[ GENEVA] The United States warned China on Thursday that it had not done enough to qualify for market economy status, especially in steel and aluminium, sowing the seeds for a trade battle between Washington and Beijing at the end of 2016.
Upon China's admission to the WTO in 2001, it was told by other members that they would not use its published, state-controlled prices to judge whether or not it was "dumping"exports unfairly in their markets, but rather "surrogate" prices reflecting what it should be charging without state subsidies.
That was written into its WTO membership agreement in a clause that would expire after 15 years, on Dec 11, 2016.
US trade diplomat Chris Wilson told the WTO meeting that the expiry of the clause did not require other WTO members to automatically grant China market economy status on Dec 11.
Instead, China must establish under each WTO member country's domestic law that it is a market economy, he said, according to an outline of his remarks seen by Reuters. "Second, there is little doubt that China's market reforms have fallen short of the expectations that were held by many members when China joined the WTO," he said. "This is particularly evident in the steel and aluminum industries where China's pervasive interventions have led to a significant overcapacity of global supply that is threatening the viability of competitive firms in these industries around the world."
However, the Chinese official said its expiration would eliminate the legal basis for countries to continue to use"discriminatory anti-dumping methodology" against China, the WTO official said.
The WTO official said it was believed to be the first time the United States had responded to China on the issue at the WTO. US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew said last month that the stance on China's market economy would be determined ultimately by the US Commerce Department.


text:
Hugh Hefner dies at 91
Sep. 27, 2017 Updated: Oct. 12, 2020 11:43 a.m.
June 30, 1957, California, Hollywood, Hugh Hefner (with Joan Bardshaw) at a Playboy Party at the home of photographer Earl Leaf.
Publisher Hugh Hefner looks over proof sheets for his magazine Playboy, in Chicago, on June 20, 1961.
Playboy magazine publisher Hugh Hefner poses with "bunny-girl" hostess Bonnie J. Halpin at Hefner's nightclub in Chicago, on June 20, 1961.
Playboy boss Hugh Hefner, right, and Barbi Benton are pictured on their arrival at Gatwick Airport from Copenhagen, Sept. 3, 1969, London, England.
Hugh Hefner, publisher and owner of Playboy magazine, and his girlfriend Barbara Benton, 19-year-old coed turned actress, are surrounded by Bunny Girls at the Playboy Club in London, on Sept. 5, 1969.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SEWANEE, Tenn. - The Sewanee field hockey team used a 12th-minute goal and strong defense to defeat the Pioneers of Transylvania, 1-0, Sunday evening from Puett Field.
-In the 13th minute, after Milly Etheridge took a penalty corner, she was set for Ceara Caffrey's pass to score what would be the lone goal of the contest.
-In the second half, the Tigers held the Pioneers to just one shot and two penalty corners as the visitors were held scoreless for 70 minutes.
-Milly Etheridge struck for the lone goal on five shots, three on goal.
-Ceara Caffrey recorded the assist, and also took two shots.
-Rachel Blum (3-2) saved four shots for the clean sheet.
-Caroline Patrick recorded three shots, two on goal, to lead the Pioneers.
-Allyson Benz (1-10) saved eight shots in full time.
Sewanee's season-long homestand concludes Monday night with a non-conference matchup with Roanoke.


text:
Reviews	Science & Society
A COVID-19 time capsule captures pandemic moments for future researchers
Social scientists selected photos, charts and even a tweet
In an interview accompanying his time capsule selection, historian Jelani Cobb of Columbia University said he chose this image of a bike messenger in front of a boarded-up luxury store because "it said a lot to me about how different people were experiencing this pandemic."
Jelani Cobb
By Sujata Gupta
Imagine if, at the height of the 1918 flu pandemic, researchers studying how society was changing had captured the moment in a time capsule. What information might social scientists today have gleaned from such an effort? How might that repository inform the global response to the current pandemic? Theoretically such an artifact could be buried somewhere, but for now, researchers are out of luck.
When the next pandemic invariably strikes, though, social scientists might find themselves better situated. The nonprofit Social Science Research Council, based in Brooklyn, N.Y., has assembled a collection of images that aims to freeze in time the myriad ways the COVID-19 crisis is transforming societies worldwide. And unlike time capsules of yesteryear, this version will live entirely online. The capsule currently includes an eclectic mix of photographs, charts and even a drawing appearing to depict infectious diseases expert Anthony Fauci as a saint.
Alondra Nelson, president of the council, says she and colleagues knew by spring that the pandemic was going to trigger massive societal change. Council staff came up with numerous initiatives to help scientists discuss and study those changes, including grants for COVID-19 research. With support from outside sponsors, council staffers also set up an essay forum in which scientists evaluated the pandemic from varying vantage points — from its effect on democracy to what society might look like in the aftertimes. The group also began a crowdsourced "syllabus" covering scholarly and creative writings addressing all things pandemic.
Among the images included in a COVID-19 time capsule curated by social scientists is this drawing of Anthony Fauci.Daniel Stetson
But Nelson also wanted to capture the flood of images emerging from such a massive global upheaval. That led to the idea of a visual time capsule. Starting in the spring, the council began asking prominent researchers to select any image that spoke to their understanding of the crisis and then explain the choice in an interview.
Some researchers honed in on how the pandemic illuminated the United States' racial and socioeconomic disparities, while others went more obscure or even darkly humorous, including, for example, a graphic asking viewers if they want to pay by Visa, Mastercard or toilet paper. So far, the time capsule consists of 21 images and corresponding interviews.
What's most striking when viewing the images in aggregate is that, in the midst of a pandemic that has taken more than 1.3 million lives as of mid-November, few images speak directly to death or dying. More common are depictions of everyday life, such as a screenshot of a virtual classroom. There are also individuals, mostly people of color, still going about their jobs in person: A Black worker cleans a chair in a U.S. Senate chamber. A Black bike messenger passes a boarded-up Louis Vuitton store to make a delivery.
This catalog is both academic and personal. Economic sociologist Brooke Harrington of Dartmouth College selected an image of a Danish mother and son waiting to enter a school building in April. Harrington says the photo is a reminder that had she stayed in Denmark, where she worked for nearly a decade, that could have been her standing in line with her own son. Instead, her boy is attending school from home, and Harrington, like so many working parents, especially mothers, is simultaneously juggling work and family. "If you're asking me in my capacity as an individual trying to stay alive and do my job in 2020, this is what is at the forefront of my mind," she told Science News.
The problem of shuttered day care and schools in the United States and elsewhere is ongoing. But other images in the collection remind present-day viewers of moments that may have already been forgotten amid a frenetic news cycle. Consider the image of the Diamond Princess cruise ship berthed in Yokohama, Japan. After hundreds of passengers fell ill with the coronavirus in February, nobody on the ship was allowed to disembark for weeks. Remember when the passengers' plight was the news du jour? I didn't.
Which perhaps illustrates the point of preserving these moments in perpetuity.
About Sujata Gupta
Sujata Gupta is the social sciences writer and is based in Burlington, Vt.
Hayabusa2's asteroid dirt may hold clues to the early solar system
History reveals how societies survive plagues
By Nancy Shute June 14, 2020
When will the coronavirus pandemic and social distancing end?
By Jonathan Lambert March 24, 2020


December 6th at the mo. of the Leagle—. A Dark wet morning I was informed this morning that Capt Lewis passd by this place yesterday on his way to St Louis accompanied by an Officer.  I set out this morning 〈about〉 at 11 oClock, after receiving a Small Supply of Provisions on Board; (1) passed a Bieaue [bayou] which Comunicates with Leagle Creek (2) passed the Lower Point of the first Island at ½ a mile also the upper point at 2½ miles, a Small creek of runing water opposite on the Larbd. Side.  Passed a Small Isld. near the middle of the river nearly opposite the upper point of the last on the Larbd. Side of this Island the current is verry Swift, Seting imediately against the high lands, which terminates in a Bluff at the river (3) pass'd a Small Creek of running water on the Larbd. Side above the last Island (4) passd. the mouth of a Small Creek Lbd Side Called little Rock Creek,  Several Settlements are formed on this Creek also on the River above its mouth (5) passed two Islands  on the Larbd. Side, one of those Islands large and lies near the main Shore the other verry Small with a large Sand bar—; the head of those two Ilds. are imedeately below the Meremeck River  (6) passed the mouth of the Merrenek and came to at a farm ¾ of a mile above,  this River is about 110 yards wide at its mouth.
N. 10° E. 1 12 3 ¾ To a pt. on Lbd. Side (3) psd. a smal Creek Lbd.
Side abv. the last Island.
2 farms above (5) psd. 2 Isd. Lbd side.


text:
Don't Talk to Police! Legal Behavior Justified a Search
By The Daily Bell Staff - February 20, 2018
It was legal to carry weed in his car when he was in Washington state.
But now he was in Indiana, pulled over for a broken headlight. The cop didn't smell anything suspicious, nor did he suspect the driver of being impaired. But he did ask some questions.
And that is where the driver screwed up. It is hard in the moment. An intimidating person with a gun is interrogating you. But you have got to stay calm and say in the most polite possible way that you will be exercising your right to remain silent.
Try something like, "With all due respect sir, I make it a habit not answer questions without a lawyer present." The police officer may try to intimidate and bully you, but he cannot establish probable cause based on your refusal to answer his questions.
The cop asked the driver if he had any marijuana in the car. The driver said no. The cop then asked if the driver had ever had any marijuana in the car. The driver said that when he was in Washington state, he did carry marijuana in the car, which is legal there.
Even though the man was admitting only to legal behavior, the police officer used this fact to justify ordering a canine unit to the scene. The dog alerted the officers to drugs, and a search turned up a small amount of marijuana and a hallucinogen called DMT.
The man's lawyer tried to have the evidence suppressed based on the fact that the officer did not legally establish probable cause to order a canine unit. The stop extended beyond a reasonable time frame while waiting for the drug sniffer to arrive.
But the court ruled that since the driver admitted to possessing marijuana in the car in the past, it was reasonable for the officer to assume he may still possess marijuana.
The judges explained while police can ask questions about unrelated criminal activity during a traffic stop, Toschlog was under no obligation to answer the officer's questions regarding the past presence of drugs in his vehicle.
"His choice to do so and to disclose inculpatory information — i.e., that he had previously had drugs in his car — provided the officer with reasonable suspicion to believe at that point that Toschlog currently had marijuana in his vehicle," the judges said.
This just goes to show that even admitting to legal behavior can allow officers to uncover a crime. This case is obvious, but there are so many crimes on the books, that you might not even realize you have broken one. That is why it is always best to avoid answering questions.
Police are trained to look for ways to make you trip up. What may seem like an innocent line of questioning is really an officer digging for suspicion, probable cause, and legal infractions.
It is always better to remain silent.
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Dominant superpowers don't accumulate $30 trillion in debt
Tagged with: cops, marijuana, police, remain silent, traffic stop


text:
Anduril er i Ringenes Herre trilogien navnet på det forhenværende sværd, Narsil som blev ødelagt under et stort slag for menneskeheden. Sværdet Narsil blev derefter omsmedet, så det nu hedder Anduril. Sværdet Anduril bliver præsenteret i den sidste af Ringenes Herre bøgerne hvor den bliver båret af Aragorn søn af Arathorn.

Ringenes Herre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Literary: The Second World War, Volume 4 "The Hinge of Fate", Various material., Feb 1942 - Oct 1953
Reference Code: GBR/0014/CHUR 4/298
Churchill Archives Centre
The Papers of Sir Winston Churchill
Churchill Papers, 1945-1965
Literary, 1924 - 1965
Includes correspondence on corrections to be made to Volume 4 of "The Second World War" from individuals including: Denis Kelly (5); Charles Wood; WSC on a reference to [?Reginald] Dorman Smith; Sir Norman Brook [later 1st Lord Normanbrook, Secretary to the Cabinet]; 1st Lord Ismay on the need to amend a reference to Gandhi taking glucose during his fast; the Visconde de Meirelles on the use of 'neutral' planes during the war; [George] Gordon Allen; Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pownall (2); Major-General Alexander Gatehouse; and "Jock" [Sir John] Colville. Also includes notes and copies of correspondence from WSC and Lettice Marston [later Lettice Shillingford, Secretary to WSC] and "N S" ["Jo" Sturdee, later Lady Onslow, Secretary to WSC].Some source material is also present in the file including information (dating to May 1943) on the distribution of troops in the Mediterranean area and copies of two directives from Adolf Hitler on German operations in the Soviet Union (dating to April and July 1942).Most material in the file dates to 1951-1953.
Feb 1942 - Oct 1953
1 item(s) (1 file (63 loose folios))
Asia-Pacific War, 1941-1945
Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer, Sir, 1874 - 1965 (Knight, statesman and historian)
India (nation)
Second World War (1939-1945)
The digital edition of the Churchill Papers is published by Bloomsbury Academic and is available online to subscribing institutions
Part of the Churchill Archives Centre Repository
The Churchill Archives Centre website
Churchill College
Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0DS United Kingdom
archives@chu.cam.ac.uk
Literary: The Second World War, Volume 4 "The Hinge of Fate", Various material., Feb 1942 - Oct 1953, GBR/0014/CHUR 4/298. The Papers of Sir Winston Churchill, GBR/0014/CHAR and CHUR. Churchill Archives Centre.
Literary: The Second World War, Volume 4 "The Hinge of Fate", Various material., Feb 1942 - Oct 1953, GBR/0014/CHUR 4/298. The Papers of Sir Winston Churchill, GBR/0014/CHAR and CHUR. Churchill Archives Centre. https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/archival_objects/1427183 Accessed February 01, 2023.


text:
God has a sense of humor
If you don't think God likes to laugh, you just need read the book of Esther. Pay special attention to the character named Haman in the story, because he's the one that really cracks God up. Haman was promoted to No. 2 in the Persian Kingdom, and he definitely thought he was all that and a bag of doughnuts. It is clear all through the story, but you can see it best in Chapter 6. That's when the king can't sleep, so he calls for his servants to bring him the chronicles. This was the book in which everything that happened in the kingdom was recorded, and the king figured hearing that read to him would knock him out quickly.
Meanwhile, back at No. 2's ranch, gallows are being built 75 feet high, upon which Haman plans to hang his arch-enemy Mordecai the next morning. See, Mordecai is the only man in the kingdom who will not bow and scrape whenever Haman passes by, so the big H is planning the little M's demise. This is where God starts to chuckle, because there is one problem with Haman's plan.
You see, the servant who opens the chronicles to read so the king can sleep just happens to turn to an event that happened five years prior. That was the time when two of the king's servants plotted his assassination, but Mordecai overheard them. Little M reported the plot to the queen, and the king's life was spared. Fast-forward five years to the king with insomnia. When the king heard this story of the assassination plot, he shot up in bed, his stocking cap all askew, and asked what had been done to reward this man Mordecai for saving his life. Nothing. Nothing? The king was incredulous that the man had not even received a thank-you note or a T-shirt that said "I saved the king." He wanted to reward him that day, so he asked who was in the court that could help him with this.
By this time, God is bent double with laughter, because Haman himself had just arrived in the outer court, intent on asking the king if he could go ahead and hang Mordecai on the brand-new gallows. When he was asked to come in because the king wanted to see him, he thought to himself that this was going to be easier than he had imagined. The king asked Haman breathlessly, "What should be done to the man whom the king delights to honor?" Haman assumed the king was being coy and was asking how Haman could best be honored. It just gets better and better, doesn't it?
Haman lays it on thick, suggesting the king's horse for the honoree, and a royal robe and a royal crown. He said that a noble servant should walk ahead of the horse and cry out that this is the way the king honors those in whom he delights. He beamed as he said this to the king, and waited for his due reward.
By this time, God is on the floor trying to catch his breath. Because then the king says that Haman's plan sounds perfect. Yes, my lord? And that Haman should hurry to take the robes and the horse. Yes, my lord? And do all that you have said to Mordecai the Jew.
I wish I could have seen Haman's face at that time, and his expression as he went and told Mordecai what the king had said.
God laughs at the plans of the wicked, and he blesses the humble.
This is why we love justice
Where did the years go?
We are raising adults, not children


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Goodbye Yosemite, for now ..
Yosemite is an amazing place, and I recommend it to anyone that can make the trip. I enjoyed the relaxing setting, and the many scenic views. There was always a blue sky, the the weather was perfect. We saw less wildlife than expected, but the landscape more than compensated for that.
I'll write up a separate blog post about things to see and do .. for now, it is time to head back to Salt Lake City, and then on to Ohio. Take care my friends.


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If you have a cat, you may already be aware that it is sometimes difficult to notice when they are having an ailment or condition that needs attention. Cats are very good at hiding their symptoms, so it is important to routinely observe their actions in case they need medical help. A urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the conditions that may go unnoticed unless you are aware of the signs your cat will display if they need help. Here is some information about feline urinary tract infections and what to do if you suspect your cat is suffering from one.
What Happens If My Cat Has A UTI?
In felines, a urinary tract infection is often caused by the type of diet the cat eats. If they do not have enough moisture in their food, their chances at getting a urinary tract infection increases. Cats of all ages can get a urinary tract infection. In a female, the condition is bacterial and will cause some pain in the genital area when the cat tries to urinate. In males, the condition will obstruct the flow of urine, which is extremely painful and should be treated by a veterinarian right away.
In male cats, the symptoms of a urinary tract infection are easier to spot as they will most likely become aggressive. The cat may walk around the house hissing or yowling and it may have the tendency to lash out at someone who tries to pet it. In both males and females there will be excessive licking of the genital area in an attempt to relieve pain. The cat may get in and out of the litter box several times in a short time span, and there may be no urine output during their visits.
Check the litter box for signs of blood and observe your cat each time it gets into the litter box. If it appears to be straining, if the urine comes out in small dribbles, or if there is a pungent ammonia odor when the cat uses the litter box, there may be a problem. Cats will often increase their water intake, making the pain worse as a result.
What Should I Do If I Suspect A UTI?
If you suspect your cat is suffering from this condition, do not waste time and get them to an emergency veterinarian. Do not wait out the condition until the next morning if your cat is struggling during the night. Waiting to get help for a urinary tract infection is not recommended, as there is risk of kidney damage that could escalate into a life-threatening situation. A professional emergency vet, like Robert Irelan DVM, will determine if your cat can be healed using antibiotics or if surgery is necessary to remove the obstruction.


Abstract: Background: To evaluate the recent frequency of onset and severity of IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) in Fukushima Prefecture, we examined the epidemiology and clinico-pathological manifestations of IgAVN in our hospital over a 10-year period. Methods: We enrolled 18 patients with IgAVN treated between 2004 and 2013 in the Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine. These patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 consisted of 12 patients with IgAVN hospitalized between 2004 and 2008 and Group 2 consisted of 6 patients with IgAVN hospitalized between 2009 and 2013. The epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory data, pathological findings, and outcome were retrospectively compared between the two groups. Results: The numbers of patients with IgAVN per year in Group 2 were lower than that in Group 1. The frequency of patients with higher than grade IIIb disease in Group 2 (50%) was lower than that in Group 1 (94%); furthermore, the frequency of patients with higher than grade IV disease in Group 2 (0%) was lower than that in Group 1 (50%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the incidence of onset and severity of IgAVN in patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2013 were lower than those in patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008.


text:
Dr Joshi cautions Government against Waiver Authority Blll
| Published: Thursday, March 30, 2006, 17:41 [IST]
New Delhi, Mar 30 (UNI) Former Union Minister and BJP senior leader Murli Manohar Joshi today expressed his apprehensions about the Bush Administration's "Waiver Authority Bill" (WAB) related to the Indo-US Nuclear Deal and demanded the government make public the details of the Bill.
"The Government wants to be transparent on the deal. Then why it is not sharing with the people of the country the details of the WAB," Dr Joshi asked.
Addressing a press conference, he also wanted a categorical assurance from Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in both Houses of Parliament that WAB would not affect in any way the country's ongoing nuclear programme.
If the US Congress passed the Bill, introduced on March 16, would it be possible for India to either reject it or approach the US to reconsider the clauses, he asked.
The former BJP President maintained that the agreement placed a cap on India's nuclear weapon capabilities thus endangering its security environment and puts its civilian programme under perpetual inspection by IAEA. Besides the deal also compromised the country's energy security.
Dr Joshi said the Government must take the people in confidence what was its response to the WAB. ''What is our Foreign Secretary doing there?'' he asked.
Specifically referring to the section 1(a) of the WAB which authorises the US President to waive certain provisions of the US Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) with respect to India, he said that through a ''very cleverly drafted Bill the US wants to impose qualitative and quantitative ceilings on India's nuclear deterrent capabilities and to ensure that India never emerges as a full nuclear-weapons state." Dr Joshi said while the nuclear states would remain free to conduct nuclear explosions India would be prohibited to do so.
The Bill, he said, had sought that India support international efforts to prevent the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technology.
Besides it also sought an undertaking from India to work with the United States for the conclusion of a multilateral Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty.
Once these clauses were accepted India would not be able to conduct any nuclear tests and even its nuclear programmes would get hampered, he claimed.
Under sub section (d), Dr Joshi said, India would be permanently precluded from conducting any nuclear explosive test. Any violation of this blanket ban would lead to the cessation of the fuel supply to its civilian nuclear programme, he explained.
The BJP leader said since the US President would be empowered to decide the violation, India's entire nuclear programme (civilian and military) would depend upon the determination by the US More UNI KAS/MCN RP BD1709
Story first published: Thursday, March 30, 2006, 17:41 [IST]
Vistara pilot issues 'Mayday call' due to low-fuel near Lucknow airport, DGCA grounds him


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A restaurant business plan should have all of the elements of a standard business plan. The major difference is that you will need to provide information on the type of food you will serve and the serving style of your restaurant. This information is needed because all restaurants are not exactly the same. There are limited service restaurants and full service restaurants. You need to identify the type of restaurant you own in a restaurant business plan. A limited service restaurant is usually has a "fast food" serving style and a full service restaurant usually has a "sit down" serving style. Both types of restaurants can offer carry-out or delivery options.
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Depending on the type of restaurant you own, your restaurant business plan should outline your specialty. If your restaurant is a delicatessen or buffet, you need to explain that. The same goes if your restaurant specializes in serving soul food or food from the Caribbean. Discussing your specialty in your restaurant business plan will help you distinguish the business from the competition. This is especially important if you plan on approaching lenders and/or investors for funding. They will want to know what makes your restaurant different from the competition and how you will capitalize on those differences.
Your restaurant business plan should include at least three years of financial projections. Financial projections are the most important part of a business plan. It describes your expenses, what you're selling (and for how much) and how much revenue you estimate you can earn over a period of time. This is the part of the restaurant business plan that lenders and/or investors will focus on the most. It helps them determine whether or not your business is worthy of external financing. Well written financial projections will help increase your chances of being able to raise funding. Need Business Funding? CLICK HERE!
Writing a plan for your restaurant business can take a lot of time and effort, especially if you are doing it alone. I strongly suggest you seek expert help. Working with an expert who is familiar with your industry and understands what type of restaurant business plan lenders and investors want to see will help you get the funding you need to grow. If you're interested in learning more about how one of our business plan writers can assist you, contact us today for more information.


GIACOMO BALLERINI - Vox, Guitars, Loop ENZO LOMBARDI - Vox, Harp, Guitars -------------------------------------------------------- The "Cats & Dogs" is a Tuscany based acoustic duo formed in april 2014. From the beginning till now, they performed more than 380 concerts in multiple contexts, they are also resident performers in some of the best live music venues both inside and outside of Tuscany. They offer a wide repertoire of hits and oldies featuring pop music, blues and soul, rock'n'roll and country, latin and bossanova, traditional music, all played with personal arrangements and groovy medleys. They perform more than 100 songs of artists such as Jamiroquai, Chuck Berry, Adele, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Edoardo Bennato, The Rolling Stones, Bo Diddley, Stevie Wonder, Ed Sheeran, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Rag'n'Bone Man, Dire Straits, Pino Daniele, Jimi Hendrix, Johnny Cash, Bruno Mars, The Eagles, Vinicio Capossela, B.B.King, Frank Sinatra, Lady Gaga, Brunori sas, Simon & Garfunkel, Eric Clapton, Fabrizio De André, Depeche Mode, Bob Marley, Neil Young, Otis Redding, John Legend, Paolo Conte, John Denver, Lucio Battisti, Prince, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Van Morrison, David Bowie, Dean Martin, Celentano, Bruce Springsteen, Doobie Brothers, The Police, Coldplay, Elvis, Jason Mraz, Sergio Mendes, Marvin Gaye, Bob Dylan, Alex Britti, Fats Domino, John Mayer, Renato Carosone, The Temptations, Robert Johnson, Francesco De Gregori, Pharrell Williams, Ray Charles, Creedence, Lucio Dalla, Toto, Bon Jovi, Sean Kingston, Queen, Oasis, Bruno Martino, The Beatles, and many more! -------------------------------------------------------- I " Cats & Dogs" sono un duo acustico nato nel 2014 con oltre 380 concerti alle spalle, un'esperienza maturata in molteplici contesti ma anche suonando in pianta stabile in alcuni dei migliori locali di musica live della toscana. Propongono un viaggio intenso con un repertorio di oltre 100 brani che stilisticamente attraversa la pop music, blues e soul, rock'n'roll e country, latin e bossanova, cantautorato e musica tradizionale. Il tutto è condito da arrangiamenti personali e medley in costante evoluzione di artisti come Jamiroquai, Chuck Berry, Adele, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Edoardo Bennato, The Rolling Stones, Bo Diddley, Stevie Wonder, Ed Sheeran, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Rag'n'Bone Man, Dire Straits, Pino Daniele, Jimi Hendrix, Johnny Cash, Bruno Mars, The Eagles, Vinicio Capossela, B.B.King, Frank Sinatra, Lady Gaga, Brunori sas, Simon & Garfunkel, Eric Clapton, Fabrizio De André, Depeche Mode, Bob Marley, Neil Young, Otis Redding, John Legend, Paolo Conte, John Denver, Lucio Battisti, Prince, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Van Morrison, David Bowie, Dean Martin, Celentano, Bruce Springsteen, Doobie Brothers, The Police, Coldplay, Elvis, Jason Mraz, Sergio Mendes, Marvin Gaye, Bob Dylan, Alex Britti, Fats Domino, John Mayer, Renato Carosone, The Temptations, Robert Johnson, Francesco De Gregori, Pharrell Williams, Ray Charles, Creedence, Lucio Dalla, Toto, Bon Jovi, Sean Kingston, Queen, Oasis, Bruno Martino, The Beatles, e tanti altri!


1 aThe sons° of Judah° [were] Perez°, Hezron°, Carmi°, Hur° and Shobal°. 2 Reaiah° the son° of Shobal° Ibecame° the father° of Jahath°, and Jahath° became° the father° of Ahumai° and Lahad°. These° [were] the families° of the Zorathites°. 3 These° [were] the Isons° of Etam°: Jezreel°, Ishma° and Idbash°; and the name° of their sister° [was] Hazzelelponi°. 4 Penuel° [was] the father° of Gedor°, and Ezer° the father° of Hushah°. These° [were] the sons° of Hur°, the firstborn° of Ephrathah°, the father° of Bethlehem°. 5 Ashhur°, the father° of Tekoa°, had° two° wives°, Helah° and Naarah°. 6 Naarah° bore° him Ahuzzam°, Hepher°, Temeni° and Haahashtari°. These° were the sons° of Naarah°. 7 The sons° of Helah° [were] Zereth°, IIzhar° and Ethnan°. 8 Koz° became° the father° of Anub° and Zobebah°, and the families° of Aharhel° the son° of Harum°. 9 Jabez° was more° honorable° than° his brothers°, and his mother° named°° him Jabez° saying°, "Because° I bore° [him] with pain°." 10 Now Jabez° called° on the God° of Israel°, saying°, "Oh° that You would bless° me indeed° and enlarge° my border°, and that Your hand° might be with me, and that You would keep° [me] from harm° that [it] may not pain° me!" And God° granted° him what° he requested°.
11 ¶ Chelub° the brother° of Shuhah° became° the father° of Mehir°, who° was the father° of Eshton°. 12 Eshton° became° the father° of Beth-rapha° and Paseah°, and Tehinnah° the father° of IIr-nahash°. These° are the men° of Recah°.
13 ¶ Now the sons° of Kenaz° [were] Othniel° and Seraiah°. And the sons° of Othniel° [were] Hathath° and Meonothai°. 14 Meonothai° became° the father° of Ophrah°, and Seraiah° became° the father° of Joab° the father° of IGe-harashim°°, for they were craftsmen°. 15 The sons° of Caleb° the son° of Jephunneh° [were] Iru°, Elah° and Naam°; and the Ison° of Elah° [was] IIKenaz°. 16 The sons° of Jehallelel° [were] Ziph° and Ziphah°, Tiria° and Asarel°. 17 The Isons° of Ezrah° [were] Jether°, Mered°, Epher° and Jalon°. (IIAnd these° are the sons° of Bithia° the daughter° of Pharaoh°, whom° Mered° took°) and she conceived° [and bore] Miriam°, Shammai° and Ishbah° the father° of Eshtemoa°. 18 His Jewish° wife° bore° Jered° the father° of Gedor°, and Heber° the father° of Soco°, and Jekuthiel° the father° of Zanoah°. 19 The sons° of the wife° of Hodiah°, the sister° of Naham°, [were] the Ifathers° of Keilah° the Garmite° and Eshtemoa° the Maacathite°. 20 The sons° of Shimon° [were] Amnon° and Rinnah°, Benhanan° and Tilon°. And the sons° of Ishi° [were] Zoheth° and Ben-zoheth°. 21 The sons° of Shelah° the son° of Judah° [were] Er° the father° of Lecah° and Laadah° the father° of Mareshah°, and the families° of the house° of the linen° workers° at Beth-ashbea°°; 22 and Jokim°, the men° of Cozeba°, Joash°, Saraph°, who° ruled° in Moab°, and Jashubi-lehem°. And the Irecords° are ancient°. 23 These° were the potters° and the inhabitants° of Netaim° and Gederah°; they lived° there° with the king° for his work°.
24 ¶ The sons° of Simeon° [were] INemuel° and Jamin°, IIJarib°, IIIZerah°, Shaul°; 25 Shallum° his son°, Mibsam° his son°, Mishma° his son°. 26 The sons° of Mishma° [were] Hammuel° his son°, Zaccur° his son°, Shimei° his son°. 27 Now Shimei° had sixteen°° sons° and six° daughters°; but his brothers° did not have° many° sons°, nor° did all° their family° multiply° like° the sons° of Judah°. 28 They lived° at Beersheba°, Moladah° and Hazar-shual°, 29 at Bilhah°, Ezem°, Tolad°, 30 Bethuel°, Hormah°, Ziklag°, 31 Beth-marcaboth°, Hazar-susim°, Beth-biri° and Shaaraim°. These° [were] their cities° until° the reign° of David°. 32 Their villages° [were] Etam°, Ain°, Rimmon°, Tochen° and Ashan°, five° cities°; 33 and all° their villages° that [were] around° the same° cities° as far° as IBaal°. These° [were] their settlements°, and they have their genealogy°.
34 ¶ Meshobab° and Jamlech° and Joshah° the son° of Amaziah°, 35 and Joel° and Jehu° the son° of Joshibiah°, the son° of Seraiah°, the son° of Asiel°, 36 and Elioenai°, Jaakobah°, Jeshohaiah°, Asaiah°, Adiel°, Jesimiel°, Benaiah°, 37 Ziza° the son° of Shiphi°, the son° of Allon°, the son° of Jedaiah°, the son° of Shimri°, the son° of Shemaiah°; 38 these° mentioned° by name° [were] leaders° in their families°; and their fathers'° houses° increased° greatly°. 39 They went° to the entrance° of Gedor°, even° to the east° side° of the valley°, to seek° pasture° for their flocks°. 40 They found° rich° and good° pasture°, and athe land° was broad° and quiet° and peaceful°; for those who lived° there° formerly° [were] Hamites°°. 41 aThese°, recorded° by name°, came° in the days° of Hezekiah° king° of Judah°, and Iattacked° their tents° and the Meunites° who° were found° there°, and destroyed° them utterly° to this° day°, and lived° in their place°, because° there was pasture° there° for their flocks°. 42 From them, from the sons° of Simeon°, five° hundred° men° went° to aMount° Seir°, with Pelatiah°, Neariah°, Rephaiah° and Uzziel°, the sons° of Ishi°, as their leaders°. 43 aThey Idestroyed° the remnant° of the Amalekites° who° escaped°, and have lived° there° to this° day°.
 Gn 38:29; 46:12; Nu 26:20; Ru 4:18; 1Ch 2:5, 9, 18; Mt 1:3; Lk 3:33.
 Jsh 15:33; Jg 13:25; 1Ch 2:52, 53.
 Jsh 15:36; 1Ch 2:19, 50; 4:18, 39.
 Gn 3:16; 34:19; 35:18; 1S 4:21; 1Ch 7:23; Is 43:4; Ac 17:11.
 Gn 12:2, 8; 32:26, 28; 33:20; 48:16; Jsh 17:14; Jg 1:27; 1S 1:17; 1K 3:7; 1Ch 16:8; Jb 12:4; 22:27; Ps 21:4; 32:3; 51:8, 12; 55:16; 65:2; 66:19; 72:17; 99:6; 116:1, 2; 119:173; Pv 10:22; 30:8; Is 41:10, 17; Jr 33:3; Mt 6:13; 7:7; 26:75; Lk 19:42; Jn 10:28; 21:17; Ac 3:26; Ro 10:12; 12:9; 16:19; 1Co 1:2; 2Co 2:1; Ep 1:3; 3:20; 4:30; 2Ti 4:18; Rv 3:19.
 Jsh 15:17; Jg 1:13; 3:9.
 Nu 13:6, 30; 14:6, 24, 30; Jsh 14:6; 15:13; Jg 1:12.
 Jsh 15:50; 1S 30:28; 1Ch 4:16, 18, 19; 6:57; 21:24.
 Gn 46:17; Jsh 15:34, 35, 48, 58; 1S 17:1; 1K 3:1, 6; 4:10; 7:8; 9:16, 24; 1Ch 1:2; 2:42; 4:4, 17, 18, 19, 39; 28:18; 2Ch 8:11; 11:7.
 Jsh 15:44; 1S 23:1; 1Ch 4:18.
 Gn 38:5; 46:12; Nu 26:20; 1Ch 2:3; 9:5; Ne 11:5.
 Gn 46:10; Ex 6:15; Nu 26:12.
 Nu 2:4, 13; 26:14, 22.
 Jsh 15:31; 19:4, 5; 1S 27:6; 30:1; 1Ch 12:1; Ne 11:28.
 Jsh 12:13; 15:58; 1Ch 4:4, 18.
 Gn 9:22; 10:6; Jg 18:7; Ps 78:51; 105:23.
 Nu 32:1; Jg 10:12; 2K 18:8; 1Ch 4:33; Is 14:28; Jr 49:20; Ac 17:26.
 Ex 17:14; Dt 25:17; 34:6; Jg 1:26; 1S 15:7; 30:17; 2S 8:12; 2Ch 5:9; Jr 44:6; Mt 27:8; 28:15.


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Home News MAY 2019: A RETIRED 1967 TDH-3501 GMC BUS IS NOW A COLD...
MAY 2019: A RETIRED 1967 TDH-3501 GMC BUS IS NOW A COLD WAR MUSEUM ON WHEELS
Some of our MyStarCollectorCar readers are old enough to remember the post-World War Two era known as the Cold War.
The 1950s and 1960s were a peak time for the Cold War because the nuclear option was now on the table for the world's superpowers.
The main players were the United States and the Soviet Union because these two countries developed enough nuclear weapons to wipe out the planet numerous times over. There were other nuclear-armed nations, but the US and USSR were the big dogs on the radioactive porch.
The threat of nuclear devastation meant a heightened sense of danger in the post-war era and the rise of civil defense organizations to promote order in case of a nuclear attack. North America was a primary target for a Soviet nuclear attack so Canada formed a Civil Defence organization to cope with the effects of nuclear strikes north of the 49th Parallel during the Cold War era.
The Canadian Civil Defence organization was formed in 1947 and eventually faded into the history books by the end of the 1960s. However, there is a group of dedicated volunteers who want to preserve the history behind the Civil Defence program so they formed the Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives (CCDMA).
One of their main attractions is a 1967 TDH-3501 GMC passenger bus that was used on daily routes in Calgary, Alberta from 1967 to '74. One of the bus drivers was a man named Bob Bailey and he was able to sit behind the wheel of the bus for the first time in many decades at an August 2018 car show.
The bus was retired from active transit service and entered into service with the Calgary Fire Department for use as a transportation vehicle or basic shelter from the elements for people who were evacuated from a major fire.
The bus was eventually released from City of Calgary service and ended up with the Reynolds Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta where it was stored until the Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives people became its current owners in October, 2016.
Fred Armbruster is the founder of CCMA and he recounted how the GMC bus fired right up after along storage period. The bus has its original 478 cubic inch V-6 four-cycle diesel engine and has performed flawlessly on the road since its debut with the CCMA.
Steve Parkin is also a member of the Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives, as well as an employee of the City of Red Deer (Alberta) Transit department. Steve is currently in a management position with Red Deer Transit, but he is very familiar with transit busses and likes the way the 52-year-old bus runs down the road at a steady 50 mph (80 km/h) on the highway.
The bus only required some minor repairs that included a new exhaust system and an add-on windshield washer unit.
The 1967 GMC bus has a proud history behind it and a bright future ahead of it with the Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives people. They intend to replace the Calgary Fire Department decals with Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives decals as part of their long range plans to showcase the bus at future events.
MyStarCollectorCar wishes them well on their ride into the future in a vintage transit bus.
BY: Jim Sutherland
Jim Sutherland is a veteran automotive writer whose work has been published by many major print and online publications. The list includes Calgary Herald, The Truth About Cars, Red Deer Advocate, RPM Magazine, Edmonton Journal, Montreal Gazette, Windsor Star, Vancouver Province, and Post Media Wheels Section.
1967 TDH-3501 GMC BUS
478 cubic inch V-6 four cycle diesel engine
Calgary Fire Department
Canadian Civil Defence Museum and Archives (CCDMA)
Canadian Civil Defence organization
Reynolds Museum
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Richard Howell (25 de outubro de 1754 - 28 de abril de 1802) foi governador de Nova Jérsei de 1794 a 1802.

Vida
R. Howell nasceu em Newark, Delaware, seu pai era Ebenezer Howell e sua mãe Sarah Bond. Ele foi advogado e um soldado do precoce Exército dos Estados Unidos, atuou como capitão e mais tarde major do 2 º Regimento de Nova Jersey de 1775 a 1779. Foi-lhe oferecido o papel de juiz defensor do exército, mas rejeitou a nomeação para exercer a advocacia. Ele era escriturário do Supremo Tribunal de New Jersey a partir de 1778 a 3 de junho de 1793. Ele sucedeu Thomas Henderson como governador e cumpriu seu papel até 1802. Substituído pelo governador como Joseph Bloomfield, Howell morreu no ano seguinte. Ele era o avô de Varina Howell, a segunda esposa do Presidente Confederado Jefferson Davis.

Howell morreu em Trenton, Nova Jérsei em 28 de abril de 1802, e foi sepultado no Friends Buring Ground daquela cidade.

Ligações Externa
 Biblioteca Estadual de Nova Jérsei, biografia de Richard Howell
 Governador de Nova Jérsei, Richard Howell, Associação Nacional de Governadores

Governadores de Nova Jérsia
Naturais de Newark (Delaware)


I'm posting another update because it feels like if I don't post mostly in the moment, I forget the moment. I ended up going to two grocery stores because I've wanted to try my hand at homemade mozzarella cheese for a few years now, but felt like I never had the time. Well, now I have the time. I went to one store that's in a storefront right next to a fantastic restaurant with some of the best fried chicken I've ever had. It's what they're known for, so, to me, outside of the restaurant always smells like fried chicken. Went in the store (couldn't find rennet), and when I came out, I almost melted into the sidewalk from the smells. The smells!
But I resisted, and headed to another store. This store had a hot foods section that tried (with less fervor than the fried chicken restaurant or my mom's kitchen) to sabotage me. As I'm walking down the aisle, drawn in by brownie mixes and fancy cheeses, I think, "I should stay home, it's easier at home." But then realized, this is why I should get out. Try to make some of those smells and images less powerful. I have no idea if you can ever be immune, but I'm far too easily influenced.
Never found the rennet, but I ordered some online, and plan to try cheese making maybe Tuesday or Wednesday. In the meantime, I'm watching St. Elmo's Fire, and drinking a cup of broth. Originally, I scraped the hardened fat off of my broth, but now I think a little extra fat between eating is probably a GOOD thing. So I added a bit (maybe a teaspoon) of salted butter to it. I'll probably have another cup tonight closer to bed, if I start to feel hungry.
My mental clarity is still about a 5, even after caffeine. I'm hopeful I will feel better with this tomorrow. The workday will be tough not feeling clear. My energy is a bit lower than this morning. Fine for desk work, but definitely not aching for a workout like earlier.
Skipping lunch at work was the hardest part of fasting though my first extended fast – I want the break, and emotionally, food is on the brain.
I do have an errand to run at lunch, so it's possible that will give me a break and keep me busy enough. Can't predict it! Yesterday, by dinner, I was ready to eat my arm!


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From Idea to IPO: The Technology Venture Course (12 weeks)
Tuesday, February 7, 2012 - Tuesday, May 1, 2012
Presented by Science Alliance
From Idea to IPO is a 12-week evening course that meets once per week for 3 hours, which introduces the fundamentals of technology entrepreneurship. Specifically designed for PhD students, postdocs, and other science professionals, it teaches you how to take the right idea from the laboratory to the marketplace, starting with identifying the commercial opportunity of an idea or invention to gathering the financial resources and talent to start a company.
From Idea to IPO is divided into two modules:
I. Opportunity Recognition and Evaluation: technology innovation ecosystems, going from idea to opportunity, creating a business model, and entrepreneurial marketing
II. Pursuit of Opportunity: tech transfer and patent protection, finance and accounting basics, venture financing, legal and accounting issues, building the startup team, and scientist as CEO
Building on the success of Science Alliance's longest running program that has taught nearly 500 young innovators in the NYC metropolitan area since 2004, the course has been updated and refreshed for 2012. We have added 12hrs of instruction time, incorporated team projects that promote learning the process hands-on, and are providing access to mentoring by individuals from the entrepreneurship community.
The course will be taught through a combination of lectures, case studies, and team projects. Guest speakers will include entrepreneurs as well as members of the tech transfer, law, accounting, and finance communities. In order to receive a certificate of completion, students must attend 80% of the classes and contribute to a team project that will require giving two short in-class presentations on an "Opportunity Analysis Plan" and an "Opportunity Execution Plan."
This 12-week course meets every Tuesday, February 7–May 1, 6–9pm.
From Idea to IPO is being offered by the Science Alliance program of the New York Academy of Sciences. Science Alliance provides career education, development, and training for graduate students and postdocs in the sciences and serves 8,000 young scientists from over 40 partner organizations located in the New York metropolitan area, nationally, and around the globe.
This course requires that participants have access to the textbook Technology Ventures: From Idea to Enterprise, Byers, Dorf and Nelson. 3rd Ed. You can purchase this book at Amazon.com or look for it in your school/local library.
Monica L. Kerr, PhD
Jahan Ali
New York City Investment Fund
Piraye Yurttas Beim, PhD
Celmatix, Inc.
Stephen Goodman, JD
Chris Hayter, PhD
Arthur Klausner
Aaron Rabinowitz, JD
Woodcock Washburn LLP
Zach Schildhorn
Lux Capital
Donna See, MBA, MPH
Raphy Soussan, CPA
CBIZ MHM, LLC
Melinda Thomas, MBA
NYC Tech Connect
Paul Tumpowsky, MBA
Square Zero; InSITE
Milena Adamian, MD
Life Sciences Angel Network
Zubin Canteenwalla, MBA
Frank DeBernardis
Nascent Enterprises LLC
Jessica Hunt, PhD
Gerson Lehrman Group
Thomas Lipkin, PhD
Osage Partners
Joshua Spodek, PhD, MBA
Steve Winick
Registration Pricing
Through 2/6/2012 Onsite: 2/7/2012
Member $600 $650
Student Member $500 $550
Nonmember Academia $650 $700
Nonmember Corporate $700 $750
Nonmember Not for Profit $650 $700
Nonmember Student $550 $600
Monica Kerr, PhD
Monica Kerr earned her PhD in cell and developmental biology from the Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program at Harvard Medical School. Here she worked with Lewis Cantley, who discovered PI 3-kinase, identifying a new component in the PI 3-kinase pathway through a proteome-wide screen for novel phosphoinositide binding proteins. She then explored the role of this previously uncharacterized protein in Norbert Perrimon's laboratory, employing functional genetic techniques in Drosophila.
Leaving the bench but remaining at Harvard, Monica subsequently moved over to the Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Department to focus on higher education as an instructor and curriculum fellow. She taught and developed science-based curricula for undergraduate, graduate, and medical school science courses, as well as led career advancement initiatives for science PhDs. Throughout her tenure at Harvard, Monica founded a new professional development series for life scientists, received two teaching awards, and was selected to participate in the Harvard Macy Institute's Program for Educators in Health Professions.
Monica joined the New York Academy of Sciences in February 2010 as the Director of Science Alliance, an international career development program for graduate students and postdocs in the sciences.
Jahan is Senior Vice President at the New York City Investment Fund and manages the Fund's investments in the health care sector, including the BioAccelerate NYC Prize competition (www.bioacceleratenyc.org).
Prior to joining NYCIF, Jahan ran her own technology commercialization consulting business, where she worked with entrepreneurs and not for profit research and product development partnerships. Prior to that, Jahan was the Director of Technology Transfer at the Hospital for Special Surgery, where she focused on creating partnerships and licensing in the orthopedic sector. Before that, Jahan was with Mojave Therapeutics, a biotechnology company developing therapeutic vaccines, with heat shock protein delivery technology. At Mojave, she successfully identified synergistic partnership opportunities, research collaborations and competitor market research. Prior to that, Jahan was at Mount Sinai School of Medicine's Office of Industrial Liaison. Jahan has a Ph.D. from New York University School of Medicine.
Piraye Yurttas Beim, PhD *
Piraye Yurttas Beim is the Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Celmatix, Inc., an early stage, venture-backed, biotechnology company based in TriBeCa, New York City. Celmatix is developing the world¹s first non-invasive, genetics-based diagnostic for assessing female egg quality and female infertility. The FertilArray test will be a multi-parametric diagnostic, assaying genetic, phenotypic, and environmental determinants of infertility. This vital personalized information will allow women and their doctors to optimize family planning, fertility preservation, and infertility treatments. Piraye performed her postdoctoral work in the field of mammalian pre-implantation embryology at the Gurdon Institute of the University of Cambridge in the UK and her doctoral work on the molecular and genetic underpinnings of mammalian infertility at Cornell University, Weill Medical College/Sloan Kettering Institute in New York City.
Stephen M. Goodman is co-head of the Mergers and Acquisitions Practice at Pryor Cashman LLP. He has extensive experience representing technology-based companies in public offerings; private placements; limited liability company, partnership and joint venture agreements; and complex arrangements for the acquisition, sale, development and commercialization of patents, copyrights and trademarks, in particular for drug compounds and formulations, software and other technology.
Mr. Goodman has also written on topics ranging from export controls relating to biotechnology research to raising seed capital for entrepreneurial companies and has lectured on various aspects of pharmaceutical/biotech collaboration agreements.
Mr. Goodman is a 1977 graduate of New York University School of Law, where he was Order of the Coif and Articles Editor of the Annual Survey of American Law.
Christopher S. Hayter, PhD, serves as Director of Innovation and Sustainability at the New York Academy of Sciences where he leads the group's work in program evaluation, higher education and science policy, and entrepreneurship research. He also serves as the project lead for Academy's capacity-building and evaluation partnership with the Malaysian government. He has more than ten years of experience managing complex science and innovation policy projects at organizations such as National Governors Association, Council on Competitiveness, National Academies' Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP). He also worked for five years in the private sector establishing and managing new resort ventures for a large hospitality company. Prior to joining the Academy, Dr. Hayter served as Visiting Lecturer of Public Policy at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. He holds a Ph.D. from George Washington University in Science Policy and Economics and has (co)authored numerous policy and peer-reviewed publications.
Life Sciences and Venture Capital Consultant
A seasoned life sciences venture capitalist, Klausner spent a total of 18 years at Domain Associates (1990-2004) and Pappas Ventures (2005-2009). During that time, he was involved in the investment in and subsequent nurturing of a variety of biotechnology, specialty pharmaceutical, and medical device companies. Klausner has been a board member at Santarus (IPO in 2004, Nasdaq: SNTS), X-Ceptor (acquired by Exelixis in 2004), Orexigen (IPO in 2007, Nasdaq: OREX), Altea Therapeutics, CeNeRx BioPharma, Gentis, and Syndax Pharmaceuticals, and a board observer at Peninsula Pharmaceuticals (acquired by Johnson & Johnson in 2005), Cerexa (acquired by Forest Laboratories in 2007), and Optherion.
Among his other activities, he currently serves as Chief Business Officer and on the Board of Directors of Neurotez (a privately held biotherapeutics company focused on Alzheimer's disease). He is on the Advisory Boards of Edge Therapeutics, Northeast Securities, and Fritsche Capital Group, and he is on the Life Science Investment Review Board for the New York University Innovation Venture Fund.
Klausner began his venture capital career after earning an M.B.A. at the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. While attending business school, he completed summer internships emphasizing corporate planning and market research functions at ImClone Systems and Neurogen, two start up biopharmaceutical companies that subsequently went public. Previously, Klausner had spent six years at Bio/Technology magazine (now Nature Biotechnology), where as Senior Editor he researched and prepared over 200 articles concerning scientific and business aspects of applied biology. He has also performed consulting projects for the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment, Arthur D. Little Decision Resources, and a range of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. His undergraduate degree in Biology is from Princeton University.
Aaron Rabinowitz is an intellectual property attorney with Woodcock Washburn LLP in Philadelphia, where he focuses on every step of patent law, from drafting and prosecuting complex patent applications to litigating granted patents in federal trial and appeals courts. Aaron has experience with patent validity and infringement opinions as well as with due diligence and licensing matters.
Aaron works with a broad range of technologies, including DNA manipulation and sequencing, genomic analysis, microarrays, nanotechnology, alternative energy technologies, fuel cells, wound dressings, medical instrumentation, beverage container technology, pharmaceutical formulations, building materials, and printable electronics. Aaron also directs prosecution of international patent portfolios for a diverse group of clients, and has prosecuted numerous patents to completion in the United States and abroad.
A chemical engineer by training, Aaron holds degrees from Princeton University (undergraduate), the University of Pennsylvania (graduate), and Temple University (law school). Before coming to Woodcock Washburn, Aaron served as a law clerk to Judge Franklin S. Van Antwerpen of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and to Judge Jan E. DuBois of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Aaron is also an adjunct professor of patent law at Temple University School of Law.
Zack is a Vice President and Director of Operations with Lux Capital, based in the Firm's New York headquarters. Zack has been working with Lux since 2006, focusing on marketing, operations, and investments within energy, novel materials, and technologies at the intersection of the digital and physical worlds. Zack has worked extensively with a number of Lux portfolio companies including Transphorm, Kurion, and Siluria.
Before joining Lux, Zack worked as an expedition photographer on the Colorado Plateau. He received his B.S. cum laude from Cornell University's College of Engineering, where he developed his own curriculum to study materials science engineering and business entrepreneurship. He also completed his M.B.A. at Cornell University's Johnson Graduate School of Management after being chosen for a highly selective dual-degree program. Zack is a regular contributing editor for Forbes and has been an invited speaker and guest lecturer at Cornell University, Drexel University, and the University of Pennsylvania.
Donna See is the Director of Strategic Initiatives at Columbia Technology Ventures, the technology transfer office of Columbia University. She currently leads portfolio strategy, marketing, and technology development initiatives for the office, supported by a team of 30+ graduate student analysts. She is also the Director for a new internal medtech development fund, the Columbia-Coulter Translational Research Partnership, which aims to accelerate the commercialization of medical devices, diagnostics, and mobile health/healthcare IT technologies. Many of these initiatives involve the growing entrepreneurial community and network at Columbia, particularly for bio and medtech ventures which require access to specialized expertise, resources and significant but scarce gap funding.
Donna has negotiated numerous partnership agreements, including options, licenses, and collaborative agreements, with foundations, CROs, established and emerging biopharma, medtech and healthcare IT companies to help validate and incubate early stage technologies. She serves as a Screening Committee member for the Life Sciences Angels Network and as a reviewer for the Coulter Translational Research Program and the NSF SBIR program, is a regular guest lecturer for the BME Senior Design capstone at Columbia's School of Engineering and Applied Science, and is a judge/mentor for the Entrepreneurial Greenhouse Program at Columbia Business School. Donna received her BA in the Natural Sciences from The Johns Hopkins University, and an MBA and MPH (in health policy) from Columbia University. Prior to Columbia, Donna spent 11 years launching and managing public-private partnerships and technology development programs with the Centers for Disease Control, the U.S. Public Health Service, as well as hospitals and health care networks in NYC, San Francisco, and Hawaii, to improve health care access and outcomes.
CBIZ MHM, LLC; Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C.
Raphy Soussan is based in the New York, NY office of Mayer Hoffman McCann P.C. Raphy has 16 years of extensive experience in both auditing and accounting as well as providing consulting services to publicly and privately held companies in the technology, consumer products, apparel, wholesale distribution and life sciences industries. He joined the organization in February 2002. Prior to joining the firm, Raphy spent a year in the marketing and operations business at Berkely Care, a subsidiary of Aon, a global insurance company. In addition, he served a combined ten years as an assurance manager in the New York offices of Ernst & Young LLP and PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he dealt primarily with publicly held and privately owned middle market companies and assisted them with their report requirements.
Melinda Thomas, MBA **
Melinda Thomas is currently the inaugural Entrepreneur in Residence for New York City. She works to build up the hard science ecosystem in New York by connecting resources and providing one on one mentoring to aspiring scientific entrepreneurs. Previous to this she was VP, Operations at CardioDx, where she took the company from day one through first product launch, with responsibility for all non-research functions. CardioDx develops and commercializes molecular based diagnostics for cardiovascular disease. It is funded by Kleiner Perkins, TPG, and MDV. Prior to CardioDx, she was the first employee and VP, Operations at ParAllele Biosciences, a high through-put genotyping and SNP discovery company. It was acquired in 2005 by Affymetrix. ParAllele was funded by Versant Ventures and MDV. Melinda holds a B.S. from U.C. Berkeley and an MBA from Harvard Business School. Her career out of HBS started with Molecular Dynamics/Amersham Pharmacia where she ran the manufacturing organization.
Paul Tumpowsky, MBA **
Square Zero, Inc.; InSITE
Paul is the CEO of Square Zero, a development stage company building a platform designed to achieve real-time data processing and analytic capabilities for today's large-scale data challenges.
Prior to Square Zero, Paul was a principal with Metropolis Venture Partners in New York. Paul sourced deal flow, evaluated business plans, conducted due diligence and interviewed companies for early-stage venture fund focused on investing between $1-$10 million per transaction in the telecommunications, networking, wireless and enterprise software markets. As part of his responsibilities, Paul was the founding Chief of Staff of an optical networking hardware firm and operated a commodity metals trading software firm as CEO through multimillion-dollar Chapter 7 involuntary bankruptcy and wind down.
Prior to business school, Paul spent over four years at Andersen Consulting, where he specialized in acquisition advisory, custom database design and development, and logistics strategy. Paul is the chairman of the Board of the InSITE Fellowship program in New York and has led the early-stage selection committee for NYNMA's VentureDowntown conference.
Paul received his MBA from Columbia Business School, where he concentrated on finance and entrepreneurship, a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois and has studied at the Shibaura Institute of Technology in Tokyo.
Zubin Canteenwalla is a Senior Associate in NGEN's New York office. He brings to NGEN experience working in sales, product development and consulting roles at high-growth technology and energy startups. Prior to NGEN, Mr. Canteenwalla worked at Investor Growth Capital where he sourced and evaluated late-stage cleantech investments. He previously worked in Toronto as a business analyst for PriceMetrix, an enterprise software firm that provided reporting and analytic tools to financial services firms.
Before joining PriceMetrix, Mr. Canteenwalla spent several years at an energy technology startup that designed and manufactured systems for refueling alternative fuel vehicles. He led the growth of their hydrogen business, building relationships with many of the top energy companies and automakers. Mr. Canteenwalla holds an MBA from Columbia Business School and a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Queen's University in Canada.
Jessica serves as General Manager of G+, crafting strategy and executing business plans for product development, community development, marketing and sales. With us since 2004, Jessica has previously worked as General Manager of Corporate Markets and Senior Vice President in charge of the Life Sciences Segment. In these roles Jessica forged and grew multiple Fortune 500 corporate relationships, including many of the world's leading global life sciences, industrial and technology corporations.
Jessica was instrumental to the firm's growth from the original 11 corporate clients to 160 firms, including nine of the top 10 global pharmaceutical companies. She has also managed and directed the sales and marketing teams across the business in the U.S., EU and Asia. Jessica holds a B.A. in biological anthropology from Duke University and a Ph.D. in physical anthropology from Yale University.
Thomas joined Osage in 2011. He most recently worked at Columbia Technology Ventures, where he helped develop several initiatives to facilitate technology assessment, external marketing, and startup creation. Thomas's scientific research both at Harvard Medical School and Columbia University focused on further understanding intracellular actin-based dynamics. Thomas holds a PhD in Cell Biology and Pathology from Columbia University, and a BS in Biology from Indiana University.
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Joshua Spodek (PhD '00, Physics, Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, MBA '06 Columbia Business School), after helping assemble an x-ray observational satellite launched by the European Space Agency and researching supernova remnants, became an entrepreneur with several patents and start-ups. He is now an executive / personal coach working with Columbia Business School's Program on Social Intelligence. Joshua helps clients develop effective leadership skills and optimize their professional and personal lives by helping them understand what brings them meaning and happiness and acting on it. He has been quoted and profiled in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, USA Today, Fortune, CNN, and the major broadcast networks. Esquire magazine named him "Best and Brightest" in their annual Genius issue.
Steve has been a partner at Topspin Partners since 2004, focusing on technology-driven opportunities. He comes to Topspin from Honeywell, Intl., where he had been serving as CIO of its $2B Security Group. He had been with Honeywell (the Ademco division of Pittway Corp., before its acquisition by Honeywell in 2000) for over 21 years as CTO of the security business, as well as founder and president of its wireless communications services business.
Steve received a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1971 and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering in 1972, also from Penn. He received his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and is a registered Patent Attorney. Today, he serves on the boards of Setpoint Medical Inc., Celmatix, Inc., Mirimus, Inc. and Certerra Inc., all Topspin portfolio companies.
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GEP> Vol.4 No.1, January 2016
Kinetics of Sorption of Pendimethalin on Soil Samples Obtained from the Banks of Rivers Katsina-Ala and Benue, Central Nigeria
Abstract Full-Text HTML XML Download as PDF (Size:304KB) PP. 37-42
Justin Kpagh, Rufus Sha'Ato*, Raymond A. Wuana, Terrumun A. Tor-Anyiin
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Kinetics of the sorption of the herbicide, pendimethalin (3,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-N-pentan-3-yl-aniline) on four soil samples obtained from the banks of Rivers Benue and Katsina-Ala, in Central Nigeria was studied by contacting 5.0 g soil samples with 100 mL 7 × 10-6 M herbicide solution. The sorption was monitored by following the herbicide concentration in the aqueous phase spectrophotometrically at one hour intervals for 5 hours (at 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°C and 65°C, respectively). Pseudo-first order kinetics treatment of the data showed that sorption rates as well as the accompanying activation energies were low, indicating that physical adsorption is the operative mechanism for its retention in the soils and that the herbicide tended to reside more in the aqueous phase, which raised its potential to contaminate natural water systems, when applied on the field.
Kinetics, Sorption, Pendimethalin, Soil, Nigeria
Received 27 October 2015; accepted 5 January 2016; published 8 January 2016
The use of herbicides in the Lower Benue Valley (6˚15' - 8˚00'N; 6˚15' - 11˚00'E) in Central Nigeria is not only on the increase, but also indiscriminate. This is because the area has a predominantly agrarian economy and one of the major problems farmers face is the aggressive growth of weeds which negatively affects farm produce. Among other herbicides [1] , pendimethalin (3,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-N-pentan-3-yl aniline, Figure 1), a pre- emergence herbicide effective against many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds enjoys widespread use in the area.
Figure 1. Structure of pendimethalin (3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-N-pentan-3-yl aniline).
Being a soil-applied herbicide, once applied, it is taken up by the roots and/or hypocotyls of the target weeds, interfering with their growth, and eventually killing them. It has been noted, for a long time, that the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides depends, in part, on soil type [2] . Performance is further influenced by herbicide adsorption. According to Wauchope and Koskinen [3] , sorption is a major factor controlling herbicide activity, mobility and persistence in soil. It also determines the quantity of herbicide in soil solution and thus the amount that is available to be leached [4] . Thus, for effective assessment of the mobility and pollution potentials of herbicides to be made and for better understanding of the fate of these chemicals in soil, a good knowledge of their sorption behaviour, including kinetics, in different soil types is desired. While pendimethalin is known to adsorb strongly to soil organic matter and clay, soils in the Lower Benue Valley are generally low in organic matter and clay [5] . It is, therefore, expected that this herbicide effective against many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds may be highly mobile in them and so may pose a surface and groundwater contamination hazard in the area. Considering that it is a suspected carcinogen [6] , it is not subject to microbial degradation and only slight losses of the herbicide may be expected from photodecomposition and volatilization on the field (its soil half-life is found to be 90 days [7] , it is imperative that its fate in the Lower Benue Valley environment, where it is widely used, is investigated. The aim of this study is, therefore, to investigate the sorptive behaviour of pendimethalin in selected soils in the area, since there is little or no information on this in the literature.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Sampling and Preparation
Soil samples were taken at the surface horizon (0 - 25 cm) at four different locations along the banks of Rivers Benue and Katsina-Ala, where both rain-fed and irrigation agriculture (vegetable cropping) is very active. The samples were identified as follows:
1) RB1 Benue River bank (7.746756N 8.61755E)
2) RB2 Benue River bank (7.748797N 861755E)
3) RKA1 Katsina-Ala River bank (7.194838N 9.287592E)
4) RKA2 Katsina-Ala River bank (7.154097N, 9.285760E)
The whole soil samples, each weighing 1.5 kg, were taken to the Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, in black polythene bags and subsequently spread in a dust-free wooden cupboard to air-dry. After air-drying (7 days), the samples were gently crushed and sieved using a 2 mm sieve/shaker. The <2 mm soil fraction was retained for sorption studies.
2.2. Pendimethalin
The commercial formulation of the herbicide (500EC i.e. 500 g/L) as used by farmers, was purchased from Lado Agrochemicals Company, Katsina-Ala. This was used without purification to simulate the condition in which it reaches the soil in practice.
2.3. Determination of Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Samples
Laboratory soil samples moisture content was determined using the method employed by Charturvediand Sankar [8] ; pH was determined using a portable pH meter (Jenway Digital Meter model 3505) after calibration at pH 4 and 7. Electrical conductivity was measured directly using a portable conductivity meter (HACH C0150 model). Organic matter was determined using the dichromate method, while Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was determined at pH 7 using 1M ammonium acetate. In each case, three replicate readings were taken and the mean calculated.
2.4. Sorption Kineticsstudies
A wavelength scan of the herbicide solution was done using chloroform from 370 nm to 480 nm to determine the wavelength of maximum absorption lmax for use in the sorption experiments; this was found to be 416 nm compared to 437 nm in the literature [9] . The experimental lmax was used in this study. For each soil sample, 5.0 grams were placed in a 250-mL glass-stoppered conical flask. Hundred (100) mL of standard pendimethalin solution (7 × 10−6 M) was added and the volume made up to 250 mL with distilled water. Five sets of experiments were conducted at 25˚C, 35˚C, 45˚C, 55˚C and 65˚C using an incubator. At one-hour intervals, aliquots of the solutions were withdrawn, cooled, centrifuged and the herbicide concentration in the supernatant determined spectrophotometrically using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 416 nm. At each stage, the difference between the concentration of pendimethalin added and the one found in the supernatant was used to calculate the amount of the herbicide adsorbed after definite time intervals. All readings were triplicated and mean values used.
Table 1 gives the physicochemical properties of the soil samples: the low moisture content in storage showed that the soils were well dried as at the point of analysis; the pH values indicate the soils are fairly acidic under field conditions, as their CECs are typical of soils in the Lower Benue Valley [10] . While the soils from the banks of the River Benue (RB1 and 2) have high clay contents, the soils from the banks of River Katsina-Ala (RKA1 and 2) are largely sandy loam in nature. Overall, the soils have organic matter content typical of their alluvial origins. Table 2 shows kinetic parameters (in the temperature range of 25˚C - 65˚C) which were calculated from slopes of pseudo-first order kinetic plots (of natural logarithm of amount of pendimethalin adsorbed (Q) versus time (t, in hours), in accordance with Equation (1).
where, kr is the pseudo-first order rate constant. The linearity of the plots (with negative slopes), gave support to the primary assumption that the sorption considered in this study followed first order kinetics [11] . From the rate constants, the sorption half-life (a measure of the persistence in the aqueous phase) of pendimethalin was calculated appropriately (Equation (2)).
Application of the linearized Arrhenius Equation (3) (plots of lnkr vs. , where, T = absolute temperature)
Table 1. Physicochemical properties of soil samples taken from the banks of Rivers Benue and Katsina-Ala, Central Nigeria.
Table 2. Parameters derived from pseudo-first order kinetic plots for pendimethalin sorption on soil samples taken from the banks of Rivers Benue and Katsina-Ala, Central Nigeria.
*Corresponding author.
gave access to the activation energy (E‡) for the sorption process in the soils.
Of the four soil samples studied, percentage clay was highest in sample RB2 followed by sample RB1, RKA1 and RKA2 in that order (Table 1). Soil samples RB1 and RB2 with the highest percentage clay also had the highest percentage organic matter. For example, it was earlier noted that the more clay or organic matter present in a soil, the higher the CEC [12] . This was the case for soil samples RB1 and RB2, which also showed high water ? holding capacities (moisture content in storage of circa 1% compared to <1% for the other soil samples). The pH values of all the soil samples were less than 7, and generally within the same acidic range (Table 1). On the whole, the soils have properties that are expected of soils in this area of Nigeria.
Sorption rate constants obtained from the pseudo-first order kinetics treatment of the data were low (Table 2) and half-lives relatively long, although they showed no clear trend for samples RKA1 and RKA2. However, adsorption rates on samplesRB1 and RB2 showed an increase in adsorption rate with temperature, similar to observations by [11] who studied dazomet adsorption on natural adsorbents. This trend was in agreement with the fact that the amount of a pesticide adsorbed in soils is related to the organic carbon contents of the soils [13] . Torrents and Jayasundera [14] also conducted the sorption study of non-ionic pesticides and found that the intensity of adsorption was a function of herbicide and clay contents. Nevertheless, Shimizu and Liljestrand [15] reported that there was no relationship between sorption and organic carbon in soils in the case of low organic carbon soils. Therefore, soil organic carbon and clay contents may not have been the only factors relevant to pendimethalin adsorption in this study. This fact may have been responsible for the unclear adsorption trend in soil samples RKA1 and RKA2.
The activation energies (E‡) obtained in the study ranged from 10.3 kJ∙mol−1 to 10.9 kJ∙mol−1. According to Bansal [16] , activation energies of 10 - 28 kJ∙mol−1 represent physical adsorption. Since the calculated values of E‡ were within this range, it implied that only physical adsorption of the herbicide on soil surfaces must have taken place. This was expected, looking at the molecular structure of the herbicide. Low sorption ensured a longer residency time of the herbicide in the aqueous phase (half-lives of about 6 hours generally), suggesting that pendimethalin could be fairly mobile (susceptible to leaching transport) in the soils under study and hence could easily contaminate ground- and surface water resources in the area.
In conclusion, rate constants, half-lives and activation energies of adsorption of pendimethalin on four soil samples obtained from the Lower Benue Valley in Central Nigeria were determined in this study, along with some physicochemical parameters of the soils. Physicochemical parameters showed significant variations in line with what is known about tropical soils. Values of sorption rate constants, half-lives and activation energies indicated low adsorption rates on soil samples. Activation energies indicated physical adsorption of the herbicide. On the whole, results in the study showed that the herbicide has potential to cause contamination of surface and ground waters by its persistence through leaching and runoff because of its low adsorption.
Kpagh, J. , Sha'Ato, R. , Wuana, R. and Tor-Anyiin, T. (2016) Kinetics of Sorption of Pendimethalin on Soil Samples Obtained from the Banks of Rivers Katsina-Ala and Benue, Central Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 4, 37-42. doi: 10.4236/gep.2016.41004.
[1] Kughur, P.G. (2012) The Effects of Herbicides on Crop Production and Environment in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 14, 206-216.
[2] Stevenson, F.J.J. (1972) Organic Matter Interactions Involving Herbicides in Soil. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1, 333-343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1972.00472425000100040001x
[3] Wauchope, R.D. and Koskinen, W.C. (1983) Adsorption Desorption Equilibrium of Herbicides in Soil: Thermodynamic Perspective. Weed Science, 31, 504-512.
[4] Bailey, G.W. and White, J.L. (1970) Factors Influencing the Adsorption, Desorption and Movement of Pesticides in Soils. Residue Review, 32, 29-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8464-3_4
[5] Sha'Ato, R., Ajayi, S.O. and Ojanuga, A.G. (2012) Total and Extractable Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc in Major Agricultural Soils in the Lower Benue Valley, Central Nigeria and the Concept of Extractant Efficiency. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research, 17, 59-62.
[6] Coats, J.R. and Yamamoto, A. (2003) Environmental Fate and Effect of Pesticides. Symposium 853, ACS, Washington.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0853.fw001
[7] United States Department of Agriculture (1990) Soil Conservation Service. Pesticide Properties Database, New York.
[8] Charturvedi, R.K. and Sankar, K. (2006) Laboratory Manual for Physiochemical Analysis of Soil, Water and Plants. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, 6-9.
[9] Pest Management Regulatory Agency (2007) A. L 6605C, Ontario, Canada pp 7.
[10] Sha'Ato, R., Ojanuga, A.G. and Ajayi, S.O. (2000) Forms and Profile Distribution of Potassium in Typical Soils of the Lower Benue Valley of Nigeria. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 31, 437-453.
[11] Sismanoglu, T., Ercag, A., Pura, S. and Ercag, E. (2004) Kinetics and Isotherms of Dazomet Adsorption on National Adsorbents. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 15, 669-675.
[12] Agronomy Fact Sheet No. 22 (2007) Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences. Cornell University Co-Operative Extension, 1-2.
[13] Kanazawa, J. (1989) Relationship between the Soil Sorption Constants Pesticide and Their Physicochemical Properties. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 8, 477-484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620080604
[14] Torrents, A. and Jayasundera, S. (1997) The Sorption of Nonionic Pesticides onto Clays and the Influence of Natural Organic Carbon. Chemosphere, 35, 1549-1565.
[15] Shimizu, Y. and Liljestrand, H.M. (1990) Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons onto Natural Solids: Determination by Fluorescence Quenching Method. Water Science & Technology, 23, 427-436.
[16] Bansal, O.P. (2004) Kinetics of Interaction of Three Carbamate Pesticides with Indian Soils: Aligrah District. Pest Management Science, 60, 1149-1155.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.915


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Meldola ist eine italienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Forlì-Cesena, Region Emilia-Romagna.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 10,5 Kilometer südlich von Forlì und etwa 13,5 Kilometer westlich von Cesena an den nordöstlichen Ausläufern des tosko-emilianischen Apennins. Durch das Gemeindegebiet fließt der Bidente und der Rungo. Nachbargemeinden sind Bertinoro, Cesena, Civitella di Romagna, Forlì und Predappio.

Persönlichkeiten
 Bartolomeo Mastri (1602–1673), Philosoph und Theologe aus dem Franziskanerorden
 Felice Orsini (1819–1858), Attentäter von Napoleon III.
 Alberto Zaccheroni (* 1953), Fußballtrainer

Verkehr
Durch die Gemeinde führt die Strada Statale 310 del Bidente.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Emilia-Romagna
Weinbauort in Italien


In countries where funding for academic disciplines is not as abundant as in the developed world, astronomy funding is often justified by arguing that it is an inspirational discipline attracting students to science, and that the skills acquired by astronomy graduates add value beyond the field of astronomy, beyond academia, and contribute to a country's journey to a knowledge-based economy. This project proposes to use the help of a student/intern to investigate this assertion and generate a report of findings with recommendations to improve the employability of graduates. The student will interview employers in industry about their experience hiring science graduates, university lecturers about their programmes and astronomy graduates about their early career experiences. The student will also analyse job listing featuring skills that astronomy studies develop, in the context of other skills that those jobs require, to start developing a picture of employers' expectations from people with such skills. This study will be specifically carried out in South Africa, where the value of astronomy as a discipline for the growth of the country is trusted, as shown by the national investment in the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, and where the MeerKAT telescope, its pathfinder, is now in operation and accessible to astronomy students through South Africa-led science projects.


A recent decision by Mansfield Entz to host a 4/20 bop seems in best case misguided and in the worst exclusive, and the decision of the Entz reps to rethink the bop is a welcome one.
A 4/20 bop sounds, to many, great fun, and this article is not an endorsement of some prohibitive stance against drug culture, nor an endorsement of any sort of drug culture – what adults choose to do in their spare time is completely up to them. However, a bop is an event in which the whole college community comes together, and in which every member of the college should be made to feel not only welcome, but accepted. College is a student's home. As a proud member of `the friendliest college in Oxford`, I do not think that a 4/20 bop is inclusive and welcoming, as every bop should be. Bops are an event that should involve all members of the college, from students who seldom go out to the Cellar regulars.
However, by proposing an event which seems somewhat exclusory, essentially available only to those who feel comfortable in an event based on this culture, the Entz reps who chose this theme have ignored the inclusivity that makes bops such great college events.
Firstly, those who disagree with drug culture are likely to avoid the bop on principle, rightly or wrongly, as a glorification of a culture that they disagree with. But even if the bop is not avoided on the basis of some strong principle, many students, I am sure, will feel uncomfortable in an environment which encourages and seemingly endorses a pro-drugs culture. The response of some Mansfield students shows that the bop was met with a negative reaction from at least some quarters, and this is clearly not in keeping with the inclusivity that a bop should be built upon. An addendum to the original email states that the bop was intended to celebrate 4/20, in part, as a recognised day of protest for legalisation. Yet, it seems clear to me that bops should be entirely apolitical, in order to allow the whole college community to be involved. Those who don't want to celebrate the protest for legalisation, or feel that it is misguided to describe 4/20 as `an iconic aspect of pop culture for our generation`, are left being excluded.
Of course, as with every bop, those who came up with the theme thought it would be light-hearted fun, I am sure, and let's not blow this out of proportion – it is not a particularly offensive theme. Those who criticise the theme on the grounds that it may lead to some sort of cultural appropriation are being somewhat hasty. If we start banning events because of pre-emptive concerns that someone might dress inappropriately, we wouldn't have any bops left. The Entz reps haven't really done anything seriously wrong, and although an apology is the right action to take, I am sure they didn't cause too much offense or distress. What they did do was fail to understand the needs of the college community as a whole, and this is a mistake which they correctly rectified.


In case of synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNT) with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) CNTs have a tendency of growing from catalyst particles. For wiring application, vertically aligned CNTs bundles grown from via holes can be used as the vertical interconnects bridging upper and lower layer of LSI multilayer. Therefore, the most important technology for interconnects application is forming catalyst particles at the bottom of nano size via holes. Although catalysts can normally be formed by sputtering and electron beam deposition, these methods have difficulty in depositing catalysts with high accuracy to the bottom of via holes. Figure 1(a) shows the catalysts formed at the via holes by sputtering. However, when the via diameter becomes small, the catalysts are deposited at the side wall of via holes and it is difficult to deposit catalysts in a controlled amount at the bottom of the via holes by sputtering. As shown in Fig. 1(b), ion implantation is a very interesting method for solving this problem. Ion implantation has high directional characteristics and catalysts can be implanted at the bottom of via holes in precisely controlled amounts. In this study, a focused-ion-beam (FIB) system was used as ion implantation method. The FIB has already been used to server and connect the LSI interconnects and can be applied easily in LSI processes. The FIB can irradiate ion beam as stated below. First, ions are occurred by applying the voltage to liquid metal ion source (LMIS) and the ion beam is focused by the first lens. Usually, the objective element to be ionized and other elements are used as LMIS to lower the melting point of the ion source. To extract the objective ion from LMIS, ions are mass separated by applying electric field and magnetic field to the beam using a E×B mass separator. Then, the output of the ion beam is controlled by passing the beam through a hole having a specific size and the ion beam is focused again by the second lens. The diameter of the beam is focused to about 10 -20 nm and the beam is irradiated to the sample on a stage.
We have succeeded in growing CNTs by forming catalyst particles on SiO2 using the ion implantation whose ion source is Ni (Fig. 2). From now on, we aim at fabricating the structure which has via holes and growing CNTs by forming catalyst particles at the bottom of via holes for wiring application.