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Home/latvia/Latvia Bank closes the series of gold coins intended for the euro in a nursery / Article / LSM.LV
Latvia Bank closes the series of gold coins intended for the euro in a nursery / Article / LSM.LV
latvia November 5, 2018 latvia, Uzņēmējdarbība
On Thursday, Latvia's Bank will issue gold coins "Golden Brooch Bubble Sack" (the coin is 75 euros). The bubble coin coin complements the series of Latvian goldsmiths designed for Latvian national anniversary celebrating Latvia on the 100th anniversary of the state, reported Latvia's central banks.
In November 2016 a collective coin was issued spark statementAugust 2017 – coin with snap-on rendering, but this year, in anniversary years, this series is wrapped in a special gold coin that, according to the original historical design, is decorated with crystals. A set of all three gold coins will be purchased.
For many centuries, the bubbling orders were a luxurious women's ornament that was of considerable value for their time and became part of the Latvian national costume. The Latvian Bank's bubble-wrapped gold coins will hold a special place in Latvia's 100th anniversary gift, as it makes it possible to preserve this historic event as an important value not only in memory but also in gold, together with a cultural and historical experience.
This series of coins devoted to the decoration – three of Latvia's current territories, characteristic of centuries, have been transferred to the design of banknotes – make up a luxurious piece of jewelry for Latvia on the birthday.
The collection of golden brooches, bouquets and gold coins has created the graphic design Inguna Elere, but the plastic formulation – Jānis Strupulis. I. Elere also formed the second coin series.
Photo: Publicity
Guldbroscher, Bubblajacka, is made in Austria. The letters "#Latvia", "# bubble", "# 17_18gs", "75 euro" and "# 2018" on the front of gold coins, but on the back – styled in the 18th century. Procedure bubble.
According to the artist's view, the bundle of brooches spans on the coin for centuries of history, while the monuments are on the front of the coin, and highlight the space we live in at the moment.
Slowly speaking of ancient times in Latvian history, but the other side of the coin – about today, how we communicate in the virtual environment, social networking, how we highlight the topics we are interested in.
The history of exploitation of proclamation in Latvia's territory was started by the various early-century brocades (1st-4th century) – t.s. eyebrows, tutzsactor, crossed brothers, stopacts and rounded eyelashes with opening wheels, crossroads and bonfire motifs. The oldest brocades were imported, but soon, craftsmen, using these samples, began making brooches themselves, reflecting local aesthetic and spiritual concepts in their forms.
Adults and children used to wear and decorate clothes. The shape and decoration of the Holy has both the attire and the protective function (rot as an amulet). The shape, size and material have changed, but brochures have survived to today as one of the most popular types of jewelry.
17th century In the Latvian jewelery assortment of different forms, popular in the past centuries, a new type of brooch has gradually evolved. Their arches are decorated with hemispherical raises – bubbles – of which jewelry is also named – bubble heads.
Large, luxurious bubble loops of silver and often even gilded.
The bubbling orders were one of the most luxurious Latvian women's jewelry, and they often engraved the name of the owner and the year to make or give the brooch.
Funerals were found throughout Latvia's territory, although their decorative styles and bearer traditions differed slightly. So, for example, in the southern Kurzeme, these brooches do not collapse one by one, but one over the other, puts it in size and finally attaches a silk band. The luxury jewelry was a pride of rich Latvian farmers and was often sent down from generation to generation. Such brakes as family standards in families have often been preserved until today.
New coin from November 8th. 8.30 will be available at Latvia's collection for the purchase of coins and other numismatic products e-monetas.lv and at Latvia's office on K. Valdemara Street 1B, Riga, and Teatra Street 3, Liepaja.
The price of the coin in the banking department in Latvia's bank and on the website e-monetas.lv – 560,00 euro. The maximum circulation of a coin is 1000 copies. On November 8, the first part of the circulation – 400 copies will be marketed.
Latvia's U-16 basketball players protect their place in the elite division
Citadele has seen a huge influx of new customers – Industrier – Financenet
Photo: Gold couple worship, concert and fountain show at Riga City Festival
Arthur Batrack wins the endurance qualification
Pension indexing takes place in October; what pensions are getting bigger? – in Latvia
Graudin / Kravchenko stops in the first round of the playoffs / World Tournament / Day
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Josh Duggar Serving 12 Years In Texas Prison Reportedly Known For Extreme Violence & High COVID Infection
Josh Duggar is serving 151 months in a Texas federal prison reportedly known for it's extreme violence and high rates of COVID cases.
June 28, 2022 6:35PM EDT
Image Credit: Danny Johnston/AP/Shutterstock
Josh Duggar, 34, has been transferred to a federal prison one month after he was sentenced in his child pornography case. The disgraced 19 Kids and Counting star will now serve his 12-year child pornography sentence at FCI Seagoville in Dallas, Texas, which has been widely reported as having problems with violence, inmate overcrowding, and high reports of COVID cases.
More AboutJosh Duggar
Josh Duggar Seen In 1st Prison Photo & Looks Unrecognizable With Long Shaggy Beard
Josh Duggar is serving his 12-year prison sentence at FCI Seagoville in Dallas, Texas (Danny Johnston/AP/Shutterstock)
On May 25, Josh was sentenced to 151 months in federal prison, followed by 20 years of supervised release for his child pornography conviction in the Western District of Arkansas Federal Court in Fayetteville in December 2021. Following Josh's sentence, the court advised he be transferred to either federal facility in Seagoville or Texarkana. On June 24, Josh was transferred out of the Washington County Detention Center where he had been held since his conviction in December and moved to Seagoville where he will serve out the remainder of his sentence.
FCI Seagoville, which had an inmate escape in Dec. 2021, is described as "a low security federal correctional institution with an adjacent minimum security satellite camp and a detention center" on the Bureau of Prisons website. It is home to 1,740 male inmates, with 96 of those located at the institution's camp. In 2020, it suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak with over 1,300 prisoners testing positive; an astonishing three out of every four inmates.
In Aug. 2020, CNN featured an article on the facility, calling the prison's response to the COVID outbreak "chaotic." The publication reported that at least three inmates had died at that point and one of the inmate's family members called the facility a "petri dish." One inmate, Bobby Williams, who was taking medicine for skin cancer that reduces his immune response, said he got pneumonia after testing positive for coronavirus. "I thought I was going to die. I was passing out, I couldn't breathe," he recalled for the publication.
That same month, Forbes published a feature on the prison, calling it a "hot bed for COVID-19 in society and in prison." An inmate described a few of the conditions they experienced. "The inmate housing is entirely communal, i.e., no self-contained rooms (unlike some institutions having in-cell toilets, sinks, showers, etc.) …group interaction continues among the 150 to 300 persons confined in close proximity due to the gross overcrowding in each building which, for years, has seen every non-living area converted to bunk space," they wrote.
The disgraced reality star was sentenced to 12 years in prison following his child porn conviction (Uncredited/AP/Shutterstock)
"No social distancing whatsoever is possible here," the inmate continued. "There is simply no place in these housing units where prisoners can find six feet of distance from anyone else. Since the majority of inmates are housed in rooms containing from 5 to 14 people, the most that staff can practically direct is that inmates 'sleep head to toe' (that is, each double bunk should contain one man facing one way while the other orients his body in the reverse)."
Related: Anna Duggar: 5 Things To Know About Josh's Pregnant Wife After His Child Porn Arrest
In addition to widespread disease, there have been a number of attacks within the prison over the years. In March 2013, "John Hall, 27, an Aryan Brotherhood member and inmate" at the facility, attacked and assaulted a fellow inmate because he believed he was gay, according to a press release by the Department of Justice.
"Hall repeatedly punched, kicked and stomped on the victim's face with his shod feet, a dangerous weapon, while yelling a homophobic slur," the release read. "The victim lost consciousness during the assault and suffered multiple lacerations to his face. The victim also sustained a fractured eye socket, lost a tooth, and fractured other teeth."
A 31-page document online details Seagoville's Sex Offender Management Program (SOMP) where, back in 2018, it was estimated that 40 percent of inmates housed were sex offenders. The Bureau of Prisons recognizes sex offenders as a vulnerable population within a prison setting and Seagoville's program "consists of outpatient groups meeting 2-3 times per week for several hours," which takes 9-12 months to complete. The "moderate-intensity program" allows participants an opportunity to "learn basic skills and concepts to help them understand their past offenses and to reduce risk of future offending." The program description notes that it is offered to "offenders evaluated to have low to moderate risk of reoffending."
Josh's sentence follows his recent request for an acquittal and new trial after he was unanimously found guilty of receipt of and possession of child pornography. We previously reported that one charge against Josh was dropped after an agreement of both the defense and prosecution. It was vacated on count 2 without prejudice and U.S. District Judge Timothy L. Brooks, who was presiding, "noted that possession is a lesser included offense of the receipt of child pornography."
Celebrities Arrested In 2022: ASAP Rocky, Tiffany Haddish & More Mugshots
Tory Lanez Rolling Stone LIVE: Big Game Experience, Los Angeles, California, USA - 12 Feb 2022
2022 has been a busy year for celebrity run-ins with law enforcement. Stars haven't exactly been on their best behavior. Some stars are accused of serious crimes while others were found a little worse for wear after a long night. (Please! Do we have to remind you, there is no excuse to drink or drive?!) One star who found themself in handcuffs was rapper ASAP Rocky, seen here during the 2021 Met Gala. He was arrested in Apr. 2022 while touching down at LAX airport after a trip to Barbados with pregnant girlfriend Rihanna. He was charged with 'assault with a deadly weapon' over a Nov. 2021 shooting incident. The musical artist was released on $550K bail and as of May 2022, was awaiting a yet-to-be-scheduled hearing. Want to learn more about the stars who have been arrested this year? Look no further. Find stories, mug shots, and more in our gallery here.


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Adsorption of dyes in aqueous solutions by chitosan–halloysite nanotubes composite hydrogel beads
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 201 (2015) 190–201 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Microporous and Mesoporous Materials journal homep...
Removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption of chitosan-based semi-IPN hydrogel composites
Phosphate adsorption from aqueous solutions by disused adsorbents: Chitosan hydrogel beads after the removal of copper(II)
polymer composite microspheres for adsorption and catalytic degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solutions
Adsorption of Bezathren dyes onto sodic bentonite from aqueous solutions
poly(acrylic acid) blending hydrogel beads and adsorption of copper(II) from aqueous solutions
Adsorption of anionic dyes in acid solutions using chemically cross-linked chitosan beads
Chitosan composite beads
Removal of some 4-pyrazolone dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto different types of carbon
The removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto pistachio hull waste
Removal of different basic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption on palm-fruit bunch particles
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 201 (2015) 190–201
Microporous and Mesoporous Materials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/micromeso
Adsorption of dyes in aqueous solutions by chitosan–halloysite nanotubes composite hydrogel beads Qi Peng, Mingxian Liu ⇑, Jianwen Zheng, Changren Zhou ⇑ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
Article history: Received 18 June 2014 Received in revised form 13 August 2014 Accepted 1 September 2014 Available online 16 September 2014 Keywords: Nanotube Composite Adsorption Interactions Adsorption kinetics
a b s t r a c t Composite hydrogel beads containing chitosan and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with a well defined structure were prepared by the dropping and pH-precipitation method. The influence of HNTs on the appearance, diameter, microstructures, and thermal stability of the chitosan beads was characterized. The composite hydrogels exhibit slightly increased diameter and improved thermal stability. A rough surface and high concentration of the nanotubes in the bead core are found in the composite beads. The hydrogel beads were employed as absorbents for removal of methylene blue and malachite green from aqueous solutions and the fundamental adsorption behavior was studied. Both Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models can fit the isotherm absorption data well. The addition of HNTs can significantly increase the adsorption rate of chitosan beads for the two dyes. Moreover, with the increase of the amount of hydrogel beads in the dye solution, the removal ratio of dyes increases but the absorption amount per unit absorbent weight gradually reduces. The adsorption kinetics closely follows pseudo-second order model. The regeneration experimental shows that the adsorption ability of all the beads can be recovered especially for methylene blue. So the chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogels can be potentially used for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction It is important to find an effective way of dyes pollution treatment for our environment, because dyes are harmful to human beings and toxic to microorganisms [1]. The dyes can cause the decrease of water transmittance and hinder the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms simultaneously. Furthermore, the dyes can disturb the aquatic photosynthesis and damage the ecosystem [2,3]. To address this problem, various natural or synthesized materials have been used for treatment of the wastewater by adsorption of the dyes. Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, contains amino groups and hydroxyl groups, which generates strong adsorption and complexation interactions with dyes via the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and van der Waals force, etc [4–6]. The adsorption types include physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and ion exchange adsorption, so chitosan-based adsorbent materials can absorb all kinds of dye molecules [7,8]. Although chitosan has many advantages as an adsorbent for dyes wastewater [9–15], the dye adsorption amount and adsorption rate of chitosan needs to be further improved for practical applications [16]. ⇑ Corresponding authors. Fax: +86 (20) 85223271. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Liu), [email protected] (C. Zhou). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.09.003 1387-1811/Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
One routine for solving this problem is to design and prepare chitosan nanocomposites. There are strong interactions between chitosan and nanoparticles [17–20], which is responsible for the enhancement of the adsorption properties. For example, the adsorption performance of chitosan hydrogel beads was improved by the incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for removal of congo red [21]. Graphene oxide (GO) was added into the porous spongy chitosan by the freeze-drying method. The chitosan–GO composite sponges could be used as adsorbents for methyl orange and Cu2+ ions [22]. Chitosan intercalated montmorillonite (Chi-MMT) was prepared by Monvisade et al. and the adsorption capacities of Chi-MMT for all basic dyes increased [23]. Copello et al. synthesized chitosan composite hydrogels by adding SiO2 hybrid mesoporous materials via the sol–gel method, and the prepared composites had potential applications as biosorbents [24]. Halloysite is a clay mineral composed of myriad thin tubular or fibrous crystals, which is a product by weathering and depositing [25–27]. The application of halloysite is similar to that of kaolinite, including ceramic raw materials, catalysis, and polymer nanofillers. Halloysite shows short tubular structures with high aspect ratio (ca. 20), thus it is usually called as ''halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)'' [28]. HNTs are widely used in the areas of electronics, catalysis, biological and functional materials due to their
Q. Peng et al. / Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 201 (2015) 190–201
submicron hollow tubular structure, rich reactive groups, and large surface/volume ratio [29]. Compared with other tubular nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), natural HNTs are cheap and environmentally friendly [30–32]. Due to these excellent properties, HNTs can be used as cheap and efficient adsorbents for dyes wastewater (such as methylene blue) [32,33]. However, the direct application of HNTs powder as dye adsorbent is limited, since HNTs will swell and form a highly stable colloidal suspension upon contacting with water, making their separation from water very difficult. In addition, the use of HNTs powder as an adsorbent material in columns is limited due to the low permeability of the compacted HNTs [34]. As a result, constructing composite bead adsorbent by combing HNTs and biopolymers is critical for practical applications, since they exhibit improved mechanical strength and dye adsorption performance. The individual features of chitosan and HNTs have inspired us the feasibility of combining them to make an effective composite material for dyes removal. Based on the interactions between chitosan and HNTs [35,36], this work prepared chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads by the dropping and pH-precipitation method [37,38]. The influence of HNTs on appearances, size, microstructure, thermal stability of the chitosan was investigated firstly. Methylene blue and malachite green were selected as models to evaluate the capacity of chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions [39,40]. This work provides a novel routine for preparing dye adsorption materials by simple fabrication method with high performance as well as low cost. 2. Experimental 2.1. Raw materials Chitosan (CS) was supplied by Jinan Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co. Ltd (China). The deacetylation and viscosity-average molecular weight were 95% and 600,000 g mol1 respectively. Halloysite was mined from Hunan province, China. Before using, halloysite was purified according to the reference [27]. The elemental composition of purified HNTs by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was determined as follows (wt.%): SiO2, 54.29; Al2O3, 44.51; Fe2O3, 0.63; TiO2, 0.006. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of HNTs was 50.4 m2 g1. Methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) were analytical grade and used as received without further purification (Scheme 1). Ultrapure water from Arium 611 Ultrapure Water Systems (Sartorius, Germany) was used to prepare the aqueous solutions.
2 mL acetic acid were added to 100 mL deionized water. By stirring for 6 h, 2 wt.% chitosan solution was prepared. Then 0.5, 1, 2, 4 g HNTs powder was added into the solution under stirring for 6 h to obtain homogenously dispersed chitosan–HNTs dispersion. The drop-wise addition of the dispersions into a precipitation bath containing 1 mol L1 NaOH solution under mild stirring gave rise to the chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads. Pure chitosan bead was prepared with similar procedure but without addition of HNTs. The beads were extensively washed with deionized water and preserved in an aqueous environment for future use. The weight ratio of chitosan and HNTs was 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and which was referred to CS2N1, CS1N1, CS1N2, and CS1N4, respectively. 2.3. Structure characterization of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads 2.3.1. Determining the diameter of the hydrogel beads The diameters of the hydrogel beads were determined by using the optical microscope. At least, 100 beads were tested for every group and the averages were calculated. 2.3.2. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) The hydrogel beads were soaked in ethanol solution and dried under room temperature. Afterward, the samples were cut by using a blade to observe the structures using of SEM (Ultra55, ZEISS). 2.3.3. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) TGA of the dried chitosan and chitosan–HNTs hydrogels was carried out with a NETZSCH TG 209 F3 TarsusÒ from 30 °C to 600 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min1 under N2 atmosphere. This experiment was used to study the thermal degradation behavior of the hydrogel beads. 2.4. Dyes adsorption properties of chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads Batch adsorption experiments were conducted and equilibrated using a thermostatic shaker bath operated at 90 rpm at room temperature (30 °C). All adsorption experiments were repeated at least three to ensure accuracy of the obtained data. The dye concentrations in the solutions were determined at the wavelength of 630 nm by using MK3 microplate reader (THERMO LABSYSTEM, USA). The amount of MB and MG adsorbed on hydrogel was calculated by the following equation:
qe ¼ 2.2. Preparation of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads by using dropping and pH-precipitation method The pure chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads were prepared by the dropping and pH-precipitation method. The procedure was as follows: 2 g chitosan powder and
ðC O  C e ÞV W
ð1Þ
where qe is the amount of dye adsorbed onto the unit amount of the hydrogel (mg g1), c0 is the initial concentration of dye (mg L1), ce is the final or equilibrium concentration of dye (mg L1), V is the volume of the dye solution (L) and W is the weight of hydrogel bead (g).
Scheme 1. Chemical structures of methylene blue (a) and malachite green (b).
The equilibrium isotherm was determined by placing the hydrogel beads into a series of MB solutions (5 mL) with concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.24 g L1 or MG solution (2 mL) with concentrations ranged from 0.45 to 1.05 g L1. The remaining amount of dyes in the aqueous solution was then determined at 24 h for MB and 14 day for MG (far above the adsorption equilibrium time). The adsorption kinetics was analyzed by placing the hydrogel beads into 5 mL 0.16 g L1 MB solution or 2 mL 0.75 g L1 MG solution. For the adsorption kinetics, three kinetic models, namely, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion were carried out to fit the experimental data. The influence of adsorbent dosage on dyes adsorption was examined by adding 0.002–0.01 g hydrogel beads into 5 mL 0.16 g L1 MB solution or 2 mL 0.75 g L1 MG solution.
3. Results and discussion 3.1. Appearance and diameter of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads Fig. 1 shows the appearance of prepared wet and dried hydrogel beads. It can be seen that the transparency of hydrogel beads is
2.5. Desorption and reusability experiments 0.5 mol L1 NaOH aqueous solution and acetone were selected to desorb MB and MG dyes absorbed on the hydrogel beads respectively. After removing the beads from the desorption medium, the dye concentrations were determined by MK3 microplate reader at the wavelength of 630 nm. The regenerated hydrogel beads were placed into 5 mL 0.16 g L1 MB solution or 2 mL 0.75 g L1 MG solution again. When absorption equilibrium reached, the remaining amount of dyes was determined.
Fig. 1. Appearance of chitosan and chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads in wet and dry state.
Fig. 2. Diameter of CS, CS2N1, CS1N1, CS1N2, CS1N4 wet hydrogel beads.
reduced upon the addition of HNTs [37]. For dried beads, the larger proportion of HNTs in the composite is, the more significant white color for the beads displays. All the wet beads are spherically shaped with smooth surface, while a noticeable reduced size is observed after drying. The increasing trend of size for chitosan– HNTs composite hydrogel beads is more remarkable in the dried state, because the composite beads have more materials content compared with the pure chitosan bead. The drops of the aqueous chitosan–HNTs dispersion in contact with the alkali solution do not generate opalescence, suggesting that HNTs are immobilized by chitosan hydrogel and fully incorporated into the beads' structure [34,37]. Meanwhile, the hardness of hydrogel beads increases by HNTs via hand touching the beads. Fig. 2 shows the diameter distribution of the prepared wet hydrogel beads. All the samples show normal particle size distribu-
tion. The average diameter of the hydrogel beads ranges from 2.29 to 2.75 mm. There is a slightly increased trend in bead size with the HNTs loadings. The change of average particle diameter is related to the viscosity variation of the dispersion [35]. Due to the increased viscosity, the composites beads show greater diameter than that of pure chitosan beads. Previous reports showed that the size of composite hydrogel beads composed of chitosan and laponite [41] or alginate-HNTs [37] was not affected by the addition of the nanoclay. 3.2. Microstructure of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads To investigate the influence of HNTs on the microstructures of the dried chitosan bead, SEM observation was conducted [42]. As shown in Fig. 3, the pure chitosan bead exhibits smooth outer
Fig. 3. Internal (C, F, I, L and O) and external (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M and N) structure of chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads. The concentration of HNTs is gradually increased from top to bottom.
(Fig. 3A and B) and inner (Fig. 3C) surface, indicating the uniform structure. For the composite beads with HNTs, the outer surface (Fig. 3D, G, J and M) is much rougher, while the inside of composite hydrogel beads contains a large number of HNTs (Fig. 3F, I, L and O). HNTs are disordered and coated with chitosan, suggesting that HNTs are immobilized fully by chitosan hydrogel beads inside. In addition, the nanotubes also appear at the bead outer surface (Fig. 3E, H, K and N). When investigating the core structure of the dried hydrogel beads, the HNTs are more numerous than those at the peel. This can be explained by the fact that the formation of the hydrogel beads is attributed to the pH-precipitation of chitosan solution. The large surface area and the loosen structure of the composite hydrogel beads are favorable to molecular diffusion and provide sufficient space for adsorption of dyes [34].
similar trend. Thus HNTs can enhance the thermal stability of chitosan adsorbents. Enhancement of thermal stability is attributed to two reasons. Char formation occurs at the expense of volatiles and the char itself act as a barrier and hinder diffusion of volatile loss [43]. The char residue content of chitosan–HNT composites is higher than pure chitosan (Table 1). Therefore, the chitosan–HNTs composites can improve the thermal stability compared with pure chitosan. On the other hand, there are hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction interactions [36] between chitosan and HNTs. The interfacial interactions also facilitate the enhancement of the thermal stability of the polymers [44,45]. From the TGA results we can conclude that chitosan and HNTs are compatible and the thermal stability of chitosan is improved by the addition of HNTs. 3.4. Adsorption isotherms
3.3. TG analysis of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads The thermal stability of the chitosan and chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads was studied by TG analysis (Fig. 4). From the TG curves, the most obvious stage of decomposition is at 270 °C, which is assigned to the degradation of the chitosan chains. The summary of the TGA results are shown in Table 1. The temperature at maximum weight loss rate for hydrogel beads of different proportions is related to chitosan component. With the addition of HNTs, the residual weight at 600 °C of composite evidently increases. The temperature at 5% weight loss for pure chitosan is 66 °C. While this temperature for the composite hydrogel beads with 33 wt.% HNTs increases to 146 °C, which is 80 °C higher than that of pure chitosan beads. When 80 wt.% HNTs are added, this temperature further increases to 173 °C. The temperature at 20% weight loss shows a
Both chitosan and HNTs possess abundant hydroxyl groups and unique microstructures which can adsorb dyes by various kinds of interactions. The MB adsorption isotherms for chitosan and chitosan–HNTs hydrogel beads are presented in Fig. 5. The MB absorption on CS, CS1N1, and CS1N4 hydrogel beads increases rapidly with the increase of the dye concentration until 9, 8, and 7 mg L1, respectively. When the dye concentration continues to increase, the increasing trend of qe slows down due to the saturation of the active sites of the absorbent. The qe values for the MB solutions absorbed by the composite hydrogel beads are higher than those of pure chitosan beads, suggesting the increased absorption ability by the incorporation of HNTs. Two common isotherm models for adsorption were used to fit experimental data. Langmuir isotherm model is based on the assumption that adsorption sites are identical and energetically equivalent, and only monolayer adsorption occurs in the process [46]. It is mathematically described as follows:
1 1 1 1 ¼ þ qe qmax qmax b C e
where qmax (mg g1) represents the maximum uptake of MB and b (L mg1) is the constant related to the energy of adsorption. qmax and b can be determined from the linear plot of qe1 versus ce1. Freundlich isotherm model is based on the assumption of exponentially decaying adsorption site energy distribution [47]. It is used for heterogeneous surface energy systems and can be given as follows:
ln qe ¼
1 ln C e þ ln K F n
Table 1 Summary of the TGA results for CS, HNTs and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads. HNTs composition (w/w%)
Temperature at 5% weight loss (°C)
Temperature at 20% weight loss (°C)
Remaining weight (%)
226 266 271 288 405 –
Temperature at maximum weight loss rate (°C) 273 271 268 268 270 483
qe, mg/g
Fig. 4. TG curves for CS, HNTs and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads.
40 CS CS1N1 CS1N4
ce, mg/L
Fig. 5. Adsorption isotherms of MB on CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads at 303 K.
ln(qe)
1/qe, g/mg
CS CS1N1 CS1N4
ln(ce)
1/ce, L/mg
Fig. 6. Langmuir isotherms (a) and Freundlich isotherms (b) for MB adsorption on CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads.
Table 2 Langmuir and Freundlich parameters for MB adsorption into chitosan and chitosan– HNTs composites. Sample
Langmuir parameters
Freundlich parameters 2
qmax (mg g1)
b (L mg1)
1/n
KF (mg g1)
where KF is the constant that stands for adsorption capacity related to bond strength and 1/n is a constant indicating adsorption intensity. KF and n can be determined from the linear plot of ln qe versus ln ce. Fig. 6 shows Langmuir isotherms (a) and Freundlich isotherms (b) of hydrogel beads for MB adsorption. The theoretical isotherm parameters, qmax, b, KF, n and the correlation coefficients (R2) are listed in Table 2. It is found that the adsorption of all the beads is well fitted both models. It is revealed that CS1N1 and CS1N4 exhibit higher adsorption capacity than pure CS for MB in the aqueous solution. Also, the calculated value of qmax increases with the adding of HNTs. Meanwhile, all the samples have a 1/n value within 0.5–1, indicating that the prepared hydrogel beads are good absorbents for MB [48].
220 200 180 CS CS1N1 CS1N4
ce, mg/L Fig. 7. Adsorption isotherms of MG on CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads at 303 K.
Fig. 7 shows the MG adsorption isotherms of the hydrogel beads. The qe values increase with an increase of dye concentration for all the samples. The MG absorption behavior also has an obvious transition point depending on the dye concentration like MB adsorption. For example, the qe values of CS1N1 increase from 151.7 to 245. 5 mg g1, whereas the dye concentration increases from 70.9 to 236.4 mg L1. Afterward, the qe values slightly increase from 245.5 to 247.4 mg g1 with the dye concentration from 236.4 to 431.6 mg L1 at the second stage. The fitting results of Langmuir and Freundlich models are shown in Fig. 8, and the values of isotherm constants are given in Table 3. Overall, correlation coefficient for the Langmuir isotherm model is higher than that for the Freundlich isotherm model. So the Langmuir adsorption model is more suitable to describe the adsorption of MG onto CS and CS-HNTs hydrogel beads, which implies the monolayer coverage of MG. 3.5. Adsorption kinetics The effects of HNTs on the adsorption behavior of chitosan were investigated using MB and MG as model dyes in aqueous solution. Fig. 9 shows the influence of adsorption time on the dye adsorption capacity for different beads. The adsorption curves of MB for all the samples can be divided into two parts: an initial rapid adsorption stages within a short time and next a slow adsorption process [49]. The adsorption rates of MB are fast for the hydrogel beads in the first 20 min and then the rates gradually decrease, and the equilibrium point reaches until 40 min. The equilibrium adsorption amount of CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads is 67.49, 68.92, and 72.60 mg g1, respectively, indicating the increased absorption ability with the HNTs loading. Besides the equilibrium adsorption amount, the qt value of the composite hydrogel beads is higher than that of pure chitosan in all the time especially at the initial adsorption stage. The adsorption rate of the composite hydrogel is also faster than that of pure chitosan, which can be seen from the slope of the three curves in Fig. 9. The numerous active sites (hydroxyl groups) of HNTs are related to the fast rates of adsorption in the initial period. With active sites gradually occupied by the dyes, the adsorption rates slow down. When the active sites are fully occupied, the adsorption amount cannot increase any more even upon extending the adsorption time, and the adsorption equilibrium reaches at this moment. The color change of the MB solution before and after adsorption by the different beads is shown in Fig. 10. It can be seen that MB is completely removed by the hydrogel beads within 40 min, eventually leaving the colorless and clear supernatant.
0.00750 CS CS1N1 CS1N4
0.00375 0.01
Fig. 8. Langmuir isotherms (a) and Freundlich isotherms (b) for MG adsorption on CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads.
Table 3 Langmuir and Freundlich parameters for MG adsorption into chitosan and chitosan– HNTs composite. Sample
Freundlich parameters
41.83 29.87 113.42
Fig. 9. Influence of adsorption time on the adsorption capacity for methylene blue.
The effect of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption property for MB was also studied. As can be seen from Fig. 11, when the amount of the CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads increases from 0.002 g to 0.01 g, the removal ratio (R) of MB increases from 85.0%, 87.2%, 88.9% to 94.9%, 95.1%, 95.2%, respectively. But the amount of adsorption per unit amount of the hydrogel (qe) reduces from 339.8, 348.7, 355.4 to 75.9, 76.1, 76.2 mg g1. This suggests that with the increase of the amount of hydrogel beads in solution, the removal ratio of dyes gradually increases but the value of qe gradually reduces. The reasons of this phenomenon is attributed to the increased active sites for dye adsorption with the increase in the adsorbent amount, leading to the increased removal ratio and decreased concentration of MB remaining in the solution. However, the total amounts of MB keep constant in this system, leading to a decrease in absorption amount per unite absorbent weight. In order to investigate the mechanism and characteristics of dye adsorption behavior, the adsorption kinetics of MB on samples were fitted by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic model. The pseudo-first-order kinetic equation [50] and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation [51] are expressed as:
lnðqe  qt Þ ¼ lnqe  k1 t
t 1 t ¼ þ qt k2 q2e qe
where qe and qt are the amounts of dyes adsorbed on the hydrogel beads (mg g1) at equilibrium and time t (min), respectively; k1
Fig. 10. Photographs the methylene blue solution before (a) and after (b) adsorption by the chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads.
Fig. 11. Influence of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption property for methylene blue. The relationship of adsorbent dosage and qe (a), adsorbent dosage and removal ratio (b).
(min1) is the adsorption rate constant of pseudo-first-order model and k2 (g mg1 min1) is the adsorption rate constant of the pseudo-second-order adsorption. To examine the steps involved during adsorption, the intra-particle diffusion model [52] was employed.
qt ¼ kp t 1=2 þ C
pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.8884–0.9614). Also, the calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,cal) from the pseudo-second-order model was approximately equal to the experimentally obtained equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,exp). These results indicate that the adsorption kinetics of MB by the prepared hydrogel beads can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model which implies that the overall rate of the adsorption process is controlled by chemisorption [51] [53]. The intra-particle diffusion model was further employed for examining the adsorption processes involved. The typical plot of qt versus t1/2 is shown in Fig. 12(c). It can be seen that there are two adsorption stages. The first one is a rapid stage attributed to the external diffusion of MB from aqueous phase to the external surface of the beads. The other is a slow stage where the gradual adsorption of MB on
where C is the intercept and kp is the intra-particle diffusion rate constant (mg g1 min1/2). The fitting curves are shown in Fig. 12 and the kinetic parameters are calculated and listed in Table 4. According to the values of correlation coefficients, the adsorption kinetics of MB onto the chitosan and its composite beads is better described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9991–0.9999) than by the
qt, mg/g
60 55 50 45 CS CS1N1 CS1N4
Time, min1/2
(c) Fig. 12. The linear plot of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (a), pseudo second-order kinetic model (b), and intra-particle diffusion model (c) for MB adsorption.
Table 4 Kinetic parameters for the adsorption of MB by chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composites by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion model. Sample
qe,exp (mg g1)
Pseudo-first-order 1
k1 (min CS CS1N1 CS1N4
Pseudo-second-order 1
qe,cal (mg g 42.56 37.27 29.82
k2 (g mg
Fig. 13. Influence of adsorption time on the adsorption capacity for malachite green.
Intra-particle diffusion 1
Kp (mg g1 min1/2)
0.99991 0.99996 0.99999
21.07016 26.94687 35.3974
the internal surface of porous hydrogel beads controlled by pore diffusion. MB molecules can pass through the external surfaces and travel within the interior of the hydrogel beads. The adsorption process at least include external diffusion and pore diffusion [53]. The three curves in Fig. 12(c) show R2 values in the range of 0.94– 0.98 which is lower than that calculated by pseudo second order model, indicating the intra-particle diffusion model is not the best model for fitting the MB adsorption process. Fig. 13 shows the effects of CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads on the adsorption behavior for MG at different time. CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads' removal rates of MG are faster within 48 h at the initial period. Then, the rates of adsorption reduce and the equilibrium point is reached in about 7 days. However, CS hydrogel beads' removal rate of MG is slow within 48 h and then the rate of adsorption increases gradually. At last, the equilibrium point is reached in about 7 days, but the adsorption amount is substantially lower than that of CS1N1 and CS1N4 hydrogel beads. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads is 208.0, 269.2, 276.9 mg g1, respectively. From the photos in Fig. 14, it can be seen the MG solutions nearly become totally colorless and
Fig. 14. Photographs the malachite green solution before (a) and after (b) adsorption by the chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads.
Fig. 15. Influence of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of malachite green. The relationship of adsorbent dosage and qe (a), adsorbent dosage and removal ratio (b).
Fig. 16. The linear plot of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model (a) and pseudo second-order kinetic model (b) and intra-particle diffusion model (c) for MG adsorption.
Table 5 Kinetic parameters for the adsorption of MG by chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composites by the Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion model. Sample
208.0 269.2 276.9
Pseudo-first-order
Pseudo-second-order
Intra-particle diffusion
k1 (min1)
qe,cal (mg g1)
k2 (g mg1 min1)
– 45.53102 89.12997
clear after the adsorption by the composite hydrogel beads. However, a certain amount of dye is still presence in the solution after adsorption by the pure chitosan beads. Therefore, compared with the MB, the chitosan and its HNTs composite hydrogel beads show higher absorption ability for MG. HNTs can significant improve the adsorption ability of chitosan of MG. In order to study the effects of adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads for MG, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01 g hydrogel beads were placed in 2 mL MG solution with a concentration of 0.75 g L1. The experimental results are shown in Fig. 15. When the amount of CS, CS1N1, CS1N4 hydrogel beads increases from 0.005 g to 0.01 g, the removal ratio (R) of MG increases from 79.3%, 95.0%, 96.1% to 95.0%, 97.0%, 97.5%, respectively and the amount of adsorption reduces from 237.8, 285.0, 288.2 to 142.6, 145. 5, 146.3 mg g1, respectively. With the increase of the amount of hydrogel beads in solution, the removal ratio of MG gradually increases. The adsorption efficiency of composite hydrogel beads with HNTs is higher than the pure chitosan hydrogel beads'. The adsorption kinetics of MG by chitosan and chitosan–HNTs composites was also fitted by the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic model. The fitting
curves are shown in Fig. 16 and the kinetic parameters are calculated and listed in Table 5. Consistent with the adsorption of MB, the adsorption kinetics of MG is better described by the pseudosecond-order model than by the pseudo-first-order model. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,cal) from the pseudosecond-order model is approximately equal to the experimentally obtained equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,exp). Similar with MB adsorption by the hydrogel beads, the intra-particle diffusion model fitting results also include two adsorption stages, i.e. external diffusion and internal pore diffusion. Also, the CS1N4 shows highest adsorption amount among the samples. In total, the absorption experimental results demonstrate that HNTs can significantly accelerate adsorption process and improve the adsorption ability of chitosan. The chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads have potential applications for removal of different dyes from aqueous solutions. 3.6. Regeneration of chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads To regenerate the adsorbents, the MB and MG dyes absorbed on the hydrogel beads were desorbed by NaOH solution and acetone. The reusability of CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads for MB and MG
First adsorption Second adsorption
Removal efficiency, %
100 80 60 40 20 0
CS2N1
Fig. 17. The reusability of CS and CS–HNTs hydrogel beads for MB (a) and MG (b) removal.
removal as shown in Fig. 17. It can be seen that the removing efficiency of MB at the second adsorption for all the hydrogel beads keeps above 92.0% which is slightly lower than that at the first adsorption. For example, the second removing efficiency of CS1N1 for MB is 93.33% which is only 2.35% lower than that at the first adsorption. The hydrogel beads still show the high efficiency in regeneration, indicating that the hydrogel beads can be well recovered as adsorbents for MB. However, the second adsorption of hydrogel beads on MG dye is moderated possibly due to the relatively weak desorption ability of acetone for MG and the crushing of the hydrogel beads during the adsorption–desorption cycles. With the increase of HNTs, the amount of adsorbed MG at the second adsorption process increases compared with pure chitosan bead. Therefore, the chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads are of great potential as reusable adsorbents of dyes from wastewater. 4. Conclusions Novel chitosan–HNTs composite hydrogel beads were designed and prepared by the dropping and pH-precipitation method. HNTs can be immobilized by chitosan hydrogel and fully incorporated into the beads' structure. The size of the composite hydrogel beads increases with the HNTs loading. The core of composite beads is filled with a large number of HNTs, while the outer surface of the beads is mainly chitosan by SEM result. TGA shows that chitosan and HNTs are compatible and the thermal stability of the hydrogel beads is remarkably enhanced by HNTs. Both Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models can fit the isotherm absorption data well for MB adsorption. As absorbents for removal of MB and MG from aqueous solutions, the composite hydrogel beads show accelerated adsorption process and improved adsorption ability compared with the pure chitosan hydrogel bead. With the increase of the amount of hydrogel beads in solution, the removal ratio of dyes gradually increases but the absorption amount per unit absorbent weight reduces. The adsorption kinetics closely follows pseudo-second order model. All the hydrogel beads exhibit a well regeneration property especially for MB adsorption (above 92.0%). Therefore, it can be expected to produce a good wastewater treatment material with unique structures and higher adsorption properties through the synergy of organic chitosan and inorganic HNTs. Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Guangdong Natural Science funds for distinguished young scholar (S2013050014606),
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Report "Adsorption of dyes in aqueous solutions by chitosan–halloysite nanotubes composite hydrogel beads"


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Mexico has had some great footballers throughout the years. Some of them have made it to European clubs, others have played in the local league.
Success, ability and lots of fans are some of the things they have in common, despite their role in the pitch.
From goalkeepers to strikers here's a list of some of the finest footballers that Mexico has had in its history.
These footballers have been key in Mexican football, thus they deserve special mention.
Guillermo Sepúlveda: El Tigre was one of the toughest center-backs in the league. He was strong and played two World Cups with El Tri.
Javier Hernández: Chicharito has been one of the top players in the past couple of years. The striker, who plays for Manchester United, has proven to be on the right track to becoming one of the greatest.
Juan Francisco Palencia: El Gatillero retired from football in 2011 after 22 years of success with Cruz Azul, Espanyol, Chivas, Chivas USA and UNAM.
Luis Roberto Alves: Zague got the job done, he wasn't the most technical player, but managed to score 167 times in 436 appearances with América.
Pavel Pardo: After a long period without Mexicans abroad, El Bebé was one of the first footballers that succeeded in Europe. He was the first Mexican to score in the Bundesliga.
Ricardo Peláez: He was tough, fast and had a superb header. Peláez scored twice in the 1998 World Cup against South Korea and the Netherlands.
Ramón Ramírez was an explosive attacking midfielder that showed his true potential with Chivas de Guadalajara, where he scored 26 times.
Ramírez was very fast and had a refined touch with the left foot. It was precisely from the left band that he created most of the plays; sometimes he finished them himself and in others he distributed the ball to the strikers.
Between 1991 and 2000 he received 121 caps with El Tri, becoming one of 10 players that have appeared the most with the national team.
Manuel Negrete has been internationally acclaimed thanks to his spectacular scissor kick goal against Bulgaria in the 1986 World Cup.
In Mexico, Negrete played for UNAM, Monterrey, Atlante, Toros Neza and CF Acapulco. With UNAM he had his best moments, including 370 appearances and 103 goals.
He signed with Sporting Clube de Portugal in 1986 and a year later he moved to Sporting de Gijón.
Benjamín Galindo was a smart midfielder. He had superb ball control and pass accuracy, combined with making good choices.
The long distance shots were Galindo's specialty. He had a powerful right-foot shot.
Galindo played in Tampico Madero, Guadalajara, Santos Laguna, Cruz Azul and Pachuca. He was a regular with El Tri, where he played from 1983 to 1997.
The Santos Laguna goalkeeper—dubbed San Oswaldo because of his stunning saves—is one of Mexico's most iconic footballers.
Oswaldo Sánchez was named best goalkeeper of the 2005 Confederations Cup and the third best goalkeeper of the 2006 World Cup.
Sánchez is 38 years old and has appeared in tournaments like FIFA World Cup qualifier (1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010), Copa América (2004 and 2007), Confederations Cup (2001 and 2005), Gold Cup (2003 and 2007) and World Cup (2006).
From Ocotlán, Jalisco, Carlos Salcido is a tough left-back who has recently taken a more offensive role, due to his speed and strength.
He showed his potential at the 2005 Confederations Cup and at the 2006 World Cup. His performance in both tournaments was enough for PSV Eindhoven to sign him.
He has played with El Tri since 2004, which equals to 103 caps.
He has been one of the finest midfielders in Mexico's history. His leadership was one of his biggest assets. Alberto García Aspe played for UNAM, Necaxa, River Plate, América and Puebla.
Beto was El Tri's captain and he organized the team in ways that few players have done. Despite being a midfielder, García Aspe had a powerful left-foot shot and scored 21 times with the national team.
Two of those goals came at the 1994 and 1998 World Cups, both times in penalty kicks.
One of Mexico's top scorers is Enrique Borja. The striker scored 255 goals with El Tri, UNAM and Club América from 1964 to 1977.
Borja is remembered for his unusual goals. He took every chance he could and managed to score with the strangest parts of the body, like his hip, abdomen and back.
In 1966 he scored Mexico's sole goal in the World Cup, against France.
No one has played more times with the Mexico national team than Claudio Suárez. El Emperador was capped 178 times and captained the squad for many years.
Suárez is one of the toughest center-backs the country has seen. His physical attributes set him as a strong, fast and skillful footballer.
Claudio lifted three Gold Cups and a Confederations Cup. He scored six goals with El Tri and 53 with the clubs he played for.
He is Mexico national team all-time scorer, with 46 goals. Jared Borgetti played for Atlas, Santos Laguna, Dorados, Pachuca, Bolton Wanderers, Al-Ittihad, Cruz Azul, Monterrey, Guadalajara, Puebla, Morelia and León.
During his club career he scored 252 goals and was the first Mexican to play in the English Premier League.
Borgetti was a clever striker and especially accurate when it came to headers.
He debuted when he was 17 years old with UNAM, the club where he scored more than in any other, with a total of 69 goals.
He was a natural-born striker that went to Spain in 1992 to play for Atlético Madrid. Luis was the most successful Mexican footballer in Spain since Hugo Sánchez left the country.
García set the scoring record for a Mexican in his debut season; he had 20 goals in 1992/1993.
Between 1991 and 1999, Luis García appeared in 79 games wearing El Tri's jersey and scored 29 times.
Carlos Hermosillo is the Mexican footballer that has scored more goals in the local tournament and the second all-time.
With América, Monterrey, Cruz Azul, Necaxa, Atlante and Guadalajara he scored 279 times, 153 of those with Cruz Azul.
It was in that team where he spent his best years, which resulted in 90 caps for the national team and 35 goals—he is the third best scorer of El Tri.
He shares the third place in the all-time Mexico topscorers' table with Carlos Hermosillo. Luis Hernández played for Cruz Azul in his debut season (1991/1992); however, it was in 1995 when he proved his true capacity.
El Matador was called to the first team and played his first World Cup in 1998. In the tournament, he had four goals, becoming Mexico's best scorer in World Cups and the first to score more than twice in the same edition.
Hernández was incredibly fast and strong, thus challenging the defenders and stealing the ball from them repeatedly.
Chava Reyes is the top scorer of Chivas de Guadalajara with 122 goals. He won seven championships with the club and was part of the squad known as Campeonísimo.
Reyes also wore Mexico national team jersey and played in three World Cups: 1958, 1962 and 1966. He scored 14 times with El Tri, including the qualifying goal for the 1962 tournament.
Luis de la Fuente—dubbed Pirata because his father owned ships in which he used to spend his days as a child—was one of the first Mexican footballers to play abroad.
After a superb performance at the 1934 World Cup qualifier, de la Fuente signed with Racing de Santander; he played one season before returning to Mexico.
However, El Pirata would leave the country again. In 1939 he left to Uruguay and played for Corrales, then he traveled to Argentina and joined Vélez Sársfield.
With El Tri, he played from 1934 to 1950, but never made it to a World Cup.
La Tota was the first player to appear in five World Cups (1950, 1954, 1958, 1962 and 1966). Antonio Carbajal was placed 15th in the list of the best Goalkeepers of the Century, according to the IFFHS.
Antonio played the match against Wales in Sweden 1958; after a draw, Mexico secured its first point in a World Cup.
He only played for two clubs in his career: Real Club España (1948-1950), which he left because the squad was dissolved, and León (1950-1966).
Carbajal is the only Mexican player that has received the FIFA Order of Merit.
Horacio Casarín debuted as a defender, but he was eventually moved to the attacking zone. He was 17 years old when he came off of his first game with Necaxa.
In 1938 he was part of the national team that secured the gold medal at the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Panama.
Casarín was going through his best moment when a serious injury sidelined him; Necaxa fans were so angry that they burnt the Asturias' stadium.
Horacio didn't recover until two years later and went back to professional football with Atlante. After seven seasons with that club he left to Barcelona, but couldn't shine as he did in Mexico and returned quickly.
He played the 1950 FIFA World Cup and he retired as the all-time Mexican scorer, with 256 goals to his count.
Cuauhtémoc Blanco is one of the most controversial footballers that the country has had, but certainly one of the best. He is the second all-time scorer of El Tri, with 39 goals.
He debuted in 1992 with Club América and spent there 12 seasons, although not consecutively. He played with Necaxa, Real Valladolid and Veracruz in between.
Later, he left to the United States and joined Chicago Fire for three seasons. He currently plays for Dorados de Sinaloa of the Ascenso MX (promotion league).
Cuauhtémoc became a key player for El Tri in 1999 at the Confederations Cup, where he scored six times and received the Silver Ball and Silver Boot.
He shares the record as the highest scorer of the tournament with Ronaldinho (nine goals in two editions).
From 1995 to 2010, Blanco appeared in 121 games with Mexico national team and played in three World Cups, scoring three times.
It was impossible to miss Jorge Campos on the pitch. His flamboyant kits and his charisma were his special signature.
Campos debuted as a striker, he scored 14 times in his first season with UNAM, later he earned the goalkeeper position. He stayed with Pumas for seven seasons and then moved to Atlante.
He also played for Los Angeles Galaxy, Cruz Azul, Chicago Fire, Tigres UANL and Puebla.
With the national team, El Brody appeared in three World Cups, two Confederation Cups, two Gold Cups and three Copas América.
The first Mexican to win the UEFA Champions League is considered by many the best defender in the country's football history.
Rafael Márquez played three years with Atlas before leaving to Europe. French club Monaco bought him, when he was just 20 years old. During his time at Ligue 1, Márquez brought the best out of himself and settled as a courageous defender.
After four seasons, Barcelona paid five million euros to sign the first Mexican in its history. Rafa won 12 titles in seven seasons with the Blaugrana before leaving the club to play for New York Red Bulls.
Márquez' leadership and endurance are two of his best assets. His ball touch is accurate and delicate, but he also knows how to score, as he has a super header.
With Mexico national team, Rafael has played 13 straight years and has won the 1999 Confederations Cup and the 2003 and 2011 Gold Cup and has played in three World Cups.
No other Mexican footballer has scored as many goals in Europe as Hugo Sánchez. After a few seasons in the local league and a year with the San Diego Sockers, Hugo joined Atlético Madrid.
He played four seasons with the Red and Whites before moving to Real Madrid, where he spent seven years playing with some of the finest footballers.
Sánchez won the Pichichi award five times, four of them with Real Madrid, and helped the Merengues secure five La Liga titles, one Copa del Rey and three Supercopas de España.
Hugo was recognized by the IFFHS as CONCACAF's best Player of the Century and named in Real Madrid's all-time greatest XI.
He also represented Mexico in three World Cups (1978, 1986 and 1994); however, he only scored 29 goals, thus he sits seventh in the all-time scorers list.
Sánchez was fast, strong and knew where he needed to be in the exact moment. His accuracy and fierceness were key to his success.
He held the Real Madrid record for most goals scored in one season (38) for 21 years, including his famous bicycle kick; Cristiano Ronaldo broke it in 2011 (40).


Petrotranz Inc. is a Calgary based technology company that has created a secure, easy to use, web-based communication and collaboration platform used to automate manual or inefficient processes in the energy industry.
"TO PASSIONATELY AND PROGRESSIVELY TRANSFORM THE CANADIAN ENERGY INDUSTRY THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY AND AN EXCEPTIONAL CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE."
Petrotranz Inc. is a technology company that builds, deploys and manages secure web-based industry solutions that automate and improve manual or inefficient processes in the Energy Industry. The commercial applications developed by Petrotranz are the Crude Oil Transportation System (COTS), Liquids Transportation System (LTS), Petrotranz Data Exchange (PDX) and Petrotranz Quality Management (PQM).
Petrotranz Inc.'s flagship platform - Crude Oil Transportation System (COTS) was launched in February 2008. Since the launch and the subsequent release of LTS and PDX, Petrotranz is now the primary communication and collaboration platform of choice for Producer Operators, Facility Operators and Shipper Marketers managing and reporting crude oil, segregated condensate and Natural Gas Liquids volumetric data.
As of July 2015, Petrotranz has over 1000 registered companies forecasting and reconciling over 1,250,000 bbl/d (over 6 million m3/month).


A doomed young love is tugging at critics' hearts this weekend.
"Like Crazy" is receiving some of the best reviews in a crowded crop of new releases. Anton Yelchin and Felicity Jones co-star as a couple of college students who quickly fall for each other but have trouble staying together because of immigration issues. AP Movie Critic Christy Lemire was in the minority in her negative review, saying: "Their exchanges frequently turn pouty and mopey for no good reason; it's no fun to be in that kind of relationship yourself, but watching two other people behave this way is even more agonizing." She gave the movie one and a half stars out of four.
-- "Like Crazy": Metacritic, 71; Movie Review Intelligence, 79.9; Rotten Tomatoes, 71. Average: 74.


Ragelsrivier Guest Farm borders on the fabulous Baviaans Nature Reserve with the hidden gem of the Baviaans Route from Hankey to Willowmore.
Our 2 farm-style cottages provides the perfect family getaway. The surrounding mountains, valleys and rivers provide the seclusion you need to break away. This is the perfect place to get outside, relax, unplug, and let nature recharge all of your senses.
Izaak Schryver's expedition of 1689 was the first European expedition into the area. Hunters, botanists and explorers followed after him. In 1740, the first European settlers appeared. From there, small communities, farms and homesteads sprung up in the area and are in use till this day. The area is surrounded with high red-coloured sandstone mountains, green hills and valleys and was once said to be the home of scores of renegade men who preferred the solitude of the wilderness and wanted nothing to do with government, law, religion or restraints of society.
The Ragelsrivier guest farm is situated on the popular and scenic Route 62 that runs down the Long Kloof and passes through a succession of rural fruit-growing and timber centers.
The winding and interesting route to Ragelsrivier Guest Farm starts just 3km outside of Kareedouw, from the narrow gauge railway centre of Assegaaibosch. It is a gravel road that branches off on the spectacular route to Zuuranys, the lower Kouga Valley and the beautiful area of the Moordenaarskloof. From Assegaaibosch it climbs steeply for 7km to the summit of the Zuuranys, descending into a broad valley leading past several farms before making a sudden steep descent into the ravine of the Kouga River.
The camping grounds are situated right here with clear pools up and downstream of the Kouga River causeway and can be used with permission from Ragelsrivier Guest Farm. The crossing of the Kouga River which is the start of the Ragelsrivier farm has a bush lapa deck and day facilities which is used for picnics, braai's and a campsite. From the bush lapa we also launch inflatable canoes for the exploration of the Kouga River with its pristine water, secret caves, gorges and white sand beaches. Swimming in summer is an experience never to be forgotten. Do remember to stop here at the magical causeway campsite on the Kouga River.
The road climbs steeply out of the ravine and leads past several more farms before once again descending steeply into the ravine of the Moordenaarskloof (Murderers) River. The road leads through a wild and unspoilt landscape past the reputedly haunted farm, Jammerkraal. This farm is said to be the most haunted place in South Africa. When asked, the legend of this haunted farm will be told to you by the residents of this area –who knows, maybe you will even encounter the ghosts yourself.
Ragelsrivier and the surrounding area has a wealth of historic and cultural heritage that will capture the hearts and imagination of all its visitors.


text:
Dr. Olanrewaju A. Aladeitan
Faculty of Law, University of Abuja
Lanre Aladeitan is a Senior Lecturer (Energy/Oil & Gas Law) at the Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Abuja.
Prior to his involvement in academics, he had previously practiced as Corporate/Commercial solicitor in the oil and gas unit of the Law firm of Perchstone & Graeys, Lagos and had been responsible in establishing the presence of several foreign companies in Nigeria, while restructuring and reorganizing others. He was also actively involved as a member of a restricted team of counsel to the Nigerian Club of Arrangers Banks on the third party non-recourse financing of the $1.9 billion Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas Project Plus and inter-creditor issues with Export Credit Guarantee Agencies, multi-lateral institutions and other commercial lenders. From this transaction and many others, he acquired interpersonal capabilities such as negotiation skills, effective communication, work ethics, team working, conflict resolution etc and has been transferring same at various training workshops and seminars for public, private and international institutions.
Some of his most recent legal professional assignments include providing legal opinion on "the legality or otherwise of presenting NNPC budget to the National Assembly for Appropriation" for the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC); Reviewing and vetting the Natural Gas Sales and Aggregation Agreement between the Power Holding Company of Nigeria and the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation; Reviewing and vetting the Gas Transportation Agreement between the Power Holding Company of Nigeria and the Nigerian Gas Company as well as Conducting a due diligence investigation on Petdrill Development Company Limited for private placement potentials.
He is a member of a number of professional bodies among which are the Nigerian Bar Association, The Association of MBA's, The International Council of Small Businesses and The Debt Recovery Practitioners' Association of Nigeria, the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators and the Institute of Energy Law.
Lanre Aladeitan holds a Doctor of Philosophy in Law degree from the University of Abuja and had ealier graduated from the prestigious Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife with both a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) and Master of Laws (LL.M) degrees. He was called to the Nigerian Bar in 1999. He also completed his MBA and Post Graduate Certificate in International Commercial Law at the Aberdeen Business School, Robert Gordon University, Scotland in 2004.
Dual Regulatory Agencies in the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry: An Overkill or Finding the Balance
Electricity Law and Regulation


COVINGTON, Ky. -- Four years ago, Nathan and Annie Dye took a "bike ride with a mission" to find the Covington neighborhood Nathan had visited some two decades earlier.
Not only did they find the neighborhood, Old Seminary Square, they also found their new family home.
They weren't actually house-hunting. Nathan just wanted to find the little pocket of homes he remembered so fondly.
However, when biking down one of the streets, they saw a "for sale" sign in front of a 1900 red-brick Italianate house. They looked in the windows and scheduled a tour.
"We walked in and we were like, 'This is our house,'" Nathan, a freelance copywriter, said.
The couple had an apartment on the river in the Riverside Drive Historic District, only about a mile away, but with Nathan's twin daughters from a previous marriage, Hudson and Elle, and the couple's two dogs, Rae and Cassius, space was tight.
At 2,100 square feet (though it feels even bigger), the Covington home solved that problem. It also let them keep their views of Cincinnati's skyline and the fireworks after Reds games at Great American Ball Park. They liked the neighborhood-within-a-city feel and the fact that the area was kid-friendly, with easy access to a park and low-traffic streets for riding bikes.
They weren't yet engaged when they bought the home, so they called it "the brick ring."
They've now been married for three years and have added two more children to their family.
The house, once considered blighted, had already undergone substantial renovations before they bought it. At some point, previous owners added the back of the house, including the kitchen and the room above it, and the front door has been in at least two different places during the home's history.
More recently, the owner before the Dyes remodeled the kitchen and added a half bath and closet on the first floor, among other changes.
Fortunately, in making these changes, previous owners preserved the home's character. Much of the house has original woodwork, and other features, such as pocket doors, transoms and two Rookwood-tiled fireplaces, are still intact.
The Dyes took a similar approach. Although they've added touches that reflect their eclectic, modern style, such as the striking steel light fixture in the dining room, they've also taken care to keep historic features during their renovations.
Their favorite room is the master bedroom with its Cincinnati skyline views.
"It's the most personalized, too," said Annie, an audiologist.
To make it their own, they refinished its floors and painted them black, added a wood wall behind the bed, and built a closet out of wood slats painted black.
In the master bedroom, as in the rest of the house, neutral-colored walls are covered with fun, colorful art. Many pieces are screen prints by their numerous friends in the graphic-design field.
The biggest changes the couple made involved reconfiguring the second floor to better fit their family's needs. When they bought the home, they had to walk through one of the bedrooms to get to the third floor, which they use as a bedroom and hangout space for the twins, now 11. They added an L-shaped wall to create a hallway outside the second-floor bedroom, now in use by their 2 1/2-year-old daughter, Rooney.
They also converted the house from a three-bedroom to a four-bedroom. To do so, they "reclaimed" two walk-in closets, removing the wall between them to make a room that started as an office for Nathan but is now a nursery for their 2-month-old son, Bergen.
"I had too many kids and not enough rooms left, so I lost my office," Nathan said.
But the couple solved that problem, too, building a "carriage house" office in the back yard last year. It's small, but it has enough room for desks for Nathan and his brother, a freelance graphic designer who often collaborates with Nathan on projects, plus heating and cooling units, artwork by Nathan's grandmother and even a little bar.
And the building is visually appealing in their outdoor space, where they've added flower beds and artificial turf for the kids to play on (after unsuccessful efforts to grow natural grass).
With all of the Dyes' changes added to the preexisting ones, the house is a great fit for their lifestyle. Their bike ride accomplished a mission they didn't even know they were on -- finding the perfect family home.


Learn how to draw the basic shape of things and the outline / contour of your subjects / model with the following drawing tutorials for teaching kids to draw and for anyone else who wants to learn.
When you were a child, you learned how to draw by drawing everything in a flat-like fasion. For example, you drew trees as a line with squiggly lines at the top...you drew a house as a triangle and a square. Nothing had depth to it, because children see objects as basic shapes inside their mind.
When you first learn how to draw, it is best to start drawing flat drawings...that is to say, the front faces of the objects presented. This is how children learn how to draw, and this is the right way to do it. Many times, even this is difficult for the child or the beginner artist, but the examples and simple directions on this page should help you overcome your obstacles to drawing.
Follow these directions to see if it helps you draw.
Now lets draw another picture in the same way. How about a house from the front point of view. Then after you draw this, add an adjoining shed, a well, maybe a barn (look at figure 2). To draw the entire subject in a simple way, draw a horizontal line as a base line for all the buildings ... as if it is the land / grass below the house.
Kids might now understand what parrallel lines are at a young age...they haven't been taught this yet. So if you are teaching a child how to draw, instead single line examples are giving on this page instead. As an exercise to help you learn how to draw(or to help teach the kids that you are teaching to draw) , have all the kids draw familiar household objects around the classroom or classroom...and then have them enclose each object in a square.
Below are some examples of what you might decide to draw and what we mean by easy objects with single lines.
Drawing Objects and Figures from Your Deep Imagination.
The following drawing exercises found below will help develop your imagination. The subjects and objects below are to merely be suggestive...obviously you can incorporate subjects that you want to...in this case, just ignore our suggestions. Care should be taken to select objects simple in outline and construction.
Just draw the front of a box. Now add wheels and a handle as well, thus making a wagon out of it. Can you now draw a baby doll in the wagon? Can you try to draw a boy or a girl pulling this wagon? Now Write a description of this drawing right underneath it. Try to be descriptive, for example, write about where the kids are taking the wagon. Now Draw another box. Right in front of the box, draw a flower pot on top of it. Now put a long stem with a flower inside of this flower pot. Now you can sketch out some leaves on the stem. Now place a butterfly or a bird flying near the flower. Write another caption or description underneath this drawing. Maybe write about birds and flowers and why they are there. Draw the box yet again...then place a bird cage on top of it. It might sound hard to do, but from your imagination, try to draw a bird within the cage. Draw a kitty cat near this drawn box. He can be looking at the bird that is in this cage. The cat is very fond of the bird because he looks so tasty to him. Try writing a caption from the kitty cat's point of view...what does he think about this bird?
Now, still using figure 5 as a reference, draw a log on a river bank and put a child on this log. Now draw a fishing rod in this child's hand...one with a fishing line and hook. Now draw a water line where the surface of the water would be. Now draw a fish under the water line, getting ready to bite at the fishing line's hook. Can you write a story about this picture or at least write a caption from the fishes' point of view.
Lines in different directions and angles could mean very different things. For example, a coffee cup with wiggly lines coming out of the top of the coffee cup would mean hot coffee...however, sideways lines coming out of the back of the coffee cup would mean racing fast coffee cup, speeding away...so as you can see, different lines can mean different things. By combination of different lines, and the angle of them, we are enabled to establish the meaning of lines that by themselves would not be recognized in the way we intended them. For instance, the lines in the upper left hand corner of figure 6 would not be understood as representing rain. But place an open umbrella in connection with the lines, and the eye interprets them as portraying rain. For practice, draw plain lines on paper and then add figures as here suggested.
Now Draw on the paper, the lines that you see in Fig. 7, Box A...you would have to guess what they mean...but add a boat and you turn the lines around and it looks like waves. The scallops, by themselves, represent nothing in nature. But if you invert them and place a sketch of a sailboat in the drawing, then waves are suggested in the drawing instead.
The lines inside the frame, by themselves, would hardly be recognized as representing glass, but draw objects beyond, partly hidden, and the meaning becomes clear.


text:
//// [interfaceClassMerging.ts]
interface Foo {
    method(a: number): string;
    optionalMethod?(a: number): string;
    property: string;
    optionalProperty?: string;
}

class Foo {
    additionalProperty: string;

    additionalMethod(a: number): string {
        return this.method(0);
    }
}

class Bar extends Foo {
    method(a: number) {
        return this.optionalProperty;
    }
}

var bar = new Bar();
bar.method(0);
bar.optionalMethod(1);
bar.property;
bar.optionalProperty;
bar.additionalProperty;
bar.additionalMethod(2);

var obj: {
    method(a: number): string;
    property: string;
    additionalProperty: string;
    additionalMethod(a: number): string;
};

bar = obj;
obj = bar;

//// [interfaceClassMerging.js]
var __extends = (this && this.__extends) || (function () {
    var extendStatics = function (d, b) {
        extendStatics = Object.setPrototypeOf ||
            ({ __proto__: [] } instanceof Array && function (d, b) { d.__proto__ = b; }) ||
            function (d, b) { for (var p in b) if (b.hasOwnProperty(p)) d[p] = b[p]; };
        return extendStatics(d, b);
    };
    return function (d, b) {
        extendStatics(d, b);
        function __() { this.constructor = d; }
        d.prototype = b === null ? Object.create(b) : (__.prototype = b.prototype, new __());
    };
})();
var Foo = /** @class */ (function () {
    function Foo() {
    }
    Foo.prototype.additionalMethod = function (a) {
        return this.method(0);
    };
    return Foo;
}());
var Bar = /** @class */ (function (_super) {
    __extends(Bar, _super);
    function Bar() {
        return _super !== null && _super.apply(this, arguments) || this;
    }
    Bar.prototype.method = function (a) {
        return this.optionalProperty;
    };
    return Bar;
}(Foo));
var bar = new Bar();
bar.method(0);
bar.optionalMethod(1);
bar.property;
bar.optionalProperty;
bar.additionalProperty;
bar.additionalMethod(2);
var obj;
bar = obj;
obj = bar;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<title>Media Controls: fullscreen button accessibility tests</title>
<script src="../../fullscreen/full-screen-test.js"></script>
<script src="../../resources/testharness.js"></script>
<script src="../../resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
<script src="../media-controls.js"></script>
<video controls></video>
<script>
async_test(t => {
  var video = document.querySelector('video');
  video.src = '../content/test.ogv';

video.oncanplaythrough = t.step_func_done(_ => {

    var fullscreen_button = fullscreenButton(video);
    assert_not_equals(fullscreen_button, null);

    assert_equals(fullscreen_button.getAttribute('aria-label'),
                  'enter full screen');
    runWithKeyDown(function() { video.webkitRequestFullscreen(); });

    video.onwebkitfullscreenchange = t.step_func(function() {
      assert_equals(fullscreen_button.getAttribute('aria-label'),
                    'exit full screen');

      runWithKeyDown(function() { video.webkitRequestFullscreen(); });

      video.onwebkitfullscreenchange = t.step_func(function() {
        assert_equals(fullscreen_button.getAttribute('aria-label'),
                      'enter full screen');
      });
    });
  });
});
</script>


text:
Home ➤ News ➤ Pharmaceutical Drugs
The Whole World Is Celebrating This News: Diabetes Vaccine Officially Announced
By: Pharma Tips | Views: 8468 | Date: 10-Feb-2017
In the United States alone, 1.25 million people suffer from type 1 diabetes. A vaccine used over 100 years ago for tuberculosis (bacillus Calmette-Guerin ) has shown promise in reversing this disease. This vaccine is now commonly used for treating bladder cancer and is considered to be safe.
THE VACCINE AGAINST DIABETES HAS BEEN OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED AND THE ENTIRE WORLD IS CELEBRATING THE NEWS!
The vaccine against diabetes promises to be the solution for the advance of the illness and even reversing its effects.
Salvador Chacón Ramírez, president of the Foundation "Vive your Diabetes," and Lucila Zárate Ortega, the president of the Mexican Association for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases, had a press conference where they explained that the vaccine cannot cure but there was an advance in all the cases.
Chacón Ramírez explained that every patient needed special attention. Many years passed for the disease to develop and create complications. Doctor Jorge González Ramírez is the creator of this auto-chemotherapy. 'For the first time, we've managed to standardize a saline solution for any type of diabetes, whether it is 1, 2, gestational or congenital '.
He explained the procedure in this way:
About 5 cm of blood were extracted from each patient and then they were injected with 55 milliliters of blood solution. It is refrigerated at five degrees centigrade. When the temperature changes to 37 grades, since it goes out of the body to a new temperature, a shock happens takes place and what was a problem turns into the solution inside the bottle, in such a way that the genetic and metabolic flaw is corrected or inmunometabolised in the vaccine.
The vaccine lasts for 60 days and the treatment is about one year. This vaccine is much more than a medicine; it is a medical practice that has turned into an alternative, a possible solution to stop the complications that are chronically degenerative: embolism, loss of ear; amputation, renal insufficiency and blindness, etc.
Zárate explained that the patients still have to visit the doctors of the Mexican Association for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases, because otherwise they may have consequences. 'They need help. It is a treatment, not a miracle. They must collaborate with exercises, medicines, a diet and then begin the auto-chemotherapy.'
An announcement made yesterday at the 75th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association said that the FDA will test the vaccine on 150 people who are in an advanced stage of type one diabetes.
The body of a person with type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin due to the immune system destroying the cells that create insulin. T cells are produced, and these cells create problems in the pancreatic islets, where insulin is produced. The vaccine works by eliminating these T cells.
Patients with diabetes injected with the vaccine saw an increase in the levels of a substance called tumor necrosis factor. The increased level of TNF in the system destroys the T cells that are hindering the production of insulin.
In a previous trial, patients were injected with the tuberculosis vaccine twice within a four-week time frame. The results showed that the dangerous T cells were gone, and some people even began to secrete insulin on their own.
Dr. Denise Faustman, director of the Massachusetts General Hospital Immunobiology Laboratory in Boston, is very excited about the results the BCG vaccine has been showing.
"In the phase I (preliminary) trial we demonstrated a statistically significant response to BCG, but our goal in (this trial) is to create a lasting therapeutic response. We will be working again with people who have had type 1 diabetes for many years. This is not a prevention trial; instead, we are trying to create a regimen that will treat even advanced disease."
This new five-year trial will start this summer. Those who are enrolled will range in ages from 18 to 60-years-old. The trial will use the same format as was used before by injecting patients twice within a four-week period. Patients will then have one injection a year for the next four years.
Not all diabetes experts are confident that this treatment will work. Robert Sobel, an assistant professor of endocrinology at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, explains why he is skeptical.
"I think it's a stretch to say this would have a huge impact on the millions plus type I diabetes patients in this country. We would love to do something to preserve or repopulate their beta cell mass. Historically, we have watched it dwindle and have not been able to do something (in time)."
Time will tell if this vaccine will become a viable treatment option for type 1 diabetes or not.
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text:
New fitness centre
Bryan Passifiume
ECA Review Reporter
Leaving town will no longer be the only option for those looking to keep in shape in Coronation. The Coronation and District Wellness Society is on the verge of opening up a new fitness centre, which will provide a variety of fitness equipment for residents to use. "There was a need for a fitness centre in Coronation," said Candy Brown, spokesperson for the society. "People were having to travel all of the way to Stettler to work out."
The 1200 square foot facility will feature a variety of cardio machines, strength trainers, free weights and dumbells. The society has also enlisted the help of a personal trainer, who will be available on occasion to assist members.
Funds for the facility, according to Brown, came from both fundraising amd corporate and private donations within the community. The facility will be funded primarily through memberships and operated by volunteers from the wellness society. Memberships will start at $30 per month, with discounted rates offered for those who buy a year's membership. "We've seen a huge shift in the community towards being active," said Brown. "For us to be doing it in our own community is wonderful."


At first glance Malian kora player Ballaké Sissoko and French cellist Vincent Ségal seem an unlikely pairing, but the January 11th release of their collaborative recording Chamber Music on the Six Degrees Records label proves the pairing a resounding success. Sublimely introspective and slyly intricate, Chamber Music explores the mellower, more meditative, riches of African music. Blending African and European musical traditions, Mr. Sissoko and Mr. Ségal lure the listener into a elaborate soundscape made out of equal measures of richly worked compositions and stunning virtuosity.
Son of Jelimady Sissoko, Ballaké Sissoko is an inheritor to Mali's djeli tradition of musical historian, praise singer and bard. Taking up a position in the Ensemble Instrumental National at 14, Mr. Sissoko has made a name for himself as a master of the 21-string Manding kora.
Collaborations with the likes of Taj Mahal, the Italian composer Ludovico Einaudi and Toumani Diabate has earned Mr. Sissoko much deserved international attention, as well as a recording career that includes Deli, Ballake: Kora Music from Mali, Tomora and 3 Ma.
With equally impressive credentials, Vincent Ségal earned his chops with the Orchestra Nationale de France. Not content within the strictures of the classical genre, Mr. Ségal has stepped out of the ordinary with his electric cello with the trip-hop project Burncello and worked with the likes of Cesaria Evora, Sting and Blackalicious.
The brightly worked "Ma-Ma" will certainly delight fans, as will the quiet loveliness of "Halinkata Djoubé." Other gems include the meditative revolving sound of "Future" and the stunning "Regret – A Kader Barry," a tribute song to late singer Kader Berry sung by the Ivorian singer Awa Sangho.
As unlikely as the pair might seem on the surface, Chamber Music exudes the best of both of these musicians in one remarkable collaboration.