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Resources › Blog › How Can Art Make Our Summer Community Powerful?
How Can Art Make Our Summer Community Powerful?
With the pieces woven together it symbolized a larger story of the values that unite the Girls Leadership family.
We learn to be brave in the face of adversity and uncertainty.
We listen to our inner voice and stay true to our unique selves.
We keep things light by making learning interactive and engaging.
At Girls Leadership's Summer Program Reunion, girls reconnect with friends, celebrate the magic of their previous summer together, and play in the snow. This fun-filled weekend tradition is now in its 6th year, and last January, more than fifty 6th through 12th graders gathered at the YMCA Greenkill Retreat Center in Huguenot, NY.
The weekend was a mini version of our 10-15 day summer program at Mount Holyoke in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Girls re-entered a safe and rewarding community, where they were encouraged to be their authentic selves, take healthy risks in a supportive environment, and use their voice to speak up for themselves and others. They slept in bunks, took hikes through the woods, made art, and enjoyed some much needed downtime by roasting marshmallows over a fire and belly-laughing through a round of Pterodactyl. It was a tight sisterhood and living proof that the bonds formed over the summer continue to hold fast throughout the school year.
If you talk to our Summer Program Director, Cora Garner, you will quickly realize this thriving community wasn't an accident. Cora and her staff were very intentional about planning the social and emotional lessons that have become the hallmark of the Girls Leadership experience. This talented team of educators has years of experience creating environments that allow young people to explore their multiple identities and flourish. They are role models, older siblings, allies, and coaches who are invested in making sure every girl realizes that her voice matters.
Group Discussion: What do you love about being a part of this community?
Individual Drawing Time: Give the group 15 minutes to work individually on drawing their concept. Play relaxing music as they work.
Group Discussion: Ask the group what the quilt tells them about their community, how it makes them feel to be a part of this community, and what similarities or differences they see in their quilt squares.
Follow-Up: Display the quilt for new and returning community members.
Ready to experience Summer Overnight Program 2018?


text:
The Low-Sal Life
Managing a healthy life with salicylate sensitivity
What are salicylates?
Food/Product Lists
Food/Product Directory
Find a Research Study
Salicylate Calculator
Website and Blogs
Blog/YouTube
Last Updated: January 10 2021
Research on Salicylate Sensitivity
For every article referenced I tried my very best to track down the open-sourced full text pdf to post. If only an abstract is linked, I am unable to post the full text article for you for copyright reasons. However, I likely have it in my personal collection. Please feel free to contact me (form at bottom) if you have a question about an article. I will be doing my best to talk about research articles on YouTube, especially when the full-text is unavailable for the public. Many scientists don't mind if you contact them directly (find their lab, clinic, or university) and ask them for the full article. They often have the ability to send it to you. I am adding to this list weekly. Oh, and by the way, I don't think one should have to pay for information, but that's another conversation for another day.
These resources below were probably some of the most important when I first got started.
Food can make you ill: http://www.foodcanmakeyouill.co.uk/salicylate-in-food.html
Feingold.org: http://www.feingold.org/sas.html
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) elimination diet and charts:https://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/rpa/allergy/resources/foodintol/handbook.html
Fedup Australia: https://www.fedup.com.au/factsheets/additive-and-natural-chemical-factsheets/salicylates Covers other chemical sensitivities (Amines, sulphites, etc and how to do an eliminiation diet to figure out which ones you're sensitive to).
AAAAI: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology: https://www.aaaai.org
Food Intolerance Network: https://www.food-intolerance-network.com Useful information about lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, histamine intolerance, gluten intolerance or coeliac disease, and much more.
Tested Foods - Research Studies Testing Levels of Salicylates
Malakar S, Gibson P R, Barrett J, Muir J G. Naturally occurring dietary salicylates: A closer look at common Australian foods. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2017; 57:31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2016.12.008. View full pdf at: https://www.fedup.com.au/images/stories/Malakarsalicylate2017.pdf.
Swain AR, Dutton SP, Truswell AS. Salicylates in foods. J Am Diet Assoc. 1985;85(8):950–960. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4019987. View full pdf at: https://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/rpa/allergy/research/salicylatesinfoods.pdf
Kęszycka PK, Szkop M, Gajewska D. Overall Content of Salicylic Acid and Salicylates in Food Available on the European Market. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(50):11085-11091. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04313
Wood A, Baxter G, Thies F, Kyle J, Duthie G. A systematic review of salicylates in foods: estimated daily intake of a Scottish population. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011;55 Suppl 1:S7–S14. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000408. View abstract: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21351247/.
Identified that salicylates are found in alcoholic drinks, herbs and spices, fruit, juices, tomato based sauces and vegetables. Provides the levels of salicylic acid found in each food tested.
Scotter MJ, Roberts DP., Wilson LA, Howard FA., Davis J, Mansell N. Free salicylic acid and acetyl salicylic acid content of foods using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry. 2007;105(1):273-279. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.007
Venema, D P, Hollman, P C, Janssen, K P, Katan, M B. Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in foods, using HPLC with fluorescence detection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1996; 44(7):1782–1787. Read abstract at: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf950458y.
Robertson, G and Kermode, W. Salicylic acid in fresh and canned fruit and vegetables. Journal of Science and Food and Agriculture. 1981; 32: 833-836. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740320813. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.2740320813.
Edyta Protasiuk, Małgorzata Olejnik. Residues of salicylic acid and its metabolites in hen plasma, tissues and eggs as a result of animal treatment and consumption of naturally occurring salicylates. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2020, 51 , 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1744740
Skypala IJ, Williams M, Reeves L, Meyer R, Venter C. Sensitivity to food additives, vaso-active amines and salicylates: a review of the evidence. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:34. Published 2015 Oct 13. doi:10.1186/s13601-015-0078-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604636/pdf/13601_2015_Article_78.pdf
Research articles supporting that salicylates (including other food chemicals) may negatively impact health
General poor symptoms
Baenkler HW. Salicylate intolerance: pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2008;105(8):137–142. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0137. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696737.
George, R et al. Frequency of reactions to foods containing natural salicylates in aspirin sensitive patients. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000; 105(1):S135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90837-6. Read conference summary: https://www.jacionline.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0091-6749%2800%2990837-6.
44% of patients screened who have had hives or asthma from aspirin reaction also declare sensitivity to foods high in natural salicylates (natural aspirin compounds). Symptoms manifest as respiratory issues, urticaria (hives and skin issues), Oral Allergy Syndrome, throat swelling, flushing, and general feeling of being unwell. Many patients reacted to more than just one food. This is a conference summary/feasibility study to launch more research.
Skypala IJ, Williams M, Reeves L, Meyer R, Venter C. Sensitivity to food additives, vaso-active amines and salicylates: a review of the evidence. Clin Transl Allergy. 2015;5:34. Published 2015 Oct 13. doi:10.1186/s13601-015-0078-3 Full text at: https://ctajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13601-015-0078-3
Baenkler HW. Salicylate intolerance: pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2008;105(8):137-142. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2008.0137 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696737. Estimates that
Laura Maintz, Natalija Novak, Histamine and histamine intolerance, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 85, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages 1185–1196, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1185. Full text article: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/5/1185/4633007
Kenichi Azuma, Iwao Uchiyama, Takahiko Katoh, Hiromitsu Ogata, Keiichi Arashidani & Naoki Kunugita (2015) Prevalence and Characteristics of Chemical Intolerance: A Japanese Population-Based Study, Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 70:6, 341-353, DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.926855. View abstract: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19338244.2014.926855. Japanese study estimates that 7.5% of population is sensitive to natural food chemicals.
Asthma/Lung Issues
Hodge L, Yan KY, Loblay RL. Assessment of food chemical intolerance in adult asthmatic subjects. Thorax. 1996;51(8):805–809. doi:10.1136/thx.51.8.805. Full article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC472547/?tool=pubmed.
Identification of food chemical intolerance in asthmatic subjects can be reliably assessed by changes in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Strict dietary elimination prior to testing and then measurement of FEV1 after double blind food chemical challenge remains the most reliable method for the detection of food chemical intolerance in asthmatic subjects. Chemicals test included: metabisulphite, aspirin, monosodium glutamate, artificial food colours, and sodium nitrite/ nitrate.
Park HS, Lim YS, Suh JE, Rhu NS, Cho DI, Kim JW. Sodium salicylate sensitivity in an asthmatic patient with aspirin sensitivity. J Korean Med Sci. 1991;6(2):113‐117. doi:10.3346/jkms.1991.6.2.113. Read article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3049690/pdf/1751016.pdf.
Digestion (unrelated to gluten-sensitivity)
Malakar S. Bioactive food chemicals and gastrointestinal symptoms: a focus of salicylates. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32 Suppl 1:73-77. doi:10.1111/jgh.13702
Stein, Herbert L. MD (Retired) Annatto and IBS, Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology: November-December 2009 - Volume 43 - Issue 10 - p 1014-1015 doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181ae4e1b https://journals.lww.com/jcge/fulltext/2009/11000/annatto_and_ibs.27.aspx
Wife had IBS for 40 years and after a trip to Europe with no symptoms they figured out it was annatto in her foods.
Marlene Stein's video she made: https://youtu.be/nguk5ca8rfc
Raithel M, Baenkler HW, Naegel A, et al. Significance of salicylate intolerance in diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005;56 Suppl 5:89-102. Full text article: http://www.eaaci.org/attachments/9c%20-%20raithelSalicylINT.pdf
Gluten-related articles
Faulkner-Hogg KB, Selby WS, Loblay RH. Dietary analysis in symptomatic patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet: the role of trace amounts of gluten and non-gluten food intolerances. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1999;34(8):784–789. doi:10.1080/003655299750025714. Read abstract: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499479.
31 Celiac Disease patients with continued GI symptoms while following a strict gluten-free diet, participated in an open and double blind study by going on a strict food chemical elimination diet. 77% (24 participants) had improvement in their symptoms and they discovered that amines, salicylates, and soy provoked their symptoms.
Skin issues including hives (urticaria)
Thune P, Granholt A. Provocation tests with antiphlogistica and food additives in recurrent urticaria. Dermatologica. 1975;151(6):360‐367. doi:10.1159/000251361. Abstract from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1228011/
100 patients (53 women, 47 men) suffering from recurrent urticaria were tested with different food additives such as 8 dye additives, 7 preservatives and 7 antiphlogistica. In total did 62 patients react with urticaria and/or angio-oedema.
Ros AM, Juhlin L, Michaëlsson G. A follow-up study of patients with recurrent urticaria and hypersensitivity to aspirin, benzoates and azo dyes. Br J Dermatol. 1976;95(1):19‐24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15532.x. View Abstract: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/952737.
We have studied seventy-five patients with recurrent urticaria and angio-oedema of more than 4 months duration and with positive provocation tests to aspirin, azo dyes, and/or benzoates. Cross-reactions between the test compounds were common. The patients were recommended to be on a diet free from salicylates, benzoates, and azo dyes. They were then followed for 6-24 months. At the follow-up, 24% were free from symptoms, 57% considered themselves much better and 19% stated that they were slightly better or unchanged. All patients had followed the diet for at least 1-3 months. Most of those who became totally free of symptoms did not continue with the diet, while most of the patients who considered themselves much better found that it was necessary to continue on the recommended diet. They usually developed symptoms as soon as they ingested something containing azo dyes or benzoates.
Juhlin L, Michaëlsson G, and Zetterström O. Urticaria and asthma induced by food-and-drug additives in patients with aspirin hypersensitivity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1972; 50(2): 92-98. ISSN 0091-6749. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(72)90004-8. Read abstract: https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(72)90004-8/abstract
Seven of 8 recently investigated aspirin-sensitive patients reacted with asthma, urticaria, or both after 1 to 2 mg. of the azobenzene dye, tartrazine. Tartrazine is commonly used as a food and drug color and a daily intake of several milligrams is possible. The patients also reacted to some benzoic acid derivatives. All of these food-and-drug additives may be difficult to avoid. It is important, therefore, that they are properly identified since they are dangerous for certain patients with asthma and urticaria.
Children/Infants
Anderson J. Food-chemical intolerance in the breastfed infant. Breastfeed Rev. 2013;21(1):17–20. Read abstract: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23600324.
The investigation of adverse food reactions can be complex and ideally should be guided and monitored by a dietitian experienced in the field. Maternal elimination diets require high motivation and must include all important nutrients.
Studies that promote hope for healing and treatments - please check with your doctor!
What can you consume?
Cruz L, Castañeda-Hernández G, Navarrete A. Ingestion of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum) reduces salicylate bioavailability after oral aspirin administration in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999;77(6):441-446. View abstract: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10537230/
Broader Studies that can include Salicylates
Fragrance Studies
Also see Chemical Sensitivity since most of these overlap.
Steinemann, Anne. Ten questions concerning fragrance-free policies and indoor environments. Building and Environment, Volume 159, 2019, 106054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.052.
Full pdf from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132319302148.
Indoor air quality is an international concern, linked with adverse effects on health and productivity. A common source of indoor air pollutants is fragranced consumer products, such as air fresheners, cleaning supplies, and personal care products. Exposure to fragranced products has been associated with health problems, such as breathing difficulties and migraine headaches, as well as lost workdays and loss of access in society. This paper presents and answers ten questions to explore fragrance-free policies within indoor built environments. Using a set of 60 fragrance-free policies, it analyzes who, what, where, when, why, and how policies are implemented. It then examines potential benefits of fragrance-free policies, such as avoided costs from illness and lost workdays, as well as challenges. The paper concludes with guidance and research directions for the future.
Steinemann, A. International prevalence of fragrance sensitivity. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 891–897 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00699-4. Full pdf from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00699-4.
This study investigates effects of fragranced consumer products on the general population in four countries: United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and Sweden. Nationally representative population surveys (n = 1137; 1098; 1100; 1100) found that, across the four countries, 32.2% of adults (34.7%, 33.0%, 27.8%, 33.1% respectively) report fragrance sensitivity; that is, adverse health effects from fragranced consumer products. For instance, 17.4% report health problems from air fresheners or deodorizers, and 15.7% from being in a room cleaned with scented products. Commonly reported health problems include respiratory difficulties (16.7%), mucosal symptoms (13.2%), migraine headaches (12.6%), skin rashes (9.1%), and asthma attacks (7.0%). For 9.5% of the population, the severity of health effects can be considered disabling. Further, 9.0% of the population have lost workdays or lost a job, in the past year, due to illness from fragranced product exposure in the workplace. Personal estimated costs due to these lost workdays and lost jobs, across the four countries in one year, exceed $146 billion (USD). A majority of people across the countries would prefer that workplaces, health care facilities and professionals, hotels, and airplanes were fragrance-free rather than fragranced. The study highlights a concern for public health and societal well-being, as well as an approach to reduce risks and costs: reduce exposure to fragranced products.
Steinemann, A., Nematollahi, N., Rismanchi, B. et al. Pandemic products and volatile chemical emissions. Air Qual Atmos Health (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00912-9. Full pdf available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-020-00912-9.
The recent pandemic (COVID-19) has seen a sweeping and surging use of products intended to clean and disinfect, such as air sprays, hand sanitizers, and surface cleaners, many of which contain fragrance. However, exposure to fragranced cleaning products has been associated with adverse effects on human health. Products can emit a range of volatile chemicals, including some classified as hazardous, but relatively few ingredients are disclosed to the public. Thus, relatively little is known about the specific emissions from these products. This study investigates the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from "pandemic products" that are being used frequently and extensively in society. In addition, among these emissions, this study identifies potentially hazardous compounds, compares so-called green and regular versions of products, and examines whether ingredients are disclosed to the public. All products emitted potentially hazardous compounds. Comparing regular products and green products, no significant difference was found in the emissions of the most prevalent compounds. Further, among the 399 compounds emitted, only 4% of all VOCs and 11% of potentially hazardous VOCs were disclosed on any product label or safety data sheet. This study reveals that pandemic products can generate volatile emissions that could pose risks to health, that could be unrecognized, and that could be reduced, such as by using fragrance-free versions of products.
Steinemann, A. The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy. Air Qual Atmos Health (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00928-1. Full pdf available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-020-00928-1.
This paper examines the issue of fragranced consumer products and its science and policy dimensions, with a focus on the implications for air quality and human health. Results include new findings and new questions for future research directions.
Steinemann, A. International prevalence of chemical sensitivity, co-prevalences with asthma and autism, and effects from fragranced consumer products. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 519–527 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00672-1. Full pdf from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00672-1.
This study investigated the prevalence of chemical sensitivity in four countries—the United States (US), Australia (AU), Sweden (SE), and the United Kingdom (UK). In addition, it investigated the co-prevalence of chemical sensitivity with medically diagnosed multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS), fragrance sensitivity (health problems from fragranced products), asthma/asthma-like conditions, and autism/autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Results found that, across the four countries, 19.9% of the population report chemical sensitivity, 7.4% report medically diagnosed MCS, 21.2% report either or both, and 32.2% report fragrance sensitivity. In addition, 26.0% of the population report asthma/asthma-like conditions, of which 42.6% report chemical sensitivity and 57.8% fragrance sensitivity. Also, 4.5% of the population report autism/ASDs, of which 60.6% report chemical sensitivity and 75.8% fragrance sensitivity. Among individuals with chemical sensitivity, 55.4% also report asthma/asthma-like conditions, 13.5% autism/ASDs, and 82.0% fragrance sensitivity. Although the prevalence of chemical sensitivity across the countries is statistically different, its co-prevalences with other conditions are statistically similar. Results also found that, for 44.1% of individuals with chemical sensitivity, the severity of health effects from fragranced products can be potentially disabling. Further, 28.6% of those with chemical sensitivity have lost workdays or a job, in the past year, due to exposure to fragranced products in the workplace. Results indicate that chemical sensitivity is widespread across the four countries, affecting over 61 million people, that vulnerable individuals such as those with asthma and autism are especially affected, and that fragranced consumer products can contribute to the adverse health, economic, and societal effects.
Steinemann, A., Nematollahi, N. Migraine headaches and fragranced consumer products: an international population-based study. Air Qual Atmos Health 13, 387–390 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-020-00807-9. Read abstract: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-020-00807-9.
Fragranced consumer products, such as air fresheners and cleaning supplies, have been associated with health problems including migraine headaches. This study investigates the prevalence of migraines associated with exposure to fragranced products. Nationally representative population surveys (n = 4435) across four countries—the United States (US), Australia (AU), the United Kingdom (UK), and Sweden (SE)—found that, on average, 12.6% of adults report migraine headaches when exposed to fragranced products (15.7% US, 10.0% AU, 8.4% UK, 16.1% SE). Among those individuals, 43.2% report migraines from air fresheners or deodorizers, 15.0% from the scent of laundry products coming from a dryer vent, 39.9% from being in a room cleaned with scented products, 53.7% from being near someone wearing a fragranced product, and 45.7% from other types of fragranced products. Furthermore, 30.6% of these individuals have lost workdays or lost a job, in the past year, due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace. Findings from this study indicate that migraine headaches can be associated with fragranced consumer products, and that reducing exposure could reduce adverse health and societal effects.
Steinemann, A., Goodman, N. Fragranced consumer products and effects on asthmatics: an international population-based study. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 643–649 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00693-w. Read full article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00693-w.
This study investigates the health and societal effects of fragranced products on asthmatics in four countries: United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and Sweden. Nationally representative population surveys (n = 1137; 1098; 1100; 1100) found that, across the four countries, 26.0% of adults (n = 1151) are asthmatic, reporting medically diagnosed asthma (15.8%), an asthma-like condition (11.1%), or both. Among these asthmatics, 57.8% report adverse health effects, including asthma attacks (25.0%), respiratory problems (37.7%), and migraine headaches (22.6%), from exposure to fragranced products. In particular, 36.7% of asthmatics report health problems from air fresheners or deodorizers, 18.1% from the scent of laundry products coming from a dryer vent, 32.9% from being in a room cleaned with scented products, 38.7% from being near someone wearing a fragranced product, and 37.5% from other types of fragranced products. For 24.1% of asthmatics, health problems from fragranced products are potentially disabling. Further, 20.6% of asthmatics have lost workdays or lost a job, in the past year, due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace. Fragrance-free environments received widespread support. More than twice as many individuals, both asthmatics as well as non-asthmatics, would prefer that workplaces, health care facilities and professionals, airplanes, and hotels were fragrance-free rather than fragranced. This study provides evidence that asthmatics can be profoundly, adversely, and disproportionately affected by exposure to fragranced consumer products. Moreover, the study points to a relatively straightforward and cost-effective approach to reduce risks; namely, to reduce exposure to fragranced products.
Steinemann, A. Fragranced consumer products: effects on asthmatics. Air Qual Atmos Health 11, 3–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-017-0536-2. Full pdf available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-017-0536-2.
This study investigates the prevalence and types of effects of fragranced products on asthmatics in the American population. Using a nationally representative sample (n = 1137), data were collected with an on-line survey of adults in the USA, of which 26.8% responded as being medically diagnosed with asthma or an asthma-like condition. Results indicate that 64.3% of asthmatics report one or more types of adverse health effects from fragranced products, including respiratory problems (43.3%), migraine headaches (28.2%), and asthma attacks (27.9%). Overall, asthmatics were more likely to experience adverse health effects from fragranced products than non-asthmatics (prevalence odds ratio [POR] 5.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.34–7.64). In particular, 41.0% of asthmatics report health problems from air fresheners or deodorizers, 28.9% from scented laundry products coming from a dryer vent, 42.3% from being in a room cleaned with scented products, and 46.2% from being near someone wearing a fragranced product. Of these effects, 62.8% would be considered disabling under the definition of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Yet 99.3% of asthmatics are exposed to fragranced products at least once a week. Also, 36.7% cannot use a public restroom if it has an air freshener or deodorizer, and 39.7% would enter a business but then leave as quickly as possible due to air fresheners or some fragranced product. Further, 35.4% of asthmatics have lost workdays or a job, in the past year, due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace.
Steinemann, A., Wheeler, A.J. & Larcombe, A. Fragranced consumer products: effects on asthmatic Australians. Air Qual Atmos Health 11, 365–371 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0560-x. View full pdf at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-018-0560-x.
This study investigated the prevalence and types of health problems associated with exposure to fragranced products among asthmatic Australians. Nationally representative cross-sectional data were obtained in June 2016 with an online survey of adult Australians (n = 1098), of which 28.5% were medically diagnosed with asthma or an asthma-like condition. Nationally, 55.6% of asthmatics, and 23.9% of non-asthmatics, report adverse health effects after exposure to fragranced products. Specifically, 24.0% of asthmatics report an asthma attack. Moreover, 18.2% of asthmatics lost workdays or a job in the past year due to fragranced products in the workplace. Over 20% of asthmatics are unable to access public places and restrooms that use air fresheners. Exposure to fragranced products is associated with health problems, some potentially serious, in an estimated 2.2 million asthmatic adult Australians. Asthmatics were proportionately more affected than non-asthmatics (prevalence odds ratio 3.98; 95% confidence interval 3.01–5.24).
Steinemann, A. Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Air Qual Atmos Health 11, 1137–1142 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0625-x. Full pdf article available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-018-0625-x.
This study investigates the effects of fragranced products on autistic individuals ages 18–65 in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Nationally representative population surveys (n = 1137; 1098; 1100) found that, across the three countries, 4.3% of adults (n = 142) report medically diagnosed autism (2.3%), an autism spectrum disorder (2.4%), or both. Of these autistic adults, 83.7% report adverse health effects from fragranced products, including migraine headaches (42.9%), neurological problems (34.3%), respiratory problems (44.7%), and asthma attacks (35.9%). In particular, 62.9% of autistic adults report health problems from air fresheners or deodorizers, 57.5% from the scent of laundry products coming from a dryer vent, 65.9% from being in a room cleaned with scented products, and 60.5% from being near someone wearing a fragranced product. Health problems can be severe, with 74.1% of these effects considered potentially disabling under legislation in each country. Further, 59.4% of autistic adults have lost workdays or lost a job, in the past year, due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace.
Wood Toxicity and How to Protect Yourself - https://www.woodworkerssource.com/blog/wood-conversations/wood-toxicity-and-how-to-protect-yourself This article talks about many different ways wood can make people sick, including a statement about birch and willows triggering aspirin allergy. Not original research, but important information.
One of my sickest days was while sitting at a camp fire burning birch wood and bark - long before I knew I had a salicylate issue.
Chemical Sensitivity
Steinemann, Anne. National Prevalence and Effects of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: March 2018 - Volume 60 - Issue 3 - p e152-e156
doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001272. Full pdf available from: https://journals.lww.com/joem/Fulltext/2018/03000/National_Prevalence_and_Effects_of_Multiple.17.aspx.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS), its co-occurrence with asthma and fragrance sensitivity, and effects from exposure to fragranced consumer products. Among the population, 12.8% report medically diagnosed MCS and 25.9% report chemical sensitivity. Of those with MCS, 86.2% experience health problems, such as migraine headaches, when exposed to fragranced consumer products; 71.0% are asthmatic; 70.3% cannot access places that use fragranced products such as air fresheners; and 60.7% lost workdays or a job in the past year due to fragranced products in the workplace. Prevalence of diagnosed MCS has increased over 300%, and self-reported chemical sensitivity over 200%, in the past decade. Reducing exposure to fragranced products could help reduce adverse health and societal effects.
Anne Steinemann. Prevalence and effects of multiple chemical sensitivities in Australia, Preventive Medicine Reports: Volume 10, 2018, Pages 191-194, ISSN 2211-3355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.007. Full pdf available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335518300457.
The aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of MCS, its overlaps with asthma and fragrance sensitivity, and its health and societal effects in Australia. Data were collected in June 2016 using an on-line survey with a representative national sample (N = 1098) of adults (ages 18–65) in Australia. Results found that, across the country, 6.5% report medically diagnosed MCS, 18.9% report chemical sensitivity (being unusually sensitive to everyday chemicals and chemically formulated products), and 19.9% either or both. Among people with MCS, 74.6% also have diagnosed asthma or an asthma-like condition, and 91.5% have fragrance sensitivity, reporting health problems (such as migraine headaches) when exposed to fragranced consumer products (such as air fresheners and cleaning supplies). In addition, among people with MCS, 77.5% are prevented from access to places because of fragranced products, 52.1% lost workdays or a job in the past year due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace, and 55.4% report health effects considered potentially disabling. Results indicate that MCS is a widespread disease, affecting an estimated 1 million adult Australians, with chemical sensitivity affecting another 2 million. Reducing chemical exposure to problematic sources, such as fragranced consumer products, is critical to reduce adverse effects.
Steinemann, A. Chemical sensitivity, asthma, and effects from fragranced consumer products: National Population Study in the United Kingdom. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 371–377 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-00655-8. Read full abstract at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00672-1.
This national study in the United Kingdom (UK) investigated the prevalence of chemical sensitivity, a condition associated with chemical pollutant exposures, and the medical diagnosis of multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). In addition, it investigated the co-occurrence of chemical sensitivity with asthma and asthma-like conditions, and with fragrance sensitivity (adverse health effects from fragranced consumer products). Results indicate that chemical sensitivity is widespread in the UK, affecting over 5.7 million adults, with over 2.3 million diagnosed MCS, 8.9 million asthmatics, and 9.8 million fragrance sensitive. Reducing chemical exposure to problematic sources, such as fragranced consumer products, is a critical step to reduce adverse health and societal effects.
Steinemann, A. Chemical sensitivity, asthma, and effects from fragranced consumer products: national population study in Sweden. Air Qual Atmos Health 12, 129–136 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-018-0640-y. Read full abstract from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-018-0640-y.
Common chemical products and pollutants—such as pesticides, solvents, new building materials, and fragranced consumer products—have been associated with adverse health and societal effects. For some, the effects can be severe and disabling. This national population study in Sweden examined the prevalence and effects of chemical sensitivity, a condition characterized by health problems from chemical pollutant exposures. In addition, it examined the prevalence of medically diagnosed multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS), and the co-occurrence of chemical sensitivity with asthma and asthma-like conditions, and with fragrance sensitivity (health problems from fragranced consumer products). Results indicate that chemical sensitivity is a widespread condition, affecting more than 1 million adults in Sweden, with fragrance sensitivity affecting nearly 2 million. Reducing chemical exposure to problematic sources, such as fragranced consumer products, is critical to reduce adverse health and societal effects.
Related Medical Conditions
Aspirin "Allergy" of NSAID Allergy
Are those who have aspirin or NSAID allergy also allergic to Bismuth subsalicylate which are the ingredients of "Pepto- Bismol"? https://www.aaaai.org/ask-the-expert/salicylate
Explaining AERD/NERD and COX-1 Inhibition issues. Explains how aspirin allergy is not a true allergy, and how people are actually affected.
Is it Possible to be Allergic to Aspirin? AAAAI: https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/aspirin-allergy
Explains that it is possible to have a true allergy to aspirin, but only explains the more common version which is a sensitivity. An allergic-type reaction is probably the best way to explain it. Also covers that a person can be sensitive to aspirin, NSAIDS, and tylenol, and another person may only be sensitive to one of them.
Feinman SE. Beneficial and Toxic Effects of Aspirin. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1994. (book)
130 pages - Beneficial effects -- History, uses, labeling and poison prevention packaging by Bharat Bhooshan; Prostaglandins, other lipid mediators and the mechanism of action of aspirin by Adam K. Myers, Peter W. Ramwell; Risks -- Aspirin toxicity by Susan E. Feinman; Aspirin and gastrointestinal toxicity by Susan E. Feinman; Aspirin sensitivity in the respiratory system by Donald D. Stevenson; Aspirin-related urticaria and angioedema by Emil J. Bardana, Jr., Anthony Montanaro; Benefit-risk assessment -- Role of aspirin in chemoprevention of cancer and its effect on mutagenicity by Susan E. Feinman; Effects of aspirin on female reproductive function and on in utero development by Irva Hertz-Picciotto; Biochemical manifestations of Reye Syndrome: the role of aspirin by Laurie E. Kilpatrick; Aspirin and the elderly: therapeutic implications by Jacob Karsh; Veterinary use and misuse by Thomas R.B. Barr.
Speer F. Aspirin allergy: a clinical study. Southern medical journal. 1975;68(3):314-318. Abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1118772.
The following beliefs about aspirin sensitivity are widely held: (1) it usually is accompanied by nasal polyps. (2) It occurs primarily in nonallergic patients. (3) Its most common manifestation is asthma. (4) When it is combined with polyps and asthma (the so-called "aspirin triad"), the prognosis is unfavorable. (5) Polypectomy may precipitate asthma in aspirin sensitive patients. This paper, based on a study of 112 private patients, presents clinical evidence to refute these beliefs. It shows the following: (1) Aspirin allergy is accompanied by polyps in less than 5% of cases (13% of asthma patients). (2) In most cases, patients show well-defined allergy to an inhalant, food, or other drug. (3) Its most common manifestations are urticaria and angiodema, not asthma. (4) The prognosis is favorable, whether or not polyps are present. (5) Polypectomy does not precipitate asthma in aspirin-sensitive patients.
MCAS - Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
AAAAI, Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS): https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/related-conditions/mcas.
Dust Mite & Dust Mite Oral Allergy Syndrome
Portnoy, Jay & Miller, Jeffrey & Williams, P. & Chew, Ginger & Miller, J. & Zaitoun, Fares & Phipatanakul, Wanda & Kennedy, Kevin & Barnes, Charles & Grimes, Carl & Larenas-Linnemann, Désirée & Sublett, James & Bernstein, David & Blessing-Moore, Joann & Khan, David & Lang, David & Nicklas, Richard & Oppenheimer, John & Randolph, Christopher & Wallace, Dana. (2013). Environmental assessment and exposure control of dust mites: a practice parameter. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 111. 465–507. Full text: https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Practice%20and%20Parameters/Dustmite-2013.pdf
For reasons that are not clear, many patients with dust mite allergy, and dust mite oral allergy syndrome have coexisting aspirin sensitivity. One study showed a recent review counting 59 of the 135 (43.7%) of the total reported patients as being sensitive to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Research articles supporting that salicylates may improve health
Know your risks, if you're eliminating them from your diet
Paterson JR, Lawrence JR. Salicylic acid: a link between aspirin, diet and the prevention of colorectal cancer. QJM. 2001;94(8):445–448. doi:10.1093/qjmed/94.8.445. View full article: https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/94/8/445/1506881.
Sivagnanam P, Koutsoumpas A, Forbes A. Respiratory symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the impact of dietary salicylates. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(3):232–239. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2006.08.001. View abstract at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979961.
This article talks about the relationship between IBD and respiratory illness. Choosing participants that had both issues, they surveyed how many salicylates they consumed in a week (using Swain's et al. 1985 study). Participants had mixed results, and over the entire group, as people ate fewer salicylates, energy levels also decreased. In some cases, patients found better relief continuing their normal salicylate medicines (up to 1600mg daily for a therapeutic dose) for both their repiratory and IBD issues. In the case of the low-salicylate diet, patients with ulcerative colitis saw a little better results than those with Chron's disease.
I would like to challenge some things about this paper.
Since 2006, better test results have come out for foods, and many foods that were low on Swain's study have been moved into medium and high categories. This means that the patients were likely eating a way higher salicylate diet than they thought they were.
Second, free and bound salicylates were not taken into consideration (no research studies supported that prior to 2006). This means that they were not looking at the full potential of salicylates in the body.
Third, the daily intake level was averaged 22-37mg of salicylates a week. Personally, I've keep my levels below 0.5mg/weekly. It is possible that there is a maximum for some people. I know if I were to eat higher than 1-2/week my IBS symtoms would return.
Fourth, they did not ask the participants to do a fragrant-free home regimen, switch out their toothpaste, or ask coworkers in the offices to not wear perfumes. Personally, I will get stomach problems just from someone wearing perfume at work, within 45 minutes or so. In order to test this appropriately, you have to consider all the different ways people consume salicylates, not just what gets put into the mouth.
Like all of the other studies I've read, the sample size was quite small. with fewer than 150 people.
The last thing is that this study was done to in a way to "find a cure" or suitable treatment for IBD. I don't think that all IBD patients are salicylate sensitive and there are probably many factors that contribute to it. We are looking at the symptoms only. Even if only 5% of IBD patients improved by eliminating salicylates (let's say) on a global level, that's a really big deal. Even if only a few people improved, I'm sure those people are quite happy they tried out a low-sal diet.
If there is a research article you think should be listed here, please let me know.
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Low-Sal Gardening
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Home » State Poultry Executives Association elects president
State Poultry Executives Association elects president
Marvin Childers was chosen for the position and is also president of The Poultry Federation
The Poultry Federation (TPF) President, Marvin Childers, was elected to serve as president of the State Poultry Executives Association during the organization's annual meeting at the International Production and Processing Expo in Atlanta on Jan. 27.
The State Poultry Executives Association is comprised of poultry leaders from 26 poultry and egg producing states across the country. Childers will serve a two-year term as president. He served as vice president of the organization in 2014 and 2015 and has been an active member for nine years.
"I am honored to be selected as the association's president, and I look forward to working with my colleagues who are dedicated individuals working hard to promote and protect the poultry industry, not only in the U.S., but around the world," said Childers.
Companies involved in the production and processing of poultry provide 1,814,200 jobs throughout the country that pay $100.2 billion in wages, generate over $469.6 billion in annual economic impact and approximately $32.9 billion in tax revenue. Childers is currently the president of TPF, working in this capacity since Jan. 2007.
He served as an Arkansas State Representative from 2001 to 2006 and previously practiced law with Friday, Eldredge and Clark. Before joining the Friday law firm, he was a partner with Burrow, Harlan and Childers in Blytheville, AR. Childers holds a B.A. in Accounting from the University of Mississippi and a Juris Doctor from the University of Mississippi School of Law. He is a member of the Arkansas, Missouri and Pulaski County Bar Associations.
Indiana State Poultry Association names new president
American Meat Science Association elects new president, board members
Soy association elects new president
Midwest Poultry Federation elects new president
US poultry plant locations, headquarters 2018


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New-Item -ItemType file ".\CreateAll.sql" –force

Get-Content .\Objects\Security\Schemas\SQLJob.sql | Add-Content ".\CreateAll.sql"
Get-Content '.\Objects\Types\User-defined Data Types\SQLJob.AGRunJobList.sql' | Add-Content ".\CreateAll.sql"
Get-Content '.\Objects\Tables\SQLJob.AGRunConfig.sql' | Add-Content ".\CreateAll.sql"
Get-Content '.\Objects\Views\SQLJob.AGRunReviewer.sql' | Add-Content ".\CreateAll.sql"
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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I...think I found them (non-HP and MP, those are different). I noticed this wasn't in Geiger's docs, so I was hoping I could get someone to verify these for me.
To the player this looks like increases of +1/+2/+1/+2/+2/+1, which doesn't look like it follows much of a pattern. Also, these totals are added to a 'Base' stat (Geiger documented these; go to the 'Character Stats' location in the notes and look for the values immediately proceeding the long chains of $FF. Those are the Base stats for each character).
HP and MP are incremented with more routine, point-for-point amounts; Crono's level 2 HP increase is at $CC/258B, and his level 2 MP increase is at $CC/25C3. However, I'm not sure yet exactly how all of those are stored (I couldn't tell you where Marle's HP or MP increases were, for example); if someone else wants to look into that please post the results of your search here.
Apologies if this is already common knowledge; I just couldn't find this information anywhere, so I went rooting around for it myself. Hopefully someone else finds this useful (assuming it's correct; I -believe- it is, given what I traced). Also, it does indeed seem like you can make Speed go up with level (though I haven't looked anywhere for that stat cap of 16).
What you have is mostly correct.
They actually start at $CC/258A and $CC25C2. The way they work is "Max level for this increase, amount to increase by". There are four of these per character, so each PC's HP growth data takes up 8 bytes.
Also, it does indeed seem like you can make Speed go up with level (though I haven't looked anywhere for that stat cap of 16).
When I investigated these stats a few years ago, there was no sign of anything that would load the "speed" part of the stat growth data.
Ah! Thanks for the HP and MP info. Is there a place where this is documented online? Couldn't find this anywhere, even though significantly more intricate code/data like event sequences and map tiles have already been thoroughly investigated (I mean Temporal Flux is something that precious few other games will -ever- get). It really did surprise me :/.
It's been some time since I played Chrono Trigger, but I recall Speed being a constant stat per character (so the only way to permanently raise it is by using Speed Tabs. Well, aside from one cutscene where Robo gets a +3 boost).
Seems reasonable, since I thought the Speed stat controls the ATB gauge, so giving the player too much opportunity to raise it could un-balance the game.
Or maybe I'm thinking of Mario RPG, I'm pretty sure Speed was also essentially constant in that game as well.
I last looked at this earlier this year, and the blank value that would relate to speed is never loaded. An ASM hack would be possible, but the byte is skipped currently.
Yep, it's constant in Chrono Trigger as well. I think a Tab item actually adds 100 of those 'invisible' points to your current 'stat total,' for whatever that item ID is scripted to edit (Power, Magic, or Speed), but it's essentially the same since the results on the player's end are identical. On top of that, Speed only goes up to 16 in default Chrono Trigger; it's painfully easy to get everyone's Speed maxed out in only a couple of playthroughs through the Tab items/Atropos's Ribbon.
Also...ahhh, so there's no code to load the Speed stat increase even though the byte's present, guess that's not as easy as it looks.
I was mainly doing this because I wanted to make Lucca's and Marle's Hit% actually sizable compared to the other chars without frontloading them at early levels, since the latter makes their gun/bow attacks ridiculously powerful due to the formula they use (I guess I could also find out where in the code the game basically says 'If you're Lucca or Marle, branch' and get rid of it so everyone uses the Power formula, but I like the girls using Hit%).
Going to go ahead and put up the code for Robo's (and I presume Crono/Magus/Frog's) weapon attack formula. This was another 'Unknown' section in Geiger's docs, so I had to stumble on it alone. I'd really appreciate verification for this (and, if possible, links to other docs that have some of the data Geiger's is missing, I dunno if/where those exist since Geiger's offset list is quite extensive).
$C2/91ED 8F 02 42 00 STA $004202[$00:4202] A:0005 X:0006 Y:0000 This stores 5 as a multiplicand.
$C2/91F1 AD B5 0D LDA $0DB5 [$7E:0DB5] A:0005 X:0006 Y:0000 Loads the Terra Arm's Weapon Power ($96, or 150) into the accumulator.
$C2/91F4 8F 03 42 00 STA $004203[$00:4203] A:0096 X:0006 Y:0000 This stores the Terra Arm's Weapon Power as a multiplier.
$C2/91F9 EA NOP A:9600 X:0006 Y:0000 Don't do anything.
$C2/91FC AF 16 42 00 LDA $004216[$00:4216] A:9600 X:0006 Y:0000 Loads the result of 5 * Terra Arm's Weapon Power.
$C2/9206 8F 02 42 00 STA $004202[$00:4202] A:020C X:0006 Y:0000 This stores 12 as a multiplicand.
elsewhere in the code. In this case, Robo's Power is 99).
$C2/920D 8F 03 42 00 STA $004203[$00:4203] A:0263 X:0006 Y:0000 This stores Robo's current Power as a multiplier.
$C2/9211 EA NOP A:0263 X:0006 Y:0000 Don't do anything.
the accumulator, which is (5*Weapon Power).
$C2/921A 8F 04 42 00 STA $004204[$00:4204] A:0792 X:0006 Y:0000 Stores the result, $0792, as a dividend.
$C2/9222 60 RTS A:0709 X:0006 Y:0000 Leaves the multiplication subroutine.
$C2/91B7 8F 06 42 00 STA $004206[$00:4206] A:0709 X:0006 Y:0000 This stores 9 as a divisor, but I thought that was ($00:4205)?
$C2/91BF 6D B6 0D ADC $0DB6 [$7E:0DB6] A:0763 X:0006 Y:0000 Adds $75 (or whatever's in $7E:0DB6) to the accumulator.
$C2/91C2 90 02 BCC $02 [$91C6] A:07D8 X:0006 Y:0000 Branch if carry is clear (it is, D8 is still an 8-bit result) to $C2/91C6.
$C2/91CD AA TAX A:07D7 X:0006 Y:0000 Transfers this result to X.
4/3*Power + 5/9*Weapon Level, checks out.
Alright, here's the other basic attack routines, along with Ayla's substitute weapon values (this is how she gains AtkPwr upon levelling up).
Is there a place where this is documented online? Couldn't find this anywhere, even though significantly more intricate code/data like event sequences and map tiles have already been thoroughly investigated (I mean Temporal Flux is something that precious few other games will -ever- get). It really did surprise me :/.
My team focused on things no other editor could do, and major subsystems. A lot of common stuff has not been added until more recent versions, if at all. For example, Treasure editing was only added after a poll listed it as the most wanted feature.
If something is not documented in my offsets guide, it likely does not exist in any formal documentation.
As for Flux being a rare item, one of my goals with the WIP version rewrite is to provide a base code layer that other people can use for other games. A backbone that does the heavy lifting. But only time will tell if it accomplishes that goal and I still have to finish the bloody thing first.
This is some fine cryptanalysis you have here. Keep at it.
Thank you! ^____^ I did suspect that any of the 'unknowns' would remain as such without just going in there and digging around ourselves. And I just so happened to have edited some of the treasures in my ROM copy, put a couple new ones in (also I found it interesting that the 'sealed' chests actually operate in a similar manner to NPC objects, though I understand it).
Also yeah, one of the other things was altering Techs; Mauron's been working on a plugin for it (can't wait for that to be finished), but it's definitely not as easy as just reassigning a byte here or there, so I've been hesitant to do much with it (ended up turning Lucca's Protect spell into Haste, but the sprites loaded were still for Protect, and the spell would glitch -unless- Marle used her Haste tech first, so there's some sort of routine that preloads the animation data which isn't accounted for yet).
Were these values different in the Japanese version?
I read once long ago that the numbers were subtly tweaked in the US version to make it easier, but considering no one else seems to have reported this, I've been thinking that article I read was spurious.
That was because you didn't know about the 'base stats'. Those are what the stat tabs modify (except, I believe, for speed). The game basically ignores the current visible values for the characters' non-HP/MP stats, completely recalculating them each time.


I'm sorry, I'm not interested masfinancialservices.co.za SLIPPERY ROCK, Pa. (AP) — Many people set off a few fireworks on special occasions, but there's another world of die-hard pyrotechnics lovers who build hand-made comets, rockets, and exploding shells from scratch.
How many are there in a book? www.usaloans.com The call has been sent to Brooklynites who live near Prospect Park. "Bill de Blasio is running to make New York work for all of us not just the wealthy and Wall Street," the actress says on the recorded message.


text:
<?php

namespace nabu\data\commerce\base;

use \nabu\core\exceptions\ENabuCoreException;
use \nabu\data\CNabuDataObject;
use \nabu\data\commerce\CNabuCommerceProductLanguage;
use \nabu\data\commerce\CNabuCommerceProductLanguageList;
use \nabu\data\lang\CNabuLanguage;
use \nabu\data\lang\CNabuLanguageList;
use \nabu\data\lang\interfaces\INabuTranslated;
use \nabu\data\lang\interfaces\INabuTranslation;
use \nabu\data\lang\traits\TNabuTranslation;
use \nabu\db\CNabuDBInternalObject;

/**
 * Class to manage the entity Commerce Product Language stored in the storage named nb_commerce_product_lang.
 * @author Rafael Gutiérrez <rgutierrez@nabu-3.com>
 * @version 3.0.12 Surface
 * @package \nabu\data\commerce\base
 */
abstract class CNabuCommerceProductLanguageBase extends CNabuDBInternalObject implements INabuTranslation
{
    use TNabuTranslation;

    /**
     * Instantiates the class. If you fill enough parameters to identify an instance serialized in the storage, then
     * the instance is deserialized from the storage.
     * @param mixed $nb_commerce_product An instance of CNabuCommerceProductLanguageBase or another object descending
     * from \nabu\data\CNabuDataObject which contains a field named nb_commerce_product_id, or a valid ID.
     * @param mixed $nb_language An instance of CNabuCommerceProductLanguageBase or another object descending from
     * \nabu\data\CNabuDataObject which contains a field named nb_language_id, or a valid ID.
     */
    public function __construct($nb_commerce_product = false, $nb_language = false)
    {
        if ($nb_commerce_product) {
            $this->transferMixedValue($nb_commerce_product, 'nb_commerce_product_id');
        }

        if ($nb_language) {
            $this->transferMixedValue($nb_language, 'nb_language_id');
        }

        parent::__construct();
    }

    /**
     * Get the file name and path where is stored the descriptor in JSON format.
     * @return string Return the file name with the full path
     */
    public static function getStorageDescriptorPath()
    {
        return preg_replace('/.php$/', '.json', __FILE__);
    }

    /**
     * Get the table name represented by this class
     * @return string Return the table name
     */
    public static function getStorageName()
    {
        return 'nb_commerce_product_lang';
    }

    /**
     * Gets SELECT sentence to load a single register from the storage.
     * @return string Return the sentence.
     */
    public function getSelectRegister()
    {
        return ($this->isValueNumeric('nb_commerce_product_id') && $this->isValueNumeric('nb_language_id'))
            ? $this->buildSentence(
                    'select * '
                    . 'from nb_commerce_product_lang '
                   . "where nb_commerce_product_id=%nb_commerce_product_id\$d "
                     . "and nb_language_id=%nb_language_id\$d "
              )
            : null;
    }

    /**
     * Query the storage to retrieve the full list of available languages (those that correspond to existent
     * translations) for $translated and returns a list with all languages.
     * @param mixed $translated Translated object or Id to retrieve languages.
     * @return CNabuLanguageList Returns a list of languages. If no languages are available, the list is empty.
     */
    public static function getLanguagesForTranslatedObject($translated)
    {
        $nb_commerce_product_id = nb_getMixedValue($translated, 'nb_commerce_product_id');
        if (is_numeric($nb_commerce_product_id)) {
            $retval = CNabuLanguage::buildObjectListFromSQL(
                    'nb_language_id',
                    'select l.* '
                    . 'from nb_language l, nb_commerce_product t1, nb_commerce_product_lang t2 '
                   . 'where t1.nb_commerce_product_id=t2.nb_commerce_product_id '
                     . 'and t1.nb_commerce_product_id=%nb_commerce_product_id$d '
                     . 'and l.nb_language_id=t2.nb_language_id ',
                    array(
                        'nb_commerce_product_id' => $nb_commerce_product_id
                    )
            );
        } else {
            $retval = new CNabuLanguageList();
        }

        return $retval;
    }

    /**
     * Query the storage to retrieve the full list of available translations for $translated and returns a list with
     * all translations.
     * @param mixed $translated Translated object or Id to retrieve translations.
     * @return CNabuCommerceProductLanguageList Returns a list of translations. If no translations are available, the
     * list is empty.
     */
    public static function getTranslationsForTranslatedObject($translated)
    {
        $nb_commerce_product_id = nb_getMixedValue($translated, 'nb_commerce_product_id');
        if (is_numeric($nb_commerce_product_id)) {
            $retval = CNabuCommerceProductLanguage::buildObjectListFromSQL(
                    'nb_language_id',
                    'select t2.* '
                    . 'from nb_language l, nb_commerce_product t1, nb_commerce_product_lang t2 '
                   . 'where t1.nb_commerce_product_id=t2.nb_commerce_product_id '
                     . 'and t1.nb_commerce_product_id=%nb_commerce_product_id$d '
                     . 'and l.nb_language_id=t2.nb_language_id ',
                    array(
                        'nb_commerce_product_id' => $nb_commerce_product_id
                    )
            );
            if ($translated instanceof INabuTranslated) {
                $retval->iterate(
                    function ($key, $nb_translation) use($translated) {
                        $nb_translation->setTranslatedObject($translated);
                        return true;
                    }
                );
            }
        } else {
            $retval = new CNabuCommerceProductLanguageList();
        }

        return $retval;
    }

    /**
     * Get Commerce Product Id attribute value
     * @return int Returns the Commerce Product Id value
     */
    public function getCommerceProductId() : int
    {
        return $this->getValue('nb_commerce_product_id');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Commerce Product Id attribute value.
     * @param int $nb_commerce_product_id New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setCommerceProductId(int $nb_commerce_product_id) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        if ($nb_commerce_product_id === null) {
            throw new ENabuCoreException(
                    ENabuCoreException::ERROR_NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED_IN,
                    array("\$nb_commerce_product_id")
            );
        }
        $this->setValue('nb_commerce_product_id', $nb_commerce_product_id);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Language Id attribute value
     * @return int Returns the Language Id value
     */
    public function getLanguageId() : int
    {
        return $this->getValue('nb_language_id');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Language Id attribute value.
     * @param int $nb_language_id New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setLanguageId(int $nb_language_id) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        if ($nb_language_id === null) {
            throw new ENabuCoreException(
                    ENabuCoreException::ERROR_NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED_IN,
                    array("\$nb_language_id")
            );
        }
        $this->setValue('nb_language_id', $nb_language_id);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Commerce Product Lang Name attribute value
     * @return null|string Returns the Commerce Product Lang Name value
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->getValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_name');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Commerce Product Lang Name attribute value.
     * @param string|null $name New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setName(string $name = null) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        $this->setValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_name', $name);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Commerce Product Lang Slug attribute value
     * @return null|string Returns the Commerce Product Lang Slug value
     */
    public function getSlug()
    {
        return $this->getValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_slug');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Commerce Product Lang Slug attribute value.
     * @param string|null $slug New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setSlug(string $slug = null) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        $this->setValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_slug', $slug);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Commerce Product Lang Description attribute value
     * @return null|string Returns the Commerce Product Lang Description value
     */
    public function getDescription()
    {
        return $this->getValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_description');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Commerce Product Lang Description attribute value.
     * @param string|null $description New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setDescription(string $description = null) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        $this->setValue('nb_commerce_product_lang_description', $description);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Get Commerce Product Lang Attributes attribute value
     * @return null|array Returns the Commerce Product Lang Attributes value
     */
    public function getAttributes()
    {
        return $this->getValueJSONDecoded('nb_commerce_product_lang_attributes');
    }

    /**
     * Sets the Commerce Product Lang Attributes attribute value.
     * @param string|array|null $attributes New value for attribute
     * @return CNabuDataObject Returns self instance to grant chained setters call.
     */
    public function setAttributes($attributes = null) : CNabuDataObject
    {
        $this->setValueJSONEncoded('nb_commerce_product_lang_attributes', $attributes);

        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * Overrides this method to add support to traits and/or attributes.
     * @param int|CNabuDataObject $nb_language Instance or Id of the language to be used.
     * @param bool $dataonly Render only field values and ommit class control flags.
     * @return array Returns a multilevel associative array with all data.
     */
    public function getTreeData($nb_language = null, $dataonly = false)
    {
        $trdata = parent::getTreeData($nb_language, $dataonly);

        $trdata['attributes'] = $this->getAttributes();

        return $trdata;
    }
}


If your garage back door has begun to malfunction, or if it may have stopped working altogether, you will do not have which will think about replacing i would say the doors. You can put the situation under regulate by simply carrying along with a bit of drive way door repair. Though recently there are many things on the garage gate who you can repair yourself, you should take assistance not to carry aside repairs if you are almost always not too sure for what you are completing or if you have been not very good with the help of machines and power methods. You can easily call in a cost effective, but reputed garage door company to help you with the repairs.
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Firstly, you should study the metal tracks with the garage doors for any dents or any kind of bumps. In case most typically associated with damages, use a hammer to remove the dings and dents from the tracks. Also, see if there probably are any loose screws and it could be bolts in the tracks as this can produce in the malfunctioning of a the garage doors. Any tracks should be hidden clean at all occasions and must be aligned properly. Remember that should you find the problem of the garage gates opener lies with all tracks, you can call in the manufacturer involving the doors and ask for a replacement of the garage door equipment.
In a certain amount of cases, an thick gooey substance will be structured on the exact rollers as well the bed rails of specific garage side. This 'd result inside the options being stuck. Look for this rrssue. You can now remove the type of substance created by simply working with mild a cleaning agent.
When your business are moving out these garage gateway repair, discover the design of bounce that your garage gates uses. Incase it is a standard extension shed door, owners can completely repair yet replace much broken parts. However, any time it functions a torsion spring you really shall necessitate professional aide you to. Remember the the spring and coil used appearing in your house door should be under better tension and as such, it may result on major and therefore serious despite having if you have are not conversant by means of the system.
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In which way to Choose a Car port Door Repair Company?
So, what Are Some Useful Tricks and Instructions Regarding Storage Door Repair?


Macmillan Dictionary's recent series on Real Grammar included a quiz that explored people's attitudes and preferences in English language usage. Editor-in-Chief Michael Rundell wrote that the quiz results suggest 'a sophisticated understanding of how grammatical norms can change over time or can vary according to the social context', and that most respondents 'opted for sensible answers'. But what of those who didn't?
In a Twitter chat with @MacDictionary to discuss the Real Grammar series, I said that some of the quiz results surprised me. One item was: Your sister has just come back from the coffee shop, and you want to know which friends she saw there. What do you say? The options were: Who did you see at the coffee shop? and Whom did you see at the coffee shop?, and fully 24.7% of respondents – more than 3200 out of 13,000 or so – said they would use whom.
In another quiz item, 18% said that the phrasing decided gradually to phase in sounds more natural than decided to gradually phase in – even though their preferred syntax ambiguously suggests that the decision was gradual, not the phasing in. Linguist Laura Bailey wondered: 'How many of those 18% are non-native learners who really do hear that option more often – from teachers?' Given that superstitious avoidance of split-infinitives can result in awkward and confusing language, it's a concerning possibility.
As Michael wrote, many people dispensing grammatical advice ignore such important factors as register and context. Authority figures wield real influence on how we perceive language use, and from an early age we learn about right and wrong ways to say things – which are often not what they seem. Kan me have another is unequivocally wrong, but Can I… and May I… are both correct; which one should be used depends on how formal the situation is.
We can do without simplistic and misguided presumptions about language masquerading as rules: what we need is a broader understanding of what counts as correct and appropriate to the many different contexts in which we use language.
I often find the grammatical construction TO TAKE STH SERIOUSLY. Or better, I never find the correct version: TO TAKE STH SERIOUS. The first version that overtly almost everybody is convinced of sounds odd to me, as it separates a full verb TAKE SERIOUS into an auxiliary verb TAKE and and adverb SERIOUSLY. But if you take STH SERIOUS, it doesn't mean that you SERIOUSLY TAKE it, right?
Thanks for your comment Wolfgang. The correct expression is to take something seriously, the other form does not exist. To take someone or something seriously means to treat them in a serious way, because you think they are important and deserve attention. A similar expression is 'to take something literally', meaning to interpret it in a literal way (when it is not meant that way). Another is 'to take something amiss', meaning to be offended by it when that was not the intention. In all cases the object is followed by an adverb (seriously, literally, amiss).


Celebrate these breezy, fresh and fertile months with some green jewellery.
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Green includes Emerald, the stone for Taurus, April 20th to May 21st.
Getting married this year ?
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text:
Pojo Chinul, 보조지눌, także 불일보조, Puril Pojo, chiń. Zhīnè, jap. Chitotsu, wiet. Tri Nột (ur. 1158, zm. 22 kwietnia 1210) – koreański mistrz sŏn. Usiłował na gruncie koreańskim dokonać systematyzacji i synkretyzacji nauk różnych szkół buddyjskich.

Życiorys

Kulsan sa – klasztor Kulsan
Chinul – świeckie nazwisko Chŏng – urodził się w okręgu Tongju na zachód od stolicy Koryŏ – Kaesŏng. Pochodził z rodziny szlacheckiej. Od dziecka nękany był przez poważne choroby i gdy wszelkie próby wyleczenia go konwencjonalną medycyną zawiodły, ojciec postanowił błagać Buddę. Ślubował, że jeśli syn zostanie wyleczony, odda go do klasztoru buddyjskiego. Wkrótce Chinul wyzdrowiał i gdy miał siedem lat ojciec oddał go do klasztoru. W wieku 15 lat przyjął wskazania buddyjskie i otrzymał imię Dharmy Chinul, jednak później sam siebie nazywał Moguja (Pastuch Wołu). Jego nauczycielem był mistrz sŏn z klasztoru Kulsan na górze Sagul. Ta linia przekazu Dharmy wywodziła się od chińskiego mistrza chan Yanguana Qi'ana, ucznia Mazu Daoyi. Jego stosunki z nauczycielem nie były zbyt bliskie i niektórzy przypuszczają, że w ogóle nie miał stałego nauczyciela.

Charakter skłaniał Chinula do życia w samotności i w odosobnieniach. Samotnie poszukiwał inspiracji studiując buddyjskie pisma i kroczył drogą sŏn. Postęp Chinula w buddyjskiej praktyce oparty był więc na użyciu pisemnych nauk do doskonalenia formalnej praktyki sŏn.

Oświecenie
Po 9 latach praktyki w Kulsan sa, Chinul udał się w 1182 r. do klasztoru Poje (zwanego także Yŏnbok sa) w Kaesŏng na egzaminy sanghi sŏn. Przeszedł przez wszystkie testy, jednak światowa atmosfera stolicy spowodowała, że zrezygnował ze wspinania się w hierarchii kościelnej i powrócił do pozycji zwykłego mnicha. Razem z kilkoma podobnymi mu mnichami postanowił założyć w przyszłości religijne towarzystwo (kor. kyŏlsa), poświęcone rozwijaniu samādhi i prajñi (정혜사 chŏnghyesa). Po okresie wędrówek po Korei zatrzymał się w klasztorze Ch'ŏngwon w Ch'angp'yŏng (płd.-zach. Korea) i tu przeżył swoje pierwsze (z trzech) przebudzenie. Stało się to podczas czytania Sutry Szóstego Patriarchy, przy zdaniu:

 Własna natura takości daje powstać myśleniu. Ale nawet chociaż narządy zmysłów widzą, słyszą, czują i poznają, jest ona nieskalana przez miriady wyobrażeń. Prawdziwa natura jest stale wolna i polega na samej sobie.

To doświadczenie było jego prawdziwą inicjacją do buddyzmu.

Wspólnota i drugie przebudzenie
W 1185 r. Chinul znów wyruszył w pielgrzymkę i jesienią przybył do klasztoru Pomun na górze Haga (płd.-wsch. Korea). Przebywał w nim trzy lata i w czasie praktyki używał konganu Umysł jest Buddą. Studiował także pilnie dzieło Li Tongxuana Komentarz do Sutry Huayan.

Podczas czytania fragmentu Sutry Huayan

 Mądrość Tathagatów jest właśnie taka jak to: jest całkowicie w ciałach wszelkich odczuwających istot. Jest w tych wszystkich zwyczajnych, głupich ludziach, którzy nie są jej świadomi i nie rozpoznają jej.

osiągnął swoje drugie przebudzenie. Już wtedy nurtowany był przez rozbicie buddyzmu na sŏn i szkoły scholastyczne i przekonany – na podstawie własnego doświadczenia – że wszelkie rozbieżności mogą być pogodzone. W 1188 r. doszło do spotkania z częścią sygnatariuszy umowy o założeniu Wspólnoty Samādhi i Prajñi. W. 1190 r. odbyło się ich wspólne odosobnienie w klasztorze Kŏjo. W tym samym klasztorze powstało jego pierwsze główne dzieło Zachęta do praktyki: założenie Wspólnoty Samādhi i Prajñi. W klasztorze tym Chinul przebywał osiem lat.

Trzecie przebudzenie
W 1197 r. Chinul odszedł z Kŏjo sa i udał się do maleńkiej świątyni Sangmuju. Przeprowadził w niej kolejne odosobnienie, podczas którego zaszło wiele cudownych wydarzeń, a Chinul osiągnął swoje trzecie i ostateczne oświecenie podczas czytania Dahui yulu.

 Sŏn nie polega na spokoju; nie polega na krzątaninie. Nie jest uwikłany logicznym rozróżnianiem. Pomimo tego to, co jest najważniejsze, to nie badanie sŏnu, gdy odrzuca spokój lub krzątaninę, działania codziennego życia czy logiczne rozróżnianie. Jeśli wasze oczy nagle się otworzą, wtedy sŏn jest czymś, co istnieje wewnątrz waszego prawdziwie własnego domu.

Chinul był pod wielkim wpływem chińskiego mistrza chan Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163), którego metodę huatou wprowadził do swego sposobu prowadzenia praktyki sŏn.

Próba syntezy
Te trzy główne duchowe doświadczenia Chinula pokierowały jego późniejszą systematyzacją doktryny buddyjskiej i próbą jej zsynkretyzowania. Jednocześnie stały się one w jego pracach trzema głównymi sposobami buddyjskiej praktyki: równoczesny rozwój samādhi i prajñi, wiary i zrozumienia całkowitych i nagłych nauk oraz skrótowa metoda hwadu (chiń. huatou). Dochodziło do tego jeszcze śpiewanie Sutry Diamentowej tak preferowanej przez Huinenga. Tymi ekumenicznymi działaniami ustalił typ praktyki sŏn w koreańskich klasztorach szkoły chogye. Po trzech latach w Sangmuju am Chinul opuścił świątynię i w 1200 r. przybył do klasztoru Kilsang, który stał się miejscem pobytu Wspólnoty Samādhi i Prajñi. Na okazję zakończenia prac budowlanych w Kilsang sa przygotował Upomnienia dla początkujących uczniów, które porównywalne były z Baizhang qing-gui i pomogły ustalić reguły koreańskiego sŏnu oraz zaakceptowane zostały jako wzorzec prowadzenia się dla wszystkich klasztorów sŏn.

Koniec życia
W Kilsang sa Chinul przebywał do końca swego życia, chociaż udawał się często do kilku pustelni, które wybudował w okolicznych górach. W 1207 r. ukończył swą kolejną pracę Wybór z komentarzy do Avatamsaka sūtra.

W 1209 r. ukończył Wybór ze zbiorów Dharmy i ksiąg specjalnych praktyk.

Jak to bywa u mistrzów zen, Chinul dokładnie znał datę swej śmierci na miesiąc wcześniej.

Śmierć
 Wraz z jutrzenką spytał Cóż to za dzień dziś mamy? Ktoś odparł Dziś jest 27 dzień 3. miesiąca (22.4.1210). Mistrz umył się wtedy, opłukał i wdziewając swą ceremonialną szatę, rzekł Te oczy nie są oczami moich przodków; ten nos nie jest nosem moich przodków. Te usta nie są ustami zrodzonymi z mojej matki. Następnie zarządził, aby uderzono w klasztorny dzwon wzywający mnichów wspólnoty i niosąc kij z sześcioma pierścieniami, poszedł do sali Dharmy. Tam zapalił kadzidełko, wszedł na podwyższenie i kontynuował wszelkie zwykłe formalności. Następnie stuknął kijem i [...] rzekł Cudowna skuteczność Dharmy sŏn jest niepojęta. Przyszedłem tu dziś, ponieważ chcę wyjaśnić ją w pełni wszystkim wam w tym zgromadzeniu. Jeśli spytacie mnie jasno, nieprzywiązanymi pytaniami, ten stary człowiek da wam jasną, nieprzywiązaną odpowiedź. Popatrzył na prawo i lewo, i, pocierając swą szyję dłońmi, rzekł Życie tego górskiego mnicha jest teraz całkowicie w waszych rękach. Możecie wywlec mnie stąd lub też ściągnąć na dół. Pozwalam każdemu, kto ma kości i ścięgna wystąpić. Następnie wyciągnął swe nogi i siedząc odpowiadał na różne zadawane pytania. Jego słowa były precyzyjne, a treść szczegółowa; mowa była pełna siły [...]. W końcu jakiś mnich spytał: Nie jestem pewien, czy minione ukazanie choroby Vimalakirtiego z Vaiśali i dzisiejsza choroba Moguja z Chogye są tym samym, czy różnią się? Mistrz odpowiedział: Nauczyłeś się tylko podobieństwa i różnicy! Następnie uniósł swój kij, uderzył nim kilka razy i rzekł: Wszystkie tysiąc rzeczy i dziesięć tysięcy przedmiotów są właśnie tu. W końcu pozostał, siedząc nieporuszenie wspierany przez swój kij i spokojnie zmarł.

Król Hŭijong nadał mu pośmiertny tytuł Narodowego Mistrza Puril Pojo (Słońce Buddy Świecące Powszechnie), a stupę, w której umieszczono relikwie po kremacji mistrza, nazwał Kamno t'ap (Stupą Słodkiej Rosy).

Chinul był tak wpływowym mistrzem, że w jego linii przekazu Dharmy było 16 patriarchów koreańskiego sŏnu.

Dzieła
 Kwŏnsu chŏnghye kyŏlsamun (1190). (Zachęta do praktyki: założenie Wspólnoty Samādhi i Prajñi)
 Kye ch'osim haginmun (1205). (Upomnienia dla początkujących uczniów)
 Susim kyŏl (1203-1205). (Sekrety uprawiania umysłu)
 Chinsim chiksŏl (1205). (Prosta mowa o Prawdziwym Umyśle)
 Hwaŏmnon chŏryo (1207). (Zestawienie komentarzy do sutry Huayan – Avatamsaka Sutra)
 Pŏbbogi Tangyŏng pal. (Postscriptum do Sutry Ołtarzowej Szóstego Patriarchy)
 Yŏmbul yonmun lub Yŏmbul inyukyŏng. (Zasadnicze elementy praktyk Czystej Krainy)
 Wŏndon sŏngbullon. (Całkowite i nagłe osiągnięcie stanu Buddy)
 Kanhwa kyŏrŭiron. (Rozwianie wątpliwości o spełnieniu hwadu)
 Pŏpjip pyŏrhaengnok chŏryo pyŏngip sagi (Wyjątki ze Zbioru Dharmy i Ksiąg Specjalnych Praktyk wraz z osobistymi uwagami).

Linia przekazu Dharmy zen
Pierwsza liczba oznacza liczbę pokoleń mistrzów od 1 Patriarchy indyjskiego Mahakaśjapy.

Druga liczba oznacza liczbę pokoleń od 28/1 Bodhidharmy, 28 Patriarchy Indii i 1 Patriarchy Chin.

Trzecia liczba oznacza początek nowej linii przekazu w danym kraju.
 35/8. Mazu Daoyi (707-788) Chiny; szkoła hongzhou
 36/9. Yanguan Qi'an (752-842)
 37/10/1. T'onghyo Pŏmil (810-889) (znany także jako P'umil) Korea; szkoła sagul san
 38/11/2. Nangwŏn Kaech'ŏng (834-930) (znany także jako Pohyŏn)
 39/12/3. Odae Sin'gyŏng
 40/13/4. Taeŭn Tojang
 41/14/5. Saja Chihyu
 42/15/6. Chŏnghak Tojam
 43/16/7. Tut'a Ŭngjin
 44/17/8. Tansok Chihyŏn
 45/18/9. Changsu Tamjin
 46/19/10. Ch'ŏnch'uk Nŭngin
 47/20/11. Sin'gwang Chonghwi
 48/21/12. Pojo Chinul (1158-1210)
 49/22/13. Hyesim Chingak (1179-1234)
 50/22/13. Yoyŏn mniszka
 50/22/13. Wangdoin mniszka
 50/23/14. Mongyŏ Ch'ŏngjin (zm. 1252)
 51/24/15. Honwon Chinmyŏng (1191-1271)
 52/25/16. Ch'ŏnyŏng Wŏno (Chajin) (1215-1286)
 53/26/17. Ch'ungji Won'gam (1226-1292)
 54/27/17. Chajŏng
 55/28/18. Chagak
 56/29/19. Tamdang
 57/30/20. Manhang Myonmyŏng Hyegam (1249-1319)
 58/31/21. Myoŏm Chawon
 59/32/22. Hyegak
 60/33/23. Pugu Kagŏm Kakchin (1270-1355)
 61/34/24. Puam Chŏnghye
 62/35/25. Hungjin
 63/36/26. Ilmyŏng Chisung Kobong Pŏpchang (1350-1428)

Przypisy

Bibliografia

 Maciej St. Zięba, Chinul, w: Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii, t. 2, C-D. PTTA, Lublin 2001, s. 112b-114b.

Koreańscy mistrzowie sŏn
Urodzeni w 1158
Zmarli w 1210
Ch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Equivalent norms understanding proof visually Definition Let $E$ be a vector space and let $\|\cdot\|_1$,$\|\cdot\|_2$ two norms defined on $E$. $\|\cdot\|_1$ and $\|\cdot\|_2$ are said to be equivalent if they define equivalent metrics.
Theorem $\|\cdot\|_1$ and $\|\cdot\|_2$ are equivalent if and only if there exist $c_1,c_2>0$ such that $$c_1\|\cdot\|_1 \leq \|\cdot\|_2 \leq c_2\|\cdot\|_1 (1)$$
So, I could prove formally that if (1) holds then the norms are equivalent, but I am getting confused trying to visualize the proof.
I'll write the proof and try to explain where my confusion lies:
Take an open set $U$ with $\|\cdot\|_1$. Pick an arbitrary $x \in U$, then there is an $\epsilon>0$ such that $B_1(x,\epsilon) \subset U$. If  I could find an $\epsilon'$ such that $B_2(x,\epsilon') \subset B_1(x,\epsilon)$, then it is easy to show that $U$ is open with $\|\cdot\|_2$.
Before following any logical step, when I see (1), I would try to show that $B_2(x,\epsilon') \subset B_1(x,\epsilon)$ using the inequality $\|\cdot\|_2 \leq c_2\|\cdot\|_1$, I mean, intuitively, what I think is since I can control norm $2$ by norm $1$, I can manage to include a sufficiently small '2-ball' centered at $x$ in the $1-ball$ centered at $x$.
So, the formal proof would be, choose $\epsilon'=\dfrac{\epsilon}{c_1}$, if $y \in B_2(x,\epsilon')$, then $\|x-y\|_1 \leq c_1 \|x-y\|_2<\epsilon$, so $y \in B_1(x,\epsilon)$.
I don't understand what is happening here, norm $1$ is (by a constant) smaller than norm $2$ so from this inequality one arrives to the inclusion $B_2(x,\epsilon') \subset B_1(x,\epsilon)$? Intuitively, I would think it works the other way round, norm $2$ (multiplied by a constant) is smaller than norm $1$ so then I can manage to include a sufficiently small '2-ball' in $B_1(x,\epsilon)$.
I would really appreciate if someone could help me understand why one of the inequalities is the one that works to show the equivalence of the norms and not the other one. Thanks in advance.

A: The inequality $$\color{blue}{c_1||\cdot||_1 \leq } ||\cdot||_2 \color{red}{\leq c_2||\cdot||_1  }$$ can be visualized in the following way.

The inequalities force the green line to be in the gray area. For the proof we want to take a small enough ball in the metric induced by $||\cdot||_2$ so that it is contained in $B_1(x_0,\varepsilon)$ as you say. Intuitively you might think that you can use the red inequality to push the area bounded by the green line down. But actually as we make the area bounded by the green line smaller, the green line will interact with the blue line. This becomes more clear if we take the "inverted" picture coming from the equivalent inequality $$\color{red}{\frac{1}{c_2}||\cdot||_2 \leq } ||\cdot||_1 \color{blue}{\leq \frac{1}{c_1}||\cdot||_2  }$$ visualized by

I hope that from this image it is more clear that if we just choose our ball in the metric associated with $||\cdot||_2$ small enough that the blue line is contained in $B_1(x_0,\varepsilon)$, that then our whole ball is guaranteed to be contained in $B_1(x_0,\varepsilon)$. We can choose $\varepsilon' = c_1 \varepsilon$ such that
$$
||x-x_0||_1\leq \frac{1}{c_1}||x-x_0||_2 < \varepsilon
$$
for all $x\in B_2(x_0,\varepsilon')$. Note that we have now shown that all opens in the metric coming from $||\cdot||_1$ are also open in the metric coming from $||\cdot||_2$. The other inclusion of topologies requires the use of the red inequality.

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