text:
Why Britain's most eminent scientist is convinced cyborgs will rule the planet within 80 years
It is 8.30am and Britain's most eminent scientist is taking a windswept stroll through Dorset's rolling hills. It seems hard to believe that James Lovelock – sprightly despite a walking stick and bristling with a fierce, bright-eyed intelligence – will turn 100 this week.
But the man known for proposing one of the most visionary scientific theories of the last century starts the day just as he always does, with a brisk walk from his coastguard's cottage by the shores of Chesil Beach with his beloved wife, Sandy.
That Lovelock is conscious of his own mortality is to be expected. But that he is also musing on the future of the Earth he will never live to see – one which involves cyborgs, no less – is, perhaps, rather more surprising.
'I am more than well aware that I have only got a few more years at the most to live and it doesn't bother me,' he tells me. 'It is one of those things that happens. I think it's much harder for Sandy than it is for me.'
James Lovelock created the Gaia theory, named after the Earth goddess in Greek mythology. It describes the Earth as a self-regulating single organism which maintains the conditions necessary for life
I am meeting my dear friend at his small cottage to discuss his new book, Novacene: The Coming Age Of Hyperintelligence. Having known him for more than 25 years, I have always regarded Jim (as he is known by his friends) as the only true genius I have met in a lifetime of mingling with great minds.
Of all the thinkers with whom I have interacted, he is the most fertile in ideas that challenge the way we think about the world and our place as humans in it.
Long regarded as a maverick in the scientific community, Lovelock created the Gaia theory, named after the Earth goddess in Greek mythology. Gaia, which was a name suggested to him by Lord Of The Flies author William Golding during an evening walk and drink at the village pub, described the Earth as a self-regulating single organism which maintains the conditions necessary for life.
After he first proposed the theory in the 1960s, many scientists were highly sceptical, not least because the literary title suggested it was some kind of New Age mysticism rather than a serious scientific theory.
Over the past 50 years, however, it has revolutionised the way in which we see our world. It is now widely accepted that the Earth functions as a complex system in which everything is connected.
Not for the first time in his long and illustrious career, his new theory is likely to be met with incomprehension. Because, if he is to be believed, the next stage of evolution is a world in which the dominant form of life is not humans, but 'highly intelligent' technology.
This new kind of life, he believes, will come from the artificial intelligence we have already constructed and rely on. As Lovelock puts it: 'Our children are already around us.'
Thermostats which turn our heating on and off already show some autonomy, he argues. Our mobile phones even more so.
Not for the first time in his long and illustrious career, Lovelock's new theory is likely to be met with incomprehension. Because, if he is to be believed, the next stage of evolution is a world in which the dominant form of life is not humans, but 'highly intelligent' technology (stock image)
But, despite the fact that 'we haven't invented it yet', these programs will evolve and begin to think faster, all by themselves – and may soon become tens of thousands of times faster than us – far overtaking the intellect of the human brain.
What's more, they will evolve far more quickly than organic forms of life. To put this into perspective, we currently have the ability to think about 10,000 times faster than a plant. It means biological life will take a back seat to technology.
Not that we need to be concerned about this new breed of intelligent machines, Lovelock argues – they'll just be higher up the food chain. They will need us, he believes, just as we need plants.
I press Jim on this new non-organic life form – how will it evolve? Will it be conscious and able to think like a human?
'I see hyper intelligence as the next stage in the evolution of Gaia,' he explains. 'It's the way things are going.
'The key thing is we have moved away from the era in which humans had a significant effect on the ecosystem into what I've called the Novacene – where the predominant form of life will not be organic.
'Will it be conscious? I would think so. More conscious than we are because if it's that much more rapid – 10,000 times or more faster than the human brain – there's so much more time to get impressions, senses, feelings, everything.'
He also believes the cyborgs will be in charge.
'I get very irritated when people think of our successors as being convenient butlers or slaves that will do everything we want and they are under our control,' he says.
'Cyborgs will be much more than our children, because they are totally different and have their own origins.
'But the idea that they will replace us is silly. We would co-exist with them just as we co-exist with plants.
'They will view us much in the way that we view plants – slower. They might very well find certain aspects of us interesting, in the same way that we might go to Kew Gardens.'
From Mary Shelley's Frankenstein 200 years ago to modern Cybermen (pictured) and Robocop, the idea of artificial life has long held a sinister threat
Of course, we've come across much of this already in science fiction. From Mary Shelley's Frankenstein 200 years ago to modern Cybermen and Robocop, the idea of artificial life has long held a sinister threat.
Lovelock prefers to term the hyper-intelligent creations as 'cyborgs' rather 'robots' – because they will be nothing like the clunking mechanical replicas of human beings that we have come to know from books and films.
It would be easy to dismiss the idea of the Novacene. Yet Lovelock, who has been lavished with every academic accolade going and will later this month be made centenarian Fellow of the Royal Society, has a history of getting things right.
For instance, he was the first to detect harmful chlorofluorocarbon (known as CFCs) in the atmosphere which destroys the ozone layer.
And when it comes to intelligent design, Lovelock is also one of the best. Indeed, for many years he was an inventor working as a real-life 'Q' for the British intelligence services.
As a philosopher and historian of ideas, I have been deeply impressed by how Lovelock has challenged a key part of the prevailing view of the world – the idea that humans are at the centre of things and can shape their future as they please.
Gaia theory, and even more his new theory of the Novacene, show humanity in a more modest light. We humans are part of a world far greater than ourselves, which we cannot control.
Humans can't be masters of the Earth. But that doesn't mean we are completely helpless. We can try to understand our position in the scheme of things, and consider how we can make the best of our situation. Throughout the years I've known him, and for much of his long life, Jim has been doing exactly that.
Lovelock was born on July 26, 1919, and grew up in London in a Quaker family. He believes he had a stroke of good luck in not initially being able to afford to go to university (though he later spent 18 months at Manchester University and did a PhD at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) since it helped him avoid being confined to a single discipline at the start of his career.
Instead, he began his education by reading in Brixton public library and visiting the Science Museum in South Kensington.
Despite being registered as a conscientious objector when the Second World War broke out, in accordance with his Quaker beliefs, he was moved by the extensive naval losses and joined the war effort as an inventor.
Gaia theory, and even more his new theory of the Novacene (pictured, the cover of his new book), show humanity in a more modest light. We humans are part of a world far greater than ourselves, which we cannot control
He soon realised that his position was untenable. 'The thing that moved me most of all was the death rates among the sailors who went on ships,' he says.
'They were feeding us and you couldn't not participate in some way. It seemed too much of a privilege.'
In trying to find ways to prevent sailors being burnt to death when their ships were hit, he discovered that wet woollen blankets were more protective than asbestos which had been previously used.
He has remained an inventor ever since. Among many other devices, he created a pencil that could write on the wet glass of a Petri dish and an electron capture detector that was used in the study of atmospheric ozone depletion.
Among Lovelock's most remarkable inventions were small sensitive instruments for testing the atmosphere that were used by Nasa on Mars.
He believed that the Red Planet could not support life – a view that seems to have been confirmed by later evidence.
As we talk in his cottage, he tells me with a boyish grin that some of these gadgets are on a shelf just behind me.
Here on Earth, meanwhile, Lovelock believes that by the end of this century – little over 80 years from now – cyborgs will be in charge.
Of course, his theory may seem far-fetched, but the revolution is, he claims, already here.
Two years ago, Facebook shut down an experiment when two chat-bots – artificial intelligence programmes designed to communicate with one another – began to talk in a language they had created for themselves.
Meanwhile, in a similar development, Google found that the programme it uses for its translation tool had created its own language.
Even more strikingly, Google's programme DeepMind, which combined machine learning with input from humans, produced two 'successors' that did not use human input at all.
One of them, AlphaZero, turned itself into a superhuman chess player. In his book, Lovelock writes: 'It now seems probable that a new form of intelligent life will emerge from an AI precursor made by one of us, perhaps from something like AlphaZero.'
The key point Lovelock makes about cyborgs is that they are the result of evolution – just like us. Rather than an alien force dedicated to our destruction, they are our natural successor.
We don't know yet what they will look like, or even if they will take a physical form at all, let alone one we will be able to detect.
They may take the form of spheres, or even shifting mists, he suggests. They may simply be digital. But whatever they look like, they will evolve very quickly.
I press Jim on why he thinks hyper-intelligent cyborgs could be running things this century. For many might accept that it could be perfectly possible in hundreds – or indeed thousands – of years, but only 80 years ahead, perhaps less so.
'Anything that starts off 10,000 times faster has got quite a head start,' he replies confidently.
'The new way that they will be able to share and spread information among one another will be so much faster. Therefore, their evolution will be much faster.'
Lovelock (pictured) also believes we cannot be sure the world could survive another devastating climate event, such as the mass extinction which took place before the dinosaur era
Also evolving are Lovelock's environmental theories – and cyborgs are, in fact, central to their success. His Gaia hypothesis led him to be regarded as an environmental guru by many in the Green movement.
Yet he has little time for what he regards as the 'wrong-headed' thinking today of groups such as Extinction Rebellion. Meanwhile, his support for nuclear energy has further shifted him away from the Green movement.
For Lovelock, the past 200 years of industrial expansion, urbanisation and technology has been a glorious blossoming in the evolution of life on Earth, rather than the ecological catastrophe condemned by modern environmentalists.
There has certainly been environmental damage, and Lovelock agrees with the Greens that we should stop burning fossil fuels as soon as possible.
But, when considering the alternatives, he is far more open to using nuclear energy.
'In some ways the Green movement is like a fundamentalist religion,' he says.
'People must have something to have a fuss and a fight about and they don't really care very much what it is as long as it's a belief. Most of the Greens are not scientists.'
Environmentalists claim that they want to save the world, but humans can't save the world, only adapt to it, a process that requires science and technology not faith and emotion.
'It's an extraordinary fact the Greens almost criminally ignore that the death rate of people working in the nuclear industry is a tiny fraction of any other industry in the world. It's very safe,' he says.
Lovelock also believes we cannot be sure the world could survive another devastating climate event, such as the mass extinction which took place before the dinosaur era.
That is why he is so excited by the rise of the cyborgs.
Far from being the ultimate threat to humanity so often portrayed in sci-fi, he believes cyborgs may, in fact, prove to be our best hope.
Their fast-evolving intelligence and information processing could find a new way to keep the planet cool and sustainable.
In any case, Lovelock believes that they will be obliged to join forces with us to do so in order to maintain their survival.
It makes war between man and machine-learning cyborgs unlikely – purely because of their own self-interest.
Fundamentally, it's simply a future we have to accept – whether we like it, or not.
Novacene: The Coming Age Of Hyperintelligence, by James Lovelock, is published by Allen Lane, priced £14.99.
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The prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is estimated between 0.15 and 1.2%, with many of those patients experiencing severe fatigue. Current axSpA assessment guidance recommends use of a single-item visual analogue scale for fatigue severity. However, concerns have been raised about the ability of such a limited assessment to identify patients with major fatigue, to detect important change in fatigue or to reflect the multi-dimensional nature of fatigue. The proposed systematic review will identify and evaluate the quality and acceptability of single- and multi-item patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess fatigue in axSpA, seeking to make recommendations for the 'best' measures for research and/or clinical practice.
The review will seek to include published studies which report evidence of the development and/or measurement and/or practical properties of clearly defined and reproducible measures of fatigue following completion by patients with axSpA. Five major databases will be searched from 1980 to August 2017: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), World of Science and CINAHL. Study methodological quality will be assessed against the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The measurement and/or practical properties of reviewed measures will be assessed against current international standards. A short list of the 'best'-quality PROMs will be produced. The review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
This study will provide the first robust and transparent evaluation of patient-reported measures of fatigue used in the axSpA population, synthesising evidence of quality, relevance and acceptability. The review will benefit patients, clinicians, health professionals and researchers wishing to enhance axSpA-fatigue assessment in routine practice, service evaluation and research. The findings will impact future research which seeks to better understand the nature of axSpA fatigue and evaluate the relative benefit of fatigue-management strategies.
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and pelvis, impairing mobility to the detriment of the patient's physical wellbeing . It is characterised by widespread back and joint pain and stiffness . axSpA and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are two facets of a single disease distinguished by whether radiographic sacroiliitis is observable by X-ray examination (AS) or not (axSpA) . Up to 75% of axSpA patients report experiencing fatigue [3–7], and for many, this is both severe and frequent . Patients with AS have highlighted the relative importance of seeking to better understand the fatigue associated with their illness , underlining the need for an appropriate fatigue assessment that really captures what matters to patients. As exemplified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a review of methods of fatigue assessment  and qualitative research with patients highlighted both the multi-faceted nature of RA fatigue  and the inadequacy of current methods of assessment. The result was the development of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) specific to RA fatigue—the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multidimensional Questionnaire (BRAF-MDQ) [11, 12]. PROMs are single- or multi-item questionnaires which seek to provide a patient-derived assessment of how they feel, what they can and cannot do and how well they are living their lives as a consequence of their health and associated health care .
Current assessment guidance for AS exists in the form of a core outcome set (COS) . The COS provides guidance for the minimum number of outcomes to include in future clinical practice and clinical trials: that is, pain, stiffness, function, global wellbeing and spinal mobility [14, 15]. A recent update recommends the assessment of fatigue severity with a single-item visual analogue scale (VAS) . However, evidence from a large UK cohort of AS patients highlighted significant limitations with a single-item assessment of fatigue, including the failure to identify some patients with major fatigue, to detect important change in fatigue, to reflect the multi-dimensional nature of fatigue or to detail the nuances of fatigue essential to driving tailored healthcare.
A growing number of multi-item fatigue-specific (for example, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20)  and Fatigue Severity Scale ) and condition-fatigue-specific (for example, the BRAF-MDQ  and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy scale ) PROMs are now available. This growth in availability reflects the importance of capturing the multi-faceted, often condition-specific, nature of fatigue  and the importance of seeking to reflect the outcomes that really matter to patients . However, it is unclear how well these measures perform in the axSpA population; it cannot be assumed that the measurement and practical properties of measures are consistent across different patient populations. Confidence in the use of PROM-based assessment is underpinned by evidence of performance in the population of interest , and structured reviews of PROM quality and acceptability provide essential evidence to inform selection.
The proposed systematic review will evaluate the quality (measurement properties), relevance (measures what is important) and acceptability (simplicity and convenience) of clearly defined and reproducible multi- and single-item PROMs which purport to measure fatigue and have been completed by the axSpA population. A short list of 'best' measures of fatigue for use with the axSpA population will be developed to inform recommendations for use in both routine clinical practice and research.
The review will include published studies reporting evidence of the development, measurement and/or practical properties of clearly defined and reproducible measures of fatigue evaluated following completion by patients with axSpA. The review will be completed and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines .
Study methodological quality will be assessed against the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines [24, 25]. The measurement and/or practical properties of included measures will be assessed against a transparent appraisal framework informed by current international standards for PROM quality [22, 26–29].
A comprehensive search strategy will be developed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free text searching to reflect four key characteristics [26, 30, 31]: (1) population—axSpA, (2) construct—fatigue, (3) type of assessment—patient-reported measures and (4) measurement properties (a modified version of a sensitive search filter and accompanying exclusion filter)  (example search in Additional file 1: Appendix 1).
Following the review of titles and abstracts of included studies, a further 'named measure' search will be developed and applied with search terms developed as above to reflect (1) population—axSpA, (2) construct—fatigue, (3) named fatigue measures and (4) measurement properties.
The search strategy will be modified for each of the following databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), PsycINFO, World of Science and CINAHL. Searches will be run from 1980 to August 2017.
The search strategy will use MeSH, keywords and synonyms to identify studies of adult patients with axSpA where the concept of fatigue is assessed. To ensure maximal sensitivity, a wide range of terms will be used to reflect the target patient sample (axSpA) and fatigue. A modified filter describing measurement and assessment will be used to identify studies using PROMs (original filter developed by the PROM group and Knowledge Centre, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford). Terms describing the measurement evaluation will be searched for using a modification of the COSMIN filter . The recommended COSMIN exclusion filter will be added to the search string .
Titles and abstracts will be reviewed for inclusion by one reviewer (NP); a second reviewer (KH) will independently review a 10% subset of randomly selected titles and abstracts and agreement checked [32, 33]. A third independent reviewer (JP) will resolve any differences regarding eligibility. Reference lists of included articles will be screened for additional articles. The reason(s) for any full-text exclusions will be recorded.
Studies will be included if they (i) include a clearly identifiable and reproducible PROM-based assessment of fatigue; (ii) the study reports evidence of the development and/or evaluation (practical or measurement properties) of the PROM following completion by members of the axSpA population; and (iii) the study has been published, peer-reviewed, is available as a full text and is written in English. Studies will be excluded if they are (i) available as abstract only; (ii) the assessment of fatigue is not patient-reported, clearly identifiable or reproducible; (iii) the study simply describes use/application of a PROM without further evidence of measurement/practical properties; (iv) the measurement and/or practical properties cannot be extracted specific to the axSpA population; or (v) the study has not been published, peer-reviewed or is not available in English.
All abstracts that include patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) will be screened by a consultant rheumatologist (JP) and included if a subset of patients is clinically defined as having axSpA and separately reported.
PROMs will be included if (i) they are fatigue specific: both multi-item and single-item measures will be included and (ii) fatigue is assessed as a separate domain within a multiple domain assessment (e.g. SF-36 Vitality ). Assessments of fatigue will not be included if they are (i) clinician-reported or (ii) a non-PROM-based assessment.
The search strategy will use the search filters developed in stage 1 for population (axSpA), construct (fatigue) and measurement properties (COSMIN filter). In addition, a named measures search filter will be developed and added to the search string to identify single- and multi-item measures used in axSpA fatigue assessment. All identified titles and abstracts will be extracted, and any duplicates between stage 1 and 2 searches will be removed. Title and abstract screening will follow the same procedure outlined for the stage 1 search (see stage 1), and the same eligibility criteria will be applied.
Data extraction will be informed by previous reviews [35, 36] (see Additional file 1: Appendix 2) and the requirements of the COSMIN checklist [24, 25]. COSMIN provides a transparent appraisal system that is internationally developed. The checklist contains quality criteria for evaluating ten measurement properties—validity (content, structural, construct, criterion, cross-cultural), reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, measurement error), responsiveness and interpretability. This review will consider all evidence of measurement evaluation that relates to fatigue-specific measures only.
Data extraction will capture (1) study information (population, definition of fatigue, language) and (2) PROM-based information. PROM-based evidence of measurement properties will include validity (structural, content and face, construct, criterion, longitudinal), reliability (inter- or intra-rater, test-retest, internal consistency, measurement error), responsiveness (criterion or construct-based) and interpretability (minimal important change, smallest detectable change, response shift). Evidence for the practical properties of PROMs will include acceptability (relevance) and feasibility. The extent of patient involvement as active research partners in PROM development, evaluation and/or application will be sought .
Study methodological quality for each reported measurement property will be assessed using the COSMIN checklist 4-point scale (i.e. poor, fair, good, excellent) [24, 25]. Two reviewers (NP and KH) will independently undertake data extraction and apply the COSMIN checklist on a randomly selected 10% subset of included papers. Any disagreements are resolved through discussion with a third reviewer (JP or HP).
Data synthesis will seek to contextualise evidence of the reported measurement and/or practical properties alongside the methodological quality of the study. As per earlier reviews, data synthesis will consider (i) study methodological quality (COSMIN scores), (ii) the number of studies reporting evidence per fatigue measure, (iii) the results for each practical and measurement property per measure, and (iv) consistency between evaluations . Data synthesis will report two pieces of information. First, measurement property quality will be categorised as adequate (+), not adequate (−), conflicting (+/−) or unclear (?). Second, the strength of evidence for the quality of each measurement property reviewed will be categorised as 'strong', 'moderate', 'limited', 'conflicting' or 'unknown' [32, 35].
Following data synthesis and item-content comparisons, PROM recommendations will be informed by (1) whether and to what extent essential domains of fatigue identified—as per the RA-fatigue model—are reflected within the PROM (content validity), (2) the availability of adequate evidence of minimally important measurement properties—validity (structural and construct) and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest), and (3) an evidence base that is minimally judged to be of moderate quality.
Awareness of the importance of fatigue in inflammatory conditions has grown over the past decade . Whilst patients report fatigue as one of the key symptoms of their condition, there is limited evidence of an improved understanding of fatigue in axSpA and its impact on patients' lives [3, 38, 39]. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that the experience of fatigue is not homogeneous across conditions [10, 40] and hence a generic approach to assessment may miss important aspects of fatigue for particular patient groups.
This study will provide the first robust and transparent evaluation of patient-reported measures of fatigue used in the axSpA population, synthesising evidence of quality, relevance and acceptability. The findings of this review will inform the selection of patient-reported fatigue assessment, thus impacting future research which seeks to better understand the nature of axSpA fatigue. Improving the assessment of fatigue in routine practice, service evaluation and research will enhance our understanding of the way in which fatigue impacts upon the lives of people with axSpA, and the way in which their fatigue responds to fatigue-management strategies.
This work was supported by the National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society (NASS) grant number WAR1.
KH is the guarantor of the review. NP drafted the manuscript. Eligibility criteria and data extraction criteria were developed by all authors. NP and KH developed the search strategy. KH and HP provided outcome measurement expertise. KH and JP provided expertise on axial spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis. All authors reviewed the manuscript, provided feedback and approved the final version.
National Ankylosing Spondylitis Society: NASS Research Priorities 2013–2018. 2013. http://nass.co.uk/research/nass-research-priorities/. Accessed 21 Sept 2016.
US Food and Drug Administration Guidance for Industry: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Use in Medical Product Development to Support Labeling Claims. Rockville: Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research; 2009. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidances/UCM193282.pdf.


text:
Q: bind won't start neither showing the error I have been using debian, so things are different in CentOS 7.
I was trying to setup bind however it fails to start. and doesn't show exact error.
Error :
systemctl status -l named.service
named.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service; enabled; vendor     preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2016-08-08 20:20:25 UTC; 8s ago
  Process: 8822 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" ==     "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf; else echo "Checking     of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone IP.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded     serial 2016082802
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded     serial 0
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone     1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN:     loaded serial 0
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs bash[8822]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs systemd[1]: named.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs systemd[1]: Failed to start Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS).
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs systemd[1]: Unit named.service entered failed state.
Aug 08 20:20:25 asdfs systemd[1]: named.service failed.

My reverse File:
$TTL 1d ;
$ORIGIN IP.IN-ADDR.ARPA.
@       IN      SOA     ns1.domain1.org.   info.domain1.org. (
                                   2016082802
                                   7200
                                   120
                                   2419200
                                   604800
)
    IN      NS      ns1.domain1.org.
    IN      NS      ns2.domain1.org.
1       IN      PTR     ns1.domain1.org.
2       IN      PTR     ns2.domain1.org.

@       IN      SOA     ns1.domain2.org.   info.domain2.org. (
                                   2016080931
                                   7200
                                   120
                                   2419200
                                   604800
)
    IN      NS      ns1.domain2.org.
    IN      NS      ns2.domain2.org.
1       IN      PTR     ns1.domain2.org.
2       IN      PTR     ns2.domain2.org.

My named.conf:
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//

options {
#       listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
#       listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory       "/var/named";
    dump-file       "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
    statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
    memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    allow-query     { localhost;MY.SERVER.IP.ADDRESS; };

    /*
     - If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
     - If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable
       recursion.
     - If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access
       control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
       cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification
       attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
       reduce such attack surface
    */
    recursion yes;

    dnssec-enable yes;
    dnssec-validation yes;
    dnssec-lookaside auto;

    /* Path to ISC DLV key */
    bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

    managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";

    pid-file "/run/named/named.pid";
    session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key";
};

logging {
    channel default_debug {
            file "data/named.run";
            severity dynamic;
    };
};

zone "." IN {
    type hint;
    file "named.ca";
};

zone "domain2.org" IN {
    type master;
    file "/etc/named/domains/domain2.db";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "domain1.org" IN {
    type master;
    file "/etc/named/domains/domain1.org.db";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "IP.in-addr.arpa" IN {
    type master;
    file "/etc/named/domains/reversefile.rev";
    allow-update { none; };
};

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";

Any help?

A: I guess it's the DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING environment variable. I bet you have it set somewhere, in the /etc/sysconfig/named as a wild guess.

A: Finally I figured it out. Actually in my named.conf file I had used allow-query { localhost; my.ip; }; and I wasn't using allow-transfer So i just swapped. In short I added following to my named.conf
allow-query { any; };
allow-transfer { localhost; server.ip; };

So its working now. Thank @yoonix for suggesting me about /var/log/messages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Accreditation for Cardiovascular Excellence (ACE) has awarded its first congenital heart disease (CHD) accreditation to Advocate Children's Hospital in Oak Lawn, IL. In achieving accreditation for the treatment of CHD in the pediatric and congenital cardiac catheterization laboratory (PCCL) setting, Advocate Children's Hospital has demonstrated that the hospital meets the highest standards of care in pediatric and congenital cardiac care.
As the global leader in catheter-based cardiovascular accreditation, ACE has the highest level of accreditation experience, a comprehensive database of more than 6,000 case reviews, and the depth and breadth of cardiovascular expertise to help hospitals maintain the highest standards of quality care, as recommended by professional literature and nationally accepted practice guidelines. CHD accreditation validates that patient outcomes at Advocate Children's Hospital meet or exceed those of comparable facilities in the ACE family of accredited facilities.
As part of Advocate Health Care, Advocate Children's Hospital is the largest network provider of pediatric services in Illinois and among the top 10 in the nation. The two main campuses are located in the Chicago metropolitan region – Oak Lawn in the southwest and Park Ridge in the northwest, with additional services accessible at other Advocate hospitals throughout the state. Designated as a Pediatric Critical Care Center, Advocate Children's Hospital offers the highest level of pediatric critical care and emergency care services, and serves as a major referral center for infants and children. Through a special, holistic approach, Advocate Children's Hospital combines some of the country's most respected medical talent with exceptional and compassionate care. In fact, Advocate Children's Hospital has been recognized by U.S. News & World Report as one of the nation's leaders in pediatric cardiology, and numerous physicians at the facility have been cited as being among the "Top Doctors" regionally and nationally in their respective fields.
ACE is the leader in and the only provider of accreditation for all catheter-based cardiovascular procedures. We have unique and proven experience in accrediting large hospital systems and peer-reviewed data on improving outcomes in cardiac catheterization laboratories. Accreditation is our business; we are an independent organization sponsored by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). ACE quality review and accreditation services play a critical role in continuous quality improvement programs, structured reporting and documentation. Join us. Learn more at http://www.cvexcel.org.


A few weeks ago a rapper tweeted "YOLO" when he was drunk driving and drifting around a corner doing 120mph, just moments before he hit a brick wall and died along with 3 friends in his car. He was in his twenties I believe, and when I read the article it hurt me to think of how someone can take life so lightly. He thought he was on top of the world, controlling his own destiny and living life to the fullest. I was in pain in the loss of young lives. Young men who never got to reach their full potential because of poor judgement…bad choices.
Through baptism by immersion we go under the water to die and be united in Christ in His death so we may live life anew like the Resurrected Savior Jesus Christ. As a result of my new life, among other things, the way I chose to react and interact with people and situations have changed.
That may sound like a small thing, but it's huge! If you can, through Jesus, start to live and think like Him, study His Word and understand how He intended us to live, when you just live to spread love and peace and you trust in the Lord for ALL your needs, what a liberating life you will have. That is truly living life to the fullest.
I'm not saying I'm better than anyone, I'm saying I'm better than I was! Living in the Light is a wonderful thing and clean and sober living is better than any night of drinking and partying that I experienced in my past.
I don't need to go on and on, but I wanted to write this post as a Thank You to Jesus, that YOLT and I'm loving it and I'm not taking it for granted.
Until next time. (and I promise it won't take me so long to post) I'm just tryingtobeamanofgod!
Its sad and tragic when people wave a fist at God and believe that they own their lives. Tsk, too young and too reckless.:( but if we look around us, that rapper was not alone, there are a lot who waste their lives "living the life". Sad.


Why Attraction Marketing is Important!!
Today Attraction Marketing is the buzz word on the Internet. The core concept of attraction marketing is to promote YOURSELF and not your company or business. You can have your Blog or Website running where you can Brand yourself and provide VALUE to the visitors.
How its different from Traditional marketing methods?
Attraction marketing is totally different from the conventional methods of marketing. Its not about cold calling, making a sales pitch, running behind the prospects. Rather it's the other way round. Its about building a relationship and rapport with your prospects, its about creating a trust level by providing information about yourself and providing them with some value. Therefore, you market yourself first, then your company and product.
Primarily you need to setup a Blog or a Website where in you can communicate, build relationship with the visitors on your website. Start with branding yourself before trying to sell them with anything else. Provide them with the information about yourself, people should know you first then only they will be interested in buying something from you. Think of yourself.. Would you be willing to buy something from a stranger or a know person.
Start writing articles and provide value to the visitors onto your website and start promoting your website over the internet using Search Engine Optimization (SEO).
SEO is important in order to get your articles found on the internet and drive traffic to your website. You can intelligently use specific keywords in your website to attract traffic. In order to get traffic on your website websites with good page rank can be used which allows you to write your articles and drop the link of your website at the end of the article. And if that article provide good value to the readers then it has higher probability that the readers will click on the given link and it will bring in more visitors on your website.
Make your presence felt on popular social networking websites like Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, etc. Give a brief about the article and drop a link to your website to drive traffic to your website.
Once your content is generating traffic and leads for your website then you need to build relationship with them. If they get value from you then they will buy what you have to offer. You can use Email auto-responders to build a long lasting rapport.
Remember attraction marketing is all about Branding yourself providing with quality content and value to the visitors on your website. Helping them in solving any challenges visitors have and hence building a relationship with them on the basis of trust. And sales of the products will take care of itself.
Great thoughts Vineet! I definitely believe that value is something that attracts and keeps our customers. As we all know, people don't buy products, they buy experiences. If we provide our customers value, and we show them that we care about their goal to succeed, they will learn to love and trust us. And that's when a good relationship starts.
Thanks for the response Vineet. Could not agree with you more. Have a great day/night!
you may be a great author.I will be sure to bookmark your blog and definitely will come back from now on.


text:
Thomasia laxiflora är en malvaväxtart som beskrevs av George Bentham. Thomasia laxiflora ingår i släktet Thomasia och familjen malvaväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Malvaväxter
laxiflora

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


NicTool Upgrade (from BIND) | The Network People, Inc.
Install NicTool Server and Client on your server. The server is preferably running a stable version of FreeBSD or CentOS and does not have anything else running on it. Installation requires MySQL, Apache, assorted perl modules and support programs and we prefer to install everything.
We will also configure your DNS servers and set up the export processes which pull the NicTool managed DNS data from MySQL and export it to your authoritative DNS servers. When we are finished, you can point your web browser at the DNS server, log in, and have full control over your DNS via an easy to use web interface.
We import all your legacy BIND zone data into NicTool. Additional charges may apply if you have a non-standard BIND configuration, multiple primary servers to import from, or an extremely large quantity (many thousands) of domains to import.
Sale Price: $320.00 / ea You Save: $80.00 (20%)!


text:
module FirstClickFree
  module Helpers
    module Google

      # Public: Determine whether the agent requesting the resource
      # is a Googlebot.
      #
      # This method operates by examining the User agent of the request.
      # If the appropriate configuration is activated, it will also
      # perform the necessary DNS requests to verify that the request
      # originates from Google.
      #
      # perform_dns_lookup -  Perform a DNS lookup to verify that the request
      #                       is originating from Google.
      #
      # Returns true if a Googlebot has been identified, false if not.
      def googlebot?(use_dns_lookup = true)
        (FirstClickFree.test_mode && params.key?(:googlebot)) ||\
        (request.user_agent.include?("Googlebot") && (use_dns_lookup ? verify_googlebot_domain : true))
      end

      private

      # Private: Perform a reverse and then forward DNS lookup to
      # verify that this request is coming from the correct domain
      # (googlebot.com).
      #
      # Returns true if the hostname ends with googlebot.com and the
      # forward DNS lookup IP address matches the request's remote IP address.
      def verify_googlebot_domain
        hostname = Resolv.getname(request.remote_ip)
        # Structure of lookup return is:
        # ["AF_INET", 80, "66.249.66.1", "66.249.66.1", 2, 2, 17]
        ip       = Socket.getaddrinfo(hostname, "http").first[2]

        hostname =~ /.googlebot.com\Z/ && ip == request.remote_ip
      end

    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Place a request
Request a fellow
About the process & Requirements
Current Support
Get involved as we grow
Posts by Matilda
Applications for 2019-2021 are now closed!
Applications for the next round of Oxford Policy Fellows have now closed. The Fellowship team will now begin an intensive period of applicant interviews, with the final selection being made by the governments in June 2019. We will announce the next cohort of Fellows then. Many thanks to all individuals who have[…]
Apply now to become a Fellow!
Are you looking for a change of legal career? Become an Oxford Policy Fellow and use your legal knowledge in an international development context. The Oxford Policy Fellowship is currently accepting applications from lawyers to join the programme and take up a two-year posting in a government ministry. Our Fellows work at the interface[…]
New Fellow recruitment to open 3rd December 2018!
Qualified lawyer? Interested in a once in a lifetime opportunity working in government? Looking for a change? The recruitment process for the fifth cohort of Oxford Policy Fellows will be going live on Monday 3rd December 2018 at 11am UK time. Applications will be accepted from 3rd December 2018 through to 01 February[…]
The Fellowship is recruiting a Programme Coordinator, apply now.
The Oxford Policy Fellowship Programme Coordinator role is an opportunity to be involved in a unique and exciting programme that supports governments across Africa and Asia in achieving their law and policy objectives. We are offering an interesting and exciting opportunity to work as a Programme Coordinator in our dynamic and fun[…]
Practitioner Insights: building government capacity from within
'Capacity building' is a much-used term, but a clear understanding eludes many practitioners. As part of the first cohort of Oxford Policy Fellows, I worked as an embedded legal advisor in the legal department of Djibouti's Ministry of Finance. This two-year position, with a remit of building local capacity in the long term and providing immediate gap filling, gave me a unique insight into the realities of building government capacity from within.
Third cohort of Oxford Policy Fellows start their postings across Africa and Asia
The third cohort of Oxford Policy Fellows have taken up their new positions in Africa and Asia. Before staring their two-year placement, the five new Oxford Policy Fellows took part in a pre-departure orientation and training week in the UK. Following their orientation, new Fellows got their first look into their new[…]
Second cohort of Oxford Policy Fellows appointed
Recruitment round for 2016 leads to appointment of six new Fellows in four countries. After months of government engagement, applications, and interviews, the second intake of Oxford Policy Fellows have been recruited, ready to take up their two-year placements in autumn of this year. New Fellows come from Kenya, the UK, the[…]
Applications for 2016 round now closed!
Apply to become an Oxford Policy Fellow
Click here for details on how to apply. The call for applications will close on 10 April 2016 at 23:59 GMT.
Call for applications for the next round of Fellows is open
The Oxford Policy Fellowship is recruiting for new Fellows. Applications are now open for the next round of Law & Policy Fellows. The Fellowship gives legal professionals the opportunity to work within a government in Sub-Saharan Africa as a civil servant reporting to local managers. With four Fellows already in post following[…]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import axios from "axios";

const id = "YOUR_CLIENT_ID";
const sec = "YOUR_SECRET_ID";
const params = `?client_id=${id}&client_secret=${sec}`;

function getUserInfo(username) {
  return axios.get(`https://api.github.com/users/${username + params}`);
}

function getRepos(username) {
  return axios.get(`https://api.github.com/users/${username}/repos${params}&per_page=100`);
}

function getTotalStars(repos) {
  return repos.data.reduce((prev, current) => prev + current.stargazers_count, 0);
}

async function getPlayersData(player) {
  try {
    const repos = await getRepos(player.login);
    const totalStars = await getTotalStars(repos);
    return {
      followers: player.followers,
      totalStars
    };
  } catch (e) {
    console.warn("Error in getPlayersData", e);
  }
}

function calculateScores(players) {
  return [
    players[0].followers * 3 + players[0].totalStars,
    players[1].followers * 3 + players[1].totalStars,
  ];
}

export async function getPlayersInfo (players) {
  try {
    const info = await Promise.all(players.map((username) => getUserInfo(username)));
    return info.map((user) => user.data);
  } catch (e) {
    console.warn("Error in getPlayersInfo:", e);
  }
}

export async function battle(players) {
  try {
    const playerOneData = getPlayersData(players[0]);
    const playerTwoData = getPlayersData(players[1]);
    const playerData = await Promise.all([playerOneData, playerTwoData]);

    return await calculateScores(playerData);
  } catch (error) {
    console.warn("Error in battle:", error);
  }
}


Female wolf spider (Lycosidae) on hand of Chris Buddle, McGill University. She is carrying an egg sac.
Speaker: Larry Weber, Teacher of 40 years, author of several books on nature of the North Woods.
Even though spiders are very common and live near us, most of us don't know much about the local species. We hear a lot about 'dangerous ones' and very large ones from other parts of the world but don't hear much about those nearby.
In this program, we will look at the spiders we might see in the region. We will note their hunting habits: with or without webs and examine their anatomy, life cycle and more.
Since this talk is about appreciating spiders, speaker Weber will welcome questions and identify live spiders brought to the presentation.
Larry Weber has recently retired from a 40-year career as a science teacher. He taught students from seventh grade up to graduate school. His awards include the Minnesota Secondary Science Teacher of the Year in 1993 and the National Biology Teacher Association's Middle School Life Science Teacher of the Year for 1998.
Larry writes a weekly phenology column for a local newspaper, presents phenology updates for two radio stations and is a regular contributor to the Minnesota Conservation Volunteer. He lives with his wife on an old farm in Carlton County, Minnesota where he watches, photographs and writes about critters.


text:
BBC Home > BBC News > England
Manchester children's services proposals discussed
Detailed proposals outlining how children's services can be delivered in Manchester following government cuts have been discussed by the council.
It has to save £170m over two years and is shedding 2,000 jobs - about 17% of its total workforce.
The plans include phasing out day care services, which at present meet 11% of the city's needs for under-5s.
The union Unison said it was concerned about the proposed changes and would be "working to protect staff".
Another proposed change is the introduction of an outreach worker for all parents of newborn babies.
'No longer afford'
A council spokesman said: "This new outreach approach builds on the success of a pilot scheme carried out in Ardwick to ensure vulnerable families are identified and supported as soon as possible - before their needs escalate.
"This will ensure that services are delivered to the right families at the right time."
Councillor Afzal Khan, executive member for children's services, said: "We believe our early years proposals will enable us to use our reduced resources to the best effect, supporting those most in need to give them the best start in life.
"However developing these proposals has involved taking some challenging decisions in the context of the financial settlement from central government."
If approved by the council's executive, the proposals will form the basis of a consultation running from 3 October to January 2012.
A spokesman for Unison said: 'Unison is concerned about the proposal to no longer directly provide day care for Manchester children.
"However we also recognise that the council's budget has been slashed. We will be working to protect staff within the process to take place over the next few years in what for many will be a difficult period.
"The government cuts in Manchester's funding were always going to mean real pain in terms of service closures, reduction in services and increased charges."
The proposed changes are expected to take place in phases up to March 2015.
Related to this story:
Protest march over council cuts (06 Mar 11 | Manchester)
Protest over Sure Start centres (26 Feb 11 | Manchester)
Related BBC sites
BBC Home


Argentinian banker and industrialist Julio Werthein was the visionary and instrumental driving force behind the creation of MERCOSUR. As a successful publisher, he had been a leading advocate of Latin American cultural and educational cooperation. As a leading patron of the arts, Julio Werthein had established a foundation for his activities in this field.
Designated UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 1995, Julio Werthein had worked alongside UNESCO to raise awareness of cultural and artistic values and the necessity for their preservation.
As a highly active advocate for environmental protection, he launched an educational campaign for the conservation of water resources, using his public status to enhance the campaign's impact.
Through his prominent position in economic and political life, he had spread UNESCO's message of peace, intercultural dialogue and environmental protection.
Julio Werthein passed away on September 22, 2013, at the age of 95.


For the best selection of pre-owned trucks in Richmond, Indiana, choose Grimm Automotive Sales Center. Here you will find a large inventory of pickup trucks from all the major brands for any budget. Whether you're looking for a light-duty truck or a heavy-hauler, you're sure to find it at Grimm Automotive Sales Center.
We are family owned and operated and serve drivers from across the region, including Muncie and Richmond. Be sure to ask our team about our many great financing options! We invite you to browse our complete inventory online or stop by and see all that we have to offer with a visit to our beautiful showroom. From all us at Grimm Automotive Sales Center, we look forward to meeting you.


text:
Q: SYBASE ASE 15.7 "blocksize" parameter in the "dump database" In ASE 15.7 , is the blocksize parameter in dump database beneficial for performance ? I am referring to the "blocksize" parameter, in the "dump database" command.
For example:
dump database pubs2 to 'compress::/tmp/backup_pubs1.dmp'
stripe on '/tmp/backup_pubs2.dmp'
with
init,
 notify=operator_console,
**blocksize=262144,**
compression=100
go

How can I verify if backup server is taking this value? I am checking the log of the dump but I see this all time:
enter image description here
Thank you!


Zwick guides his viewers through the entire timeline of Fischer's life, from his genesis as a boy genius mastering the chess clubs of New York City by the age of 10 to his life and trials as a pro-circuit player. The film culminates in a World Championship showdown that pits Fischer against the best Soviet Russian player and only previous opponent to hand him defeat, Boris Spassky (played by Liev Schreiber). The narrative does not extend into Fischer's later years, but Zwick smartly captures those years — as effectively as one can capture many years in five minutes — with documentary-esque footage of the real Bobby Fischer.
Zwick's rendition of Fischer's narrative is always filtered by a Cold War screen that continually reminds viewers of the movie's historical time and place. The Cold War is always present in this production, which is evidenced by the movie's constant competition between the USSR and the United States. The Cold War is also present in more subtle aspects of the narrative, such as the constant presence of random photographers, who follow Fischer and snap pictures of him.
This Cold War filter might feel overbearing and unnecessary in any other story — for example, the random inclusion of spying photographers who appear throughout the story but never contribute something consequential to the narrative. But given that "Pawn Sacrifice" follows Fischer's journey to the brink of insanity, a filter of constant and insane Cold War paranoia serves as the perfect parallel to Fischer's own developing insanity.
Fischer's developing insanity, which Zwick focuses on more than any other of the film's threads, limits Fischer as a character because he never shows any redemptive qualities. Viewers never once see anything likeable in Fischer, and his roboticism points either to a deliberate (but questionable) choice from a directing standpoint or to Maguire's inability to add variety to Fischer's character.
On the other hand, Fischer's Soviet Russian chess counterpart, Spassky, demonstrates his own obsessive genius in juxtaposition with real, sympathetic, human reactions. Schreiber adds all sorts of juicy, relatable life to the character of Spassky — despite the fact that a caricature rendition of Fischer's counterpart would serve the film's purpose — to tell the story of Bobby Fischer.
Schreiber's expert performance may lead one to believe that "Pawn Sacrifice" might have done better by focusing on the life and journey of Spassky rather than on that of Fischer. Nevertheless, "Pawn Sacrifice" is a succulent watch because it appeals to viewers with a number of interests — from the Cold War to complex chess strategy — which demonstrates a well-roundedness that makes the film well worth a trip to the cinema.
Contact Peter Alexander at [email protected].
The credit for a photo accompanying a previous version of this article misspelled the name of Bleecker Street Media.


text:
@interface FTRBaseIntegrationTest : XCTestCase

- (void)openTestViewNamed:(NSString *)name;

#pragma mark - XCTestCase

- (void)tearDown;

@end


On Thursday August 21st Team Canada will taking on our friends from across the border as they take go toe to toe with some of the most talented female boxers to hail from the United States. Canada is fielding a very strong team that consists of three of our top female boxers from Ontario. They include current Ontario Female Boxer of the Year Taveena Kum, Ringside Champion Amanda Galle, and Pan Am Gold Medalist Mary Spencer.
Make sure to tune in and cheer on our Ontario girls as they fight for Canadian Pride as the go up against some tough US competition. This is another step on the path way to getting ready for next year's Pan Am Games here in Toronto, which will feature some of the toughest boxers the Americas has ever seen!


text:
European Crayfish: food, flagships and ecosystem services
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text:
Q: RegEx digit (only 4 digit) and , I need validate digits and ', ' but with this condicions:

*

*Only groups of 4 digits separated with ','

*no use | (pipe) in the regex.

*no white space.

*No limit of groups (2345,2345,....n)

Examples:
1234 //correct
1234, //correct
8764,8745 //correct
8974,9874,4567,3456, //correct
8974,9874,4567,3456,2345,3456,3456 //correct

23 //incorrect
2344,23445657,8753 //incorrect
8475,2344565788,8753 //incorrect
8475,34 //incorrect
8475,34,5676,8890 //incorrect

My regex is:
^([\d]{4},?)+$ // but acept:  2344,23445657,8753 ->incorrect

A: ([\d]{4},?)+ says "4 numbers, and then an optional comma, one or more times, so it will happily accept 12345678 because that's four numbers, no comma (which matches the ,?) and then four numbers. What you want is "always first four numbers" because that's the minimal pattern it needs to match, followed by zero or more groups that have to start with a comma, and finally, an isolated optional comma.
^\d{4}(,\d{4})*,?$
And to verify, we use regex101: https://regex101.com/r/o5MhS9/1

A: A simple solution is
^(\d{4},)*(\d{4})?$

The empty string is not considered by the test cases so it's unclear if it's correct or not.

A: I imagine you want to use this for validation purposes when submitting something.  Regex is a nice tool, but it could give you some undesired behaviors like give you multiple positives.
I wonder if it would be better to create something that breaks down your string and evaluates each piece, like:

let valid1 = "1234,1234,1234";
let valid2 = "1234,1234,1234,4565";
let invalid1 = "1234,1234,12341";
let invalid2 = "1234,12312344,1231";

function validateFourDigitsCommaSeparated(stringToValidate)
{
    let sequences = stringToValidate.split(',');
    let hasInvalidSequence = false;
    let hasValidSequence = false;
    let fourDigitExactlyRegex = /^\d{4}$/;

    sequences.forEach(function(sequence)
      {
        if(sequence.match(fourDigitExactlyRegex))
        {
          hasValidSequence = true;
        }
        else {
          hasInvalidSequence = true;
        }
      }
    );

    return hasValidSequence && hasInvalidSequence === false;
}

console.log('valid1', valid1, validateFourDigitsCommaSeparated(valid1));
console.log('valid2', valid2, validateFourDigitsCommaSeparated(valid1));
console.log('invalid1', invalid1, validateFourDigitsCommaSeparated(invalid1));
console.log('invalid2', invalid2, validateFourDigitsCommaSeparated(invalid2));


text:
Blu-ray: Avoid It
Sale Price 20.49
3rd Party 16.99
Release Date: October 8th, 2013
Review Date October 27th, 2013 by Bryan Kluger
Overview - When a street drug turns junkies into an army of giant, mutant flesh-eaters, no hope is left - but one man remains. Hunter's got nothing left but a beat-up Camero, a trunk full of guns and booze, and a vendetta. He crashes into a small group of survivors, led by an ax-wielding priest named Jesus (Danny Trejo). They're searching for the promised land - but does it even exist? They better pray for a miracle, because the zombies are hot on their heels. And the psychotic clown with a chainsaw? You don't even wanna know.
Technical Specs: 25GB Blu-ray
Video Resolution/Codec: "1080p"/AVC MPEG-4
English Descriptive Audio: English: DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1
Subtitles/Captions: None
Special Features: Trailer
Movie Studio: Well Go USA
'Zombie Hunter' is one of the worst zombie films I have ever seen. Granted, I love watching horror films and anything with zombies, but I couldn't find one thing I enjoyed in watching this horrid excuse for filmmaking, besides the few minutes Danny Trejo is on screen. This happens to be one of those instances where the flick was probably made a while ago and was shelved until the recent 'Machete' sequel was released in theaters.
And to make matters worse, Trejo's face takes up most of the cover of the film, as they are trying to bill him as the star of the movie, which is definitely not the case. Even his name is printed on the cover, however he only has a few minutes of screen-time and manages to kill a few monsters. If you notice at the very bottom of the cover art, there is a very small image of a guy named Martin Copping, who is the actual star here, but you won't see his name anywhere on the disc.
Martin Copping plays Hunter, who drives a Camaro, drinks too much, and is one of the biggest douchebags on this post apocalyptic planet that is overrun by zombies and monsters. Hunter also has a trunk full of weapons to use whenever he comes across a zombie, and always seems to be a perfect shot no matter how much he has had to drink.
He runs into a group of survivors led by a preacher named Jesus (Trejo), who is a calm and collected man, but when monsters and zombies attack, he turns into an axe wielding killing machine. Hunter reluctantly joins the group as they try to find the perfect place to avoid the monsters and possibly find a cure to the zombie apocalypse, as we see that this horrific event started when a bad batch of street drugs called 'Natas' hit the streets and turned everyone into flesh hungry and blood thirsty monsters. (Read 'Natas' backwards and sigh.)
If director Kevin King's goal was to give his audience an epileptic seizure and not show good zombie kills on screen, then he fully succeeded. Every time there is an action scene in this movie, the coloring of the image turns to purple, red, or blue, switching between quick cuts and slow motion. Add to that some of the worst special effects in recent memory, especially when some of the giant monsters attack and when blood is spilled. It's so pixelated and fake that it makes the old TV show 'Reboot' look Oscar worthy.
There are evil clowns with chainsaws, zombies, and mutant monsters around every corner, and since every character besides Trejo's Jesus is unlikable, you pray that each survivor will meet a gruesome death sooner than later so that the movie will end quicker. Even at 93 minutes, the movie goes on an hour too long. The acting is atrocious, the script is garbage, the special effects look like they were done by someone's eight-year old cousin, and the action scenes are anti-climatic. The only semi-decent thing is Trejo himself, but if you blink twice, you'll miss him.
25GB Blu-ray
"1080p"/AVC MPEG-4
'Zombie Hunter' comes with an average 1080p HD transfer and is presented in 2.35:1 aspect ratio. The detail for the most part is fairly sharp, when the color grading is normal. Closeups show fine facial hair and wound nicely. However, throughout the entire film, the director chose to color some of the scenes in primary colors completely, and that's where things go very soft. Also, when some of the CG monsters show up, the effects are so bad that it hurts the entire image and pixelates it. Hell, even some of the monster's shadows are non-existent.
Black levels don't always run deep and inky here and flesh tones seem muted from time to time as well. There are some compression issues in the CG heavy scenes, but no evidence of any dirt or scratches on the print. This is by no means a good video presentation, but it's not the worst I've seen.
This release comes with a lossless DTS-HD 5.1 audio mix. The audio portion of this disc is probably the best thing about this release. It's loud, well balanced, and sounds better than expected. The dialogue is always crystal clear and easy to understand. The sound effects pour nicely through the surrounds with gun shots flying by, zombies growling, and chainsaws rumbling in the distance. The directionality sounds good here with a wide dynamic range, too. For as horrible as this release is, this audio track is great.
Trailer (HD, 2 mins) - Trailer for the film.
'Zombie Hunter' is a terrible film and one of the worst zombie films ever made. Don't let the cover fool you. Trejo isn't in it much, and the others who said yes to this movie are unlikable. This is a mess of a film on every level. The video presentation isn't great, and the only extra is a trailer. At least the audio sounds impressive, but unless you're a super fan of Trejo, stay far away from this film.


text:
class CFWL_Widget;
class CFWL_WidgetProperties;
class CFWL_Edit;
class CFWL_Edit : public CFWL_Widget {
 public:
  static CFWL_Edit* Create();
  FWL_ERR Initialize(const CFWL_WidgetProperties* pProperties = NULL);
  FWL_ERR SetText(const CFX_WideString& wsText);
  int32_t GetTextLength() const;
  FWL_ERR GetText(CFX_WideString& wsText,
                  int32_t nStart = 0,
                  int32_t nCount = -1) const;
  FWL_ERR ClearText();
  int32_t GetCaretPos() const;
  int32_t SetCaretPos(int32_t nIndex, FX_BOOL bBefore = TRUE);
  FWL_ERR AddSelRange(int32_t nStart, int32_t nCount = -1);
  int32_t CountSelRanges();
  int32_t GetSelRange(int32_t nIndex, int32_t& nStart);
  FWL_ERR ClearSelections();
  int32_t GetLimit();
  FWL_ERR SetLimit(int32_t nLimit);
  FWL_ERR SetAliasChar(FX_WCHAR wAlias);
  FWL_ERR SetFormatString(const CFX_WideString& wsFormat);
  FWL_ERR Insert(int32_t nStart, const FX_WCHAR* lpText, int32_t nLen);
  FWL_ERR DeleteSelections();
  FWL_ERR DeleteRange(int32_t nStart, int32_t nCount = -1);
  FWL_ERR ReplaceSelections(const CFX_WideStringC& wsReplace);
  FWL_ERR Replace(int32_t nStart,
                  int32_t nLen,
                  const CFX_WideStringC& wsReplace);
  FWL_ERR DoClipboard(int32_t iCmd);
  FX_BOOL Redo(const CFX_ByteStringC& bsRecord);
  FX_BOOL Undo(const CFX_ByteStringC& bsRecord);
  FWL_ERR SetTabWidth(FX_FLOAT fTabWidth, FX_BOOL bEquidistant);
  FWL_ERR SetNumberRange(int32_t iMin, int32_t iMax);
  FWL_ERR SetBackColor(FX_DWORD dwColor);
  FWL_ERR SetFont(const CFX_WideString& wsFont, FX_FLOAT fSize);
  FX_BOOL CanUndo();
  FX_BOOL CanRedo();
  FX_BOOL Undo();
  FX_BOOL Redo();
  FX_BOOL Copy(CFX_WideString& wsCopy);
  FX_BOOL Cut(CFX_WideString& wsCut);
  FX_BOOL Paste(const CFX_WideString& wsPaste);
  FX_BOOL Delete();
  void SetScrollOffset(FX_FLOAT fScrollOffset);
  FX_BOOL GetSuggestWords(CFX_PointF pointf, CFX_ByteStringArray& sSuggest);
  FX_BOOL ReplaceSpellCheckWord(CFX_PointF pointf,
                                const CFX_ByteStringC& bsReplace);
  CFWL_Edit();
  virtual ~CFWL_Edit();
};
#endif


ABC, CBS and NBC…favored critics of the Patriot Act. Of 23 soundbites from "experts" (such as law professors or ex-FBI agents), 61 percent faulted the law as a threat to privacy rights. Of 19 soundbites from ordinary citizens, every one condemned the Patriot Act, despite polls showing most Americans support the Patriot Act and believe it has prevented new acts of terrorism.
Most of the network coverage of Guantanamo Bay focused on charges that the captured al-Qaeda terrorists were due additional rights or privileges (100 stories) or allegations that detainees were being mistreated or abused (105 stories). Only 39 stories described the inmates as dangerous, and just six stories revealed that ex-detainees had committed new acts of terror after being released. ….
Most network stories (59%) cast the NSA's post 9/11 terrorist surveillance program as either legally dubious or outright illegal…. Only 21 stories (16%) focused on the program's value as a weapon in the War on Terror.
ABC, CBS, and NBC were five times more likely to showcase experts who criticized the NSA's surveillance program. Of 75 total soundbites, 41 of them (55%) condemned the program, compared to just eight (11%) from experts who found it worth praising. The CBS Evening News has so far refused to show any pro-NSA experts.
The debate is not about whether reporters can challenge a president and his policies during a time of war. Of course they can. But the networks have chosen to highlight the complaints of those who paint the Bush administration as a danger equal to or greater than the terrorists themselves. Reporters could have spent the past five years challenging the administration with an agenda most Americans share, demanding that the government do everything within its lawful powers to protect the public and prevent another attack. Instead, liberal reporters have opted to join the ACLU in fretting that the War on Terror has already gone too far.…..
"Reporters could have spent the past five years challenging the administration with an agenda most Americans share, demanding that the government do everything within its lawful powers to protect the public and prevent another attack."?