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Creepy Child
Work, Pages with broken file links, Eastern RPG,
Star Ocean Till the End of Time
File:Star Ocean Till The End Of Time Dvd ntsc-front.jpg
The third game in the Star Ocean series, Star Ocean: Till the End of Time, is set hundreds of years after the previous installments. Fayt Leingod, an Ordinary College Student, is vacationing on a resort planet which suddenly gets attacked by aliens. A few escapes later, his escape pod crash lands on an undeveloped planet, he gets rescued by a member of La Résistance, they crash on another undeveloped planet, and they get caught up in local politics. The repercussions of the alien attack - and the reasons for it - are going to catch up with Fayt again....
It's possibly most famous (or infamous, depending on your viewpoint) for the huge plot twist that comes about halfway through the story that completely changes the scope of not just the game, but the entire series itself.
Tropes used in Star Ocean Till the End of Time include:
Action Girl: Maria Traydor, Nel Zelpher, Peppita Rossetti, and Mirage Koas.
Aerith and Bob: Fayt, Souffle, Albel....Roger.
It's even more hilarious when you realize Roger is the one who would be most out-of-place on modern Earth.
A God Am I: Luther's gotten a little too obsessed with running the Eternal Sphere.
AI Is a Crapshoot: In a truly bizarre inversion, you and your entire party. You and the entire universe are just data from the perspective of the Fourth Dimensional beings that created you.
All There Is to Know About "The Crying Game": Just about everyone are actually unknowing NPCs Inside An MMORPG.
Ambiguously Gay: Belzeber, based on his appearance and voice. However, being a minor boss character, this is actually never said straight out.
Apocalypse How: Class X-3. Earth and Vendeen both go silent, Aldian is destroyed, and varying levels of destruction/attacks by Executioners hit all the other planets in the Milky Way as well. Luther eventually pulls a Class X-4 on the whole Eternal Sphere.
Apocalypse Wow: Executioners versus the Earth's defense grid.
Arbitrary Skepticism: The respected scientists researching a device that travels through time, study magic for a living and have the event recorded on video, think people won't believe them the device warned them of extra-dimensional beings coming to destroy them.
An Axe to Grind: Roger.
And Your Reward Is Clothes: Earning battle trophies unlocks new costumes and color schemes for your characters.
And music, higher difficulty levels, and other simple little rewards.
Awesome but Impractical: Many of the most damaging Battle Skills have an overly long startup time, and said moves also tend to have high Capacity Point costs that limit what other moves can be used alongside them.
It really depends though. For instance, Max Shockwave is one of the key skills of Cliff, as well as Maria's Energy Burst. Also, Fayt's "Dimension Door" attack was so overpowered in the original Japanese release that the designers nerfed it for the US-release/Directors-cut; and it's still one of his more useful attacks.
Awesome McCoolname: Fayt Leingod. Imagine people calling him that with a straight face when he was just an Ordinary College Student.
It's even worse in the Japanese version, where his name is actually spelled Fate Linegod.
Badass Grandpa: Adray. Technically, he's a dad, but he sure looks more like a grandpa; plus, if his interactions with his daughter are any indication, he's trying to become one.
Baleful Polymorph : Masques and Masque Kings turn their enemies into vegetables or pastries temporarily.
BFG: Subverted by Maria, who despite using a small pistol, can fire one heck of a laser beam.
Butt Monkey: Cliff, in the manga.
Bonus Boss: Lenneth and Freya from Valkyrie Profile, along with the usual Gabriel Celeste and the Ethereal Queen. Also, optional Nintendo Hard palette swaps of the main party and Luther.
Bonus Dungeon: Quite a few.
Bonus Feature Failure: The two bonus characters in the Director's Cut may count. Adray is really just a less capable wizard (a spot already filled by Sophia) with a weapon set nearly identical to Albel's, while Mirage uses effectively the same attack set and play-style as Cliff (with a couple of Maria's moves thrown in) but is 40-50 levels lower. The player has the option to gain Adray early into the game when he would be at a similar level to the party, but if you opt to gain him at the next opportunity (much later near the end of the game), he'll still be at that level (Level 19 when the party is roughly 55-70).
Magikarp Power: Mirage can be a pretty strong character if the player has enough patience to work with her. She gets Maria's Triple Kick attack, among other things, and she has higher MP than Cliff, making her somewhat less prone to MP-deaths.
Peppita/Souffle can also become almost as strong as (and perhaps even surpass in strength) some of the physical fighters like Fayt and Cliff, if leveled up sufficiently.
Boring but Practical: Fayt's "Side Kick" skill. It's one of the first abilities he learns, and is pretty much exactly as it sounds like. However, it's cheap to cast in terms of both Guts and HP, has low Capacity Point requirements, grants invincibilty during its animation, and chains into itself easily for a sustained 200% damage boost. Chances are that this is going to go into both of Fayt's close-range killer move slots as soon as you get it, and will stay there through the Bonus Dungeons.
Boyfriend Bluff: Interestingly inverted when Fayt, in order to get away from an unwanted admirer, claims that Sophia is actually his girlfriend. She immediately begins to babble in embarrassment, but Fayt begs her to play along with it, which she does. Afterward she reassures him that she didn't exactly mind since she doesn't totally despise him.
Bratty Half-Pint: Roger.
Brilliant but Lazy: Fayt, arguably, since the guy does know a fair bit about machinery, as shown when he fixes a child's music box because of knowing the exact parts needed and knowing that the cannon needed a copper wire in order to properly work. However, he is shown at the beginning to be a bit of a slacker, playing video games instead of doing homework.
It's possible that, as a college student, machinery was his specialty. Also, it's common knowledge that that iron is terrible to use as wire.
Camp Gay: Belzeber. The fact that he uses a whip as a weapon doesn't really seem to help things.
Can't Catch Up: If a character is out of the party for any length of time and suddenly comes back, they return at the level they were when they left. The most blatant example of this is Sophia, who returns to the party around the middle of the game after being playable for only a couple of tutorial battles at the very beginning. Everyone else in your party is perhaps level 40-70 by this point, while she's still at level 1, and by now you're facing enemies that can insta-kill your properly levelled characters.
You can level her up (along with Peppita) easily by grinding in a different location, and, since they're at level 1, they can make the bonus battle gauge fill up faster, thus making you earn EXP easier. There's even a battle trophy for gaining 20 levels in a single battle!
Cartography Sidequest: One of the more painful examples.
Catgirl: Felinefolk and Ur-Felinefolk.
Counter Attack: Both Peppita and Albel can do this.
Crapsack World: Believe it or not, the "real" world that Fayt and co. venture into fits this trope. Let's face facts: a world that's all play and no work is not as pleasant as it sounds. Especially when you consider that, as Maria points out, it's mostly a very effective ploy for Lucifer and his cohorts to essentially be the overlords of the 4D cities.
Cursed with Awesome: Fayt and Maria.
Cutscene Power to the Max: Vendeeni disrupter rifles are either instantly lethal or heavily damaging; in an actual battle, not so much.
The Enforcers can delete entire battleships, yet never use that ability in battle. Fayt's and Maria's powers, in turn, are this trope subverted. The actual attacks can be found for battle in a bonus dungeon... after beating the main story.
Dance Battler: Peppita.
Dark-Skinned Blond: Peppita Rossetti.
Deadpan Snarker: Fayt, mostly at the beginning to Cliff.
Cliff: Look, my mission is to bring you to our leader. Until then, I'll watch out for you—trust me! You're safe as…as a turtle in its shell!
Fayt: A turtle dropping out of orbit...
Cliff: These restraints are pretty solid. Damn… They're too tight, I can't move at all...
'Fayt: Um... that's why they're called 'restraints.
Cliff: True enough. But I bet you that Mr. Super-Square, champion of the UP3 would disagree with you.
Fayt: Hah hah, very funny.
Demoted to Extra: Albel and Nel, once they become Optional Party Members.
Diabolus Ex Machina: Everything in Ameena's subplot.
Disc One Nuke: A minor one, but if you sell the 1/144 Scale Bunny you get from completing the maps for Pesotto Forest and Traum Mountains at the earliest possible opportunity, you can buy the Holy Sword for Fayt from Airyglyph much earlier than you should be able to. The sword has an ATK of 200, allowing you to cut through many early enemies with ease. The only downside is that you might have to deal with Dragon Brigade Soldiers, which you aren't meant to be able to defeat at that point in the game. However, with clever usage of the Anti-Attack Aura, it's quite possible to beat them, which nets you a great deal of EXP.
A major one is using Alchemy to make Orichalcum and Synthesis to augment your weapons with it. It's a huge Guide Dang It, but with enough money and perhaps an hour of effort, you can end up with a character doing dozens of times as much damage and turning otherwise hard bosses into Curb Stomp Battles that end so quickly that the death animation takes longer than the fight itself.
Dub Name Change: Symbology is called Heraldry in the Japanese version. Also, Peppita Rossetti or Souffle Rossetti?
Encyclopedia Exposita: The in-game dictionary is seen by some fans as better written/more interesting than the game script itself.
Mr. Fanservice: Cliff, Fayt, and Albel.
Expy: Ameena, a young, pretty flower girl whose parents are dead and later in possibly one of the saddest moments of the game, dies as a result of overexertion and her illness. Sound familiar? Incidentally, while the game was published by Square Enix, it was published in Japan by Enix prior to the merger.
Explosive Overclocking: Early on, Fayt turns his communicator into an improvised explosive by overloading it's power supply.
Fashionable Asymmetry: Albel, though justified as the gauntlet is either a prosthetic, or something that covers a severely disfigured arm.
Gameplay and Story Segregation: In the story, Fayt agonizes for a long time over whether to break the Alien Non-Interference Clause by sharing his advanced technology with the Aquarians. Long before he does so, however, all the stores are likely to be selling bombs and other gadgets he and his party cheerfully designed and distributed via the invention system.
Note that bombs and such have already existed, but only to the continent of Greeton.
Cliff claim's Norton's gun won't do much damage to a member of his species, but it does exactly as much damage to him in battle as it does to Fayt. Giving he dodges the weapon that won't effect him, there is always the option he is bluffing or referring to his ability to dodge it.
God Is Evil: Subverted. Luther is not a deity, but he sure as hell thinks he's one. In the original Japanese version, he's called Lucifer, making him more like Yaldabaoth in Gnosticism.
Genki Girl: Peppita.
Genius Bruiser: Cliff Fittir, probably. When he's not busy pulverizing Mooks with Rapid-Fire Fisticuffs and Sphere of Destruction, he's also the very capable (former) leader of Quark. In fact, he stepped down when he witnessed Maria's capacity for destruction surpassing his own...
Giant Space Flea From Nowhere: Up until the end of disc one, the Vendeeni were the oft-mentioned horrible threat to all existence which the main characters have spent the whole game either running or hiding from. When they finally show up for a proper fight, they get their asses handed to them and are never even mentioned again after the Executioners and their masters, the Sphere Corporation up in 4D space hit the stage, literally coming out of nowhere.
Global Currency: For some reason, Fol are accepted on every world, even ones that ostensibly have no contact with the galactic economy. Justified by the MMORPG nature of things, although that justification seems shaky when you leave the game and find your money is just as good. It still holds up when you realize the only area you buy things in is in a live, cosplay version of the game.
They may have modeled the MMORPG currency after their own, or the theme park uses that currency specifically to make it more authentic, or for players to get rewards for their cash grinding in game.
Gratuitous English: All over the place in the Japanese version, particularly in the menu and in battles. All battle skills are in English (mostly unchanged, and even displayed in English letters), and if you try to use an item before the cooldown runs out, you get "An item can't be used!!" (whereas nothing shows up in the English release).
Guide Dang It: The item creation system. There are so many items and equipment that you need a guide and a couple hours to get just a handful of items you want. It's also partially Randomly Drops.
Also, making two of the following characters permanent members of the party: Nel, Peppita, Albel, and Roger.
Despite being a Play Station 2 release, walking (required for one very early puzzle) is not linked to small movements of the analog like every other game for a system with a joystick based controller, but to holding the circle button. At least it's in the manual if you look for it.
Heel Face Turn: Albel; starts out as more of an Enemy Mine, but if you recruit him as one of your Optional Party Members, he definitely becomes this.
Heroes Prefer Swords: Fayt. Expressly to fit in on the underdeveloped planets he lands on. And he plays a warrior archetype in the video game simulation he plays with.
Human Aliens: Loads and loads, most prominently Elicoorians. Once the plot twist hits, though, it actually makes sense...
Idiosyncratic Difficulty Levels: Earth, Galaxy, Universe, 4D.
Ill Girl: Ameena.
Inane Blabbering
Ineffectual Loner: Albel.
Interface Spoiler: The workshop map on the invention screen shows that Aquios is the final town on that planet.
Interspecies Romance: Though almost any of the intelligent species in the Star Ocean universe could be considered to be sub-species of the same species (especially since they can interbreed), the game considers each to be different. As such, examples of Interspecies Romance can potentially include (depending on the paired endings): Fayt x Nel (Human x Elicoorian), Fayt x Mirage (Human x Klausian), and Maria x Lieber (Human x Klausian, this is the default pairing for Maria if you do not get the Fayt x Maria ending).
Innocent Flower Girl: Ameena.
Instant Awesome, Just Add Dragons: Crosell, complete with makeshift magical Wave Motion Gun strapped to his back.
Jerkass Facade: Albel is arguably putting up one of these, due to a Freudian Excuse.
Jerk with a Heart of Gold: Roger, although it only really shows if he is the one to destroy the transporter jammer.
Kamehame Hadoken: Cliff's Battle Skill Max Shockwave, as well as Albel's Fist of Destruction.
Katanas Are Just Better: Albel and Adray, for starters. Adray in particular is strange because he never unsheathes his weapon.
La Résistance: Quark.
Luck-Based Mission: The Bunny Races.
Magic Genetics: What Symbological Genetics entails.
Meaningful Name: Fayt Leingod and Maria Traydor. It should be noted, though, that Maria's surname (literally spelt "Traitor" on the Japanese official site) is actually a misnomer, since she never behaves traitorously in any way at all. Sophia gets in on the act too, if you know anything about Gnosticism (or played Xenogears or Xenosaga).
Maria could be considered a traitor; she was originally a human from the Federation, but later joins Quark, an anti-Federation group.
Mind Screw: Just try to understand how the ending works. Go ahead, just try.
The characters themselves even lampshade it, saying "look, we don't know how we won, but we won, right? Let's just go home."
Multicolored Hair: Albel.
Naive Everygirl: Sophia.
Nice Job Breaking It, Hero You piss off Luther enough for him to start deleting the universe. Good thing it doesn't actually work, or something.
Ninja Pirate Zombie Robot: Nel Zelpher's a medieval ninja wizard special forces government agent.
Odd Job Gods: Deconstructed silly if you don't let the infamous plot twist make you forget how ES views 4D, namely as the abode of the gods. 4D culture considers it chimeric for anyone to do anything they don't have the equivalent of a degree for, save for playing Sphere's games. This even extends to giving directions--looser restrictions would trample on the jobs and pay of those who do have the proper degrees, after all. This has the unpleasant effect of making 4D a practical World of Silence. Being an Odd Job God/4D citizen is not fun or fulfilling, not even with ES to distract them when not on the job. Then you remember that Odd Job Gods is how they're seen by ES's residents. They can't even figure out how to do anything meaningful that isn't directly related to their job in their escapism! In other words, the reason gods so often play around with mortals is that, even in the ultimate escape fantasy, that's how bored they are, and 4D's idea of proper employment and behavior makes the pursuit of happiness IMPOSSIBLE. In this universe, the Buddha's point that the gods should be pitied is very much on the mark...
Optional Party Member:
This game has a particularly ridiculous example; Nel, whom you have in your party for almost the whole first disc, is an optional character... whereas Adray, who barely even shows up in any cutscenes and doesn't even show up in the original version, is not optional.
If the player skips a certain forest area until beating the resident boss, it becomes possible to miss running into Roger entirely. This leaves players going through the entire game wondering who this entire set of Axe weapons sold at every shop belongs to.
The other two optional members are Peppita and Albel. Peppita reappears for the first time since the beginning of the game after being completely useless and annoying the whole 20 minutes she was on screen before that and takes a lot of grinding to get her up to a half-way useful level. Albel, on the other hand has to be sought out via a sidequest. If you complete this quest before leaving Elicoor, then Albel goes with you instead of Nel and you actually have to come back for her after you escape 4D space. The game suddenly gets a lot more interesting when the half-naked skirt-wearing Crazy Awesome Heroic Sociopath Medieval Samurai with the 17th Century worldview is suddenly thrust into the high-technology Star Trekey world of Star Ocean's Pangalactic Federation. It's not so much a Fish Out of Water situation as it is a Land Shark one.
Panty Shot: Nel and Sophia, constantly. Maria gets some with her third and fourth alternate costumes, too. And for the ladies, Albel gets some of these, most obviously if you use him to create items through smithery. (They're purple.)
Parrot Exposition: Fayt. All the time.
Person of Mass Destruction: Fayt and Maria have the ability to annihilate a battleship without any real help (Fayt is actually engineered with the "Destruction" gene, in fact) and Sophia's power allows the other two to bring that precise destructive power outside. Where it shouldn't even be able to exist.
Post End Game Content: The Maze of Tribulations, the Ursa Cave Bonus Dungeon and the rest of Sphere 211.
Pride Before a Fall: Albel comes off as having a MASSIVE ego when it comes to fighting both times you meet him before you actually get to fight him. And when you beat him, Fayt invokes this trope as he knows it will hurt him more by letting him go then just finishing him off.
Prophetic Name: It's obvious someone with a name like "Fayt Leingod" was destined for greatness. Subverted with Maria, who, despite her last name sounding suspiciously like "traitor" {Traydor} she doesn't turn out to be one.
Redheaded Hero: Nel.
Rock of Limitless Water: The Sacred Orb; a prized treasure of the Kingdom of Aquaria. As an exceedingly powerful artifact, it is desired by each of the warring factions in the galactic war. Later, it is revealed to be a debugging tool for use by the denizens of 4D Space.
Scarf of Asskicking: Nel's.
She Is Not My Girlfriend: Completely averted when Fayt, when getting a mature and unwanted woman to leave him alone, claims that Sophia is his girlfriend when she asks if she's his sister. Sophia practically plays this straight until Fayt begs her to play along with him. Not like she minds.
Shrouded in Myth: Fayt and Cliff. "Engineers from Greeton", indeed.
Shout-Out: You meet two brothers named Lucien and Lezard in Lost City of Surferio. For those who don't know, Lucian is also the name of Lenneth's love interest in Valkyrie Profile and Lezard is the name of her insane Stalker with a Crush. Also, the kid Lezard seems to be just as conniving as his counterpart, who knows what he'll grow up to be.
Lenneth and Freya also make appearances as super bosses. Interestingly, like Lucian and Lezard, Lenneth was also turned into a little kid and has small animal-like ears.
There's also the Lezard flask, also a reference to Lezard.
Given the name and description of the Sunrise Dictionary, it may be a reference to the Sunrise company, well known for the Gundam mecha series.
Sorting Algorithm of Weapon Effectiveness: In a particularly odd example, Cliff's futuristic muscle-enhancing "Mighty Gauntlet" weapon is his weakest weapon in the game, not counting crafting failures, because it's his starting weapon. Even run of the mill iron gauntlets are stronger.
Spam Attack: Cliff's "Fists of Fury" and Albel's "Air Slash of Fury" and "Double Slash of Fury".
Fayt's "Side Kick." Well, Spammed Attack, anyway. Once he gets it, he spends an awful lot of the game flying foot-first at one enemy or another.
Spell My Name with an S: Spellings (and names) change between the English and Japanese versions. Fate Linegod/Fayt Leingod, Souffle Rossetti/Peppita Rossetti, Cliff Fitter/Cliff Fittir, Mirage Coast/Mirage Koas.
Taking The Laser Blast This is how Fayt's father dies, trying to protect him from being killed by Biwig.
Take That: A very subtle upwardly-aimed one. Till the End of Time was one of the first games Square Enix published after their merger back in 2003. The game's Big Bad and his Goldfish Poop Gang of flunkies are all part of a videogame company, a company known by the shorthand "Sphere". What's that remind you of?
Teaser Equipment: When you first arrive in Airyglyph City, several powerful weapons and items are sold for 20,000 FOL or more when you'll have barely a tenth of that. Purchasing this gear early is a godsend on the higher difficulties.
Unexpected Successor: Airyglyph the Unlikely.
Universal Poison: Averted with the Antidote Symbology, which an in-game book mentions is actually one of many abilities depending on the exact kind of poison.
Unlucky/Victorious Childhood Friend: Sophia, depending on what ending you get and, in general, your opinions of what happens in the future.
If you do not get the Fayt/Maria ending, Maria will hook up with Lieber, making Marietta Lieber's unlucky childhood friend.
Wave Motion Gun: The Executioner's method of attack, as well as the Creation Cannon on the Federation Battleships.
What Measure Is a Non-Human?: The motivation of the antagonists. Since the whole universe is an MMORPG, the Big Bad doesn't see a problem with eliminating the protagonists, since to him, they're just examples of AI Is a Crapshoot.
When Trees Attack: There's a number of treant-like monsters you'll come across. While most of them can be killed using MP damaging attacks easily, you can also Kill It with Fire, a la the Blazing Sword ability.
Whip It Good: Belzeber. Roger has one as well, but only uses it in a single move.
You Gotta Have Blue Hair: Fayt and Maria.
Zettai Ryouiki: Nel and Sophia. Albel may count as an odd male variant, as he wears a sarong with thigh-high stockings.
Retrieved from "https://allthetropes.fandom.com/wiki/Star_Ocean_Till_the_End_of_Time?oldid=175131"
Eastern RPG


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To preserve the style and elegance you invested in with your Toyota Avalon, it's crucial to use only the best names in high-performance parts. Would a smart driver budget a big payment on a great comfortable luxury car, if you plan to cut costs on new parts? Luxurious sedans including the well-appointed Toyota Avalon were manufactured to be used with care and then always given proper repairs. Toyota automobiles harness gallons of muscle and grit to get the job done right with panache and agility. Toyota is known for engineering cars with unmatched value and great driver control. Your Toyota was made with the highest care and craftsmanship; it should have new replacement parts with the same high level of value. Usually found next to the exhaust manifold, the Toyota Avalon Oxygen Sensor passes oxygen levels measured in the vehicle's fuel system to the engine computer. A properly installed Toyota Avalon Oxygen Sensor continually tracks how much oxygen which is forced into your car's engine. In cases where your vehicle's air-fuel mixture is too low, reduced combustion will be the consequence; at the same time, a rich air to fuel ratio causes wear to your motor and excessive unburned fuel from your vehicle's exhaust pipe. Your car has a place in your heart because it has high performance and awesome style, and to keep it purring along in its best shape you need the acme in replacement parts and accessories. If you purchased your high-performance car to enjoy its high-end engine power and performance, insure your decision by buying first rate new parts and accessories. If you value your car or truck, be sure to use only high performance grade parts to fix it. Your Toyota is a large investment that you must protect with the newest car or truck and vehicle parts. When there are any concerns about our parts or accessories, our customer support specialists are available to you via e-mail or telephone - just our regular world-class customer service!
They are available for the following Toyota Avalon years: 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 09, 08, 07, 06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95. This part is also sometimes called Toyota Avalon O2 Sensor. We stock oxygen sensor parts for most Toyota models including Tacoma, Camry, Tundra, Corolla, 4Runner, Sienna, RAV4, Sequoia, Pickup, Celica, Highlander, Land Cruiser, Solara, T100, Matrix, Prius, Previa, MR2 Spyder, Echo, Tercel, MR2, Supra, FJ Cruiser, Venza, Yaris, Paseo, Cressida, Van, Prius V, Prius Plug-In, Prius C, Corona, Starlet and Van Wagon.
We stock these Oxygen Sensor brands for the Toyota Avalon: Replacement, Bosch, Denso, Standard Motor Products and Walker.
Developed in the 1960s, the oxygen sensor is able to measure the proportion of oxygen to the liquid or gas being measured. Planar oxygen sensors were developed for mass production, and added to cars in 1990. The O2 sensor in your car measures how much oxygen is in the exhaust. Less oxygen means a rich mixture, and more gasoline that's not burned and enters the air. More oxygen means a lean mixture, which creates pollutants that affect vehicle performance and can even damage the engine. If the sensor malfunctions, the engine doesn't know how much fuel to use, which affects gas mileage and can cause the engine to idle roughly or stall.
The O2 sensor is usually underneath the car, screwed into the exhaust manifold. It may be in front of or behind the catalytic converter. Some cars have more sensors that measure the air/fuel mixture at each cylinder and/or in the front and rear of the exhaust. In any case, the 1995 Toyota Avalon oxygen sensor has to be working to achieve optimal performance.
How Much Does It Cost to Replace an Oxygen Sensor in a Car?
The O2 sensor is one of those Toyota Avalon auto parts you don't ordinarily think about. When you have to replace it, you'll feel it in your wallet. The sensor is by no means as much as a Toyota Avalon catalytic converter. An example is an oxygen sensor replacement in a 1995 car, which runs from $223 to $410. More current models have two oxygen sensors. Replacing one can cost close to $400, and doing both can run from under $400 to as much as $735.
The sensor can easily wear out and fail. It is also exposed to a lot of heat in its lifetime. Oil, coolant, or silicone can contaminate the sensor and cause trouble. If there are any fluids involved, its source must be found for the problem to be resolved. If not, then any new sensor will have the same problem. Like any part, such as a Toyota Avalon mass air flow sensor, the O2 sensor can eventually lose its accuracy and dependability. If it fails you'll likely see the Check Engine light or a trouble code on the instrument panel. Your car will also fail an emissions test.
An oxygen sensor can cost you, especially if you need one for a new vehicle. There are opportunities for savings, so a seemingly innocuous repair doesn't drain your wallet. You can go to PartsGeek.com, which sells all the auto parts and accessories in its catalog, including the O2 sensor and Toyota Avalon EGR valve, exclusively on the Internet. That makes our business less expensive to operate, and easier to pass on the savings to you. As such, you can more affordably fix, maintain, and keep your car running like new for as long as possible, without costly delays that can ruin your vehicle.
I have always been very happy with Denso parts for my 1995 Avalon and 2000 Camry. Denso supplied many of the original equipment parts. This oxygen sensor comes with a small tube of anti-freeze compound - a good thing. That said, the proof is in the longevity of the sensor, and I cannot assess that at this time.
Part arrived promptly, and it fits my vehicle well. It was very easy to install. I like the fact that it also came with the anti-cease grease. Part is working well so far. THe check engine light has not come back on. VEry happy.
The part arrived in only a couple of days. Impressive!


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ALT Magazine November 30, 2022
Chasity Russell – President
Pink Behind the Thin Blue Line (PBTTBL) was started by Officer Jason Sprague's wife after he was killed in the line of duty here in Texarkana. When she moved away from the community, Jason Sprague's wife asked Chasity Russell, the organization's current president, to take over. Chasity was a natural fit for the position because of her status as a board member and her strong ties to the law enforcement community. Chasity's husband is a police officer, her brother-in-law is a correctional officer, and her best friend is now the Chief of Police. "I originally joined PBTTBL to have some comradery with local police families because the odd hours, tough job, and stress are so different from other professions. Little did I know that I joined PBTTBL at the peak of the negative press for police officers, and as the years have gone on, the hatred and fear of police seems to have gotten worse," Chasity says. "Through this organization, we want to show our local officers that they have support in the community. I figured if we could reach one child and change their perception of officers, it would be worth it. Our officers are people too, and they joined the force to help others."
The mission of PBTTBL is to "bridge the gap between our officers and the community they protect and serve." Volunteers work towards this goal behind the scenes by helping both community members and officers in need. "Most of our activities are not ones we publicize due to their personal nature; however, we have assisted officers in giving back to the community in many ways," Chasity says. "We are currently working on a free hygiene store at the Washington Community Development Center, and each year, we help Texarkana Arkansas Police Department (TAPD) with PRIDE week. We also assist with the Shop with a Cop event and the Cops and Kids Dinner with the Orphanage and Watersprings Ranch kids."
The PBTTBL volunteers are especially fond of the Cops and Kids Dinner. "It's one of the few times that we get to see the results of our hard work," Chasity says. "We decorate the event hall, buy and wrap all of the presents, help run the event, and then break everything down and store it for next year."
However, PBTTBL does not just support events; they also provide resources for officers to meet needs in the community. "Once, an officer called and said he had a grandmother raising her two grandkids and doing her best, but the kids were sleeping on the floor. PBTTBL purchased two mattress sets, bedding, a dresser, and some decorations and gave it to the officer to deliver," Chasity says. "One time, we had an officer call and said, 'I have this kid in College Hill who has a 2-foot tree stump with a rusted-out bicycle tire rim that he is using for a basketball goal. Is there anything we can do?' So, we purchased a portable basketball goal and two basketballs, and again, the officer delivered them to the kids."
PBTTBL also helps support officers and their families as needs arise. For example, they helped with several all-male, all-police-officer beauty pageants pre-COVID that raised money for local officers and families battling cancer or other health issues. "Also, there are times when we have been made aware of officers having a challenging time financially, and we were able to provide help for the family. Honestly, anytime we help an officer, it has never been the officer that came to us; instead, it has always been another officer or a community member making the request," Chasity says. "We have held prayer vigils and fundraisers and paid for training and counseling for needy officers. We have not had to turn an officer away that has come to us with a request, and we hope to keep our funds to where we never have to turn one away."
Working with this organization has inspired Chasity to see the best in everyone and think more about the unknown struggles that many of our officers and community are facing. "Most things that we do are not publicized, and, if they are, we usually wait many years after the incident to protect the privacy of everyone involved," Chasity says. "Our PBTTBL volunteers are happy to be in the shadows, working behind the scenes to help build a stronger bond between our officers and the Texarkana community."
This holiday season, the community can best support PBTTBL's efforts by donating funds or volunteering their time to help with the Cops and Kids' Dinner event on December 13, 2022.
"If anyone wants to come help decorate for the event, we will do it the week before. Please call me and let me know if you want to help," Chasity says. "Also, we are always taking donations for the FREE Pink Behind The Thin Blue Line Hygiene store at Washington Community Development Center. We also need donations for the Police, Fire, and EMS Snack Bar at the center for any on or off-duty first responder to come in, have a snack and a cold drink, and visit with the kids."
For ways to get involved with PBTTBL and its mission, please contact Chasity Russell at 903-319-4752.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Malambo est une municipalité située dans le département d'Atlántico, en Colombie.

Démographie
Selon les données récoltées par le DANE lors du recensement de la population colombienne en 2005, Malambo compte une population de .

Liste des maires
 2020 - 2023 : Rummenigge Monsalve Álvarez

Références

Ville en Colombie
Municipalité dans le département d'Atlántico
Ville de 50 000 à 100 000 habitants en Colombie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Biochemistry professor Edgar Cahoon and agronomy and horticulture professor Tom Clemente, members of the university's Center for Plant Science Innovation, will lead Nebraska's part of the project. They expect to receive slightly more than $4 million for their research during the next five years. Their goal is to genetically enhance certain sorghum species so that the stems and leaves contain more oil and less starch. If they can do that, sorghum could rival soybeans in terms of oil production per acre.


Description: By visiting obtain a cheap hijabs, chances are that you are not as well positive what you're trying to find or else you aren't able to find that which you really want. Nevertheless, additionally, there are some things you need to remember to be able to find the best hijab to suit your needs.
To start with, you may make a hijab, without a lot of trouble. This is something you must keep in mind especially if you don't wish to put money into purchasing something that you could make regarding most likely half of the cost. However, if you are certainly not extremely sewing-inclined, it's best that you simply go ahead and purchase one.
Subsequent, you should buy them real world. Even with regard to one thing made by somebody else, hijab are still pretty low-cost and if you really do not know what you are doing withinside the stitching department, they aren't that much of a damage.
Lastly, living inside a huge Muslim neighborhood, you may well be able to find all of these in a Islamic clothing specialized go shopping or something of the dynamics. If you don't, nevertheless, it could be extremely difficult to get these types of and you'll discover youself to be baffled if you don't are now living in a good ethnically Muslim state or even location.
Then you have the decision between what patterns that you have. If you typically use an abaya, it is possible to pick whichever shade that you want, although it is mandatory you have among every colour as you will have any wider and more interesting variety.
Take into account that if you usually use additional items that it is probably smart to pick shades which are with all your outfits and also patterns which will choose these people as well. It will help you to experience nice synchronised and also why don't we face it—sometimes when one thing doesn't match up, it looks a little bit tacky. You can pick from geometric styles, dog styles, and also just about any place in in among. It's all dependent on that which you favor.
You can also select if you desire tassles or otherwise not. Tassles are usually a fascinating way of tarting the way that your ensemble seems. You could use them having virtually anything at all, but you can also wear them having gown garments. It's up to you.
Don't forget that you can acquire as well as to your veil, generally in the same devote that you simply are usually searching for the hijab. Take time to select a couple of pins that actually works the best for you personally. For example, if you're not used to sporting the head covering, you might like to select a set of hooks and that has a shut finish so that you don't end up wounding your self. If you're more experienced, you can stay with stay pins!


Let's see if we have this right. It seems the SEC is investigating the market manipulating stories in Reuters and the New York Times about Fannie and Freddie. Oh, no. That's totally wrong. Actually, the SEC is investigating the rumors about the collapse of Bear Stearns, which were somehow "misleading" despite the actual collapse of Bear Stearns.
Wall Street's biggest regulators are examining whether securities firms adequately police rumor-mongering used to manipulate stocks after shares of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac tumbled last week.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's inspections unit, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, which monitors brokerages, and the New York Stock Exchange's regulatory arm are checking whether firms have controls in place to prevent the intentional spread of misinformation, the SEC said in a statement today. They will also look at whether employees have been adequately trained.


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British Steel Pension Scheme: Transfers — [Mr George Howarth in the Chair]
Part of the debate – in Westminster Hall at 10:18 am on 10th April 2019.
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John Glen Minister of State (Treasury) (City), The Economic Secretary to the Treasury 10:18 am, 10th April 2019
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship this morning, Mr Howarth. I thank Nick Smith for securing this important debate. I know he has engaged extensively and constructively with the Financial Conduct Authority on these matters over the past year. I was pleased to meet him in February to discuss how we can avoid a repeat of the unfortunate circumstances that occurred in the British Steel pensions scheme case. I am aware of the extensive work he has undertaken with Stephen Kinnock and others from south Wales, and I know that the FCA has valued immensely that interaction to try to improve communications and other aspects raised in the debate this morning.
Many issues have been raised in the debate, and I will seek to respond to them all—particularly the importance of a well-functioning financial advice market. I have listened carefully to all those who have made observations about the aspects of that that are not functioning well.
I will refer to the lessons that have been learned specifically in the British Steel pensions case; the actions the FCA has taken to address unsuitable pensions transfer advice; the protections in place for consumers; and the issue of so-called phoenix firms—an outrageous situation where individuals seek to leave behind responsibility for a previous, failed enterprise, recreate a new enterprise and therefore absolve themselves of responsibility.
I am here as the Minister responsible for financial services. I note the questions that have been raised by Jack Dromey concerning the status and other aspects of the pensions Bill. I was in front of the Work and Pensions Committee last week with my colleague, the Minister for Pensions, so I have some observations on that, but he has lead responsibility in that area, so I shall seek to secure a response from him.
As the Minister responsible for financial services, I am committed to ensuring that a well-functioning financial advice market exists to support people to make the right decisions for them and their families. In 2015, as has been mentioned, the Treasury and the FCA launched the financial advice market review, with the goal of improving the accessibility and affordability of financial advice. The Government and the FCA have now implemented all 28 recommendations from that review and will be reviewing the advice market again over 2019 to monitor progress and report back next year.
The Government have also made financial advice mandatory for people considering a defined-benefit pension transfer where the value of the pension is over £30,000. That threshold is purposely low, given the dire consequences of taking poor advice and making unwise decisions—as has been said in relation to a number of cases this morning. That is to ensure that people consider the fact that they may lose guaranteed income in retirement and are aware of all the options available before they make such a complex decision.
Turning to British Steel, although most financial advisers offer sound advice, unfortunately there are cases where the advice people receive is not right for them. The British Steel case was one such instance and resulted from a unique set of complex circumstances. A minority of advisers were responsible for giving unsuitable advice, which resulted in losses for scheme members. The restructure of the British Steel pension scheme occurred at a time when there was considerable concern over the future of Tata Steel, and members were understandably worried about whether they were about to lose their jobs and pensions. Several public bodies were involved in supporting scheme members to decide what to do with their British Steel pension, and it would be helpful to outline their different roles, because that will bring clarity to where the issues lie and how we can address them.
The Pensions Regulator is responsible for negotiating and agreeing arrangements where an employer is unable to continue to support a defined-benefit scheme, as was the case for Tata Steel and the British Steel pension scheme. That includes guidance and oversight of the trustees and scheme administrators. As such, the Pensions Regulator was also responsible for the options available to BSPS members, the communications sent by the trustees and the deadlines for decisions to be made.
The FCA is responsible for the regulation of the financial advice market. Financial advice firms must be authorised by the FCA before they are permitted to provide advice, including on pension transfers, and advisers are required to provide financial advice that is suitable for the individual's personal circumstances.
The Pensions Advisory Service was an independent service offering free-to-consumer guidance on pension matters. As has been mentioned, it has recently been merged with Pension Wise and the Money Advice Service to create a new single financial guidance body, which is now known as the Money and Pensions Service. The hon. Member for Birmingham, Erdington asked from the Opposition Front Bench about the status of that body. The chief executive is now in place, and work is going on in this financial year to set up the processes for bringing those three entities together. There will be a series of announcements over the coming months about their intentions, but the body will operationalise in the course of the coming financial year.
As to the lessons learned from the experience in south Wales with the British Steel scheme, the independent Rookes review, which considered the communication exercise that supported members of British Steel to take decisions on their pension, reported in January. It noted that there are important lessons for organisations to learn to prevent such a case from happening again. There are, I think, 18 recommendations, and they include earlier intervention and intelligence sharing between the regulators and the Money and Pensions Service; improved support for members considering cash transfers out of defined-benefit schemes; improved guidance for trustees facing restructuring and other major changes; and improved message content clarity and channels.
The Pensions Regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority and the Money and Pensions Service have publicly committed to addressing the review's remaining recommendations. They have agreed a joint protocol to work together to ensure that consumers are appropriately protected. It includes ensuring that support and communications are in place for members of defined-benefit pension schemes, ahead of any restructures and consultations—something manifestly different from what happened in the regrettable case that we are considering. Another aim of the protocol is that there should be better co-ordination of the involvement of different public bodies through early intervention, expedited approval processes and improved information sharing. The bodies have also developed branded written materials for trustees, to ensure that there are better communications with pension scheme members, including letters to alert them to the risks of transferring out of DB pension schemes, and the giving of practical information.
I will now talk about action on unsuitable pensions transfer advice, because the British Steel case has also raised many questions about quality.
(Citation: HC Deb, 10 April 2019, c101WH)


Celebrating the actions of Autotrader.com employees, along with family and friends, as they give back with more than words to their community.
AutoTrader.com, the ultimate automotive marketplace, has built a community relations program that is driven by involvement. The brand wanted to celebrate the employee's efforts while boosting support for their charitable initiatives throughout the year. The Autotrader CR team charged Soloflight with telling their story through the development of an interactive and compelling campaign site.
Starting with the development of the campaign slogan "Actions Speak Louder," Soloflight created a site that showcased the ways that AutoTrader.com employees give back to their communities. The site pulled viewers into the experience both visually and verbally. With every move of the mouse along the horizontal scroll, viewers gained a new perspective on volunteering.
Surprise pop-ups of a quote, video or statistic greeted viewers along their journey. Each story allowed the viewer to "Give Kudos" to the person or organization being featured on the page. These comments echoed the personal quotes and videos from employees across the site. The ability to download or share photos from a 2,000+ photo gallery encouraged employees to share their story with others.


Kate has always been fun to photograph! I've photographed her since she was born. She has the best laugh and personality, BUT now there is Ann and every time is see her she gets more and more fun. She's pretty perfect. She speaks with her eyes and those wind blow curls are pretty great.


text:
Romash Shiwakoti
A blog on Genre of Film
Genre, describing it, may sound just a categorisation of films, but has a deeper meaning while explaining it. It has a history of more than 40 years, it was started in the Hollywood by categorising the production value of a movie back in the days. Like the Big 5 (Loew's MGM now MGM, Paramount, Warner Brothers, 20th Century Fox, RKO) were categorised as making the big budgeted films with famous actors which would ensure higher return value. The little 3 (Universal Pictures, United Artists, Columbia Pictures) were the ones who used famous actors with good budgets which would also give significant value return and Poverty Row (Monogram Pictures, Essanay, Republic Pictures) which had small budgets with new faces and indie touch. The term Genre was a very important issue of discussion back in the 60's which helped in identifying the production design and target audience which would lead in summarising the value of the film before the production phase. Genre also is categorisation of films according to its textual conventions, audience and critical approaches.
Can there be such a thing as a pure genre anymore?
In my opinion, yes, there can be such a thing as a pure genre. A film can be made as a pure action or a thriller or a romance or a comedy or a horror, animation, drama etc but in different textual conventions. It determines how a film has to be made. It helps in allocating the budgets, form of a film, the target audience and its critical approaches. Pure Genre can provide a convenient way to scriptwriters and film makers to produce a film. It can be more cliche ridden. Still we can see that there are some film festivals such as Fantasia Festival in Montreal, Canada which showcases Pure Genre films. It is also a fact that many films can be categorised under the banner of particular genre. Genre, has also evolved according to change in society, fashion, trends, morality, science, etc. A particular Genre can be the same as in past, but the textual conventions can be changed or lets say are changed due to the change in time and space. But these days, film genre are more sub categorised and hybridised to make larger impact on larger and collective target market.
Is it to make a Genre film interesting and entertaining these days, it must use conventions in innovative and/or hybridised ways?
Yes, to make a Genre film interesting and entertaining these days, it must use conventions in innovative and/or hybridised ways. A Pure Genre film can look stale and boring, so these days films are more revolutionised by adding multiple genres together to make it more interesting entertaining and nail biting. The very example i would like to present is Josephine Decker's "Thou Wast Mild and Lovely" (2014) where she(Writer, Director) has done a magnificent job by mixing Comedy, Romance, Horror and Thriller together making the convention hybridised and impressionistic. Thus, i found this film more interesting and entertaining. Today, many films are hybridised to get larger audience. Hybridised movie also provides innovative approaches in film practice. Using conventions in innovative and hybridised ways gives filmmakers larger approach to tell the story. It also provides multi — dimensional visual content and art practice. Film like "How It Ends" (2018), Directed by David M. Rosenthal has raised the barriers for conventions by using innovative and hybridised ways while using action, adventure and drama, apocalyptic together to tell the story even it has a classic "already watched" kinda theme.
Thus, using conventions in innovative and/or hybridised ways ROCKS!!!
At last i agree with this idea of film scholar, Christian Metz, said that genres go through a cycle of changes over time, which he labels as stages.
a classic stage, to self-parody of the classics, to a period where films contest the proposition that they are part of the genre, and finally to a critique of the genre itself
Ref: (Metz, 1975 qtd. in Hayward, 2013, p. 185).
Ref: https://medium.com/@SAEFilmStudies/fim110genre-826473e5d766
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ANOMALISA: FILM REVIEW


text:
How thousands of Iranians went from mourning a general to protesting the regime, in a week
"The positions are not mutually exclusive."
By Jen Kirby Jan 16, 2020, 6:00pm EST
Share All sharing options for: How thousands of Iranians went from mourning a general to protesting the regime, in a week
An anti-government protest in Tehran on January 14, 2020. Demonstrations erupted after Iran admitted to unintentionally shooting down a passenger jet last week.
Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
Protests erupted in Iran over the weekend as vigils to mourn the 176 victims of the Ukrainian jet crash transformed into anti-government demonstrations.
The Iranian government had tried to conceal that its military accidentally shot down the plane, killing all on board. When it finally admitted its culpability, protesters reacted with rage and fury.
It shattered the perception of national unity that seemed to exist last week, when thousands of Iranians turned out to mourn the death of Qassem Soleimani, the powerful general killed in a US targeted strike.
But neither is a full picture of Iran. Ellie Geranmayeh, an Iran expert at the European Council on Foreign Relations, said it's very possible the same people who came out to mourn Soleimani also protested the regime for its handling of the Ukrainian airline tragedy.
That's because the underlying problems plaguing Iran — corruption, economic stagnation, and mismanagement — didn't abate after Soleimani's assassination. The same issues that sparked massive protests in November continued to boil under the surface. The deaths of 176 airline passengers, and the government's attempt to conceal its involvement in them, set them off again.
I spoke with Geranmayeh about what the protests might mean and how the regime is responding. And since Iran news never stops, I threw in a question or two about some of the other developments this week.
Our conversation, edited for length and clarity, is below.
Jen Kirby
What was your first impression when these anti-government demonstrations erupted?
Ellie Geranmayeh
From May 2017 onward, Iran has experienced a phase of quite frequent protests across the country, where they can be triggered by small things. From the government budget, as happened in 2017, to much bigger issues that affect millions of ordinary Iranians, like the fuel hikes that we had back in November, to then more devastating, tragic national events like this shooting of a passenger airline.
A lot of people, particularly in November, myself included, predicted that unless there are some systematic reforms in the way the country and the economy is managed, there are going to be quite frequent cycles of protest inside Iran, triggered from anything small to anything big.
These vigils very quickly turned into protests that then — I think even more quickly than the last two big rounds of protest inside the country — turned into slogans that were anti-establishment, targeting Iran's supreme leader within hours of the protests starting.
Previously, it would take at least a couple days for the more radical slogans to emerge, but now there is no inhibition about going directly to what many inside the country are seeing as the source of the problem, which is the Iranian political establishment at large.
And how does that sit with the Iranian regime?
What I think will be more interesting to watch is how the security apparatus responds to the protesters if they do continue over a period of days or weeks. In November, it did culminate in a very brutal crackdown, which was a big shift from the way the state authorities responded to the protests in the country back in 2017 and 2018, where they were largely allowed to continue and allowed to more or less fizzle out.
In November, we saw reports of huge numbers of protesters killed and arrested. This time around, I think there has been some statement [from the top] to Iranian officials that they want a restrained response from the security forces.
What we're starting to see at the moment is a number of high-profile arrests across the country. Some people have been released, including Robert Macaire, the British ambassador, who was involved in that momentary detention. It's unclear if others have been or not. So we'll have to see if security forces respond with a very heavy fist as they did back in November.
Also, I'd put in parentheses that one the biggest shifts we're seeing in this round of protests following the shooting down of the plane is that an increasing number of supporters of the [regime] are coming out, accepting responsibility, accepting that mistakes were made, accepting that people would be allowed to protest and demonstrate their anger, and accepting that there was a total mismanagement that is unforgivable that has culminated in this event.
What might that mean for the political leadership in Iran?
Some have been saying that this is a watershed moment for the political leadership, that this should be a wake-up, that they need to now expand the political space in the country — to basically allow some breathing room for the general public.
All of this is happening as there are parliamentary elections scheduled in Iran next month. And, so far, we're not seeing great indicators that the leadership in the country is actually expanding that political space, because we've had an initial review of candidates that are allowed to run, and several high-profile reformist figures have been disqualified from running.
There is still a space of time when they could appeal and maybe change that decision. But it's a good indication that some of the more established defenders of the Islamic Republic are not seeing what's happened as a wake-up call that they need to actually have a national dialogue process, that there needs to be greater involvement of opposing views, rather than restricting the space further.
But we'll see.
How might the death of Soleimani affect those elections?
Let's go back one more step. After November, there was a lot of concern that there would be an extremely low turnout at the elections in February. After Qassem Soleimani's death, and the massive turnout at his funeral — which I think took a lot of people by surprise — there was a sense that, okay, maybe this moment of nationalism will unify people around the flag and could boost voter turnout in the elections, which is traditionally used by Iran's leadership to show legitimacy of their governance.
But now, I think after this passenger plane was shot down, it risks reverting back to an extremely low political participation, and people will look to the streets as the place to actually send messages to their leadership rather than through the ballot box.
Who is participating in these recent protests?
It's being largely led by university students in the major cities, unlike the protests in November, which was mostly the lower economic social base in Iran that was coming out to protest in multiple cities — more than 30 provinces, as Iranian officials said.
That could change. Over time, if these protests are allowed to continue, other factions of the society may well join in.
But again, I think that if there is a real threat felt by the security apparatus, there will be an extremely repressive response to these protests, and we should wait and see if that transpires, or see if protest is allowed, or if it might actually lead to some rethinking by the political establishment at the top.
Unfortunately, I remain a bit pessimistic that a) these protests are going to be allowed to grow into mass scale, and b) even if they're allowed to continue without a crackdown, there doesn't seem to be any sort of peer leadership for these protests in the way that, for example, in 2009, the so-called Green Movement had a clear leader with clear demands. That's likely to inhibit their capacity to actually sustain themselves.
And I'm also pessimistic, from what we're seeing so far, that there is going to be a shake-up of the political leadership in terms of creating some sort of a relaxation or civil political freedom at a time when Iran is facing incredible external pressures and incredible internal pressures. There are some figures inside the country that are trying to push for that, but right now, we're not seeing indications that the leadership is moving toward that direction.
What does seem odd about these protests is how swiftly the mood in Iran seemed to change. Last week there looked to be a national outpouring for Soleimani's funeral. Now, protests. Why that whiplash, so to speak?
The short time frame between the two has really undermined the Iranian position of strength it may have wanted to demonstrate to the Americans.
But I'm not surprised that eventually this whiplash came, though it came much quicker than it perhaps otherwise would have been. It was only a matter of time before some event would have triggered that whiplash, because the leadership has done very little to address the underlying causes of the protests in the country. It was a matter of when, not if.
Iran is a country of over 80 million people from diverse social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. So it's very plausible that many of the same people that came out into the street for Soleimani's funeral may have also come out on the street either in the November protests or in what we're seeing happen in the country now.
I think that's because a lot of the people who turned out for Soleimani were there to express the sentiment of nationalism, rather than necessarily support for the really elite.
The positions are not mutually exclusive, of feeling both frustrated at the US aggression but also frustrated at the mismanagement [and] corruption taking place in the country. That's one thing.
The second thing is, again, because of this diversity and the large population, you have polarized positions within the population. About 16 million or so people in the last presidential election turned out to vote for one of the more hardline candidates.
There is a base for the hardline stance in the country. It might not be the biggest proportion of the country, but I don't think we can deny that they exist — that support for the more hardline position is somehow obsolete.
After at first denying responsibility, the Iranian government admitted that it shot down the jet. It also arrested the people responsible. Does this signal some sort of opening — similar to the political space you were mentioning?
Look, the types of changes that Iran will require are systematic, and they're not going to happen overnight.
On the one hand, it is unprecedented for senior IRGC [Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps] figures to come out and publicly take ownership and apologize for mistakes. I don't remember a time when that's ever happened, at least in my lifetime looking at the country.
The fact that they are making these arrests and they said that there will be some sort of a military court, I think these are all positive steps that could get somewhere. And also I should add the fact that Iran is now being much more open with international parties to conduct the investigation.
These are all positive steps, but at the same time, for every step that's going forward there's maybe one or two steps going backward. We've had these first steps in disqualifying prominent reformist figures in the country from running for election. You've had also arrests of political, cultural activists in the country. And you're not seeing what a lot of people on the streets are calling for, which is resignations of some of the high-level people in the country that should be held, in their view, accountable for what happened.
Some low-level arrests of people who may have have pressed the button or may have not followed protocol is not going to really remove the shadow of frequent protests from the country. There is a sense on social media, "Okay, well, that doesn't quite cut it. You can apologize all you want, but we want action. And we want to see you really taking accountability for what's happened."
So even if there are some steps made to calm the current unrest we're seeing in the country, there's going to have to be a road map that explains to the public how the government can complete some of the more systematic changes that are required to tackle the economic problems, tackle the mismanagement, tackle the corruption in the country, and open up the political space.
And these are things that in any country could take years and decades. But what is necessary now is for the Iranian leadership to communicate a road map to the public about how it gets there. Right now we're not seeing indications of that.
Ultimately, the final call is made by the supreme leader. And so far, there has been a resistance by the more powerful factions toward making those systematic reforms. But maybe there's hope this tragic incident may unfold the pathway toward that kind of road map for systematic change and reform.
I wonder, particularly on the economy, if the regime is hemmed in a bit — or limited in what it can do — because of sanctions, including the United States' campaign of maximum pressure?
There is undoubtedly significant external pressure that's gotten Iran where it is. It's a country that for four decades has been under increasing US sanctions. It has for periods of time been in severe diplomatic isolation, as well as a long extended period of direct conflict with Saddam Hussein in Iraq [in the 1980s].
After the 1979 revolution, within a year, you had the start of an eight-year war. And even in the post-conflict reconstruction phase, Iran was facing sanctions after sanctions from the United States.
Then you had this moderation project that was being led by President Hassan Rouhani — which was about having a certain degree of compromise with the United States as this kind of middle way or sweet spot, where some of the hardliners in the country could still hold on to the Islamic parts of the revolution, while the republican part of the revolution could also have some space to grow.
But unfortunately, given the position President Donald Trump has taken, we'll never know if that position of moderation could have succeeded or not because it faced a major setback.
And the whole theory behind that project of moderation was to essentially have Iran's economic growth being the engine of reform in the country. By connecting Iran to international institutions, you would basically factor in the process of reforms that Iran required. We saw that even happening when the nuclear deal was signed, when there was a push to bring Iran's banking and financial regulations up to international standards.
There were steps being set in motion within the first year and a half of the 2015 nuclear deal that indicated that Iran was on its way to first economic reforms and then hopefully political reforms. But unfortunately, because of the current US stance, we'll never know if that project could have been successful or not.
And I guess that's a good place to pivot to the announcement this week that the Western European countries that were part of the nuclear deal — Britain, France, and Germany — threatened sanctions back on Iran after it said it would no longer abide by the deal after Soleimani's death. What is the endgame here for the so-called E3 countries?
It's been in the cards for a few months now. The E3 governments have been consulting on how to respond to the fact that the United States has left the deal. They were unable to provide Iran with an economic package, which would have compensated for the US position. And Iran's response has been a gradual withdrawal from its obligations, although it has made very clear that it still considered itself part of the nuclear deal.
The Europeans really don't have any good options. So they've decided that the dispute resolution mechanism, which is baked into the Iran nuclear deal, is the best way forward. And basically nobody right now is talking about this process leading into United Nations Security Council, which would snap back if they cannot come to a resolution.
This has certain costs and certain benefits. On the benefits side, the Europeans are trying to use the dispute resolution mechanism as an opportunity to find a diplomatic solution out of the current stalemate with Iran. The focus will be on creating a new environment with Iran to try and find some sort of an agreement which will at least prevent Iran from furthering its nuclear program — although on paper, the intention is to have Iran go back to full compliance with the terms of the deal.
There may be some space where there can actually be a breakthrough by using this process. If the Europeans are able and willing to actually put together some sort of an economic package — perhaps with the Russians and the Chinese — and if they convince the White House that they should be given some flexibility on US sanctions to implement that economic package, then that could also allow Iran to go back to full compliance with the nuclear deal and hold off from further military escalation with the United States.
That's the most optimistic reading of what could happen. The more likely reading is that the Europeans will momentarily win some points with Washington for acting tough toward Iran, but it won't be enough. That the US administration will not be satisfied by this news and will want the Europeans to join its maximum-pressure campaign.
We've had three years of the Trump administration, where the Europeans have unsuccessfully attempted to get the US on board with some sort of a multilateral negotiation with the Iranians. I don't see indications so far that President Trump's prepared to change his mind and take this step. But I'll caveat that by saying with Trump, you never know.
And what's the downside of this plan?
There are two other risks associated with this. One is that somewhere along this process, something happens either on the nuclear issue or on the regional issue. For example, we have something else go pop in the region, some sort of escalation that makes it extremely difficult to avoid the process reaching the United Nations Security Council.
By mutual agreement, all the parties to the Iran nuclear deal can contain the dispute resolution process within the framework of the deal before it has to go to the UN. But some external or even nuclear-related event could basically force one of the parties — and I would say maybe the weakest link here is the United Kingdom — to say, "Okay, enough is enough. We're pushing this to the UN Security Council." That basically reduces the scope and space for diplomatic initiatives.
And finally, the Europeans don't really know how Iran is going to react in the coming months, as there could be further escalation with the United States. If Iran feels that the Europeans are pressuring and cornering the country, we may actually get the opposite from Iran, which is that Iran actually expands its nuclear activity beyond what it is now, kicks out International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors, and makes the situation much more of a security dilemma to the Europeans than it is currently.
So this is a gamble that has been taken in terms of blowback risk. The E3 wants to focus on diplomatic initiatives that could result in bringing Iran and the United States to some sort of a negotiation track centered around the nuclear issue.
But, as I said, the chances of that succeeding with Trump are thin. The chances of any Iranian leader shaking hands with President Trump right now are close to zero after the assassination against Soleimani.
In reality, what may end up happening is that through this mechanism, the Europeans will end up just buying time until the November elections to keep the outer shell of the nuclear deal in place. Even though from the inside it's being hollowed out.
US-Iran tensions escalate after Trump-ordered attack
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It's time to get serious about t-shirts!
It might be nice to have red shirts so that everyone at a festival will recognize us instantly as the cool folks to talk too.
What do you think? Maybe a red shirt, with a white area which contains our logo and Illinois Kite Enthusiasts underneath?
I could also stay with the traditional white.
We have a Cafepress shop set up, but all the items just have a generic logo stuck on all of them. The image hasn't been optimized for any particular product. I can do that. Do you want any of these items?
Red is good Mike. What about doing a small logo on front and a large one on back?
Draftnik wrote: Red is good Mike. What about doing a small logo on front and a large one on back?
Not sure I want anyone staring at my chest long enough to take down a web address. It's a girl thing.
Gotcha. Still ok to have the logo on the front in what would be the pocket area (if it had a pocket)?
I think it would be cheaper to have these printed up at a local shop rather than Cafepress.
The advantage to Cafepress is that folks can order whatever they want, whenever they want and we don't have to work out payment and sizes amongst us.
Cafepress charges the same whether you have stuff on the front and the back or just the back. Local shops usually charge more for printing on both sides.
If I am not wearing on of my shirts, I am wearing one of my sponsors (Gomberg Kites) shirts. If I got David or Susie upset it could be a very expensive shirt.
We'll make a green and yellow one for you, Banshee!
I like red with a big bold IKE on the back. IKE in white to really stand out as the black lettering may get lost at a distance.
The small logo on the front looks big on the website, is that the real size? I'm not sure it's all bad that way, but I was thinking a little smaller would be nicer.
Did you have a local place in mind Mike? IME, shirts from that website stain, and fade. (Says the one who outfitted her kids with them and then fought and lost the stain battle.) Would Mr. Dave be interested in a logo on there too? Maybe we outa price all this.
Sounds great to me, I like the thought of us all wearing the same thing. It will have a good visual when we are flying together or alone, at the same place.
I agree with Chris red with white lettering will look better the red with black, web address across the top would be good minus the people with longer hair, I think under the logo might be better, just my .02.
Dave might have a connection to getting shirts too, I think I remember something being said about that when this topic came up before. Right Dave?
I can check into prices at work tomorrow. I think I can get shirts done too.
You folks just have to get me a 2XL and promise not to point out on the field to the "big red tent".
draftnik: I haven't done anything custom at the website, that's just the default setting for everything.
I have a a couple of those shirts (folks may have seen my "Curious George Flys a Rev" or "Mimi" shirt for a couple years. I haven't had any problems. Maybe you were just unlucky.
Chris: are you thinking a small logo on the front and just the letters IKE on the back? Kinda like an FBI jacket?
I'm going over to Dave's shop today and I'll mention that we are considering t-shirts to see what he says about a source/logo..
I will have you know at one time my hair was ALL the way down to my Arse!!
Will hav to try and find some shots by the weekend to show you.
Sorry to say but the shop that I work at does not dabble in shirt. Guess it was too much of a hassle for us. Oh Well I tried.
whatever you guys make, I will proudly wear one at some festivals or weekends here in California.
I know I started the Red shirt discussion, but I just found out Cafepress doesn't do backs on red shirts!
Red shirt. no back, front only.


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A filmed play by Jeff Cohen.
An eye-opening history lesson... gut-wrenching... unforgettable."
Continues to haunt me... this is the theatre of witness at its best - provocative and morally ambiguous."
An intense evening, well-played, small cast, simply staged, but very sophisticated."


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Richard Bergholz, Journalist Who Provoked Nixon, Dies
The journalist believed to be the subject of Richard Nixon's famous 1962 comment "You won't have Nixon to kick around anymore", Richard Bergholz, has died.
Bergholz was a political reporter for the Los Angeles Times. He had a stroke and died on December 26, aged 83.
The Los Angeles Times had given Nixon favorable treatment until a change of management in 1960. Berholz was the journalist who questioned Nixon in the 1962 gubernatorial race about Nixon's allegations that his opponent, Pat Brown, was soft on communism.
After he was defeated by Brown, Nixon gave a famous "last press conference" in which he delivered a rambling speech with the "kick around" remark.
Nixon was portrayed as bitter and graceless, an attitude Al Gore was called upon not to copy a few weeks ago when conceding to George W. Bush.
Filed Under: Nixon, People Tagged With: Richard Bergolz
Feb 06, 2005 Deep Throat Close To Death, Claims Dean
Apr 27, 1994 Remarks By California Governor Pete Wilson At Richard Nixon's Funeral
Mar 23, 1971 White House Tapes: Milk Price Subsidies
Apr 27, 1994 Remarks By Dr. Billy Graham At Richard Nixon's Funeral
Apr 27, 1994 Remarks By President Clinton At Richard Nixon's Funeral
Apr 27, 1994 Senator Bob Dole's Remarks At Richard Nixon's Funeral
Feb 14, 1999 John Ehrlichman, Watergate Conspirator, Dead At 73
Oct 13, 2002 Stephen Ambrose, Nixon Biographer, Dies, 66
Apr 27, 1994 Remarks By Dr. Henry Kissinger At Richard Nixon's Funeral
Dec 27, 2006 Newspapers Report Death Of Gerald Ford


Writing using proper business style is very different than using personal or academic styles. A business document is not a place to show off your vocabulary and grammar skills or to highlight your creativity. Instead, you should strive to be as clear as possible in the fewest words possible, so your readers know what action to take without wasting time reading and re-reading complicated prose.
Use short, simple sentences and short paragraphs.
Keep in mind that the longer the sentence is, the more difficult it is to understand. Readers may interpret a long sentence differently than your intent or misunderstand it altogether, which may cause them to take the wrong action.
Remember that in business writing, each idea gets its own paragraph, even if it means a paragraph is comprised of only one sentence.
Write in active voice unless it's important to disguise who took the action.
Strive to structure your sentence so the person or thing that takes the action appears at the beginning. The sentence "President Miller reviewed the report" is in active voice. "The report was reviewed by President Miller" is in passive voice.
Disguise who took the action with passive voice when necessary. For instance, if you want to inform readers of a mistake but don't want to blame a specific person for it, you might write "a mistake was made in the closing procedure."
Think about what the company would say, not what you say.
Remind yourself that your readers work for the company, not for you. Don't say "I have changed the procedure," but "the company has changed the procedure."
Consider using "we" when referring to the company if you want a more informal style or to make the readers feel as though they are participants in the action. For example, you may want to say, "we have established a new procedure."
Avoid jargon, unusual terms and made-up words unless they're the standard in your industry and you're sure everyone understands them.
Ask yourself if every reader knows the meanings of every term you use. Remove any terms that may confuse readers or define the terms the first time you use them. "Employees should review their LES (Leave and Earnings Statement) each month."
Reword any sentence that contains buzzwords (words that are in vogue) not only to increase clarity but to avoid annoying your readers. Some examples of buzzwords are "repurpose," "mindshare" and "spin-up."
Ensure that your verbs haven't been turned into nouns. It's always clearer to write "the department heads decided" than to write "the department heads have made a decision."
Talk about action, and don't weaken statements with qualifiers.
Don't write "employees should review the procedures, if possible, during their next shift" or "we are tentatively changing the schedule," because these statements aren't clear that the employees are required to review the procedure or that they can argue against the change in schedule.
Make unqualified statements like, "review the procedure" and "we have changed the schedule."
Make lists whenever possible. You can do this by using a colon and then separating list items with commas "Do the following: unlock the door, turn on the lights, etc." You can also simply make a numbered list.
What's the format for a business letter?
Reference Write a Business Letter.
What do I need to do after adding the name of the business, owner's name under that, and then my initials?
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OREANDA-NEWS. The left party of the German parliament called for the dissolution of NATO. According to representatives of the Bundestag, the North Atlantic Alliance is a threat to the whole world.
"NATO is not just outdated: today, the alliance is a serious threat to world security," said Alexander Noi, member of the Bundestag, in an interview with the newspaper. He called for "finally come to their senses" and for Germany to withdraw from the North Atlantic Alliance, before "it was too late." According to the deputy, NATO "is actively expanding the weapons and repeatedly goes to a new confrontation," which needs to be "put an end to." He added that imperialistic thinking and the fear of losing economic and ideological superiority are pushing NATO toward increased confrontation.
According to Noah, the 70th anniversary of the creation of NATO is hardly a reason for joy. It is rather an excuse that should lead to a rethinking before it is too late. Today, the military bloc is the most powerful and armed alliance in the world. It accounts for more than half of global military spending. It was during the last twenty years that NATO showed "its true face", the deputy emphasized. We are talking about an internationally-illegal war with Yugoslavia, fighting in Afghanistan, as well as other foreign operations that have led to numerous victims in order to preserve power and protect resources.
At the same time, Noah said that Germany needed to create a "collective security system with the participation of Russia" and take a course on disarmament.
NATO's military-political bloc unites most European countries, the United States and Canada. It was created 70 years ago to protect against Soviet influence.


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Look at skills such as handwriting, slouching in the seat, learning disorders, and movement in an entirely new way!
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Optimal function of our bodies occurs when our sensory and motor systems are strong and able to adapt to the demands of the environment. Today's children often struggle with fidgeting, decreased attention, and immature motor patterns which manifest themselves through frustration and behavior issues.
When our body's systems are not integrated to form a strong foundation, difficulties in many areas occur. This session provides education about using movement to improve overall function.
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1) Describe the importance of movement to higher level brain function.
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Seagull Commanders
09/28/04 | by david2 | Categories: General
An op ed piece in Military Week has an opinion on the current administration's leadership capabilities.
An absence of leadership qualities in our military leaders gives rise to terms like "Seagull" Colonels and Generals, a species known to swoop in, make a lot of noise, crap all over everything, and then fly away. But our seagulls had an advantage over Bush and Cheney. Regardless of the mistakes made and not remedied, regardless of the illogic, stupidity and sheer idiocy of our present unit's existence under a seagull commander, at least we could be 100% sure they wouldn't be around for long.
High level incompetence seems to be the natural sea-state of our militarized foreign policy, launching forth with the proud Guardsman George W. Bush at the helm and Dick "Other Priorities" Cheney as navigator.
This track record of sheer stupidity, hubris and other seagull qualities is marred only by the existence of rare officers, like retired Marine General Tony Zinni, who knew their job, led their men and women, and spoke the truth to power about the inanity of the plan to invade Iraq early on. Looking further for aberrations to the rule, we find retired Army General William Odom, conservative through and through, who speaks the truth about Bush's fantasy adventure in Iraq, politely but publicly calling it "a strategic error."
Retired officers and NCOs have had their opportunity, and we are all armchair quarterbacks now. What about active duty soldiers and Marines, who have recently seen both ugly ends of the Bush-Cheney foreign policy baby?
The words of Generals Zinni and Odom are echoed in the more earthy vernacular of thousands of military members in tanks, humvees, cockpits, trucks and mess halls and tents. These words reveal the most important tenet of leadership. With competence, an ability to learn from mistakes, and humility, there is a final critical ingredient. Leadership must demonstrate a hard-headed, stubborn and almost masochistic recognition of the truth, the harsher the better.
On the truth about Iraq, Bush and Cheney have told us it's going just fine, we are killing the appointed number of "terrorists" and "evil doers." We are winning, they say. From the key top officers, whether General Casey, General Abizaid, General Meyers or any of the lesser flag officers on active duty today, we hear only a ricochet of the President's fantasies, or else deafening silence.
But from lower ranking soldiers and marines, we hear plenty. One former marine refers to Iraq as "Bush's Magical Middle Eastern Mystery Tour." He explains why we will leave Iraq, eventually, with nothing. It is one of the rules that should have been learned early on by all leaders, even mediocre ones. Apparently Bush, Cheney and Rumsfeld missed the lecture called "Nobody wins a shitstorm."
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Q: An ambiguity regarding Gauss law in electrostatics Gauss law states that the divergence of electric field is equal to the charge density ($\rho$) divided by $\epsilon_0$. And when we discuss electromagnetic waves, we say $\rho=0$ in free space. However, the use of $\epsilon_0$ in the statement of Gauss law itself implies free space, which would obviously force $\rho$ also to be zero. Then how come the textbooks still use $\epsilon_0$, NOT $\epsilon$, when Gauss law is introduced?

A: Free space does not mean a space free of electric charge distribution. Free space means space that is not a dielectric (i.e., a space which has a permitivity $\epsilon$ that is not the permitivity of free space).
There is a different equation for Gauss's law in dielectric media. This is treated in Griffiths' book in chapter 4.

A: Free space doesn't mean that space is void of matter but it doesn't have free charge as a source for field. The term free space is region devoid of source and minimum matter presence. If you have vacuum where there is no matter of any kind, then presence of unit charge produces same field as multiple of it.


3D modeling and preparation for an AR application (augmented reality) on an Apple iPad. Main content of the application was the anatomy of the lungs and the visualization of active substances for better oxygen uptake.
The camera of the Ipad films a marker (e.g., brochure, business card). This allows a virtual object to be integrated in the filmed scene, which can be explored by rotating and approximating the Ipad to the marker.