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The Limits of State Religion and Non-Muslim Minorities: The Moroccan 'Baha'i Affair' of 1962
Posted on August 22, 2016 December 22, 2016 by shariasourceblog
Amidst the tensions raised by Islamic constitutional states as they deal with non-Muslim minorities, worth considering is how Muslim-majority states have resolved the issue in the past. Morocco editor Ari Schriber considers the political ramifications of Islamic laws governing religious minorities in an episode that faced Morocco as it gained independence: Morocco's 1962 Baha'i Affair. Morocco's then-recent independence heralded a progressive government set on both protecting non-Muslims and affording Islam priority as a state religion. Schriber uses the Baha'i Affair to exemplify the tension between these two governmental aspirations, and to discuss how this tension resonated with legal and communal structures in its aftermath.
In 1962, a Moroccan criminal court convicted fourteen Baha'is accused of attacking religious convictions and attacking public order (among other charges).[1] Most literature about the so-called "Baha'i Affair" focuses on the internal political tensions and international outcry that developed around it.[2] This post builds on these analyses but switches the focus to the role of religious norms in Moroccan law. The Baha'i Affair demonstrates an important ambiguity in a legal system that simultaneously guarantees religious freedoms for non-Muslims and enshrines Islam as religion of the state. Using ambiguous religious language had worked to the state's symbolic advantage when codifying family law based on sharīʿa.[3] For the present case, however, I argue that the negative political ramifications of prosecuting the Baha'is led the state to limit the scope of Islamic discourse in Moroccan law.
Ambiguities of Islam in the 1962 Constitution and the 1962 Penal Code
In November 1962, the Moroccan government promulgated a new national Penal Code. The Penal Code came in a wave of legislation during the first decade of Moroccan independence that sought to reassert Moroccan legal identity. The government had promulgated the 1957 Personal Status Code (Mudawwana) as sharīʿa -based, and Article 6 of the 1962 Constitution declared that "Islam is the religion of the state, which guarantees to all free practice of religion."[4] For its part, the Penal Code did not explicitly address the status of Islam (or sharīʿa) in the state. Nevertheless, Section II of the Penal Code contains four articles under the heading of "Crimes Pertaining to the Practice of Religion (ʿibādāt)."[5]
The articles addressed in Section II concern the protection of religion and specifically Islam in the Moroccan public sphere. Most relevant to the current case, Article 220 stipulates jail or a fine for "[Whomever], by violence or threats, limits or prevents one or several people from practicing religion, or attending the practice of religion."[6] It calls for the same penalty for "whomever uses means of instigation to shake the faith of a Muslim [Ar. zaʿzaʿat ʿaqīdat muslim; Fr. ébranler la foi d'un musulman] or to convert him to another religion."[7] Article 220 thus echoes the ambiguous and potentially contradictory status of Islam found in Article 6 of the Constitution: both outwardly guarantee free practice of religion while clearly privileging the status of Islam in the state.[8]
The government did not promulgate the Penal Code until after the Baha'is' conviction in the court of first instance. Nonetheless, this statutory ambiguity existed in the adjudication of the Nador case and had direct impact on its later appeal to the Moroccan Supreme Court.
The Nador Case of 1962
On April 10, 1962, Moroccan police in Nador arrested five men suspected of proselytizing Baha'i beliefs. Authorities arrested nine more men in June and July of that year, subjecting all fourteen to interrogation about the nature of their Baha'i faith and their religious activity in Morocco.[9] The police held the men without charge until late October, when they referred the case to the Chamber of Indictment in the Tangier Court of Appeals.[10]
ʿAllal al-Fasi, Minister of Islamic Affairs and erstwhile nationalist hero, led the national charge against the Baha'i defendants. Al-Fasi's Istiqlal Party[11] had disseminated anti-Baha'i rhetoric in the year leading up to the arrests portraying Baha'is in Morocco as a threat to Islam.[12] Following the arrests in Nador, al-Fasi personally intervened by sending a letter to the Prosecutor General of the Tangier Court of Appeals. Al-Fasi exhorted the Court to charge the group with threatening the security of the state and forming criminal associations. He further claimed that the group harmed public order and prevented citizens from practicing their religion.[13] With his own political standing on the line, al-Fasi hoped to ride Islamic nationalist sentiment to maintain popular relevancy.[14]
The Court proceeded to indict the fourteen men on six charges taken almost directly from al-Fasi's recommendation: rebellion, disorder, attack on religious convictions, constituting a criminal organization, attack on religious conviction, and constituting an illegal association.[15] The Court claimed that these acts violated Article 120 of the Penal Code then in force,[16] and further cited Morocco's status as an "Islamic kingdom" in which "Islam is the religion of the state" as bases for the charges.[17]
The text of the indictment focuses more on the differences between Baha'ism and Islam than the actions of the accused themselves. The indictment specifies that Baha'is have a different number of daily prayers, conceive of God in human form, and deny that Muhammad is the last messenger.[18] The document then claims that those embracing these beliefs "provoke[ed] panic among the believers and Muslim citizens, and arous[ed] fear in them and fear regarding their spiritual life and that of their children."[19] It also notably states that the accused intended to "undermine the state and replace it with a state conceived on a world level," thus constituting an attack on public order.[20]
The Criminal Court of Nador thereafter pursued these charges pursuant to what al-Fasi had recommended.[21] During the course of the trial, the defense requested that al-Fasi testify, which the judges refused. The defense thereafter perceived the court as so intent to convict that they resigned in protest.[22] On December 10, 1962, the Court convicted nine of the fourteen men of the charges. The Court sentenced three of the accused to death, five to life in prison, and one to fifteen years in prison.[23]
Outcry and Supreme Court Annulment
The verdict and death sentences sparked an outcry of international and domestic condemnation. International organizations decried the verdict as "religious persecution"[24] and frequently characterized the proceedings as a religious "inquisition."[25] Within Morocco, the appearance and substance of the ruling gave rise to sharp debate between al-Fasi's partisans and their liberal opponents. The former continued to emphasize that Baha'ism's divergence from Islam constituted a de facto threat to the security of Muslims; the latter questioned the status of religious freedom and pointed to the tolerance guaranteed in the Constitution and the UN Declaration of Human Rights.[26] The controversy had immediate effect on Moroccan politics, particularly for those who committed themselves to this effort in the name of protecting Islam. In the face of growing domestic criticism, ʿAllal al-Fasi and two others from his Istiqlal Party resigned from the government three weeks after the verdict.[27]
The defendants' counsel appealed the matter to the Moroccan Supreme Court on the basis that the Nador ruling violated the newly-promulgated 1962 Moroccan Constitution. In particular, they pointed to the Constitution's guarantee of "free exercise of religion" (Article 6) as the basis of their claim.[28] Perhaps more importantly, the new Moroccan Penal Code—which did not broadly criminalize "attack on religion"—took effect five months prior to the Supreme Court hearing (July 1963).[29] By this time, King Hassan II had also pronounced his objection to the condemnations (despite originally supporting the trials[30]), assuring concerned international audiences that the Baha'is would not face death.[31]
Indeed, on December 12, 1963, the Criminal Chamber of the Moroccan Supreme Court issued a decision overturning the sentences of all men convicted. The Court cited the fact that the accusations against the Baha'i men were not criminalized under the Penal Code. In particular, the Court ruled that no law in the Code criminalized the embrace of another religion—even if that religion "constitutes a danger for Islam."[32]
Aftermath: The Limits of State Religion
The Baha'i Affair raises a more fundamental—though perhaps less outwardly controversial—question related to religion in law. The official language of Section II of the Penal Code does not specify its statutes as sharīʿa per se. However, they clearly relate to religious norms that are both distinctly Islamic and public—for example, breaking the Ramadan fast in public is illegal (Article 222). The result is the state's criminalization of an action that distinctly derives from Islamic religious obligations. Arguably, this is the case for criminalizing the disturbance of Muslim faith as well (Article 220). In this way, the state showed a willingness to reinforce legally its Islamic character in ways outside of its formal codification of sharīʿa. However, as the process of promulgating and enforcing 1957 Mudawwana shows,[33] instituting the religious norms in state code does not occur in a political vacuum. Ultimately, the state determines the degree to which ostensibly religious norms are implemented for a given case.
The Baha'i Affair demonstrates a pitfall of embracing an ambiguous Islamic legal identity in the young independent state. It particularly showcases the conflict created when religious freedom laws coexist with laws supporting the legal primacy of Islam. If al-Fasi and his party had succeeded, the case would have stood as a paradigm of Islamic legal privilege in the Moroccan legal system. This would have exhibited substantial weight to the legal language that privileges the standing of Islam. However, the political pressures of the case essentially predetermined the Supreme Court's decision to overturn the original ruling.[34] In doing so, the Court—at the behest of the King—rearticulated the bounds of the ambiguous religious legal discourse in Morocco. Without clear statutory directive on the nature of religious freedom, the Supreme Court only pronounced such limits after a year-long international controversy.
[1] The other charges included rebellion, constituting a criminal organization, and constituting an illegal association. L'Affaire des bahaïstes, 36 Confluent 975 (1963).
[2] For instance: John Waterbury, Commander of the Faithful 292-293 (1970); F. Kazemzadeh, Morocco's Little Inquisition, 46 The New Leader (1963).
[3] See author's post, Codifying Polygamy in the 1957 Moroccan Mudawwana.
[4] [1962 Moroccan Constitution] 2616-bis al-Jarīda al-Rasmiyya 2994 (19 December 1962). The Constitution's preamble also refers to Morocco as an "Islamic state" (dawla islāmiyya), and Article 19 confers the king with the status of "Commander of the Faithful" (amīr al-muʾminīn).
[5] [1962 Moroccan Penal Code] 2640-bis al-Jarīda al-Rasmiyya 1272 (5 July 1965).
[6] Id.
[8] The language of the other articles reinforces the ambiguity of what constitutes religious practice in the Penal Code. Article 221 criminalizes the deliberate hindrance of religious practice and Article 223 then prohibits the destruction or defacement of religious objects. Article 222 prohibits Muslims from publically breaking the Ramadan fast, though this is rather direct.
[9] Freedom of Religion on Trial in Morocco: The Nador Case 31 (1962).
[10] Kazemzadeh, supra at 11.
[11] The Istiqlal Party was the original Moroccan nationalist party founded in 1944 during the Protectorate Era. Upon al-Fasi's return from exile in 1956, he took the helm of the party, yet it soon suffered from internal discords resulting in a split in 1959. By 1962, the party was fighting for its relevance among the Moroccan populace and within the palace. See: Waterbury, supra at 169-213
[13] ʿAllal al-Fasi quoted in Letter to the Prosecutor General of the Court of Appeals of Tangier in Freedom of Religion on Trial in Morocco: The Nador Case 31 (1962).
[14] "To have discovered and eliminated a plot against the official religion and the State would have given the Istiqlal a tremendous advantage on the eve of the first election under the new Constitution." Kazemzadeh, supra at 11.
[15] L'Affaire des bahaïstes, supra at 975.
[16] Article 120 of the 1953 Penal Code states that "the attack [Ar. iʿtidāʾ ; Fr. attentat] whose goal is to rid of or replace the government, be it by inciting citizens to revolt or sedition [Ar. fiṭna]… is punished by life in prison." [Dahir of October 24, 1953 Creating the Moroccan Penal Code] 2142-bis Bulletin Officiel 1683 (November 19, 1953).
[17] Id.
[18] Id. at 974.
[23] Louis Gravier, Les "baha'i" étaient notamment accusés d'"atteinte à la foi religieuse," Le Monde, Dec. 18 1962.
[24] Freedom of Religion, supra at 13.
[25] Kazemzadeh, supra at 11; Gravier, supra.
[26] L'affaire, supra at 976-977
[27] John Waterbury posits the possibility that King Hassan II framed al-Fasi for failure. In doing so, the king would have facilitated al-Fasi's embarrassment for supporting this endeavor, thereby leading to his resignation from the government. Waterbury's broader work demonstrates that preventing any single party from gaining too much power was a hallmark of royal politics during this period. Waterbury, supra at 293.
[28] Appeals for Bahai, The New York Times, Jan. 15, 1963.
[29] "The characteristics of the new Moroccan Penal Code could favor clemency of power in the affair of the Baha'is." Louis Gravier,Les dispositions du nouveau code pénal marocain peuvent favoriser la clémence du pouvoir dans l'affaire des Baha'is, Le Monde, Jul. 7, 1963.
[30] "After the [Nador] trial had begun, King Hassan, in a press conference, described Bahaism as 'a true heresy' and therefore unacceptable in Morocco." Waterbury, supra at 292.
[31] "I personally do not agree with the condemnation to death of the Baha'is in Morocco. If the judgment of appeal confirms the first sentence, I can say that I would use my right of pardon" King Hassan II quoted in: Hassan II fait prévoir la grace des 'Baha'is,' Le Monde, Apr. 4, 1963.
[32] Louis Gravier, La Cour suprême de Rabat a cassé sans renvoi le jugement condamnant les Baha'is, Le Monde, Dec. 13, 1963.
[33] See author's post, Codifying Polygamy in the 1957 Moroccan Mudawwana.
[34] The King expressed his desire to pardon the convicted, and the Public Prosecutor also called for the annulment of the charge before the Supreme Court. Id.
Posted in cases, Courts, Criminal law, Family law, Foreign government, Islamic constitutionalism, Islamic criminal law, Islamic legal history, Legal history, Morocco, non-Muslim minorities, women and genderTagged Mudawwana (Moroccan Personal Status Code), Supreme Court of Morocco
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iHealth's existing consumer pulse oximeter.
iHealth Labs, a subsidiary of China-based medical device company Andon Health, has received FDA clearance for a wireless fingertip pulse oximeter, which will be a distinct offering from the consumer pulse oximeter the company announced at CES last year and currently sells on its website.
"Basically we're coming out with an FDA-[cleared] version," iHealth Labs president Adam Lin told MobiHealthNews. "Our first one we're selling at the Apple store, at Best Buy, marketed as more of a fitness device."
Pulse oximetry can be used by climbers, pilots, and even runners to check their level of blood oxygenation. Companies that market their devices for sports and fitness exclusively, such as Masimo, have historically opted out of FDA 510(k) clearance. iHealth's current offering is sold for $69.95 on the company's website. It measures the user's blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate and displays readings both on the device's LED screen and on a connected iOS app, the iHealth SpO2 app. It connects to the app via Bluetooth.
Lin said the new device will be marketed for medical use cases, such as home health monitoring. It will have "one or two new features" but with a very similar look, he said. The company plans to launch the device some time in 2014. Though the device will cater to a more medical use case, particularly heart health, it will be available over the counter, not just by prescription.
iHealth Labs launched an activity tracker in May, the latest product in a suite that includes several connected blood pressure monitors and smart weight scales. The company has also announced a connected glucometer, though it is not yet available for purchase, at least not via iHealth's website.
Nonin also scored FDA 510(k) clearance for a pulse oximeter, the Nonin 3230 Bluetooth Smart-enabled device announced at ATA in May. Nonin makes the Onyx mobile pulse oximeter, which is used in a number of home health services including Robert Bosch Healthcare, GE Intel Care Innovations, and Qualcomm Life. Bluetooth Smart will allow the device to pair more quickly and easily with connected hubs and apps, have a longer battery life, and be offered at a lower cost, Nonin spokespeople told MobiHealthNews in May.


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Professor traces stability of Italian mafias to leadership structure
BY ZAIN MEHDI
The organizational structure of Italian mafias impacts each syndicate's stability and use of violence, according to Prof. Maurizio Catino, sociology of organization, University of Milan Bicocca.
Understanding how these mafias are structured is a difficult task because communicating with the mafia groups is illegal and dangerous; only high-ranking members truly know their hierarchical operation, Catino said. Despite these complications, the lecturer said has invested years in understanding the three largest mafia groups in Italy — Cosa Nostra, Camorra and 'Ndràngheta.
In Italy, most mafias are led by a small group of "made members," followed by various associates and collaborators. The mafias also play an important role in controlling markets, and specialize in one specific product — protection, according to Catino.
"The mafia is known to be involved in the underworld crime world, but it is also heavily involved in the upperworld through the construction industry, restaurants, real estate [and] waste management," Catino said.
The Cosa Nostra and 'Ndràngheta syndicates are more complex and hierarchical than Camorra because the crime boss plays a key role in coordinating the criminal system and supporting business deals, Catino said. He called this structure 'vertically organized,' while Camorra is 'horizontally organized,' because it is controlled by competing families rather than a single leader.
Catino said he has also discovered a correlation between organizational structure and use of violence in murders that are both ordinary and high profile.
"The more vertical organization, the fewer ordinary murders because there is greater hegemonic control that the crime boss has on its members," he said.
Supporting this theory, statistics indicate that the Cosa Nostra and 'Ndràngheta's ordinary murders peaked only during mafia wars, while Camorra's are less predictable, according to Catino.
Camorra's leadership conflicts also result in violence by creating power vacuums that lead to instability, Catino said. He added that the leaders of vertically organized mafia live longer because crime bosses carry more authority that prevents mutiny.
"Vertical organized mafia have grey hair, but horizontal mafia have black hair," he said.
Read the full article at The Cornell Daily Sun.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


FAI Umbro Youth Cup quarter-final: College Corinthians 2 Villa FC 3.
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Q: Python itertools.product with arbitrary number of sets I wish to execute the following code:
temp = []
temp.append([1,2])
temp.append([3,4])
temp.append([5,6])

print list(itertools.product(temp[0],temp[1],temp[2]))

However, I would like to execute it for temp with arbitrary length. I.e. something more like:
print list(itertools.product(temp))

How do I format the input correctly for itertools.product to produce the same result in the first segment of code without explicitly knowing how many entries there are in temp?

A: print list(itertools.product(*temp))

Use * to unpack the argument iterable as separate positional arguments.

A: Or can do that:
Combine lists using zip.
The result is a list itertator.
a = ["A", "a"]
b = ["B", "b"]
c = ["C", "c"]

number_iterator = zip(a,b,c)
numbers = list(number_iterator)

print (numbers)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Last week, we celebrated Evanna Lynch and Keo Motsepe's success in making it to Week 3 of Dancing with the Stars, and this week, Team Kevanna needs your votes more than ever!
After their samba last week, Team Kevanna performed a super hot jive that had all of the judges smiling. Take a look at last week's final performance!
While many MuggleNet fans are familiar with Evanna's pre-Potter story, Monday's episode quickly became extremely personal and explored how Harry Potter and J.K. Rowling helped her cope with an eating disorder. Entertainment Tonight teased the video package viewers saw on Monday night, showing a small part of Evanna's "Most Memorable Year" episode of Dancing with the Stars.
I believe [in] raising awareness on this issue, and it's very healing for me to talk about this stuff. I wanted to talk about how before Harry Potter, I was quite sick, and how the Harry Potter books really helped me through an eating disorder. And the reason I wanted to talk about it on here [is], it's really healing for me. That is the full story, that's the only honest way to tell it, and that's why it was so special, because it was the only light that I saw in the world at a very dark time.
Evanna and Keo danced a Viennese waltz to "Hedwig's Theme," which brought a few tears to my eyes. I think it's a wonderful nod to the fans who love the wizarding world and who have thrown their support behind Evanna for Dancing with the Stars.
The scoring for this performance was right where it needed to be, with unanimous 9's. Team Kevanna received their highest score yet, with 27 points out of 30 for their Viennese waltz!
Much different this week is the fact that there will not be a second performance on Tuesday because the American Music Awards will be shown during the normal Dancing with the Stars time slot. So the couple who was eliminated tonight was sent home based solely on last week's viewers' votes combined with tonight's scores from the panel of judges.
I'm really not happy with the way Dancing with the Stars has been messing with viewer votes so far this season. They seem to be incapable of keeping a voting formula on lock and advertised so that viewers know what is happening and can make sure they get all of their votes in for their favorite couples. Combine this with the frustration of last week's phone votes not being counted at all because of a glitch, and it's times like this that I wish I could channel my Inner Eye to see the future!
After their performance, Evanna urged followers to use their 11 votes this week.
Finally, the show concluded with one couple leaving, but due to their performances last week and the magical performance Monday night, Evanna and Keo are through to Week 4! I'm so very pleased with this because I see improvement in Evanna's dancing skills every week. Her extensions are longer, her movements are crisper, and her determination is stronger. I hesitate to put this prediction out there, but I feel like the top three that should make it to compete for the Mirrorball will be Evanna, Juan Pablo Di Pace, and Milo Manheim. All three of them are amazing performers and dancers, and all three bring so much emotion to each dance, no matter the genre.
Check out some photos from last week's performances, which you can see in our gallery below!
Don't forget to vote for Team Kevanna tonight! Voting is open until 4 a.m. Eastern, and you can vote online or by calling in to Evanna and Keo's dedicated number at 800-868-3405. Your votes will help Evanna and Keo in Week 4!
Review and Giveaway: "Harry Potter" Temporary Tattoos from Cinereplicas!


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Home » Computer » Samsung Galaxy Tab A deals for Father's Day
Samsung Galaxy Tab A deals for Father's Day
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Up to $85 off in a Samsung Galaxy Tab A deal on Amazon!
See below for some great Father's Day tablet deals on the Samsung Galaxy Tab A.
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The Samsung Galaxy Tab A is a smaller 8″ screen device (similar in size to the 8.7″ Galaxy Tab A7 Lite), and has a screen resolution of 1280 x 800. Storage sizes range between 16GB and 32GB and it's powered by a Exynos 7904 Quad-core CPU.
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Want the Dyson? Get it with 5x Points at Ulta


The new Law was introduced on the 1st January, 2015, giving individuals new rights of access to official information held by Public Authorities in Jersey. Read further here on the States of Jersey website for details on how the Law will work for the public and how you can make a request for information.
< Welcome to our new website!


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Cleaner Greener buses for passengers in Blackwood Newport and Cardiff
Over £4 million invested in 24 vehicles which will operate on Service 151; Blackwood to Newport and Service 26; Blackwood to Cardiff
Stagecoach are committed to achieving better air quality in Cardiff, Newport, Blackwood and Caerphilly with cleaner Euro VI engines featuring stop/start engine technology
Passengers will be able to enjoy a greater travel experience as Stagecoach in South Wales has announced gold buses will operate on 2 services from Blackwood to Newport and Cardiff.
The £4m fleet will hit the roads on Monday 13th May, 15 buses will operate on Service 151; Blackwood to Newport via Crosskeys, Risca, Rogerstone, Bassaleg Rd and 9 buses will operate on Service 26; Blackwood to Cardiff via Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr, Caerphilly, Whitchurch. The vehicles are all fitted with environmentally-friendly Euro VI engines with low carbon emissions, start/stop technology and the most up to date CCTV equipment.
They also feature the latest tracking technology, allowing customers to access the Stagecoach mobile app to track their bus live wherever they are. Customers will ride in comfort with high-backed e-leather seats, increased legroom, free Wi-Fi and can charge their phones with multiple on board USB charging points. Bilingual audio and visual next stop announcements provide passengers with additional information on their journey.
Services 151 and 26 join the 1/2/5/6/7 gold services in Cwmbran town centre which were introduced in 2018. Service 132 gold was launched in 2016 and operates from Maerdy to Cardiff. The first gold service, X24 was launched in 2015 and operates from Blaenavon to Newport via Pontypool and Cwmbran.
Nigel Winter, Managing Director of Stagecoach in South Wales commented: "Buses are critical to our region's economy and communities. They take people to work, bring customers to our high streets, help young people access education and bring families, friends and communities together.
As well as providing better travel for local people, with contactless and mobile payments on all services, these vehicles will improve local air quality and help reduce congestion in Newport by providing a high quality alternative to the car".
Cllr Sean Morgan, Deputy Leader and Cabinet Member for Economy, Infrastructure, Sustainability & Wellbeing of Future Generations said: "We warmly welcome this significant investment, which as well as providing enhanced public transport for our residents, commuters and visitors, will also help deliver real environmental benefits. We must commend our partners Stagecoach for their on-going commitment and investment to providing genuine alternatives to travelling by car in order to access employment and leisure opportunities".
Nigel Winter continued: "32% of Stagecoach buses that operate in Cardiff are Euro VI standard, which will increase to 47% in the summer when new buses are introduced on Services T4 and T14. By the New Year this will increase to 54% as new electric buses and Euro VI buses enter the fleet. We are keen to do even more and introduce further ultra-low emission buses in the Cardiff area but we need targeted funding support as well as the long term market stability delivered through partnership to bring together multi-million pound investment.
It's also important that there is proper strategic approach to tackling the air quality problem. With 41% of emissions from road transport coming from diesel cars and 30% from diesel vans compared with 6% for buses and coaches and bus policy maker action should be focused on the biggest polluter 'the car' and not the easiest target which is too often 'the bus'.
We continue to significantly invest in our fleet to improve the passenger experience. In the last 10 years we have invested over £30m in new buses with cleaner engines. Our Gold buses have been designed with our customers' needs in mind, we hope the touches of comfort will make a real difference to a more enjoyable as well as productive journey with free Wi-Fi and USB charging points".
To celebrate the official launch today, a gold liveried bus was on display at Blackwood Market Square for passers-by to view and try in advance of going into service. The 151 route operates up to every 10 minutes Monday to Saturday daytimes and hourly on Sunday and the 26 route operates up to every 30 minutes Monday to Saturday daytimes and hourly on Sunday.
The Stagecoach Gold buses are equipped with low floor access to make it easier for wheelchairs, pushchairs and customers with limited mobility to board. All vehicles can carry a wheelchair safely and drivers are trained and able to provide assistance if required.
In addition to the service enhancement, a new bus route is now available for passengers travelling between Caerphilly and the Royal Gwent Hospital in Newport. From 12th May Stagecoach has amended its existing bus route 50 as follows:
The section of route between Caerphilly and Newport will operate every 20 minutes on Monday to Saturday. Two buses per hour will continue to operate to/from Bargoed however one of these buses will operate as new route 50A.
Buses on route 50A will operate to/from Newport via Tredegar Park, Cardiff Road and the Royal Gwent Hospital rather than Gaer Park and The Handpost.
Buses on route 50 will continue to operate their current route via Gaer Park, The Handpost and St. Woolos.
The new route has been introduced in response to requests received by Caerphilly County Borough Council from residents.
Travel is cheap with our megarider Xtra tickets; easy online purchase with automatic monthly renewals (One month minimum sign up) and from £2.30* per day in the Cardiff Plus zone and from £3.96* in the Islwyn Zone, they are great value unlimited travel tickets issued to customers home address on a Smartcard.
2. For more information on the gold service please visit www.stagecoachbus.com or follow us on Facebook (Stagecoach Bus) or Twitter @StagecoachWales
About Stagecoach in South Wales:
Stagecoach in South Wales provides local bus services throughout South East Wales. It also operates the Megabus coach service between Cardiff and London.
The Gold timetables can be found on the dedicated gold page on the website
https://www.stagecoachbus.com/promos-and-offers/south-wales/service-151-and-26-gold
*price based on the Xtra ticket price divided by 52 weeks and based on 5 days of travel


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4.2 average based on 19 product ratings
NEW! Hunter's Specialties 6' Cable Lock with Key Lock 00607
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by coopwing May 24, 2017
I received it promptly and was as advertised. Inserting key in lock was a little finicky at first but got better.i also lubricared it as advised. I'm using it to secure gear to a motorcycle when it is parked. Appears to meet the need.
Verified purchase: Yes | Condition: new | Sold by: fanteller
by k_smitthh Jun 17, 2017
I use it for a motorcycle helmet lock on my bike. It recoils and it's durable. It shipped very fast. Very good quality and a great price. I recommend it
by kvasquez2013 Oct 25, 2017
My New Cable Lock
It's good for the purpose I bought it for, which was to be able to lock my bike.
Verified purchase: Yes | Condition: new | Sold by: thehoneyroasted...
by qbeeper1-6 Dec 14, 2017
I was so happy to see that it showed up at my front early. It's easy to lock up my bike and unlock it. What a great bike lock. Thank you for making me ride my bike knowing that it we be there when I get back.k
by redraddar Dec 14, 2017
Looks like it could be pulled apart manually. Don't feel secure using it to lock my prized bike.
Verified purchase: Yes | Condition: new | Sold by: manili


LNW Management, Inc. is a real estate company which encompasses a broad range of activities from condominium and luxury residential estate sales to landmark commercial property brokerage and leasing, and management of luxury residential estates to prime office buildings. We provide custom-tailored service to our "International Investors." LNW Management, Inc.'s clienteles include high profile overseas investors, especially from Japan and other Asian nations. Our staff is committed to the sincere service to the need of our clients.
LNW Management, Inc. evolved through a name change from "LNW Investments" with its subsidiary dba "LW Enterprise." Since 1984, we have had extensive successful experiences in the brokerage and management business in Hawaii of residential complexes, luxury homes, condominiums, warehouses, retail properties, and major office buildings including the former HonFed Tower, Pioneer Plaza and Waikiki Trade Center.


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May's social housing pledge 'not enough'
By Samantha Partington2017-10-05T05:03:00+01:00
Theresa May's plan to boost the country's supply of social housing with a £2bn cash injection has been met with mixed reactions from the industry.
Source: REX/Shutterstock/Harry Whitehead
During her speech to the Conservative Party Conference, blighted by a coughing fit and a stage invasion from a prankster waving a dummy P45, May said it was time the government got back into the business of building houses.
She said the additional £2bn would bring the government's total affordable housing fund to around £9bn, with councils and housing associations invited to bid for the money. However, the government's announcement of a £2bn fund that would deliver 25,000 homes for social rent over the next five years was described as falling well short of what is required.
Moda Living's managing director Johnny Caddick said the "modest sums promised" would "not move the dial" in terms of housebuilding volumes. He added that there was a critical need for the government to continue attracting private investment, without which very little housing would be delivered.
"It's crucial that councils are encouraged to embrace build-to-rent and realise the wider benefits of making cities attractive places to work and study," he said.
Want more reaction? Get more than 20 industry takes on the PM's speech here:
Theresa May's speech - property reacts
May's commitment to building "a new generation of council houses to fix the broken housing market" was welcomed by L&Q chief executive David Montague.
However, he added, while councils would "rise to the challenge", they would need time to scale up and the nation needed more housing now.
"Housing associations stand ready to work alongside them, building on our strong existing partnerships to ensure that spades are put in the ground as quickly as possible," he said.
Montague also welcomed May's commitment to allowing EU nationals to remain in the UK in light of the looming construction skills crisis.
"The PM offered a deal - she said the government will provide the land and the skills young people needed, but in return builders must provide the homes," he said. "That's a deal this country needs and one that we will be delighted to sign."
Too many unanswered questions in Theresa May speech
Theresa May's announcement on new money for social housing – and that she will take personal charge of re-igniting home ownership again in Britain - will be welcomed.
Theresa May's speech - property reacts
Prime minister Theresa May's speech at the Conservative Party Conference has drawn a largely positive response from the property sector after she pledged to invest in affordable and social housing.
May pledges more affordable and social housing
Theresa May has revealed an extra £2bn of government cash for local authorities across the UK to build more affordable housing.
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My art is a visual diary of an ordinary life. I like to work alone exploring the unknown by reacting to the things around me, listening to fragments of conversations, music, repeating that sharp angle that I glimpse out of the corner of my eye. I explore different ways to compose visual 'shorthand' of all that I see and feel.
I am attracted to nature, its earth colours, textures and organic shapes; but I am also drawn to architecture and many aspects of the mechanical manmade - straight lines, 2D and 3D geometric shapes. In much of my current work I am trying to reconcile these differences to a greater or lesser degree. I enjoy the whole art process, from primary research, working out initial ideas, to the ultimate physical involvement with the medium and surface itself. The marks I make mimic aspects of a quiet rural existence pitched against the backdrop of a fast modern techno-crazy world that impact on our everyday lives. Each work is a pocket-history of a moment in time, my thoughts, actions and re-actions to mood, sound and vision.
After taking early retirement in 2005 I had the opportunity to fulfil a lifelong ambition to study art. I studied Art and Design full-time at Newport College and gained a BTEC National Diploma in Art and Design in 2007. I went on to study Fine Art part-time at Northbrook College Sussex and in 2012 achieved a BA (Hons) in Fine Art.


Find out why metal-free implants could be the best way to replace your missing tooth or teeth.
If you are dealing with one or more missing permanent teeth then it may make it difficult to get through day-to-day tasks that you normally used to love such as talking with friends or eating your favorite foods; however, these issues certainly aren't something you should have to deal with. Perhaps this is when you decided to do your research and get dental implants from our Orange, CA, periodontist Dr. Ramyar Elyassian.
Of course, if you do a little research into the topic of dental implants, most of the time you will find that implants are made of titanium. Sure, titanium boasts durability and it's a metal that is biocompatible (meaning that your body is less likely to reject it), but there are metal-free alternatives that are still just as strong and biocompatible but offer others benefits that metal implants can't.
Our Orange, CA, dental implant specialist is proud to introduce you to Zirconium implants. Zirconium is as stable and strong as titanium but instead of being silver it is completely white. As you can imagine, having a completely white implant is a great way to get a realistic tooth replacement that is more aesthetically pleasing.
Whether you are looking to replace one or all of your teeth, zirconium dental implants can easily give any adult dealing with tooth loss a full smile again. Dental implants are the perfect solution if you are in good health, have a strong jawbone and are dedicated to the implant process (treatment can take up to a year, depending on how many teeth you want to replace).
Plus, these metal-free implants can also be placed right after a tooth extraction, which means you don't have to wait several weeks or even months before starting your implant process. Using sedation and a local anesthesia, we will completely numb the area before placing the implant into the jawbone.
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Do you have questions about the metal-free implants we offer here in Orange, CA? If so, then it's time to call Dental Implant & Laser Surgical Specialists to schedule your consultation with us. Let's help you achieve that beautiful smile again.


I have been very inspired by the recent renovations you have featured on your blog, and would like to undertake a similar feat in my condo. I was especially interested in the striped accent wall in the boys' room. I wanted to do something similar in my ensuite bathroom but I was wondering when its best to use a vertical stripe vs. a horizontal stripe. My ensuite is very, very small. What would you recommend?
So nice to hear from you! Adding stripes to your bathroom is such a fun and bold way to make a statement. C prefers horizontal stripes because it's a lot more calming and pleasing to the eye. I love both vertical and horizontal stripes so it really depends on your preference. You can use either one, it doesn't matter how big your space is.
We hope these photos help! Do send us a photo of your bathroom when it's done!!


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Mindfulness Can Help Cancer Patients Manage Anxiety, Study Shows
More in Health News
The Aging Well Issue
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By Daniel Dowling
Daniel Dowling
Dan Dowling is a health and fitness writer and editor based in Albuquerque, NM. He's written for publications such as Livestrong, Fitbit, and Healthline Media.
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Anxiety is common in cancer patients and reduces their quality of life, but traditional treatments for anxiety aren't always comfortable or affordable for people with cancer.
A recent review of research shows that mindfulness-based interventions reduce anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients for up to 6 months after treatment.
More research is needed to see if mindfulness-based therapy could help children with cancer, or if the positive effects could last longer than 6 months.
According to a new review by researchers at the University of Manitoba, cancer patients might benefit from using mindfulness to manage anxiety.
Anxiety is common in people undergoing cancer treatment. As many as 19% of adults with cancer experience clinical levels of anxiety. The rate is even higher in children, with up to 27% experiencing anxiety.
The findings of the review conducted by the Canadian researchers, which were published in Original Investigation on August 7, revealed that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) reduced anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients for up to six months after treatment.
Although no children were included in the studies, the findings of the review provide a promising framework for future research on treating cancer-related anxiety.
Cancer-Related Anxiety
Anxiety can reduce a cancer patient's quality of life and can also reduce adherence to treatment. Traditional treatment for cancer-related anxiety includes medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, medications aren't a preferred option for many patients, and behavioral therapy can be expensive and have long waitlists.
Some healthcare providers are turning to complementary therapies, including mindfulness-based treatment, to provide cancer patients with more accessible and affordable ways to manage their anxiety.
Traditional anxiety treatments are not always a good fit for people with cancer and their loved ones. Mindfulness-based treatment might be a more accessible and affordable option.
How Mindfulness Works
Mindfulness is a technique that helps a person focus their attention on the present moment, allowing them to become aware of their feelings, thoughts, and sensations in a non-judgmental way.
Anxiety is often a projection of future worries or past emotions. Mindfulness helps a person reign in distressing, anxiety-causing emotions, and has also been shown to induce greater calmness, relaxation, and psychological stability.
Sapna Oberoi, MD
Mindfulness can be learned or practiced at home even with mobile apps or virtual programs at any time.
— Sapna Oberoi, MD
One advantage of mindfulness over traditional anxiety treatment is that it does not require an expert's input to work. "Mindfulness can be learned or practiced at home even with mobile apps or virtual programs at any time, with or without the help of trained personnel," Sapna Oberoi, MD, lead author of the University of Manitoba review paper, tells Verywell.
Mindfulness is often achieved through breath work and by repeating phrases called mantras that help center the mind.
Mindfulness and Cancer Anxiety
The University of Manitoba researchers analyzed 28 randomized clinical trials that involved 3053 adults with cancer. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) were the preferred forms of MBIs in the trials.
The results of the review showed that mindfulness reduced anxiety and depression and improved the health-related quality of life in cancer patients. However, these results were only observed in the short-term and medium-term (up to six months); no benefits were observed in the long-term.
Oberoi says that doesn't mean that MBIs aren't effective.
"We don't have enough patients to say that it doesn't work long-term," Oberoi says. He adds that the participants might forget the skills they learned over time if they are not reinforced. "As it is a skill-based intervention, booster sessions might be necessary to maintain the mindfulness techniques learned."
More studies are needed to determine how helpful mindfulness could be in different populations (such as children) as well as its effectiveness over longer periods.
Meditation as Alternative Therapy for Cancer
Can Mindfulness Benefit Loved Ones?
Fear and anxiety associated with cancer aren't limited to patients—close friends and family members often share these feelings. While not intentional, the emotions of those around them can negatively affect a person who has been diagnosed with cancer.
Kathrin Milbury, PhD
There is definitely a reason to believe that mindfulness may be an effective self-care strategy for family caregivers.
According to Kathrin Milbury, PhD, associate professor of Behavioral Science at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, mindfulness can also help a cancer patient's loved ones with coping.
"Although there are significantly fewer studies focusing on family members, there is definitely a reason to believe that mindfulness may be an effective self-care strategy for family caregivers," Milbury tells Verywell.
Other Ways to Reduce Anxiety
In addition to major anxiety treatment, there are also plenty of activities people can pursue in their daily life to reduce anxiety and depression. Milbury suggests regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, running, and biking for about 150 minutes per week.
Some people also find journaling helpful. Expressive writing has been shown to be especially helpful for cancer patients with anxiety.
Milbury also emphasizes the importance of having a support system. "Patients with a strong social network and those who use faith-based coping also tend to do better," she says.
Coping and Living With Cancer
Oberoi S, Yang J, Woodgate RL, Niraula S, Banerji S, Israels S. Association of mindfulness-based interventions with anxiety severity in adults with cancer. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2012598. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12598
Linden W, Vodermaier A, MacKenzie R, Greig D. Anxiety and depression after cancer diagnosis: Prevalence rates by cancer type, gender, and age. J Affect Disord. 2012;141(2-3):343-351. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.025
Buchanan N, Maloney K, Tsang S, Stork LC, Neglia JP, Kadan-Lottick NS. Risk of depression, anxiety, and somatization one month after diagnosis in children with standard risk ALL on COG AALL0331. J Clin Oncol. 2008 26:15_suppl, 10052-10052. doi:0.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10052
Theofilou P, Panagiotaki H. A literature review to investigate the link between psychosocial characteristics and treatment adherence in cancer patients. Oncol Rev. 2012;6(1):e5. doi:10.4081/oncol.2012.e5
Andersen BL, DeRubeis RJ, Berman BS, Gruman J, Champion V, Massie M. Screening, assessment, and care of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline adaptation. JCO. 2014;32(15):1605-1619. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4611
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Alfalfa hay and corn stover are different type of forages which can significantly impact a cow's lactation performance, but the underlying metabolic mechanism has been poorly studied. We used biomarker and pathway analyses to characterize related biomarkers and pathways based on urine metabolomics data from different forage treatments. Urine was collected from 16 multiparous Holstein dairy cows fed alfalfa hay (AH, high-quality forage, n = 8) and corn stover (CS, low-quality forage, n = 8) respectively. Gas chromatography–time of flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was performed to identify metabolites in urine and the metaboanalyst online platform was used to do biomarker and pathway analysis.
Hippuric acid (HUA) and N-methyl-glutamic (NML-Glu) indicated the most significant difference between the two diets, when statistically validated by biomarker analysis. HUA was also validated by standard compound quantitative method and showed significant higher concentration in CS group than AH group (2.8282 vs. 0.0005 mg/mL; P < 0.01). The significant negative correlation between milk yield and HUA (R2 = 0.459; P < 0.01) and significant positive correlation between milk yield and NML-Glu (R2 = 0.652; P < 0.01) were characterized. The pathway analysis revealed that these different metabolites were involved in 17 pathways including 7 influential pathways (pathway impact value > 0): Tyr metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, galactose metabolism, Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis, purine metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Based on the metabolome view map, the Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis pathway exhibited the highest impact value (0.50), and the Holm-Bonferroni multiple testing-based analysis revealed the most significant difference in the Tyr metabolism pathway (Holm P = 0.048).
The identified HUA and NML-Glu may serve as potential biomarkers for discriminating CS and AH diets and could be used as candidates for milk yield related mechanistic investigations. Integrated network pathways associated with related metabolites provide a helpful perspective for discovering the effectiveness of forage quality in lactation performance and provides novel insights into developing strategies for better utilization of CS and other low-quality forage in China.
Forage quality greatly affects dairy cow performance [1, 2]. Using traditional nutritional methods, it is difficult to discern metabolic alterations and characterize alterations in key metabolic pathways when dairy cows are fed diets differing in forage quality. Metabolomics is an effective means to explain the overall complex and essential changes in diverse biological systems and may be the sole technology that can detect these changes . This is further improved by combining nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectra (MS) based high-throughput identification methods and multivariate statistical analyses . The metabolomics approach is a useful tool for elucidating the effects of diet on biofluid metabolite profiles in dietary intervention studies on dairy cows .
In previous work, we characterized certain results for common metabolites in four biofluids (rumen fluid, milk, serum, and urine) . We concluded that a deep analysis of metabolites from a single representative biofluid should be used to generate specific biomarkers and pathways to distinguish the metabolic profiles of dairy cows fed different diets. Urine metabolites result from global metabolism within the body and are easily affected by physiological, dietary and environmental interventions. As an easily collected and stored biofluid, urine has been widely used in human metabolomics to diagnose disease and serve as an early warning in preclinical stages . Urine metabolomics may be used to capture most of the small molecular compounds in urine and identify those that significantly differ to further characterize metabolic pathways that may differ among different dietary treatments . This will provide insight into identifying biomarkers and understanding the physiological processes associated with performance differences .
In the current study, biomarker and related pathway analysis was performed using the aforementioned urine metabolomics raw data under different forage treatments to evaluate the effects of forage quality on dairy cow metabolism. This approach can discern valid biomarkers and pathways and to understand the mechanism underlying forage-related nutrition in dairy cows.
The experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee at the Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) and were in accordance with the university's guidelines for animal research.
Sixteen multiparous (3.6 ± 1.8 parity) Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 2 groups according to BW and milk yield as described by Sun et al. . Both groups were offered consisting of 55 % concentrate mixture and 15 % corn silage with different forages (Additional file 1: Table S1): (1) alfalfa (AH), containing 23 % alfalfa hay and 7 % Chinese wild rye hay, and (2) corn stover (CS), containing 30 % corn stover instead of alfalfa hay and Chinese wild rye hay. The diet was formulated to meet or exceed the net energy requirement for cows with milk production at 30 kg/d . Feed was offered ad libitum to allow for at least 5 to 10 % orts. The experiment lasted for 65 d long with the first 15 d were used for adaption. Cows were housed in a tie-stall barn with free access to drinking water and were fed and milked 3 times daily at 0630, 1330 and 1930 h.
At the end of the experiment, urine samples (15 mL) were collected using vulval stimulation between 0500 and 0630 h. Each sample was immediately frozen in a liquid nitrogen container to minimize metabolite degradation. After thawing and centrifugation at 6,000 × g at 4 °C for 15 min, samples were stored in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes at −80 °C for further analyses. The methods and procedures for identifying specific metabolomics, including metabolite extraction, derivatization, GC-TOF/MS identification and data pretreatment, are described elsewhere . L-2-chlorophenylalanine was used as a internal standard and bistrifluoroacetamide (containing 1 % TCMS, v/v) as a derivated reagent. Agilent 7890 GC system equipped with a Pegasus 4D TOFMS (LECO, St. Joseph, MI, USA) was installed with a DB-5MS capillary column (0.25 μm film thickness, 30 m × 250 μm inner diameter). Helium served as the carrier gas and a front inlet purge flow of 3 mL/min was utilized. Temperature procedure was as follows: the initial temperature was kept at 80 °C for 0.2 min, increased to 180 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min, to 240 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min, and further to 290 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min; the column was then maintained for 11 min. The injection, transfer line, and ion source temperatures were 280, 245, and 220 °C, respectively. The MS data were acquired at a rate of 100 spectra/s after a solvent delay of 492 s with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 20 to 600 in full-scan mode.
In a previous study , 31 significantly different metabolites were identified in the urine. The relative concentration of these significantly different metabolites was incorporated into an online analysis platform (Metaboanalyst 3.0, http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) for a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), which is a widely used data summary analysis tool to merge similar groups of points into visualization tree. Each sample began as a separate cluster, and the algorithm combined the samples until each sample belonged to one cluster. The HCA with Euclidean distance similarity measures and an average linkage method was used to explore clustering patterns among the samples and metabolites in urine. The expression patterns and a heat map of each variable were generated using an average linkage hierarchical clustering program. High-correlation samples were positioned near the top of the dendrogram, and highly similar metabolites were assigned near the left of the dendrogram. Other multivariate statistic analysis (principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)) were also performed using Metabolyst 3.0. The PCA was used to visualize the dataset and display similarities and differences. PLS-DA was performed to sharpen the separation between groups of observations, and to understand which variables carry the class separating information.
Biomarker analysis was performed using statistical and mathematical modeling methods to select the minimum number of metabolites to represent and explain difference between 2 treatments. A subset of metabolites was manually selected to construct a classifier. One or more metabolites can be selected based on their difference between 2 groups (e.g., VIP value, P value, fold change). The classifier was then evaluated as a biomarker by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), including the ROC view, predicted class probabilities, and cross validation (CV) prediction. The ROC analyses were based on a linear SVM algorithm. To produce a smooth ROC curve, 100 cross validations were performed, and results averaged to generate the plot. Using a probability view, a figure was generated to show the average predicted class probabilities for each sample among the 100 cross-validations. The classification boundary was located at the center for a balanced subsampling approach. Primarily, the effective sensitivity and specificity was evaluated based on the value of the area under the ROC curve (AUC), the sample distribution in the probability view, and CV prediction accuracy.
Biomarkers were validated by standard compound quantitative method using GC-TOF/MS. A standard curve was generated using a 4 mg/mL stock solution of hippuric acid (98 % assay; Sgima-Aldrich). The equipment used is previously described. However the temperature procedure differed and as follows: the initial temperature was kept at 50 °C for 1 min, then raised to 300 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min, then kept for 6.5 min at 300 °C. The injection, transfer line, and ion source temperatures were 280, 280, and 220 °C, respectively. The energy was −70 eV in electron impact mode. The mass spectrometry data were acquired in full-scan mode with the m/z range of 30–600 at a rate of 20 spectra/s after a solvent delay of 4.93 min.
Pathway characterization is used to expand metabolomic analyses to understand the systems-level effects of metabolites . The relative concentrations of 31 significantly different metabolites were imported into Metaboanalyst to generate the metabolome view, which integrates pathway enrichment analysis and pathway topology analysis. In doing so subtle but consistent changes among a group of related compounds may be identified . A global test was used in pathway enrichment analysis to determine whether a group of metabolites in one specific pathway is differentially expressed, which shifts individual metabolite analysis to a group of metabolites analysis . Pathway topological analysis was based on the relative betweenness and out of degree centrality measures of a metabolite in a given metabolic network to calculate the metabolites importance . The pathway impact was calculated as the sum of the importance measures of the matched metabolites normalized by the importance of all metabolites in each pathway . The differential response in metabolites between the two groups were further identified using online databases, including the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Bovine Metabolome Database, PubChem Compound, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest and Chemical Abstracts Service. Each different metabolite was crosslisted with the pathways in the KEGG; the top altered pathways were then identified and constructed according to the potential functional analysis.
The PCA and PLS-DA analyses of the GC-TOF/MS metabolic profiles clearly show separated clusters in the 2D-PCA score plot between the AH and CS groups (Additional file 1: Figure S1), suggesting that the GC-TOF/MS-based urine metabolomics model can be used to identify the difference between the two diets.
The relative concentrations of 31 significantly different metabolites identified in the urine are shown in Fig. 1 with changes in the color intensity (from light blue to dark red) on the heat map. Different subclusters containing different numbers of samples in one diet fully clustered together, indicating a clear and strong difference between the AH and CS diets. Therefore, biomarker and pathway analyses based on these 31 significantly differently metabolites are credible.
Based on the individual AUC, fold change (FC), and p-value, hippuric acid and N-methyl-L-glutamic acid (NML-Glu) were selected as potential biomarkers because they exhibited the most significant difference between the diets (Additional file 1: Table S1). The biomarker analysis results for HUA and NML-Glu are shown in Fig. 2. The AUC was equal to 1 (Fig. 2a), and a clear separation and discrimination were observed between the CS and AH diets in the probability view (Fig. 2b). An AUC close to 1 indicates a more effective sensitivity and specificity. The average accuracy based on 100 cross validations was 1 (Fig. 2c) in this study. Having an average accuracy close to 1 indicates a more valid CV prediction. The concentration of HUA (mg/mL) in CS group was significantly higher than that in AH group (2.8282 vs. 0.0005; P < 0.01).
A significant negative correlation was observed between milk yield and HUA concentration (R2 = 0.459, P < 0.01, Fig. 3a). On the contrary, milk yield was positively correlated with NML-Glu concentration (R2 = 0.652, P < 0.01, Fig. 3b), suggesting that these 2 metabolites may serve as candidates for future investigations into forage-related lactation mechanisms.
Seventeen pathways were obtained when the significantly different metabolites were imported into KEGG. After enrichment and pathway topology analysis of the identified pathways, only 7 pathways showed an impact value at the comprehensive level (Table 1): Tyr metabolism; starch and sucrose metabolism; amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; galactose metabolism; Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis; purine metabolism; and glycerolipid metabolism. Among these 7 pathways, Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis exhibited the highest impact value (0.50). When the statistical P values were further adjusted via the Holm-Bonferroni method for multiple testing, only the Tyr metabolism exhibited significant differences (P = 0.048, Table 1).
A comprehensive analysis of the P value and impact value showed that the pathways that differed the most were Tyr metabolism and Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis (Fig. 4). The integrated key pathways and involved metabolites are shown in Fig. 5. For Tyr metabolism pathway, 3 significantly different metabolites were characterized: Tyr (VIP = 1.38, P = 0.02; FC = 2.84), 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (VIP = 1.35, P = 0.03; FC = 2.85) and gentisic acid (VIP = 1.21, P = 0.04; FC = 0.47). Tyr was also involved in Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis.
The key biomarkers, HUA and NML-Glu were successfully investigated using GC-TOF/MS combined with biomarker analyses and statistically validated. This suggests that these 2 metabolites may be used as biomarkers in urine from dairy cows when corn stover replaces alfalfa hay.
The HUA is a potential marker for determining the best type of goat feeding regimen . HUA is an acyl glycine formed from conjugating benzoic acid with glycine in the liver  and is one of the five major nitrogenous components in urine of dairy cows . HUA excretion is related to dietary concentrations of degradable phenolic acids . Forage contains high levels of aromatic compounds, including HUA , which can be partly degraded in the rumen. HUA is absorbed in the rumen and intestines following an immediate conjugation before being transformed in the liver and excreted in urine . In the current study, significant higher amount of HUA in CS group was validated by both statistical analysis and standard compound quantitative method. The greater HUA excretion in the CS-fed cows partly resulted in greater nitrogen loss compared with the cows fed AH. HUA excretion has been linked to lignin digestibility . Further work is necessary to validate HUA as a biomarker in dairy cow nutrition.
NML-Glu is a Glu derivative with a methyl group added to the amino group and is an intermediate of methane metabolism . It can also regenerate Glu through methylglutamate dehydrogenase. Glu is the major milk protein component , accounting for more than 20 % of milk protein and playing an important role in gluconeogenesis as a glucogenic precursor . The function of NML-Glu in the glutamate pool warrants further investigation.
Based on the KEGG pathways, Tyr metabolism was one of the 13 AA metabolism pathways (KEGG map 00350). As shown in Fig. 5, the altered Tyr metabolism in dairy cows fed different quality forage mainly resulted in Tyr degradation. In contrast, the alterations of Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis pathway was attributed to Tyr biosynthesis. Tyr is an aromatic AA and a precursor for adrenalin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which play an important role in the sympathetic nervous system in animals . In general, Tyr concentration in blood depends on dietary Tyr content . Tyr is referred to as a semi-essential or conditionally indispensable AA because it only forms from Phe hydroxylation under certain condition . During Tyr catabolism, the carboxyl carbon is almost immediately released as carbon dioxide, and the remaining portions of the Tyr molecule become either acetoacetate or fumarate , which can be used to synthesize AA or fatty acids.
Although Tyr is a non-essential AA, its synthesis within the body depends on Phe availability. Half of the Phe required for animals is used to produce Tyr. The requirement for Phe is reduced by approximately 50 % with a Tyr-rich diet . The same feature was also identified in a previous study on dairy cows . Phe is mainly hydroxylated to Tyr in the hepatic intracellular pool, which is irreplaceable in Tyr biosynthesis. Phe is an essential AA that must be supplied by dietary proteins. Once it has entered the body, Phe may follow one of three pathways: conversion to Tyr, incorporation into cellular proteins, or conversion to phenylpyruvic acid . For dairy cows, valine and other branched-chain AA may reduce tyrosine absorption , which may limit conversion of essential AA, such as Phe, into proteins.
The integrated metabolic pathways contain interaction networks as well as related metabolites and provide information on nutritional intervention mechanisms . This information extends beyond metabolic relevance and effects through the pathways and network analyses applied in the metabolomics analyses . The detailed construction of the altered Tyr metabolism; the Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis pathways map; and the related metabolites suggest that the target pathways yield marked changes when forage quality varies. These biochemical changes may be used to understand the effects of different quality forages on lactation performance and provide insight for future exploration of mechanisms and cow nutrition.
GC-TOF/MS technology and multivariate analyses were used to to show significant changes in urine metabolites and metabolic pathways between two diets containing AH or CS as the main forage. The identified compounds hippuric acid and N-methy-l-Glu may serve as a potential biomarker for discriminating between different forage quality. The Tyr metabolism and Phe, Tyr and Try biosynthesis pathways showed the most variation when corn stover replaced alfalfa hay. Insight into forage-related changes in physiology and metabolism may aid in developing strategies for better utilization of CS and other low-quality forages in China.
The authors gratefully thank all of the staff of the Hangjiang Dairy Farm (Hangzhou, China) for their assistance in feeding, milking and care of the animals. We are grateful to Dr. Heather A. Tucker (Novus International Inc. St. Charles, US) for editing for grammar. We also acknowledge the members of the Institute of Dairy Science Zhejiang University for their assistance with urine sampling.
This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31472121) and from the China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-37). The funding body has not participated in or interfered with the research.
HZS designed the whole experiment, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. BW participated in experimental design, animal feeding trial, and sample measurements. JKW and HYL contributed to the manuscript revision. JXL was in charge of the whole trial. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The procedures of this study were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China) and were in accordance with the university's guidelines for animal research.


Physicians Formula #InstaReady Concealer | YapLea.
I got this concealer from a lovely brunch hosted by Physicians Formula at Figo down at John and Adelaide. It was an amazing morning packed with makeup and food. I also met a bunch of bloggers who were just so sweet! Physicians Formula gave us a bunch of samples and I received this concealer in the shade "Light". Luckily, it was a perfect match so I tried it right away.
One thing I didn't like about this product is the packaging. I appreciate that it comes in a pump for hygienic purposes but I can't control how much comes out of the pump. I had concealer squirt all over me when I first tried using it. It was such a waste. Even now, one pump is already too much for me that I end up wiping it with a tissue and say bye to it. I almost forgot to say that it came with a small pink sponge that didn't live up to my wants. It was too hard even if I used it damp.
The consistency is thicker like most concealers. It provides a full coverage and a satin finish. It didn't cling to my dry patches which is good considering that it is a full coverage concealer. It claims to have this "filter" finish which blurs out any imperfections. I love how it stays on my skin. It isn't super mattifying but it doesn't make me shiny either. It's a good in-between type of concealer. I know people with oily skin could love this as much as I do.
Another amazing thing about this concealer is that it has Broad Spectrum SPF 30! WIN WIN WIN! With that being said, some people may stay away from it because it might have a white cast to it. That is not the case with me. I've had a few compliments whenever I wear this concealer!
The main things I use the concealer for is to cover up my large pores and to lighten up some hyperpigmentation and darkness in some parts of my face. Using this alone could be enough and setting it with powder will prolong it's staying power. I wouldn't say it is light weight cause I still feel like I am wearing makeup.
It's very easy for me to like a concealer. I am sold whenever I see that it doesn't make my skin look flaky and patchy or doesn't accentuate any of my dryness and lines. This concealer is on the top shelf and it checks out all the things I want a concealer to do.
I highly recommend this concealer to everyone!


Are you pleased with the outcome of the special session?
What do you think about the resignation of Archbishop John Nienstedt?
Do all businesses provide a social good?
Should Minnesota do more to encourage 'purposeful play' at school?
How long should someone be able to be held in jail without a trial?
What do you think of the charges against the archdiocese?
Is a trade agreement with China a good idea?
Do you pay attention to where your clothing comes from?
Are you pleased with the compromise between Gov. Dayton and House GOPers?
Do you support the USA Freedom Act?


Door Max Weight: 150lb - 230lb 68-105kg. Track's length should be twice of your door panel's width. The gap between THK 40 mm door panel and the wall is about 16 mm, height from the top of the door panel to ceiling is about 200 mm for reference. Only hardware is for sale. Track's length should be twice of your door panel's width, please select the length based on the door panel or opening. Customers' issues such as: no longer needed, don't like, bought by mistake, etc. Craftsmanship, excellence and innovation are our primary pursuits. We enjoy the working with raw materials to make them into something extraordinary.
The item "1.5M 2M 3M 4M Strap Sliding Barn Door Hardware Black Wheel Track Kit Closet new" is in sale since Tuesday, February 21, 2017. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Building Materials & DIY\Doors & Door Hardware\Other Door Hardware".
The seller is "winsoonhardware" and is located in wenzhou. This item can be shipped worldwide.


It's my first marathon but it won't be my finish line.
Jen said this to me last week as I began my minor-freak out that yes, this Sunday my Brooks will toe the starting line of my first full marathon on the opposite coast at the Big Sur International Marathon.
Finishing Big Sur will officially mean I'm no longer a beginner runner. But it won't change my status as a new runner and it won't mean I'm done learning new things about running- believe me I have a lot more to learn. I've learned a lot through this training cycle and I will continue to learn more as I recover in the following weeks and start up a new training cycle, for whatever and whenever that may be.
As I make my way up the coast of California, on the breathtakingly beautiful Highway 1, I vow to take it all in, listen to the runners around me, see every view, laugh at every unique mile marker, listen to the piano man and the taiko drummers and just enjoy it because it will be my first full marathon. I say first because I know it will most certainly not be my last. Big Sur will be my victory lap but not my finish line.
When I began training for Big Sur back in January I bought myself an Erica Sara "Say It Do It" bracelet with the words, "She believed she could," engraved on one side of the medallion. The words are from a quote, "She believed she could, so she did." As I cross the finish line at Big Sur on Sunday, probably with tears in my eyes, I'll be able to complete the quote- "so she did."


I have found so many times that CCC is the perfect resource for me when issues involving the elderly or persons with disabilities have come up. This is not an area in which I have had any education or significant experience. Nevertheless, a lawyer is supposed to know everything. So when clients or friends have come to me with questions of this sort, I have been delighted and relieved to be able to get answers from CCC or, better yet, to refer them to CCC.
"My friend Maura has gone on and on about what wonderful and thoughtful care you gave to her mother. She really was touched by everything that you did to make her mother comfortable."


You are here: Home / Lifestyle / Window Shopping / Gorgeous Living Room Furniture that you wouldn't believe came from COSTCO!
Gorgeous Living Room Furniture that you wouldn't believe came from COSTCO!
So, we go to Costco about once a month. I this month, I noticed (how could you miss it!) that they had brought out the furniture. When I think of Costco living room furniture, I think of big leather sectionals with cup holders. Well, I was surprised to see some really cute stuff, including a blue chair that I reaaaally want for my plant corner (Hi Sean!).
But, it inspired me to click over to their website and Y'ALL! Costco's website has some AMAZING furniture. Like, really good. I wanted to share my favorite living room Costco furniture pieces with you today.


We've simplified small business lending. Get approved for up to $250,0001 and withdraw working capital. You'll only pay only for what you use.
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Every month, you'll pay back an equal portion of the loan principal plus the monthly fee. Kabbage® 6- or 12-month loans have a fee every month you have a balance, while 18-month loans have the loan fees accrued in full at the time the loan is funded and an equal portion of the fee is paid each month for 18 months, regardless of reduction of your balance.
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