбури. Надійність і застосовність кожного виду спорядження сильно залежить від конкретної ситуації і навичок того, хто їх встановлює. Зважаючи на це, багато хто вважає закладки і френди надійнішими, тому при організації бази хоча б одна з точок повинна бути зроблена за допомогою закладки або френда. Проте забитий професіоналом гак часто залишається в скелі на десятиліття і використовується багатьма поколіннями альпіністів, у той час як закладки «розбовтуються», а френди через їх дорожнечу залишають на скелях тільки в надзвичайних ситуаціях. Гаки краще встановлювати у вузьких щілинах з гладкими стінами, закладки — в звивистих щілинах, шлямбури — на гладких стінах і в ролі верхньої бази чи бази для ночівлі при багатоденних сходженнях. Крім цього існує багато інших, менш розповсюджених пристроїв, періодично виготовляються нові види спорядження.

При русі по скелях можна робити проміжні точки страховки (з якого-небудь одного елемента — френда, закладки, гака). Якщо гострої необхідності в страховці немає, використовується страховка «за камені» — мотузка закладається за виступаючі камені «змійкою», тобто так, щоб при зриві вона зачепилася за виступ. Чим більше вигинів буде у мотузки, тим простіше буде утримати людину, що зірвалася при такому способі страховки. Необхідно також стежити, щоб мотузка не зачіпляла «живі» камені — камені, які легко зрушуються з місця, якщо прикласти до них навантаження.

Страховка на снігу
Для організації бази можна використовувати:
 Вбитий в сніг льодоруб;
 Сніговий парус (сніговий якір) — широкий лист металу з тросом для кріплення карабіна.
 Сніговий гак ( фірновий крюк) — <! - Вузький і витягнутий шматок металлу, що за формою нагадує льодоруб. -> За формою це нагадує айс-фіфі (льодовий якір), фірновий гак дійсно є варіантом льодобурного гака.
 фірновий гак  — варіант льодобурного гака, нарізка коротка і потовщена, довший від звичайного льодобура.
 Сніговий парашут — являє собою рівносторонній трикутник з щільного капрону, по периметру обшитий тонкої стропою. Довжина сторони трикутника становить 50 см. На кожному розі стропа утворює петлю для кріплення видаткової мотузки. Трикутник вкопується в сніг кутом вниз. Такий парашут важить менше 90 г.
Найбільш часто використовують льодоруби. Для цього льодоруб необхідно вбити в сніг вертикально вниз, як можна глибше. Рекомендується також попередньо утрамбувати для цього майданчик. Вбитий в сніг льодоруб витримує малий ривок (близько 100 кг), для посилення точки страховки на нього зазвичай стають ногами і утримують власною вагою. Також для збільшості надійності при організації точки страховки на сніжних схилах використовується так званий «льодорубний хрест»: коли нижче встромленого в схил льодоруба і впритул до нього горизонтально вбивається другий льодоруб (утворюючи форму хреста), і страхувальна мотузка проходить поверх нього (така ж установка використовується для організації скидання мотузки після спуску останнього учасника). При русі по снігу проміжні точки страховки не використовуються.

Страховка на льоду

Для організації бази можна використовувати:
 Льодобур — порожнистий металевий стрижень з нарізкою і вушком для карабіна. Угвинчується в льодовий схил під прямим кутом на глибину до 20 см;
 Проушина — в кризі вирубують дві ямки 20 см завглибшки на відстані 20-25 см одна від одної. За допомогою льодобурів з'єднують ямки одна з одною, в отвір пропускають мотузку;
 льодовий гриб — вирубують з льоду гриб з діаметром «ніжки» не менше 30 см, за яку заводять мотузку. Дуже трудомісткий спосіб.
 Абалаківська петля — в кризі висвердлюється за допомогою льодобура два канали під кутом один до одного, через які протягується репшнур. На репшнур навішується карабін, в який закладається страхувальна мотузка.

При русі по кризі встановлюють проміжні точки страховки за допомогою льодобурів.

Для самостраховки на льоду можна використовувати льодові інструменти (наприклад, спеціальний гак-якір, використовуваний для подолання крутих льодових схилів та ін.)

Страховка на осипах
Страховка на осипах неможлива через відсутність масивних нерухомих предметів. Для забезпечення безпеки необхідно дотримуватися ряду правил:
 Стояти так, щоб камінь, який вилетів з-під ніг, не міг влучити ні в кого з інших учасників;
 По можливості триматися ближче до скель;
 Йти у зв'язках.

Особисте спорядження
У кожного учасника сходження повинна бути страхувальна система («обв'язка» або «альтанка»), до якої прив'язують мотузку, і два «вуса» самостраховки (прив'язані до страхувальної системи шматки мотузки діаметром 9-11 мм, 0,5 м і 1,5 м завдовжки з петлею на кінці) для пристібання до бази або поручнів.

В особисте спорядження входять також різні пристосування для здійснення страховки і самостраховки: вісімка та грі-грі служать для збільшення сили тертя, завдяки чому одна людина легко може утримати учасника, що зірвався, жумар — для руху по перилах і багато інших.

Способи страховки

Перила
Перилами називають мотузку, кінці якої закріплені на двох базах. Можливе використання кількох проміжних точок страховки. Перила використовують в альпінізмі для руху по складних ділянках спільно з іншими способами страховки, і для руху по відносно легких ділянках (на яких, тим не менш, можливий зрив з летальним результатом або тяжкою травмою учасника) без страховки.

Верхня страховка
При верхній страховці може використовуватися як статична, так і динамічна мотузка.

Точки страховки знаходяться вище учасника. Мотузка проходить через ці точки і спускається до учасника. У процесі лазіння він рухається вгору або вниз, а людина, що здійснює страховку, витягує («вибирає») зайву мотузку або «видає» її.

Таким чином, у разі зриву, учасник повисає на мотузці трохи нижче того місця, до якого він зміг піднятися або спуститися. Навантаження при ривку і ризик отримати травму є при цьому мінімальними.

У змаганнях зі скелелазіння верхня страховка використовується в лазінні на швидкість і в деяких випадках в лазінні на трудність (для наймолодших вікових груп).

Нижня страховка
Точки страховки розташовані уздовж всього маршруту, або їх необхідно встановити у відповідних місцях. Один з кінців мотузки прив'язаний до учасника, а той, хто страхує, тримає в руках частину мотузки в декількох метрах від нього. В процесі лазіння учасник просмикує мотузку в карабіні на тій точці, до якої піднімається або виймає мотузку при спуску. Той, хто страхує, в при цьому поступово «видає» або «вибирає» мотузку. Таким чином, у разі зриву учасник повисає недалеко від тієї точки страховки, до якої він зміг піднятися або спуститися. Найнебезпечнішою є ситуація, коли спортсмен зривається при спробі «проклацнути» мотузку в чергову точку страховки або відразу після проклацування. В цей момент остання точка страховки знаходиться набагато нижче, і висота падіння може становити до 10 (а іноді й 20-40 при рідкому закладенні елементів) метрів. Цей спосіб є небезпечним і вимагає великої майстерності від того, хто страхує.

При нижній страховці слід використовувати тільки динамічну мотузку, так як ривок, який припадає на того, хто лізе, може бути дуже різким. Можна також використовувати амортизатори ривка.

У змаганнях зі скелелазіння нижня страховка використовується в лазінні на трудність (за деяким винятком для наймолодших вікових груп).

Гімнастична страховка
Іноді використовується так звана гімнастична страховка — найпростіший спосіб страховки, при якому того, хто лізе, руками і власним тілом страхує напарник, що стоїть під ним. Використовується на малих висотах (не вище 4-5 метрів) при проходженні особливо складних маршрутів (болдерінг). Також можна використовувати крешпади — спеціальні мати для болдерінга, що пом'якшують удар об землю.

Таким чином, даний вид страховки є потенційно небезпечним, проте, за наявності гарних креш педів, небезпека зводиться до мінімуму.

У змаганнях зі скелелазіння гімнастична страховка використовується в боулдеринзі. Страховик повинен бути уважним і при зриві спортсмена забезпечити плавне приземлення, якщо можливо, на ноги.

Спорядження для страховки
Для верхньої і нижньої страховки необхідні:
 страхувальна система («обв'язка»);
 вісімка або грі-грі;
 Альпіністська мотузка.
Для гімнастичної страховки часто використовуються спеціальні мати — креш педи.

Вимоги до спорядження
Вимоги до міцності спорядження встановлюються стандартами UIAA. Спорядження, на яке припадає навантаження при зриві спортсмена, повинне витримувати вантаж масою 2300 кг. Вага такого вантажу приблизно вдвічі перевершує навантаження, яке може витримати скелет людини.

Див. також
 Страхувальна система (обв'язка)
 Зв'язка (альпінізм)
 Рівняння кабестана
 Фактор ривка

Примітки

Джерела
 Альпінізм. Частина 2. Небезпеки в горах і запобіжні заходи. Під загальною редакцією І. І. Антоновича
 Спутник туриста. Москва: Физкультура и спорт. 1970, 336 с.

Посилання
 Альпінізм. Частина 2. Небезпеки в горах і запобіжні заходи. Під загальною редакцією І. І. Антоновича

Альпінізм
Спелеологія
Скелелазіння
Гірський туризм


text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe ::Gitlab::LetsEncrypt::Client do
  include LetsEncryptHelpers

  let(:client) { described_class.new }

  before do
    stub_application_setting(
      lets_encrypt_notification_email: 'myemail@test.example.com',
      lets_encrypt_terms_of_service_accepted: true
    )
  end

  let!(:stub_client) { stub_lets_encrypt_client }

  shared_examples 'ensures account registration' do
    it 'ensures account registration' do
      subject

      expect(stub_client).to have_received(:new_account).with(
        contact: 'mailto:myemail@test.example.com',
        terms_of_service_agreed: true
      )
    end

    it 'generates and stores private key and initialize acme client with it' do
      expect(Gitlab::CurrentSettings.lets_encrypt_private_key).to eq(nil)

      subject

      saved_private_key = Gitlab::CurrentSettings.lets_encrypt_private_key

      expect(saved_private_key).to be
      expect(Acme::Client).to have_received(:new).with(
        hash_including(private_key: eq_pem(saved_private_key))
      )
    end

    context 'when private key is saved in settings' do
      let!(:saved_private_key) do
        key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(4096).to_pem
        Gitlab::CurrentSettings.current_application_settings.update(lets_encrypt_private_key: key)
        key
      end

      it 'uses current value of private key' do
        subject

        expect(Acme::Client).to have_received(:new).with(
          hash_including(private_key: eq_pem(saved_private_key))
        )
        expect(Gitlab::CurrentSettings.lets_encrypt_private_key).to eq(saved_private_key)
      end
    end

    context 'when acme integration is disabled' do
      before do
        stub_application_setting(lets_encrypt_terms_of_service_accepted: false)
      end

      it 'raises error' do
        expect do
          subject
        end.to raise_error('Acme integration is disabled')
      end
    end
  end

  describe '#new_order' do
    subject(:new_order) { client.new_order('example.com') }

    before do
      order_double = instance_double('Acme::Order')
      allow(stub_client).to receive(:new_order).and_return(order_double)
    end

    include_examples 'ensures account registration'

    it 'returns order' do
      is_expected.to be_a(::Gitlab::LetsEncrypt::Order)
    end
  end

  describe '#load_order' do
    let(:url) { 'https://example.com/order' }
    subject { client.load_order(url) }

    before do
      acme_order = instance_double('Acme::Client::Resources::Order')
      allow(stub_client).to receive(:order).with(url: url).and_return(acme_order)
    end

    include_examples 'ensures account registration'

    it 'loads order' do
      is_expected.to be_a(::Gitlab::LetsEncrypt::Order)
    end
  end

  describe '#load_challenge' do
    let(:url) { 'https://example.com/challenge' }
    subject { client.load_challenge(url) }

    before do
      acme_challenge = instance_double('Acme::Client::Resources::Challenge')
      allow(stub_client).to receive(:challenge).with(url: url).and_return(acme_challenge)
    end

    include_examples 'ensures account registration'

    it 'loads challenge' do
      is_expected.to be_a(::Gitlab::LetsEncrypt::Challenge)
    end
  end

  describe '#terms_of_service_url' do
    subject { client.terms_of_service_url }

    it 'returns valid url' do
      is_expected.to eq("https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf")
    end
  end
end