text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MathSite.Common.Crypto;
using MathSite.Common.Exceptions;
using MathSite.Db;
using MathSite.Db.DataSeeding.StaticData;
using MathSite.Entities;
using MathSite.Facades.FileSystem;
using MathSite.Facades.Users;
using MathSite.Facades.UserValidation;
using MathSite.Repository.Core;
using MathSite.Tests.Facades.TestStuff;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Xunit;

namespace MathSite.Tests.Facades
{
    public class FileFacadeTests : FacadesTestsBase
    {
        private (IUsersFacade usersFacade, Lazy<IDirectoryFacade> directoryFacade, IUserValidationFacade userValidationFacade) GetRequiredFacades(
            IRepositoryManager repositoryManager
        )
        {
            var passwordsManager = new DoubleSha512HashPasswordsManager();
            var validationFacade = new UserValidationFacade(repositoryManager, passwordsManager);
            var usersFacade = new UsersFacade(repositoryManager, validationFacade, passwordsManager);
            var directoryFacade = new Lazy<IDirectoryFacade>(() => new DirectoryFacade(repositoryManager));

            return (usersFacade, directoryFacade, validationFacade);
        }

        private static async Task<User> GetUserByLoginAsync(MathSiteDbContext context, string login)
        {
            return await context.Users.FirstAsync(user => user.Login == login);
        }

        private FileFacade GetFacade(IRepositoryManager repositoryManager, string pathId, byte[] data)
        {
            var fileStorage = new TestFileStorage(pathId, data);

            var (usersFacade, directoryFacade, userValidationFacade) = GetRequiredFacades(repositoryManager);

            return new FileFacade(repositoryManager, fileStorage, usersFacade, userValidationFacade, directoryFacade);
        }

        private FileFacade GetFacade(IRepositoryManager repositoryManager, string pathId)
        {
            var fileStorage = new TestFileStorage(pathId);

            var (usersFacade, directoryFacade, userValidationFacade) = GetRequiredFacades(repositoryManager);

            return new FileFacade(repositoryManager, fileStorage, usersFacade, userValidationFacade, directoryFacade);
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SaveFile_WithAdminRights_Success()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                var data = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
                const string fileName = "test-filename";

                var facade = GetFacade(manager, fileName);

                var id = await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data)
                );

                Assert.NotEqual(default, id);

                var downloaded = await facade.GetFileAsync(id);
                var dataLength = (int) downloaded.FileStream.Length;
                var downloadedData = new byte[dataLength];

                await downloaded.FileStream.ReadAsync(downloadedData, 0, dataLength);

                Assert.Equal(fileName, downloaded.FileName);
                Assert.Equal(data, downloadedData);
            });
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SaveFile_WithoutAuthentication_Fail()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                var data = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
                const string fileName = "test-filename";

                var facade = GetFacade(manager, fileName);

                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<AuthenticationException>(async () =>
                {
                    await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                        null,
                        fileName,
                        new MemoryStream(data)
                    );
                });
            });
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SaveFile_WithoutRights_Fail()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                var data = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
                const string fileName = "test-filename";

                var facade = GetFacade(manager, fileName);

                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<AuthenticationException>(async () =>
                {
                    await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                        await GetUserByLoginAsync(
                            context,
                            UsersAliases.TestUser
                        ),
                        fileName,
                        new MemoryStream(data)
                    );
                });
            });
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task SaveFile_TheSameFile()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                var data = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
                const string fileName = "test-filename";

                var facade = GetFacade(manager, fileName);

                await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data.ToArray())
                );

                var id = await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data.ToArray())
                );

                Assert.NotEqual(default, id);

                var downloaded = await facade.GetFileAsync(id);

                Assert.Equal($"{fileName}_1", downloaded.FileName);
            });
        }
        [Fact]
        public async Task SaveFile_TheSameFileThirdTime()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                var data = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
                const string fileName = "test-filename";

                var facade = GetFacade(manager, fileName);

                await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data.ToArray())
                );

                await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data.ToArray())
                );

                var id = await facade.SaveFileAsync(
                    await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995),
                    fileName,
                    new MemoryStream(data.ToArray())
                );

                Assert.NotEqual(default, id);

                var downloaded = await facade.GetFileAsync(id);

                Assert.Equal($"{fileName}_2", downloaded.FileName);
            });
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task RemoveFileUsedWithPersonPhoto()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                const string filename = "test-file-for-remove-but-which-is-used-by-person";
                var facade = GetFacade(manager, filename);

                var user = await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995);
                var fileId = await facade.SaveFileAsync(user, filename, new MemoryStream(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
                var file = await manager.FilesRepository.GetAsync(fileId);

                file.Person = user.Person;
                user.Person.Photo = file;
                user.Person.PhotoId = file.Id;
                manager.UsersRepository.Update(user);
                manager.FilesRepository.Update(file);
                context.SaveChanges();

                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<FileIsUsedException>(async () =>
                {
                    await facade.Remove(fileId);
                });

                file = await manager.FilesRepository.FirstOrDefaultAsync(fileId);
                user = await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995);

                Assert.NotNull(file);
                Assert.Equal(file.Name, filename);

                Assert.NotNull(user);
                Assert.Equal(user.Person.PhotoId, fileId);
            });
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task RemoveFileUsedWithPostSettings()
        {
            await WithRepositoryAsync(async (manager, context, logger) =>
            {
                const string filename = "test-file-for-remove-but-which-is-used-by-post-settings";
                var facade = GetFacade(manager, filename);

                var user = await GetUserByLoginAsync(context, UsersAliases.Mokeev1995);
                var fileId = await facade.SaveFileAsync(user, filename, new MemoryStream(new byte[] {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}));
                var file = await manager.FilesRepository.GetAsync(fileId);

                var postSetting = new PostSetting {PreviewImage = file, PreviewImageId = fileId};
                file.PostSettings = new List<PostSetting>
                {
                    postSetting
                };
                var setting = manager.PostSettingRepository.Insert(postSetting);
                manager.FilesRepository.Update(file);
                context.SaveChanges();

                await Assert.ThrowsAsync<FileIsUsedException>(async () =>
                {
                    await facade.Remove(fileId);
                });

                file = await manager.FilesRepository.FirstOrDefaultAsync(fileId);
                postSetting = await manager.PostSettingRepository.FirstOrDefaultAsync(setting.Id);

                Assert.NotNull(file);
                Assert.Equal(file.Name, filename);

                Assert.NotNull(postSetting);
                Assert.Equal(postSetting.PreviewImageId, fileId);
            });
        }
    }
}


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text:
Peter Dinklage's Wife Erica Schmidt Net Worth, Height, Age, Wiki
By Johnathan Buckner May 29, 2022
Home » Peter Dinklage's Wife Erica Schmidt Net Worth, Height, Age, Wiki
1 Who is Erica Schmidt?
4 Marriage with Peter Dinklage
5 Age, height, and net worth
6 Who is Peter Dinklage?
Who is Erica Schmidt?
An actress and writer, Erica Schmidt was born under the zodiac sign of Gemini on 8 June 1975, in the USA, but her exact birthplace hasn't been revealed. She holds American nationality, and her ethnicity is Caucasian. Erica is perhaps known best as the wife of the famous "Game of Thrones" actor, Peter Dinklage.
She's quite a secretive person, and prefers to keep her private life away from the public, thus information regarding her childhood, parents, and any siblings isn't revealed.
Speaking about her educational background, Erica attended a local high school, and upon matriculating in 1993, she enrolled at Vassar College, in Poughkeepsie, New York State, from which she graduated in 1997, with a Bachelor's degree in Visual and Performing Arts (Theatre).
After graduating, Erica worked at the Julliard as a costume designer, before she started in the theatre as a writer and director; she has numerous theatre credits including "Debbie Does Dallas", "Trust", "As You Like It", and "All the Fine Boys", among others.
Erica won the Princess Grace Award in Theater Direction in 2001, and was nominated for the Drama Desk Award Outstanding Director of a Play, in 2020.
She rose to prominence when she wrote and directed the romantic musical drama "Cyrano", which was at first played Off-Broadway in late 2019, and has been adapted as a movie based on this play, which should be released on 25 February 2022, starring Peter Dinklage, Kelvin Harrison Junior, and Haley Bennet.
Erica made her acting debut on the big screen in the 2002 movie "Miles from Nowhere", alongside Jason Fisher, Caren Browning and Laurie Lefever but after this appearance, she stopped acting, to focus her career on the theatre work.
Marriage with Peter Dinklage
Erica hasn't been the subject of any rumors concerning her love life and sexual orientation, as it's widely known that she's a married woman, and the mother of two children.
Peter once spoke about the night when the two of them met, saying: 'It was about 18 years ago now. We were all at a friend's house and someone said, 'They're walking the elephants through the Queens-Midtown Tunnel.' The circus was in town and it was snowing, and they were walking the elephants through Manhattan, a long line of them. It was like something out of a beautiful, fantastical, end-of-the-world, crazy, romantic movie.'
Their love story started in 2003, and after two years of dating, they married on 16 April 2005, in a private wedding ceremony in the presence of only their closest family members and friends.
Erica and Peter became parents for the first time in December 2011, when their daughter was born; they haven't revealed her name, but there were some rumors that the baby girl was named Zilag, which Peter denied. Their second child was born in September 2017, however, they haven't revealed either the gender of the baby or the name.
As of January 2022, Erica and Peter live in an apparently happy marriage, enjoying their love and raising their children.
Age, height, and net worth
Erica is 46 years old, she has brown hair, and brown eyes, weighs around 135lbs (62kgs), and is 5ft 6ins (1.68m) tall.
As of early 2022, her net worth has been estimated at over $1 million.
Who is Peter Dinklage?
Peter Hayden Dinklage was born under the zodiac sign of Gemini on 11 June 1969, in Morris Township, New Jersey USA; he holds American nationality and his ethnicity of mixed Irish and German descent. He's a producer and actor with over 85 credits to his name, whose most notable role was his portrayal of Tyrion Lannister in the world-famous series "Game of Thrones".
A post shared by Peter Dinklage (@peterdinklage)
He was raised in the Brookside section of Morris Township, alongside his brother Jonathan, by their parents – mother Diane was an elementary school teacher, and father John Carl Dinklage was an insurance salesman.
Peter and his brother had an interest in performing from an early age, and used to perform puppet musicals for their family and neighbors. While he was in elementary school, Peter made his acting debut in the school play "The Velveteen Rabbit".
He attended Catholic preparatory Delbarton School for boys, and there developed his acting skills. Upon matriculating in 1987, Peter enrolled at Bennington College, from which he graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Drama Arts, in 1991.
Peter moved to New York City to launch his acting career, however, he wasn't initially successful, so he worked at a data-processing company before he made his acting debut on the big screen in the movie "Living in Oblivion", in 1995.
In the following years, he made appearances in movies such as "Bullet", "Safe Man", and "Pigeonholed", before he was cast to play Harry Appleton in the 2001 movie "Never Again", a romantic comedy drama, written and directed by Eric Schaeffer.
In the early 2000s, Peter was seen in various movies and television series playing minor roles before he portrayed Arthur Ramsey in the series "Threshold" acting alongside Brian Van Holt, Carla Gugino, and Brent Spiner in 2006.
He then starred alongside Elizabeth Banks and Michael Showalter in the romantic comedy movie "The Baxter", followed by his role as Rowlie in "Lassie", before he portrayed Peter in the 2007 comedy drama "Death at a Funeral" starring alongside Ewen Bremner and Matthew Macfadyen, and reprising his role in the remake of the movie in 2010, alongside Chris Rock, Martin Lawrence and Keith David.
In 2011, he was cast to play his most significant role as Tyrion Lannister in "Game of Thrones", starring alongside Kit Harington and Emilia Clarke; the series had 631 award nominations and won 384, including 59 Primetime Emmys.
Peter won four Primetime Emmys – Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, in 2012, '15, '16, '18 and '19, and he also won Gold Derby TV Award Drama Supporting Actor, and Golden Globe Award Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television, all for "Game O fThrones".
Concurrently, Peter acted in movies such as "A Little Bit of Heaven", "A Case of You", and "Low Down" before he was cast to play Eddie in the fantasy adventure "Pixels", acting alongside Adam Sandler and Kevin James, in 2015.
In 2016, he starred alongside Melissa McCarthy and Kristen Bell in the comedy drama "The Boss", followed by his role as Eitri in the Oscar-nominated movie "Avengers: Infinity War", starring Chris Hemsworth, Robert Downey Junior, and Mark Ruffalo; the movie had 79 award nominations, including one for the Oscar – Best Achievement in Visual Effects, and won 46.
In the two-times Oscar awarded movie "Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri", Peter portrayed James, acting alongside Sam Rockwell, Frances McDormand and Woody Harrelson; the movie had 235 award nominations and won 131, including two Oscars for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Frances McDormand), and Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role (Sam Rockwell).
His most recent role was in the announced movie "Cyrano", while he will be seen in a few new movies which are in post-production.
Peter and Erica prefer to keep their private lives away from the media's attention, and neither of them has an account on any social media platforms.
This 52 year old actor was born with a common form of dwarfism, called achondroplasia, so he stands at the height of 4ft 5ins (1.35m), and weighs around 110lbs (50kgs).
As of January 2022, his net worth has been estimated at close to $25 million – according to sources, from the series "Game of Thrones", he earned over $15 million.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Adhesion barrier is used to reduce the risk of internal adhesion formulation after the surgery. The global adhesion barrier market is growing at a significant rate, due to expanding geriatric population and surge in a number of surgeries. Different product contributed to the adhesion barrier market size. The market has witnessed high demand for synthetic adhesion barrier in the coming years due to its benefits such as bioabsorbable properties and cost-effectiveness, a huge amount of commercially accessible synthetic adhesion barriers and greater consumption of adhesion barrier by surgeons in several surgeries.
On the basis of product, the adhesion barrier market is subdivided into natural adhesion barriers and synthetic adhesion barriers. Of both products, synthetic adhesion barriers segment accounted the largest share and is expected to grow at the fastest rate in the adhesion barrier market, due to its benefits such as bioabsorbable properties, biocompatible, and cost-effectiveness, a huge amount of commercially accessible synthetic adhesion barriers and greater consumption of adhesion barrier by surgeons in several surgeries.
On the basis of formulation, the market is subdivided into film formulations, gel formulations, and liquid formulations. Escalating number of surgeries, clinical confirmation defending the safety and efficiency of these forms, and greater implementation of film form adhesion barrier by surgeons due to low cost are some of the factors responsible for the growth of the film formulation. Of all the formulation, the film formulation accounted foremost share in the adhesion barrier market.
On the basis of application, the market is subdivided into gynecological surgeries, neurological surgeries, reconstructive surgeries, cardiovascular surgeries, urological surgeries, general/abdominal surgeries, orthopedic surgeries, and other surgeries. The mounting number of C-section, pelvic cancer, and hysterectomy surgeries, intensifying occurrence of conditions such as infertility and incontinence, and escalating implementation of film-form and gel-form adhesion barriers for open and laparoscopic gynecological surgeries are the factors growing the demand of gynecological surgeries application. Among all applications, the gynecological surgeries application accounted the largest share in the adhesion barrier market.
Expanding the geriatric population, mounting alertness about the medical inference of post-surgical adhesion formulation, and a surge in the number of surgeries and sport-related injuries are the primary growth drivers for the adhesion barrier market. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), globally in 2010 approximately 524 million people were aged 65 years and older and is expected to reach 1.5 billion in 2050.
The mounting occurrence of chronic diseases owing to geriatric population, escalating and epidemiological shift from infectious to chronic diseases are also facilitating the growth for the adhesion barrier market. Owing to the mounting occurrence of chronic disease has resulted in the number of surgeries performed globally, which damages the tissues due to surgical trauma. The adhesion barriers are used in several surgical procedures to separate internal tissue and organ during the healing process.
Disinclination regarding the usage of adhesion barriers amongst surgeons and strict regulations resultant in inadequate technological innovations are the major challenges for the growth of the adhesion barrier market.
Globally, the manufacturing companies trying to enter the adhesion barrier industry are required to maintain stringent regulatory standards. Moreover, the high level of capital requirement also poses a major barrier to the entry of new players. This offers an edge to the established players in the industry competition.
Geographically, North America is the largest adhesion barrier market as in the region the geriatric population is increasing. In addition, the mounting occurrence of chronic diseases, mounting healthcare expenditure, the surge in a number of surgical procedure, escalating number of soft tissue injuries, and firm healthcare services are also up surging growth of the North American adhesion barrier market. For instance, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2012 approximately 43.1 million people were aged 65 years and older in the U.S. and is expected to reach 83.7 million in 2050.
Asia-Pacific is observed to witness the fastest growth in the market, due to mounting healthcare expenditure. In addition, a mounting number of surgeries, and escalating medical tourism are also creating a positive impact on the adhesion barrier market growth in the region.
Key players in the adhesion barrier industry are catering to the demand of these devices by investing in technologically advanced products in their product portfolio across the globe. In October 2018, FzioMed, Inc. launched Oxiplex/IU in the European Union for intrauterine surgery to improve surgical outcomes by decreasing post-surgical adhesions. Johnson & Johnson, C. R. Bard, Inc., FzioMed, Inc., Sanofi, Anika Therapeutics, Baxter International, Inc., MAST Biosurgery, Integra LifeSciences Holdings Corporation, Getinge Group, and Betatech Medical are the key players offering adhesion barrier.


text:
In His Own Words: Don Aravind on Drive
by Lainie in Voices on August 14, 2018
Filmmaker Don Aravind
Don Aravind is an award-winning fimmaker who has worked on more than 25 films as a screenwriter and director. He is also the director of 'Drive', a new Viddsee Originals web series.
The series explores human stories through the final working days of a taxi driver, and his fleeting relationships with passengers.
Tell us a bit about yourself, and how you got into storytelling and filmmaking!
I was keen on filmmaking since I was young, but didn't get to attend film school. It was only after National Service that I joined Ngee Ann Polytechnic's Film, Sound & Video. That was the start, like a dream come true. A decade later, I started directing for TV.
An interrupted nightcap in 'Drive"
What was the inspiration behind the story and characters in Drive?
Inspiration manifests in various forms, in everything that I involve myself in. It takes a collage from personal memories and people who mean a lot to me.
The story and characters of Drive are connected to me. But, they are universally relatable too. Talk with any taxi driver, and you will know.
Uncle judging his dodgy passenger's behaviour
What were some of the challenges you encountered while working on Drive?
I dread filming in a moving vehicle. Sound, road, camera mounts, continuity — you name it. All the departments working around these elements underwent challenges. Secondly, filming overnight for two weeks needs mental energy and stamina.
There are many challenges. That's how it should be. If there is nothing challenging, you won't remember it.
What was your aim as a director with Drive?
The story precedes the director. I hope it resonates, and the audience connects with the characters.
A fearful sight for Uncle
Could you talk about your writing process with D Vel Murugan?
Vel is a close friend and good director. He is an excellent storyteller whom many might not know of. I am a fan of his work.
We had various versions of what works and didn't during the writing process. He left it to my best judgement, and I reworked the story while staying true to its soul.
A distraught mother seeks aid from Uncle
Your short films on Viddsee feature characters who have suffered losses. What draws you to this recurring theme?
My work consciously deals with loss quite a bit. My life experience draws me to this theme.
A lonely cigarette smoke as Uncle tries to stay awake
Any interesting stories from production with your cast and crew that you'll like to share?
The lead actor, Uncle Silvarajoo (Prakasam), has not smoked before in the 62 years of his life. He did for this project.
Watch Ep 1 of Drive by Don Aravind (Singapore) on Viddsee!:
Watch the rest of Drive here!
Article by Lainie in Voices on August 14, 2018
Tags: D Vel Murugan, Don Aravind, Drive, interview, scene city, singapore, viddsee originals, web series
In Her Own Words: Sabrina Poon
In His Own Words: Michael Tay
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In His Own Words: Rifyal Giffari on A Spectacular Sight
In Her Own Words: Sabrina Poon Discusses Family And Film


text:
ShockWave Xtractor Accelerated Aging Technology Installed at 3BR Distillery
Posted on June 4, 2021 June 5, 2021 by Hogan Kaily
XtractMor would like to announce that its ShockWave Xtractor (Xtractor) technology has been installed at the new 3BR Distillery in Keyport, NJ. Opened in April 2021, 3BR is a producer of craft spirits and features craft cocktails made with the spirits produced on-site and inspired by Russian ingredients. Patrons are taken back in time as they are served in a kitsch Soviet-punk themed tasting room. 3BR uses the Xtractor technology to give their spirits an aged flavor, diminishing or eliminating the need for time in barrels for brown liquors and mellowing the flavor of white liquors.
Using the force of cavitation, the Xtractor can significantly accelerate and catalyze liquor aging, allowing flavor transitions that often take years to develop to happen in minutes to days. The Xtractor harnesses the normally destructive power of cavitation so its pressure fluctuations can be used to provide accelerated aging of liquors and spirits. For brown or dark spirits this is accomplished by extracting flavors and color from wood chips entrained in the fluid flowing through the equipment as opposed to traditional static barrel aging. The technology can allow new distillers to sell dark/brown liquors immediately rather than waiting for years of aging. The distiller may also see a drastic yield increase due to not having the evaporative losses typical with barrels. This same action can also be used to extract flavor from fruits, spices and other flavor sources allowing distillers to experiment with new or seasonal flavors and see near immediate results. The Xtractor does all parts of natural aging including the addition of wood flavors and aromas, esterification and oxidation to form or remove compounds and utilize the char to filter unwanted flavors. The mellowing effect can also be seen with cavitation only (no wood or other flavor additions) on clear liquors, wines and even strong beers.
Aleksandr Zhdanov
3BR Distillery
Co-CEO and Head Distiller
aleks@3brdistillery.com
7 Main St.
About XtractMor
XtractMor is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hydro Dynamics, Inc. (HDI) and the exclusive marketer of HDI's ShockWave Xtractor (Xtractor) for brewery, winery, and distillery applications. HDI is also located in Rome, Georgia and is the developer and manufacturer of the cavitation based Xtractor technology. The Xtractor uses the physical phenomenon of cavitation and harnesses it to solve critical industrial mixing, extraction and heating problems. The technology can now be found on six continents in applications ranging from biodiesel production to hops extraction for beer.
About 3BR
3BR Distillery producer of craft spirits featuring a Soviet-punk tasting room. Experience craft cocktails made with spirits produced on-site in the kitsch tasting room inspired by Russian ingredients. 3BR is located in Keyport, NJ and opened to the public in April 2021. Learn more at: https://g-dil.com/
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If you have an idea for doing some Perl work that will benefit the Perl community, please consider submitting a grant application. The application deadline for this round is 23:59 March 27th UTC. We will publish the received applications, get community feedback through April 3rd, and conclude acceptance by April 10th.
We will confirm the receipt of application by March 28th.
New dates for this round: Submittals due by March 31st, feedback through April 7th, conclude acceptance by April 14th.
This page contains a single entry by Coke published on March 20, 2018 5:36 PM.
Maintaining Perl 5 (Tony Cook): February 2018 Grant Report was the previous entry in this blog.
The Perl Conference Newsletter: 3/25/18 is the next entry in this blog.


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Home » Legal Blog » Sexual Assault on Campus: University & Criminal Penalties
Sexual Assault on Campus: University & Criminal Penalties
By Michael Skinner
A report of a sexual assault that happened on February 9 left West Chester University students on high alert. A text alert reporting the incident went out to students all over campus, heightening suspicion and fear for many. This sexual assault at West Chester University has brought attention to the policies and procedures put in place to protect victims.
However, if you are ever accused of sexual assault on campus you may face consequences at the institutional level in addition to typical criminal penalties. Contact Skinner Law Firm if you are the subject of an accusation and need representation.
Call (610) 436-1410 for a free and confidential consultation about your situation
West Chester Sexual Assault: Short-Term Measures
Anyone may report sexual misconduct to the Title IX officer at West Chester University, according to their Sexual Misconduct Policy. If you are accused of sexual misconduct, your day-to-day life could change immediately as the university takes measures to help the alleged victim. These measures include:
Housing reassignments to keep the complainant and accused apart
Class reassignment to keep the complainant and accused from being in the same class
Adjustments to transportation, work, and parking to keep the accused and accuser separate
A ban on contact between the parties
How West Chester University Investigates Sexual Assault
From there, the Title IX Deputy Coordinator moves forward with their investigation. They conduct a fact-finding investigation that involves communicating with all involved parties and witnesses.
The disciplinary process begins when a hearing officer listens to the case or it goes through a formal hearing in front of a board. The board listens to the victim's case and the accused may pass questions to the board to ask the victim.
The accused presents their response and must answer questions posed by the board. Each of the individuals on the Conduct Board may vote, based on the preponderance of the evidence standard. This means that they simply have to decide if it is more likely than not that sexual misconduct happened.
After the board votes, the accused may face sanctions. These may include:
Disciplinary reprimand
Disciplinary probation
Deferred suspension
Loss of housing or dining privileges
How Sexual Assault is Handled at Other Universities
Several other colleges and universities in the area take a similar approach to the one used at West Chester University.
At Widener University, those accused of sexual misconduct often face suspension or expulsion. At Immaculata University, those accused of sexual misconduct may temporarily be subjected to a no contact order, be removed from university housing, have their class schedule changed, be restricted from university activities, or have changes made to their work or job assignment. If they impose sanctions, they may restrict campus privileges, revoke good disciplinary standing, take away university housing, put students on probation, deny access to specific buildings or facilities, or recommend suspension or expulsion.
Title IX is the law that determines the sanctions used by almost every college and university in the United States.
Sexual Assault Criminal Penalties
On top of the misconduct investigation at West Chester University, you should also prepare to go through the criminal justice system. The burden of proof is much higher here, but so are the penalties.
Those convicted of rape may pay fines as high as $25,000 and spend up to 20 years in prison. Those convicted of sexual assault may spend up to 10 years in prison and pay fines set by the court. Indecent assault is a misdemeanor but can still lead to time in prison and heavy fines.
In any case in which a defendant is convicted of a sex crime, they must also register as a sex offender.
Reach Out to Skinner Law Immediately
If you have been accused of sexual assault, you need criminal defense representation right away. Whether you face penalties at the university level, through the criminal justice system, or both, your future is dependent on the strength of your defense.
Call Skinner Law Firm at (610) 436-1410 or contact us online to schedule a free consultation.
Michael J. Skinner, the founder of Skinner Law Firm LLC, is a former prosecutor with the Chester County District Attorney's Office.
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January was a difficult flying month with a true return to winter weather and all the difficulties and inconveniences that winter brings. Personally, I had to scrub about 3 times in the last 3 weeks. C'est la Vie! That's Winter Flying.
Some frequent visitors to the airport may have noticed that Bistro 26 has closed and a new Restaurant, Tilly's 2, has opened its doors. Tilly's is going to open daily from 7AM to 3PM. I had the opportunity to eat lunch there this past Saturday and was impressed. The menu is an all day breakfast along with soup and sandwiches. Tilly's decided not to pick up the liquor licence at this time.
There was some concern regarding the ability to host our regular club meetings at the airport. I am happy to report that this has been resolved and we will continue in the meeting room as usual. The new owner has said that they will prepare a price fixed menu for dinner on those Thursdays as long as we commit to a minimum of 5 guests. Since this will be considered a catered function, they may be able to serve alcohol. however, this has yet to be finalized.
Let's hope that February provides us with some good winter flying weather!
Happy Holidays everyone! My wife Stacey and I are looking forward to the Annual BFC Christmas Dinner; being held Saturday December 17th at Bistro 26. It's always a great time with friends and family. An email should have been sent to all members December 8th asking those wishing to attend the Dinner to complete the form, so that we can accurately gauge numbers, meal preferences and any allergies that guests might have. If you have not done, so or you thought initially you could not attend, but now can, please complete that form as soon as possible so that no one is disappointed. The link to the survey is provided at the end of this newsletter.
I know that I have said it in the past, but its worth saying again. To me the Borden Flying Club is more than just a place where you can rent a plane and going flying. It's a club where its members enjoy getting together at club meetings and social events to be surrounded by others who share a passion for aviation. A club where everyone participates and contributes at some level to the overall well-being of the club and most importantly its only physical asset PDW. I would especially like to thank those members, past and present that have gone the extra mile to serve on the Board of Directors of the Borden Flying Club. A broad mix of experience and backgrounds on the Board is key to the Club's continuing success.
So, as 2016 draws to a close, and we all make a fresh start and resolutions in the New Year, I would ask that you consider volunteering more for the dirty jobs like washing and waxing the airplane, keeping the hangar clean, and most importantly becoming a Board Member; lending your voice and experience to the continued good governance of our club.
The Borden Flying Club Christmas Dinner is scheduled for December 17th at the Bistro 26. Let's meet for drinks at 18:00 with dinner set to begin at 19:00. To ensure that the Bistro 26 has the right ingredients on hand, we need to know the final count of guests and what you think you will want for dinner that night. Also, we want to know if there are any allergies or other special requirements.
Please click here to open the survey.
There is no need to respond to this survey if you are not planning to attend. If you said "no" to the last survey, you can still change your mind and let us know you are coming by using this survey. If this is the one date that you couldn't make, sorry but we went with the majority vote.
The meal is $53.00 per person. This includes wine on each table, coffee, tea, gratuity, and tax.
Please respond by the end of Sunday, December 11th. Thank you!
There have been quite a few positive steps forward at the club since I last wrote to everyone. We have a new member database and booking calendar system that allows greater flexibility for members wishing to book the airplane, better communication, and better ability for the club to use automation to track currencies. That being said, there will be a few growing pains as everyone gets used to the new system, so your patience is appreciated.
We have also invested in a new remote switch for the Tanis heater. Again, the premise behind the new switch was to provide members with greater reliability and flexibility.
The switch is called SwitchBox (http://switchboxcontrol.com/pilots/). It will give pilots the ability to turn on the Tanis remotely via an Apple or Android app. Anyone of our pilots using the app will be able to see in real time if the Tanis is on or off. Set-up requires that we set-up a white-list of cell phone numbers that will be allowed to communicate with the SwitchBox, so if you have not done so lately, please ensure that your cell phone number is up to date in your member profile.
The club has logged high flying hours this summer, coupled with near capacity membership, all great to see! As winter approaches there will be a notable drop in flying and some pilots will run out of flight currency.
With many new and returning members joining the club, and as a good reminder for experienced members here is a reminder of the club's currency requirements.
Initial checkout - all new members.
Every 60 days fly as PIC.
Annual Review (one per membership year) with club check pilot.
The annual review requirements were recently updated and announced at the last technical night meeting. The annual review is still required for any member who maintains currency throughout the year. Members who attended a recurrent checkout, will not require the annual review. The ideal being that all members go through a checkout event, at minimum once per membership year. However, all the check pilots continue to encourage members into booking an annual review regardless, and stay fresh with X-country and flying techniques. Annual reviews can be any short X-country destination, lately CYKZ or CYPQ have proven to be a good challenge for members.
Any feedback on flight operations, let us know - we want to hear back from your experiences!
I'd like to thank every one of these Gentlemen for their continued support in the smooth operation of the club!
In reviewing the contact list, a number of members have let their documents lapse on their profile. In some instances, converting them to "pending" from "flying" because of expired medical information. Please take a moment and update your contact record. Make sure that all licence and medical information is up to date. Please inform Clive in Membership when you renew your medical, as he must update that information in the system. Pending Status restricts your access to the booking calendar. Do not get caught out!
Lets have a great year of Flying!
Last Call! If you are thinking of joining us for our annual holiday dinner on December 12th, please click on this link and fill in the survey.
RSVP by Wednesday evening at the latest.
A big thank you to all of those who have already responded. Also, thanks to the members who took the time to email their regrets.
We only have 6 responses to our survey so far. If you are thinking of joining us for dinner on December 12th, please click on this link and fill in the survey.
We would like to estimate the number of people who expect to join us for the annual holiday dinner at the Bistro 26 on December the 12th. The Bistro 26 will be keeping to the same price as last year: $35 per person (plus tax and gratuity). It will be a fixed menu that includes a selection of appetizer, main dish, and dessert. Of course, beverages are extra.
We will meet for cocktails at 18:00 and have dinner served at 19:00. We hope that you will be able to join us!
Each year the Borden Flying Club membership gets together for a holiday celebration. In recent years, this has been a dinner event early in December. We would like to know if you would prefer to continue with a dinner or if you would rather have a lunch event. Once we have a good idea of what people prefer, we will pick a date and will look for an RSVP in a future survey.
Please use this link and complete the one question survey.
Please note that we have moved our September meeting to the evening of the 24th. We will hear a talk about the famed CF-105 Avro Arrow. The meeting is at the Bistro 26 at 19:00. Some of us will be arriving earlier for dinner. We hope to see you there.
Click here to see our newsletter with further details.
It's hard to believe that we are in September again! The Summer was active with lots of flying, a great turnout at the Gathering of the Classics in August, and some new members to the Borden Flying Club. To our new members, welcome! I look forward to seeing you around the airport and at the club meetings which start back up again in September.
Some of you may have noticed an e-blast on the weekend, about our September meeting. In an effort to accommodate our guest speaker we have moved the club meeting back by one week. Please mark it on your calendars that we will be meeting on the 24th of September this month. As usual Bistro 26 will be the venue, and as always there are usually a number of us, who sit down for cocktails and dinner before the meeting starts. I encourage all who are planning on attending the meeting to join us beforehand.


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IRCT Council outlines enhanced roadmap for its mission to support life after torture
The Council of the IRCT reviewed and refined its 2015-2020 Strategic Plan, shaping the work of the movement for the period 2018-2020, while welcoming 12 new centres to the now 160-member strong network.
Over the course of two days, the IRCT's Council, consisting of 26 member centres and three independent experts, discussed the current priorities of the torture rehabilitation movement and unanimously adopted the enhanced strategy. "Survivors are at the heart of this strategy. Everything we do must be to support life after torture," said Jorge Aroche, President of the IRCT. "This movement comes together to take collective action to ensure the victim's right to rehabilitation. The enhanced strategy recognises this and further ensures that our work is effective and implemented in a way that is consistent with human rights values and the highest ethical standards." The IRCT is further determined to make the torture rehabilitation sector financially sustainable and able to transmit high quality knowledge on rehabilitation while ensuring that the movement is well governed.
The Council reaffirmed the strong commitment to fighting for a world without torture and demanded that States comply with obligations to prevent and prosecute torture, provide reparations to victims, and increase funding to make the right to rehabilitation a reality.
To achieve those outcomes, the enhanced strategy aims to:
lead the work on global standards on rehabilitation and monitoring and evaluation systems including increasing the capacity of the movement to collect and analyse data and other forms of evidence;
launch a global rehabilitation knowledge platform that connects members in relation to knowledge and tools;
secure the long-term viability of the rehabilitation sector by mapping, developing and sharing sustainable business models;
maintain a well-run and well-structured organisation focusing on reviewing governance structures and improving communication of results.
The Council also identified priority areas within the roadmap provided by the enhanced strategy. These areas include, among others, (i) the establishment of a draft research agenda for the torture rehabilitation sector, (ii) the development of IRCT's policy on gender and torture rehabilitation and (iii) the creation of sector-wide standards. Additionally, the Council initiated decision-making processes toward the realisation of the VI General Assembly and XI Scientific Symposium, which will be held in early 2020.
As Sana Hamzeh, Vice-President of the IRCT, says: "The enhanced strategy is a clear expression of the membership's will. I am really pleased that we have gathered here to reaffirm the democratic nature of our movement and I am confident that the enhanced strategy will unleash the full potential of torture rehabilitation centres around the world."
During this meetingThe President of the IRCT, Jorge Aroche, also welcomed 12 new torture rehabilitation centres to the IRCT membership:
Association Justice and Mercy, Lebanon
Bilingual Assistance Services, USA
Asociacion Equipo de Estudios Comunitarios y Accion Psicosocial ECAP, Guatemala
Justice Centre HK, Hong Kong
Libertas, USA
Nebras, Tunisia
Refugees Trauma Recovery, Red Cross, New Zealand
Red Cross Gothenburg, Sweden
Room to Heal, UK
Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition International, USA
Tree of Life, Zimbabwe
Western New York Center for Survivors of Torture, USA
The meeting was closed on Friday 1 December with the presence of IRCT Founder Inge Genefke, who delivered a message of solidarity and respect that evoked the work of the many persons who, over the last four decades, have built the global rehabilitation movement.
As a membership organisation, the IRCT is governed by its members. When it comes to developing the organisation's strategic plan, the IRCT follows a process of deliberation and decision-making via the IRCT Council, which consists of 26 representatives from the membership and three independent experts. The IRCT Council is elected by the IRCT membership through the General Assembly. The Secretary-General is accountable to the IRCT Executive Committee, which consists of eight members of the Council (one from each region) and one independent expert.
The Executive Committee of the IRCT mandated the Secretariat to evaluate the strategic plan mid-way through its implementation. The Secretariat's internal review took place between July and September 2017. The process was comprised of analyses of previous external reviews and interviews with secretariat staff, donors, and Council members, as well as a complementary survey disseminated to the membership at-large. The internal review highlighted the need to shift the emphasis from a methods-oriented strategy, focussing on advocacy, capacity building, research and governance to a result-oriented strategy, delivering tangible outcomes in the fight against torture.
IRCT Council Declarations
• Copenhagen Declaration on the Right to Rehabilitation, 2014
• Copenhagen Declaration on Torture and Forced Migration, 2014
• Copenhagen Declaration on Torture and Detention, 2014
IRCT General Assembly Resolutions
• Mexico Consensus
"The enhanced strategy is a clear expression of the membership's will. I am really pleased that we have gathered here to reaffirm the democratic nature of our movement and I am confident that the enhanced strategy will unleash the full potential of torture rehabilitation centres around the world."
Sana Hamzeh, IRCT Vice-President


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A GHOST TOWN AND BURIED TREASURE TOO
Yes, Branch County claims two ghost towns in its history. In both cases even the buildings have become no more than ghosts themselves. Even their cemeteries are nearly beyond locating. The two villages were named Mason and Branch.
This old 1905 photo shows the last standing house in the former County Seat village of Branch, Branch, MI
The photo shown gives you a view of the very last standing building of the county seat village of Branch. It was taken in 1905 and is now in the possession of the Branch District Library in Coldwater.
The village of Branch was created by chance. Three state commissioners were sent by Governor Cass to select a county seat for Branch County. They selected Mason, a small village immediately east of the current Oak Grove Cemetery. But, having failed to officially be sworn in to their positions before their visit, the decision was voided. So the state acted again in 1831, sending three new commissioners to Branch County. They selected a location just north of the only manufacturing site in the county, Black Hawk Mills. Their pick was nothing more than an open field, so the village of Branch was created by their action.
Locals like Elisha Warren and others, seeing an opportunity, purchased all the land around the new county seat and laid out village lots. The community started growing with a new County Treasurer & Register of Deeds, and a new Postmaster. Over the next 4 years they saw the addition of a general store, a distillery, a schoolhouse, a hotel, a new jail & courthouse and Branch County's first newspaper, the "Michigan Star".
But greed by the landowners to get top dollar for land kept businesses out of the village. A fatal mistake on their part. Branch was also off the main road, the Sauk Trail, making it inconvenient to visit. But the new village of Coldwater was directly on the trail, making it a logical stopping point. And Coldwater, determined to be the county seat, was giving land to new businesses.
By 1842 the continued growth in the eastern portion of Branch County gave them enough votes to win moving the county seat from Branch to Coldwater, and the one-time county center started down the slippery slope of no return to becoming a ghost town.
The final blow came when an offer to build a new grist mill at Branch for a price of only $75 was decline. The men then located the new mill on the river in Coldwater. The center for commerce in Branch County had found a new home.
By 1905 only a single building remained of the once active community of Branch. Today, only some buried building foundations and the cemetery remain as reminders of a lost community, a ghost town.
So, what about the buried treasure? Well, one of the landowners and residence of Branch was a fellow by the name of Isaac Middaugh.
The time was 1838 and Michigan was a true frontier state, including horse thieves, robbers and some unique opportunists of very questionable character. In the village was the Barlingame's Hotel, known across the area as a wild roadhouse for Saturday night partying.
It seems that Isaac planned to attend the tavern's frontier dance, but was fearful of leaving his money at home, alone. There was no bank in Branch, and he certainly had no intention of taking his loot to the roadhouse with him and inviting a robbery.
So, he waited until early nightfall, after the moon had risen, then took a spade and went to the west bank of the Branch creek. Going to the north side of the roadway along the creek he tied his gold coins in a canvas bag and proceeded to bury them for safe keeping.
The next morning, still suffering from the effects of the prior night's folly, he discovered that he could not relocate the point at which he had buried the gold. Try has he might, and $200 in gold coin in 1838 was worth the effort, he simply could not uncover the canvas bag.
So, Isaac's loss became another piece in the fatal story of a village that grew from an open field as the county seat, prospered, failed and never relinquished its buried gold treasure.
I wonder…on a full moon night can you still find Isaac digging in the mud along the shore of the Branch Creek?
INDIAN TRAIL MARKER TREE 2011 SESQUICENTENNIAL OF COLDWATER


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Where to Access Candid Resources
Grant Writing Resources
Candid Locations near CFO's Nonprofit Agency Partners
Please note: Hours are subject to change and should be verified with the host organization.
Springfield-Greene County Library — The Library Center
4653 S. Campbell Ave., Springfield, MO 65810 · 417-882-0714
Monday: 8:30am-9:00pm
Wednesday: 8:30am-9:00pm
Thursday: 8:30am-9:00pm
Sunday: 1:00pm-5:00pm
Missouri Southern State University — Spiva Library
3950 E. Newman Rd., L-329, Joplin, MO 64801 · (417) 625-9806
Monday: 7:30am-11:00pm
Tuesday: 7:30am-11:00pm
Wednesday: 7:30am-11:00pm
Thursday: 7:30am-11:00pm
Sunday: 1:00pm-11:00pm
Seasonal Hours: The Resource Development Center has modified hours of operation during breaks between university semesters. Please call the RDC at 417-659-5472 during MSSU's winter, spring and summer break to ensure the facilities are open.
Fayetteville Public Library
401 W. Mountain St., Fayetteville, AR 72701 · (479) 856-7000
University of Arkansas–Fort Smith — Boreham Library
5210 Grand Ave., Fort Smith, AR 72913 · (501) 788-7204
Seasonal Hours: During summer, library is closed on Saturdays.
Kansas City Public Library
14 W. 10th St., Kansas City, MO 64105 · (816) 701-3400
Ste. Genevieve County Library
21388 Hwy. 32, Ste. Genevieve, MO 63670 · (573) 883-3358
Kirkwood Public Library
140 East Jefferson Ave., Kirkwood, MO 63122 · (314) 821-5770
Search for other Candid Locations


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History, Culture & Heritage
The Forest of Bowland is a landscape rich in heritage, designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, much of this beauty is related to the wild nature of the landscape - itself a result of hundreds, if not thousands of years of human activity.
Many of the features present in Bowland today were established in the post medieval period. Across Bowland there are many fine examples of the stone buildings that were built to replace timber houses between the 16th and 18th centuries, with their characteristic stone mullions, lintels and datestones. There are also sites that survive as isolated reminders of the medieval heritage of the Forest of Bowland, for example the Cistercian monastery at Sawley.
It was the medieval period that perhaps had the greatest impact on the Bowland landscape. During this time the Royal hunting forests were established - the title 'forest' refers to hunting rights, and not to a large expanse of woodland, as we interpret it today. The King used his rights to prevent landowners from clearing and cultivating the land, restricting development and prohibiting change. This controlling influence continued after the Forest laws were revoked in 1507, as deer parks and smaller estates replaced the hunting forests.
There were five main forests - the Royal Forest of Bowland and four others belonging to the earldom of Lancaster at Bleasdale, Quernmore, Wyresdale and Pendle. Hunting in these areas was traditionally for deer and wild boar, together with rabbits, foxes, hares, pheasants and partridges.
Managing the land for game hunting, primarily grouse shooting, has remained a predominant influence on the landscape, and several large private landowners remain today, such as the Duchy of Lancaster, the Duke of Westminster, and Lord Clitheroe. However the current largest single landowner is United Utilities - which manages a large area of the fells primarily for water catchment.
Bronze Age settlers cleared trees from the fells and began cultivating the land. They left little material evidence of their presence, but the fells have remained largely clear of trees ever since.
Other pre historic remains in the area include a cairn on Parlick Pike and Bleasdale Circle.
The Romans left behind two key routeways through Bowland, the north-south Ribchester to Carlisle road, and a lesser east-west route which is evident north of Downham.
The Norse settlers left their impact in our language as well as the landscape - for example, 'Pen' in Pendle means hill; 'Tolfin' was a norseman who founded what is now called Dolphinholme ('holme' is an area of flat land). Contrary to popular misconceptions, the origins of the name Bowland have nothing to do with archery ("the land of the bow") or with medieval vaccaries (Old Norse, bu-, cow). According to Ekwall (1922), the name derives from the Old English boga-, Old Norse bogi-, meaning a "bow or bend in a river", and was likely coined in the tenth-century to describe the topography of the Hodder basin, with its characteristic meandering river and streams. The Domesday Bogeuurde is an instance of this usage – a placename thought to designate Barge Ford (formerly known as Boward/Bowerd), a ford that sits on the wide, pronounced bend of the Hodder at its confluence with Foulscales Brook, due southwest of Newton.
Local History & Heritage - Notable Heritage Features
Medieval vaccaries (a type of cattle farm) at Sabden and Marshaw, the motte and bailey castles in the Lune valley, and the monastery at Sawley.
Grand halls, parks and houses at Browsholme, Leagram and Quernmore
Sixteenth to eighteenth century stone buildings with their distinctive stone mullions, lintels and datestones can be seen in many villages and a fine example is at Stephen Park in Gisburn Forest
Dry stone walls and outbarns - the irregular field patterns are oldest (pre 1600AD), while the more regular patterns date from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Disused quarries and lead mines
Lime kilns (used to make mortar as well as lime to fertilise the fields)
Nineteenth century cotton and paper mills at Oakenclough and Caton


The input text of PukiWiki is usually shown in the same way as it was entered. However, you can use the following rules to enhance your texts. The use of HTML tags is forbidden. Instead, special characters can be used to format text. Formatting rules usually apply to a certain part of the text. Such a part of a text is called a text Element.
First of all, let's describe the "world" of PukiWiki. PukiWiki treats text as a set of Elements. An empty line indicates the end of an Element. Elements can contain other Elements. Such contained Elements are called "Child Elements". The element which contains "Child Elements" is called a "Parent Element".
~This is a paragraph. It is the parent element which contains an emphasized text element.
This is a paragraph. It is the parent element which contains an emphasized text element.
This is emphasized text, which is the child element of the paragraph element.
There are two kinds of elements in PukiWiki: "Block Elements", and "Inline Elements".
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Can be the Child Element of another Block Element.
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Next, we'll decribe the two different kinds of elements in detail.
A Block Element can contain other Block Elements and Inline Elements as its Child Elements. However, a Paragraph, a Heading, a Horizontal Line, and a #(Plugin[Block]) cannot contain other Block Elements as their Child Elements.
As we said before, an empty line after a Block Element closes all the Child Elements and Block Elements above at once.
Block Elements can be Child Elements of other Block Elements.
List and Quotation Elements can contain other Block Elements as their Child Elements. Block Elements in Child Elements inherit the indent level of its Parent Element. As always, an empty line ends the Block Element.
List and Quotation have three levels of depth, which are all independent. So, if you want to contain a List Element in a Quotation Element, or a Quotation Element in a List Element, you don't need to increase the indentation level of the Parent Element.
But if you want to contain a List Element in another List Element, or Quotation in another Quotation as its Child Elements, you need to increase the indentation level of Parent Element.
It may seem difficult explained like this, but it's probably more simple than it seems. Please check "Nesting Elements" for concrete examples.
"<","<<",and "<<<" enable you to close a Quotation in a Child Element without closing the Parent Element it belongs to.
"<" lets you get out of the Quotation Level1 Element.
"<<" lets you get out of the Quotation Level2 Element.
"<<<" lets you get out of the Quotation Level3 Element.
Empty Line closes not only the Quotation Element but also the Block Element it belongs to.
PukiWiki assumes that each new Block is the beginning of a new paragraph, unless you instruct it to format the text differently, by using the formatting codes of other Block Elements.
A line that starts with "~" indicates the beginning of a new paragraph. "~" also enables you escape the special characters (~、-、+、:、>、|、#、//) that are normally used as "Formatting Characters". Normally, these characters indicate the beginning of another kind of Element. Thus, the only way to put the special characters as a normal text at the beginning of a Paragraph is by putting a "~" in front of them.
The first line of a Paragraph and a Paragraph in a Definition List are indented. But neiher a List nor a Quotation are indented.
Each Paragraph continues until the appearance of a new Block Element.
Paragraphs can be Child Elements of other Block Elements.
Paragraphs cannot contain other Block Elements as its Child Elements.
A ">" character indicates the beginning of Quotation. Quotation has 3 indentation levels, indicated by: ">", ">>", and ">>>".
A Quotation can contain other Block Elements as its Child Elements.
As with all Block elements, a Quotation continues until the next empty line.
A Paragraph in a Quotation continues until the beginning of another Quotation or Block Element.
When Quotation is a Child Element of another Quotation, you need to increase the inentation level by 1.
When Quotation is a Child Element of List, you don't need to increase the indentation level.
When Quotation contains List as its Child Element, you don't need to increase the level.
If you want to close a Quotation in a List, and keep the List Element opened, you have to start a Quotation Element with "<","<<","<<<" instead of ">",">>",">>>".
"<","<<",and "<<<" enable you to close Quotation in List without closing the List it belongs to.
At the beginning of a line,"-" indicates the beginning of an Unordered List. Unordered lists have three levels, namely:"-", "--", and "---".
Unordered List may be contained by anoother Block Elements.
Increase the level by one when it is contained by other List. If it is contained by a Quotation, you do not have to increase the indentation level.
Unordered List may contain a Paragraph by writing "~" right after "-".
Unordered List may contain another Block Element by writing it in the next line as long as the beginning of Child Element is Inline Element or Paragraph.
At the beginning of a line, "+" indicates the beginning of Numbered List. Numbered List has three levels namely:"+", "++", and "+++".
Numbered List may be contained by another Block Elemnt.
Numbered List may contain a Paragraph by writing "~" right after "+".
Numbered List may contain another Block Element by writing it in the next line as long as the beginning of Child Element is Inline Element or Paragraph.
Definition List is a line starting with ":" and seperated by "|" in the middle. There are three indentation levels for Definition List: ":", "::", and ":::".
You may omit the Item or the Definition. You may give mutiple definitions to an item by writing a sequence of Definition List and ommiting the Item after the first one.
Definition List must have "|" in the line.
Item and Item's Definition must be an Inline Element.
Definition List may be contained by another Block Element.
Increase the indentation level by one when it is contained by other List. If it is contained by a Quotation, you do not have to increase the indentation level.
Definition List may contain a Paragaph by writing "~" right after "|".
Definition List may contain other Block Elements by writing a Block Element in the line right after the Definition List.
"White Space" at the beginning of a line indicates the beginning of Preformatted Text. Line breaks are not automatically inserted in Prefomatted Text.
Preformatted Text can be the Child Element of other Block Elements.
Preformatted Text cannot contain other Block Elements as its Child Element.
Preformatted Text Elements will never be parsed by PukiWiki. Thus its contents are displayed "as is".
Inline Elements that are separated by "|", will be formatted as a Table. Remember that there needs to be a "|" character as well before the first Element of the table.
The following codes can be used in conjunction with a table. They are placed at the beginning of the Child Element, and yield three posible text alignments.
"c" at the end of the line indicates the line to be Formatting Row. The following code may be used in the Formatting Row.
By using these specific numbers, you can assign an exact width (in px units) to a cell.
"h" at the end of the line indicates the line to be the Header Row (thead).
"f" at the end of the line indicates the line to be the Footer Row (tfood).
Cell containing Inline Element starting with "~" indicates the Cell to be a Header Cell (th).
Cell containing only ">" will be concatenated with the Cell right next to it (colspan).
Cell containing only "~" will be concatenated with the Cell above it (rowspan).
Table may be contained by another Block Element.
As a general rule, a Table may not contain other Block Element.
Inline Elements that are separated by ","(comma), will be formatted as a Table. Note that you must write "," before the first Element of the CSV Style Table.
You may enclose Inline Elements with Double Quotation ("), which enables you to contain comma(,) in Inline Elements.
In the Inline Elements enclosed by Double Quotation ("), you may write two consecutive Double Quotations ("") to express Inline Element containing a Double Quotation (").
Two consecutive Equal Signs (==) in the place of Inline Element indicates colspan.
More than one white space on the left of Inline Element makes it right aligned; more than one white space on both right and left sides of Inline Element makes it center aligned.
CSV Style Table may be contained by another Block Element.
CSV Style Table may not contain other Block Elements.
A line that starts wit an "*" character becomes a Heading Element. There are three levels of heading Elements, namely: "*", "**",and "***".
Heading may not be contained by other Block Elements.
Heading closes other Block Elements.
Heading may not contain other Block Elements.
"#contents" at the beginning of the line creates Table of Contents based on the Headings. Generally, "#contents" are written on the top part of the page.
Table of Contents should not be contained by other Block Elements. Although Table of Contents may be contained by other Block Elements, left margin is set, assuming it is placed at the top-level.
Table of Contents may not contain other Block Elements.
Writing "LEFT:", "CENTER:", or "RIGHT:" at the beginning of the line aligns the Inline Element.
All three Elements may be contained by other Block Elements.
All three Elements may not contain other Block Elements.
Four "-" placed at the beginning of a line are shown as a Horizon Line.
Horizontal Line may not be contained by other Block Elements. Horizontal Line terminates other Block Elements.
Horizontal Line may not contain other Block Elements.
You can attach a file by writing #ref(file name) at the beginning of a line.
You can place a hypertext link by writing #ref(URL of the file) at the beginning of a line.
If the file attached or linked is an image, the image is displayed.
You can specify certain parameters by demarcating them with commas. When unspecified, the default values are used.
You can specify the page name of the attachment file. The name may be in WikiName or BracketName. When unspecified, the current page serves as the default.
The following parameters can be specified immediately after the page name.
It specifies where to place the link or the image within the page. Center is the default.
Specifies if the link or the image should be placed in a box. The default is to use no box.
Specifies if the text should wrap around the link or image. No wrapping by default.
If you want to stop the wrapping, you can use "#img(,clear)".
Nolink overrides and eliminates the default linking to the attached file.
You can display a Substitute Strings instead of a file name and images. When unspecified, the file name is used by default.
The Substitute Strings accept only String Inline Elements. WikiName, BracketName, and other things will be interpreted as a String.
This option must be stated as the last parameter when you use this option.
#ref may be contained by other Block Elements.
#ref may not accept other Block Element as a Child Element.
"#comment" at the beginning of the line embeds a form to post comments.
#comment should not be contained by other Block Elements. Although #comment may be contained by other Block Elements, left margin is set, assuing it is placed at the top-level.
#comment may not accept other Block Elments as Child Element.
"#pcomment" at the beginning of the line embeds a form to post comments. Unlike "#comment", posted comments are recorded on a seperate page. Also, responses to a comment is displayed as tree structure.
#pcomment should not be contained by other Block Elements. Although #pcomment may be contained by other Block Elements, left margin is set, assuing it is placed at the top-level.
#pcomment may not accept other Block Elements as Child Element.
"#article" at the beginning of the line embeds a simple forum.
#article should not be contained by other Block Elements. Although #article may be contained by other Block Elements, left margin is set, assuing it is placed at the top-level.
#article may not accept other Block Elements as Child Element.
"#vote" at the beginning of the line embeds a simple form for voting.
The options may contain string, WikiName, BracketName, InterWiki, and link. Other Inline Elements may not be included as an option.
#vote should not be contained by other Block Elements. Although #vote may be contained by other Block Elements, left margin is set, assuing it is placed at the top-level.
#vote may not accept other Block Elements as Child Element.
Inline Element must be contained by a Block Element.
If the parent Block Element is not explicitly specified at the beginning of the line, Inline Elements is silently contained by a Paragraph.
If the parent Block Element is explicitly specified at the beginning of the line, Inline Elements is contained by the Block Element.
Inline Element may accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
Inline Elements follow the &foobar; format (user-defined format).
Strings are an Inline Element.
Strings may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Strings may not accept other Inline Elemnts as a Child Element.
Writing "~" at the end of the line inserts End of Line a line break. End of Line is a line break within a Block Element.
End of Line voids any Block Element specified at the beginning of the next line, and turns it into a String.
End of Line may not be contained by other Inline Elements.
End of Line may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
End of Line may not be used within the Item of Definition List, Item of a Table, or in the parameter of Block Elements starting with "#".
Writing &br; breaks the line. Unlike "~" at the end of the line, Line Break may be used within the Item of Definition List, Item of a Table, or in the parameter of Block Elements starting with "#".
Line Break may not be contained by other Inline Elements.
Line Break may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
Enclosing Inline Element with '' puts emphasis on the element (Bold font).
Emphasis (Bold) may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Emphasis (Bold) may accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
Enclosing Inline Element with ''' puts emphasis on the element (Italics).
Emphasis (Italics) may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Emphasis (Italics) may accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
&size defines the size of characters. The size must be given in pixel unit(px).
Font Size may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Font Size may accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
&color defines the color of any Inline Element.
The color of characters are defined as any of following format.
Font Color can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Font Color can contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
Enclosed with %(semicolons), the Inline Element has a line through the middle of the text.
Deletion Line can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Deletion Line can contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
Enclosed with (( and ))(double parenthesis), the Inline Element becomes the footnote and the link to it is placed.
Footnote can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements. Mother element effects to the link, not to the footnote.
Footnote contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements. Child Element effects to the footnote.
You can attach a file by writing &(file name) at any place in paragraph. You can also place a hypertext link by writing #ref(URL of the file) . If the file attached or linked is an image, the image is displayed.
&ref may be contained by other Block Elements.
&ref may not contain other Block Elements as Child Elements.
&aname makes the anchor for Hyperlink. Place a certain place where you want to set the target of Hyperlink.
Anchor Name must be written by ascii characters(alphabets, numeric characters, hyphnation and underscore) and be started by alphabets.
Anchor Name may not contain 2-byte characters,space and symbols .
Anchor may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Anchor may not accept other Inline Elemnts as a Child Element.
&counter shows the number of access to the current page.
You can specify following parameter as option. When unspecified, the values all are used by default.
Show the number of access in Today.
Show the number of access in Yesterday.
Show the amount of access.
Counter may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Counter may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
&online shows the number of current accessors.
Online Viewer may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Online Viewer may not accept other Inline Elemnts as a Child Element.
&version shows the version of current running PukiWiki.
Version may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Version may not accept other Inline Elemnts as a Child Element.
WikiName stands for two or more Capitalized Words joined together without spaces, muti-byte characters, symbols, and numbers.
WikiName cannot contain multi-byte character, spaces, symbols, or numbers.
WikiName indicates a link to a page in Pukiwiki. If the page already exists, the link is automatically made. And if it doesn't exist, the WikiName will have a ? mark behind it, which will be linked to to a page where you can add new contents for that name.
WikiName can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
WikiName cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
A string enclosed with [[ and ]] makes a BracketName, which is another link style in Pukiwiki.
BracketName can contain multi-byte character, spaces, symbols, and numbers.
BracketName cannot contain "#&<> .
BracketName indicates a link to a page in Pukiwiki. If the page already exists, the link is automatically made. And if it doesn't exist, the BracketName will have a ? mark behind it, which will be linked to to a page where you can add new contents for that name.
BracketName can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
BracketName cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
By separating a BracketName with : , you can create an InterWiki block, which is another link style in Pukiwiki. The former part must contain an InterWikiName which is defined at InterWikiName which contains a list of defined InterWikiName. (What does this mean? It's not very clear.) The latter part must contain a WikiName or a BracketName without [[ and ]].
InterWikiName can contain muti-byte characters and spaces.
InterWiki can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
InterWiki cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
By separating a BracketName with : , you can create a Link block, which is yet another link style in Pukiwiki. The former part can contain a certain string which is used for the displayed name of a link. The latter part must contain a URL.
You can also make a direct link by using the styles listed above.
Link can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Link cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
By seperating a BracketName with > , you can creat an Alias, which is another link style in Pukiwiki. The former part can contain a certain string which is used for a name of a link. The latter part must contain a WikiName or a BracketName styled string without [[ and ]].
Alias enables you to make a link to a page in Pukiwiki with a different name.
Alias can contain muti-byte characters and spaces.
Alias can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Alias can contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
Entity is converted to a certain value when you submit a page.
Entity can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Entity cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
&page; is converted to the name of current editing page.
Page Name Entity is converted when the artile saved.
Page Name Entity can be a Child Element of other Inline Elements.
Page Name Entity cannot contain other Inline Elements as its Child Elements.
&date; is converted to the current date.
&time; is converted to the current time.
&now; is converted to the current date and time.
Date Entity is converted when the artile saved.
Date Entity may not be contained by other Inline Elements.
Date Entity may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
³ is recognized as a space : It is mainly used for adjusting sell width of table.
Special Characters are converted when display.
Special Characters may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Special Characters may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
If you insert a decimal number between &# and ; or a hexadecimal number between &# and ;, you can refer to Unicode entities. You may use this inline element to insert characters which you cannot directly type with your keyboard.
For example 、内田百閒 is recognized as 内田百閒.
Numeric Entity are converted when display.
Numeric Entity may be contained by other Inline Elements.
Numeric Entity may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
&t; is recognized as TAB Code.
Usually,TAB code can't be written from the keyborad typing in any FORM.*1 But, &t; is conveted to TAB Code when the page is stored.
TAB Code is converted when the page is sotored.
TAB Code may be contained by other Inline Elements.
TAB Code may not accept other Inline Elements as a Child Element.
The line began with // at the first column means the commnet line. It won't be displayed in the pursed page.
The comment line can be placed in every position per line regardless of other elements.
The comment line don't affect other elements of order at all.
*²When Quotation is a Child Element of another Quotation, you need to increase the inentation level by 1.
*³ Due to pukiwiki's default setting of left margin, this is not recommended.
Here is a section to explain the differences between WikiName, BracketName, InterWiki, Link, and Alias.
As you know by now, all of them are used in Pukiwiki to make a link to a page.
And the difference betweem them is whether or not you can use spaces, multibyte-characters, symbols, and numbers. Thus, a BracketName would be a better choice if you want to avoid the typical WikiName capitalized link style. Usually, all Capitalized strings will be shown as a link. However, you can disable WikiNames in pukiwiki.ini.php if you think they are annoying.
These styles are very similar, so they might be confusing. But each of them has its own purpose. If you understand the differences, they are all very useful.
First let's focus on their grammatical styles.
[a] is an InterWiki styled link. And [b] is a Link styled link.
Finaly, both of them will direct us the same page: http://pukiwiki.org/?Use PukiWiki .
Thus InterWiki combines two pieces of information. The first piece is a URL defined in InterWikiName, and the other is the information provided by the right side attribute.
InterWikiName is a kind of short cut. You can define any URL for an InterWikiName.
For example, when you create an link to external/internal wiki page, it is annoying to have to type the whole URL each time you want to use it. In this case, as an alternative, you can define an InterWikiName.
As you can see, [c] is a Alias styled link. You can use it to display a different link text for a link to a page in PukiWiki.
~This is the paragraph, which is the parent element that contains the emphasized.
This is the paragraph, which is the parent element that contains the emphasized.
This is the emphasized text that is the child element of the paragraph element.
*1 Pasting from Cripboard is available.


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Interesting times
by Dwight Cathcart | Feb 12, 2013 | Race Point Light | 0 comments
Race Point Light doesn't end when the narrator comes out. Like most LGBT persons, the narrator of Race Point Light still has at least half a lifetime to live after he moves into the gay community. He has things to do. He has to find a way to live. He has to support himself and has to choose a place to live where he can connect with a gay community and where he can continue to be in contact with his children. He has to find out which of the friends from the first half of his life will also do for the last half. What relatives does he still have? And he has to do all these things in a world where AIDS has taken hold, where the president of the United States, a pleasant, grandfatherly type, smiling, says it's "Morning in America," while LGBT persons, almost every one of them, would agree that our culture is fast approaching midnight. This is only partially a novel about the culture of the US. It moves through the forties to the first decade of the twentieth century, when gay men and women started marrying legally for the first time, but that's not where the focus is. We're reading about a man determined to think well of himself and at least one of his goals while a teenager and young adult is to find out how. As a young person, he is not ready to be a rebel—what his cultures, gay and straight, offer him is alternatively seductive and repellant—until he tries their offerings and finds them to be failures. He is ready to create a new life. He gets off the Interstate down from Maine Labor Day, 1984, and finds himself in the middle of AIDS.
"Coming out" is a theme that occupies the narrator all through his life. He asks questions. What is it? How do I do it? When? Where? I am out now, but I don't remember how I got here. He wonders, Is the question of Coming out too steeped in sixties radical politics to be applicable to anybody's life in 2004?
Race Point Light is a big novel, epic in scope, a narrative of a culture in crisis, and yet the focus is intensely on the narrator, who thinks about the intimate issues of his life and lays them out for the reader to see and feel and understand, and who moves toward a quiet resolution. He moves in no strict chronological order from Commercial Street in Provincetown in 2002 to the South Carolina beach when he is three or four years old to Race Point beach, when he is sixty-five, moving from idea to idea, wars, the deaths of presidents, impeachment and conviction, presidential indifference to his obligation to attend to the health of citizens, the scandal surrounding the discovery of the AIDS virus, feeling and understanding the impact of events in his culture. It is a giant novel about what the narrator comes to see is the most interesting—and powerfully important—sixty years for gay people in all of western history. Race Point Light is a fascinating, absorbing story, alternating between large scenes and intimate, small scenes like a single man crossing Arlington Street alone in Boston, late at night, in deep snow, considering the meaning of the Serenity Prayer. Race Point Light has the fascination of some kinds of gossip, where the person speaking is someone we trust and is willing to tell all she knows.
And yet, all she knows, since this is an autobiographical novel, not only suggests everything about a person we could know, it suggests a serious and comprehensive narrative about the whole culture of the United States during the last half of the twentieth century, its successes and its catastrophic failures. The narrator of Race Point Light says, in Provincetown in 2004, "We've lived in interesting times, for a gay man the most interesting times of all. It may be that there haven't been, since the beginning of the earth, a more interesting sixty years than 1940 to now for gay people."
You can read Race Point Light about this man and his interesting times by going to http://www.dwightcathcart.net. There you can buy an ebook copy of Race Point Light for your iPad, Nook or Kindle. We've moved on from print editions.


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The Forgotten Water – The Role of Decentralised Wastewater Management in Jakarta's Socio-Ecological System
By Prathiwi Widyatmi Putri|2019-04-02T11:49:29+02:00April 2nd 2019|Water & Sanitation, flood management, Indonesia, Jakarta, sanitation, urban infrastructure, waste-wise cities, water|
Jakarta has responded to regular flooding by proposing gigantic infrastructure projects such as sea walls to keep the water at bay. But the main problem is that the city does not consider the land-water ecosystem as a whole, says Prathiwi W. Putri.
A Place Like Too Many Others: Gender Inequality in Bawana, Delhi
By Prabha Khosla|2020-06-22T12:24:34+02:00March 8th 2019|Basic Infrastructure & Housing, Water & Sanitation, Youth & Gender, Asia, Delhi, gender equality, India, sanitation, urban infrastructure, women's rights|
In urban settlements around the world, city administrations struggle, and often fail, to provide essential services, safe spaces, and socio-economic securities to residents. While this poses difficulties and dangers to all inhabitants, the consequences of such neglect are especially severe for low-income women and girls.
"There are huge health risks in not dealing with solid waste" – An interview with Graham Alabaster from UN-Habitat (video)
By Graham Alabaster|2021-02-23T13:31:43+01:00April 6th 2018|Basic Infrastructure & Housing, Energy & Waste, Urban Health, basic services, sanitation, Sustainable Development Goals, waste management|
What are the linkages between solid waste management and urban health? And how can city governments improve waste management systems to reduce health risks? On the occasion of World Health Day, URBANET talked to Graham Alabaster, Chief of Sanitation and Waste Management at UN-Habitat.
Upscaling Sanitation for the Urban Poor in Kenya
By Jane Njagi|2021-02-23T13:32:09+01:00August 29th 2017|Basic Infrastructure & Housing, Urban Health, Water & Sanitation, Africa, basic services, Kenya, sanitation, water|
Providing access to urban sanitation is challenging because of space limitations, complex land tenure and higher public health concerns in crowded settlements. This is especially true for low-income urban areas. For URBANET, Jane Njagi describes how this challenge has been tackled in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya.
"We need to develop urban rights" – An interview with Claudio Orrego, mayor of Santiago de Chile
By Claudio Orrego|2021-11-03T17:12:12+01:00March 30th 2017|Governance & Finance, Urban & Metropolitan Governance, basic services, Chile, Latin America, sanitation, Santiago de Chile, urban poverty, urban rights|
Santiago de Chile is one of the most well-developed and safe cities in Latin America. We spoke to its mayor Claudio Orrego not only about what metropolitan governance means in Santiago, but also about the current situation in Chile, how urban justice can be enforced and why it is so important to invest in public goods for the urban poor.
"Local governments are better equipped" – An interview with John Bongat, mayor of Naga City
By John Bongat|2021-02-23T14:54:54+01:00January 3rd 2017|Climate Change & Resilience, Green & Smart Development, basic services, disaster risk reduction, flood management, Naga City, Philippines, sanitation, urban resilience|
John Bongat is the mayor of Naga City in the Philippines, one of the most disaster-prone cities in the world. URBANET talked to him about how he attempts to make Naga City more livable.
Spotlight on livable cities, Part III: Responding to the challenge of livability
By Shipra Narang Suri|2021-02-23T13:32:52+01:00November 29th 2016|Basic Infrastructure & Housing, Housing & Informality, Urban Health, basic services, Delhi, inclusive cities, inclusive urban planning, India, sanitation, slums, South-East Asia, urban poverty|
What do cities in India need to be more livable? In the four part series "Spotlight on livable cities", ISOCARP Vice-President Shipra Narang Suri aims to answer this question by approaching it from various angles, giving examples from different areas of urban planning. In this third part, she talks about how Indian cities could be made more livable by improving urban services, mobility, public-private partnerships and the situation in slums.