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The Prevention of Electronics Crimes Bill 2015
Written by Fahad Nabeel
Note: The draft of the bill can be viewed at the here
The National Assembly Standing Committee on Information Technology approved the Version 4 [1] of the Prevention of Electronics Crime Bill, 2015 on 16th April.
According to the Ministry of IT, the law deals with hate speech, terrorist activities on the internet and protects critical government infrastructure from hackers.[2]
Clauses of the Bill
According to the bill, online criticism of religion, the country, its courts, and the armed forces are among subjects which will invoke official intervention.
The bill proposes up to a maximum punishment of 14-year jail and Rs 50 million fines, to curb cyber terrorism in the country. The Electronic Crime Bill said whoever prepares or disseminates intelligence through any information system or device where the commission or threat is with the intent to;
(a) Glorify an offence or the person accused or convicted of a crime,
(b) Support terrorism or activities of proscribed organizations and
(c) Advance religious, ethnic or sectarian hatred, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years or with fine up to Rs 10 million or both.
Under the proposed law Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) has been empowered to manage intelligence, and issue directions for removal or blocking of access of any intelligence through any information system. The Authority or any officer authorized by it in this behalf may direct any service provider, to remove any intelligence or block access to such intelligence, if it considers it necessary in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states public order, decency or morality or in relation to contempt of court or commission of or incitement to an offence under this Act.
According to the proposed law whoever sells or otherwise provides SIM card, re-usable identification module (R-IUM) or other portable memory chip designed to be used in cellular mobile or wireless phone for transmitting intelligence without obtaining and verification of the subscriber's antecedents in the mode and manner for the time being approved by the Authority shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine up to Rs 0.5 million or both.
According to the bill anybody found guilty of unauthorized access to information system or data shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine up to one fifty thousand rupees or both. Any person found guilty of unauthorized copying or transmission shall be imprisonment for a term of may extend to six months or with fine up to Rs 0.1 million or with both. Any person found guilty of electronic fraud shall be punished with imprisonment for a term, which may extent to two years with fine up to Rs 10 million or both. Whoever found in making, obtaining or supplying devices for use in offence be punished with imprisonment for a term may extend to 6 months or with fine up to Rs 50,000 or both.[3]
How the Bill was approved?
Headed by Captain (Retd) Muhammad Safdar, son-in-law of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif the meeting of the standing committee of National Assembly on Information Technology & Telecommunication was held at parliament house.[4]
The half a dozen PML-N members of the committee, who were present to deliberate on the draft bill, did not object to the law that was laid before the parliament. MQM MNA Ali Raza Abidi was the only member who opposed some aspects of the bill. The committee also discussed some of the sections of the bill that critics had described as "ridiculous".
Of the 20 members of the committee, all 14 PML-N MNAs approved the bill, while five of the six opposition members were absent from the initial meeting. The members had earlier alleged that they had not been provided copies of the bill for review.[5]
Some viewpoints of the opposition members in the standing committee
"I just received a copy. It's obvious the bill has been approved in haste. Nobody is willing to listen," Mr Abidi said, explaining how the members did not have adequate knowledge about the internet, its technicalities and how best to address them.
"If they do not heed the concerns of critics today, it can also affect their children tomorrow," he said.[6]
Viewpoints of critics
Critics of the Prevention of Electronics Crimes Bill 2015 argue that it is draconian, suppresses civil liberties and freedom of expression besides giving unfettered powers to law enforcement agencies to make arrests without seeking proper permission from the courts.
The joint action committee, which is a group consisting of representatives of Internet service providers, IT companies and entrepreneurs along with other stakeholders, argued that checks and balances on investigation agencies and officers have been removed under the bill that also fails to define the mechanisms of enforcement.
"For example, there no longer exists a need – under the new law – for an investigation officer to give reasons to obtain a warrant from the court to search, seize or make arrests. The safeguards introduced by the IT industry, such as protection against self-incrimination and the right of an accused to know the charges against him/her, have also been omitted," Mr Siraj said.
"In its present form, the new bill will seriously discourage students, academics and universities who conduct research," he said.
Pakistan Software Houses Association (PASHA), Executive Member for IT Syed Ahmad explained how the bill gave authorities the powers to confiscate devices and data, something foreign investors who valued their privacy would be uncomfortable with.[7]
The controversial sections of the Bill:-
IT expert explained how the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Bill 2015 had serious issues with regards to definitions and technical language.
"There is a difference between 'a warrant is required' and 'a warrant may be required'. Civil safeguards have been removed by parliamentarians who do not understand the technicalities of the subject," he said.[8]
Those opposing the bill's passage also argue that Section 15 allows regulators to prosecute foreign cellular companies for selling unauthorized SIMs. Section 15 reads: "Whoever sells SIMs for use in cellular mobile phones without biometric verification as approved by PTA, shall be punished with imprisonment up to three years and fine up to Rs500, 000."[9]
Section 17 and 18
Wahajus Siraj explained how political criticism and political expression in the form of analysis, commentary, blogs, cartoons, caricatures and memes has been criminalized under sections 17 and 18 of the new bill.[10]
He was critical of Section 18 that deals with offences against the dignity of a person.
Section 18 states that whoever "intentionally publically exhibits or displays or transmits any false intelligence, likely to harm or intimidate reputation or privacy of a person shall be imprisoned for three years and fined Rs500, 000."
It also states, "Nothing [contained herein] shall apply to anything aired by a broadcast media or distribution service licenced under Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Ordinance, 2002." According to Mr Siraj, this law strangles social media but allows everything to continue, as is, on television and in print.
"Sharing videos of former Interior Minister Rehman Malik being off-loaded from an aircraft or the Sharif family's guards beating up employees of a bakery will now be illegal," he said.[11]
Disseminating obscene or immoral messages on Facebook, Twitter or other social networks has been made an offence under Section 20 without defining 'obscenity' or 'immorality', thus giving sweeping powers to investigating agencies to implicate anyone on these charges, he said.
Farieha Aziz, director of Bolo Bhi – an advocacy organization focusing on Internet policy, digital security and privacy – explained how posting a photograph of any person of Facebook or Instagram without their permission would be an offence under Section 20 of the new bill.[12]
Wahajus Siraj was also critical of Section 21.1.d, which prohibits "[taking] a picture of any person and display[ing] or [distributing it] without his consent or knowledge in a manner that harms a person."
Talking about this stipulation, the ISPAK representative asked if uploading a picture of a politician who wears a toupee, without his wig, would be illegal because it could be offensive to that individual personally.
"Section 21 says that sending an email or message without the recipient's permission will become an offence. This means that an expression of consent from a recipient will be needed before texting him or her, without which the end user can report to the law enforcement agencies and have the sender thrown behind bars for anywhere between a few months to several years," Ms Farieha Aziz said.[13]
"….Nowhere in the world is spam a criminal offence, but it is about to become one in Pakistan," said Internet Service Providers Association of Pakistan (ISPAK) Convener Wahajus Siraj.[14]
Critics were also concerned about Section 26 – the definition of service providers – traditionally limited to ISPs and telecom companies. According to the speakers, the definition has now been expanded to include any place that offers access to Internet to the public such as restaurants, malls, hotels, offices, airports bus stations.
"This puts burden on cafes and restaurants to retaining traffic data for three months and they can be punished for not doing so," Ms Aziz explained.[15]
Critics were also critical of Section 31, which supposedly gives the government unfettered powers to block access or remove speech not only on the Internet, but which is transmitted through any device, limiting the media's freedom and citizens' right to expression.
Under this section, the government could block access to any website "in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality…." Who is to decide what undermines the integrity of Pakistan, or its relations with other states?
Who exactly are the "friendly foreign states", and where would countries with which Pakistan has fluctuating ties such as the US be placed? Critics also refer to several other technically flawed and vague definitions that pose threats to ordinary citizens.[16]
Article 34 permits "authorized" officers of the state to block or remove any information if the state:
"Considers it necessary in the interest of the glory of Islam, or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality."[17]
Viewpoint of original drafters of bill
"In its current form, the bill is a disaster. It was not made by an expert draftsman with adequate knowledge of the nuances of language, a comprehension of technicalities and technologies, someone who understands international laws. This is a hard combination to find," Mr Ahmad said.
Mr Ahmad spent three years drafting what he calls "the original bill" alongside a group of IT experts and lawyers. He said that the government had sidelined all the relevant stakeholders from the process of drafting the law.
"Our version of the bill curtailed the abusive powers of agencies such as the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA). We insisted that authorities get permits before making arrests. We had also tried to make sure that innocent people were not thrown in jail," he said, explaining that the bill in its current form did not protect the rights of citizens.
"Our version of the bill emphasized the rights of defendants and the qualifications of judges who would adjudicate on cybercrime cases," said Afaque Ahmad.[18]
Viewpoint of former IT Minister
Former IT minister and MNA Awais Khan Leghari has been insisting on the formation of special courts.
"The present judicial system cannot handle cybercrime cases and it will lead to havoc," Mr Leghari had said during deliberations at one of the meetings of the National Assembly Standing Committee on IT and Telecom[19]
Response of Government officials to criticism
Apparently reacting to media reports highlighting the flaws in the bill, committee chairman, retired Capt Mohammad Safdar said, "All possible efforts have gone into drafting this law and the committee is satisfied," before approving the bill."
State Minister for Information Technology Anusha Rehman responded to the criticism when she explained to the committee that the picture was not as gloomy as painted by the anti-bill lobby.
"The bill protects the interests of foreign investors and offers local businesses a bail out option. It does not hold them responsible for objectionable content placed on the Internet by an individual. It does not criminalize an individual until intent is proven and the bill permits law enforcement agencies to confiscate data and equipment as evidence," Ms Rehman said as she explained how the government did not want IT businesses in the country to suffer.
However, PML-N MNA Farhana Qamar believed that those who committed cyber crimes should be punished harshly.
"We can also not move forward unless judges are trained in the subject to decide cases of cyber crime. Offences relating to information systems are in line with local laws. The law also binds us to cooperate with other countries to fight terrorism," Anusha Rehman said.
PML-N MNA Tahir Iqbal argued that law enforcement agencies should not need a warrant from the courts to make arrests and confiscate data and electronic devices.
"The situation in the country demands immediate action to fight terrorism. Law enforcement agencies do not have time to get warrants and let terrorists win. This is only way to save society," the former army major said.
Defending the bill, Barrister Zafarullah Khan, who is the Prime Minister's Special Assistant on Law Parliamentary Affairs, believed that the language used in the new law on cyber crime was taken from the Constitution.
"Those who challenge it are challenging the Constitution of Pakistan," he said, explaining to the committee that some of the stakeholders' concerns were incorporated and others excluded from the bill.
"It is the job of elected parliamentarians to decide what is best for the masses. The draft presented by the so-called civil society and NGOs claiming to be the voices of the people was riddled with loopholes," Mr Khan said, explaining that the draft bill that is now in the custody of parliament was discussed clause by clause with all stakeholders.[20]
Talking about some of the bill's salient features, a senior MoIT official said the bill was drafted in line with the current legal system to minimize chances of failure in prosecution.
"One of the major challenges was establishing special courts to fight cyber crime. But that would be a time-consuming process. We have to deal with the problem urgently under NAP, hence it was decided that session's judges would be trained in the subject, enhancing their capacity and making them smarter than the person committing the crime," the official said.[21]
Laws of other countries
Around the world, parody and satire are protected as a part of free speech. In the landmark Falwell vs Flynt, the US Supreme Court prohibited awarding damages to public figures to compensate for emotional distress intentionally inflicted upon them because reasonable people would not interpret the parody to contain factual claims.
"Around the world, telecom companies are prosecuted when necessary under the terms and conditions of their licence agreements. The government has now added a section to criminalize the selling of unverified SIMs to subscribers," Mr Siraj said[22]
16th April 2015: The National Assembly Standing Committee on Information Technology approved the Prevention of Electronics Crime Bill, 2015
2nd April 2015: Prevention of Electronic Crimes Bill 2015 has been sent to the National Assembly Standing Committee on IT & Telecom after deliberations by Special Review Committee[23]
24th February 2015: 2nd meeting of Special Review Committee[24]
11th February 2015: Technical committee comprising of technical and legal experts and MNAs has started reviewing the proposed prevention of electronic crime bill 2015[25]
28th February 2014: The Minister of State for IT Mrs. Anusha Rahman has said that the comprehensive draft of cyber crime bill which was finalized few days back has been vetted and endorsed by the Ministry of Law and Justice[26]
14th February 2014: Comprehensive draft of cyber crime bill is finalized[27]
Fahad Nabeel
studies Journalism and Mass Communication from the Virtual University of Pakistan. He has considerably researched on regional geo-political issues and militancy trends.
Find more articles by Fahad Nabeel
Iran nuclear accord with P5+1: Implications and its...


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Is Veeva Systems Stock a Buy Right Now?
By Danny Vena – Jul 1, 2020 at 9:03AM
NYSE: VEEV
Even in the face of the pandemic, the life sciences tech stock is up 67% so far this year. Should you buy one of this year's biggest gainers, or take your money and run?
One of the clear lessons emerging from the pandemic-induced bear market is that not all companies are created equal. While the S&P 500 has struggled to get back to break-even since its late February plunge, some stocks have held up much better during the downturn.
One company that has defied the odds is Veeva Systems (VEEV -0.75%). The customer-relationship management (CRM) software and cloud solutions specialist has significantly outperformed many of its peers, and its stock has climbed even in the face of these historic headwinds.
This raises a question among a growing number of investors: In the face of continued economic and market uncertainty, should investors consider adding Veeva Systems stock to their portfolios right now? Or has the train already left the station?
An indispensable drug development tool
What sets Veeva Systems apart is its unique business model. It helps companies in the life sciences industry manage customer relationships, but that's just the beginning. The software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider offers a cloud-based suite of tools and software that helps with everything from managing the initiation of clinical trials to submitting the results for publication and peer review, and even compiling the results and facilitating the transmission of those results in the proper format to regulators for ultimate approval.
Most importantly, however, the company is able to do all this while protecting patient privacy so that it doesn't rule afoul of healthcare regulations. Veeva also continues to innovate, adding applications, cross-selling new products to existing clients, and making it much less likely that customers will ever leave the platform.
A by-product of the pandemic has been a broad and overarching shift to digital systems, which are right in Veeva Systems' wheelhouse. During the pandemic the company has been providing its remote meeting software to clients free of charge. Veeva also introduced new capabilities that allow study monitors to review and verify source documents remotely, allowing clinical trials to continue without some of the usual face-to-face meetings. It also added tools that helped pharmacy reps request drug samples for physicians remotely. Finally, Veeva's Crossix data platform provided valuable insights into changing patient behavior and the increasing adoption of telehealth.
Impressive quarterly results
While it certainly didn't hurt that Veeva Systems operates in a space with significant tailwinds, that isn't the only thing driving its stock price higher. The company reported first-quarter revenue that grew 38% year over year, while its recurring subscriptions services revenue climbed 36%. Both metrics marked notable accelerations from the prior full-year results, which grew 28% and 29%, respectively. At the same time, non-GAAP or adjusted earnings per share (EPS) increased 32%. Both revenue and EPS easily surpassed analysts' consensus estimates.
It isn't just the financial metrics that made investors increasingly optimistic. The company announced that the Veeva Development Cloud continues to gain traction, adding three additional top-20 pharmaceutical companies during the quarter, bringing its total customer base to 570. Its latest offering, the Veeva Data Cloud, just went live in March, and the company has already signed two "early adopters" for pilot programs, including an emerging biotech and a top-20 pharmaceutical customer.
Other important considerations
In this time of economic uncertainty, it's worth pointing out that Veeva Systems has a rock-solid balance sheet, with $1.38 billion in cash and investments -- and no debt.
It's also important to note that founder and CEO Peter Gassner still owns more than 89% of the company's Class B shares (not a typo) and nearly 52% of the total voting power, so his interests are unequivocally aligned with those of investors.
It's worth noting that the stock is by no means cheap. As of Tuesday's market close, the stock trades at 25 times forward sales -- a ratio of between 1 and 2 is considered good -- so investors have clearly baked an impressive amount of growth into Veeva's current share price.
To put that into perspective, analysts are forecasting sales growth of 26% in the current quarter, 32% for the current year, and 25% next year -- though Veeva has a history of exceeding expectations.
But the most important investing question is "Is Veeva stock a buy right now?" I would argue the answer is "yes."
The company has a large and growing market opportunity that expands with the introduction of each new product or service. It also has a significant moat, due to the complexity added by privacy regulations and the requirements imposed by government regulators. And while there is some competition for a number of Veeva's individual products and services, it simply doesn't have any direct competitor that can meet all the needs of its customers in the life sciences arena.
That said, if you prefer to avoid stocks with high valuations, then Veeva Systems probably isn't the right stock for you.
If, on the other hand, you're willing accept a high valuation for the chance at continuing and extraordinary gains -- and assuming you have an appropriate investing time horizon --then you should probably consider adding Veeva Systems to your portfolio.
Danny Vena owns shares of Veeva Systems. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Veeva Systems. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
$169.25 (-0.75%) $-1.28
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: i need help using the info from other classes in a window? import java.awt.Component;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class CoffeeHomework{

public static void main(String[] args) {

    JFrame window = new JFrame();
    window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    window.setSize(1280, 720);
    window.setVisible(true);
    window.setTitle("Coffee Program");

}  }

I need to get the info from those two classes to show up on a window xc im stumped.
i keep getting problems everytime i try something different so i went back to this .
im fifteen i just picked up programming again recently and yah im just saying all this stuff kuz it wouldnt let me post tada.
    class CoffeeReturn{

 public static double CoffeeCode(double code){

     double price = 0.0;

     if(code == 1101101){

         price = 25.50;

     }
    return price;

}

 public String CoffeeDesc(double code){
     String desc = "Black Coffee";
          if(code == 1101101){
        return desc;

         }
          else{ return "invalid code"; }

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}

A: public static void main(String[] args) {

    JFrame window = new JFrame();
    window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    window.setSize(1280, 720);
    window.setVisible(true);
    window.setTitle("Coffee Program");
    CoffeeReturn yourCoffeeReturn = new CoffeeReturn();
    yourCoffeeReturn.CoffeeDesc(123456);
    CoffeeReturn.CoffeeCode(123456); // this is statis so no need to instantiate a new CoffeeReturn.

}  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
[Preservation Glossary] Today's Word: Historic Fabric
By: Jamesha Gibson
Bousillage infill at a Spanish-Colonial-era house (circa 1780) in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.
We know that a historic building is composed of many diverse materials. Put together, these materials compose the "historic fabric" of a building.
According to Preservation Virginia's Glossary of Historic Preservation Terms, the technical definition of historic fabric is:
Historic Fabric, noun
Original or old building materials (masonry, wood, stone, metals, marbles) or construction.
Under the term "materials," the Architectural Heritage Center's Preservation Glossary further defines historic fabric as: "[material] from a historically significant period, as opposed to material used to maintain or restore a property following its historic period(s)."
Word in Use: "Insulate the attic, basement, and crawl space. About 20 percent of energy costs come from heat loss in those areas. Just take care to avoid materials that can damage historic fabric." – Julia Rocchi, [10 on Tuesday] 10 Ways to Green Your Historic Home
The photo at the top of the post shows the original bousillage infill which composes the historic fabric of a Spanish-Colonial-era house (circa 1780) in Nine Mile Point, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.
Jamesha Gibson is an Editorial Intern at the National Trust. She is passionate about using historic preservation as an avenue for underrepresented communities to share their unique stories. Jamesha also enjoys learning about other cultures through reading, art, language, dancing, and especially cuisine.
Preservation Tips and Tools 9 Questions to Ask When Using Social Media to Save Places
Preservation Tips and Tools 10 Tips for Inspecting Historic Houses Before You Buy
Preservation Tips and Tools 10 Tips to Preserve Places from the Recent Past


Lemon quartz (also known as Oro Verde) is created by heating amethyst, yellow quartz and iron together at extremely high temperatures. This heating process is what gives lemon quartz its brilliant, yellow color.
Oro Verde has a very high clean vibration that may assist those who focus on lack helping shift awareness to a more positive, grateful and open state of being.


identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety.
•	taking action to enable all children and young people to have the best outcomes.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children.
It is a recognition by world leaders that children have human rights and people under 18 often need special care and protection that adults do not.
The Children Act 1989 allocates duties to local authorities, courts, parents, and other agencies in the United Kingdom, to ensure children are safeguarded and their welfare is promoted.
The Department for Education (DfE) provides guidance for local authorities including schools. Schools use this guidance to develop their own policy and procedures which must be followed.
1.2	– describe the role of different agencies involved in safeguarding the welfare of children and young people.
Social workers have a responsibility to provide services for vulnerable children and their families. This might be because parents are struggling to care for their children or when families are trying to cope with challenging situations like imprisonment or alcohol and other drug use. Social workers will always be involved in situations of abuse or harm with children or young people.
The police work closely with children's social care to protect children from harm. The police is there to gather information and decide wether a crime as been committed. If a crime has been committed they will go to the crown prosecution and decide whether a case goes to court.
•	carry out a medical examination or observations of a child thought to be at risk of abuse or who has suffered abuse.
•	contribute to children's social care reports.
•	give evidence in court if a crime has been committed.
The NSPCC is the leading children's charity fighting to end child abuse in the UK, Channel Islands and Isle of Man. They help children who have been abused to rebuild their lives, protect those at risk, and find the best ways of preventing abuse from ever happening.
Schools play a key role in promoting internet safety. A whole school approach to e-safety can help involve staff, governors, parents and pupils themselves in keeping children and young people safe online.
A Local Safeguarding Children Board (LSCB) is a multi-agency body set up in every local authority. However the Chair will work closely with the Director of children services. The role of the LSCB is to: coordinate what is done by everyone on the LSCB to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in the area.
2.1 – identify the symptoms of common childhood illnesses.
2.2 – describe the actions to take when children or young people are ill or injured.
The responsibility of caring for a child who becomes ill is enormous: it is vital that carers should know the signs and symptoms of illness and when to seek medical aid. When a child is taken ill or is injured, it is vital that the parents and guardians are notified as soon as possible.
• You should make sure that you follow the routines that help protect the children from illness e.g. washing your hands while handling with children.
• While you are waiting for parents to arrive read a story to the sick child to make them fell comfy.
• Most work setting have a policy of a writing consent form for their child to have the medication's If the child is injured in my nursery first ask the child if he/she is ok . I would take the child to the first aider in the classroom and explain to the supervisor if had saw what had happen.
If a child has been feeling ill during the day, or has had a minor injury, the school needs to send a report to the parents or carer. Reporting to parents is particularly important when a child has suffered a head bump. Even where there are no obvious symptoms, the parents must be aware of what has happened and the symptoms they should look for.
Information on incidents and accidents must be recorded in the school incident or accident report book. If you have observed an incident or accident you will have to provide details on what occurred and the action you took. You should make notes as soon after the event as possible. A manager or member of staff with the authority to do so will complete and sign the reports. Serious accidents have to be reported to the Health and Safety Executive by law.
2.3 – identify circumstances when children and young people might require urgent medical attention.
When an accident occurs you must always call for immediate help, even if you are a first aider yourself. You must find out what has happened so that accurate information can be given when dialling 999. Other children can become very distressed when they witness an accident, so you should try to remain calm.
•	Do not move the child unless it is absolutely necessary.
•	If children are unconscious they should be put into the recovery position.
•	Do not give the child any food or drink.
•	Keep the child warm, for example, by placing a coat over them.
•	Ensure other children in the area are not at risk of being hurt.
One of the most common conditions in the schools is asthma. In some schools there may be as many as one in four children with this condition. Asthma affects the airways of the lungs. The symptoms are wheezing and coughing. Most children with asthma manage the illness well and carry an inhaler with them. You should know where these are kept and how to support children when using it. When children have an asthmatic attack which is not helped by the inhaler, it is essential to seek medical help.
Many children have allergic reactions, which cause sneezing, wheezing, itchy eyes or swelling. In rare cases children may have severe allergic reactions which can be life-threatening and need immediate treatment. Common triggers for children with anaphylaxis are foods such as eggs, nuts and seafood. Stings from insects can also cause anaphylaxis. Children in anaphylactic shock have difficulty breathing and suffer swelling (which may be in the throat) which is life-threatening. Children who have been diagnosed may have an auto-injection kit of adrenaline (sometimes called an EpiPen) available at the school. Immediate medical help must be sought in the event of a reaction, even if adrenaline has been given.
This gets its name from the sickle-shaped red blood cells which are present in children with the disease. These clump together causing severe pain. This is known as a 'crisis'. The school may have medication to give immediately and you should reassure the child and keep them warm. When children suffer a crisis, you should always seek medical help.
Diabetes happens when the body does not produce insulin. Some children may need to inject themselves with an insulin pen during the school day, so may need a quiet area to do this. Sometimes, following activity or when children have not eaten enough carbohydrates, their blood glucose levels can fall. You need to be aware of the signs of this which include hunger, pallor, a fast pulse, glazed eyes, drowsiness, trembling, vagueness and trembling. This state is called hypoglycaemia (often referred to as a hypo'). When this happens the child requires something sugary such as sweets, glucose tablets or a sugary drink. This is followed by carbohydrates such as biscuits or a cereal bar. Children can usually return to their school work. Immediate medical help will be required if a child continues to show signs of a hypo or they become unconscious.
Security procedures should minimise the risks of children going missing from school, so it is essential that you follow school guidelines. You may be asked to accompany children on school visits and to supervise a group. Staff should make regular checks that all children are present. Some schools require children to wear fluorescent jackets or caps of the same colour, so they can be easily spotted.
Children may o en suffer more than one type of abuse. A child who is being sexually abused, for example, may also be threatened and made to feel worthless.
Bullying is also recognised as a type of abuse. Bullying is always distressing for the victim and can have serious consequences. Bullying should always be taken seriously. Emotional bullying is the most commonly reported by children and young people and is o en more difficult to spot. Bullying can take place both inside and outside of the school.
•	sexual, such as inappropriate physical contact, sexual comments and innuendo, or homophobic taunts.
In recent years, a new form of bullying known as 'cyber-bullying' has become increasingly common. Studies show that one in five children were cyber-bullied in 2008. Cyber-bullying may be emotional, racist or sexual forms of abuse. It happens through emails, text messages or telephone calls. Information about someone may also be shared by putting it on to social networking sites. This can include the sharing of private photographs.
Children and young people who use this method of bullying o en feel disassociated from their actions, but the consequences can be just as serious for the child. This type of bullying can be particularly distressing as children are unable to get away from it. It even invades their home.
Self-harm is when children deliberately hurt themselves. They usually do this secretly and it can involve cutting, burning, pulling out hair or banging their head. Self-harm o en happens as a result of other types of abuse. If you notice signs of self-harm or children tell you that they are harming themselves, you must take the same action as if they are being harmed by another person.
3.2 – describe the risk and possible consequences for children and young people using the internet, mobile phones and other technologies.
•	taking and/or distributing photographs using the Internet.
•	accessing inappropriate information – often accidentally when innocent words are entered into a search engine.
While you must avoid jumping to conclusions you must always be observant. You may notice physical signs or changes in a child's behaviour, or the child may hint or disclose to you that they are being abused or bullied. You must also think about how you would respond if a child were to hint or disclose this to you.
•	make promises to children.
All staff have a duty to comply with policy and procedures. Failure to comply may put children at risk of harm or abuse, so concerns should always be reported to the designated person for safeguarding or the head teacher.
If you have concerns that a colleague is abusing a child, your actions should be exactly the same as if the abuser is a parent, family member or stranger. You must act immediately to protect children by informing the head teacher. If the allegation is against the head teacher, you should report concerns to the designated person for child protection or directly to the Education Authority.
In some circumstances, when a child may be at risk of significant harm, information can be shared without consent with professionals who need to know. Failure to share information has been highlighted in a number of serious child abuse cases. Sharing information ensures that problems are identified early and action is taken when children are thought to be at risk of abuse. There will be systems within your school on ways that this is done. You should always ask for advice before sharing information.


In a paper written in conjunction with Lloyds of London, Dr. Paul Stevens of Chatham House recently predicted that oil could arrive at $200 per barrel by 2013. As the events in the Gulf of Mexico begin to recede from the front pages, the unpleasant price of oil dependence remains starkly clear.
Conventional technologically advanced oil recovery—the offshore, tar sands, and shale sources that policymakers in the 1970s called "traditional alternatives"—has begun to decline, as their production costs rise and their environmental impact becomes a political imperative. Stevens' prediction, based largely on an analysis of increased Asian demand, brings more gloomy news, especially for those who believe in the close connection between oil prices and the world economic health.
A similar crisis arose thirty years ago, when an increasingly integrated global economy faced oil prices that quadrupled in 1973-1974 and more than doubled again between 1978 and 1980. In 1980, Jimmy Carter declared foreign oil dependence "a clear and present danger to our Nation's security." But, by 1982, the traditional alternatives, as well as other new production, brought supply in line with demand and oil prices dropped. Ronald Reagan had the solar panels installed by Carter on the White House roof removed in 1986.
Today, as the recent debate over offshore drilling has shown, many commentators employ the lessons of the past to hold that a strong position by the federal government will do little to ameliorate our energy problems. Some analysts, often taking a strident ideological position, argue that the combination of an always-innovative energy industry and the free market will again resolve the dilemma of global energy upheavals. Others, historians of science and technology who put forward a more nuanced position, still essentially hold a similar belief: In a century of stunning technological advances, most critical breakthroughs have rarely occurred as a result of government policy, but rather as a confluence of individual creativity and steadily growing scientific knowledge.
That was then. This is now. The emphasis on traditional alternatives in the 1970s and 1980s led to problems within a global society that remains, in the words of the Group of 77, "unduly oil-oriented." The changes in the world economy fueled by the explosive growth of those decades, as much a result of relatively inexpensive energy as anything else, today points towards oil's decline.
Nowhere else are the problems of energy dependence more disturbing than in American diplomacy. Even though the Obama administration's national security strategy, released in late May, emphasizes the deepening of relations with increasingly assertive "emerging centers of influence"—China, India, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa—relations have floundered, especially in energy diplomacy. Most recently, Turkey and Brazil reached a deal with Iran for the shipment of enriched uranium abroad, in spite of Washington's misgivings. This setback followed the Copenhagen climate summit last December, when U.S. suggestions were hauled over the coals by an informal alignment of developing nations, including China, India, Brazil, and South Africa.
Given the gravity with which most experts view our energy future, government policy needs to stand at the forefront of changing the national and international energy infrastructure. Major new investment in energy alternatives, well above the levels currently considered by the energy industry and the current bills before Congress, is necessary.
It is clear that Obama understands the imperative of a green energy revolution. Yet, the administration has offered few specifics, despite opportunities to orchestrate such change. If the government ups the ante in a comprehensive energy bill, perhaps by transferring a large part of the Senate's recent $35 billion subsidy to the oil industry to research and design of alternative sources, it will be easier to draw the colossal investment necessary for the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
This substantial increase in government funding will mitigate many potential problems. Most broadly, by pushing industry to do away with the pathologies of oil dependence, such a policy would help diversify the domestic economy. In the field of diplomacy, more specifically, the escalation of home-grown energy technology will have multiple uses. Foremost, in the ideological frame of promoting a global green revolution, technology transfers will help the major developing nations that stand at the center of the national security strategy to overcome the considerable barriers to clean and sustainable economic development.
Christopher R. W. Dietrich is a PhD Candidate at the University of Texas at Austin and Smith-Richardson Fellow in International Security Studies at Yale University.


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Tough Like a Girl #60 – Spider-Woman Shifting Gears: Baby Talk
What happens with a superhero takes on a whole new challenge: motherhood? Lis and Vera are here to find out.
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Tags: comic book review, Marvel, Spider-Woman
4 responses to "Tough Like a Girl #60 – Spider-Woman Shifting Gears: Baby Talk"
Impressive podcast most impressive.This is Liz Anne Oswalt. Hi Lis. Hi Vera. I always liked spider woman. From her 70s run and cartoon. As well as her return in the avengers.BMS had done one thing I like to bring her back. The funny part is any spider girl comic Jessica son becomes the Spiderman of the world. Since Peter Parker had to retire. Granted he was really a superhero because his mother was spider woman. But for whatever reason he dressed like a Parker Spiderman. He did not however have the sting well the venom power that Jessica has. I am curious as to why she didn't use that in her fight with the skrulls. Would that have caused something in her body to harm her unborn child? She has used in the past incapacitate people. Including her fight with Wolverine.
She didn't knock out with that she's judo throwed him on his butt and used a shot. His healing factor kept him going. She didn't know at the time it was him he snuck up on her. Still why she needed to use a headset or take down on a scroll and grab the gun instead of just doing that is beyond me. Also the woman next to her is of the same race as gladiator. You're telling me a pregnant superwoman can't take care of two skrulls? I'm guessing that's it's use since she's dressed like gladiator blue and has the trademark Mohawk. At any rate looks like a decent enough story. They don't really see Carol and Jessica being best of friends. At least not the Jessica I read in the 80s. She was best friends with Tiger that made more sense.
So when she Hulk and heck Cat bring her baby supplies that makes sense. I think that's Patsy at the end. I'm guessing that's who that is. Also if these are male Skrulls. What is its use her pheromone powers? Yes she too had that cringing power that everyone hates that Eros has. Anyway the coming doesn't look too bad. But she seems to have lost her unique personality. She was kind of the creepy hammer type of vampire woman. Only without being a vampire. Kind of a goth chick before there were goth chicks. And he was also a detective. This character just doesn't seem like the same person. People do changes they get older. But, she seems like a completely different character.
Mean even her villains are these creepy weird creatures. She fought the needle a man who hypnotized people and sold their mouths shut. She fought the Brothers Grimm. Yet the two weird guys in the death masks. It just like circus performers not only were they her enemies. But in their civilian identities they lived in the same house that Jessica did. Their mother had rented out a room that Jessica was using when she was a detective. In San Francisco. The goth angle had been played down when Jessica was brought back in the West Coast avengers without her spider woman powers. Thanks to her old friend Tiger of being able to take her out of her coma.
After she was put in there with her battle with Morgana LaFey. This is the second time there's been a connection to the Morgan myth in ya'lls podcast. Since Morgana Lafayette was partially based on the myth of the Morgan. Before being added to the whole King Arthur thing. At any rate the Skrulls have been both the tragic characters from that movie I won't name. And the goofy creatures you see here. Since at one point they had a contest with the Kree to see which race was more scientific. They won the Cree cheated and then proceeded to try to wipe them out. Killing the people that awarded the prize. And stealing a price for themselves. Thus the big Kree and Skrull war began with that. Anny way weird they changed her look since that look was created by Marie Severin.
But, the high evolution are no longer appears in any of her stories. Odd since her father was working with him when they next the spider DNA with hers. To save her from a spider bite and kept her from dying. Still, Fleisher on his run had cut out most of the macabre stuff that was in her comic when he made her a bounty Hunter. Before her becoming a private eye. Before her going into limbo and all. She even dated a shield agent for a while. They had to give her a Steve Trevor of her own. Anyway I like this new version of her well enough but I always see Caroline Munro when I think of how spider woman would look in live-action. So this new version is a little jarring to me. But, characters change. I can't see the 70s version of spider woman ever wearing that outfit.
But, I guess it works for her. Since it doesn't say I will see making my own personal mental continuity that Gary's father is…Wendell Vaughn. Can't wait to hear the next pod cast.
Also Marry Christmas. Happy Holloways. Happy Hanukkah and happy Kwanzaa. Happy Winter solstice. And happy Saturn day. (The Titan who was Zuzas' Day.)
Hi, Lis and Vera!
This is another series I've read on Marvel Unlimited, plus Spider-Woman's previous series which introduced this version of her costume. Ah, the fanboys who were so upset that Jessica was dressed in a somewhat realistic outfit, rather than a cross between spandex and body paint. While Jess doesn't sport it much in the story, I think it's a great look and really appreciated this trend for superheroine costumes, also seen with Carol's Captain Marvel and Batgirl of Burnside.
The story here was so much fun. I had lots of sympathy for very pregnant Jess struggling with being active. My wife was a reporter at a small newspaper, still covering police and fire stories when she was 8 months pregnant with the twins. She finally backed off when climbing hills got her winded. In case you're wondering, my wife is (in her own words) a tough bird. 🙂
I really loved the story being Die Hard with a pregnant woman. Just as capable as any hero, very powerful, smart, and saving the day. The artwork is clean and energetic, a style I'm seeing a lot from Marvel lately, so that's a win. It's on my "to reread" list when I get thru my "to read" list, and I think you know how long THAT is.
Let's see, I've also read the 2014 Katana series by Ann Nocenti, and ehhhh it was ok but I had problems with it. But also finished the 2019 Black Cat series. Now that was fun! Basically heist stories, one after the other. Her supporting cast is great, solid artwork, I had a blast. I will be reading the follow up 2020 series soon-ish.
Happy new year, my punchers!
Brian Linton says:
My only exposure to Spider-Woman is through the old cartoon series, but I've heard lots of great things about this particular run. I actually have a niece who I'm told is a Spider-Woman fan. She's only in the 1st grade, so I may need to wait a few years before I get her this book. Now, I just need to write a reminder for myself, and put it some place where I won't loose it in the next few years….
Thanks, for another remarkable episode.
Pod Dylan #193 - One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below)


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'I've been lazy and too chilled out, I'm being more serious now' explains Hull FC's Jake Connor
The Hull FC centre is taking his game more serious in a bid to improve
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There was once a time when Jake Connor was floating along and lacking awareness about just how good at rugby league he actually was. That seems to have stopped now.
The penny has dropped and the talented back is now edging towards realising his potential.
The Hull FC star has come a long way since his inconsistent days at Huddersfield Giants. His role was a little bit more defined during his first year with the Black and Whites as he earned an interchange position before breaking into the regular starting spots at centre.
Now the 23-year-old is relishing both the opportunity to start regularly at right centre this season and the chance to announce himself on the world stage when Hull face Wigan Warriors in round two of the Super League season tomorrow in Wollongong.
Hull FC in Australia: Danny Houghton pays tribute to travelling FC fans as visiting numbers revealed
WIN Stadium is the venue for a contest that will not only provide FC fans with the unique chance to watch their heroes in action but also it's a game that could propel certain individuals forward in their own careers.
"In previous years I have probably been a bit lazy and too chilled out," Connor told the Mail. "This year I have realised I need to have a dig. I'm taking things a bit more serious and that's what I have done. It's only the start of the season so we will see how we go."
Coach Lee Radford previously stated Connor has the ability to be anything he wants to be, comments which the outside back has certainly taken note of.
"It's nice to have the backing of the coaching staff but it provides pressure to perform as well. I try not to think into it too much," Connor continued. "I've worked hard this pre-season and I know what I need to do and what I want. I have had multiple conversations with the coaching staff and I've got the backing from them and I just need to perform now. I feel centre is my best position and I like running the hard lines."
Mark Minichiello on his fight for a new Hull FC deal and how long he can play on for
Connor is one of the dark horses to star in full view of the watching eyes of the avid Australian rugby league public.
Whilst the back is naturally drawn by the NRL, a move there is not in his immediate plans but he is hoping to still make his mark at WIN Stadium.
"It's a massive sport in Australia and a lot of people will be tuning in as well," Connor continued.
"It's big for the players because we get a chance to showcase our skills and display how good Super League is. We want to put a show on. There are some quality players in Super League. Money wise there is more in the NRL but we can be just as good as them on the day and we want to prove that.
"We have got Wigan this weekend and we want to prove our worth against them and then there is St George Illawarra the following week and that's us against the Aussies. For me personally I have never really thought too much about the NRL but never say never."
Sean O'Loughlin identifies what Wigan Warriors must do to beat Hull FC
As for the trip itself, Connor believes the tour of Australia show just how much the club is developing and striving to move forward.
"It shows we are going places and it's a massive club with a big following and the chairman has put a lot of time and money into things," Connor added. "We are all grateful for this opportunity."
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