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Hinduism-FAQ
Hinduism-AtoZ
Bhagavadgita
Saivism
Hinduism and Celibacy or Brahmacarya
by Jayaram V
Hunting, gambling, sleeping by day, censoriousness, (excess with) women, drunkenness, (an inordinate love for) dancing, singing, and music, and useless travel are the tenfold set (of vices) springing from love of pleasure. (Manusmriti 7:47)
A twice-born student, who has involuntarily wasted his manly strength during sleep, must bathe, worship the sun, and afterwards thrice mutter the Rik-verse (which begins), 'Again let my strength return to me.' (Manusmriti 2:181)
Those who know the Veda declare that a voluntary effusion of seed by a twice-born (youth) who fulfils the vow (of studentship constitutes) a breach of that vow. The divine light which the Veda imparts to the student, enters, if he breaks his vow, the Maruts, Puruhuta (Indra), the teacher (of the gods, Brihaspati) and Pavaka (Fire). When this sin has been committed, he shall go begging to seven houses, dressed in the hide of the (sacrificed) donkey, proclaiming his deed. Subsisting on a single (daily meal that consists) of the alms obtained there and bathing at (the time of) the three savanas (morning, noon, and evening), he becomes pure after (the lapse of) one year. (Manusmriti 11:121-124)
Hinduism considers celibacy (brahmacharya) as an important virtue and an essential aspect of spiritual life. Manu, the famous law giver believed that desire would only grow by enjoyment and therefore abstinence from sensual enjoyment or renunciation of all pleasure was the best course (Manusmriti 2:96-97). Manu advised young students to practice celibacy and remain on guard in the company of women as they were by nature seducers (Manusmriti 2:223).
In ancient India, students who were engaged in the study of the Vedas and the knowledge of Brahman were exhorted to observe strict celibacy. Since control of desires was considered essential for self realization and sexual desire being the ultimate of all desires, observation of celibacy became an important feature of Hindu spiritualism. The idea that a student and follower of Brahman should be a strict celibate became so ingrained in the mind of people that over a period of time the word Brahmacharya became synonymous more with the idea of celibacy than with the studentship of Brahman.
In ancient India, apart form students, even the seers and sages observed strict celibacy most of their lives even though they were married. On important occasions and prior to performing religious ceremonies, the householders also abstained from sex and observed vows of celibacy. Sexual activity was completely prohibited for all women during menstruation. Manu prescribed the following rules for householders. (Manusmriti 3:45-49)
Let (the husband) approach his wife in due season, being constantly satisfied with her (alone); he may also, being intent on pleasing her, approach her with a desire for conjugal union (on any day) excepting the Parvas.
Sixteen (days and) nights (in each month), including four days which differ from the rest and are censured by the virtuous, (are called) the natural season of women.
But among these the first four, the eleventh and the thirteenth are (declared to be) forbidden; the remaining nights are recommended.
On the even nights sons are conceived and daughters on the uneven ones; hence a man who desires to have sons should approach his wife in due season on the even (nights).
A male child is produced by a greater quantity of male seed, a female child by the prevalence of the female; if (both are) equal, a hermaphrodite or a boy and a girl; if (both are) weak or deficient in quantity, a failure of conception (results).
He who avoids women on the six forbidden nights and on eight others, is (equal in chastity to) a student, in whichever order he may live.
Orthodox Hindus believe that abstinence from sex is essential for sublimating sexual energy (retas) into spiritual energy (tejas). They also believe that when a person controls his sexual impulse, instead of going out and dissipating, his sexual energy would change its direction and goes up through the back of his spine and activates his higher chakras, or centers of spiritual energy. Ancient Hindus firmly believed that observation of celibacy was very essential to reach the world of Brahman. Celibacy is also considered important for umnarried young men because according to Hindu beliefs souls that are awaiting their rebirth are said to reside in the seminal fluid, before they are transferred to the womb
Hinduism does not consider that sex is sinful. However sexual conduct is subject to the principles of dharma. Of the four stages (ashramas) of human life, only during the stage of householder a person was allowed to have sex. Only certain types of sexual activity is considered lawful. It is also subject to the predominant qualities of sattva, rajas and tamas. Sattvic sex is that which is practiced with a pure mind out of love for the purpose of procreation. Rajasic sex is that which is practiced out of egoism in which personal pleasure and demonstration of one's strength is the chief aim. Tamasic sex is that which is practiced out of cruelty in which there is a total disregard for social norms and the consent of the partner. Sexual act is also compared to a ritual as is evident from the following verse from the Chandogya Upanishad (2.13. 1&2).
The beckoning is the invocation (binkara). Making the request is the proposal (prasthava). Lying close to the woman, that is udgitha. Lying on the top of the woman, that is pratihara. Reaching the climax is the consecration. He comes to the finish, that is nidhana. This is the hymn to Vamadeva woven out of the act of sexual intercourse. He who knows this Vamadeva chant as woven on sexual intercourse, comes to intercourse, procreates himself from every act, reaches a full length of life, lives well, becomes great in offspring and in cattle, great in fame. One should not despise any woman. That is the rule."
While celibacy was an important moral value for the students and the priests, the ruling classes rarely observed celibacy. The same was true in case of merchant communities. The tantric form of worship considered sex as an important means for spiritual transformation. But those who indulged in such practices never gained public approval at any time in the history of Hinduism and the tantric cults remained mostly secretive for fear of public disapproval.
Hindu Gods - Lord Ganesha
God and Self in Hinduism
Goddesses of Hinduism, Their Symbolism and Significance
Purusharthas in Hinduism
The History, Antiquity and Chronology of Hinduism
Ashrama Dharma in Hinduism
Death and Afterlife in Hinduism
Hinduism and Divorce
Hinduism and Adultery
Hinduism, Food and Fasting
The Future of Hinduism
Good and Evil in Hinduism
The Hindu Marriage, Past and Present
What is Maya in Hinduism?
The Origin and Definition of Hindu
Hinduism and Polygamy
Hinduism and polytheism
Hinduism and Premarital Relationships
God and Soul, Atma and Paramatma, in Hinduism
About Suicides in Hinduism
Religious Tolerance in Hinduism
Violence and Abuse in Hinduism
Traditional Status of Women in Hinduism
Ashtanga Yoga of Patanjali
About Hanuman or Anjaneya
Hinduism and Same-sex Marriage
Perspectives on What Karma Means
Hinduism - The Role of Shakti in Creation
Significance of Happiness in Hinduism
Hindu God Lord Shiva (Siva) - the Destroyer
The Role of Archakas, Temple Priests, in Hinduism
Hinduism - Gods and Goddess in the Vedas


Diabetes is a condition that affects a great number of Americans. If you are starting to experience symptoms, it is important that you control your diet and learn how to manage this condition. There are now meal plans for diabetics freely available on the internet created by nutritionists who deal with this disease every day.
Fact: All major diets and have been heavily influenced by diabetic diet plans.
Fact: Diet is the only true medicine for diabetes.
Fact: Anyone can lose 20 to 30 pounds very easily on a diabetic diet. In fact, losing weight is very easy when following a diabetic diet plan because it controls your blood glucose levels which controls your diabetic symptoms and how much fat that you will gain.
Fact: Type II diabetes is this one hundred percent preventable and can only be properly controlled with a well thought out diabetes diet.
You do not have to become dependent on medication for the disease as long as you stick to a well thought out diet plan. After all, Type II Adult onset diabetes caused by your diet in the first place. Type 2 diabetes is completely preventable, and even curable, but only by following a strict food plan. Medication alone cannot cure the disease, it can only prevent further complications.
The good news is that many places now offer free diabetic meal plans, but you have to make sure you stick to the professionally prepared scheme if you want to see a difference and prevent, or even cure, your Type 2 Diabetes. Anyone what was experiencing symptoms of diabetes can now get a free plan that will show you exactly had he brought the day and manage your blood glucose plasma levels.
You must not experiment with the food plan, especially if you are showing symptoms. This is a quick way to losing a limb because of diabetes.
I have found this resource for a Free Diabetic Meal Plan.
All you have to do is answer 5 quick questions so they can get the right diet for you.


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The hybrid domain: bri...
The Rise of the Hybrid Domain
Collaborative Governance for Social Innovation
Yuko Aoyama and Balaji Parthasarathy
By conceptualizing the rise of the hybrid domain as an emerging institutional form that overlaps public and private interests, this book explores how corporations, states, and civil society organizations develop common agendas, despite the differences in their primary objectives. Using evidence from India, it examines various cases of social innovation in education, energy, health, and finance, which offer solutions for some of the most pressing social challenges of the twenty-first century.
Collection: Social and Political Science 2016
Chapter 2 Rescaling collective action for governance in the twenty-first century
Chapter 3 The hybrid domain: bridging the state–market divide
Chapter 4 Social innovation in global contexts
Chapter 5 Social innovation in India
Chapter 6 Designing solutions for "wicked problems"
Chapter 7 Case studies from India
Chapter 8 Domain flexibility
Chapter 9 Scalar flexibility
Chapter 10 Conclusions
Chapter 3: The hybrid domain: bridging the state–market divide
28–52 (25 total)
Flowing Text
Original Pages
The debate over governance requires a better incorporation of the shifting assumptions, the blending rationales, and the multiple rescaling that are redefining and shaping the public and the private domains. We observe the rise of the "hybrid domain" as an emerging organizational arrangement with a goal of generating better solutions. Whereas Polanyi (1944) emphasized the "double movement" between state and markets, we propose to conceptually revise the scope of governance to triple movement (state, markets, and civil society), partly to fill the ideological chasm, and partly to fill the governance void that has emerged. The hybrid domain is not just the tensions between state, markets, and civil society, however. It represents an increasingly hybridized logic in economic governance, manifest in growing overlaps, spillovers, and even redundancies across public–private sectoral boundaries in fusing economic and social missions.
The hybrid domain emerges out of the limit of the two-sector model, combined with the need to deliver merit goods under rescaled governance. The hybrid logic in economic governance we observe is neither state-driven nor developed as an outcome of partisan politics and ideologies. The hybrid domain is distinguished by significant bottom-up characteristics, in which stakeholders, initially uncoordinated and disparate, gradually articulate a highly pragmatic, solution-oriented agenda. Stakeholders, who previously were characterized primarily by their public or private interests, or alternatively, their for-profit or non-profit orientations, are coming together to coordinate actions in a manner that is neither state-directed nor administered. The hybrid logic we observe today...
Open Section Asian Studies
Open Section Politics and Public Policy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dining In made Alison Roman's SALTED BUTTER CHOCOLATE CHUNK SHORTBREAD Instagram-famous, but in fact all the recipes in this most-talked-about and of-the-moment cookbook are just as much of a source of inspiration. With 125 recipes for effortlessly chic dishes that are full of quick-trick techniques (think slathering roast chicken in anchovy butter, roasting citrus to ramp up the flavor, and keeping boiled potatoes in the fridge for instant crispy smashed potatoes), it's no wonder Dining In has been dubbed a "treasure map" (Samin Nosrat, James Beard Award-winning author of Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat). Roman's recipes—vegetable-forward with quality ingredients, punctuated by standout flavors like hot honey browned butter, preserved lemon, za'atar, and garlicky walnuts—have set today's trends and are already establishing themselves as classics thanks to her devoted social media following. Her ingenuity seduces seasoned cooks, while her warm, edgy writing makes these recipes practical and approachable enough for the novice. Cooking through Dining In is the next best thing to having Alison right there with you in the kitchen: brash, funny, and full of opinions.


AAST faculty and Fulbright administrator Elecia Smith (red jacket) pose with Fall Lecture Series speaker Nikole Hannah-Jones.
The African and African American Studies Program (AAST) at the University of Arkansas is an interdisciplinary program that expands on the core disciplines of a traditional liberal arts education. We explore the legacy of the African diaspora and African descended people's global experiences.
We strive to advance social consciousness, promote equity, and support the highest level of academic excellence through critical and global thinking in the classroom and beyond. Through the study of the histories, cultures, and contemporary experiences of the African diaspora, we examine the important role that race has played in the creation of the world in which our students live.
It is an honor and privilege to serve as the director of the African and African American Studies Program. I want to first and foremost thank the African and African American studies faculty for your vote of confidence in my commitment to work diligently, collaboratively, and in partnership with the diverse college, university, and community constituents with which the African and African American Studies Program interfaces in supporting the academic excellence and achievements of our students and faculty.
Secondly, I want to extend my thanks to the former director, affiliate faculty, staff and graduate assistants, donors, and students for your past and continued service and commitment to the program's mission with special gratitude and thanks to the past Interim Directors Drs. Pearl Dowe and Yvette Murphy-Erby for their leadership, service, and support of the program over the years.
As we celebrate our 50th anniversary this year, the African and African American Studies program will continue to solidify its value as an integral asset to the University of Arkansas. You're invited to join in the celebration -- we have a number of special events in store over the course of the year. You can also learn a little about our history as a program at the University of Arkansas. And as always, we encourage you to "get in where you fit in" – stop by the office, pick up the phone, send us a tweet, an email, or check us out on social media. We welcome your voice and ideas!


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The Saskatchewan Party Promised No Privatization. They Sold Over $1 Billion in Public Assets Instead.
New report shows Sask Party sold off $1.1 billion in public assets and eliminated 1,200 jobs over the last decade
March 9, 2018	Share Tweet
Brad Wall couldn't have been clearer.
Speaking a few months before becoming Premier of Saskatchewan, the then-leader of the opposition Saskatchewan Party took a clear and unambiguous position against privatization in September 2007:
"Crowns are not going to be privatized and (subsidiaries) are not going to be wound down."
A decade later, it appears Wall didn't quite keep that promise.
According to a new report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives that crunches the numbers on a decade of sell-offs and outsourcing, the governing Saskatchewan Party sold over $1.1 billion in public assets and eliminated 1,200 public sector jobs.
The benefits of publicly-owned services and utilities are pretty straight forward – the shareholders are citizens rather than wealthy investors and their bottom line is the public good, not corporate profit.
As a result, public services and utilities tend to be more efficient and generate added revenues for governments, which can be reinvested into additional public services.
Saskatchewan has a decades-long history of public ownership, going right back to Tommy Douglas and the first CCF governments of the 1940s and 50s.
That might be one reason the Sask Party downplays its support for privatization – Wall's replacement as Premier, Scott Moe, has remained quiet on the subject, though he previously stated he is open to extending health services into the private sector.
Here are a few examples of what's happened on the Sask Party's watch:
SaskFerco
The Government of Saskatchewan owned a partial stake in SaskFerco, a major player in the lucrative Potash industry that had made over $200 million in dividends since its initial purchase for just over $60 million.
In July 2008, the province finalized the sale of its entire stake to a Norwegian-based company for $783 million.
The Sask Party government begins to license private liquor stores. It subsequently announced that all future liquor stores in the province would be privately owned and operated.
The Saskatchewan Communications Network
In June 2010, the province's publicly-owned TV channel SCN was sold off to Ontario-based firm Bluepoint Investment Corporation and its physical assets for a mere $350,000. Only two years later, Bluepoint sold the company to media giant Rogers for a whopping nine times that amount.
In 2009, the Sask Party tabled its so-called "Patient First Review," advocating greater private-sector involvement in the healthcare system.
Since then, the government has outsourced parts of the healthcare system to the private sector, launching a pilot project for a private long-term care facility and contracting out of some services to private clinics, among other things.
The Saskatchewan Information Services Corporation
Responsible for the registration of land titles, personal property and corporations, the province sold 69% of its overall stake, leaving only a 31% share in a private company.
As the CCPA reports:
"In the three years prior to the sale, the Saskatchewan treasury received an average of $16.2 million from ISC; after privatization that falls to $7 million annually, despite the company earning higher profits."
brad wall privatization public services saskatchewan Scott Moe
Secret Document Exposes Doug Ford's Plan To Replace Human Teachers With Cheap Computers
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The 'confidential' government document shows Doug Ford's push for more e-learning is part of an agenda to make cuts to education
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3 in 4 Canadians Told Liberals to Close Tax Loopholes, Internal Finance Canada Document Shows
An internal Finance Canada document warns of feeling of 'frustration' over unfair tax loopholes exploited by the rich
Finance Minister Bill Morneau's recent budget ignored internal polling that showed an overwhelming majority of Canadians wanted his Liberal government to close tax loopholes exploited by corporations and the "top 1%."
According to a report commissioned by Finance Canada dated November 2017, internal polling and focus groups bluntly told Canada's finance minister that "the tax system in Canada needs to change."
But despite what his own department's public opinion research…
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In a recent paper authored by Xiaoying Wang published in Talanta ((2018) 187 179-187), UCT's specialty chemicals Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and trimethoxysilylpropy-diethylenetriamine (DETA) were employed in the process to produce an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for detection of CdkN2A/p16 anti-oncogene based on functional electrospun nanofibers and core-shell luminescent composite nanoparticles. The CdkN2A/p16 anti-oncogene is closely related to progression and malignancy of tumors. Special recognition and quantitative detection of CdkN2A/p16 anti-oncogene is extremely important in fundamental researches and clinical applications.
The CdkN2A/p16 anti-oncogene is closely related to progression and malignancy of tumors. The change of ECL intensity was found to have a linear relationship in respect to the logarithm of the CdkN2A/p16 anti-oncogene concentrations in the wide range of 1.0 × 10–15~1.0 × 10–12 M, with a detection limit of 0.5 fM (S/N = 3). This is comparable or better than that in reported anti-oncogene assays. Excellent sensitivity and selectivity make the developed biosensor a promising tool for the detection of tumor biomarkers.
UCT specialty chemicals can be used in a wide variety of clinical and research applications. For more information on DETA, TEOS and the rest of our specialty product catalog, please click here.


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Home > Business > Apple begs iPhone users over glitches, offers discounted battery
Apple begs iPhone users over glitches, offers discounted battery
29th December 2017 29th December 2017 Alpha News
Apple on Thursday apologized to its customers for slowing down performance of older iPhone models and said it would discount replacement batteries for some of its handsets.
The move by Apple was a response to an uproar from iPhone users — and a series of lawsuits — after news of the battery problems stoked concerns the company was unfairly nudging consumers to upgrade.
"We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize," Apple said in a message to customers on its website.
"We've always wanted our customers to be able to use their iPhones as long as possible. We're proud that Apple products are known for their durability, and for holding their value longer than our competitors' devices."
Apple said it was reducing the price of an out-of-warranty iPhone battery replacement from $79 to $29 for anyone with an iPhone 6 or later whose battery needs to be replaced, starting in late January through December 2018.
The company said it also would issue a software update to make it easier for customers to see if an aging battery is affecting performance.
"As always, our team is working on ways to make the user experience even better, including improving how we manage performance and avoid unexpected shutdowns as batteries age," the statement said.
The controversy erupted last week after Apple acknowledged a feature to "smooth out" spikes in demand for power to prevent iPhone 6 models from shutting down due to the cold or weak batteries.
Rumors had persisted for years at tech news websites devoted to Apple products and among fans of the company's products that iPhone performance was being intentionally slowed, perhaps to push users to buy newer models.
Apple's latest statement said that "we have never — and would never — do anything to intentionally shorten the life of any Apple product, or degrade the user experience to drive customer upgrades."
But it noted that "batteries are consumable components that become less effective as they chemically age" and that factors such as heat can affect performance.
Apple said a software update last year "manages the maximum performance of some system components when needed to prevent a shutdown" and that "in some cases users may experience longer launch times for apps and other reductions in performance."
Business Tech Apple, iPhone
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Q: Retrieve the cell you used a macro in I want to find the exact cell where my macro is if I press it

For example, all of these pictures are the same macro. Somehow I need to find the cell where I pressed on.
I find this quite hard to explain so not sure if you will understand what I mean but it would be great if someone could help me.
Thank you in advance

A: Look at the Worksheet_SelectionChange event.
The Target is a range that you can access the properties of and work with.
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
    'You can access the row and column of the target itself
    With ActiveWindow
      .ScrollRow = Target.Row
      .ScrollColumn = Target.Column
    End With
End Sub

If you have a value in the cells with the pictures you can access that.
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
    Dim str as String
    str = Target.Value
    msgbox (str)
End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I love learning about leadership.
Developing leadership skills is an important ongoing discipline for any youth pastor. Some of the best leaders in the youth ministry world are always growing, learning, thinking and developing their leadership skills.
What should Christian leadership look like?
Well, I recently read Henri Nouwen's book In the Name of Jesus: Reflections on Christian Leadership.
* Side note—If you don't know about Henri—you should. Henri was a top notch theology professor at Harvard, Notre Dame and Yale. And one day Henri decided to leave the prestigious work at the academy to go work with mentally and physically handicapped people in Ontario.
Nouwen says the biggest temptation any Christian leader will face is the temptation of being more powerful.
I hate to admit it but youth pastors are inclined to have a power and control problem.
I have seen many student pastors struggle with it too.
But how can we go about fixing the youth pastor power problem?
Say what? Reflecting on theology?
I get it—some of you may think thinking theologically is a waste of time. Reflecting on theology doesn't have any actionable results.
However, thinking theologically improves the mind and soul and quiets the ego. Reflection helps leaders become more self-aware and selfless. Thinking theologically means you actually have to think about how you are becoming more or less like Jesus. And this can be a really sobering reality to face.
Youth pastors may need to move from a leadership built on power to a leadership in which we discern where God is leading us and our people (p. 91-92).
In my opinion, Nouwen is a stud who writes and lives a style of leadership more youth pastors need to embrace.


"I have found all my contacts with WCB over the years to be so useful and professional." - Rehabilitation Officer for VI.
Wales Council of the Blind is the umbrella agency representing vision impairment within Wales. We work to campaign, lobby and support the improvement of services for people with sight loss. WCB provides a platform vision impaired people to raise their concerns and wishes.
WCB's Articles of Association sets out a way of letting their members contribute to setting priorities and work streams. An important part of the new structure is the creation of Regional Steering Groups to inform WCB's work. The four new Regional Steering Groups will be established across Wales, covering North, West, South East and South Central.
Each group intends to offer a platform for local clubs, charities, statutory services and people with sight loss to get together and contribute to directing the work and resources of WCB. It's likely that priorities may vary from region to region, and we want that to be reflected in the work of WCB.
WCB's Board of Trustees will include four representatives - one nominated from each of the four regional steering groups - to bring the views of the regions to the table.
What does Wales Council of the Blind do?
keep in touch with what is happening in every area in Wales and in the U.K.
'The sight loss sector in Wales has campaigned as a single voice against Newport's decision to withdraw from SenCom. We are delighted that the Gwent authorities have decided to commit jointly to the continuation of the best practice SenCom regional service, until 2022.
'We will await the terms and conditions of the review and would like to see any review led by an impartial chair with no pre-determined agenda. We would like to see the chair have knowledge of SenCom and the invaluable services and support that they provide to children and young people across Gwent.
'We also hope that any review will enable proper consultation this time, so that children and their families and carers can make a meaningful contribution to the design of a specialist service that best meets their needs'.
You can read a report on the decision on the BBC website.
Wales Council of the Blind has prepared a draft response to the Welsh Government's consultation 'Tackling Loneliness and Isolation'.
You can find out more, read the consultation document and our draft response in the Consultations section of our website. If you have any comments on our draft response, please let us know by Monday 14th January.


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Major Offshore Project in Senegal Reaches FID
Shem Oirere, Contributor
Shem Oirere is a business journalist specializing on Africa....
Sangomar FPSO (Image: Woodside)
Senegal could as well be on the way to joining the league of top African oil and gas producers in the next three years after developers of one of the most profound offshore discoveries announced reaching a final investment decision (FID).
The Rufisque Offshore, Sangomar Offshore, and Sangomar Deep Offshore (RSSD) joint venture reached the FID shortly after authorities in the West African country granted a 25-year Exploitation Authorization for the first phase of the offshore Sangomar Field Development.
The joint venture is made up of Cairn Energy's subsidiary Capricorn Senegal (40%), Woodside Energy (35%), FAR (15%), and Senegal national oil company Petrosen (10%). Australia's Woodside is the operator of the project.
Reaching FID for the development of the $4.2 billion offshore oil field is also good news for the Senegalese government, which through Petrosen is targeting raising its share of the oil and gas production to at least 20% up from the current 10%. Any progress in the development of the project would be a step closer to the realization of this target.
First oil in 2023
"This is a momentous milestone for the joint venture and the people of Senegal," said FAR managing director Cath Norman in a statement issued Wednesday.
The RSSD JV is looking forward to the first oil in the first quarter of 2023, a culmination of a long exploration and production history in Senegal that dates back to the 1950s but which took a turn for the best in 2014 when Cairn announced two concurrent exploration successes offshore the former French colony.
According to Cairn, the company and its joint venture partners, Woodside and FAR, signed Final Investment Decision (FID) statement in concurrence with Petrosen on Tuesday night in the presence of the Senegalese Minister of Petroleum and Energies, Mouhamadou Cisse.
"Phase 1 of the development will target estimated 2P recoverable oil reserves of 231 mmbbls," said Cairn's statement.
The joint venture partners hope to recover an estimated 500 mmbbls "over the life of the field with the development also planning gas export to shore."
FPSO ordered in Japan
Earlier, Woodside had announced the execution of the purchase contract for the floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) facility, another critical milestone toward consolidating pre-production planning for the Sangomar field monetization. The FPSO will be delivered by Japan's MODEC.
"We look forward to progressing the project towards first oil in early 2023 and expect that our experience in offshore FPSO developments will support its delivery on cost and schedule," said Woodside CEO Peter Coleman in a statement.
Fast-tracking development of the Sangomar oil field is also good for Senegal, which has listed the development of its power sector on top of its Plan Sénégal Emergent implementation schedule in the drive to transform the country into an emerging economy in the next five years.
Some of the initiatives to achieve the Plan include developing its offshore natural gas resources for electricity generation by 2025 in a bid to reduce the current high import bill for liquid fuels and costs for fossil-generated electricity.
In the last five years, Senegal, with the support of the investment conducive 1998 hydrocarbons law, has made strides in its search for hydrocarbons offshore with discovered oil and gas reserves estimated at about one billion barrels of oil and 40 trillion cubic feet of gas.
A large share of the total reserves has been discovered in the cross-border area between Senegal and Mauritania.
It's not just Sangomar. GTA fields are there, too
Progress toward commercialization of the Sangomar offshore oil field has come nearly two years after Senegal struck a deal with Mauritania for the joint development of the Grand Tortue/Ahmeyim (GTA), which is expected to start gas production in 2022 via an FLNG unit.
GTA Fields are located in the Saint Louis Deep offshore block in the north of the country with estimated reserves of around 15 tcf.
Under the Senegal/Mauritania agreement, both governments will put in place an elaborate field development structure that ensures efficient cross-border unitization of the resource with the initial costs, production, and revenue being split 50-50% "as well as mechanism for future equity redeterminations based on field performance," according to an earlier statement by BP-led joint venture partners.
Attractive oil and gas province
According to Cairn Chief Executive Simon Thomson, the company's "discoveries offshore Senegal from the country's first deepwater wells opened up a new basin on the Atlantic Margin."
"Cairn has operated three drilling programs and successfully laid the foundation for Senegal's first multi-phase oil and gas development," Thomson added.
With nearly 140 offshore wells drilled since the 1950s and profound discoveries made in 2014 and 2016, Thomson feels, and rightly so, that "Senegal is now an attractive oil and gas province, drawing the attention of the global industry."
The Sangomar offshore oil and gas field in Senegal. (Image: Cairn Energy)
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Dex Gelfand is an internationally recognized leader in the field of spiritually oriented therapeutic counseling, with clients spanning the globe. His time is divided between personally conducting sessions with individuals as well as mentoring and training other practitioners in his approach and techniques. Dex's modality, Therapeutic Spiritual Counseling, is based on the principle that we are all endowed with our own spiritual compass, which presents the mental and spiritual material we most need to address. This draws our attention to that material, the specific negative spiritual architectures we need to resolve, and that the practitioner's function is to help the participant achieve whatever he or she is intending to accomplish through the sessions.
Neal Howard: Hello and welcome to the program. I'm your host Neal Howard here on Health Professional Radio, thank you so much for joining us. Our guest today is Mr. Dex Gelfand, he's an internationally recognized leader in the field of spiritually oriented therapeutic counseling and he's joining us here on HPR this morning to talk about some of the things that can be done to diminish and resolve some of the chronic depression and some of the anxieties that are brought on by the traumas and stresses of everyday life. Welcome to the program Dex, how are you?
Dex Gelfand: I'm good Neal, thanks for having me.
Neal: I did say that you're a recognized leader in the field of spiritually oriented therapeutic Counseling. Is that something that you decided to go into early on in life or what led you to such a profession?
Dex: Well interestingly, it kind have been my life path even since I was a child. I remember I was 10 years old and I had this realization that if you look at what somebody else was saying you're doing that might be offensive or disturbing and you could really understand, look inside their mind and see what propelled them to behave that way, you could not be upset with them which is an odd insight for a child to have I suppose but it's like my interest. And I think understanding that really motivated me, led a passion to try and find ways to bridge to have that understanding and make that available.
Neal: Having that understanding at such an early age, for our listeners who may be unfamiliar with therapeutic spiritual counseling, talk about your services and talk about how what you just explained relates to those services.
Dex: Alright. Well I think that's the first thing to understand, to recognize it's a tremendous value if we can just all understand what I just said whether we're applying it to ourselves or to others. Everyone thinks that their issues or their neuroses or whatever are so unique and different and worse than everybody else's literally – everybody does, trust me. And because understand there are always reason okay and understanding those reasons or just knowing that if those reasons were understood, it all makes sense and nobody has to judge themselves or others. Basically generally when these things come about is things to happen in life that come with great impact and speed and so we can't really digest them. It's just too much pain, too much fear too fast and we employ these defensive mechanisms to try to not feel it. And trying to not feel something simply maintains it – it's what it does – it's just like very analogous to eating and food. If something sits in your stomach undigested, it's going to create all kinds of problems – same thing with your mind and the thing that is very helpful to understand. Now people do something just as simple a thing, "I don't want to talk about that," that's the simplest example of a person trying not to feel their own feelings because they're difficult. But understand this, when we are dealing with the pain or fear of an experience after the fact. we're dealing with what is in our mind. not something slamming at us inside of a few seconds and we have what I call 'your spiritual compass.' It is this wonderful natural instinct that invited the right way as I would do in a counseling session, allows you to experience and spiritually digest the energy that is the specific feeling that's disturbing you and acts as a valve that will just send out the perfect rate of flow that you can absorb and digest that material. It's not going to overwhelm you, it just effortlessly allowed the energy that is that specific feeling to sort of express through you. It takes some training, I can work with anyone. But just understand the material that's in your mind, your spiritual compass, it's never going to overwhelm you if you're resisting it that's holding it in place so strongly and so everything is a matter of accepting rather than resisting. There's a little technique involved but it is simple.
Neal: Describe briefly an online training session because, not training but counseling session because this counseling is online, right?
Dex: Yes, this is an area that I am sort of a pioneer in. I trained many other practitioners how to work over the internet and there are advantages, there are many advantages. For one thing, nobody has to travel. My clients are literally every continent on the planet. All they have to do is walk from one room to another, okay. Also there's a comfort level in sitting in the space where you are most comfortable rather than in somebody else's space so there are advantages in that sense. Now to do this, to be a counselor in the field, I don't think you have to be brilliant. You just have to have a passion for helping people in this way. I find that anybody who does can become quite good at this but basically someone like myself working with you have a certain presence. Very non-judgmental, it's beyond judgement, there's no reason to judge. There's never a reason in my opinion to judge a person. You can judge an action, you can judge a statement but to categorize anyone as being so one-dimensional as to describe them by something you've seen, that's inappropriate. So once you cross that barrier and that person feels safe to open up but I know that's me. People have told me my whole life, strangers have walked up to me and said 'Hey, I feel like I can talk to you' and spilled their guts. I'm not the only person in the world that is this way, there are many people like this and they're approaching whatever they do in their own way. And it's just we just explain to that person to just allow whatever comes into their mind, to express, to convey it to me when they're moved to convey it to me and that nothing that enters the mind once we address a subject that's disturbing for them, nothing about it is irrelevant. Whatever comes up is going to be relevant to what they need to process.
Neal: How does this differ being spiritual counseling as opposed to strictly mental health counseling? It would seem that if you're talking about understanding the reasons that people do things that they do, does this require a person to have a specific belief system? A specific spiritual path in order to benefit from your modality?
Dex: No and I think that any system that does involve that is self-limiting and encourages or forces a person to shoe-horn their experience to fit somebody else's description and I've seen many, many systems that do that. I think that's a problem. I think that what it is, it allows a person to see things through their own shelters, to see how they are creating their lives and their experiences and viewing them without imposing any, "This is a system that explains everything for you." I believe that's a liability. When I was in third grade, I went to a class trip to Thomas Edison's Museum. There was a sign hanging in the museum to make my point that stayed with me ever since it was by a 19th century painter Sir Joshua Reynolds who was appointed to the to the Royal Court … and it said "There is no expedient to which a man will not resort to avoid the real labor of thinking." Everybody wants, not everybody but people generally, don't want to have to think things through analyze and investigate everything for themselves. We are way too susceptible to accepting somebody's system of explaining things and there's so much more value and looking at each situation and experience in life as unique without trying to create an overall frame of reference for understanding they are feeling things. So it's spiritual in that sense that we don't want to impose any system to shoe-horn your experience into to make it fit that way. They're always, in my opinion liabilities, in doing that.
Neal: How can our listeners get in touch with you and where can we go online and get some more information about this online spiritual counseling that you offer as your service?
Dex: Well I like to make myself readily accessible and the most direct way is through my website dexsessions.com. There's a Contact Page, I try to be very responsive. Generally anybody who contacts me, they will hear back from me generally within 36 hours and I'll be happy to talk with anyone and I'm happy to get anybody a free session. I had the opportunity to work with a veteran who had post-traumatic stress syndrome, a former Army Ranger. It was my honor and it really changed him. He felt so much better. I welcome such opportunities.
Neal: Well I thank you for joining us on the program today and giving us this information Dex. It's been a pleasure, thank you for joining us.
Dex: Again, thanks for having me Neal. It's a pleasure for me too.


Runewards is a free-to-play competitive strategy card game pitting you against other players in an epic duel of wits and tactics.
Runewards is a game about anticipating your opponent's moves and out-smarting your foe in any way you can. The game is easy to learn but hard to master. Once you open the game, build your own deck and let the fun begins!
-Unique Armies and Heroes: The game will initially launch with 3 Races, each with its own unique Heroes, Units, Abilities, Spells and mechanics. Within the Gameboard you decide how to play. Each move you make can win or lose you the round or even the match itself.
-Tactics: Recognizing your opponent's strength and weaknesses. Knowing if your opponent bluff in his moves, or holds the answers to your own. In Runewards, the match is played in a best-of-3 rounds. Will you give up this round to do a comeback in the next? Or will you put all you have and let the winner takes it all.
-Competition: Play against your friends or other players online, try your skill in Ranked Matches. Leagues will be played in 'Seasons' - Where you can climb to the top of the ladder in a League we called "Archon".
-Short and Sweet: Each game design to last several minutes. You can hop in for a quick game whenever you like or take the time to climb up the competitive ladder.
-Free to Play: You can earn new cards just by playing the game.
Daily quests, special achievements and League rewards will allow you to earn Gold, which can be used to buy Golden Chests - containing new cards you can add to your card collection.
Steam Greenlight - Using Steam Greenlight allows us to potentially reach a wide audience of gamers around the world who loves Steam as we do and share our creation with them. What will happen if Runewards get Greenlit? It will simply allow us to reach more people, get more feedback, hear more ideas, more players to battle. Just more!
The game is currently in Beta and fully playable in Multiplayer and Single-Player modes (Playing against A.I) and available for download now.
Thank you for watching this page and for taking interest and we hope we'll see you in game!


Carla Gunther joined the firm as an associate in August 2015. Ms. Gunther previously served as a labor and employment attorney for a national association of construction-industry employers. In this capacity, she represented employers nationwide in multi-employer collective bargaining negotiations, as well as aiding with grievances, arbitrations and National Labor Relations Board issues. Ms. Gunther also served as one of three in-house attorneys to the association.
Prior to this role, Ms. Gunther served at a management-side labor and employment law firm and at the labor bureau of a government agency. In these positions, she worked on various labor and employment matters, including wage and hour and discrimination cases. While in law school, Ms. Gunther served as an articles editor for the Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal.


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Arnold teenager spent childhood 'looking for a home' after leaving family household at 10
He has been kicked out from multiple households as a child
Olimpia ZagnatCommunity Reporter
Reuben Lamb, 18, became homeless when he was only a child. (Image: Framework Film Festival)
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A teenager has told of his emotional life story after he became homeless as a child and fought to find a place to stay in for years.
Reuben Lamb was only 10 years old when he decided to move out of his family's home.
The young man, who is now 19, was living with his mum and older brother at the time and said he did not meet his father until later in life.
Reuben said he left his home due to family arguments, and moved into his grandfather's house in June 2012.
However, he said that the relationship "did not work out" and he found himself homeless once again.
The teenager added: "My grandfather did what was best for his household and we both agreed on that.
"Me and my cousin, who was also looked after my grandfather, were arguing all the time.
"I moved out on November 14 - and I remember the exact date because it was two days after my birthday."
Reuben was assigned a foster carer and has been moved from one place to another most of his childhood.
He described the relationships with some of his carers as "difficult", and revealed heartbreaking episodes from his difficult childhood.
In June 2013, Reuben was still looking for a place that he could call home.
He spent a few days with a foster family in Bakersfield before being sent to another one in Beeston.
After finishing Year 6, Reuben moved to another school in Wollaton, hoping that his house searching was over.
Recalling his time spent with one of the families, he added: "It was fine for like a year or so.
"But then, when the honeymoon period was over, things started to change.
"As a homeless child it sometimes feels like you are a pay cheque to some carers.
"At some point, they do not seem to care about you anymore."
Excepting the times he was out spending time with his friends, he said he felt like he was "trapped" in a house he did not want to be in.
He added: "I felt like I should not be there and it was clear to me that the family did not want me in their house either."
But Reuben's journey was far from being over as he spent a few months in a foster care home in Leicestershire, before moving in with a new family in 2014.
The homeless child, only 14 at the time, said he finally found a place that he could call home later in June.
He added: "They were amazing, I finally felt like I had a family.
"They were great, absolutely fantastic and I felt like I was finally looked after."
Reuben spent exactly three years with his foster family and left on June 31 in 2019.
He said: "We had a great relationship but it was a mutual decision that I would leave their house by then."
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Reuben said he was "ready to be independent", so he put his name down on Framework's waiting list hoping that he could turn his life around.
The homeless charity offered him a place in their service in West Bridgford in March 2020, before he was moved to a shared house in Beeston later in December.
Reuben's dream of being independent started to take shape in February 2021, when he was offered his own flat in Arnold where he is currently living.
He said he moved into the new property with financial aid from the Leaving Care Team, which is a service offered by the Nottinghamshire County Council to children or young people who cannot live with their families.
The young man, who has always dreamed about being a physiotherapist, started an undergraduate sports course at the University of Colchester earlier this year.
Reuben, who is now juggling his full-time course with a part-time job in retail, said he could not be prouder of himself.
"I love my course, and I get to make my own money too", he added.
Besides his academic and professional achievements, Reuben is also in a long-term relationship which taught him "to open up and speak about emotions".
The teenager said: "We have been together since January 17, 2020.
"I am not a talker - but she made me realise how important it is to open up and we just went through a lot together."
Reuben's uplifting childhood experience is one of the four stories which inspired a series of short films to celebrate Framework's 20-year anniversary.
Each film highlights different aspects of Framework's activity supporting people needing help with housing, employment, and support and care.
The videos have been produced by two Nottingham-based filmmakers Luke Radford and Toby Curson, and showcase the work that has been going behind the scenes to help the vulnerable in the city.
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The series have been screened in Framework's first ever film festival which took place at Nottingham Contemporary on October 11.
The films, including Colin's story are now available online.
Framework's Head of Fundraising and Communications, Claire Eden, who initiated the film project, said: "These four short documentaries - of which Reuben's story is one - were made to highlight the four areas of the charity's work and celebrate our 20th anniversary this year.
"We are delighted that two distinguished Nottingham filmmakers Luke Radford and Toby Curson agreed to make the films for us and the results are moving and memorable.
"Reuben's story highlights the work of our Transitions service to support young people. We are delighted that it proved such an effective launching pad for his career.
"We hope people who see these films will want to support our work by donating to our winter fundraising appeal to help end homelessness. They can do so by visiting the Framework website at www.frameworkha.org "
Nottingham City Council dismisses claim that new Broadmarsh benches are 'anti-homeless'
Broxtowe man 'turned his life around' after falling into addiction following son's tragic death
Nottingham City Council
West Bridgford


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The battle to turn the tide on the e-waste epidemic
By Angeli Mehta on Apr 28, 2019
With electronics detritus growing 4% every year, Angeli Mehta looks at how the EU and leading companies are trying to ameliorate the impact of our global addiction to smartphones
Consider the washing machine: one of life's essentials. Yet it's usually cheaper to buy a new one than to repair the old. That's often simply because it's impossible to get access to replace the inexpensive bearings that enable the drum to rotate smoothly. For French industrial designer Christopher Santerre, it's as if you had to buy a new car because the brake pads are worn.
He and fellow designer Julien Phedyaeff have designed and prototyped a washing machine that can be repaired and upgraded so it lasts for at least 20 years. It's called L'Increvable, which translates as "tireless". "Is there a market: will people pay more for the product that is more durable? We are convinced about this," says Santerre.
So far, the pair have been unable to find a washing machine manufacturer who shares that conviction. "We want someone who wants to do the project. It will start with low volumes [so] they will have to believe in the project and want to push it with us, to disturb the market."
Just 20% of e-waste is properly recycled. Much of the rest goes to landfill or is incinerated
In 2016, we generated nearly 45 million tonnes of e-waste globally. It's almost impossible to comprehend how much that really is. The term e-waste covers everything with a plug or battery; from irons and toasters to mobile phones and washing machines.
The material value of those devices is reckoned to be €55 billion, containing, as they do, precious metals like gold, silver, platinum and palladium; as well as hazardous heavy metals like mercury and cadmium. However, just 20% of e-waste is properly recycled. Much of the rest goes to landfill or is incinerated. Some will be "recycled" by impoverished workers, with serious health and environmental consequences.
Our smartphone addiction fuels 125 megatons of emissions yearly. (Credit: Nemanja Zotovic/Shutterstock)
We're generating some 3% to 4% more e-waste every year, partly because we all own more devices and upgrade them regularly to the latest technology or faster speed. Research suggests that people are starting to delay mobile phone upgrades, but smartphone plans usually mean we can get a new one every two years, no matter how durable manufacturers say their products are, or how long they'll upgrade the software that make the devices work. When discarded, equipment still works perfectly well – it's just become "out-dated".
Researchers in Canada estimate that all those smartphones, laptops, and tablets, together with the infrastructure that enables our virtual activities, will be responsible for 3.5% of global CO2 emissons by next year, and 14% by 2040. The smartphone is the real killer: emissions are expected to reach 125 megatons (Mt) of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) per year in 2020, compared with 17 Mt CO2e per year in 2010. Up to 95% of those emissions are caused by production. So keeping phones in use as long as possible, and then recycling them, is crucial.
A report earlier this year, on behalf of UN agencies, states: "It is time to reconsider e-waste, re-evaluate the electronics industry and reboot the system for the benefit of industry, consumer, worker, health of humankind and the environment."
In the consumer market, more than 100 million old devices are just sitting at home gathering dust
Ironically, business-to-business is accustomed to a culture of repair. IT services and hardware group Cisco "has basically been doing this forever", according to Darrel Stickler, the company's global lead for environmental sustainability. When Cisco sells equipment, it often sells a service contract alongside. Recovering and repairing equipment quickly is vital because that equipment usually forms the backbone of a customer's business. Usually, equipment can be repaired up to three times; and that when it does reach the end of its life, whole components and assemblies can be re-used. Otherwise, materials are recovered through recycling and sold into the global commodities market.
In 2012, HP opened a Technology Renewal Centre in Scotland, for government and business customers. Once reconditioned and tested, equipment is either rebuilt to specific customer requirements or resold. It handles 9,000 laptops, PCs and workstations a week, and the re-use rate is 95%, excluding components that have to be recycled for data security.
But it's different in the consumer market, where more than 100 million old devices are just sitting at home gathering dust. The first task is persuading consumers to recycle them. Some companies are partnering with third parties to recycle used hardware; others will refurbish old devices and recycle components.
In the UK, Mazuma Mobile will pay for used iPhones and refurbish them to be sold again, while its sister company iMend will repair iPhones at home or at work. In the US, Hyla Mobile says it's completed over 50 million mobile phone trade-ins since it was set up in 2009, repurposing and reusing them, or recycling components. It predicts the secondary mobile device market will almost double in value from $19.7bn to $38.9bn in 2025.
Dutch company Fairphone has developed a modular design so that customers can repair their own phones, and upgrade components. It began with the idea of selling an ethical phone, made without conflict minerals, as well as a more sustainable one. Last month, its model 2 (on the market since 2015) sold out, but it has stockpiled three years' worth of spare parts. Google once explored the idea of a modular phone that would have new capabilities added over time – but without users having to replace the whole phone. But that idea was abandoned.
L'Increvable designers Christopher Santerre (left) and Julien Phedyaeff. (Credit: L'Increvable)
Approaches like l'Increvable and Fairphone need to be replicated to tackle the growing mountain of discarded products. Here EU policy will help, and potentially have ripple effects across the globe. From 2021, product designers will have to think about disassembly and repair, so that key spare parts can be replaced by professionals without causing damage, and with tools that are common and not proprietary. The legislation won't go far enough to help L'Increvable get off the ground, because there are caveats. For example, manufacturers will be allowed to bundle parts such that it may not be cheaper to repair the one small worn item.
Nonetheless, it represents a world-leading ambition, according to Stéphane Arditi, policy manager on circular economy, products and waste for the European Environmental Bureau. "We have been fighting for this for the past 10 years: it is quite a success."
Moreover, when products are dismantled at the end of life, hazardous components will have to be easier to remove, which will aid recycling. "Instead of discarding, we will be repairing, but we will have to wait a few years to see if the attempt to extend life has worked."
In the US, 18 states have passed 'right to repair' legislation giving independent repairers the access to tools, spare parts and documentation
Alongside the design requirements will come new energy-efficiency labelling intended to help consumers make more informed choices about the efficiency of products. Together the energy-efficiency labelling and eco-design requirements are expected to save over 130 terawatt hours (TWh) per year, or almost 5% of the EU's entire electricity consumption in 2018.
Europe's Joint Research Centre, which provides scientific advice on policy, is also working on a repair scoring system. This, says Arditi, could be transformed into a labelling system to point the consumer to the most energy-efficient and repairable products. "Energy and extension of lifetime go hand in hand, so the [economic] calculation changes for consumers. Indeed, a forthcoming report from the European Environmental Bureau (EEB), will demonstrate that for many EU appliances, including smartphones, it makes no sense to update them because energy efficiency has improved so much already. So the embodied carbon emissions become so much more significant."
Arditi sees a bolder ambition of industrial transformation, with a new type of service economy that creates valued jobs in extending the life of products, and cutting emissions.
The Apple robot Daisy can disassemble 200 iPhones an hour. (Credit: Apple)
Meanwhile, in the US, 18 states have passed "right to repair" legislation giving independent repairers the access to tools, spare parts and documentation to enable them to carry out repairs. That doesn't necessarily mean manufacturers will make it easy to repair equipment, and some have voiced concerns about threats to intellectual property.
Can we ever get to a completely closed loop system? The laws of physics mean we probably can't get to a 100%, says Richard Kirkman, UK chief technology and innovation officer for waste, water and energy management group Veolia. "But we're so far away, it's a question of how can we improve what we've got."
E-waste is a particularly complex problem. "The traditional route was to put it through a shredder and recover as much as you could," he explains. Veolia has designed its own robotic system for dismantling TVs and monitors, and can now collect and process 300,000 of them every year.
Apple estimates that the recycled copper it's using avoids 60,000 tonnes of mined ore
By weight, it's processing four times as much as it did when the plant opened in 2016, but it's not even half of what consumers discard. Veolia's system can recover ferrous metals, plastics, glass, precious metals from circuit boards, copper from cables, and even the fluorescent powders from cathode tubes. Fewer than 7% of components are recovered and used as fuels. "This is the future for electronic equipment," suggests Kirkman.
And, indeed, it is the approach being taken by Apple, as part of its eventual ambition to extract nothing from the earth. The company created material impact profiles for 45 raw materials used in its products, and is focusing initial efforts at closing the loop on aluminium, cobalt, copper, stainless steel, tin, tungsten and rare earth elements. It's working on cutting emissions from aluminium production – a highly energy intensive process, but because aluminium accumulates impurities each time it is recycled, Apple has developed an alloy that enables it to add aluminium scrap without affecting performance.
Together with Mitsubishi, Apple has developed a robot, now in its second iteration as Daisy, to disassemble iPhones at sites in the Netherlands and Texas. The sequence of four robots that comprise Daisy can get through 200 iPhones an hour, and components like the logic board and camera are sent to specialist recyclers who can recover cobalt, tin and tungsten. Apple estimates that the recycled copper used its using avoids 60,000 tonnes of mined ore; and in 2019 using recycled tin will avoid almost 29,000 tonnes of tin ore. After a pilot, Apple is now using recycled cobalt in batteries for its products.
Dust on roads contains precious metals from catalytic converters on cars. (Credit: khunkorn/Shutterstock)
One of the biggest challenges for Cisco to scale closed-loop recycling, is getting its gear back: its durability means there is a thriving secondary market, says Stickler. "If we don't have a steady stream of used products coming back, we can't meet the customer timetable – that's the manufacturing challenge." He adds that: "we've had 100-plus years of developing the forward supply chain: we have to recreate that on what I call the backside of the moon." Reverse supply-chain logistics is where the hard work needs to begin.
He foresees companies joining up to explore interlocking relationships where one producer's "waste" is another's raw material.
If we're going to tackle waste and turn into commercially viable products, we need data. Kirkman explains how Veolia decided to analyse what was collected in its street-sweeping operations. Along with the twigs and pebbles, cans and bottles was dust that contained precious metals like platinum and palladium. The source was the catalytic converters used in car exhausts. It turned out that the palladium was present in the same concentrations as in a palladium mine. "We couldn't commercially recover it, but what it did was to change the thinking in our company, to analyse and measure [waste]".
Mining gold from discarded electronics produces 80% less emissions than mining it from ore
Now a team of researchers has developed an ambitious EU-wide urban mine platform that reveals material flows to help recyclers, industry and policymakers to make informed choices.
It estimates there are some 450m tonnes of batteries, electrical and electronic devices and cars across homes and businesses in the EU that contain valuable products that could be used now or in the future. They provide a home-grown supply of increasingly limited resources like cobalt and lithium, which are used in batteries; indium used in touch screens, and neodymium, which is vital for making permanent magnets in motors.
Not only are materials in all those dishwashers and smartphones valuable, like gold, and platinum, but they're polluting to mine. "Mining" gold from discarded electronics produces 80% less emissions than mining it from ore.
Angeli Mehta is a former BBC current affairs producer, with a research PhD. She now writes about science, and has a particular interest in the environment and sustainability. @AngeliMehta.
Main picture credit: KPixMining/Shutterstock
This article is part of the in-depth Circular economy briefing. See also:
To rise to the climate emergency we have to turn off the tap on waste
From refilling and sharing to recyclable thin film: the cutting edge on circular
Virginie Helias: P&G's ocean plastic bottles 'only the beginning' of war on plastic
Australian university pioneers urban mining 'microfactories'
Beyond recycling: Putting the brakes on fast fashion
Tata's push to reinforce steel's circular economy credentials
'Companies aren't moving fast enough on the circular economy'
electronic waste L'Increvable Fairphone Cisco HP mobile phones Veolia Apple
CSR Cheat Sheet: California dominates climate A list of...
To rise to the climate emergency we have to turn off th...
Taking the heat out of the digital revolution


Pardon Applications are an under-used strategy to address immigration consequences caused by a Georgia conviction.
A pardon is an order granted to people who have maintained a good reputation in their community, after the completion of their sentence(s) for a criminal offense. A Pardon is an official statement attached to the criminal record that confirms the State of Georgia has pardoned the crime.
The Restoration of Rights is an order restoring a person's civil and political rights which are lost in Georgia upon conviction. These include the right to run for and hold public office, to serve on a jury and to serve as a Notary Public. Restoration of rights does not include the right to possess, own or to carry a concealed firearm. The right to vote (for U.S. Citizens) is automatically restored upon completion of your sentence(s); therefore, you don't need to submit an application to restore your right to vote.
A pardon does not expunge, remove or erase the crime from your record, but it could make a significant difference depending on your situation. The applicant must wait until at least five years since release from supervision (including probation and/or parole).
A pardon is an exceptional remedy that is carefully considered by the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles. It is important to make the best possible presentation to the Board along with your request. If a Georgia conviction is affecting your livelihood, a request for a pardon may your best chance in restoring your future.


About: Xie Meng 谢梦 is a young model from Beijing, China and works for a famous fashion magazine known as Xin Wei 昕薇. Xie Meng became popular after appearing in a Jiangsu TV programmed known as "Xing Fu Wan Dian Ming" 幸福晚点名. Graduated from the Communication University of China 中国传媒大学, Xie Meng is also a car show model. Xie Meng participated in the 2010 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition representing Aston Martin and eventually became the 2010 Beijing Auto Show champion.


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Professor Vincent Reid
Professor of Psychology
Career Details
Vincent Reid is a Professor of Psychology. He completed his B.A. in Psychology in 1997 and his M.A.(hons) in 1999 at the University of Auckland and a Ph.D. at Birkbeck, University of London in 2004. During this time he also worked as a Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. He moved to the University of Leipzig and the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany, in 2005 as a Research Scientist in a research group funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In 2006 he became a Lecturer in Psychology at Durham University.
In 2012, Vincent moved to Lancaster University as a Senior Lecturer in Developmental Neuroscience, where he became a Reader in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience in 2013. He became Professor of Psychology in 2016. During his time at Lancaster, Vincent has been on the management board of the Leverhulme Doctoral Scholarship Programme in Interdisciplinary Research on Infant Development in addition to coordinating an FP7 EU ITN on infancy and neuroscience and conducting research funded by the ESRC on elements of social development in infancy and on methods related to fetal development. In 2017 he became Associate Dean for Research in the Faculty of Science and Technology.
In 2019, Vincent was appointed to the role of Interim Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research) in addition to his appointment as a Professor in Psychology in the Department of Psychology.
Vincent's research interests cover a range of multi-disciplinary interactions, especially with biology, medical imaging, obstetrics, pediatrics and physics. His research has included tackling problems in measuring the developing functional brain, understanding fetal behaviour, exploring perceptual and social development, and relations between motor-social-perceptual systems during development. Vincent explores these issues using a mix of brain and behaviour based experimental approaches.
My research focuses on various developmental aspects of social perception and cognition during early development, namely: (1) Social-cognitive processes from biological motion detection and interpretation through to the perception of human action; (2) Methodology and recently (3) Third trimester fetal development. I use a number of techniques in order to investigate these issues, including brain derived measures (EEG/ERP), behavioural paradigms and interventions.
Social Cognition - From biological motion to action interpretation
How does the identification of conspecifics change within the first postnatal year? Identifying others of the same species is a foundational skill that is required for further increments in social-cognitive abilities. One fundamental topic in the developmental sciences must therefore be how human infants, with limited experience, nonetheless discriminate various forms of motion. It is an area ripe for the examination of the role of experience in such cognitive skills.
Understanding others' action sequences is fundamental for perceiving complex aspects of human movement, such as detecting goal directed behavior and intentional actions. Perceiving these aspects of human behaviour is necessary for abilities that are essential for human cultural skills, such as imitation and language learning. The neural basis of action processing as seen in the adult brain raises some fascinating questions for developmental psychologists.
As psychologists, we often use very precise and complex devices to assess elements of human behaviour or brain activity. As a developmental psychologist, it has become increasingly clear to me that many of the techniques that we use are co-opted from adult research, despite the fact that this has implications which have not been fully considered. A recent theme of my publications has been to explore elements of the methods that are regularly used and to understand how infant populations have specific characteristics that impact on obtained results.
Third Trimester Fetal Development
My lab is currently attempting to understand the visual and auditory world in utero. Extensive work has been conducted into postnatal perceptual and cognitive development but very little is known about how perception and cognition might develop before this point. For example, newborn infants have a visual preference for face-like stimuli, can discriminate between small sets of numbers and can match mouth movements to simple speech sounds. If such capacities are shown in the human fetus, what mechanisms might explain the emergence and development of these perceptual and cognitive processes? Most of our efforts at the moment are focussed on developing methods related to delivering visual stimuli to the fetus in a way that is safe, ethical and effective. We then use 4D ultrasound to measure fetal behaviours, including head orientations and fixations times towards stimuli and facial behaviour.
Developmental aspects of social perception and cognition during infancy and fetal development Methodology and infant populations Novel settings and applications of EEG/ERP Fetal perceptual development
fEC Code: LUCID: The ESRC Centre for Language and Communicative Development
LUCID: Centre for Language and Communicative Development
Understanding light in the late term human fetus: Proof of conception for social research
Child Development (Journal)
Editorial activity
PLoS ONE (Journal)
Frontiers in Psychology (Journal)
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (Journal)
ESRC (External organisation)
Membership of committee
Neuropsychologia (Journal)
Chiara Capparini
Marie Curie Early Stage Researcher, PhD student
PhD student, Associate Lecturer
Sayaka Fujita
D27, D - Floor, Fylde College
Infancy and Early Development
Office: C05, C - Floor, Fylde College
Bailrigg


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#445 The Atlantic Covers Us
March for Life – Actions & Coverage This week's blog post covers our participation in Roe anniversary events for 2019. Welcome to all the new subscribers!
In mainstream media, we got some exciting coverage in a report in The Atlantic: What It's Like for Secular, Liberal Pro-lifers at the March for Life, by Ashley Fetters (January 19). The subtitle is: "Though some describe themselves as the 'counterculture within the movement,' many members of nonreligious and left-leaning pro-life groups feel welcome at the largely Christian, conservative event." Of course, not all consistent-lifers are "left-leaning" and many of us are quite religious – the Consistent Life Network is non-partisan, non-sectarian, and prides itself on its members' diversity. Still, a secular case can be made by religious people, and the article helps break stereotypes and describes us pretty well. It quotes Bill Samuel, a previous president of the Consistent Life Network. We also got a bit of coverage in a Washington Post story, which we quote from below. The reporter doesn't quite make it to full balance (for example, no self-respecting pro-lifer would say she opposes abortion "rights"), but the reporter's trying, and given past media biases, that's worth encouraging.
How Would Martin Luther King, Jr. Stand? On the consistent life ethic: His confidant Dorothy Cotton was one of our endorsers, and his niece Alveda King gave our book an endorsement – but what would he have thought? He died before the term "consistent life ethic" was coined, and before abortion became a major public issue. Rob Arner covers what we know in Where Does Martin Luther King Jr. Fit into the Consistent Life Ethic? On the proposal of a wall on the U.S. southern border: Such an intense dispute as we now have over a wall to keep out immigrants didn't arise in King's day, but he did comment on the Berlin wall, and expressed a sentiment showing how he opposed such walls:
"For here on either side of the wall are God's children and no man-made barrier can obliterate that fact" – September 13, 1964.
Quotation of the Week Michelle Boorstein, Religion Reporter Washington Post, January 18, 2019 In recent years, march organizers said they have tried to welcome a broader group of people who oppose abortion. . . . like Secular Pro-Life and Democrats for Life of America. . . . But on Friday, Trump and Pence spoke again. And again, some said they were unhappy to associate the antiabortion movement with a president they dislike. "I think the most dangerous thing we ever did is make this a partisan issue. It's a human rights issue," said Destiny Herndon-De La Rosa, 35, president of a group called New Wave Feminists that brought about 50 marchers to the event. She gave birth as a teenager, she said, so she understands the plight of women considering abortion. She came from Dallas to attend the march and said her group will participate in both the March for Life and the Women's March the following day, a march which demonstrates against Trump and Republican policies. "We really want to challenge the GOP to be consistently pro-life," she said. "What about children at the border? . . . They're doing a lot of things that are anti-life."
Responses/News Tips/Questions to share are all welcome.
Send to weekly@consistent-life.org.


Volunteer with us, get some exercise and help support the wildlife! We hold regular sessions where a friendly group of people meet to carry out maintenance tasks. These are on Monday and Wednesday mornings throughout the year, but we also have occasional working days at the weekends. The most recent was at Burton Brook when we planted over 50 hedge saplings.
Conservation work sessions take place on Monday and Wednesday mornings from 9.30 to 11.30am. The group meets to carry out maintenance work across the 3 sites. Activities include raking grass, weeding, making paths, clearing growth around new trees, laying bark for pathways and pruning of hedges and shrubs and planting. New members are always welcome to either of these sessions. Refreshments are provided and we stop for a 10-minute break after an hour.
If you would like to come to one of these, you can contact Cee on 0116 259 3563, who will be able to provide further information, or through the 'Contact us' page on this site. Training (where needed) and information about using the tools and safe working will be provided at the start of each session.
There are also occasional open community working party groups at weekends, we can notify you if you are a supporter and we will publicise them through this website.
More information on how working with nature is good for health, can be found on the website Intelligent Health. Working outdoors in a team is particularly good for improving mental health and relieving chronic stress; evidence shows it is more beneficial to health and wellbeing than working out in a gym.


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Extending Harmony (Guitar Lesson)
Home > Guitar Lessons > Genres > Fingerstyle > Fingerstyle with Don Ross > Extending Harmony
Extending Harmony
Taught by Don Ross in Fingerstyle with Don Ross seriesLength: 18:41Difficulty: 3.0 of 5
(1) "Introduction Song" - Scene 1
"Introduction Song" - Scene 1
(1) Lesson Materials - Scenes 2 & 3
Lesson Materials - Scene 2 & 3
grburgess replied
I'm going to try this alternate tuning. It sounds really interesting.
Fingerstyle with Don Ross
Don Ross, an award-winning, Billboard-topping fingerstyle artist, will teach you everything you need to know to get started in fingerstyle guitar.
Don Ross Series Introduction
New fingerstyle instructor Don Ross introduces himself, his background, and what you should expect in this series.
Length: 3:54 Difficulty: 0.0 FREE
Playing Style
Don Ross talks about the way he plays and how he got started in his particular style. He also brushes on right hand technique and thumb pick style.
Finger Assignments
Don Ross takes some time to talk about where he places each right hand finger while playing fingerstyle. This is a great lesson for those who wish to fix old habits, or are just starting out in this wonderful...
Travis Picking
Don Ross talks about fingerpicking patterns with a focus on Travis Picking. He explains the pattern thoroughly and at a step-by-step pace so that it can be picked up by fingerstyle players of any level.
Travis Picking Part 2
Don Ross dives into Travis Picking once more. This time, he specifically focuses on patterns for chords that have a root note on the fifth string.
This time, Don Ross demonstrates Travis patterns with chords that have a root note on the fourth string.
Thumb and Brush
Having thoroughly explored Travis picking, Don Ross now takes some time to talk about the "thumb and brush" technique.
Altered Vs. Open Tunings: Altered
Don Ross takes a couple lessons to talk about altered tunings and open tunings. In this lesson, he takes a closer look at altered tunings.
Altered Vs. Open Tunings: Open
Don Ross now discusses open tunings. Open tunings get their name because the open strings are tuned to a specific chord.
Don Ross talks more about open G tuning and how to make it more applicable to your playing by applying the Travis pattern you have already learned.
Open D Tuning
Don Ross talks about open D tuning, how it's similar to open C tuning, and how you can incorporate it into your playing.
Open C Tuning
In this lesson, Don Ross explains open C tuning. As with the G and D tuning lessons, he explains how open C compares to other open tunings, how to tune, and what it can add to your playing.
DADGAD Tuning
Don Ross looks at DADGAD tuning in this lesson. He explores different ways to play, how to tune, and discusses why it has become so popular.
Harmonic DADGAD
Don Ross takes another look at DADGAD and how you can play harmonically in this tuning.
DADGAD and Travis Picking
Don Ross continues his discussion on DADGAD tuning and brings it all together with Travis picking.
DADGAD Chord Voicings
Don Ross takes a final look at DADGAD tuning in this lesson. This time, he explores some great chord voicings that are sure to spice up your playing.
CGCGAD Tuning
Don Ross takes a look at a unique and beautiful tuning, CDCGAD, or in Don's words, the "Fred" tuning, and explores what can be done with it.
Brooke's Waltz Part 1
Don Ross takes a look at the first part of his original song "Brooke's Waltz". This song is in the CGCGAD tuning you learned about in the previous lesson.
Don Ross moves on and covers the second portion of his original song "Brooke's Waltz".
Don Ross finishes up the trio of lesson on his song "Brooke's Waltz". This time around he talks about the song structure, as well as the funky behind-the-nut vibrato he ends the song with.
In this lesson, Don talks about how you can use simple music theory to add colorful extensions to your chords and also create new open tunings. This is a very useful lesson for all guitarists.
Upright & Locked Position Part 1
Don Ross delves into one of his sweeter melodies - "Upright & Locked Position". In this lesson, he offers a short review on the tuning he uses and teaches the first portion of the tune.
Don Ross teaches the B section of his song "Upright & Locked Position".
Don Ross returns to his song "Upright & Locked Position" and teaches the C part. He then talks about combining the three major sections of this song, as well as how to end it.
Harmonics Part 1
Harmonics sound awesome, and no player's arsenal is complete without this versatile technique. Don introduces harmonics and talks about playing both natural and artificial variations.
Slap and Brush Harmonics
Don Ross talks about "slap" harmonics and "brush" harmonics and how they can be used.
Don Ross teaches a harmonic technique he calls the "ripple effect". This technique was originally made popular by guitar legend Lenny Breau.
The Ripple Effect Part 2
Don Ross builds on lesson 28 by discussing more ways in which the "ripple effect" can be used.
About Don Ross View Full Biography
Don has toured regularly since 1989, across Canada, the USA, a dozen European countries, Japan, Taiwan, China, Australia, Russia and India. He has played with symphony orchestras in Canada and Germany, and collaborated live and on recording with Andy McKee, Canadian singer/guitarist Brooke Miller, & Toronto bassist Jordan O'Connor. He also composes scores for television, radio and film, and does production and recording engineering for a variety of other musicians. In addition to acoustic guitar, Don also plays electric guitar, slide dobro and lapsteel guitar, voice, piano, keyboards, bass guitar and drums.
Mary talks about the key of F in this fantastic lesson.
In lesson 6, Kaki discusses how the left and right hands can work together or independently of each other to create different...
Mark Kailana Nelson
Mark Nelson introduces "'Ulupalakua," a song he will be using to teach different skills and techniques. In this lesson, he...
Freebo
In this lesson, Freebo covers the basics of right hand technique. This lesson is essential for all up and coming bassists.
Calum Graham
Award winning, Canadian fingerstyle guitarist Calum Graham introduces his Jamplay Artist Series, which aims to transform...
Fingerstyle guitar is a broad term that can incorporate percussive elements of playing as well as Chet Atkins/Jerry Reed...
JamPlay introduces Nashville session player Guthrie Trapp! In this first segment, Guthrie talks a little about his influences,...
Kenny Ray
Albert Collins brought a lot of style to the blues scene. In this lesson, Kenny breaks down Albert's style for you to learn.
David Davidson
JamPlay interviews Revocation's Dave Davidson.
Will Ripley
Join Will Ripley as he gives us all the details of his series, "Rock Guitar for Beginners". You'll be playing cool rock riffs...
Eric Haugen
Eric Haugen discusses the goals of his "Six String Problem Solver" lesson series and what kind of material it covers.
Allen Van Wert
Allen shows you the 24 rudiments crucial to developing finger dexterity. This is a short lesson but the exercises here can...
John DeServio
JD teaches the pentatonic and blues scales and explains where and when you can apply them.
Guns N' Roses guitarist Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal pulls out all the stops in his blistering artist series. Dive into the intense,...
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Lauren Passarelli offers up her wisdom on purchasing a guitar. She also includes information regarding proper setup and care....


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Differential expression and sequence analysis of the maize glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family.
D A Russell, M M Sachs
D A Russell
Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.
M M Sachs
Published August 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.1.8.793
Copyright © 1989 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Two cDNA clones for maize cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are described. One is about 97% similar in coding capacity to a previously published clone [Brinkmann et al. (1987). J. Mol. Evol. 26, 320-328], while the other shows only 88% similarity. Evidence points toward the three cDNAs being the products of three genes, to be called Gpc1, Gpc2, and Gpc3. When the least similar clone, corresponding to Gpc3, was used to analyze RNA gel blots, anaerobic treatment for 6 hours induced RNA accumulation in the shoots 15.6-fold, while a 1-hour shift from 28 degrees C to 40 degrees C increased accumulation 5.1-fold. Roots had a higher basal level of expression, leading to a 6.0-fold anaerobic induction, and a 2.4-fold heat stress induction. RNA gel blot analysis using the clone corresponding to Gpc2 showed decreased RNA accumulation within 6 hours of anaerobiosis, while analysis with the previously published clone, corresponding to Gpc1, showed a decrease within 24 hours. Neither Gpc1 nor Gpc2 showed heat stress induction, while some other known anaerobic genes did. Through the use of hybrid selection, in vitro translation, and immune precipitation, the relative expression of the three genes is shown. The role of the observed changes in gene expression is discussed in relation to stress physiology.
You are going to email the following Differential expression and sequence analysis of the maize glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family.
The Plant Cell Aug 1989, 1 (8) 793-803; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.1.8.793
Vol. 1, Issue 8


Image Title: Designer Curtain Rods In Hyderabad Telangana Techno Blinds Plan 15. Post Title: Designer Curtain Rods. Filename: designer-curtain-rods-in-hyderabad-telangana-techno-blinds-plan-15.jpg. Image Dimension: 500 x 366 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Giovani Cremin. Uploaded Date: Saturday - January 19th. 2019 15:51:22 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: homedit.com. Designer Door Curtain Rod At Rs 100 Feet Sajawati Parde Ki Regarding Rods Designs 9. Designer Curtain Rods Classy Design Decor Regarding 18. Designer Curtain Rods In Hyderabad Telangana Techno Blinds Plan 15. Designer Curtain Rod 3 Aggarwal Super Interior With Rods Decorations 4. Curtains Modern Curtain Rods Design Wooden Tips Psuthespians With Regard To Designer Plans 3. Designer Curtain Rod 7 Aggarwal Super Interior In Rods Design 11. Slim Line Designer Curtain Track Within Rods Ideas 13. Custom Curtain Pole Finials British Decorative Window Furniture Inside Designer Rods Decor 6. Designer Curtain Poles UK Pole Tracks Brackets Finials Holdbacks With Rods Plans 12. Metal Drapery Hardware And Curtain Rods Designer With Remodel 8.


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Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Ру́син (31 октября 1959) — советский пловец, заслуженный мастер спорта СССР (1979), чемпион XXII Олимпийских игр (1980) в эстафете 4×200 м вольным стилем (в финальном заплыве не участвовал). Специализация на 200, 400 и 1500 м в/с. Выступал за спортивный клуб «Локомотив» (Москва).
Выступал в соревнованиях по плаванию за ДСО «Зенит». Тренеры — Е. Н. Губенко, заслуженный тренер СССР И. М. Кошкин. Серебряный призёр первенства мира (1978), 2-кратный чемпион Европы (1977), Обладатель Кубка Европы (1976), Чемпион Всемирной универсиады, 4-кратный чемпион СССР (1977, 1978, 1979), Многократный призёр первенств СССР.

Биография
Родился в Ленинграде.

 1976 — окончил 62-ю общеобразовательную школу-интернат спортивного профиля. Одноклассник Л. Г. Колотило.
 1981 — закончил ГДОИФК им. Лесгафта
 1981—1986 — Тренер СДЮШОР «Экран».
 1986—1992 — Государственный тренер Спорткомитета по Ленинграду и Ленинградской области.

Проживает в Санкт-Петербурге.

Примечания

Литература
Знаменитые люди Санкт-Петербурга: Биографический словарь / В. Д. Доценко, Г. М. Гетманец, В. М. Йолтуховский. — СПб. : «Аврора-Дизайн», 2005. — Т. 1. — С. 318

Ссылки
 Плавание СССР

Пловцы СССР
Заслуженные мастера спорта СССР
Олимпийские чемпионы по плаванию
Олимпийские чемпионы от СССР
Чемпионы летних Олимпийских игр 1980 года
Пловцы на летних Олимпийских играх 1980 года
Выпускники Университета имени Лесгафта

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ventrikelfibrilleren (ook wel kamerfibrilleren of VF genoemd) is een toestand waarbij de spiervezels van de hartkamers wel samentrekken, maar niet gecoördineerd, zodat er geen pompfunctie bestaat (het bloed stroomt niet meer en de weefsels worden niet meer van zuurstof voorzien). Hierdoor verliest het slachtoffer binnen ca. 10 seconden na het ontstaan van het ventrikelfibrilleren het bewustzijn, en zal, als er niet wordt ingegrepen, binnen ca. 5 minuten onherstelbare hersenbeschadiging optreden, en na meer dan 10 minuten vrijwel zeker de biologische dood intreden.

De enige manier om deze toestand te bestrijden is door een geforceerde elektrische schok door het hart: defibrillatie. Hiervoor bestaan apparaten die defibrillators heten en die in ziekenhuizen, ambulances en op andere risicoplaatsen te vinden zijn. Bij binnen enkele minuten defibrilleren is de kans op volledig herstel zeer groot. Op steeds meer plaatsen worden automatische externe defibrillators (AED's) geplaatst. Iedereen kan ze bedienen aangezien het toestel zowel gesproken als visuele instructies geeft. Het toestel voert de nodige analyses uit en dient indien nodig zelfstandig een elektrische schok toe. Ook worden in gebieden waar de ambulance niet binnen enkele minuten aanwezig kan zijn, brandweervoertuigen uitgerust met een dergelijk apparaat. Deze voertuigen worden als 'first responder brandweer' (FRB) aangeduid.

Bij een acuut hartinfarct is het optreden van ventrikelfibrilleren direct levensbedreigend. Door het toepassen van hartmassage en beademing kan het hart op gang worden gehouden tot een levensreddende elektrische schok wordt toegediend.

Een studie naar het effect van reanimatie door omstanders vond een twee- tot driemaal grotere overlevingskans vergeleken met uitsluitend ingrijpen door medisch personeel. De kans op overleven na 30 dagen lag in 2014 rond de 14% wanneer een getrainde burger assisteerde of 17% bij aanwezigheid van een arts buiten dienst.

Zie ook
 hart
 boezemfibrilleren
 eerste hulp
 hartinfarct
 ritmestoornis
 asystolie

Hartaandoening
Cardiologie


American At The Crossroads A Challenge To Action. American At The Crossroads A Challenge To Action.
American At The Crossroads A Challenge To Action.
Title: American At The Crossroads A Challenge To Action.
Author Name: Buffum, Francis H.
Arrowheads & Projectile Points. New Revised Values.
Our American Cousins. The United States through Canadian Eyes.