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Home > Articles > Gadgets and Digital Lifestyle
Minecraft Basics
By James H. Clark, Cori Dusmann, John Moltz
It's a Crafty Business
The Lay of the Land
World-Generated Structures
Critters and Creatures
Unlimited Possibilities
Learn the basics of Minecraft, including crafting basics, the lay of the land, world-generated structures, and critters and creatures, in this excerpt from The Visual Guide to Minecraft: Dig into Minecraft with this (parent-approved) guide full of tips, hints, and projects!.
Visual Guide to Minecraft®, A: Dig into Minecraft® with this (parent-approved) guide full of tips, hints, and projects!
As its name suggests, Minecraft is a game in which you need to mine for (and otherwise harvest or collect) materials, which you can then craft into other items and materials. These materials largely consist of blocks that can be placed and removed to create pretty much anything you can imagine. Blocks can be made of stone, wood, glass, clay, wool, or fancy ores, and many can be crafted into a variety of forms. Other items include tools, food, books, potions, and so much more. Add to this all the creatures in the game, both friendly and hostile, and there is a lot to learn and discover.
One of the amazing things about Minecraft is that it is constantly changing and being updated. The creators at Mojang regularly release updates that introduce new blocks, items, and mobs. Players can get a glimpse of what is coming with something Mojang calls snapshots. Snapshots are pre-release versions of an update that players can download and try out. Because of these updates, books like this sometimes don't have the most up-to-date information. Version 1.8 is being released as this book is being completed, so while we look at some of the newest additions, they may change a bit.
It's always a good idea to check the wiki for the most recent information on things you're interested in. Of course, there is also much that won't change—we take a look at some of those items, mobs, places, and more.
It's a Crafty Business
Although the name of the game is Minecraft, many more ways exist to gather materials than simply mining, but there's just one basic way to craft them. Using a crafting bench and recipes, plus the required materials, you can build almost any item found in the game.
Crafting Basics
Crafting is the act of taking materials (also known as mats) and, using the crafting grid in your personal inventory (accessed by pressing E) or a crafting bench, creating something new from those mats. For instance, a player could take eggs, sugar, wheat, and milk, and by placing them in specific places on the grid in their crafting bench, make a cake (Figure 4.1). The items needed to craft something and their specific placement are called a recipe. A recipe could be for making a food item, such as cake, or a piece of armor, such as an iron chest plate.
FIGURE 4.1 The recipe for a cake, in place on a crafting bench grid.
Crafting a bench is simple. It is likely the first thing you'll make, because you'll need a crafting bench to create almost everything else. You need four planks, which you get by punching a tree; the tree will drop logs. When you open your inventory (by pressing E), you will see a 2x2 crafting grid on the right. When you place your log in the grid in the left, it will show you planks with the numeral 4 in the box on the right, indicating that one log makes four planks. Pick up those planks by hovering your cursor over them and then clicking. Drag them to the grid again, placing a plank in each of the four grid squares. A crafting bench will show in the square on the right (Figure 4.2).
FIGURE 4.2 The crafting grid in your inventory, showing how to make a crafting bench or table using four planks.
To use a crafting bench, you need to place it by holding it in your hand and right-clicking. Right-click it again, and your 3x3 crafting grid will open. Place the recipe items in the correct squares on the grid, and then pick up the item that appears in the single box by clicking.
You can distribute items along the crafting grid by right-clicking and holding the button down as you move over the grid—this will divide the items evenly between the squares you move over. You can also use your right mouse button to divide a pile of the same item in half. If you want to make more than one of an item, simply place that many of each of the items in the recipe grid and pick up all of them at once.
Most recipes require that you put the items needed into specific spots on the grid, such as making a torch by placing a piece of coal or charcoal directly above a wooden stick. These are known as shaped recipes. Some others, like making dye from flowers, are shapeless—it doesn't matter where on the grid you put your items.
Many recipes for shaped objects are the same no matter what materials you use. If you're building stairs, you'll place six blocks in the crafting table in a step shape (Figure 4.3), although those blocks might be cobblestone, stone brick, sandstone, red sandstone, any of the six types of wooden planks, nether brick, or quartz. When we're looking at recipes that can be crafted with many materials, I'll just show one material and list the others that also could be used.
FIGURE 4.3 Stairs recipe: six blocks will give four sets of stairs. Stairs can be made from any of the six types of wood, cobblestone, stone brick, sandstone, red sandstone, nether brick, or quartz.
Types of Basic Block
Minecraft has close to 400 unique items. We can't explore them all here, but we can take a quick look at some of the basic ones.
One of the main blocks in the game, and one that is vitally important in order to progress, is wood. When you start, you're able to punch trees with your bare hands to collect wood logs. You'll use wood to craft your first tools, a chest and crafting bench, handles for torches, and doors for your house.
You can punch a tree to break it into logs, but once you make a crafting bench, you can craft an axe, which will make the job of chopping trees for wood much easier.
Wood logs can be crafted into planks, which can then be used to make stairs, slabs, fences, and doors. Each wood has its own color and appearance (Figure 4.4), which is reflected in the planks and the items you craft.
FIGURE 4.4 Types of wood, and how each appears in different forms.
When you cut down a tree, you need only cut the trunk; the leaves will slowly despawn, likely dropping a sapling or two as they do, which you can plant for new trees. Sprinkling bonemeal on planted saplings will help them grow faster. Dark oak trees will grow only if you plant four saplings in a 2x2 square. Spruce and jungle saplings can also be planted in this way for super tall trees.
Stone, Sand, Dirt, and Gravel
You can fairly easily collect dirt, gravel, stone, and sand (Figure 4.5).
FIGURE 4.5 The dirt, gravel, stone, and sand blocks to be found and crafted.
Row 1: dirt, coarse dirt, grass, podzol, mycelium, gravel
Row 2: cobblestone, smooth stone, stone brick, cracked stone brick, chiseled stone, mossy cobblestone, mossy stone brick
Row 3: granite, polished granite, diorite, polished diroite, andesite, polished andesite
Row 4: sand, sandstone, chiseled sandstone, smooth sandstone, red sand, red sandstone, chiseled red sandstone, smooth red sandstone
Dirt and gravel can't be crafted into other forms, although dirt is needed for farming and is quick to dig with a shovel, making it useful for scaffolding. Coarse dirt, recently introduced, is a darker color and is found in the savannah, taiga, and mesa biomes. It can also be crafted with two blocks of gravel and two blocks of dirt, and when it is tilled with a hoe it becomes regular dirt.
Grass blocks, podzol, and mycelium are similar to dirt but with special properties. They all turn into regular dirt when they are dug up, unless you use a shovel that has been enchanted with Silk Touch, a somewhat rare enchant that allows you to harvest materials in their original form.
Grass blocks are dirt with grass on the top. When placed, the grass will spread to other dirt blocks (although it won't spread to coarse dirt). Podzol looks more like composted dirt; it is a specialized dirt that can grow mushrooms. You can find mycelium only in the Mooshroom Island biome; it is also used to grow mushrooms. Like grass, and unlike podzol, it will expand to connected dirt blocks.
Gravel and sand (regular and red sand) share the unique property of being affected by gravity, meaning that when they are placed, they will fall until they reach a solid block; other blocks remain suspended where placed. You can smelt sand and red sand in a furnace to create glass (more on glass later) and use it to craft sandstone, smooth sandstone, and chiseled sandstone.
You can craft stone into many forms, which gives it great flexibility as a building material. When you mine stone, it will turn to cobblestone, unless you use a pick that has a Silk Touch enchantment on it that will leave it in its original form. You can return cobblestone to its smooth stone form by smelting it in a furnace, and it can be crafted into slabs, fences, and stairs that have a cobblestone texture.
Smooth stone can be crafted into slabs, and it can also be crafted into stone brick, which in turn can be crafted into stairs and slabs.
As of the version 1.8 update, stone brick can also be combined with vines to make mossy stone brick (previously only found in dungeons). Stone brick slabs can be crafted into chiseled stone, which had only been found in jungle fortresses prior to the update.
Some new types of stone have been added: granite, diorite, and andesite. These stones are found when mining but can also be crafted with specific recipes. All three can be crafted into smooth versions, much like cobblestone, but cannot be crafted into stairs or slabs.
Glass is made by smelting sand in a furnace. Once you have glass blocks, you can craft panes of glass from them on your crafting bench (Figure 4.6). Glass can be dyed one of 16 colors, making stained glass. If you want to have colored panes of glass, you need to dye the blocks first and then make the glass panes.
FIGURE 4.6 Glass pane recipe: six glass blocks (of any color).
Clay (Figure 4.7) is found in riverbeds and on the ocean floor. Unless your shovel has a Silk Touch enchant, you will get balls of clay that you can craft back into blocks.
FIGURE 4.7 From left to right: clay ball, clay block, hardened clay, clay brick, brick block, brick slab, brick stairs, and flower pot.
You can smelt clay balls into clay bricks, which you can then craft into brick blocks. Brick blocks can be crafted into stairs and slabs and are often used as a main building material for houses, foundations, roofs, and fireplaces. Clay bricks are also used to make flower pots.
If you use unsmelted clay balls to form clay blocks, the blocks can be hardened in a furnace and then dyed. Because hardened clay has a reddish tone, when it is dyed the result will also be more reddish. For instance, any blue dyes will become more purple when put on hardened clay. We'll look at dyeing clay in the "Dye" section.
Ores are the minerals in the game, like coal, iron, redstone, and diamond (Figure 4.8). There are two types of ore: those that need to be smelted, like iron and gold, and those that shatter into pieces when mined, like coal, redstone, lapis lazuli, emerald, diamond, and nether quartz. When you smelt gold or iron, the bars are called ingots, and they can be crafted into blocks by placing nine ingots on a crafting bench.
FIGURE 4.8 Ores in their raw, mined, smelted, and crafted forms.
When you are mining these ores, you should use the correct pick. Although you can use a stone pick to mine coal, lapis lazuli, iron, and nether quartz, you can't mine redstone, gold, emeralds, and diamonds with anything weaker than an iron pick. A diamond pick is the strongest, and you'll need fewer hits to break the ore. Enchanted tools are the best, as a Silk Touch enchant allows you to mine ores and blocks without altering their original form, and Fortune will cause blocks you mine to drop more of the ores. These can't be applied to the same tool, but they can be enchanted alongside an Unbreaking enchantment, which makes gear last longer, or an Efficiency enchant, which helps you mine more blocks in less time.
Many other types of block exist. Some are found in the Overworld, like wool, obsidian, ice, and packed ice, while others require you to travel to other dimensions. You can find end stone only in the End, and you can find glow-stone, soul sand, and netherrack only in the Nether. You can even use some food blocks, like pumpkins and melons, for building.
Wool is harvested from sheep. You'll get one block of wool when you kill a sheep, whereas shearing them will cause the sheep to drop one to three blocks, and they will regrow their wool if they have grass to eat.
You can dye blocks of wool or an entire sheep one of 16 colors. It takes one dye per wool block or one dye per sheep, and since sheep can be shorn repeatedly, it makes more sense to dye the sheep than the individual pieces of wool. Sheep and wool can be re-dyed another color as well.
Dyed wool can be crafted into carpets or used to craft banners.
Ice is found in snowy biomes and can be harvested with a pick. It is slippery, so when you run on it you can move faster. You can use it to move items more quickly in harvesters. Ice melts when there are torches close by.
Packed ice is found only in the hard-to-find Ice Plains Spikes biomes. It doesn't melt, making it a better building block than ice.
Obsidian is a deep black, hard stone that can be mined only with a diamond pick. It is formed when lava and water meet. It can also be found in pillars in the End. Obsidian is the hardest minable block in Minecraft (bedrock can't be mined in survival games) and is useful when making explosive-proof defenses.
You need obsidian to make Nether portals, which you form by making a minimum 4x5 obsidian frame and lighting the inside.
Prismarine occurs in ocean monuments, a new structure introduced with the 1.8 version update. Prismarine, prismarine brick, and dark prismarine, along with glowing sea lanterns, are new blocks that you can mine in the monuments. You can also craft them from prismarine shards and crystals, which are dropped by the guardian mob, a fish that lives in and near the ocean monuments.
Nether blocks occur in the Nether (Figure 4.9). Most of the Nether is formed of netherrack, which is easy to mine (and lava, which is easy to fall into). With care, though, you can quickly collect netherrack, which can be smelted to form nether bricks. Nether bricks can be crafted into nether brick blocks, and from there into slabs and stairs.
FIGURE 4.9 Blocks, ores, and items found in the Nether.
You will find nether quartz mixed in with the netherrack. It can be collected like the other ores and crafted into quartz blocks, which can be used to make chiseled and pillar quartz blocks as well as slabs and stairs.
Soul sand is found in patches throughout the Nether and has the unique property of slowing you or mobs down when it is walked on. When placed in water or on ice, the effects are magnified, making it useful for traps. It is also the only block that you can grow nether wart on.
Dyes are crafted from various items found in the game: flowers, squid ink sacs, mined lapis lazuli gems, and harvested cocoa beans and cactus.
Dyes come in 16 colors. You use them to color wool, glass, clay, and leather armor. You also use dye to color firework stars, craft banners, and change the color of a dog's collar.
Crafting Dye
To craft the dye, you simply put the dye ingredient into a crafting grid and collect the dye. These are shapeless recipes—you can place the ingredient anywhere in the grid. Most dyes are craftable with a single ingredient, and may have more than one recipe (Figure 4.10), but a few need to be made by combining two dyes (Figure 4.11).
FIGURE 4.10 Many dyes can be crafted from a single ingredient, and often there is more than one way to craft them.
FIGURE 4.11 These dyes need to be crafted by combining two dyes on a crafting bench.
Dyeing Wool, Clay, and Glass
When dyeing wool, you need one piece of dye for each block of wool, and you can just drop the dye and wool in the crafting bench. To color carpets, you need to dye the wool blocks before crafting them into carpets.
When you are dyeing (or staining) blocks of glass or hardened clay, however, you place one piece of dye in the center of the crafting grid, surrounded by eight blocks of glass or clay (Figure 4.12). As with the wool, if you'd like stained glass panes instead of blocks, you must dye the blocks before crafting the panes.
FIGURE 4.12 Stained glass or clay recipe: place 8 blocks around the dye.
Even though the dye is the same, the effects are different for wool, clay, and glass due to the nature of the materials being dyed. The transparency of the glass changes the vibrancy of the colors, and the red tone of hardened clay is blended with the dyes, changing the resulting color (Figure 4.13).
FIGURE 4.13 From top to bottom: Stained glass panes, stained glass blocks, dyed wool, stained clay.
Dyeing Leather Armor
You can dye leather armor, but unlike any of the other methods of dyeing, you can combine dyes, both on the crafting bench or by adding colors to previously dyed armor (Figure 4.14). Thanks to the many color choices, you have millions of tones and shades to choose from, and it can be great fun to play with the options.
FIGURE 4.14 When dyeing leather, you can combine dyes to make unique color combinations.
Crafted from wool and sticks, banners are an exciting new decoration that can be hung on walls or placed on the floor. You can use dyes and items like vines, mob heads, and golden apples to create virtually endless and unique designs.
You can create patterns on a banner by placing the banner and the dye or other items in specific places on a crafting bench. You can layer up to six designs, wash them off one layer at a time in a cauldron, and copy them using a blank banner.
You can craft lots of patterns, including stripes, borders, shapes, and symbols. Experiment with them and check the wiki for basic recipes. Figure 4.15 shows you the basic banner pattern with three patterns layered over it.
FIGURE 4.15 A basic banner recipe: 6 wool blocks, stick (top left), 4 pieces of dye around the banner for a diamond (top right), a single dye above the banner for a circle (bottom left), and vines beside the banner for a wavy border (bottom right).
Tools and Gear
Basic tools and gear will be some of the first things you'll craft. The main tools are the pickaxe, shovel, hoe, and axe (Figure 4.16), but tools like flint and steel, shears, fishing rods, and leads will come in handy as well.
FIGURE 4.16 Basic tools: shovel, hoe, pickaxe, and axe here are made from diamond, although they can be crafted from wood, stone, gold, or iron as well.
Use your crafting bench to make your tools, using wooden sticks to make the handles and using wood, stone, gold, iron, or diamond for the heads.
The materials you choose (or have available) will affect how well your tool works and how long it will last. Some ores need an iron or diamond tool to be mined. When you start to use a tool (and this applies to armor as well), a meter will appear on the tool in your inventory, showing its durability.
Wooden tools are the least durable, diamond tools the most. Stone tools are great for starting out or for quick jobs, but they're not strong enough to mine all blocks. Gold, while pretty, is soft and will wear out quickly. Iron is a strong material that is less costly than diamonds, making it a good choice for basic tools until you've mined enough diamond (which you can only do with iron or diamond tools). If you use a tool on a block that it isn't suited for, such as cutting trees with a pick, it will take you longer and the tool will wear out faster.
Tools can be enchanted on an enchanting table by using experience points or by using an enchanted book with an anvil. They add specific bonus properties to your gear. If you put an Unbreaking enchantment on a tool, for example, it will last longer. You can repair and name tools on an anvil, but this takes both experience points and more of the material you use to craft your tool. When you name items, the name shows in your inventory. Named weapons show in death messages if you use them to kill an opponent. Because of the cost in experience points, you might want to use your enchantments for iron or diamond tools, which have the best endurance.
Tools have varying levels of efficacy, such as how many hits it takes to break a block. Diamond and iron are more efficient than wood, stone, or gold, meaning it takes fewer hits to break the block. You can get an Efficiency enchantment that means it will take fewer hits to break blocks, letting you work faster.
You will likely want to make other tools and items such as buckets, shears, and leads.
Buckets can be used to carry water, lava, and milk and are incredibly useful tools (Figure 4.17). You'll need a bucket to carry water for a farm, though a bucket of water in your hotbar (your main inventory, which shows at the bottom of your screen) can be a lifesaver when you are mining or exploring lava-filled caves. A bucket of milk can save your life if you are attacked by poisonous cave spiders or encounter a potion-throwing witch, because drinking milk is an antidote for their poison.
FIGURE 4.17 Bucket recipe: 3 iron ingots.
Shears are needed to shear sheep, giving you more wool than if you kill the sheep (Figure 4.18). You can also use shears on trees, which will give you leaf blocks, as opposed to cutting down the trees, which will result in the leaf blocks disintegrating. Shears are also helpful with cobwebs, turning them to string, and if you put a Silk Touch enchantment on shears with an enchanted book, you can use shears to collect cobwebs without breaking them.
FIGURE 4.18 Shears recipe: 2 iron ingots.
Leads are great tools for moving and containing mobs (Figure 4.19). By right-clicking the animal with the lead in your hand, you'll attach it and be able to pull it along. Right-click again on a fence and the lead will be tied to it. You can lead more than one animal at a time, each on a separate lead. While you're riding a horse or donkey, you can use a lead to bring a second horse or donkey along.
FIGURE 4.19 Lead recipe: 1 green slime ball and 4 pieces of string.
Flint and steel are used to start fires (Figure 4.20), but be careful, because trees and wooden houses are flammable, and it would be sad to see everything go up in flames. This is a handy tool for lighting Nether portals. Flint and steel can also occasionally be found in dungeon and fortress chests.
FIGURE 4.20 Flint and steel: flint and iron ingot.
Fishing rods are useful tools (Figure 4.21). Not only can you use them to catch fish (a good food source and needed to tame ocelots into cats), but you can also "catch" other items when you are fishing. The list of items you can catch is lengthy and divided into treasure and junk by Mojang. Some of the treasures include rare, uncraftable saddles and nametags, enchanted books, and fishing rods. Some of the junk includes useful items like leather, bottles, and ink sacs, though you might just catch boots (old, used, and without enchantments) or rotten flesh. You can enchant fishing rods with Lure or Luck of the Sea enchantments, which will speed up your fishing and increase your odds of getting a good catch.
FIGURE 4.21 Fishing rod recipe: three wood sticks and two pieces of string.
If you craft a fishing rod with a carrot, you'll get a carrot on a stick, which is needed if you want to saddle up a pig and go for a ride.
Weapons and armor are necessary tools if you're playing a survival game, and fun to play with even in Creative mode.
Swords (Figure 4.22), needed for defense from hostile mobs and to hunt animals for food, are crafted with a wooden stick for a handle, and wood, stone, gold, iron, or diamond for the blade (Figure 4.22). The properties are the same as for tools—iron and diamond last longer and are better than wood, stone, or gold.
FIGURE 4.22 Sword recipe: one wood stick and two diamonds (also craftable from wood, stone, gold, and iron).
Bows and arrows can be crafted or collected from skeletons (Figure 4.23).
FIGURE 4.23 Bow recipe: three sticks and three pieces of string (left); arrow recipe: flint, stick, feather (right).
There are four different pieces of armor: helmet, chest or chest plate, leggings, and boots (Figure 4.24). You can make armor from leather, gold, iron, and diamond, and they will have the same relative durability as tools made from each material. You can also enchant armor with various enchantments. Like tools, armor wears out and will need to be repaired or replaced. New with the 1.8 update, you also can craft an armor stand to hold your armor, mob heads, and pumpkins.
FIGURE 4.24 Helmet recipe: five diamonds; chest plate recipe: eight diamonds; leggings recipe: seven diamonds; boots recipe: four diamonds. Armor can also be crafted with the same recipes using leather, gold, or iron ingots.
Enchanting is a complex part of the game, and one that has changed with the 1.8 update. You can enchant tools, weapons, and books on a specially crafted enchanting table, and different items have different enhancements (Figure 4.25). Enchanting will cost you experience points (XP), and as of the 1.8 update, they will also cost you up to three lapis lazuli.
FIGURE 4.25 An enchanting table allows you to place a variety of enchantments on your items.
You can enchant books yourself, find them in chests in dungeons, or catch them when fishing. You can also use an anvil to combine enchants, or to add them to an item from an enchanted book. Village priests sometimes exchange enchanted items in trade for emeralds or other goods.
Enchanting is done on an enchanting table, which you can craft with diamonds, obsidian, and a book (Figure 4.26). You can increase the level of enchants that are available by surrounding your enchanting table with bookcases. For instance, at a table without shelves, you may enchant items costing only a couple of experience points, but as you add bookcases (up to 15 within a 5x5 square and not directly touching the enchanting table), your table will become more powerful, allowing you to use up to 30 experience points on one enchant. You have a higher chance of getting a good enchant when the XP cost is higher.
FIGURE 4.26 Enchanting table recipe: one book, two diamonds, and four obsidian blocks.
The new enchanting system also will cost you lapis lazuli, though it requires fewer XP. You have a choice of three enchants, depending on how many pieces of lapis you use, and you'll get a sneak peek at one of the enchants you'll receive, something that wasn't possible in earlier versions of the game (Figure 4.27).
FIGURE 4.27 The enchanting table menu. Here, I'm using two lapis lazuli, so only the top two enchants are available. Hovering over the second shows me I'll get an Unbreaking II enchant at a cost of 12 XP (when I did enchant the sword, the second enchant was a Smite II).
Enchants are specific to the item. For instance, you may get an Infinity enchant on a bow, which allows you to carry only one arrow but never run out, but you wouldn't get it on a pair of boots, on which you might get a Protection or Feather Falling enchant.
Enchanted books often have a combination of enchants that are unique to certain tools or items. You use an anvil to put the enchants on the item of your choice, but only the enchants that fit that item will be applied to it.
You collect experience points by mining ores, smelting items in a furnace, killing mobs (including friendly mobs like cows and pigs), and breeding animals. If you die, you lose your experience points.
You can gain experience points much faster by building a mob grinder, which makes use of one or more mob spawners to collect mobs. Usually a mechanism is created within the grinder that will weaken them so that they are easily killed. They may spawn above water, which will move them toward a chute and cause them to fall and take damage. You can then finish them off easily and collect the experience points. You can easily find designs for spawners online.
An anvil is used to repair and name gear, to combine enchants from various tools, and to apply enchants from books to gear. Like the enchanting table, all these actions cost experience points. You craft an anvil with iron bars and blocks (Figure 4.28).
FIGURE 4.28 Anvil recipe: three iron blocks and four iron ingots.
To use an anvil, right-click it, and then place the item to be repaired in the first box. In the second box, place a second one of the same item, an enchanted book (Figure 4.29), or raw materials. You will be told how many experience points the repair will cost, and you see from the bar on the item whether it will be fully or partially repaired. The repair is finished when you pick up the item. When you combine two enchanted items, the enchantments are combined on the repaired item. Anvils take damage when used and will eventually break.
FIGURE 4.29 Using an anvil to add an enchant to an item, such as this Luck of the Sea enchant on a fishing rod, costs experience points and will cause the enchanted item to glow. Here, I've renamed the fishing rod while enchanting it.
When you start a new map, chances are you'll do a lot of walking, but soon enough you might find that you've run out of land, or just that you'd like to hit the water in your own little boat. Once you've gathered enough materials or stumbled upon an abandoned mineshaft, you may want to set up rail lines too. And let's not forget that you can now travel by horse. There are many more ways to traverse the map than simply on foot. You can find information on horses in the "Mobs" section, but let's take a quick look at boats and rail.
Traveling by boat is how I prefer to start exploring a map, particularly if I am on a server with others and might want to get away from my spawn point before I settle but don't have many resources yet. I often find friendly mobs along the shore, and sometimes bump into a village. When you're traveling by boat, your hunger bar disappears and you won't need to eat. This is helpful when you're starting out—you can head to the sea at night, avoid mobs, not need food, and explore the coast line.
All you need to make a boat is five planks, which is easy even when you're just starting out (Figure 4.30). Boats break exceptionally easily, dropping planks and sticks—and you. It is wise to make and carry a few boats, or at least carry some extra planks or logs to make more.
FIGURE 4.30 Boat recipe: five planks.
You place a boat by right-clicking it, then right-clicking again to get in. To move, use W to move forward while steering with your mouse. Move backward with the S key. Be careful to avoid land and obstacles when you're in your boat or it might break. To get out (presuming it didn't break when you arrived ashore), Shift-click.
Minecarts
Minecarts, like boats, can be ridden, and you use the same mechanics for getting in and out of the cart. Although you are restricted to traveling only where rails have been laid, carts are much faster than walking, and they can be used to transport mobs and items (Figure 4.31). To get moving in a cart, you need to start your minecart on a slope or get a push, unless you use powered rails and a button to launch you. Once in motion, you will slow down pretty quickly unless you use a powered minecart or powered rails to propel you.
FIGURE 4.31 Minecart recipe: five iron ingots.
Once you make a minecart, you can combine it on a crafting bench with a furnace, a chest, a hopper, TNT, a mob spawner, or a command block to create specialized carts (Figure 4.32).
FIGURE 4.32 You can add items to a minecart.
You can make a powered minecart that carries a furnace filled with coal, and this can be placed alongside other minecarts to make a train. Powered minecarts can only push the other cars, not pull them, so you need to place it at the back of the train, or place one at either end. To start your minecart, right-click it with your fuel (coal or charcoal) while facing the direction you'd like it to move.
Adding a chest to a minecart allows you to use it for storage or to transport items. If you put a hopper on a minecart, it will collect items on or just above the track. The amount of material that a chest or hopper is holding will change how far the cart will go using powered tracks; a full cart will need more powered tracks to keep it running.
A TNT minecart will activate and explode just as TNT does. It will explode if it drops more than three blocks at the end of a track, if it crosses an activator rail (there is a delay before it explodes), if it hits lava or water, or if it is hit by something while it is moving. Be careful when you're playing with TNT, because the explosion will cause damage to you and the surrounding area.
Tracks, or rails, are easily crafted with iron and a stick (Figure 4.33). You can also find them in abandoned mineshafts, where they are easy to collect with a pick. Tracks are needed for minecarts, but basic unpowered tracks won't help the cart move unless you use a powered minecart or add powered rails along the route.
FIGURE 4.33 Minecart tracks or rails recipe: six iron ingots and a stick.
Powered rails (Figure 4.34) use redstone power to either propel trains (when they are on) or to stop them (acting as brakes when they are off). They need to be powered, usually with a lever or a redstone torch or block placed beside or under the powered rails, although they can be powered by detector rails as well.
FIGURE 4.34 Powered rails recipe: six gold ingots, a stick, and redstone dust.
You can lay rails on your route in many ways, and there have been all sorts of experiments to see how hills, weight of the cars, number of cars, and other factors affect the speed and length of time the minecart will travel before it loses speed. A fairly agreed upon spacing is to have one powered rail for every 38 regular rails, although often people will place one after 25 or 30 rails. Feel free to experiment and look online to see what others have done. The Minecraft wiki is a great source for more information on rails, including activator rails, which activate TNT, hoppers, and command block carts, and detector rails, which provide power when weight crosses them.
You can use minecarts and tracks for transportation across distances, to transport many items at once, and for fun. Making elaborate rollercoasters can be a great challenge, and they are fun to ride.
Once you've been playing for a while and collected many items (and let's face it, Minecraft is a game for hoarders and collectors), you'll be ready to start looking at crafting potions.
Potions come in two forms: a drinkable version, and a splash potion that you can throw at others. Some provide personal benefits, like being able to move faster or become invisible, while others can be used defensively, such as a splash potion that will weaken or slow your enemies.
There are several steps to brewing potions, but before you begin any of them, you need to craft a brewing stand (Figure 4.35). A brewing stand is easy to craft, but its recipe needs a blaze rod, which you can only get from hunting a blaze in a Nether fortress—it might take you a while before you can get the blaze rod to craft the brewing station. You can place the brewing station on most block surfaces. Many players have brewing rooms where they gather all the materials they need to brew potions, as well as a cauldron or an endless water supply for filling bottles of water.
FIGURE 4.35 Brewing stand recipe: one blaze rod and three cobbleston.
Brewing potions requires several steps. We're going to make a Potion of Invisibility to illustrate the steps.
All potions except the Potion of Weakness start with an Awkward Potion for the base. For this we need glass bottles of water and nether wart, a plant that grows only on soul sand and is found in nether fortresses. You can craft the bottles from glass blocks (Figure 4.36).
FIGURE 4.36 Glass bottle recipe: three glass blocks.
The brewing stand can brew three bottles of potion at a time, using a single ingredient that is divided between the three bottles, so it makes sense to always make three potions.
To make your Awkward Potion, fill your glass bottles with water by clicking them into an endless water source or a cauldron. Click the brewing stand to open it, and place your bottles of water in it. Add a piece of nether wart to the space at the top, and wait for your potion to brew (Figure 4.37).
FIGURE 4.37 Adding nether wart to bottles of water in a brewing stand to make an awkward potion.
Once you have your base potion, you will add the next potion ingredient to the brewing stand. For some potions, this might be the final step, but in order to make a Potion of Invisibility, we need to first make a Potion of Night Vision. To do this, leave the bottles of Awkward Potion where they are and add a golden carrot (made by surrounding a carrot with golden nuggets on the crafting bench).
When the brewing is complete, you'll have a Potion of Night Vision that will last for three minutes.
Since we're making the Potion of Invisibility, we need to leave the bottles where they are and add a third ingredient. We need a fermented spider eye, which we craft by combining a brown mushroom, sugar, and a spider's eye on a crafting bench. Add the fermented spider's eye to the brewing stand, and wait for it to process. The wait times are short—you can have several stands brewing at once and by the time you're putting the ingredients in the last one, the first will be ready for the next step.
Once the brewing is complete, you will have three bottles of potion of invisibility, but they will only last for three minutes. For the very low cost of a piece of redstone dust, you can extend that to eight minutes. Leave the potions where they are and add the redstone.
Once you have your potions, remove them from the stand. To drink them, hold one in your inventory and right-click. If you want to turn these potions into splash potions, leave them in the brewing stand and add one final ingredient: gunpowder will turn any potion into a splash potion and can be added at any step.
As you can see, brewing can be a complex and complicated process, both in the ingredients needed and in the steps to take. Once you break the steps down, however, and remember that some things are the same no matter what potion you're brewing, it becomes much easier.
There are more potions than we have room to list here, but you can find the recipes for all of them online. Remember that almost all potions start with an Awkward Potion base. Most can be extended from three to eight minutes with redstone dust, or in some cases made more potent with glowstone dust, though redstone dust will cancel the effects of glowstone dust and vice versa. To make a splash potion, add gunpowder. The rest of the ingredients are unique to the potion, but are easily found online. Have fun brewing!
You can make over 900 different varieties of fireworks. With all those options and a bit of time and energy, you can put on an amazing fireworks show. Because quite a few of the parts are hard to come by, it is good to experiment with fireworks on a creative map, where you can use all the materials you want.
Fireworks are made from a firework rocket and a firework star. If you craft the rocket without adding the star, it will shoot but there won't be any explosives. Firework stars are crafted to contain dye (16 colors to choose from) and special effects items. You then craft your firework rocket, including the firework star (or stars, you can add more than one to a single firework rocket) and one, two, or three pieces of gunpowder, which will determine how high your firework will shoot (Figure 4.38).
FIGURE 4.38 Lime green small firework star with a trail recipe: lime green dye, gunpowder, and a diamond.
To make a firework star, you need one piece of gunpowder and up to 8 colors of dye.
To design the shape of your firework, you can add one (and only one) of the following: a fire charge to make a large ball, a gold nugget for a star shape, a feather for a burst, or a creeper head for a creeper-head-shaped explosion. In addition, if you add a diamond, your firework will leave a trail, and if you add glowstone dust, it will sparkle.
Once you have made your firework star or stars, it is time to add them to your rockets. To make your firework rocket, you will need a piece of paper, up to three pieces of gunpowder (these determine height, remember), and one or more firework stars (Figure 4.39).
FIGURE 4.39 Recipe to craft a firework rocket: 1 piece of paper; 1, 2, or 3 pieces of gunpowder (to set the height); and up to 7 fireworks stars.
Go Crafting
This should give you a good taste of some of the ways that you craft items in Minecraft. There are many more, from foods to all sorts of blocks for building, and from books you can write in, to furniture for your house. Experiment with the various items, see what recipes you can discover, and devise new designs. Most of all, be creative and have fun!
A Beginner's Guide to Writing Minecraft Plugins in JavaScript
By Walter Higgins
Minecraft Redstone Essentials and Must-Do Projects
By Cori Dusmann
Downloadable Video $3.99
Get Started with Minecraft®
By John Moltz


When the soil is ready for planting, the farmer uses a grain drill to plant the wheat seeds. The last lesson in the unit is actually on point of view. Encourage the students to place about 5 seeds around the sides of the cup to allow for observation of the germination process and root growth. The wheat seeds are then transported to a mill to be ground into flour. Little Red Hen Learning Activities for preschool, pre-k, and kindergarten.
The hen has a tail, wings, a comb, wattle, and webbed feet. Join today and dramatically reduce your planning time while delivering fresh, innovative drama lessons to your students! This creates some discussion to make sure the students understand. Cut Action Action involved in growing the wheat. Mouse Bead and bread ties A mouse has whiskers on its face. Copy the front cover of several different Little Red Hen books.
Garden Green pipe cleaners in rows Gardens are planted in rows. Then students discuss the point of view of the Little Red Hen. Two sheets are included, a three part and a four part story sequencing sheet to meet the needs of your students. I ask the class if they have ever thought about how a story might be different if it was told by one of the characters instead of a narrator. You can access for free download. For more support, explore our to further enhance your lesson and unit-creation skills.
Offstage Players Said the Cat! Hard-red winter wheat and hard-red spring wheat are the most popular types of wheat in the United States. Include a bin of wheat seeds, wheat stalks, a bin of wheat flour, characters from The Little Red Hen, and clay to represent the bread dough. Custom harvesters take their combines across the country during the wheat harvest, going from farm to farm cutting wheat. Winter wheat is harvested in May, June, and July. Flour is used to make many different food products. These types of wheat have less protein.
Then comes helping the students understand the characters perspective, their feelings. Plant Action Action involved in growing the wheat. Explain to the students that plants need water, but too much water can be harmful. The class signals thumbs up or down to agree or disagree. To harvest the seeds, the wheat must be cut, threshed, and winnowed. We can put the cups by the window for light from the sun.
The script is four pages long and can run up to ten minutes. Offstage Players Said the Lamb! Use our to guide you through the process of writing your own activities, lessons, and units. I show the students a model of a letter I wrote to a person who works at our local newspaper about from the point of view of one of the characters. The story teaches lessons about working hard, helping others, staying active, and the importance of earning. My students listen to the story as I read. As an early childhood trainer, I have spoken to thousands of teachers in person at popular early childhood conferences such as Frog Street Splash, I Teach K! Wheat Object Main object in the story.
Next, she harvested the wheat. You can cut yellow construction paper into strips and bundle the strips to create wheat props. Unlike any other plant-derived food, wheat contains gluten protein that causes leavened dough to rise, forming very small gas cells that hold carbon dioxide during fermentation. Compare and Contrast Materials: copies of the front of several different Little Red Hen stories, glue stick, chart paper, markers. So, we are predicting how the story would change by analyzing the character's perspective.
Reviewing the steps in the story, plant the seeds, water the seeds, etc. These pre-K lesson plans may be adapted for use at other grade levels but are most effective when integrated into a coherent and cumulative. I have to roll in the mud! To prepare the soil for planting wheat, a farmer drives a tractor that pulls a plow through the fields. I knew this would be an important concept to review because a student may have never heard of or know what a hoe is, whereas they may be familiar with a shovel. Explain that inside the head of the wheat plant are wheat seeds, just like the seeds they planted in Activity 2.


Charles D. Harris, 88, of Frost, TX passed away Saturday, November 17, 2018 in Midlothian, TX. He was born on March 5, 1930, to William Paul Harris and Bessie Marie (Coddington) Harris in Economy, Indiana. He grew up in Indiana, until he joined the United States Air Force and served for three years during the Korean Conflict in the Pacific.
After he was honorably discharged, Charles attended college as Asbury University in Wilmore, Kentucky, where he graduated with an Associate's Degree, and he married Mary Elizabeth Miller. Charles became the Executive Director of United Way Agencies and MHMR, allowing him to work in Texarkana, Mount Pleasant, and Dallas.
In 1986, Charles married Callie Sue McClure, and they spent 32 loving years together. He was a wonderful husband who always practiced the utmost form of chivalry. He passed on to his sons what it means to be a true gentleman: holding doors, coming to the dinner table with a tucked in shirt, amongst other redeeming qualities. Charles grew up in the Church of the Nazarene, but has been a member of the First United Methodist Church in Frost for the past 15 years.
Charles is survived by his beloved wife, Callie Harris; son, Greg Harris and wife Beverly; son, Guy Harris and wife Debbie; daughter, Kathy Barron and husband Troy; daughter, Karla Wright and husband Ron; 8 grandchildren: Lendea Venegas, Hudson Harris, Blake Harris, Bryan Harris, Tracy Gutierrez, Nicole Jackson, James Fischer, and Jessica Holt, as well as 10 great grandchildren.
Charles is preceded in death by his parents, William and Bessie Harris, and brothers, Eugene and Thurl Harris.
Pallbearers are Rolando Gutierrez, Derrick Jackson, James Fischer, Paxton Holt, Blake Harris, and Hudson Harris.
A visitation will be held on Wednesday, November 21, 2018 from 10 AM until 11 AM at the First United Methodist Church in Frost: 121 E. North Front Street. Funeral services will be held immediately following at 11 AM, with Rev. Kevin Diggs and Pastor Leah Hitte-Gregory officiating. His granddaughter, Lendea Venegas will also be singing. Interment will follow at Frost Cemetery.
An online guestbook is available to sign at www.corleyfuneralhome.com and selecting the Charles Harris obituary.
To send flowers to the family of Charles Duane Harris , please visit our Heartfelt Sympathies Store.
Dear Family, I am so very sorry about the loss of year dear loved one. May the thought at Job 33:25 give you comfort in knowing that Mr. Harris will return to the days of his youth and be able to enjoy life without the infirmities of old age. My sincere condolences to you.
Callie and Family, I was so very sorry to hear of Charles' passing. May God wrap His loving arms of peace and comfort around you during these difficult days ahead. God bless you!
You will always be loved and missed Pop!
Greg and family, We are thinking of you during this time. Love you.
So sorry to hear about Uncle D's passing. He always made me smile every time he visited Indiana. I will cherish the many fond memories of time I was able spend with him. My prayers are with Greg and Guy and your families.
Our prayers are with your family Uncle D...love and miss you!


This is my second Thanksgiving overseas. For the first several years after we got married, Bryan and I flew from Boston to California for Thanksgiving. There, we would enjoy the Che family tradition, which involved all the fixings of a very traditional American Thanksgiving meal. His mom learned how to make Thanksgiving turkey from her American host family back when she first moved to the US. Their family has been doing traditional Thanksgiving for as long as anyone can remember.
As time went by and it became harder for us to fly all the way to California over such a short holiday weekend, Bryan's mom shifted "Thanksgiving" and began making that same turkey meal over the Christmas holiday. She made a point to preserve that family tradition for us, no matter when we could make it back to California.
As a result, not a single year has passed by where I have not been able to enjoy that exact same meal.
And I do mean exact.
But there's something about the sameness and consistency of it all that makes the meal that much more special. At this point, I don't think we would have it any other way. THIS is Thanksgiving at the Che family home – everything from the super crunchy twice-baked cookie-sheet flattened stuffing (heh, we like it crunchy!) and the microwave steamed yams to the succulent turkey and the world's best gravy made from all the giblets and browned turkey wings.
A couple years ago I asked Bryan's mom to share her "recipe" with me. As you know with Chinese moms, there is never really a recipe. It's just a series of general steps and lots of secret know how.
If I'm still in Hong Kong next year, perhaps I'll try making this myself. It's too late now (considering it's Thanksgiving today!). At the very least I can share with you the "recipe" that she shared with me.
I'm already looking forward to this Christmas, where I know we'll be enjoying that same meal again. Until then, I'll just enjoy these photos in anticipation of next month.
Remove wings at joint and set aside along with the neck, heart, liver, and gizzard.
You will use this to make the gravy later.
Rub the inside and outside of the turkey with salt, pepper, and garlic powder. Fill the turkey cavity with wine (2-3 cups or more!). Bake, covered partially with foil, breast side down at 325 for 3 hours.
Turn the turkey so that the breast is facing up.
Remove the foil and put turkey back in the oven to brown. Let turkey cool on rack.
Find a pro, ideally someone with an electric knife, to carve the turkey.
Serve! Eat with lots of gravy, mashed potato, and cranberry sauce. Repeat multiple times until you can no longer move. Enjoy leftovers for the next several days, perhaps with some Che pumpkin cakes.
Boil the removed browned wings, neck, heart, liver, and gizzard in about 2 cups water to make a broth.
When turkey is done, pour out drippings, taking care to remove the fat (e.g., use oil separator?).
In order to scrape off all of the drippings, heat the pan on a stove with 1-2 cups water. Add drippings/water mixture to the broth. Remove any bones by picking off the meat. Blend the meat (chop up into small pieces if necessary) and liquids together in a blender. Add flour + water mixture until gravy is to desired consistency.
Melt butter. Add bread crumbs, 1-2 cups of the turkey wings broth to butter and stir until the bread crumbs absorb the broth. Add celery. Bake covered for 30 minutes and the uncovered for an additional 15 minutes.
This is the thirty-second post in the updated #50Postsin50Days – Take 2 Challenge. Other posts in this series will be added to the bottom of the original post.
Though moving across the world may have been daunting, you and your husband seem to be making the very best of it. Happy Thanksgiving to you and your family; a holiday isn't dependent upon geographical location, right?


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« Free Kindle E-Books For Whole Family on Amazon.
Essential Contact Phone Numbers For Thurles »
In Irish Rep. – 38 Deaths – 1068 New Covid-19 Cases
The Department of Health has confirmed that 38 more people have died overnight from the Covid-19 virus here in the Republic of Ireland. This confirmation sadly brings the overall death toll to-date, to 444.
Of these 38 deaths confirmed today, 29 were in the east of the country, 6 in the west and 3 in the south.
Here in Co. Tipperary there were 18 new cases of Covid-19 confirmed overnight, thus bringing the total number suffering from this pandemic virus, in the Premier County, to 237 cases.
A total of 1068 identified new cases of the coronavirus have also been diagnosed in the Republic. This figure includes 411 cases identified by a German testing centre; bringing the total since conception to 12,547.
Of the cases confirmed across the Republic of Ireland to date, community transmission has been identified as the cause in 52% of cases, local transmission is responsible for 42%, and 6% of cases are connected to travel abroad.
Stay At Home – Stay Safe.
April 15th, 2020 | Category: Community News, Health | |

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Teleport a div using jquery while scrolling I'm wondering if it is possible to "teleport" a div into another part of the DOM using jQuery on scrolling.
For example, let's say I have an article:
Title
Subt 1
Div area 1
Content 1

Where subt is subtitle and div area is where the div will be included.
So I need to achieve this result:
While the user will be scrolling, the div will be jumping from area to area
     **-- If I scroll from here --**

Subt 1
        Div area 1
        Content 1

       Subt 2
        Div area 2
        Content 2

       Subt 3
        Div area 3
        Content 3

    **-- To here --**
       Subt 4
        Div area 4 -- The div will appear inside of here --
        Content 4

I don't want the div to appear at all places at once, it's just that it will follow the scrolling moving from one area to another one. I not even know how search this in google, that's why I'm asking.
Thx in advance

A: The method you'll want to use is jQuery's detach (https://api.jquery.com/detach/)
// Detach is to splice from the DOM
$SwappedElement = $('#HotSwapDiv').detach();
// substitute logic to determine div position by window scroll
$DestinationDivArea = $('#div_identifier)
// Append (attach to end) of Destination div
$DestinationDivArea.append( $SwappedElement );

You can listen to the window scroll event with the following, in jQuery:
$(window).scroll(function() {
  // Get current window scroll amount in pixels
  iPixelsScrolledFromTop = $(window).scrollTop();
  // Get the amount from the top of one of your divs
  iDivAreaPixelsFromTop = $('#div_identifier').offset().top;
  // Arbitrary calculation to see if target div is 250 pixels away from scroll
  if( iPixelsScrolledFromTop > (iDivAreaPixelsFromTop - 250) )
    :> //Insert swap logic from above
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home/Virginia/Busch Gardens popular ride is becoming history early next year
Busch Gardens popular ride is becoming history early next year
Donald Wolfe Send an email December 20, 2022
Credit: Busch Gardens / Facebook
Williamsburg, Virginia – Even before guests enter the park, they can see the massive spire tower over the trees. This thrill ride takes guests on the ride of their lives. The tallest attraction in the park, Mäch Tower® lifts up to 30 riders nearly 240 feet above Oktoberfest. After rotating at the top of the tower and getting a few seconds to take in the view, riders drop at breathtaking speed.
This is the Mäch Tower's description on the Busch Gardens website. But the Mäch Tower's description won't stay on the website for much longer because Busch Gardens' officials decided to close the ride for good as early as next month.
First introduced in 2011, the 240-foot Mäch Tower has become one of the most popular and well-known Busch Gardens attractions. The ride can take up to 30 people at once, and it slowly rotates as it approaches the upper limit. The riders are then briefly held "up in the sky" before the ride starts its "free fall" to the ground, reaching speeds of about 50 mph.
Busch Gardens confirmed that the ride will be operational until January 8th. This is Christmas Town's end date, and park officials want to make the ride available for those interested in taking one last ride before Mäch Tower is permanently closed. We tried to get in touch with the park officials, but we were not given any additional details about the ride's closure other than the official statement on the park's website.
Since opening at Busch Gardens in 2011, Mäch Tower has thrilled riders for over a decade. After review and consideration of overall guest satisfaction, we have made the decision to close Mäch Tower permanently. Now through January 8, we invite you to drop in for one more ride on this spiraling drop tower (ride availability subject to change), Busch Gardens said on its website.
There are no specific plans for Mäch Tower replacement, but Busch Gardens has previously announced that a new indoor roller coaster will open in 2023. If everything goes as planned, the new roller coaster should be operational in the first half of the next year.
DarKoaster is being billed as the world's first all-indoor straddle coaster and the first straddle coaster built in Virginia. The upcoming ride will feature four accelerating launches with speeds of up to 26 mph and a grand total of 2,454 feet of track.
Donald's writings have appeared in HuffPost, Washington Examiner, The Saturday Evening Post, and The Virginian-Pilot, among other publications. He is a graduate of the University of Virginia. He is the Virginian Tribune's Publisher.
Two dead and several injured in Williamsburg fatal crash last week, new details emerged
Virginia among states running pilot-program in building roads from plastic-mixture material


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Recognised as the go-to industry experts for wastewater treatment in the marine sector, AFECO have recently published an experts article for Superyacht Technology on the alternatives to dumping wastewater in ports.
The article explains the different types of wastewater generated on board superyachts: black water and grey water. Black water is wastewater and sewage from toilets. Grey water in the wastewater from baths, sinks, laundry and kitchen which can include fats, detergents and chemicals. Both types of wastewater can damage ecosystems if discharged into aquatic environments.
The challenge facing vessels is how to handle and treat these waste waters in the most environmentally sensitive yet cost effective manner whilst ensuring compliance with relevant legislation.
The treatment of these wastewaters is the subject of a number of MEPC (Marine Environment Protection Committee) resolutions but knowing how to effectively meet these requirements can be challenging. For a start, there are numerous suppliers of wastewater treatment systems and knowing which one would be best suited to your vessels requirements and operation can be a challenge. Secondly, understanding where you are permitted to discharge treated wastewater overboard and the costs of disposing of these wastewaters whilst in port can impact the operational costs of a vessel.
AFECO is a dynamic, specialist engineering services and solutions provider focussed on servicing the immediate and future needs of the water, marine and energy sectors. AFECO offer a comprehensive range of professional services, solutions and products, based on a strong core expertise of process, chemical, mechanical, electrical and ICA engineering. With services ranging from the provision of expert consultancy, asset optimisation, concept development, engineering design, site installation and commissioning, AFECO have the skills and experience to provide a complete and integrated project delivery and support service. With a strong focus on robust and appropriate, yet innovative and cost-effective solutions, AFECO have established a reputation of professionalism, efficiency and innovation. AFECO is a subsidiary of EcoGenR8 Limited, a cleantech innovation and development company.
SUPERYACHT TECHNOLOGY is a company dedicated to digital marketing for the superyacht sector and is the only publication focused purely on technology. Through their website and a monthly online interactive magazine, Superyacht Technology seeks to bring the latest technologies to engineers and captains, shipyards, project managers, technical managers and ETO's.


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MEDICAL USES
MiMedx Group, Inc.
MiMedx is a biopharmaceutical company developing, manufacturing and marketing biologics utilizing human placental-based allografts for multiple sectors of healthcare. "Treating more patients with better outcomes" is the framework behind our mission to elevate the standard of care in the communities we serve.
We process human placental-based allografts using Purion®, a unique patented method that is in accordance with the American Association of Tissue Banks (AATB) standards. MiMedx placental-based allografts come from donated C-sections of live births in the US. The product undergoes active preservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulatory proteins, and removal of blood contaminants via a proprietary cleansing process. For an additional level of safety, the product is terminally sterilized.
MiMedx placental-based allografts are SMR2T™ Technology (Selective Membrane of Reparative and Reconstructive Tissue) which provides a semi-permeable protective barrier to support the healing cascade. The allografts protect the wound bed to aid in the development of granulation tissue and provides a human biocompatible extracellular matrix that retains 250+ regulatory proteins.1-3
Since our founding, research and development has been the cornerstone of our organization. As a result, we have grown to be the leader in placental-based products with over 40 scientific and clinical publications, multiple published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), and ongoing clinical studies. MiMedx has over 45 placental tissue issued and allowed patents on our products and technologies, with additional applications pending.
MiMedx has supplied over 2 million placental-based allografts to date for application in the Wound Care, Burn, Surgical, Orthopedic, Spine, Sports Medicine, Ophthalmic and Dental sectors of healthcare.
MiMedx is dedicated to ensuring the highest standard of integrity and care throughout the entire placenta donation process.
We are committed to the following:
seamless communication between your physician, you and your family, and the MiMedx staff
ensuring the donated tissue is recovered and processed using state-of-the-art technology, and producing safe and clinically relevant products for the patient who receive them
pioneering the latest advances in amnion-based products
educating clinicians and patients about the benefits of the placental-based treatments
We look forward to meeting the medical challenges of today and to playing a key role in the medical successes of tomorrow. Contact us to receive additional information about MiMedx at:
MiMedx Tissue Services, LLC, a MiMedx Group, Inc. Company
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1. Koob, et al. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2014 Aug;102(6):1353-62. 2. Lei, et al. Adv Wound Care. 2017 Feb 1;6(2):43-53. 3. MM-RD-00086, Proteome Characterization of PURION Processed Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane (dHACM) and PURION PLUS Processed Dehydrated Human Umbilical Cord (dHUC) Allografts.
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text:
Ел Чалавите има више значења:

 Ел Чалавите (Лолотла), насеље у савезној држави Идалго у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Сан Фелипе Оризатлан), насеље у савезној држави Идалго у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Силитла), насеље у савезној држави Сан Луис Потоси у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Колипа), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Озулуама де Маскарењас), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Пануко), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Урсуло Галван), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику
 Ел Чалавите (Јекуатла), насеље у савезној држави Веракруз у Мексику

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
"Effortless" Beauty Is a Myth, and Can Everyone Just Stop?
I am not here for your "perfectly imperfect" anythings.
By Hannah Chase
Design by Katja ChoGetty Images
As a woman in comedy, I look up to Kate McKinnon. She's smart, confident, self-possessed, and brave. She's been an out lesbian from the beginning of her career. She not only sings, but can also play the guitar, cello, and piano. And, in a time where women have been consistently shut down and silenced in comedy, McKinnon has remained fearless and loud. So when I saw her on the cover of Vanity Fair this month, I felt proud and validated, like one of my own had "made it" and was getting the recognition she deserved.
But that was before I read her interview. Because sandwiched between artfully posed Annie Leibovitz photos was a 4,000-word profile from writer Lili Anolik that managed to reduce McKinnon, a fiercely well-spoken human and talented comedian, to the same female trope we've seen over and over again: A "very pretty" doll that exists only to be admired and appraised. One who, according to Anolik, is "dressed real-person down" for the interview, "i.e., badly: oversize T-shirt and pants that aren't quite sweat, but close enough; sneakered feet; face cosmetics-free; hair in a ponytail, or, rather, what would be a ponytail if she hadn't failed to tug the hair all the way through the elastic, leaving it in a sort of ponytail-bun limbo."
In fact, Anolik can hardly handle how pretty Very Pretty McKinnon (VPM) is, writing, "as quickly as I'm struck by how un-vain she is, I'm struck by how much she has to be vain about," before defining her as "small-bodied and full-lipped with cat eyes—pale blue and almond-shaped and slanting—tawny skin and hair, dimples she can twitch into existence without even smiling." And, in case you were curious, VPM is "33 [years old], but appears younger, a few years out of college."
This Woman Makes Stunning Art Out of Stretch Marks
Shonda Rhimes Talks Double Standards in Beauty
Yes, this was all written in 2017 about a woman who I thought was known for being a badass impersonator of the first female presidential nominee in history. But what pissed me off wasn't that McKinnon only said six things in the entire article, or that she was stripped of all the facts that matter—it was that this brief dissection of her appearance once again encapsulated a double standard I think all women can relate to: the idea of being effortlessly beautiful; i.e. the expectation that women be both totally "un-vain," as described by Anolik, and yet still vain enough that we're seen as universally attractive and desirable. Which, if I'm doing my logic correctly, is impossible. And ridiculous.
But lest you think McKinnon's profile is the lone outlier in a totally evolved society, I'd like to remind you of a hit song from a few years back, called "You Don't Know You're Beautiful," which gently reminds women that "what makes you beautiful" is when you have no idea that you're beautiful. (So whatever you do, don't think about it! You'll lose your pretty! You can't know that you're beautiful! Stop!). At least, you know, according to the boys of One Direction. And it's not just them—a quick google image search for "effortless beauty" in advertisements pulls up a truly laughable smattering of models with perfectly "imperfect" tousled hair, bright-white teeth, and zero pores (not even one—I checked). They have just the right amount of makeup to look "dewy" and "fresh-faced," just enough to look "naturally" pretty.
Uh, oh–caught in the act of being a woman again!
But what I want to know is, aside from the Photoshop, what are these women's skincare regimens? How much sleep do they average per night? How much water do they really drink? How often do they exercise? How much time do they spend each day thinking about their appearance? I'd guess at least a little for all of the above, which means that by Anolik and One Direction's implied standards, this basic level of self-care kicks them over the "effortless" limit, earning them the label of self-absorbed and, ugh, gross, human.
Of course, I'm sure that neither Anolik nor One Direction nor the majority of people who have ever met a woman truly believes that caring about your health and appearance on some level makes you insufferably vain. But society's ideal image of a woman is already such an impossible mess of contradictions, we end up perpetuating and believing in all of them, especially when they're handed to us by pop culture. I mean, based on what we see on TV alone, we get the sense that the ideal woman should be thin and fit, but should also love to chow down on cheeseburgers. She shouldn't take her appearance too seriously, but she should also be a knockout that you're proud to show off to your friends. She shouldn't be "high maintenance," but she's definitely put together.
Unfortunately, all of these restrictions leave little wiggle room for reality, which means if a real woman has acne, it's seen as gross, but if she layers on the concealer, it's viewed as vain. Wrinkles? Past her prime, but getting Botox? Shameful. Too much effort makes a woman appear shallow and "ugly," yet not enough effort leaves her looking disheveled and, yup, still "ugly." And regardless of where you fall on the spectrum of trying, all of these paradoxes still create yet another thing for women to feel bad about: Feeling insecure about feeling insecure (which, like, come on; where does it end?).
We all eat cheeseburgers with our bras showing, right?
Because realistically, "effortless beauty" is a bullshit myth. Most of us have to put some amount of effort into our appearance, whether that means wearing makeup, choosing clothes that flatter our figures, using an age-defying face cream, or visiting the gym a few times a week. And we put this basic amount of effort into our appearance for a variety of reasons: maybe we like the way it makes us feel, maybe we think it'll make us more sexually attractive, or maybe it's because every other week, we're inundated with another study that proves, once again, that women can't just exist as plain-faced, makeup-free, non-smiling humans, or we risk getting paid less, getting passed over for promotions, or not finding love. Science is literally telling us to try harder, while society is telling us to look like we haven't tried at all. This. Is. Not. Okay.
"Science is literally telling us to try harder, while society is telling us to look like we haven't tried at all."
And I wish I could say I had an answer for all of this, some big fix that would magically help women love themselves for the beautiful, intelligent, powerful goddesses that they are, but I don't. Because as I read McKinnon's profile, I felt that familiar "you're not good enough" feeling creep in. With every sentence about McKinnon's "naturally pretty" dimples and "full lips," I melted into my own whirlpool of self-criticism. Because for me (and I'd wager for most women), it's a daily struggle not to negatively compare myself to other women. And any time I'm even moderately successful in that battle, another interview, or photo, or song, or remark appears to remind me that I'm still not quite measuring up.
How These 2 Women Finally Exposed Harvey Weinstein
I do know, however, that I'd love to live in a world where women can really, truly do whatever the hell they want, whether that's wearing sweatpants and no makeup to lunch, or a bandage dress and a smoky eye to get coffee, without feeling the bite of criticism, both self-imposed and external. I want makeup to be seen as fun, instead of oppressive or vain, and I want to see a society where women are taught to draw strength and inspiration from their peers, rather than comparisons and competition. But most importantly, I want to exist in a world where the highest praise we can heap on a woman isn't an unattainable oxymoron.
But this is reality, and we're a long way from a perfect society. So if we are going to hold up beauty as an ideal standard, let's at least own it and not shame ourselves or each other for caring about the way we look, or place value on one appearance over another. And I guess while we're at it, let's change the way we write about women. Or maybe that's too much to ask. After all, have you seen McKinnon's dimples? They're very pretty.
More From Beauty Advice You Need Right Now
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text:
Q: How can i delete a video from my vimeo account using vimeo API I have impelemted a single user application. So I'm hard coding the access token in my code itself. I'm able to upload video to my vimeo account.
Now, I would like to be able to delete a specific video from my account using VideoId.
How can we achieve this ?
does vimeo support deleting a video ?
I know that we can do it using the old API (v2) https://developer.vimeo.com/apis/advanced/methods/vimeo.videos.delete
But how can we achieve the same with the new API ?
Any help would be greatly appreciated.

A: The description for how to delete a video with their current API is here:
https://developer.vimeo.com/api/endpoints/videos#DELETE/videos/%7Bvideo_id%7D


text:
FA aims to prevent upsurge in violence
By George Caulkin
Tuesday February 22 2005, 12.00am, The Times
THE FA initiated discussions with police, clubs and television companies yesterday in response to the spate of violence that marred FA Cup fixtures last weekend. Punishment and prevention are significant issues for the English game's governing body, but a key priority is to ensure that a theme is not established by high-profile episodes of coin-throwing and pitch invasions.
Everton and Burnley are involved in an investigation over the incidents that disfigured their respective matches against Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers. Roy Carroll, the United goalkeeper, was struck by a coin hurled from the Gwladys Street end of Goodison Park and three supporters — one of whom has been sentenced to five months in prison — were allowed to encroach on to the playing surface at


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text:
Q: Python Keyboard library how to wait until a keyboard is released I'm looking for a way to wait till a key is released. The way I do this would preferably use keyboard library since it is already introduced in my script. The reason I want to do this is because I'm reading keystrokes from the keyboard but it's repeating the keystrokes at least 20 times a second. I want to be able to just capture the keystroke once on its own, so I don't know how to do it. The only way I can think of is to wait until the key is released until more inputs are accepted.
Any help is appreciated.
import pyautogui, time, keyboard
from datetime import datetime

output = str("")

now = datetime.now()
dt_string = now.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S")
print(dt_string)

characters = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "0", " ", "backspace"]

outputFile = open("keylog_out.txt", "a+")

outputFile.write("\n=================================\n" + dt_string + "\n=================================\n\n")

while True:
    for i in characters:
        if keyboard.is_pressed(i):
            output = (output + i)
            print(output)
        elif keyboard.is_pressed("escape") and keyboard.is_pressed("shift"):
            print("Escape Modifier Pressed")
            outputFile.write(output + "\n\n=================================\n\n")
            outputFile.close()
            exit()

A: Is this the right module?
https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard#api
check this too
https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard#common-patterns-and-mistakes

https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard#keyboard.on_release_key
keyboard.on_release_key(key, callback, suppress=False)

I've never used this, but it looks like this is to register your hook with a callback

https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard#keyboardwaithotkeynone-suppressfalse-trigger_on_releasefalse
keyboard.wait(hotkey=None, suppress=False, trigger_on_release=False)

or you can wait on events using blocking


Add some California flavor to your bowl of mixed greens! This salad practically contains an entire garden, tossing in cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, sprouts, and mushrooms. Mix in some tuna and top it off with cheese and sunflower seeds for an unforgettably flavorful salad. Of course, don't forget Avocado Café's signature ingredient...fresh avocado!
In addition to crisp romaine lettuce, this salad has a great variety of produce including avocado, asparagus, corn, tomatoes, and Kalamata olives. With chilled sweet crab and shrimp, this bowl is a salad and seafood symphony! To top things off, this masterpiece is complemented with a deliciously creamy lemon dressing. Yelp user Ashveen S. raves, "Beautiful view and the food is SO GOOD. Best crab and shrimp salad I've ever had!"
One of Secret Spot's iconic and most talked about dishes, the San O Salad, won't disappoint! A bowl of organic mixed greens is tossed with grilled mushrooms, sprouts, tomatoes, and avocado. Also, its special cilantro walnut pesto dressing is homemade and unique! San O Salad is vegetarian friendly, and you can choose from chicken, veggie turkey, or tofu to accompany your veggies. Yum!
Have you tried these amazing salads? Share your photos and experiences with us on our Facebook page!


The nationwide offices of the Natural Resources Defense Council have been consistently built to high environmental design and resource conservation standards; their West Coast headquarters is their most ambitious such effort to date. The building was awarded a LEED Platinum rating and is among the greenest buildings in the world.
Located in an intense urban setting in Santa Monica, California, the existing 15,000-foot storefront commercial building was adapted to accommodate offices, meeting rooms and the Environmental Action Center, which includes educational and retail space. The building offers views to the south and west, taking design cues from adjacent houses and neighboring buildings. A third-story terrace designed as a small collection of seaside buildings overlooks the Pacific.
Large operable windows and a series of internal light wells bring daylight deep into the building, while photovoltaic panels produce about 20 per cent of the building's energy. Other energy-saving features include increased building envelope insulation, Energy Star-rated roof coating and automatic interior lighting controls. Building materials include a host of highly renewable and recycled materials such as bamboo, poplar, partitions made from recycled water bottles and carpet made from recycled nylon. Over half of the materials are locally harvested and over 90% are recycled or recyclable. Exceptional water efficiency is achieved through low-water fixtures, waterless urinals, extremely efficient subsurface irrigation, a rain water harvesting system and a gray water system for toilets and irrigation.


Welcome to kallisonart.com. Kim Allison is an artist based in central Illinois who specializes in murals and portraits. Please take a look around the site. You'll find out more about the artist, be able to view her mural and portrait portfolios as well as other artwork, and find out how to contact her.


It is not so easy to be a hero in a dark world … In a world where everyone is ready to slay each other, Where life and gold have no cost. And only souls of the slayed are of value!
Some shows foul play to collect more souls. Some uses his rank to start genocide. BUT a really baleful thing is… Is that it is a world of immortals … Are you ready to be killed to become stronger? Are you ready to go the way of all things Deaths will show ….


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TAGS: Arts & Entertainment Music National Rock Music
5 reasons to see Boy George & Culture Club in concert
Quick, what's a good name for a group with a Jamaican / Briton bassist, ethnic Englishman guitarist, Jewish drummer, and cross-dressing singer? How about Culture Club? In the '80s people weren't too sure about openly professing their love for Boy George O'Dowd and his pop-soul combo. George looked...
By Peter Roche AXS Contributor Aug 9, 2018
Listen: David Bowie's 'Zeroes' gets reworked for 'Loving the Alien' box set
Perhaps no other artist was able to successfully reinvent themselves time and time again the way David Bowie had. With that being said, it's fitting that "Zeroes" a genre-defining song from his 1987 album, Never Let Me Down, has been reworked in celebration of the upcoming Loving The Alien box set...
By Will Adams AXS Contributor Jul 24, 2018
5 reasons to see Howard Jones: The Stories & Songs Tour 2018
1. Jones juggles classic hits with intriguing covers and fresh bits. The last few times English pop star Howard Jones performed in Cleveland (Jacobs Pavilion, Trinity Cathedral, etc.) he was accompanied by a drummer (Jonathan Atkinson) and secondary keyboardist (Robbie Bronnimann). But "Hojo" played...
By Peter Roche AXS Contributor Mar 8, 2018
Depeche Mode celebrate 40th anniversary of David Bowie's 'Heroes' with haunting cover
English electronic band Depeche Mode recorded a studio version of their cover of David Bowie's "Heroes," which they released today in honor of the original track's 40th anniversary. Depeche Mode has been performing the cover out on their Global Spirit Tour in Europe and North America and seen an...
By Tracy Heck AXS Contributor Sep 22, 2017
Review: Alice Cooper's nightmarish 1975 TV special and concert hit DVD
The world was already reeling from (or rejoicing to) the gender-bending antics of David Bowie (The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust, Aladdin Sane) and onstage shock tactics of the Kabuki-caked Kiss (Hotter Than Hell, Dressed to Kill) by the time Jimmy Carter took residence in the White House. But...
By Peter Roche AXS Contributor Sep 13, 2017
Interview: The Preatures' Izzi Manfredi talks being inspired by Sydney hometown and its indigenous language
Izzi Manfredi, frontwoman of Australian band The Preatures was understandably crestfallen last year when guitarist and co-vocalist, Gideon Benson, left on the heels of their successful Blue Planet Eyes debut. The quartet chose not to replace him and pushed to write and record their sophomore effort...
By Celine Teo-Blockey AXS Contributor Sep 12, 2017
David Bowie's 'Blackstar' band among audience favorites to tour Jazz Alley
The Billboard chart-topping, Verve Salt breakout artist, Lizz Wright, shines the brightest covering jazz standards in her own careful way. The way she vocally strolls under the moonlight toward an unseen lover in her latest cover gone viral, "The Nearness Of You," enchanted several full houses at...
By Carol Banks Weber AXS Contributor Apr 27, 2017
Community of Brixton, London launches Crowdfunding campaign for an epic David Bowie memorial
You'd never know it, because his name is more relevant now than it was when he was alive, but David Bowie has been gone for over a year now. They say that time heals all wounds, even though they probably never spent an entire flight listening to Hunky Dory or Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps), but...
By Tom Shackleford AXS Contributor Feb 22, 2017
David Bowie sweeps his five GRAMMY nominations for 'Blackstar'
More than a year after his passing, the 59th GRAMMY Awards honored David Bowie's final album Blackstar with tmore trophies of any of his previous album releases. The 17-time nominee walked away with five GRAMMY Awards at Sunday's show at Staples Center which included trophies for "Best Alternative...
David Bowie's 'No Plan' EP to receive a physical release with limited edition vinyl available
A video for the posthumous David Bowie single "No Plan" was released this year on what would have been his 70th birthday. With the video, came news of a No Plan EP, which featured three unreleased tracks from the Blackstar sessions—"No Plan," Killing a Little Time," and "When I Met You"—as well as...
By Nate Todd AXS Contributor Feb 9, 2017
Music Journalist and playwright Marc Spitz has passed away
Prolific music journalist and playwright Marc Spitz has passed away. He was 47 years old. Spitz began writing for Spin magazine in 1997. According to Billboard he wrote cover stories on Axl Rose, Weezer and Trent Reznor. Spitz was also a playwright who penned numerous plays beginning with "Retail...
Watch 1000 musicians play Nirvana, David Bowie, and The White Stripes
This is pretty amazing. Some bands have a hard time making four people sound good. Rockin' 1000, the group that orchestrated a 1000 person performance of the Foo Fighters' "Learn To Fly" in 2015, are at it again with more awesome video from their 2016 event "That's Live—the Biggest Rock Band on...
David Bowie to be honored with Royal Mail postage stamps
It has been more than a year since David Bowie left us, but his musical legacy and the impact he had on entertainment and the cultural norms are the reason so many fans around the world still adore him and continue to live out his adventurous spirit. On Wednesday morning, it was announced that the...
By Tom Shackleford AXS Contributor Jan 25, 2017
Listen to Railroad Earth cover David Bowie's 'Young Americans' from their NYE show
Jamgrass troubadours Railroad Earth paid their respects to David Bowie at their New Year's Eve show at Portland, Oregon's Revolution Hall. Railroad got everyone all aboard with their cover of Bowie's "Young Americans" shortly after midnight. Recently, Jambase premiered a recording of the Bowie debut...
By Nate Todd AXS Contributor Jan 21, 2017
'The Secret Life of Walter Mitty' was pretty much a Bowie tribute film
Remember The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Ben Stiller's adventurous 2013 film based on James Thurber's 1939 short story about a man breaking past his tedious and mundane life in search of real adventure? Yeah, that one. For those out there that haven't seen the film yet, better get on it. For those...
Watch the transfixing new video for David Bowie's 'No Plan'
January 8, 2017 marks what would have been David Bowie's 70th birthday. It has also been nearly a year since Bowie passed and The Prophet is still leaving us a trail of cosmic breadcrumbs. But that is all it is, a trail. We can follow, but where we go is up to us. There is "No Plan." At midnight on...
By Nate Todd AXS Contributor Jan 8, 2017
How well do you know David Bowie? Take our quiz to find out
The career of David Bowie isn't one that you'd describe as linear. The man was a shapeshifter, an artist's artist. At one point he was cutting his teeth in musical theater, and then, in the span of a few short years, he's the figurehead of glam rock music worldwide. He featured in films, Broadway...
By William Pankey AXS Contributor Jan 8, 2017
David Bowie's 'Blackstar' continues to be analyzed one year after rock legend's death
It has been one year since music legend David Bowie passed away, and fans continue to analyze his parting gift: Blackstar. Bowie's final album—released two days before his death and presumed to be a farewell to fans when he learned of his terminal cancer diagnosis—contains a bevy of hidden gems...
By Victoria Miller AXS Contributor Jan 8, 2017
Sting joins 'Celebrating David Bowie' concert in Los Angeles
Global superstar Sting has been added to the already all-star cast of musicians paying their respects to David Bowie on January 24 (second night added) at The Wiltern in Los Angeles. "Celebrating David Bowie"—a one-time global concert series taking place in London, New York, Tokyo and Sydney...
Celebrate David Bowie with Jeff Rougvie and The Daily Pravda in Arlington, MA
A Multimedia Event with Bowie Producer Jeff Rougvie & Live Music by Daily Pravda It was almost a year ago that the world lost one of its brightest stars. Celebrate the majesty and the music of David Bowie with a multimedia event hosted by Bowie Producer Jeff Rougvie (Rykodisc) and Bowie...
By Julie Stoller AXS Contributor Jan 2, 2017
Hot Chelle Rae announces The Tangerine Tour with 2020 dates
The 1975 announces 2020 North American tour with special guests
TOKiMONSTA announces The Oasis Nocturno Experience with 2020 dates


text:
Nidia Rosa Pardo Marrugo (born 2 October 1984) is a Venezuelan weightlifter.
She competed at the 2012 Pan American Weightlifting Championships finishing third, 2013 Pan American Weightlifting Championships finishing fourth, and  2013 World Weightlifting Championships.

References

Living people

1984 births

Venezuelan female weightlifters
20th-century Venezuelan women
21st-century Venezuelan women


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