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Bij een tramlijn gaat het om een aantal (stads)trams die in een bepaalde tijdsafstand van elkaar (interval of frequentie) van de ene naar de andere bestemming rijdt. Dit gaat doorgaans over dezelfde route. Een samenstelling van een aantal tramlijnen noemt men een tramnet.

Voor aanduiding van lijnen werden aanvankelijk houten en emaille borden en glas gebruikt. Deze werden later vervangen door lijnfilms, matrixaanduidingen en led-aanduidingen. Lijninformatie op trams bestaat uit de bestemming van de passerende tramwagen en meestal het lijnnummer waaronder gereden wordt.

Eerste aanduidingen
 Daar waar in een stad vanaf ongeveer 1870 meer tramlijnen (van vaak meer dan één bedrijf) in díe stad werden aangelegd, ontstond vanzelf bij het publiek behoefte te kunnen uitmaken waar de passerende tram heen ging en welke haltes deze onderweg aandeed.

Trambedrijven begonnen, naast de trotse vermelding van de naam en het logo van hun bedrijf, ook de serienummers op hun wagens te schilderen. Later brachten ze er ook reclame op aan. De aanduiding voor een bestemming werd meestal met de hand op een langwerpig bord geschilderd. Daarvan werden er meerdere gemaakt, waarbij er per tram twee - één per kant - onder de raampartij of op het dak van de wagen werden aangebracht. Aan de voorzijde werd volstaan met een rechthoekig bord. De eindbestemming werd daarop geschilderd. De andere kopkant van de tram had ook zo'n bord (met de andere eindbestemming) zodat altijd de juiste bestemming kon worden getoond. Dit was mogelijk omdat de trams in die tijd niet keerden via een lus maar met een wissel het andere spoor bereikten of bij enkelspoor dezelfde baan terugnamen. Deze eerste aanduidingen waren meest onverlicht.

Naarmate steden groter werden, de tramnetten expandeerden en het stratenpatroon ingewikkelder werd, reden meerdere lijnen van verschillende beginpunten naar dezelfde bestemming, bijvoorbeeld naar de stadscentra of belangrijke spoorwegstations. Op die manier ontstond de behoefte aan meer onderscheid en deden extra aanduidingen hun intrede: nummers, letters, bepaalde gekleurde plaatjes (pictogram) of kleuraanduidingen (of combinaties ervan).

Het gebruik van kleuren en pictogrammen was vooral gericht op de grote hoeveelheid analfabeten in de steden rond 1900 die noch cijfers noch letters konden lezen. Deze kleursystemen werden snel ingewikkeld en zeer onderhoudsgevoelig, zodat zij in de jaren 1920 op veel plaatsen verdwenen waren. Een overblijfsel hiervan is nog in een aantal steden te vinden, zoals in Amsterdam en Antwerpen, waar tot de dag van vandaag - naast lijnnummers en bestemmingsaanduiding - lijnkleuren worden gebruikt. Dat kan gebeuren uit nostalgische overwegingen (de meeste mensen kunnen nu wel lezen), maar ook om de lijn vanaf grotere afstand kenbaar te maken. Ook bij de Tram van Kopenhagen werd tot aan de opheffing van het trambedrijf in 1972 met lijnkleuren gewerkt.

Nummers en letters

Het is bij het stads- en streekvervoer gebruikelijk dat de routes worden aangeduid met een lijnnummer (soms -letter) die duidelijk op de voertuigen vermeld wordt. Bij de spoorwegen bestaan zulke nummers ook (zie Treinserie) maar daar zijn ze alleen voor intern gebruik - de bestemming van een trein wordt voldoende gevonden.

Nummer- en letteraanduidingen werden eerst op dezelfde manier aangebracht: op houten borden. Op de voorkant van de trams werden - naast het omklapbare rechthoekige bord voor de bestemming -  vierkante borden aangebracht, waarop het nummer of de letter geschilderd was.
In latere stadia werden deze van glas gemaakt, zodat men ze in een houder kon plaatsen, met erachter een lamp, zodat in het donker in ieder geval het lijnnummer of de -letter leesbaar was.

Ook bestonden draaibare richtingtrommels: vierkante bij de stadstrams van Utrecht en zeskantige bij de stadstrams van de Blauwe Tram en de interlokale motorwagens van de Limburgsche Tramweg Maatschappij, waardoor er meer dan twee bestemmingen gekozen konden worden.

Ondanks expansie van de stad en het bedrijf ging niet ieder trambedrijf over op het gebruik van nummers of letters en evenmin op het gebruik van kleuren. Veel Amerikaanse steden, hoe groot ook, gingen nooit (consequent) over op de vermelding ervan. Administratief hadden de lijnen echter wel vaak nummers.

Voorbeelden van mogelijkheden
Chicago - een aanduiding van de belangrijkste straat waarover de tramlijn reed (bijvoorbeeld Roosevelt), geen nummers behalve in de latere series PCC-cars en sommige oude trams; wel voor elke lijn administratieve nummers;
Detroit - alleen aanduiding van de belangrijkste straat waarover de tramlijn reed (bijvoorbeeld Michigan), daarna een half ingevoerde poging tot lijnnummering en later alleen administratieve nummers;
Toronto - alleen bestemmingsaanduiding of alleen aanduiding van de belangrijkste straat waarover de tramlijn reed (bijvoorbeeld King), pas in de jaren 1980 lijnnummers (bijvoorbeeld 502);
Boston - bestemmingsaanduiding met nummers (maar niet alle lijnen), later vervielen alle nummers en bleven slechts administratief; in de jaren 1980 invoering van lijnletters (bijvoorbeeld D);
Albany/Troy - altijd alleen bestemmingsaanduiding;
San Francisco (SF Muni) - bestemmingsaanduiding en letter (B - GEARY);
Amsterdam - bestemmingsaanduiding, lijnnummer én kleurenaanduiding (tot op heden);
Den Haag - bestemmingsaanduiding, lijnnummer én kleurenaanduiding. De kleurenaanduiding verdween in de jaren 1920. Er bestond ook een tramlijn met alleen een letter (A). Tevens werden combinaties van cijfers en letters gebruikt: bijvoorbeeld 6K op een groene ondergrond.
Wenen - bestemmingsaanduiding, lijnnummer (31) of lijnletter (D) of combinatie van letter en nummer (E2) of nummer en letter (42A); combinatie van 2 letters (Ak) of twee lijnnummers (8/49);

Het meest wijdverbreid was echter de aanduiding van een lijnnummer en een bestemming. In Belgische steden zoals Brussel en Antwerpen was het tot voor kort de gewoonte beide eindpunten te vermelden, ongeacht het eindpunt waarheen de tram op weg was.

Promotiemateriaal
Al vanaf 1900 lieten vele bedrijven met steeds ingewikkeldere lijnennetten mooi geïllustreerde brochures drukken. Hierin kon worden geadverteerd en het openbaarvervoerbedrijf prees zijn toeristische rondritten er in aan. De brochures werden gratis bij allerlei verkooppunten en bijvoorbeeld ook op stations of in de schouwburg verspreid.

De traditie van het uitbrengen van een lijnennetkaart bestaat tot op heden. Niet overal is het meer gratis. De lijnennetkaarten zijn soms weergaven van de werkelijkheid - gebaseerd op een topografische kaart waarin dan de lijnen zijn ingetekend - of schematische weergaven van het net die tot ware kunstuitingen zijn uitgegroeid. De schematische kaarten die London Transport uitbrengt voor haar metronet is daarvan een beroemd voorbeeld.

Keuze voor nummers en letters
Waarom kozen openbaarvervoerbedrijven voor letters voor hun tramlijnaanduiding, andere voor nummers en weer andere voor combinaties daarvan?

Binnen vele bedrijven werd voor nummering gekozen omdat er dan meer dan 26 lijnen mogelijk zijn. Kleine bedrijven kozen nogal eens voor letters, sommige schakelden van letteraanduiding over op cijfers.

Lijnletters konden betrekking hebben op de bestemming. Zo reed in Düsseldorf de interlokale lijn D naar Duisburg, lijn K naar Krefeld en lijn V naar Vohwinkel.

Simpeler was de oplossing die de Haagse tram koos voor de buitenlijnen. Zij kregen geen lijnnummers. De lijnfilm gaf alleen de bestemming aan. Officieel hadden deze lijnen I-nummers, waarbij de "I" stond voor "Interlokaal". Aldus reed lijn I¹ naar Delft, lijn I² naar Leiden en lijn I³ naar Voorburg. Dit stond op de haltes en lijnennetkaarten aangegeven, maar niet op de trams. Ook andere interlokale tramlijnen in Nederland voerden geen lijnnummers.

In de keuzes van lijnnummers voor tramlijnen zit meestal geen enkele logica. Doorgaans kregen de allereerste lijnen de lijnnummers 1 en 2 en vaak groeiden deze uit tot belangrijke lijnen. Als er wel logica bestond, ging deze door latere wijzigingen in de lijnenloop meestal weer verloren. Sommige trambedrijven streven naar aaneensluitende nummerreeksen en gaan daarom over tot het veranderen van historisch gegroeide lijnnummers waaraan de reizigers al tientallen jaren gewend zijn. Zo kregen in 1968 de Rotterdamse tramlijnen 10 en 14 de nieuwe nummers 6 resp. 4, zonder dat er iets essentieels aan de route veranderde. De huidige lijn 8 is feitelijk nog steeds de oorspronkelijke lijn 10 later lijn 6. Amsterdam heeft er bij het heropenen van verdwenen routes naar gestreefd de oude lijnnummers opnieuw te gebruiken. Dit was het geval bij lijn 12, lijn 14 en de inmiddels weer verdwenen lijn 6, die alle gedeeltelijk de route terugkregen van hun verre voorgangers met hetzelfde lijnnummer. Bij de in 1978 opnieuw in dienst gestelde lijn 5, in 1993 bij lijn 11 en in 2020 bij lijn 25 is er geen enkele logica. Dit was ook het geval bij Circletram 20 die van 1997-2002 reed en voor beide richtingen een aanduiding had, 20A en 20B.

Het is goed mogelijk dat verschillende vervoersbedrijven dezelfde lijnnummers gebruiken, maar alleen als ze niet in contact met elkaar komen. Zijn er in een stad twee vervoersbedrijven - een voor stads- en een voor streekvervoer - dan zorgt men ervoor dat de lijnnummers niet overeenkomen. In het Ruhrgebied zijn in 1980 de lijnnummers per stad of per aantal steden ingedeeld zoals Krefeld met de lijnen 041-044 tot Duisburg met de lijnen 901 en 903. De andere steden hebben nummers in de 100 tot 800 serie. Dit gold ook in de regio Keulen en Bonn waarbij de lijnen uit Bonn lijnnummers in de 60 kregen waarbij de lijnen uit Keulen de lage nummers behielden.

In Toronto hebben de lijnen nummers in de 500. Verder komen nummers boven de 100 voor in onder meer Melbourne (lijn 109) en vroeger in Brussel (lijn 101,102 en 103) en in Rome. (de huidige lijn 2 had oorspronkelijk het lijnnummer 225)

Een ander fenomeen is het plaatsen van een rode of witte streep door het tramlijnnummer. Deze aanduiding kon in veel steden worden aangetroffen en duidt op het feit dat het bijvoorbeeld wel lijn 1 betreft maar dat deze niet de hele route van lijn 1 rijdt. Voor op de tram was dan merendeels een extra bordje in een houder aangebracht met de aanduiding SHORT TURN (in de Verenigde Staten) of 'Kurzstrecke' (in Duitsland). Het streepje wordt zo nu en dan nog gebruikt. In Vlaamse steden sprak men dan bijvoorbeeld van "lijn doorstreepte zeven".

Uitzonderingen
Vanzelfsprekend zijn er op deze keuzes uitzonderingen. Twee voorbeelden:
In Pittsburgh werd na het ontstaan van één bedrijf in de hele stad gekozen voor een systeem waarbij tramlijnen oplopend tegen de klok in werden genummerd. De lijnen 1 - 5 reden naar het noordwesten van de stad; 6 - 13 naar het westen; lijnen in de 20 en 30 naar het zuidwesten; lijnen in de 40 en 50 naar het zuiden enz.
In Wenen is jarenlang een zeer doordacht systeem in gebruik geweest. Dit ontstond rond 1906 toen het zeer grote trambedrijf de pictogrammen die men gebruikte - in Wenen 'Hyrogliephen' genoemd - afschafte.
Er werden 3 soorten lijnen onderscheiden, zogenaamde 'Radiallinien', Tangentiallinien' en 'Durchgangslinien'.
De radiale lijnen werden consequent 21 tot en met 83 genummerd;. De tangentiële lijnen kregen de nummers 2 tot en met 10 (later werd dat - door de ingebruikname van meer van deze lijnen - tot en met 20). Alle doorgaande lijnen kregen letters.
In Wenen is dit systeem nog wel in gebruik, maar niet meer intact, en wordt het niet meer consequent toegepast.

Curieus
Een curieus voorbeeld is de ingebruikname van de letter 'A' voor een nieuwe tramlijn in Den Haag. Deze tramlijn ontstond nadat de lijnnummers 1 tot en met 12 in gebruik waren genomen en deze 'A' had dus lijn 13 moeten worden.

Omdat de hoogst genummerde tramlijn alle andere lager genummerde tramlijnen bij kruisingen voorrang moest geven, zou lijn 13 wel heel traag worden en dit werd niet geaccepteerd door het publiek dat van de lijn gebruik ging maken. Deze nieuwe lijn voerde namelijk door een aantal chique wijken (zoals het Statenkwartier). De bewoners waren niet gediend van vertragingen door tramlijnen uit de arbeiderswijken (zoals lijn 6). De HTM was gevoelig voor deze kritiek en doopte de nieuwe lijn 'A' zodat deze voorrang had op alle andere tramlijnen en het eerdere voorrangssysteem kon blijven bestaan.

Waarom gaf de HTM dan deze tramlijn niet het nummer 1? Dat komt doordat op dat moment lijn 1 ook een chique tramlijn was - zij bediende Archipelbuurt en Denneweg - en het was dus geen oplossing die het nummer 13 te geven. Toen overigens een aantal jaren later het traject van deze lijn 1 werd opgeheven, werd lijn 'A' alsnog hernummerd naar 1 en heeft als zodanig nog 30 jaar gereden.

Nog curieuzer was de Arnhemse tramlijn TOL. Dit was de benaming voor de Tramlijn Oosterbeek Laag, die van 1937 tot 1944 door het gemeentelijke bedrijf GETA werd geëxploiteerd. De stadstrams in Arnhem (behalve de nieuwste, die lijnfilms hadden) voerden het lijnnummer op een rond wit schild, maar bij deze lijn stond hier de aanduiding TOL.

Tramlijnen werden vaak gewijzigd
De expansie van steden, vergroting van tramnetten en herschikking van lijnen veroorzaakte vele wijzigingen waardoor een kostbaar en arbeidsintensief bedrijfsonderdeel ontstond: de bordenmakerij. Trambedrijven werden genoodzaakt grote voorraden houten aanwijsborden en lijnnummerglaasjes in voorraad te houden en voortdurend nieuwe borden te schilderen als er wijzigingen waren. Soms, bij eindpunten van meer tramlijnen, ging de tram van (bijvoorbeeld) lijn 1 verder als lijn 2 (omdat dit rationeler was voor de bedrijfsuitvoering). Dan moesten ter plekke het lijnnummer en het aanduidingsbord worden verwisseld. Bij deze eindpunten werden ook kleine voorraden gehouden en was personeel aanwezig om de borden te wisselen. Deze kostbare gang van zaken leidde indirect tot de ontwikkeling van de lijnfilm.

Lijnaanduiding

Lijnfilms

Een lijnfilm was meestal een witte canvas rol die lichtdoorlatend was. Door er eerst een zwarte ondergrond op te verven maar ruimte te laten voor witte letters en cijfers konden alle bestemmingen, lijnen en nummers op één rol worden gedrukt. Die ene rol kon, na reproductie, in een metalen kast op alle trams worden aangebracht. De kast had aan de bovenkant en de onderkant een lat waarin de rol was gefixeerd. Tussen de twee latten (of later metalen staafjes) was ruimte gelaten zodat de juiste informatie kon worden getoond. Precies op die plek was, merendeels in het beginstadium door middel van twee gloeilampjes, verlichting aangebracht. De kast was aan de voorkant van glas voorzien.

Vele bedrijven hadden voor de lijnnummers of -letters aparte kastjes omdat lijnen in de loop der tijd (frequent) konden veranderen.
Zo was de lijnfilmkast geboren. De lijnfilm kan door de trambestuurder bij het eindpunt met een slinger worden doorgespoeld naar de juiste retourbestemming.

Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd het canvas massaal door glimmende plastics vervangen die goedkoper konden worden herdrukt en vernieuwd. Door de opmars van elektronische systemen werd het ook mogelijk dat de lijnfilm automatisch doorspoelde.

Matrixaanduidingen
Een matrixaanduiding op trams bestaat uit een hoeveelheid in hoogte en lengte geplaatst aantal punten, die aan de ene kant bijvoorbeeld geel of wit zijn en aan de andere kant zwart. Deze punten kunnen door elektronica worden gestuurd, zodat binnen de hoeveelheid punten tekst kan worden uitgebeeld.

De matrixaanduiding vervangt op de nieuwere trams en bussen de lijnfilms. Tramhobbyisten betreuren deze ontwikkeling, maar het is in feite een rationalisatiemaatregel.
Een beweegreden: toen in Den Haag de nieuwe trams van de serie GTL in de jaren 1980 werden aangeschaft, waren op de lijnfilms bestemmingen aangebracht die nooit werden gebruikt (Steenvoorde, Waldeck). Daarentegen ontbraken bestemmingen die enige jaren later in gebruik werden genomen (Delft Tanthof), waardoor kostbare aanpassingen nodig waren.

Wat jaren later werd in Den Haag besloten dat er tramlijnen in dienst zouden komen die kortere trajecten reden dan de gebruikelijke lijn. Deze moesten voor het publiek te onderscheiden zijn. Eerst werd gekozen voor de toevoeging van een 5 voor het lijnnummer; lijnfilms met daarop 53, 56 en 59 werden aangeschaft. Een paar jaar later werd dit systeem verlaten en werd gekozen voor een toevoeging van de letter 'K' achter het lijnnummer met een witte letter op een groene achtergrond. Gevolg was wederom vervanging van alle lijnnummerfilms.Ten tijde van de aanschaf van de tweede serie GTL's werd besloten dat deze blauw met wit zouden zijn en daar een blauw met witte lijnfilm wel goed bij zou passen. De 100 eerdere trams hadden een zwart met witte lijnfilm. Gevolg: twee systemen.

Het zal duidelijk zijn dat een matrixaanduiding op die manier rationeler is. De matrixaanduiding wordt wel als minder goed leesbaar beoordeeld. Op de nieuwste Amsterdamse Combino-trams is naast de matrixaanduiding nog een plastic rol aangebracht waarop de traditionele lijnkleuren worden getoond, als een nostalgisch gebaar. Matrixaanduidingen zijn soms kennelijk in de war. Dan ontstaan vreemde aanduidingen.

Led-aanduidingen
Een led-aanduiding op trams bestaat uit een hoeveelheid in hoogte en lengte geplaatste zeer kleine puntjes, die verlicht kunnen worden óf niet. Deze punten kunnen door elektronica worden gestuurd, zodat binnen de hoeveelheid punten tekst kan worden uitgebeeld. Ze zijn beter zichtbaar dan matrixaanduidingen en zullen deze waarschijnlijk binnen bepaalde tijd vervangen.

Secties, zones en chip
Tramlijnen werden door vele bedrijven voor de tariefberekening in een aantal secties geknipt. Zo betaalde men voor een langere rit, bijvoorbeeld meer dan 10 haltes, meer dan voor een rit met minder dan 10 haltes.
Ten eerste kon men besluiten helemaal niet over te stappen (het zogenaamde 'enkeltje') of later op precies dezelfde wijze terug te reizen (een 'retour').

Vanaf het prille begin van het tramtijdperk reisde een conducteur mee. Een van diens taken was tijdens de rit kaartjes verkopen. Men betaalde voor de rit als de conducteur langsliep, men noemde zijn eigen bestemming en waar men was opgestapt en betaalde. In de vroegere tijd was dit al fraudegevoelig. Zichzelf begunstigen door een andere uit- of instaphalte te noemen beïnvloedde de prijs. Natuurlijk was de ervaren conducteur erop getraind te onthouden wie waar was ingestapt.

Sommige steden schakelden al vroeg over op een systeem van muntjes, zogenaamde 'tokens'. De muntjes hadden een vaste prijs en kocht men - zoals nu de strippenkaart - op vele verkooppunten in setjes van 5 of 10. Het simpelste systeem was 1 muntje voor een rit ongeacht de lengte van die rit. Deze muntjes waren in de Verenigde Staten populair. Door simpel een metalen doos naast de trambestuurder te plaatsen en een eenheidstarief te vragen, kon de conducteur worden afgeschaft. De fraudegevoeligheid zat in de mogelijkheid om knopen of een stukje nikkel in de doos te gooien. De trambestuurders hadden meestal goed geoefende oren.

Stapte men van de ene tramlijn over op de andere (het overstappen) dan golden andere regels. Vele bedrijven hanteerden voor overstappen een gereduceerd tarief en de conducteur verkocht deze combinatiekaartjes. Wel moest het bedrijf dan daarbij een systeem uitvinden dat het onmogelijk maakte een tweede keer over te stappen - want dat was niet in de prijs begrepen - en dat werd opgelost door kaartjes te maken waar de lijn en de opstaptijd van de eerste en de tweede lijn in geknipt konden worden. Bij grotere trambedrijven kon dit behoorlijk ingewikkelde kaartjes opleveren. Een oplossing hiervoor was logischerwijs geen tramlijnen bij tramlijnen op één kaartje te zetten waarbij men in ieder geval niet op elkaar kón overstappen.

Het indelen van tramlijnen in secties zette zich voort als het indelen van de lijnnetten in zones. In Nederland gold bijvoorbeeld in Den Haag, in de jaren 1970, een simpel tarief. Dat moest ook wel, gezien het feit dat de conducteur bij de intrede van de PCC-car op alle tramlijnen was afgeschaft.Er waren 'enkele reizen' en 'overstapjes' en aparte kaarten voor het ritje naar Delft, een paar abonnementen, een kindertarief en een 65+-tarief (de zogenaamde 'hondenkaart' omdat ze ook voor honden die men niet op schoot kon nemen moest worden gebruikt) en dat was alles. Eén halte meereizen of een hele tramlijn uitzitten was dus even duur.

Strippenkaart

De openbaarvervoerbedrijven waren tot de jaren 1980 vrij in de tariefstelling en uitvoering van enkeltjes en overstapjes. De overheid wilde een gelijkheid wat betreft de tarieven en vond het sectietarief opnieuw uit, in de vorm van zones en de strippenkaart. Heel Nederland werd onderverdeeld in genummerde zones en naargelang men meer zones doorkruiste, moest men meer 'strippen' afstempelen en werd de rit duurder. Overstappen is binnen bepaalde, vastgestelde tijden toegestaan. De hondenkaart bleef bestaan; deze is roze in plaats van blauw.

De minister van Verkeer en Waterstaat stelde de zonering vast waartegen de bedrijven weer protesteerden. Zo werd in Den Haag een rit naar Scheveningen ineens 75% duurder, doordat men daarbij vanaf het centrum voorbij Madurodam in een andere zone kwam. De toenmalige indeling bestaat nog steeds. Het fraudegevoelige van de strippenkaart in de tramlijnen (ook door het jarenlang ontbreken van een conducteur op de tram) lag - naast helemaal niets afstempelen (zwartrijden) - in het minder stempelen dan de werkelijke hoeveelheid zones (grijsrijden). Dit is vooral lucratief als men één of twee haltes voor een zonegrens instapt of één of twee na een zonegrens uitstapt.

De toenemende onveiligheid en het gegeven dat uit onderzoek bleek dat 40% van de mensen in Amsterdam zwartreed - waarvan 15% beweerde dat het openbaar vervoer gratis was - leidde naast een politieke rel tot de herintrede van de conducteur op de tramlijnen in Amsterdam en Rotterdam.

Inmiddels is Nederland overgegaan op de OV-chipkaart waarbij men per gereden afstand betaalt.

Bronnen
Korte geschiedenis van 50 Haagse tramlijnen: - van 1 tot 37, R.F. de Bock, Uitgeverij Wyt - Rotterdam, 1970, ISBN 90-6007-532-3
Allemaal voorzien? - de Haagse tram in woord en beeld, Ron F. de Bock, Uitgeverij Wyt - Rotterdam, 1979, ISBN 90-6007-588-9
Haagse trams - het Haagse trammaterieel van 1864 tot heden, Johan Blok, Uitgeverij Elmar B.V. - Rijswijk, MXMIII = 1993, ISBN 90-389-00627
130 jaar tram in Den Haag - Materieeloverzicht, Drs. A.E.E. van Donselaar / Mr. R.G. Klomp, Stichting AOM - Amsterdam, 1994, ISBN 90-802514-1-0
Diverse interne communicaties binnen de bedrijven HTM en GVBA, z.j.
ONZE TRAM in Amsterdam: - een kind van grote zorg, B. Korthals Altes, Uitgeverij Canaletto/Repro - Alphen aan den Rijn, 1999, ISBN 90-6469-744-2

Openbaar vervoer
Tram

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
ADL: Kerry's "Apartheid" Reference to Israel…
ADL: Kerry's "Apartheid" Reference to Israel "Undiplomatic, Unwise and Unfair"
Washington, DC, April 28, 2014 … The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) today said it was "startled and disappointed" by reports that Secretary of State John Kerry used the highly inappropriate and offensive term "apartheid" to warn what might become of Israel should an agreement not be reached with the Palestinians.
Mr. Kerry reportedly said that Israel will become "an apartheid state" in a closed door meeting of the Trilateral Commission with European and Asian leaders on Friday.
Abraham H. Foxman, ADL National Director, issued the following statement:
It is startling and deeply disappointing that a diplomat so knowledgeable and experienced about democratic Israel chose to use such an inaccurate and incendiary term.
We appreciate Mr. Kerry's deep concern for Israel and his desires to ensure that it have a future of peace and security. Even if he used the repugnant language of Israel's adversaries and accusers to express concern for Israel's future, it was undiplomatic, unwise and unfair. Such references are not seen as expressions of friendship and support.
April 29, 2014: ADL Welcomes Secretary Kerry's Rejection of Israel "Apartheid" Comment
ADL is the world's leading anti-hate organization. Founded in 1913 in response to an escalating climate of anti-Semitism and bigotry, its timeless mission is to protect the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment for all. Today, ADL continues to fight all forms of hate with the same vigor and passion. A global leader in exposing extremism, delivering anti-bias education, and fighting hate online, ADL is the first call when acts of anti-Semitism occur. ADL's ultimate goal is a world in which no group or individual suffers from bias, discrimination or hate.
Media Contact: E-Mail Us
What is the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act Really All About?
ADL takes a closer look at this important piece of legislation recently introduced in the House and Senate.
ADL Announces Support for IFA's Lawsuit Against Neo-Nazis, White Supremacists, and Hate Groups Responsible for Charlottesville Violence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Great selection of cheap hostels in Senegal. Search using our map of Senegal and find the best hostel deals. Whether you are an expert or a first timer backpacking in Senegal, read reviews of Senegal hostels and book now!


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Legal, Politics
Everything You Need to Know About the DNI, the IG, and the Whistleblower Report
by Philip Rotner
(Photo by Mark Wilson/Getty Images)
The Trump administration is assaulting the rule of law. Again. And don't count on any of the three branches of our government to repel it.
This time, the Trump administration's Director of National Intelligence (DNI), relying on advice from Trump's attorney general, is refusing to comply with a law that requires him to transmit a whistleblower report to Congress.
And it looks like there's nothing that can be done under the law to right this wrong, other than possibly prevailing in court challenges that could take months, or even years, to reach a final resolution. And even that is not certain.
But all is not lost. If our three official branches of government can't solve this problem, maybe the unofficial fourth branch—our free press—can.
First, some background.
The Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act (ICWPA) provides a process for an employee of the intelligence community—a whistleblower—to report to Congress a complaint or information with respect to "an urgent concern." The act defines "urgent concern" broadly to include violations of law or Executive orders, false statements to Congress regarding intelligence activities, and threats of reprisal against prospective whistleblowers.
The act says that rather than going directly to Congress, the whistleblower should first report a complaint to the inspector general of the Intelligence community. The inspector general then determines whether the report is both credible and of urgent concern. If so, the IG then reports the claim to the DNI.
The decision as to whether any given report is credible and of urgent concern belongs exclusively to the IG, not to the DNI, who is a political appointee of the president. Nothing in the act gives the DNI discretion to second guess, appeal, or otherwise reverse the decision of the IG.
Upon receipt of the report from the IG, the DNI "shall within 7 calendar days of such receipt, forward such transmittal to the congressional intelligence committees" of Congress. "Shall" means shall. It does not mean "may" or "if the DNI agrees with the inspector general."
In the current case, an unnamed employee of the intelligence community submitted a whistleblower disclosure to the inspector general, Michael Atkinson, on August 12.
Atkinson determined that the report was both credible and involved a matter of urgent concern. Accordingly, as required by the act, he transmitted it to the acting DNI Joseph Maguire on August 26, just prior to the expiration of the 14-day reporting period.
Up to this point, everything had played out exactly as required by the Whistleblower Act.
But then it went off the rails.
Rather than transmitting the IG report to the congressional intelligence committees, as required by the act, DNI Maguire blew through the mandatory 7-day reporting period without so much as a peep. He not only failed to tell Congress what the whistleblower had reported, but he failed even to inform Congress of the existence of such a report until September 9, a week after the expiration of the 7-day reporting period.
The DNI now claims that he has refused to transmit the whistleblower report to Congress because it concerns "conduct by someone outside the Intelligence Community and because the complaint involves confidential and potentially privileged communications."
But the DNI doesn't say who made this determination. Did he reach that decision on his own, even though the statute gives the responsibility for making that decision to the IG, not the DNI? Or is he refusing to comply with the statute because the attorney general has advised him to do so? (If you go by the letter of the law, the attorney general has no role in this statutory scheme.) Or is there another party who is involved in making this extra-statutory decision?
If you go by the letter of the law, the only possible legal justification for the DNI's failure to comply with the act, would be that the president himself had ordered his action. Remember: Neither the DNI nor the attorney general has any discretion under the act, which says that the DNI "shall" transmit the report to Congress. No exceptions. No discretion. And the Attorney General has no statutory role at all.
As it happens, the president does not have any discretion under the text of the act, either. But there's a longstanding argument that a president has such a degree of constitutional authority over the executive branch that he can overrule decisions made by anybody within that branch.
This argument is not a matter of settled law so much as a theory about the extent of executive power. It has never been either fully accepted, or refuted, by the courts.
So if it was indeed President Trump who ordered the DNI to violate the act by not giving Congress the IG report, then a resolution of this conflict will eventually boil down to yet another clash over separation of powers between the president and Congress. And while the courts could theoretically resolve that dispute, getting a decision out of the Supreme Court could take months. Or years. And as if this whole mess weren't already complicated enough, there is a highly ambiguous provision in the act that could be read (or misread, depending on your view) to immunize the whole affair from judicial scrutiny.
Fortunately, the Whistleblower Protection Act provides a way out that wouldn't require years of litigation. The Act says that if the DNI doesn't transmit the report to Congress, the whistleblower can go directly to the congressional intelligence committees.
But there's a catch. Before going to Congress, the whistleblower must obtain and follow the directions of the DNI on how to contact the congressional committees "in accordance with appropriate security practices."
Because the directions of the DNI relate to "how" to contact Congress, not "whether" to do so, this should be a routine step involving nothing more than setting out a secure process of communication.
But does anybody doubt that the only advice this whistleblower will receive from anywhere within the Trump administration will be to keep quiet?
The inspector general has informed Congress in writing that he is at an "impasse" with the DNI because "the Acting DNI has no present intention of providing direction" on how the whistleblower can contact the intelligence committees directly.
So unless the acting DNI reverses himself, the whistleblower is in an untenable position. If he or she discloses the information directly to Congress without having first received the directions required by the act, the whistleblower risks not only the loss of employment and reputation, but the likelihood of criminal prosecution by Barr's Department of Justice.
For now, Trump appears to have the upper hand.
If this were a Hitchcock movie, the whistleblower's report would be the MacGuffin, the thing that everybody wants. We don't know what's in it, but we know that it's important enough to cause the whistleblower to report it, the IG to deem it urgent, and Trump to bury it. Everyone is deeply concerned about this briefcase that, for all we know, could contain either a bomb or a sheaf of blank paper.
Press reports based on unnamed sources suggest that it has to do with conversations between Trump and another world leader. But we don't know.
And therein lies the problem: Trump has it and Congress wants it.
But Congress has no police, no military, and no jails to force Trump to hand it over. Only the courts can do that, but it is not yet established whether judicial review is allowed under the act, and even if it is, the judicial process would move too slowly to resolve the matter while it remains a live issue.
Which brings us to the unofficial fourth branch of government, the free press.
The Trump administration may continue the stonewall, and Congress may be unable to do anything about it, but the press isn't going to let this go lightly.
The best journalists on earth will continue to dig and probe until they find somebody willing to defy the Trump administration and reveal the truth.
And yes, it's come to that.
A rogue president has figured out that he can do almost anything he wants because there's nothing Congress can do about it.
Short of impeachment.
Philip Rotner
Philip Rotner is a columnist whose articles appear in national publications and on his website, philiprotner.com. Philip is an attorney who has practiced for over 40 years, both in private practice and as the general counsel of a global professional services firm. Philip's views are his own, and do not reflect the views of any organization with which he has been associated.
More in Legal
Bill Barr's Grand Presidency
Greg Weiner
Trump's Doral Scandal: An Impeachable Offense


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Literary Friction
Literary Friction - The Joy of Words with Eley Williams
Play • 1 hr 2 mins
Why is there so much delight in discovering a juicy new word? Do you ever read the dictionary for fun? Is it annoying when people use obscure words too often? This month's show is dedicated to the building blocks of all books: words. Joining us is the author Eley Williams, whose first novel The Liar's Dictionary is both about words and delights in them. In the novel, Peter Winceworth, a disgruntled employee of Swansby's New Encyclopedic Dictionary at the turn of the century, begins inserting his own invented words into the first edition. In the present day, intern Mallory is tasked with rooting out his mischievous insertions. We spoke to Eley about lots of things including our favourite words and reading the dictionary like a novel, so kick back and join us for an hour of lexical wonder and appreciation.
Recommendations on the theme, The Joy of Words:
Octavia: A Lover's Discourse: Fragments by Roland Barthes
https://monoskop.org/images/f/f7/Roland_Barthes_Roland_a_lover_s_discourse_1978.pdf
Carrie: A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess
https://www.anthonyburgess.org/a-clockwork-orange/
Octavia: Blueberries by Ellena Savage
https://scribepublications.co.uk/books-authors/books/blueberries
Eley: and what if we are all allowed to disappear by Tania Hershman
https://www.guillemotpress.co.uk/poetry/tania-hershman
Carrie: The Fifth Season by N K Jemisin
https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/n-k-jemisin/the-fifth-season/9780316229296/
Email us: litfriction@gmail.com
Tweet us & find us on Instagram: @litfriction
Backlisted
Locklisted: Children's Books Special, Part One
This Locklisted special on children's books was recorded in August 2020 and was previously available exclusively to supporters of our Patreon at patreon.com/backlisted. Join us on a journey through time and space as John, Andy and Nicky discuss the books they loved as children (so actually no pubs were involved or even mentioned on this occasion). The discussion covers the importance of libraries, the Proustian aroma of parquet flooring, the challenges of the display spinner, the significance of the Puffin Club, the utility of book tokens and the joys of early audio books. The books mentioned make for an eclectic mix and include Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kästner, The Eighteenth Emergency by Betsy Byars, the Hitchhikers series by Douglas Adams, I-Spy books, the epic sweep of Sweet Valley High, Great Northern by Arthur Ransome, The House at Pooh Corner by A.A. Milne, the audiobook of The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett (as read by Glenda Jackson), the audiobook of Ballet Shoes by Noel Streatfeild, The Dark is Rising by Susan Cooper, comics such as Mandy and Look-in, the sublime Peanuts collections by Charles M. Schulz and last but definitely not least, Doctor Who and the Cave Monsters by Malcolm Hulke. We so enjoyed making this episode that we recorded a sequel on our favourite teenage reading, which will be shared here soon. Backlisted is entirely funded by the contributions of our Patreons - many thanks to them! If you would like to hear all past episodes of Locklisted and support Backlisted in the process, please sign up as a Locklistener or Master Storyteller at patreon.com/backlisted.
The Book Club Review
85: 2020 Books of the Year Review
It's our biggest recommendations show yet, with over 50 books loved by us, our book clubs, and our three special guests. But what were our most loved reads of 2020? Listen in for our top threes and our absolute favourites. There were some obvious contenders such as Maggie O'Farrell's Hamlet and Douglas Stuart's Shuggie Bain, but we've tried to steer clear of the main current to pick out some slightly more eclectic choices that we think will delight you as much as us. We also hear from three special guests, Seb Emina, editor of Penguin's Happy Reader magazine, Simon Thomas of the Tea or Books podcast, and Claire Handscombe of the Brit Lit podcast. They let us know their favourite reads of 2020, and books they're looking forward to in 2021. And last but by no means least we hear from our book clubs, who told us the books that stood out for them in 2020. And so start off your New Year's reading resolutions in style, with a stack of books that have been tried and tested, so we know they will be good. Check our website thebookclubreview.co.uk for full show notes including a booklist for this episode and links to buy on Bookshop.org. If you'd like to see what we're up to between episodes follow us on Instagram or Facebook @BookClubReview podcast, on Twitter @bookclubrvwpod or email thebookclubreview@gmail.com. And if you're not already, why not subscribe to us on iTunes or wherever you get your podcasts. If you like what we do please do take a moment to rate and review the show, and help other listeners find us.
The Paris Review and Stitcher
18. A Tree Grows Live in Brooklyn (A Live Recording at On Air Fest 2020)
A special bonus episode, recorded live at On Air Fest on March 8, 2020 (just before social distancing sent everyone home), featuring a crowded room of lovely human beings enjoying an immersive live performance of The Paris Review Podcast. The show opens with excerpts of Toni Morrison's 1993 Art of Fiction Interview, scored live by some of the musicians that created the score for Seasons 1 and 2. Then Vijay Seshadri reads his poem "Ailanthus"; Quincy Tyler Bernstine reads "A Story for Your Daughters, A Story for Your Sons" by Rebecca Makkai; finally, Emily Wells provides live scoring for Bill Callahan's rendition of Adrienne Rich's poem "The Tree." "The Tree" excerpted from Collected Poems: 1950-2012 © 2016 by the Adrienne Rich Literary Trust. Used with permission of the publisher, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved. // The musicians providing the live scoring are Curtis Brewer on guitar, Sam Ospovat on drums, and Mike Brown on bass. // Our theme song is composed by David Cieri. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Slightly Foxed
Slightly Foxed: The Real Reader's Quarterly
27: Dr Wiener's Library
Anthony Wells worked at The Wiener Holocaust Library in London for a decade. In this episode he leads the Slightly Foxed editors into the history of the library, which holds one of the most extensive archives on the Holocaust and the Nazi era. We travel to Germany, Amsterdam, New York and Tel Aviv, but it is people rather than places that the library remembers with its annals of personal stories. Dr Alfred Wiener, a German Jew who fought in the First World War, was one of the first to note the rise of the Nazi Party, and he began to assemble an archive of information in order to undermine their activities. From downfall by documentation in the Nuremberg Trial to a tracing service made up of millions of records, we learn how The Wiener Library ensures that those who disappeared are not forgotten. With thanks to The Wiener Library for the image used for this episode's cover artwork: Member of staff, Mrs Walter at The Wiener Library in 1952 Please find links to books, articles, and further reading listed below. The digits in brackets following each listing refer to the minute and second they are mentioned. (Episode duration: 37 minutes; 6 seconds) Books Mentioned We may be able to get hold of second-hand copies of the out-of-print titles listed below. Please get in touch (mailto:jess@foxedquarterly.com) with Jess in the Slightly Foxed office for more information. The Ratline (https://foxedquarterly.com/shop/philippe-sands-the-ratline/) , Philippe Sands (11:39) An Englishman in Auschwitz, Leon Greenman is out of print (14:25) Dinner of Herbs: Village Life in 1960s Turkey (https://foxedquarterly.com/shop/carla-grissman-dinner-of-herbs/) , Carla Grissman (28:00) Hope against Hope (https://foxedquarterly.com/shop/nadezhda-mandelstam-hope-against-hope/) , Nadezhda Mandelstam (29:42) Defying Hitler (https://foxedquarterly.com/shop/sebastian-haffner-defying-hitler/) , Sebastian Haffner (31:04) An Officer and a Spy (https://foxedquarterly.com/shop/robert-harris-an-officer-and-a-spy/) , Robert Harris (33:53) Related Slightly Foxed Articles Comfortable Words, (https://foxedquarterly.com/anthony-wells-1662-book-of-common-prayer-literary-review/) Anthony Wells on the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, Issue 36 174517 (https://foxedquarterly.com/david-spiller-primo-levi-literary-review/) , David Spiller on Primo Levi, If This Is a Man and The Truce, Issue 43 Casting Out Fear (https://foxedquarterly.com/viktor-e-frankl-mans-search-for-meaning/) , Gary Mead on Viktor E. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, Issue 50 The Hunt for Hitler (https://foxedquarterly.com/hugh-trevor-roper-adam-sisman-literary-review/) , Adam Sisman on Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler, Issue 61 Other Links The Wiener Holocaust Library (https://www.wienerlibrary.co.uk/) One Tree Books (https://onetreebooks.com/) , Petersfield (23:52) The Petersfield Bookshop (https://www.petersfieldbookshop.com/) (24:45) Opening music: Preludio from Violin Partita No.3 in E Major by Bach The Slightly Foxed Podcast is hosted by Philippa Lamb and produced by Podcastable (https://www.podcastable.co.uk/)
Sentimental Garbage
Justice for Dumb Women
Le Divorce with Fiona Zublin
Get your Kelly bag and your load-bearing beams ready, this week we're talking about Diane Johnson's Le Divorce with real-life American Girl in Paris, Fiona Zublin! Isabel Walker is a young, bored film school graduate who has decamped to Paris to help her older sister Roxy, with her second pregnancy. Upon her arrival she discovers that Roxy has just been left by her French husband, Charles-Henri for another woman. As Roxy tries to negotiate French divorce courts and her estranged husbands family, Isabel slowly ingratiates herself into Paris life, becoming the mistress to Isabel's 70 year old uncle-in-law, Edgar. When a valuable painting belonging to the Walker family gets implicated in the divorce, both families are forced to come together to find a way out. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
1 hr 6 mins
Between The Covers : Conversations with Writers in Fiction, Nonfiction & Poetry
David Naimon, Tin House Books, KBOO 90.7FM
Vanessa Veselka : The Great Offshore Grounds
Vanessa Veselka returns to Between the Covers, eight years after her first appearance, to discuss her new novel The Great Offshore Grounds. Longlisted for this year's National Book Award in Fiction, Roxane Gay calls The Great Offshore Grounds epic, original, and "utterly engrossing." Lidia Yuknavitch adds: "This novel is thrilling in its content, daring in […] The post Vanessa Veselka : The Great Offshore Grounds appeared first on Tin House.
You're Booked
Daisy Buchanan
You're Booked Presents: Broccoli Book Club
Before the new season of You're Booked starts in a couple of weeks, we wanted to pop into your feed and tell you about a brand new podcast that book lovers are sure to enjoy. Broccoli Book Club is the first of its kind podcast, an interactive book club exploring works from some of the most savvy and talented authors, on a wide variety of fascinating topics. As well as discussing particular titles with a panel of experts, the show also invites listeners to join in the discussion plus there'll be a conversation with the author of each book. Here's a preview of the Broccoli Book Club's first episode, discussing Laura Dockrill's powerful memoir, What Have I Done? with award wining journalist Freddy McConnell, the CCO of Broccoli Tony Phillips and host of the Book Club Diyora Shadijanova. Search for Broccoli Book Club wherever you get your podcasts, visit @BroccoliContent on social media and join the Facebook group to get involved with the conversation. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
The TLS Podcast
The TLS
Epiphanies and kidneys
This week, Thea Lenarduzzi and Lucy Dallas are joined by the TLS's Classics editor Mary Beard, who, via an old exam paper, emphasizes the importance of teaching Classics in context (Q1: "Dryads, Hyads, Naiads, Oreads, Pleiads … Does 'Classical influence' in modern poetry always come down to snobbery and elitism?"); Zachary Leader reports on the latest offerings from the Joyce Industry; and Jane O'Grady considers how the Enlightenment undid itself. James Joyce and the Matter Of Paris, by Catherine Flynn James Joyce and the Jesuits, by Michael Mayo Panepiphanal World: James Joyce's epiphanies, by Sangam Macduff The Enlightenment: The pursuit of happiness 1680–1790, by Ritchie Robertson See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
The Penguin Podcast
Penguin Books UK
Owen Jones with Nihal Arthanayake
Owen Jones, Guardian columnist and Labour party activist chats to Nihal about the tumultuous rise and fall of Corbynism via his new book 'This Land'. Owen explains why he doesn't like writing and brings objects that help him get past that, including music from The Boxer Rebellion and his cats Kier and Rickman. #PenguinPodcast 'This Land: The Story of a Movement' is available to buy as an audiobook now - https://apple.co/38pSVSy See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Guardian Books podcast
Deborah Levy and the Booker shortlist – books podcast
As the Booker prize announces a shortlist that's long on surprises, we talk to Deborah Levy and assess the contenders for this year's award
The New Yorker: The Writer's Voice - New Fiction from The New Yorker
Andrea Lee Reads "The Rivals"
Andrea Lee reads her story from the January 4 & 11, 2021, issue of the magazine. Lee is the author of four books, including the novel "Lost Hearts in Italy" and the story collection "Interesting Women." A new book, "Red Island House," will be published in March.
London Review Bookshop Podcast
Richard Sennett and Anna Minton: 'Building and Dwelling'
Rich with arguments that speak directly to our moment - a time when more humans live in urban spaces than ever before - Building and Dwelling (Allen Lane) draws on Richard Sennett's deep learning and intimate engagement with city life to form a bold and original vision for the future of cities. Sennett was in conversation with Anna Minton, author of Big Capital (Penguin). See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
MEDIA INDIGENA : Indigenous current affairs
Rick Harp
Back to Basics with David Suzuki: Pt 2 (ep 239)
A second sit-down with Suzuki. In the first half of our discussion with Dr. David Suzuki, we learned how COVID inspired a return to his spoken word roots and why it was important to include Indigenous knowledge and voices in his new podcast. This time around, we explore whether the coronavirus is a kind of dry run for how we might—or might not—respond better to climate change going forward. Joining host/producer Rick Harp once more are Candis Callison, Associate Professor in the Institute for Critical Indigenous Studies and the Graduate School of Journalism at UBC, as well as Kim TallBear, associate professor in the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta. // CREDITS: Our opening/closing theme is 'nesting' by birocratic; '#1 Wish' by Jahzzar. SFX: 'FireBurning' by pcaeldries.
Interview with Lyssa Kay Adams
In this week's episode, Kendra and Joce chat with Lyssa Kay Adams, the author of The Bromance Book Club series. (Note: While we enjoyed this series, the title third book includes ableist language. The title has very little to do with the content, but we just wanted to give you a heads up.) Thanks so our sponsor! Acorn TV - Use code readingwomen at https://acorn.tv to receive your first 30 days free! Check out our Patreon page to learn more about our book club and other Patreon-exclusive goodies. Follow along over on Instagram, join the discussion in our Goodreads group, and be sure to subscribe to our newsletter for more new books and extra book reviews! Grab one of our totes for 20% off by heading over to our Etsy Store! Ideal Bookshelf by Jane Mount Check out the Reading Women Award 5th Anniversary Print from Ideal Bookshelf Mug 11oz and 15oz 10 Reading Women postcards Prints Lutz Get Down to Business We are two cousins from opposite ends of the globe who have way too many opinions about figure skating! So we decided to record ourselves talking about anything and everything that has recently gone down in the skating world. Spotify | Apple Podcasts | Other Platforms Instagram | Twitter Books Mentioned Crazy Stupid Bromance Undercover Bromance The Bromance Book Club Author Bio Lyssa Kay Adams read her first romance novel in eighth grade after swiping one from her grandmother's book shelf and was hooked forever. After a nearly 20-year career as a journalist, her dreams of writing and publishing her own HEAs came true in 2015 with the release of her first novel, Seventh Inning Heat, followed by the RITA-nominated novella, Wild in Rio. Today, she writes full-time from her home in Michigan with a pesky, fluffy K9 assistant named Domino who spends most of his day snoring on her desk (that is, when he's not burying things around the house). Website | Twitter | Instagram Buy the Book CONTACT Questions? Comments? Email us hello@readingwomenpodcast.com. SOCIAL MEDIA Reading Women Twitter | Facebook | Instagram | Website Music by Isaac Greene Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
All the Books!
293.5: All the Backlist! January 15, 2021
This week, Tirzah discusses two great YA fantasy backlist books! Subscribe to All the Books! using RSS, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or Stitcher and never miss a book. Sign up for the weekly New Books! newsletter for even more new book news. This post contains affiliate links. When you buy through these links, Book Riot may earn a commission. Books Discussed: Huntress by Malinda Lo Graceling by Kristin Cashore Last Night at the Telegraph Club by Malinda Lo Ash by Malinda Lo Winterkeep by Kristin Cashore See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
The New Yorker: Fiction
Chang-rae Lee Reads Steven Millhauser
Chang-rae Lee joins Deborah Treisman to read and discuss "Coming Soon," by Steven Millhauser, which appeared in a 2013 issue of the magazine. Lee's sixth novel, "My Year Abroad," will be published in February.
The New Yorker: Poetry
Margaret Atwood Reads Saeed Jones
Margaret Atwood joins Kevin Young to read "A Stranger," by Saeed Jones, and her own poem "Flatline." Atwood, a prolific poet and novelist, is known for brilliant books such as "The Handmaid's Tale" and "The Blind Assassin." Her many distinctions include the Los Angeles Times Innovator's Award, the Franz Kafka Prize, the pen Center U.S.A.'s lifetime-achievement award, and not one but two Booker Prizes, most recently for "The Testaments." "Dearly," her first collection of poetry in more than a decade, came out in November.
Poetry Off the Shelf
You Get Proud by Practicing
Meg Day on the poetry and activism of the late Laura Hershey, lip reading in a masked world, and the joy of connection.
84.5: Extra Credit: Food and Wine, Chips and Cheese, Picture Books and YA
Hannah recommends recent picture books that go well with some YA favorites and under-sung gems. She is also happy to provide potato chip and cheese pairings upon request via Twitter or Instagram 😉 Subscribe to the podcast via RSS, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or Stitcher. To get even more YA news and recommendations, sign up for our What's Up in YA newsletter! This post contains affiliate links. When you buy through these links, Book Riot may earn a commission. Show Notes Balletball by Erin Dionne and Gillian Flint Goldfish by Nat Luurtsema Sulwe by Lupita Nyong'o and Vashti Harrison Miss Meteor by Tehlor Kay Mejia and Anna-Marie McLemore Not My Girl by Margaret Pokiak-Fenton, Christy Jordan-Fenton, and Gabrielle Grimard Butterfly Yellow by Thanhha Lai We Are Water Protectors by Carole Lindstrom and Michaela Goade Winterkeep by Kristin Cashore (and Bitterblue!) Your Name is a Song by Jamilah Thompkins-Bigelow Darius the Great is Not Okay by Adib Khorram (and Darius the Great Deserves Better!) Fry Bread by Kevin Noble Maillard and Juana Martinez-Neal Daughters of Jubilation by Kara Lee Corthron A Different Pond by Bao Phi and Thi Bui Felix Ever After by Kacen Callender See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Waldy and Bendy's Adventures in Art
Sunday Times / ZCZ Films
Waldy & Bendy confront some shocking news from the art world. Waldy has a chat with the head conservation honcho at the National Gallery. And Bendy chooses an obscure picture for his On the Wall. Not! See the show notes at our website.
More episodes from Literary Friction
Literary Friction - Year in Review 2020
It's our last Literary Friction of 2020, and as usual it's time for our year in review show, packed full of recommendations just in time for your holiday shopping. We'll be looking back over some of the books that got us through this wildly challenging year, and gently revisiting the reading resolutions we made in 2019, when we were still so innocent and full of optimism. We'll also give some resolutions for the year ahead, plus some of the books we are excited to read in 2021. We've teamed up with two of our favourite independent bookshops to offer some ace deals for LF listeners: Burley Fisher (https://burleyfisherbooks.com/) are offering 10% off using the code LITFRICTION at checkout, available until midnight on 23/12. If you spend over £20 at Pages of Hackney (https://pagesofhackney.co.uk/) they'll throw in one of their brilliant totes for free, just add the tote plus books to your basket and use the code LITFRICTION at checkout. They've also put together a list of everything we recommended on this show, here: https://pagesofhackney.co.uk/litfriction/ Top picks from 2020: Carrie: The Vanishing Half by Brit Bennett The Lying Life of Adults by Elena Ferrante, translated by Ann Goldstein Lost Cat by Mary Gaitskill The Years by Annie Ernaux, translated by Alison L. Strayer Euphoria by Lily King Girl, Woman, Other by Bernardine Evaristo In The Woods by Tana French Octavia: Weather by Jenny Offill In The Dream House by Carmen Maria Machado Blueberries by Ellena Savage This Brutal House by Niven Govinden Things I Don't Want To Know by Deborah Levy Exciting Times by Naoise Dolan A Man's Place by Annie Ernaux, trans. Tanya Leslie Unknown Language by Hildegard of Bingen and Huw Lemmey Looking forward to next year: Carrie: Open Water by Caleb Azuman Nelson Fake Accounts by Lauren Oyler Having and Being Had by Eula Biss Octavia: Tomorrow Sex Will Be Good Again by Katherine Angel Interior Chinatown by Charles Yu This One Sky Day by Leone Ross Email us: litfriction@gmail.com Tweet us & find us on Instagram: @litfriction
Literary Friction - The Political Essay with Otegha Uwagba
Does the written word really have the power to change things? How do you make a good argument in writing? Does the form of the essay lend itself particularly well to politics? Join us as we talk to the writer Otegha Uwagba about her brilliant essay Whites, a clear sighted, powerful comment on race in our society which examines her feelings in the wake of George Floyd's murder, and the failures of white allyship. Picking up from our discussion of the form of the essay with Brian Dillon in 2017, we'll be exploring the strengths and limitations of the form and talking about our favourite political essayists, from George Orwell to James Baldwin to Rebecca Solnit, plus all the usual recommendations. Our recommended political essays: Octavia: Daddy Issues by Katherine Angel https://peninsulapress.co.uk/product/daddy-issues Carrie: On Witness and Repair by Jesmyn Ward https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2020/08/jesmyn-ward-on-husbands-death-and-grief-during-covid General Recommendations: Octavia: A Very Easy Death by Simone de Beauvoir https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/10378/a-very-easy-death-by-simone-de-beauvoir/ Otegha: America Is Not the Heart by Elaine Castillo https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/549486/america-is-not-the-heart-by-elaine-castillo/ Carrie: Intimations by Zadie Smith https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/321/321775/intimations/9780241492383.html Email us: litfriction@gmail.com Tweet us & find us on Instagram: @litfriction
Minisode Seventeen: Optimism
What with the news of a viable Covid vaccine in the works and a Biden Harris administration on the horizon, you may be having an unusual feeling, one that you vaguely recognise but can't quite put your finger on... Well, friends, it might just be Optimism. We're a few weeks into lockdown two in the UK, and seeing as we talked about joy at the start of the first one, it feels like good symmetry to call on our optimistic reserves this time around. As the global pandemic drags on, we think it's a good muscle to flex. So join us as we ask, what does it really mean to feel optimistic now? How does it work for us, and how can we nurture it in a helpful way? Plus some aural and visual recommendations for when reading isn't hitting the spot.


It was Divine Intervention that brought Cirrias into my life and I am grateful every day for that. I would never have been able to travel this Twin Flame path without her guidance & support. She is always there for me, being kind, calm and patient. She is reassuring and helps me become peaceful & hopeful again. I know she helps many people but she always makes time for me when I need her. I don't have words enough to express my gratitude to Source for bringing her into my life & my thankful appreciation for her tireless dedication to the Twin Flame Union.
My reading with Cirrias was absolutely amazing and life changing to say the least. It was very clear, honest, and detailed. She provided answers to every concern, making an extra effort to be sure I had the answers I was seeking. After the reading, there was an immediate shift in my energy field and understanding. To be honest, I was on a cloud !!!! She confirmed my deepest desire. She also said things that only I knew during the reading. This is truly one of the most profound experiences I have ever had. I do not doubt that I was divinely led to her. There was an immediate connection and I felt completely comfortable / satisfied with her gifting and abilities. I will definitely be working with Cirrias in the future. "A true connection to Source" .
Good morning ! I just want to Thank you so much from the bottom of my heart for the beautiful reading yesterday. Thank you for taking the time from your day to give me the validation that I have been searching for - for so long. You have been a tremendous blessing and I look forward to our growing relationship. I know that you have come into my life for a reason. Whether to mentor me for some new abilities or as a new soul family member/confidant.
Hello Cirrias Wow I am not even sure where to start! I have read over my reading about a dozen times and find something new I resonate with everytime... Thank you so much for this - it is so full of love and light and was just lovely to read. What has been happening to me lately can be scary at times but for the most part has been so exciting and it feels good to finally know who I am and why I am here - although I learn something new towards this goal every day. And I can be patient for my twin to come into my life - like I said I feel him every day and we still have intimate moments even if it is not in the physical it is still very beautiful and special and I wouldn't trade these moments for anything !!! Thanks again for EVERYTHING.
It was divine guidance that brought me to your Youtube Channel 4 months ago. When I listened to some of your videos it was like I found a friend. You have done more for me in these past 4 months then anyone has done my entire life. I have had a life of much pain and sorrow. From the very first FaceTime chat we had I felt so much better and I knew God directed me to you for a reason. You gave me HOPE.
When I had the worst melt down of my life. I texted you I needed help and you were right there on the phone with me every step of the way and sent me lots of healing. You did not give up until you were absolutely sure I was OK. How does one ever forget that ?
Anyone that is on the Twin Flame Journey knows how intense it is emotionally, physically and mentally. I have been on this journey for over 2 years and with your guidance I finally feel like I will be with my beloved soon.
You bought me peace and peace is all I ever wanted in my life and now I know that anything is possible.
I have so much respect, gratitude and Love for you.


Space Shuttle Atlantis astronauts spread a second set of wings for the International Space Station today. The new solar arrays were fully extended at 7:44 a.m CDT. The new arrays span a total of 240 feet and have a width of 38 feet. They are attached to the station's newest component, the P3/P4 integrated truss segment. The installation of the P3/P4, which occurred Tuesday, and the deployment of the arrays set the stage for future expansion of the station.
Diese Mediendatei wurde vom Johnson Space Center der US-amerikanischen National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) unter der Datei-ID S115-E-06052 kategorisiert.


Did you know each year over 45 billion feminine hygiene products are disposed of globally? On her journey to living a more ethical life, Becca's turned her attention to toiletries. Is there a solution that's kinder to the environment than tampons?
I don't want to cramp your style and bring up periods, but don't 'overy'act, they're natural. Just go with the flow, and read on. Ok, ok I'll stop…menstrual puns are bloody annoying, period.
I have been on a bit of a journey with plastic waste over the last year or two. I have reduced the plastic in my food shopping, and even toiletries… I started making my own toothpaste which I never thought I would do! This was all because I saw the enormous impact that my life was having on the planet. But there was one bit of plastic that I was rather attached to every month…literally.
Did you know that the average woman will use more than 11,000 disposable sanitary items in a lifetime? Each year, over 45 billion feminine hygiene products are disposed of globally. Many of these end up in our oceans or in landfill as the majority of sanitary pads contain 90% plastic and backing strips, applicators and wrappers are not biodegradable. One pack of normal sanitary pads is made from the same amount of plastic as four carrier bags!
In one day, Ocean Conservation volunteers collected 27,938 used tampons and applicators on our world's beaches. ONE DAY!
So, while I was using and throwing away all this plastic every month…little did I know there were some amazing alternatives!
The mooncup is an alternative to disposable sanitary products. It is reusable; you only need one. And it is one of the best purchases I've ever made! You simply re-use it every month and then wash it clean. It's as simple as that. It's arguably the most environmentally friendly option for dealing with your monthly friend.
Many may think that it's weird, messy or unhygienic but maybe it's time we ticked the tampon tax in the rear and used our period as an opportunity to show large companies that we care about the planet, through all aspects of our lives.
Menstrual cups have been around for over 70 years, however were mostly contained to 'hippy' health shops…I certainly never heard of them growing up. But their growing popularity of means that are now available in most boots stores or a variety of shops online.
So, to everyone, I challenge you to think about the plastic that you might use and throw away without giving it much thought. And ladies, check out some alternatives to plastic period products you might be using each month. There are so many options such as reusable pads…but seriously, mooncup is amazing.
If you need any more convincing, here's the argument in the form of a rap battle! What more could you ask for?!


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High Desert
COVID jail death lawsuit
Latest case count
Laser pointer arrested
What cities are in IE?
Barbara Jones
barbara.jones@dailynews.com
GED switching to tougher, computer-based tests in January
December 25, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
Known for decades as a second chance for dropouts, the popular high-school equivalency test known as the GED is about to undergo a historic overhaul to better prepare adult learners...
iPad debate overshadows learning revolution in LAUSD classrooms
November 23, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
Last week, as Los Angeles Unified officials debated and complained about the speed, cost and logistics of the troubled iPad rollout, students around the sprawling district were putting the tablet...
Miramonte teacher Mark Berndt pleads no contest to molestation, gets 25 years in prison
Described by sobbing mothers as a "perverse animal" and a "monster" who had destroyed their children's innocence, former Miramonte Elementary teacher Mark Berndt pleaded no contest Friday to molesting 23...
Live coverage: Miramonte teacher Mark Berndt pleads no contest to child molestation charges, will get 25-year sentence
Teacher Mark Berndt pleaded no contest today to child molestation charges and will receive a 25-year sentence. Follow live in court with reporters Larry Altman and Barbara Jones.
LAUSD's John Deasy 'relieved' at Mark Berndt's no-contest plea in Miramonte molestation
Los Angeles Unified Superintendent John Deasy expressed relief Friday that the molestation case against ex-Miramonte Elementary teacher Mark Berndt is over, and he lashed out at teachers unions for blocking...
California student scores in reading, math climb, but news isn't all good
November 7, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
California's fourth- and eighth-graders performed better than in the past on reading and math tests, but fewer than a third are considered proficient in those subjects, according to a new...
L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti says he supports LAUSD Superintendent John Deasy, questions school board
October 25, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
Amid reports Los Angeles Unified School District Superintendent John Deasy may be resigning, Mayor Eric Garcetti suggested Friday that the school board — which has clashed with Deasy — has...
John Deasy, LAUSD Superintendent, set to resign
Los Angeles Unified Superintendent John Deasy has told some members of the school board that he plans to resign as head of the nation's second-largest school district, a source close...
California updates online School Quality Snapshots
October 7, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
The state Department of Education released updated information Monday on its online tool that provides a two-page snapshot of academic accountability measures for some 10,000 schools across California.Launched last year,...
Three former elementary students claim molestation in new lawsuit
September 19, 2013 at 12:00 a.m.
Three former students of El Sereno Elementary have filed suit against Los Angeles Unified, claiming they were sexually abused by a teacher the district tried to fire last year for...


Cadfan Cog was made on January 17, 2017. Angelina Alaskan Malador was made on January 5, 2015. She has brown eyes. Ahuva and Alexander Alaskan Malamute were made on January 7, 2017. They should satirize on Futurama. Alex Clark was a girl in my church. Miss Holt was my second grade teacher. Christiana was born on March 9, 1998. I am a thirty-year-old woman. I was born in 1987. Cadfan Cog should portray Christopher Columbus. I was the only student in Miss Holt's class who cried around a "Canada" book. Angelina Alaskan Malador should be a 2010's child star. Darla Dalmatian should portray Cinderella.
Recent images of Joshua Malina. Photos. Hot. Popular. Latest Joshua Malina photos 2019 gallery. Joshua Malina photo shoot. Joshua Malina red carpet pictures. Magazine photos. Movie posters. Stills. Magazine covers.


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NASCAR announced this week that it has accumulated more than one million miles of driving this season in the Sprint Cup, Nationwide and Camping World Truck series using Sunoco Green E15 as fuel.
According to NASCAR:
The release of the report is particularly timely because this week, the Environmental Protection Agency, and environmental officials and Americans nationwide are celebrating National Pollution Prevention Week. According to the EPA, pollution prevention is the cornerstone of sustainability.
"Before NASCAR switched its fuel to Sunoco Green E15 at the start of the 2011 racing season, there was extensive analysis and deep consideration about the decision," said Mike Lynch, managing director of Green Innovation for NASCAR. "Successfully transitioning to the new fuel and surpassing a million miles, all on America's toughest proving ground, is a validation of Sunoco Green E15 as a high-performance racing fuel and is part of our overall effort to go green.
NASCAR is proud to use this American-made product because it creates American jobs while also reducing harmful emissions."
NASCAR's switch to the new fuel was borne out of a partnership with American Ethanol. Representing a wide array of ethanol supporters, from farmers to bio-engineering firms, American Ethanol was established by Growth Energy in partnership with the National Corn Growers Association and others.
Source: NASCAR
We're Fueling Terrorism by Paying OPEC
Five Ethanol Myths, Busted
New Ethanol Reform and Deficit Reduction Act Introduced
Senator Coburn Seeks to Destroy American Ethanol
Renewable Energy Production Promotes America's Security; Boosts Economy
A Tale of Two Fuel Choice Approaches
Saudi Prince: "We Don't Want the West to Go and Find Alternatives"
Ethanol Lowers Fuel Prices


text:
Danielle Stampe is a singer, dancer, set designer, and performance artist, best known for her work with Gwar as "Slymenstra Hymen." She has set records for fire breathing and voltage endurance.

Early life
Danielle Stampe was born in San Diego on November 27, 1967. Her family moved to Virginia Beach, Virginia where she attended high school before moving on to Virginia Commonwealth University to study Fine Art. It was there that Stampe met Dave Brockie of the band Gwar.

Slymenstra Hymen and Gwar

Stampe joined Gwar in 1988 and developed the Slymenstra Hymen character. Stampe (as Hymen) contributed backup vocals on most Gwar albums during her time with the band. Slymenstra and Oderus Urungus are featured in a duet titled "Fire in the Loins," on the RagNaRok album. "Don't Need A Man," written by Michael Derks and appearing on Carnival Of Chaos, was the first Gwar song to feature Slymenstra solo on lead vocals.

"My Girly Ways," featured on We Kill Everything, featured Slymenstra in what would be the character's final song as a lead vocalist. Stampe left Gwar in 2000 but returned for one final tour with the group in 2002.

Sideshow work and world records
In 1992, Stampe moved to New York City. In 1995, along with Ula and Sharka of the Pain-Proof Rubber Girls, she helped in creating the Girly Freak Show, a performance troupe where she could be seen performing sideshow acts such as fire spinning and breathing, bullwhip, sword ladder walking, glass walking, eating lightbulbs, the Fiji mermaid, fire fan dance, burlesque tassle twirler, and the Miss Spidora illusion.

After performing the act in clubs, it moved on to touring nationally as part of the 1996 Lollapalooza tour. After Lollapalooza, many of the performers moved on to other projects and Girly Freak Show came to an end.

Stampe moved to Los Angeles in 1996 and after leaving Gwar in 2000, she revived the Girly Freak Show, for which she was granted the naming rights by Ula and Sharka. Stampe also performed her sideshow act, often under the pseudonyms Danyella De Meaux and Miss Electra, as a member of the Brothers Grim Sideshow as well as with The Velvet Hammer Burlesque and Lucha VaVoom, the wrestling/burlesque show. During these appearances, she could often be seen performing "Don't Need A Man" live.

Stampe holds several world records for fire breathing and human endurance of high-voltage electricity. These feats have led to her appearances on numerous television shows, including Ripley's Believe It or Not!, Guinness World Records Primetime, and Wild West Tech. She has been a performer at Knott's Scary Farm, the annual Halloween event held at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.

Film set and home design work
Stampe works on set design for film and music videos, most notably for performers Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and Nicki Minaj. She is also the owner of an interior and exterior home design company named Wrapt In Comfort.

References

American women singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
American women heavy metal singers
Living people
Gwar members
1966 births
Pigface members


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InfraLife
A quest for more transplantable hearts
by Elin Jonsson
Medical scientist Anders Arner has studied muscle tissue in everything from zebrafish to pigs. With synchrotron research techniques, Anders is now examining heart muscle tissue to develop new methods for heart transplantations.
Every week, approximately two people die or are permanently removed from the transplant waiting list in Sweden due to the lack of transplantable organs1. Typically, only brain dead patients that die during respiratory care are eligible as donors, and since few people die this way, there is a lack of potential organ donors.
To solve the organ shortage problem in Sweden, a new method called Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) has been explored. This method allows organs to be recovered and transplanted after circulatory death. That is when the heart has irreversibly stopped beating, and the tissues no longer have blood circulation and oxygen supply2.
However, there are challenges related to this new method of transplantation. And this is where Anders Arner and his colleagues come into the picture.
Looking deep into the riddles of the heart
Anders is professor of physiology, active at the department of Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, and works at Igelösa Life Science, a small life science company outside Lund. Together with his colleagues, he is researching a syndrome called 'stone heart,' an irreversible contraction of the heart resembling the condition of rigor mortis.
"Stone heart syndrome makes it impossible to save the heart for transplantation. If we can understand what it is, we could understand whether it is possible to prevent, which would make more hearts available for transplantation"
Anders Arner
Anders and his colleagues recently performed experiments on a pig model induced with stone heart. The experiment was conducted at CoSAXS beamline at the research facility MAX IV in Lund using small-angle X-ray scattering research techniques. Such techniques make it possible to study tissue at the molecular level and reveal information about intra-cellular muscle filament structure in an intact muscle, such as size, shape, and interactions between the filaments.
Hearts from pig. Left: healthy heart. Right: 'stone heart'. Photo: Anders Arena
"In the morning, we brought a fresh heart in cardioplegic solution – a liquid that protects the heart muscle cells from dying – and drove to MAX IV. There, we dissected the tissue and performed the experiments with the tissue in an outstretched state", Anders says.
New insights into tissue contraction
The research question was partly based on Anders' earlier research on meat. When an animal is slaughtered, it is warm, and the muscles enter rigor mortis. The pH value decreases, leading to irreversible changes in the proteins, and because the water leaks out, the meat shrinks and becomes dry. At warm ischemia and rigor mortis, you get a shrinkage of the meat.
"My question was: Could this happen with the heart? Also, during muscle contraction, the two major proteins of muscle tissue, called myosin and actin, bind to each other. I wondered whether this could happen in the heart muscle cells as well, during stone heart", Anders explains.
"The potential of the pig experiments is that there is a direct connection to the clinic"
X-ray scattering pattern from pig heart muscle with two main reflections (arrows) recorded at CoSAXS.
The results of the experiment have just been submitted to a scientific journal. They suggest that there is no swelling of the tissue and that there is a clear attachment between actin and myosin, resulting in the contraction of the tissue.
Combining advanced microscopy techniques
The research team also used complementary research techniques, such as electron microscopy (EM), at the Animal Physiology department at Lund University. EM provides high-resolution structural information on cells and filaments. Preliminary results show the heart muscle filaments and so-called contraction bands, which suggests that there has been a hypercontraction of the tissue, as well as swollen mitochondria. All these are signs of affected and diseased tissue.
"Never underestimate people's curiosity"
Anders did his first synchrotron experiment in the 80s, at the first version of MAX IV called MAX I, using time-resolved fluorescence techniques to study what happens in rabbit muscles when they contract. This earned him the nickname 'The Rabbit Man'. "It might sound silly, but one main reason for coming to MAX I was because I thought it was a cool piece of machinery. One should never underestimate people's curiosity", he says.
"Small-angle scattering is a very important technique when working with muscles and contractions"
Anders is planning on coming back to MAX IV and CoSAXS to do more time-resolved experiments to study muscles in real time.
"The technology interests me; It provides important information and I also think it is fun. I have such an unanswered love for techniques. I am also excited about research techniques using neutrons. Neutron scattering allows you to look at slightly thicker tissue pieces, for example, a whole chamber wall of the heart. That would be interesting", he concludes.
For further information about the project, contact:
Anders Arner, Igelösa Life Science AB and Professor, Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University
e-mail: anders.arner@med.lu.se
Igelösa Life Science AB
Medical research company
Located at a rebuilt farm outside Lund in southern Sweden
Research within thorax surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), preventive medicine and palliative medicine
Was founded in 1998 by Stig Steen, a Norwegian thorax surgeon and professor at Lund University
More information: https://igelosa.com
The small-angle scattering experiments were performed at the CoSAXS beamline at MAX IV in Lund, Sweden. The electron microscopy in this project was performed at the department of Animal Physiology at Lund University. However, EM is also offered at SciLifeLab.
CoSAXS
The CoSAXS beamline is a state-of-the-art multipurpose Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) instrument.
The X-ray beam is complemented by a variety of sample environments and detector systems. Several techniques are available through modular operation: time-resolved SAXS, SAXS/WAXS, protein solution SAXS, microfocusing SAXS, anomalous X-ray scattering and XPCS.
Access can be either through open calls twice a year, which is for free but mandatory to publish results, or through proprietary access, which comes with a cost but there is no demand for publishing.
Contact: Ann Terry, Group Manager Diffraction and Scattering at MAX IV, ann.terry@maxiv.lu.se, or https://www.maxiv.lu.se/beamlines-accelerators/beamlines/cosaxs/
Group manager Ann Terry working on the CoSAXS beamline. Photo: MAX IV
Electron microscopy at SciLifeLab
Integrated Microscopy Technologies Unit
Advanced Light Microscopy (ALM), Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) and Correlative Array Tomography (CAT)
More information: https://www.scilifelab.se/units/integrated-microscopy-technologies/
Cryo-EM Unit
Single particle cryo-EM and cryo-tomography (cryo-ET)
More information: https://www.scilifelab.se/units/cryo-em/
1 According to data from Mer Organdonation (MOD) (https://merorgandonation.se/statistik-och-rapporter)
2 https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/03-60-0119_FBE_CirculatoryDeath_Bro_v5.pdf
Are you interested in using a research infrastructure, but not sure where to go or who to talk to?
talk to us at infralife!
Tags:casecoSAXSheartigelösainfrastructurelarge-scale research infrastructureMAXIVpigSAXSscatteringScilifelabstonehearttransplatation
Hosted by Lund University
InfraLife meets new MAX IV board member Annika Jenmalm Jensen
Industry case: Discover the true potential of your biomaterial with X-rays
Industry case: Breakthrough high sensitivity NMR technique available through SciLifeLab/AstraZeneca collab
Industry case: Quantitative mass testing from blood possible in the near future
Follow InfraLife on LinkedIn for continuous updates about the project
Other social media: #infralifesweden or individual channels


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ADAA: The Art Show
Booth C10 & D11
February 28 - March 3, 2019
Exhibited Works Installation Views Artists News
Anglim Gilbert Gallery and P·P·O·W are pleased to announce a two-person booth featuring paintings by Judith Linhares and ceramic sculptures by Annabeth Rosen. The presentation will span early and recent works by both artists, demonstrating the consistency and contemporary influence of their decades-long pioneering practices. While both artists are engaged with the specific histories and techniques of their respective media, Linhares and Rosen share a determination to pare down their work to integral, visceral gestures, giving free rein to their own intuition and wit. Furthermore, both artists, who formed their careers in California and New York, are receiving growing critical recognition with solo exhibitions on both coasts. Both Linhares and Rosen are represented by Anglim Gilbert Gallery and P·P·O·W.
Judith Linhares
Sphinx, 1990
54 x 78 ins.
Rooted in the California Bay Area Counter Culture of the 60s and 70s, Judith Linhares' practice combines modes of abstract expressionism with Bay Area figuration to create uniquely irradiant paintings. Beginning each work with an exploration of the paint itself, Linhares utilizes abstract fields of color to gradually pull out her subjects. Approaching figuration through abstracted forms Linhares depicts, with distinctly lush, almost edible, colors, mythological women communing with nature alongside colorful portraits of farm animals and floral still lives. Sexual without being sexy, her nude female figures lay claim to their domestic and natural landscape. Whether climbing trees, riding on horseback, or delighting in drunken revelry, Linhares' sirens toil together to build fairy tales and mythologies all their own. Judith Linhares' first solo exhibition with P·P·O·W entitled Hearts on Fire, February 14 – March 16, 2019, will coincide with our ADAA presentation.
Annabeth Rosen
Green Grass, 2012
fired ceramic, rubber inner tube
13 x 18 x 13 ins.
Following the critical success of her survey exhibition, Annabeth Rosen: Fired, Gathered, Broken, Heaped, our joint presentation will highlight the range and originality of Rosen's four-decade career. Her work explores the essential properties of ceramics by directly confronting the aesthetic and physical relationships between sculptural form and painterly surface. Her formally intuitive process is enabled by a complex understanding of ceramic history with its composite materials and chemical properties, placing her work in the tradition of experimental sculptors Peter Voulkos, Betty Woodman, Lynda Benglis, and Martin Puryear. From the vantage point of her decades of technical expertise, Rosen's radical experiments challenge the historical strictures of the medium by embracing the sculptural fragment and the taboo of "imperfection". In 2018, Rosen was awarded the Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Award in Art from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In the commendation for her award, the Academy summarized Rosen's practice as follows: "[Her] career marks a welcome feminist rejoinder to the macho posturing all too common in previous generations of clay artists. Her conglomerate forms are a compression of industrial, organic, and sexual matter that speak to a multiplicity of abundance and claustrophobia. They are beautiful and urgent."
Born in Pasadena, California, Judith Linhares lives and works in Brooklyn, NY. She earned her B.F.A. and M.F.A. degrees from California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland, CA. In 1978, Linhares was included in the influential Bad Painting exhibition at the New Museum, organized by legendary curator Marcia Tucker. Since then, she has exhibited widely. In the early 1990s, a traveling survey, Dangerous Pleasures: The Art of Judith Linhares, toured museums and galleries on both coasts. She has participated in group exhibitions, including the recent Order and Nature, at Anglim Gilbert Gallery at Minnesota Street Project, San Francisco, CA and State of the Art at Parkland College, Champaign, Ill, curated by Gladys Nilsson. Linhares is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and has received multiple grants from the National Endowments for the Arts. Her work is held in many permanent collections, including the de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA; the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, CA; the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.; and the Whitney Museum of American Art, NY.
Born in 1957 in Brooklyn, New York, Annabeth Rosen received her B.F.A. from Alfred University and her M.F.A. from Cranbrook Academy of Art. She has been the Robert Arneson Endowed Chair at the University of California Davis since 1997 and has taught at School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Rhode Island School of Design, Tyler School of Art and Bennington College. Rosen has received multiple grants and awards, a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, a Pew Fellowship, two National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships, several UC Davis Research Grants, and a Joan Mitchell Award for Painting and Sculpture. Rosen's work is in the collection of the LA County Museum of Art, The Oakland Museum of Art, The Denver Art Museum, and The Everson Museum, as well as public and private collections throughout the country. Annabeth Rosen: Fired, Broken, Gathered, Heaped, Rosen's first major survey chronicling 20 years of her work in ceramics and drawing, organized by Valerie Cassel Oliver, opened at the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston in 2017. The exhibition will travel to the Cranbrook Art Museum in 2018 and The Contemporary Jewish Museum San Francisco in 2019.
Heading Out, 1999
Bandana, 2018
23 1/2 x 26 ins.
Think, 1992
Up There, 2004
Feast, 2011
Untitled (Souvenir #35), 2005
fired ceramic
15 1/2 x 17 x 10 ins.
Big Grey Ball, 2010 - 2012
13 1/2 x 13 x 8 ins.
Swoll, 2012
14.5 x 18 x 19 ins.
Women Win at the Art Show
The New York Times February 27, 2019
Uncompromising female artists dominate in the top booths at this annual fair at the Park Avenue Armory.
Read Full Article at nytimes.com


After the registration of the group and users accounts, please wait until they are validated. This is usually done within a few hours. Finally, you will be granted access to resources.
Basic knowledge of the Unix operating system is necessary. It is also recommended some experience on how to work on a high performance computing cluster. If you have no prior experience with Unix, we advise you to read this tutorial.
Finally, depending on your concrete needs, it might also be useful to have some knowledge on parallel programming and software debugging.


It's been nearly a week since the Italian Grand Prix run at the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, in Monza, Italy – and already, I miss Phil Hill. As the first American to win the Formula One Driver's Championship in 1961, Hill, who died of complications from Parkinson's Disease August 28, 2008, in Monterey, California, was an important influence on the world of automobiles, racing, and International relations.
Even as recently as this year, Hill was a constant, loyal attendee at races all over the world and as such, was an influence on the culture of things automotive and served as an American ambassador of good will. When I think about the risk that drivers faced in F-1 and other forms of racing in the 1950s and '60s, it's amazing Hill even lived to tell the tale.
There are two types of mainstream designers in the auto biz: classically trained individuals who create vehicles for major manufacturers, and independent creative gurus, who typically build custom or one-off masterpieces. The auto industry lost one of its best independents this week, with the passing of Boyd Coddington. Coddington, perhaps the leader in west coast "Hot Rod" design, died this week at a hospital in Whittier, California.
Perhaps best known for his Hot Rod "Cadzilla" – created for ZZ Top, Coddington was also the host of the TV Reality show "American Hot Rod." He started building cars when he was 13 years old, operated a gas station in Utah, and was always known as an individual dedicated to creativity, workmanship, and detail.
He grew up in Rupert, Idaho, but by the time he was a teen, he knew his destiny was closer to the California coast. But it wasn't the sound of the Beach Boys or the surf that drew Boyd west, it was his desire to build little deuce coupes, powered by a variety of then popular hot-rod motors. Years later, Beach Boy Al Jardine contracted Coddington to create a deuce coupe – a 409 Chevy woodie for him.
Boyd opened his first hot rod shop, Hot Rods by Boyd, in Cypress in 1977. By the time of his death this week, his business covered more than 50,000 square feet, had more than 70 employees, and helped bring a number of talented designers into the light of stardom, including Chip Foose.
In addition to his custom car business, his reality TLC TV show, Coddington owned a popular wheel company, Boyd Wheels (started in 1988) offering up highly polished wheels designed to make any hot rod a bit hotter.
The offices at VehicleVoice and AutoPacific are filled with models of cars built through the ages, including some fantastic hot rod examples. Tonight, we'll raise our glasses and toast one of the masters: Boyd Coddington. We'll miss you and your vision.
In the midst of one of the weakest automobile sales seasons in recent memory, members of the United Automobile Workers union walked off the job at General Motors plants nationwide two days ago, kicking a marathon negotiation session into gear. Negotiators for both sides stayed at the bargaining table until a new deal was announced at 3AM today by UAW president Ron Gettelfinger. The result: GM workers get some important job security protections and GM gets to offload its health plan into a new trust (all details have not yet been announced). This was the first time GM had been struck in more than 37 years. When the UAW walked in 1970, they remained off the job for two full months. The last local UAW strike affected two plants in Flint, Michigan in 1998 in a walkout that lasted nearly seven weeks.