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The Emperor Wears No Clothes – Chapter 15
by Jack Herer
The Official Story
Debunking "Gutter Science"
After 15 days of taking testimony and more than a year's legal deliberation, DEA Administrative Law Judge Francis L. Young formally urged the DEA to allow doctors to prescribe marijuana. In a September 1988 judgment, he ruled: "The evidence in this record clearly shows that marijuana has been accepted as capable of relieving the distress of great numbers of very ill people, and doing so with safety under medical supervision . . . It would be unreasonable, arbitrary and capricious for the DEA to continue to stand between those sufferers and the benefits of this substance in light of the evidence in this record. In strict medical terms, marijuana is far safer than many foods we commonly consume marijuana in its natural form is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man."
Yet former DEA Administrator John Lawn, his successor, Robert Bonner, and current DEA Administrator John Constantine – non-doctors all! – have refused to comply and have continued to deprive persons of medical cannabis, according to their own personal discretion.
Wasting Time, Wasting Lives
More than 100 years have passed since the 1894 British Raj commission study of hashish smokers in India reported cannabis use was harmless and even helpful. Numerous studies since have all agreed: The most prominent being Siler, LaGuardia, Nixon's Shafer Commission, Canada's LeDain Commission, and the California Research Advisory Commission.
Concurrently, American presidents have praised hemp, the USDA amassed volumes of data showing its value as a natural resource, and in 1942 the Roosevelt administration even made Hemp for Victory, a film glorifying our patriotic hemp farmers. That same year, Germany produced The Humorous Hemp Primer, a comic book, written in rhyme, extolling hemp's virtues. (See appendix I of the paper version of this book.)
Yet even the humane use of hemp for medicine is now denied. Asked in late 1989 about the DEA's failure to implement his decision quoted above, Judge Young responded that administrator John Lawn was being given time to comply.
More than a year after that ruling, Lawn officially refused to reschedule cannabis, again classing it as a Schedule I "dangerous" drug that is not even allowed to be used as medicine.
Decrying this needless suffering of helpless Americans, the National Organization to Reform Marijuana Laws (NORML) and the Family Council on Drug Awareness quickly demanded Lawn's resignation. His successors, Bonner and now Constantine, retain the same policy.
What hypocrisy allows public officials to scoff at the facts and deny the truth? How do they rationalize their atrocities? How? They invent their own experts.
Government Doublespeak
Since 1976, our federal government (e.g., NIDA, NIH, DEA*, and Action), police sponsored groups (like DARE*), and special interest groups (like PDFA*) have proclaimed to public, press, and parent groups alike that they have "absolute evidence" of the shocking negative effects of marijuana smoking.
* National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Drug Enforcement Agency, Drug Abuse Resistance Education, Partnership for a Drug Free America. All subsequent researchers found Heath's marijuana findings to be of no value, because carbon monoxide poisoning and other factors were totally left out.
When U.S. government sponsored research prior to 1976 indicated that cannabis was harmless or beneficial, the methodology of how each study was done was always presented in detail in the reports; e.g., read The Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana (1976) and you will see exactly what the methodology of each medical study was.
However, when our government bureaucrats deliberately sponsored negative marijuana research, time and time again Playboy magazine, NORML, High Times, etc. had to sue under the new Freedom of Information Act to find out the actual laboratory methodology these "experiments" employed.
What they found was shocking.
Dr. Heath/Tulane Study, 1974
Brain Damage & Dead Monkeys
In 1974, California Governor Ronald Reagan was asked about decriminalizing marijuana.
After producing the Heath/Tulane University study, the so-called "Great Communicator" proclaimed, "The most reliable scientific sources say permanent brain damage is one of the inevitable results of the use of marijuana." (L.A. Times)
The report from Dr. Heath had concluded that Rhesus monkeys, smoking the equivalent of only 30 joints a day, began to atrophy and die after 90 days.
And ever since, dead brain cells found in monkeys who were forced to smoke marijuana has been given maximum scare play in federal booklets and government sponsored propaganda literature against pot.
Senator Eastland of Mississippi used it throughout the mid-1970s to horrify and stop national legislators from supporting NORML's decriminalization bills in Congress, mostly sponsored by the late Senator Jacob Javitts of New York.
Reports of the study have also been distributed by the hierarchy of drug rehabilitation professionals as part of their rationalization for wanting to get kids off pot, based on supposed scientific studies. It is used to terrorize parent groups, church organizations, etc., who redistribute it still further.
Heath killed the half-dead monkeys, opened their brains, counted the dead brain cells, and then took control monkeys, who hadn't smoked marijuana, killed them too, and counted their brain cells. The pot smoking monkeys had enormous amounts of dead brain cells as compared to the "straight" monkeys.
Ronald Reagan's pronouncement was probably based on the fact that marijuana smoking was the only difference in the two sets of monkeys. Perhaps Reagan trusted the federal research to be real and correct. Perhaps he had other motives.
Whatever their reasons, this is what the government ballyhooed to press and PTA, who trusted the government completely.
In 1980, Playboy and NORML finally received for the first time after six years of requests and suing the government an accurate accounting of the research procedures used in the infamous report:
When NORML/Playboy hired researchers to examine the reported results against the actual methodology, they laughed.
Suffocation of Research Animals
As reported in Playboy, the Heath "Voodoo" Research methodology involved strapping Rhesus monkeys into a chair and pumping them with equivalent of 63 Colombian strength joints in "five minutes, through gas masks," losing no smoke. Playboy discovered that Heath had administered 63 joints in five minutes over just three months instead of administering 30 joints per day over a one-year period as he had first reported. Heath did this, it turned out, in order to avoid having to pay an assistant's wages every day for a full year.
The monkeys were suffocating! Three to five minutes of oxygen deprivation causes brain damage "dead brain cells." (Red Cross Lifesaving and Water Safety Manual) With the concentration of smoke used, the monkeys were a bit like a person running the engine of a car in a locked garage for 5, 10, 15 minutes at a time every day!
The Heath Monkey study was actually a study in animal asphyxiation and carbon monoxide poisoning.
Among other things, Heath had completely (intentionally? incompetently?) omitted discussion of the carbon monoxide the monkeys inhaled.
Carbon monoxide, a deadly gas that kills brain cells, is given off by any burning object. At that smoke concentration, the monkeys were, in effect, like a person locked in a garage with the car engine left running for five, 10, 15 minutes at a time every day!
All subsequent researchers agree the findings in Heath's experiment regarding marijuana were of no value, because carbon monoxide poisoning and other factors were totally left out and had not been considered in the report. This study and others, like Dr. Gabriel Nahas' 1970s studies, tried to somehow connect the THC metabolites routinely found in the fatty tissue of human brains, reproductive organs, and other fatty areas of the body to the dead brain cells in the suffocated monkeys.
Now, in 1999, 17 years have passed and not a single word of Dr. Heath's or Dr. Nahas' research has been verified! But their studies are still hauled out by the Partnership for a Drug Free America, the Drug Enforcement Administration, city and state narcotics bureaus, plus politicians and, in virtually all public instances, held up as scientific proof of the dangers of marijuana.
This is U.S. government propaganda and disinformation at its worst! The public paid for these studies and has the right to the correct information and history being taught in our taxpayer sponsored schools.
In 1996, Gabriel Nahas, in France, sued Mishka, the translator of the French edition of this book, "L'Emperor est Nu!" for damages. Mishka wrote that Nahas' studies were viewed by the world as garbage. The French court, upon hearing all the testimony by Nahas, and after Nahas had spent an equivalent of tens of thousands of American dollars on legal fees, awarded him its highest insult: one franc, the equivalent of approximately 15 cents American for damages, and no legal fees!
Lingering THC Metabolites
It Stays in Your System for 30 Days
The government also claimed that since "THC metabolites" stay in the body's fatty cells for up to 30 days after ingestion, just one joint was very dangerous; inferring that the long range view of what these THC metabolites eventually could do to the human race could not even be guessed and other pseudo-scientific double-talk (e.g., phrases like: "might be," "could mean," "possibly," "perhaps," etc.)*
* "May, might, could, and possibly are not scientific conclusions." Dr. Fred Oerther, M.D., September 1986.
Government's Own Experts Say That Metabolites Are
Non-Toxic, Harmless Residue
We interviewed three doctors of national reputation either currently working (or having worked) for the U.S. government on marijuana research:
– Dr. Thomas Ungerlieder, M.D., UCLA, appointed by Richard Nixon in 1969 to the President's Select Committee on Marijuana, re-appointed by Ford, Carter, and Reagan, and currently head of California's "Marijuana Medical Program;"
– Dr. Donald Tashkin, UCLA, M.D., for the last 29 years the U.S. government's and the world's leading marijuana researcher on pulmonary functions; and
– Dr. Tod Mikuriya, M.D., former national administrator and grant distributor of the U.S. government's marijuana research programs in the late 1960s.
In effect these doctors said that the active ingredients in THC are used-up in the first or second pass through the liver. The leftover THC metabolites then attach themselves, in a very normal way, to fatty deposits, for the body to dispose of later, which is a safe and perfectly natural process.
Many chemicals from foods, herbs, and medicines do this same thing all the time in your body. Most are not dangerous and THC metabolites show less toxic* potential than virtually any known metabolic leftovers in your body!
* The U.S. government has also known since 1946 that the oral dose of cannabis required to kill a mouse is about 40,000 times the dose required to produce typical symptoms of intoxication. (Mikuriya, Tod, Marijuana Medical Papers, 1976; Loewe, Journal of Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics, October, 1946.)
THC metabolites left in the body can be compared to the ash of a cigarette: The inert ingredient left over after the active cannabinoids have been metabolized by the body. These inert metabolites are what urinary analysis studies show when taken to discharge military or factory or athletic personnel for using, or being in the presence of cannabis within the last 30 days.
Lung Damage Studies
More Harmful Than Tobacco
According to the American Lung Association, cigarettes and tobacco smoking related diseases kill more than 430,000 Americans every year. Fifty million Americans smoke, and 3,000 teens start each day. The Berkeley carcinogenic tar studies of the late 1970s concluded that "marijuana is one-and-a-half times more carcinogenic than tobacco."
The Fact:
Not One Documented Case of Cancer
There are lung irritants involved in any smoke. Cannabis smoke causes mild irritation to the large airways of the lungs. Symptoms disappear when smoking is discontinued.
However, unlike tobacco smoke, cannabis smoke does not cause any changes in the small airways, the area where tobacco smoke causes long term and permanent damage. Additionally, a tobacco smoker will smoke 20 to 60 cigarettes a day, while a heavy marijuana smoker may smoke five to seven joints a day, even less when potent high-quality flower tops are available.
While tens of millions of Americans smoke pot regularly, cannabis has never caused a known case of lung cancer as of December 1997, according to America's foremost lung expert, Dr. Donald Tashkin of UCLA. He considers the biggest health risk to the lungs would be a person smoking 16 or more "large" spliffs a day of leaf/bud because of the hypoxia of too much smoke and not enough oxygen.
Tashkin feels there is no danger for anyone to worry about potentiating emphysema "in any way" by the use of marijuana totally the opposite of tobacco.
Cannabis is a complex, highly evolved plant. There are some 400 compounds in its smoke. Of these, 60 are presently known to have therapeutic value.
Cannabis may also be eaten, entirely avoiding the irritating effects of smoke. However, four times more of the active ingredients of smoked cannabis are absorbed by the human body than when the same amount is eaten. And the prohibition inflated price of black market cannabis, combined with harsh penalties for cultivation, prevent most persons from being able to afford the luxury of a less efficient, though healthier, means of ingestion.
Lab Studies Fail to Reflect the Real World
Studies have proven that many of the carcinogens in cannabis can be removed by using a water pipe system. Our government omitted this information and its significance when speaking to the press. At the same time politicians outlawed the sale of water pipes, labeling them "drug paraphernalia."
How Rumors Get Started
In 1976, Dr. Tashkin, M.D., UCLA, sent a written report to Dr. Gabriel Nahas at the Rheims, France, Conference on "Potential Cannabis Medical Dangers." That report became the most sensationalized story to come out of this negative world conference on cannabis.
This surprised Tashkin, who had sent the report to the Rheims conference as an afterthought.
What Tashkin reported to the Rheims conference was that only one of the 29 pulmonary areas of the human lung studied the large air passageway Did he find marijuana to be more of an irritant (by 15 times) than tobacco. This figure is insignificant, however, since Tashkin also notes that tobacco has almost no effect on this area. Therefore, 15 times almost nothing is still almost nothing. In any event, cannabis has a positive or neutral effect in most other areas of the lung. (See Chapter 7, "Therapeutic Uses of Cannabis.")
(Tashkin, Dr. Donald, UCLA studies, 1969-83; UCLA Pulmonary Studies, 1969-95.)
Afterwards in 1977, the U.S. government resumed funding for ongoing cannabis pulmonary studies which it had cut two years earlier when Tashkin reported encouraging therapeutic results with marijuana/lung studies. But now the government limited funding only to research to the large air passageway.
We have interviewed Dr. Tashkin dozens of times. In 1986 I asked him about an article he was preparing for the New England Journal of Medicine, indicating that cannabis smoke caused as many or more pre-cancerous lesions as tobacco in "equal" amounts.
Most people do not realize, nor are the media told, that any tissue abnormality (abrasion, eruption, or even redness) is called a pre-cancerous lesion. Unlike lesions caused by tobacco, the THC-related lesions contain no radioactivity.
We asked Tashkin how many persons had gone on to get lung cancer in these or any other studies of long-term cannabis-only smokers (Rastas, Coptics, etc.)
Sitting in his UCLA laboratory, Dr. Tashkin looked at me and said, "That's the strange part. So far no one we've studied has gone on to get lung cancer."
"Was this reported to the press?"
"Well, it's in the article," Dr. Tashkin said. "But no one in the press even asked. They just assumed the worst." His answer to us was still that not one single case of lung cancer in someone who only smoked cannabis has ever been reported. It should be remembered that he and other doctors had predicted 20 years ago, their certainty that hundreds of thousands of marijuana smokers would by now (1997) have developed lung cancer.
Another Fact:
Emphysema Sufferers Benefit
During a later interview, Tashkin congratulated me on the tip I'd given him that marijuana used for emphysema produced good results among persons we knew.
He laughed at me originally, because he had presumed that marijuana aggravated emphysema, but after reviewing his evidence found that, except in the rarest of cases, marijuana was actually of great benefit to emphysema suffers due to the opening and dilation of the bronchial passages.
And so the relief reported to us by cannabis smoking emphysema patients was confirmed.
Marijuana smoke is not unique in its benefits to the lungs. Yerba Santa, Colt's foot, Horehound, and other herbs have traditionally been smoked to help the lungs.
Tobacco and its associated dangers have so prejudiced persons against "smoking" that most persons believe cannabis smoking to be as or more dangerous than tobacco. With research banned, these public health and safety facts are not readily available.
In December 1997, we asked Dr. Tashkin again, and he unequivocally stated that "marijuana does not cause or potentiate emphysema in any way." In addition, there has not been one case of lung cancer ever attributed to smoking cannabis.
. . . And So On
Most of the anti-marijuana literature we have examined does not cite as much as one single source for us to review. Others only refer to DEA or NIDA. The few studies we have been able to track down usually end up being anecdotal case histories, artificial groupings of data, or otherwise lacking controls and never replicated.
Reports of breast enlargement, obesity, addiction, and the like all remain unsubstantiated, and are given little credence by the scientific community. Other reports, like the temporary reduction in sperm count, are statistically insignificant to the general public, yet get blown far out of proportion when presented by the media. Still others, like the handful of throat tumors in the Sacramento area and the high rate of injuries reported in a Baltimore trauma unit are isolated clusters that run contrary to all other statistics and have never been replicated.
The spurious results of Heath, Nahas, and the pregnant mice and monkey studies at Temple University and UC Davis (where they injected mice with synthetic third-cousin analogues of THC) are now discredited in the body of scientific and medical literature.
Though these studies are not used in scientific discourse, mountains of DEA and pharmaceutical company-sponsored literature about the long-term possible effects of these metabolites on the brain and reproduction still goes to parent groups as if they were brand new studies. This disinformation is still very much alive in U.S. government, DEA, DARE, and PDFA reports.
(Read the 1982 N.I.H.; the National Academy of Science's evaluation on past studies; and the Costa Rica report, 1980.) No Harm to Human Brain or Intelligence Hemp has been used in virtually all societies since time immemorial as a work motivator and to highlight and renew creative energies.
Nahas' Prescription for Bloated Police Budgets
Incredibly, a famous study which found that cannabis reduces tumors (see Chapter 7), was originally ordered by the Federal Government on the premise that pot would hurt the immune system. This was based on the "Reefer Madness" studies done by the disreputable Dr. Gabriel Nahas of Columbia University in 1972.
This is the same Dr. Nahas who claimed his studies showed pot created chromosome, testosterone (male hormone) damage, and countless other horrible effects which suggested the breaking down of the immune system. Nahas' background is in the OSS/CIA and later the U.S. where he worked closely with Lyndon LaRouche and Kurt Waldheim.
In 1998, Nahas is still the darling favorite of the DEA and NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) yet no anti-marijuana studies of Nahas' have every been replicated in countless other research attempts. Columbia University specifically disassociated itself from Nahas' marijuana research in a specially called press conference in 1975!
Old, discredited Nahas studies are still trotted out by the Drug Enforcement Administration today and deliberately given to unknowledgeable parents' groups, churches, and PTAs as valid research regarding the evils of pot.
The dissemination of Nahas'* dangerous horror stories is paid for with your tax dollars, even years after the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1976 specifically forbade Nahas from getting another penny of U.S. government money for cannabis studies because of his embarrassing research in the early 1970s.
* Nahas, in December 1983, under ridicule from his peers and a funding cut-off from NIDA renounced all his old THC metabolite build-up and unique chromosome Petri dish tissue damage studies, conclusions, and extrapolations.
Yet the DEA, NIDA, VISTA, the "War on Drugs," and now-deceased writer Peggy Mann (in Reader's Digest articles and her book Marijuana Alert, with foreword by Nancy Reagan) have used these discredited studies on parents' groups such as Parents for a Drug Free Youth, etc., often with Nahas as a highly paid guest lecturer, without a word of how his studies are really considered by this peers.
This, we assume, is done to scare parents, teachers, legislators and judges, using scientific terminology and bogus non-clinical statistics, ultimately aimed at selling more urine-testing equipment. Therefore, more profits are created for the drug-rehabilitation clinics and their staffs of professionals; and to maintain funding for the DEA, local police, judicial, penal, corrections and other government pork barrel, police state interests.
The "War on Drugs" is big money, so the shameless petitioning for more police and more jail cells continues. And we still have thousands of judges, legislators, police, Reader's Digest readers, and parents who have for years used and cited Nahas' studies in particular as the prime reasons to continue these unjust laws and to jail millions of Americans over the last decade.
The DEA, after Nahas' 1983 waffling renouncement, consciously and criminally continues to use his studies to polarize ignorant judges, politicians, press, and parent groups, who are unaware of Nahas' denouncement. These groups trust the government to tell them the truth their tax dollars paid for. Most of the media, press, and television commentators still use Nahas' 1970s, unreplicated studies as gospel, and much of the frightening folklore and street myths that are whispered around school yards spring from the deceitful "scientist's" work.
Refuted and never replicated results are still taught, while the honest researcher faces prison if he attempts to test any thoughts about the medical use of cannabis.
In fact, using Nahas' refuted and unreplicated synthetic THC Petri dish studies on the immune system, hysterical Families for Drug Free Youth, or "Just Say No" organizations have gotten the press to say marijuana could cause AIDS – which has no basis whatsoever, but the press published all this rhetoric creating more Reefer Madness!
Gabriel Nahas, in 1998, is living in Paris and goes around Europe teaching as gospel the same old lies to less informed Europeans. When asked to debate us (H.E.M.P.) on cannabis before the world press on June 18, 1993 in Paris, he first enthusiastically accepted until he found out that we would be speaking on all aspects of the hemp plant (e.g. paper, fiber, fuel, medicine). Then he declined, even though we met all of his requirements.
Radioactive Tobacco: The Untold Story
Tobacco smoking kills more persons each year than AIDS, heroin, crack, cocaine, alcohol, car accidents, fire, and murder combined. Cigarette smoking is as addictive as heroin, complete with withdrawal symptoms, and the percentage of relapses (75%) is the same as for "kicking" cocaine and heroin users.
It is far and away the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. today. Tobacco smokers have ten times the lung cancer of non-smokers, twice the heart disease, and are three times more likely to die of heart disease if they do develop it. Yet tobacco is totally legal, and even receives the highest U.S. government farm subsidies of any agricultural product in America, all the while being our biggest killer! What total hypocrisy!
In the U.S. one in seven deaths are caused by smoking cigarettes. Women should know that lung cancer is more common than breast cancer in women who smoke and that smoking on the pill increases cancer and heart risks dramatically.
Seven million dollars a day promotes the tobacco business, and it is estimated that the cigarette industry needs about 3,000 new smokers a day to replace those who quit or die each day from smoking.
Kentucky's principal business and agriculture for 100 years (until 1890) was the healthful, versatile, and useful cannabis hemp. It has since been replaced by non-edible, non-fibrous, soil-depleting tobacco, which is grown in soil fertilized with radioactive materials.
U.S. government studies have show that a pack-and-a-half of tobacco cigarettes per day over a year for just one year is the equivalent to your lungs of what some 300 chest x-rays (using the old, pre-1980s slow x-ray film and without using any lead protection) are to your skin. But while an x-ray dissipates its radioactivity instantly, tobacco has a radioactive half-life that will remain active in the lungs for 21.5 years.
Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop said on national television that radioactivity contained in tobacco leaves is probably responsible for most tobacco-related cancer. No radioactivity exists in cannabis tars.
(National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1964; American Lung Assn.; Dr. Joseph R. DiFranza, U. of Mass. Medical Center; Reader's Digest, March 1986; Surg. Gen. C. Everett Koop, 1990.)
Some Studies the Feds Don't Talk About
The Coptic Study (1981)
No Harm to Human Brain or Intelligence
Hemp has been used in virtually all societies since time immemorial as a work motivator and to highlight and renew creative energies.
(Jamaican Studies; Coptic Studies; Costa Rican Studies; Vedas; Dr. Vera Rubin, Research Institute for the Study of Man; et al)
In 1981, a study showed that 10 of American's heaviest pot smokers (from the Coptic religion and residing in Florida) actually believed that using 16 huge high potency spliffs* a day had improved their minds somewhat over a period of 10 years.
They were studied by Drs. Ungerlieder and Shaeffer (UCLA) and who showed absolutely no brain differences between them and non-smokers nor did it confirm any increase in IQ that the Coptics had claimed.
* One spliff is generally equal to five average American joints.
Longer Life, Fewer Wrinkles
Most studies (matched populations, past and present) indicate that everything else being equal an average American pot smoker will live longer than his counterpart who does no drugs at all; with fewer wrinkles, and generally less stress thereby having fewer illnesses to upset the immune system, and being a more peaceful neighbor.
(Costa Rican and Jamaican Studies)
Jamaican Studies
(1968-74, 1975)
Definite Benefits for Marijuana Smokers
The most exhaustive study of hemp smoking in its natural setting is probably Ganja in Jamaica A Medical Anthropological Study of Chronic Marijuana Use by Vera Rubin and Lambros Comitas (1975; Mouton & Co., The Hague, Paris/Anchor Books, NY).
The Jamaican study, sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Center for Studies of Narcotic and Drug Abuse, was the first project in medical anthropology to be undertaken and is the first intensive, multi-disciplinary study of marijuana use and users to be published.
From the Jamaican Study introduction: "Despite its illegality, ganja use is pervasive, and duration and frequency are very high; it is smoked over a longer period in heavier quantities with greater THC potency than in the U.S. without deleterious social or psychological consequences. The major difference is that both use and expected behaviours are culturally conditioned and controlled by well established tradition." "No impairment of physiological, sensory and perceptual-motor performance, tests of concept formation, abstracting ability, and cognitive style and test of memory."
Positive Social Attitudes
The study outlines the positive reinforcement given socially to ganja smokers in Jamaica, the universal praise for the practice among users, who smoke it as a work motivator.
Subjects described the effects of smoking making them "brainier", lively, merry, more responsible and conscious. They reported it was good for meditation and concentration, and created a general sense of well-being and self-assertiveness.
No Link to Criminal Behavior
Vera Rubin and her colleagues found no relation of cannabis to crime (except marijuana busts), no impairment of motor skills, and smokers and non-smokers alike had identical extroversion scores with no difference in work records or adjustment. Heavy use of ganja was not found to curtail the motivation to work.
From the psychological assessment the smokers seemed to be more open in their expressions of feeling, somewhat more carefree, and somewhat more distractible. There was no evidence of organic brain damage or schizophrenia.
No Physiological Deterioration
Marilyn Bowman, in a battery of psychological tests on chronic cannabis users in Jamaica in 1972, found "no impairment of physiological, sensory and perceptual-motor performance, tests of concept formation, abstracting ability and cognitive style and tests of memory." These Jamaicans had smoked anywhere from six to 31 years (16.6 mean average) and the average age at the first puff was at 12 years and six months.
In the 1975 study between users and non-users, no difference was found in plasma testosterone, no difference in total nutrition, slightly higher performance on the intelligence sub-tests (not statistically significant), and "a basic measure of cell-mediated immunity was no less vigorous in the users."
Finally, "Users in our matched pair sample smoked marijuana in addition to as many tobacco cigarettes as did their partners. Yet their airways were, if anything, a bit healthier than their matches."
"We must tentatively conclude either that marijuana has no harmful effects on such passages or that it actually offers some slight protection against the harmful effects of tobacco smoke. Only further research will clarify which, if either, is the case."
No "Stepping Stone"/Gateway Effect
As to the stepping-stone or gateway drug charges leveled against cannabis: "The use of hard drugs is as yet virtually unknown among working class Jamaicans no one in the study (Rubin's) had ever taken any narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, barbiturates or sleeping pills."
In America during the late 1800s cannabis was used in treating addiction. Opiate, chloral hydrate, and alcohol addicts were successfully treated with potent cannabis extracts. Some patients recovered with less than a dozen doses of cannabis extract.1 Likewise, smoking cannabis has been found to be valuable in modern alcohol addiction treatment.2
Costa Rican Study (1980)
The Jamaican results were largely confirmed by another Caribbean study, the 1980 Cannabis in Costa Rica – A Study in Chronic Marijuana Use edited by William Carter for the Institute for Study of Human Issues. (ISHI, 3401 Science Center, Philadelphia.)
Again researchers found no palpable damage to the native population's chronic cannabis smokers. Alcoholic social problems, so evident on neighboring cannabis-free islands, are not found in Costa Rica.
This study makes clear that socially approved ganja use will largely replace or mitigate the use of alcohol (rum) if available.
The Amsterdam Model
Since adopting a policy of tolerance and non-prosecution of cannabis/hashish smokers (it is available in cafes and bars) and rehabilitation and diversion programs for hard drug users, Holland has seen a substantial reduction in cannabis consumption among teenagers and a 33% drop in the number of heroin addicts. The strategy of separating cannabis sales from hard drug dealers by bringing pot above-ground has been quite successful. (L.A. Times, August 1989). In 1998, despite constant pressure from the U.S. government and the DEA, the Dutch government has totally refused to recriminalize marijuana!
1. "Cannabis Indica as an Anodyne and Hypnotic," J.B. Mattison, M.D., The St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. LVI, No. 5, Nov. 1891, pg 265-271, reprinted in Marijuana: The Medical Papers, Tod Mikuriya, M.D.
2. "Cannabis Substitution: An Adjunctive Therapeutic Tool in the Treatment of Alcoholism," Tod H. Mikuriya, M.D., Medical Times, Vol. 98, No. 4, April, 1970, reprinted in Marijuana Medical Papers, Tod Mikuriya, M.D.)
More Prohibitionist Deceptions
Scientific American reported in 1990: "The alarming statistics, cited by testing advocates, to demonstrate the high costs of drug abuse . . . do not always accurately reflect the research on which they are based. In fact, some of the data could be used to 'prove' that drug use has negligible or even beneficial effects." (March 1990, page 18)
One of the examples given is the often cited statistic former president George Bush utilized in 1989: "Drug abuse among American workers costs businesses anywhere from $60 billion to $100 billion a year in lost productivity, absenteeism, drug-related accidents, medical claims and theft." Yet according to a 1989 assessment by NIDA, all such claims derive from a single study that grew out of a 1982 survey of 3,700 households.
The Research Triangle Institute (RTI) found that households where at least one person admitted having used marijuana regularly reported average incomes 28% lower than average reported income of otherwise similar households. RTI researchers ascribed the income difference to "loss due to marijuana use."
RTI then extrapolated costs of crime, health problems and accidents to arrive at a "cost to society of drug abuse" of $47 billion. The White House "adjusted" for inflation and population increases to provide the basis for Bush's statement.
Yet the RTI survey also included questions about current drug use. The answers revealed no significant difference between income levels of households with current users of illegal drugs, including cocaine and heroin, and other households.
Thus the same statistics "prove" that current use of hard drugs does not result in any "loss," in contrast to a single marijuana binge in the distant past!
Official Corruption: Carlton Turner
In all the research this author has done about the misapplication of public funds and trusts, nothing, it seems, compares with the either totally ignorant or willful manslaughter of fellow Americans by the bureaucrats and politicians of the following story:
One Man & His Drug Scams
The U.S. government policy, starting in the Nixon and Ford administrations and continuing under Carlton Turner* (Drug Czar under Reagan 1981-1986), allowed federal medical marijuana, supplied to the individual state marijuana medical programs, to consist only of the leaf of the marijuana plant, even though it's usually only one-third as strong as the bud and doesn't contain the same whole spectrum of the "crude drug," i.e. the THC and CBNs.
* Prior to becoming Special White Hose Advisor (read: National Drug Czar) Carlton Turner, from 1971 to 1980, was the head of all U.S. government marijuana grown for drugs by reason of his position at the University of Mississippi. The U. of Mississippi Marijuana Research Program is directed by state charter to discover initiate or sort out the constituents of THC a "simple" crude cannabis drug that works as a medicine then synthesize the substances with beneficial medicinal properties to attain their full potential for pharmaceutical companies.
For example, the leaf's relief of ocular pressure for glaucoma patients is much shorter lasting and therefore unsatisfactory, compared to the bud. Also, the leaf sometimes gives smokers a headache. The federal government until 1986 used only the leaf. Turner said to the pharmaceutical companies in an interview, that leaf is all Americans would ever get although the bud works better. Still today in 1999, the seven legal marijuana users in the U.S. only get leaf, branch, and bud chopped up and rolled together. Although buds work better for chemotherapy, glaucoma, etc., the branches can be as toxic as smoking wood.
Turner said, in 1986, that natural marijuana will "never" be given as a medicine and, as of April 1998, it still hasn't. (Except in California, where citizens successfully voted, in November 1996, to overrule the federal government on medical marijuana!)
The Reasons Given:
– Buds are too hard to roll through a cigarette machine. (Forget the 25 million Americans who do quite well at rolling bud everyday.)
– By extracting compounds from the "crude drug" of the bud, there would be no pharmaceutical patents, therefore no profits. Therefore, his program would have worked against his former employers, the Mississippi University's legislative charter and funding.
(Interviews by Ed Rosenthal for High Times magazine; Dean Latimer, et al; NORML.)
Although buds work better for chemotherapy, glaucoma, etc., Turner said they will "never" be given. It also became evident the famous marijuana 'munchies' (appetite stimulation) were not working for the cancer chemotherapy patients using federal leaf.
And even though no studies have been allowed to compare leaf with bud, we know of doctors who unofficially recommended bud and watch their wasting cancer patients put on weight (NORML).
Poisoning Pot Smokers
In August and September, 1983, Turner went on national television to justify the illegal marijuana spraying (by plane) of paraquat in Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee by the DEA. He said it would teach a lesson to any kid who died from paraquat-poisoned pot. Turner was forced to resign after announcing his conclusions in public that marijuana caused homosexuality, the breakdown of the immune system, and, therefore, AIDS.
Looking into the therapeutic potential of cannabis is the most controlled and discouraged research, but any tests pursuing negative or harmful effects of cannabis are promoted. Since these tests often backfire or are inconclusive, even this research is rare.
Turner quoted "The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire" to show how jazz (rock) singers are eroding the America "he" loves with this hallucinogenic drug marijuana! Which he meant to stamp out.
Phony Paraquat Kits
During the 1978 Mexican marijuana paraquat scare, and while still a private citizen working for the state of Mississippi marijuana farm, this same Carlton Turner called High Times magazine to advertise a paraquat tester. Unknown to Turner, High Times was not accepting ads for any paraquat testers because all evidence showed the testers didn't work.
Dean Latimer then a High Times associate editor, strung Turner along in virtually daily phone conversations for a month, listening to Turner talk about how much money Turner was going to make from sales of the device.
High Times wanted to see a sample. When Turner delivered his prototype version of the paraquat test kit to High Times, it was a total "Rube Goldberg" type rip-off, "just like the dozen or so phony kits other companies tried to buy ad space for at this time," wrote Latimer in an article published in 1984.
Turner apparently never thought High Times was ethical enough to check the contraption out. He assumed they would just take the ad money and run print the ad and make Turner rich.
He didn't care if some kid died or was bilked out of money believing in his bogus paraquat test kit.
After this attempted mail fraud, this man became President Reagan's national drug czar in 1981, recommended by George Bush and Nancy Reagan.
A Wanton Disregard for Life
Turner even said that he doesn't even care if hundreds of kids die from smoking pot the federal government has deliberately sprayed with paraquat.
Then at the April 25, 1985, PRIDE conference in Atlanta, Georgia, with Nancy Reagan and 16 foreign First Ladies in attendance (including Imelda Marcos), Turner called for the death penalty for drug dealers.
Turner was, after all, Reagan's, Bush's, and the pharmaceutical companies' own hired gun, who saw his entire mission as not against heroin, PCP, or cocaine, but to wipe out pot and jazz/rock music.
Carlton Turner was forced to resign after Newsweek magazine excoriated him October 27, 1986, in a large editorial sidebar. His resignation was a foregone conclusion after being lampooned in the Washington Post and elsewhere as no other public figure in recent memory for his conclusions (in public addresses) that marijuana smoking caused homosexuality, the breakdown of the immune system, and, therefore, AIDS.
He resigned December 16, 1986. What should have been front page headline news was buried in the back pages during the Iran-contra scandal that exploded that week.
Urine Testing Company
After his resignation, Turner joined with Robert DuPont and former head of NIDA, Peter Bensinger, to corner the market on urine testing. They contracted as advisors to 250 of the largest corporations to develop drug diversion, detection, and urine testing programs.
Soon after Turner left office, Nancy Reagan recommended that no corporation be permitted to do business with the Federal government without having a urine purity policy in place to show their loyalty.
Just as G. Gordon Liddy went into high-tech corporate security after his disgrace, Carlton Turner became a rich man in what has now become a huge growth industry: urine-testing.
This kind of business denies the basic rights of privacy, self-incrimination (Fifth Amendment) rights, unreasonable search and seizure, and the presumption of innocence (until proven guilty).
Submission to the humiliation of having your most private body parts and functions observed by a hired voyeur is now the test of eligibility for private employment, or to contract for a living wage.
Turner's new money-making scheme demands that all other Americans relinquish their fundamental right to privacy and self-respect.
Bush Strikes Again
President Ronald Reagan, at the urging of then Vice President George Bush, appointed Carlton Turner as the White House Drug (czar) Advisor in 1981.
At conventions (1981-1986) of pharmaceutical companies and their lobbyist the American Chemical Manufacturers, Turner promised to continue the research ban on the 400 chemical compounds of cannabis.
Bush managed to continue to direct this effort, simply by not allowing any grants for private or public research with a positive implication to be issued by NIDA or NIH, or approved any recent FDA applications unless they pursued negative results. As of this writing (July 1998) President Clinton's policy has remained the same.
Comparison to Alcohol
There are many terrible drug habits. The worst of which is alcohol, in both numbers of users and the anti-social behavior associated with extreme use. Alcoholism is the leading cause of teen-age deaths: 8,000 American teenagers are killed each year and 40,000 are maimed from mixing alcohol and driving. (MADD, Mothers against Drunk Driving; SADD, Students against Drunk Driving; NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse, etc.)
In fact, U.S. government/police statistics confirm the following strange numbers:
The mortality figure for alcohol use is 100,000 annually, compared with zero marijuana deaths in 10,000 years of consumption.
From 40-50% of all murders and highway fatalities are alcohol related. In fact, highway fatalities that are alcohol related might be as high as 90%, according to the Chicago Tribune and L.A. Times.
Alcohol is also indicated in the majority (69-80%) of all child rape/incest cases; wife beating incidents are in great majority (60-80%) alcohol influenced.
Heroin is indicated in 35% of burglaries, robberies, armed robberies, bank robberies, grand theft auto, etc.
And there were more than 786,545 arrests for simple marijuana possession in the U.S. in 2005 (up from 400,000 in 1992), according to the Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Chapter 16: https://jackherer.com/emperor-3/chapter-16/
Hemp Can Save The Planet
Rick Simpson has helped so many people. Now he needs help!
Jack Herer Harvest Ale Released by SweetWater Brewing
Scientists find cannabis extract can help save bees from pesticide poisoning
Former GM plant tapped for hemp decortication in Texas
GreenPee installs hemp urinals in Amsterdam to stop "wild peeing"
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Dean LeRoy Larsen (May 24, 1927 – October 28, 2019) was a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1976 until his death.  He was the eighteenth Church Historian and Recorder from 1985 to 1997.

Larsen was born in Hyrum, Utah. After briefly serving in the United States Navy at the end of the Second World War, Larson attended the University of Utah and Utah State University, graduating from Utah State with a degree in English and Spanish.

In 1962, Larsen was appointed the secretary of the LDS Church Indian Committee. He taught for one year at the Institute of Religion at the University of Utah and then was asked to become president of the church's Texas South Mission. Upon completing this three-year assignment, Larsen taught at the Institute of Religion in Ogden, Utah. In the LDS Church, Larsen has served as a bishop and regional representative. In 1976, Larsen became the editor of all church magazines.

Later in 1976, he became a general authority and member of the First Quorum of the Seventy, where he served until being designated an emeritus general authority in 1997. From 1980 to 1993, Larsen was a member of the Presidency of the Seventy; he was the senior member of the presidency from 1986 to 1993. He also served a term as Church Historian and Recorder, succeeding G. Homer Durham. After he was released in 1997, the office of Church Historian remained vacant until Marlin K. Jensen was called in 2005.

From 1998 to 2001, Larsen was the president of the church's Provo Utah Temple.

Larsen married Geneal Johnson and they became the parents of six children. Larsen died at his home in Provo, Utah on October 28, 2019, at age 92.

See also
"Elder Dean L. Larsen of the First Quorum of Seventy," Ensign, November 1976, pp. 136–37

References

External links
General Authorities and General Officers: Elder Dean L. Larsen
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Dean L. Larsen

1927 births
American general authorities (LDS Church)
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
Church Educational System instructors
2019 deaths
Members of the First Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Official historians of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
People from Hyrum, Utah
Military personnel from Utah
Historians from Utah
Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church)
University of Utah alumni
Utah State University alumni
Regional representatives of the Twelve
20th-century Mormon missionaries
Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
Editors of Latter Day Saint publications
Latter Day Saints from Utah

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Spanish name of this herb – Chanca Piedra – directly translates as "shatter stone" or "stone breaker", alluding to its use by the Amazon peoples for its effectiveness in eliminating gallstones and kidney stones.
Quebra Pedra has a long and well documented history of traditional use by the herbal medicine systems of every country in which it grows. As well as being the favourite remedy to prevent and treat gall/kidney stones, it is used to promote digestion, expel worms, for bacterial infections and as a diuretic and mild laxative.
Also known as calculi, gallstones and kidney stones are caused by a build up of mineral salts (most commonly calcium), and can cause extreme pain and discomfort as they attempt to pass out of the body.
The plant alkaloids in Quebra Pedra promote relaxation of the smooth muscle in the urinary and biliary tracts, making the task of eliminating the stones less painful. The same phytochemicals also impede the clumping together of calcium oxalate, preventing the formation of kidney stones altogether, making this herb an excellent preventative for people who are susceptible to them.
With natural diuretic properties, Quebra Pedra increases urine flow as well as creatine and sodium output. There is some evidence that creatine has a detrimental effect on the kidneys and that it can contribute to kidney stones in susceptible individuals.
Quebra Pedra has a similar effect on gallstones (although they are usually made of cholesterol). Gallstones are formed when too much cholesterol is stored in the gallbladder and not enough bile is produced to break it down. In a 2002 study, Indian researchers reported that Quebra Pedra increased bile acid secretion in the gallbladder and significantly lowered blood cholesterol levels in an animal model. The beneficial effect of lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increased bile secretion is thought to be responsible for the ability of this herb to prevent and eliminate gallstones.
Although the literal translation of Chanca Piedra is "stone breaker", it effectively softens both kidney stones and gallstones for easy passage out of the body.
Quebra Pedra has been shown to protect the liver, due to the presence of the lignans phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin. Much research has been conducted on these two plant molecules, with many confirming their hepatoprotective effects. The cholesterol lowering effects of the herb again come into play for liver health – normalising a fatty liver.
A study undertaken by the Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute in India investigated the liver protecting action of Quebra Pedra against acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicity. The results showed that a protein in Quebra Pedra protects liver tissues against oxidative stress, probably by increasing antioxidant defences.
There has been some promising research in this herbs ability to naturally treat liver infections such as Hepatitis B. In 2001 the Chinese published a study which compared 30 chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) patients taking a Quebra Pedra extract, to 25 patients taking interferon (the leading conventional drug used for HBV) for three months. Both treatments showed an equal effectiveness of 83%, however the Quebra Pedra group rated significantly higher in the normalisation of liver enzymes and recovery of liver function than the interferon-treated group.
1 - 2 grams of dried herb per cup of boiling water. Leave to steep for 10 to 15 minutes.
10 - 15 drops up to 3 times per day.
Quebra Pedra has a history of use stretching back to the ancient Incans and many other tribes of South America. Unsurprisingly it was used as a remedy for kidney stones way back then too. It was also employed as a remedy for stomach ache, urinary tract infections and to reduce malarial fevers.
Interestingly, these ancient tribes used Quebra Pedra only for its pharmaceutical properties, not as a plant teacher.
Plant chemicals in Quebra Pedra include; alkaloids, astragalin, brevifolin, carboxylic acids, corilagin, cymene, ellagic acid, ellagitannins, gallocatechins, geraniin, hypophyllanthin, lignans, lintetralins, lupeols, methyl salicylate, niranthin, nirtetralin, niruretin, nirurin, nirurine, niruriside, norsecurinines, phyllanthin, phyllanthine, phyllanthenol, phyllochrysine, phyltetralin, repandusinic acids, quercetin, quercetol, quercitrin, rutin, saponins, triacontanal, and tricontanol.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not use Quebra Pedra.
Do not take Quebra Pedra with lithium medication as it may decrease how well the body gets rid of lithium.
If you are taking diabetic medication, please consult your healthcare practitioner before taking Quebra Pedra.


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Home / Katerina Tana
KATERINA TANA grew up in London, where she trained after acting and directing more than she was supposed to at the University of York, England where she did here BA Hons. English and French Literature…., She debuted the role of ARLIE in the UK premiere of GETTING OUT by Marsha Norman, at the National Theatre of Wales, and played JESSE in THE CUBAN SWIMMER by Milcha Sanchez Scott at the Gate Theatre, London.
Recent film work includes LEECHES, INTRIGO/SAMARIA and THE DUCHESS. She has been cast in two plays by Donald Freed to be performed in London early 2020. She is currently developing a short film she scripted and will direct, and two books to be adapted for the screen.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Keith S. Harriton
Urs Broderick Furrer
Kimberly A. Sanford
Sean Harriton
Keith S. Harriton, Partner
Email | VCard
Mr. Harriton was an Assistant District Attorney for Westchester County from 1979 to 1983. He was subsequently employed by the firm of Bower & Gardner where he supervised a caseload of defense litigation matters. The majority of his caseload was composed of medical malpractice defense matters on behalf of municipalities as well as private hospitals in the metropolitan area. He also defended claims against resident physicians, nurses, various department heads and attending physicians. Mr. Harriton then supervised the litigation department at Pirro and Monsell, P.C. in White Plains, New York where he represented the interests of various corporate and individual clients in connection with general liability and construction litigation, franchise and dealership law and environmental cases instituted by governmental regulatory agencies and private parties against oil companies.
Mr. Harriton started the firm over 25 years ago and tries cases and argues appeals on behalf of corporate, insurance company and individual clients involving commercial matters, disputes between gasoline franchisors and franchisees under the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, education law, personal injuries arising from alleged negligence, products liability, toxic tort and labor law violations as well as environmental cases brought by federal and state regulatory agencies against petroleum companies. He has been a guest lecturer at the annual Petroleum Marketing Attorneys' Conference sponsored by major oil companies and held in Washington, D.C.
J.D., State University of New York at Buffalo (1979)
B.A., State University of New York at Buffalo (1976)
ADMISSIONS & AFFILIATIONS
Federal District Courts for the Southern, Eastern and Western Districts of New York
State Bar of Connecticut
Federal District Court of Connecticut
Westchester County Bar Association
New York State Bar Association
Harriton & Furrer, LLP
84 Business Park Drive Suite 302 Armonk, NY 10504 914.730.3400
Harriton & Furrer LLP | 84 Business Park Drive | Suite 302 | Armonk, NY 10504 | 914.730.3400 | info@hflawllp.com
The materials on this website are made available by Harriton & Furrer, LLP for informational purposes only and are not legal advice. The transmission and receipt of information contained on the website do not form or constitute an attorney-client relationship. Persons should not act upon information on this site without seeking professional legal counsel.
Attorney Advertising – prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.


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changing the world drink by drink
How would you feel if we told you could help save the world with a visit to the pub?
It's time to say hello to the socially conscious softie that's packing quite the punch. With a motto of changing the world drink by drink it's fair to say Lemonaid is leading the way when it comes to sustainable drinking.
Now we realise some global issues may take more than a visit to your local to solve, (although it's worth noting many a great discovery have been made in the pub! In 1953 James Francis Crick announced to a pub full of unsuspecting locals that he and his colleague James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" finally cracking the structure of DNA. ) But it's good to know that with every purchase of Lemonaid you'll be giving a little something back to the farmers, regions and local community that helped produce it.
Made entirely from raw, organic fair trade ingredients, Lemonaid supports fair-trade sustainable farming with a 5 pence donation from every bottle purchased in our pubs going to the Lemonaid & ChariTea project. The project supports small-scale farmers and development initiatives all over the world with a focus on conscious, sustainable consumption.
As delicious and healthy as their drinks are, for the team behind Lemonaid their drinks are a means to an end – they produce the drinks to support small-scale farmers and development initiatives all over the world…Conscious, sustainable consumption.
"We believe firmly in the "drinking helps" principle. Every bottle contributes a little towards a better world. Achieved through sustainable farming, Fairtrade and active project work in the growing regions."
Of course being sustainable doesn't have to stop in the pub. Take a look at some unique ideas for upcycling your used drinks bottles in and around the house below.


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Luvila otna är en insektsart som beskrevs av Irena Dworakowska 1977. Luvila otna ingår i släktet Luvila och familjen dvärgstritar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Nigeria. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dvärgstritar
otna


Kapil also cleared the air about the buzz that he threw a shoe at Sunil.
"There were reports that Kapil threw a shoe at Sunil and he has problem with the team eating food before him... Do you think I am such kind of a person who will fight for this reason?
Later, when Arbaaz asked Kapil if he had a chance to block, follow and unfollow on Twitter amongst Sunil, Ali Asgar and Upassna Singh, Kapil quickly said that he wants to follow Sunil as he wants to find out "what is he doing these days".
He said he would block Ali and unfollow Upassna.


A huge trove of data belonging to the Oklahoma Department of Securities (ODS) was left unsecured on a server for at least a week.
Another data leak made the headlines, a huge trove of data belonging to the Oklahoma Department of Securities (ODS) was left unsecured on a server for at least a week.
It is not clear how long data were left exposed online, according to the Shodan search engine, the server had been publicly open since at least November 30, 2018.
The unsecured storage server was discovered by security expert Greg Pollock from UpGuard, it contained 3 terabytes of data including millions of sensitive Government files and years worth of sensitive FBI investigations.
for over a hundred thousand brokers, credentials for remote access to ODS workstations, and communications meant for the Oklahoma Securities Commission.
The server also included email backups from 1999 to 2016, the largest and most recent reaching 16GB in size.
The exposed information includes passwords that could have used by an attacker to remotely access the state agency's workstations, and credentials to access several internet services.
Digging in the archive it is also possible to find information related to people with AIDS includingpatient names and T cell counts.
"By the best available measures of the files' contents and metadata, the data was generated over decades, with the oldest data originating in 1986 and the most recent modified in 2016," reads a blog post published by UpGuard.
UpGuard immediately notified the discovery to the ODS department, the storage server was secured by the agency.
The Oklahoma Securities Commission published a press release to disclose the data leak, it announced that a forensic team is still investigating the case.
"The Oklahoma Department of Securities (ODS) has initiated a comprehensive review of the circumstances surrounding an incident involving the inadvertent exposure of information during installation of a firewall." reads the press release.


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[UNBOXING] Kiznaiver
We're very excited to be releasing the series Kiznaiver later this month (on 24th September) and hot off the production line we're delighted to show you what you can expect from our Limited Collector's Edition Blu-ray set, along with the AllTheAnime.com Exclusive Deluxe Hardback Art Book! (If you're not familiar with what that is, have no fear, all will be explained below.)
So sit back, relax, grab a drink and have a look at what we've got for you!
ABOUT "KIZNAIVER"
©TRIGGER, Mari Okada / Project KIZNAIVER
An original TV anime series by acclaimed animation studio TRIGGER (Kill la Kill) and the renowned writer Mari Okada (Maquia: When the Promised Flowers Bloom, The Anthem of the Heart).
Synopsis: "Even within the confines of the futuristic Sugomori City, Katsuhira Agata is a very unique high school boy – someone who simply cannot feel any pain whatsoever. Bullied and isolated, his world is set to shift seismically when he meets a strange girl named Noriko Sonozaki.
Before he knows it, Agata has been linked to a number of his classmates as part of a group created to share any pain each of them feels via a system known as "Kiznaiver". Tasked with various trials by Sonozaki as they serve as guinea pigs under the Kiznaiver system, could Agata and his new comrades' experiences be the key to their own self-discovery?"
Check out a subtitled trailer for the series below.
WHAT'S INSIDE? WHAT'S ON THE DISCS?
Our Limited Collector's Edition Blu-ray set comes packed in a rigid case that has an image design wrapping around the box sporting a special spot UV finish on it, making it really pop out in the light. Inside the case you'll find a digipack pack to hold the two Blu-ray discs, and a 40-page art book focusing on artwork from the series. Worth noting here is that an element of the digipack has a spot UV effect on it too!
On the discs themselves you get –
The complete series of Kiznaiver (12 episodes) in English and Japanese with English subtitles.
On-disc extras across the two discs are: Clean Opening and Closing Title Sequences, Japanese trailer and commercials.
All the anime online shop Exclusive version
If you're wanting something a little more when it comes to this series, we have a special bundle exclusive to our AllTheAnime online shop!
While the basic format of the Collector's Edition itself remains the same regardless of where you purchase it, this Shop Exclusive bundle will also ship with a substantially expanded, comprehensive white cover art book alongside the black cover 40-page book within the box itself – it's bigger (B5 in size, to be precise, so it will sit on your shelf or coffee table separate to the rest of the package), and contains a vast amount of additional character artwork and illustrations totalling 116 pages overall! The additional book created for this Shop Exclusive release is, in effect, a full-blown artbook similar to those you'll often find sold in Japan, and it's the first and most comprehensive collection of Kiznaiver artwork for a western audience you'll find.
Again, this Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book can only be purchased as part of the bundle available to order now at AllTheAnime.com.
WHERE CAN I ORDER THIS?
You can order your copy right now from the following retailers:
Order at Amazon Order at HMV Online Order at Anime-on-Line
**AllTheAnime.com Exclusive Bundle**
Exclusive to our AllTheAnime.com online shop, you can order a bundle that will include the Ltd Collector's Edition Blu-ray and a Deluxe Hard Cover 116-page Art Book! Order your bundle today –
Order All The Anime Exclusive Bundle
WHAT DOES THE FINISHED PRODUCT LOOK LIKE?
Now it's time for photos of the finished product. This will be split into two sections: first the Ltd Collector's Edition Blu-ray set, and then the AllTheAnime.com Exclusive Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book. You can click on all the photos to enlarge them too if you want.
Section 1: Ltd Collector's Edition Blu-ray
The rigid case, cellophane around it. NOTE: The BBFC logo is a sticker on the cellophane, not on the box itself.
Reverse side of rigid case, cellophane around the box. This info sheet can be removed. It's attached with a couple of glue dots. Simply peel away gently to remove.
All four sides of the rigid case, cellophane around the box.
The front of the rigid case, cellophane removed. You'll notice a glimmer in part of the image, that's the spot UV finish coming onto play and really shining in the light.
The reverse side of the rigid case, cellophane and info sheet removed. You'll notice part of the spot UV finish coming into play in this image too.
All four spines of the rigid case, cellophane removed
Some of you might be wondering how the image looks around the case. Here's an image to give you an idea of how it works out. (Again, the spot-uv finish coming onto play in this image.)
Let's get inside!
The digipack. Outer side (top) and inner side with discs in place. You'll notice there's even a spot UV on part of the outer side of this too!
The inner side of the digipack pack. Discs in place (top) and removed (bottom)
And so we can show the outer side without the spot UV finish coming into play, here's the outer side (top) and inner side with discs removed (bottom)
Onto the art book. Here's the front
What you see when you open the book. Now we'll show you a few pages on what to expect.
Back of the art book
Section 2: *AllTheAnime.com Exclusive* Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book
Finally, in this section we'll be showing the you what to expect from the Deluxe B5 Hardback Art Book which is exclusive to AllTheAnime.com (while stock lasts.)
First of all, a little size comparison. Here's the Deluxe Art Book that's exclusive to AllTheAnime.com (left) next to the art book that's included inside the rigid case of the Ltd Collector's Ed. set.
And now the art book included in the Ltd Collector's Ed set (black) on top of the Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book exclusive to AllTheAnime.com
The front of the Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book
Section 1: Characters. We'll now show you a few pages to give you an idea of some of what to expect.
Section 2: Artworks
And section 3: Illustrations.
The back of the Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book
And for those interested, the front, back and spine of the Deluxe Hard Cover Art Book
And that concludes this unboxing of Kiznaiver! We hope you're excited to add this to your collection.
AllTheAnime Exclusive, kiznaiver, unboxing


"The challenges faced by people in ward six, which covers areas like the Harare CBD and parts of Avondale and Milton Park, can be summed up as #SEI, and that stands for (S) service delivery, where residents have no access to clean water and the only borehole is at a Spar (Montague) branch, which breaks down because it is overwhelmed," she said.
"We should appreciate that the issue of vending cannot be solved overnight, and we need to engage them because they are not criminals. With an economy which is ticking they can easily be removed from the streets. What is needed is proper enforcement of council by-laws and vending infrastructure with ablution facilities," Mubaiwa said.


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Inside The Tech Experiment That Desires To Change Football Endlessly - NL
Inside The Tech Experiment That Desires To Change Football Endlessly
admin cool electronics
Not each particular person would recognize the structure and strategy to studying in the usual classroom today. Much like human DNA, which stacks chemical constructing blocks, a company's innovation DNA is made up of three constructing blocks: maturing digital know-how that's extra commoditized and accessible; scientific developments that push the boundaries of industries and inspire change; and rising DARQ (distributed ledgers, synthetic intelligence, extended actuality and quantum computing) technologies which might be poised to scale rapidly.
The satellites, launched by a Long March-SECOND service rocket at 5:07 am (Beijing Time), shall be mainly used for the brand new Earth-remark expertise experiment. The scientific approach to analysis is accountable for growth of technology. Collectively, 5G and AR will allow companies to tailor individuals's digital journeys throughout their lives, anyplace and anytime.
24: Science has changed the longstanding false notions of the individuals, which aren't supported by Scientific Info. Science has brought sophistication to human life. Cooperative studying idea: Students can collaborate and create a science sketch, reminiscent of: the life cycle of a butterfly or frog, the journey of a raindrop or the transformation of matter.
Know-how Comprehension In Danish Primary Schools (Experiment)
BIM (Building Data Modeling) represents a wave of technological modifications that have allowed the AEC trade to plan and manage initiatives far more successfully. Submit-digital people have excessive expectations, however corporations are still constructing tech-pushed services with playbooks from the previous. The penguin dictionary of computer systems defines it as "a portmanteau phrase to cover all points of the artwork or science of processing knowledge to supply info".
As a trainer, it's difficult to instruct a category composed of students who learn at all completely different ranges to make the lesson attention-grabbing sufficient that they do not bore the extra advanced students-which regularly makes them "tune out"-and, by the same token, they don't confuse and frustrate the kids who are slower at studying and require extra time to achieve an understanding of the material being taught.
An Experiment In Design, Effectiveness And Efficiency On JSTOR
The mission of Fall Experiment is to assist us stage-up and work together with technology, gaming, art and music the way we experience it – on the intersections.
If you reside in or round a giant city like Sydney or Melbourne, you should have traveled by practice at some point in time. My matter is in regards to the effect of Cellular learning Expertise to students achievement. Leading businesses are working with customers to create digital experiences. MARTE uses the seek for life within the subsurface of the Rio Tinto as a studying expertise for guiding the development of expertise for drilling, pattern dealing with and instrumentation for use in the eventual seek for subsurface life on Mars.
People do not oppose expertise; they continue to be excited and intrigued by it. But companies are developing and deploying that technology using the playbooks of decades past, from the days earlier than tech had such a major, significant impression in our lives.
The best form of technology is the event and use of primary instruments The prehistoric discovery of the best way to control fireplace and the later Neolithic Revolution elevated the obtainable sources of food, and the invention of the wheel helped humans to travel in and control their surroundings.
Within the meantime, it is likely the info and research from Drax's ongoing trial of the C-Capture expertise will provide the premise of how – and if – it can be scaled up in the future. Importantly, what was noticed was that the scholars' working in groups, constructing a project from scratch and exceeding their own expectations, resulted in visible enthusiasm for engineering.
Green Technology (greentech) also called environmental technology (envirotech) and clear expertise (cleantech) is the mixing of contemporary know-how and environmental science to raised protect the global setting and its pure resources and to mitigate the adverse effects of human exercise on the planet. The definition of SR&ED specifically excludes work with respect to analysis in the social sciences or the humanities Psychology is a social science; nevertheless, paragraph (d) of the definition of SR&ED lists psychological research work as eligible work when it's undertaken immediately in help of an SR&ED challenge in a field of science or know-how aside from the social sciences or humanities.
Know-how is then used to investigate the data we accumulate in these experiments, normally with computer systems. Engineering is the objective-oriented strategy of designing and making tools and techniques to take advantage of natural phenomena for sensible human means, typically (however not at all times) utilizing outcomes and strategies from science.
So technology is instantly the result of learning things in science. Businesses with expertise in robotics could start out with an advantage, but the opportunity is ripe for companies in every business to extend their reach out into the open world. Online collaboration instruments, equivalent to those in Google Apps , permits students and instructors to share paperwork on-line, edit them in actual time and mission them on a display.
Usually, it is used to obtain engineering and different information needed to guage hypotheses , set up finished product technical specifications, write product or process formulae, or design special equipment and buildings which are required by a brand new or improved fabrication course of.
For example, the Human Genome Challenge was a scientific research challenge on an international scale that aimed to map the bottom pairs that make up human DNA, and it ran from 1990 to 2003. The corporate's knowledge scientists had beforehand discovered that once drivers reached the 25-trip threshold, their charge of attrition fell sharply.
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The media is silent about the latest Democrat voting scandal.
Today, news pundits and experts are discussing the fallout of yesterday's midterm elections.
While Republicans extended their Senate majority and Democrats took the House, the media is silent on the biggest scandal of election day.
We have to report that not all the voting was fair—or legal. That's especially true in Texas.
While Ted Cruz beat Beto O'Rourke, the race was much closer than anyone expected. And a few Republican seats were flipped for the Democrats.
The law of the land is clear: non-citizens (even legal residents) are not allowed to vote.
But in sanctuary cities across American, poll workers are looking the other way. Even in the red state of Texas, there were more than a few workers who knew non-citizens were going to the voting booth.
As long as someone has a driver's license, they can vote. They don't need to prove their citizenship to get registered or show up.
Trump promised that local law enforcement was monitoring for voter "inconsistencies." But when workers refuse to enforce the rules, how can cops stop them?
Many states give out driver's licenses to non-citizens. Does that mean they should be able to vote?
These non-citizen voters could have meant the difference in numerous elections in Texas. And how many more critical seats were stolen for Democrats—who pushed non-Americans to the polls?
SHARE if you think Democrats cheated on Election Day!


Another drawing by Gagnon from last Friday evening, which I inked today. He has a large comic and original comic art collection, and knowledge of styles and inking patterns I can only guess at. Those trees, rocks, and puffs of smoke, and that Jack Kirby-ish machinery, for instance. He also likes big heads in containers.


Does everyone throw away their purchases after trying for some time and not seeing any changes? Or do you just stash them away in a drawer? I have trouble just throwing stuff away but most stuff does not make a major change. I think being 69…nothing changes really…my expectations are my problem.
I am focused on SCA and Elysee right now trying to give enough time to see if there is even a small change in my skin.
I stopped using skin care products years ago. They really didn't make any difference to my skin, and my skin still looks good. As already mentioned it's genes and keeping out of the sun for long periods of time. I use moisturizer when my skin gets really dry, but not that often. My skin at 57 is not wrinkled just the occasional blotchiness breakout. My mother and grandmother also had plumpish skin on their faces.
I suggest you stick strictly with Elysee. Even at 69 you will see noticeable changes. I am 65 and I love this line and I have used many, many others, including many much more expensive. For me, Elysee provides the best results.
I really don't expect to see many changes and use my products to the end of the jar. Maybe if I didn't use them I would see a negative change.
That is me – it is so easy to buy but then I never seem to use the stuff. I have boxes that have never been opened. And I can't seem to throw the stuff away.
The only product I use and I have used for many years is Chantal Ethocyn vials. But I have no trouble buying every other skin care line that comes down the pike.
And that's one of the few that really can make a big difference. Sure wish HSN still carried it.
I really think your GENES have more to say about your skin.
All these skin care products just help a little.
There's no miracles out there.
Procedures seem to be the new norm.
I won't be trying that,I'm aging gracefully.
I'd rather spend the money on family vacations.
I'll try something once, use it and move on if I don't like it.
Hey there @candron. I donate any uncontaminated beauty products to the women's shelter.


Mexican filmmaker Guillermo del Toro (Pan's Labyrinth ) collaborated with Danish cinematographer Dan Laustsen DFF (Brotherhood of the Wolf ) on his English language debut Mimic in 1997 where genetically enhanced cockroaches terrorize a city. Two decades later the creative duo reunited for the gothic sibling horror Crimson Peak.
"It was so weird because we hadn't seen each other for 20 years but spoke a little bit on the phone now and then," recalls Laustsen. "I was shooting the television miniseries 1864 in Prague and received a call to fly to Toronto to meet with Guillermo. The first time I saw him was on location and it was like we had been together two hours before." The rekindled partnership led to the follow-up collaboration The Shape of Water, which revolves around a mute cleaning lady and an amphibian being held captive in a secret government facility. The cast for the romantic fantasy, situated in 1962 Baltimore amongst the paranoia of the Cold War, includes Sally Hawkins, Doug Jones, Michael Shannon, Octavia Spencer, Richard Jenkins, and Michael Stuhlbarg.
There was no visual research, though parallels can be found with Beauty and the Beast and Creature from the Black Lagoon. The desire was to produce a classic single light source movie where the women look beautiful and men appear to be powerful. Instead of going for flat lighting, shadows were cast on faces for dramatic effect. Lighting and makeup tests were conducted to make sure that Doug Jones looked powerful and gorgeous in the practical creature costume. Rather than a handheld approach, the preference was to utilized Steadicam, jib arm with remote head, and Technocrane with the camera always being in motion. Dan Laustsen and Guillermo del Toro constantly discussed lenses, camera angles and lighting setups. 95 percent of the movie was shot at a 1.85:1 aspect ratio with a single ALEXA XT with Zeiss Master Primes provided by Panavision Toronto.
"We were together all of the time and talked a lot. Guillermo (Del Toro) never makes a master. We're shooting shot by shot and very much chronologically.You have to be on your toes because you have to come back to the same lighting setup three or four hours later.
It's difficult as a cinematographer but is so great for the performers and for the way he's plotting the movie."


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African Journal of
Abbreviation: Afr. J. Pol. Sci. Int. Relat.
DOI: 10.5897/AJPSIR
AJPSIR Home
About AJPSIR
Full Length Research Paper
Religion, politics and war: Reflections on Mozambique's Civil War (1977-1992)
Mark Chingono
Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Swaziland, P. Bag 4, Kwaluseni, M201, Swaziland
Search for this author on:
Article Number - 065116F44894
Vol.8(2), pp. 31-42 , March 2014
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPSIR2013.0641
Accepted: 29 January 2014
Copyright © 2021 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Full-Text (PDF)
Religious ideology, in its diverse forms and contradictory roles, was a salient feature of every stage of the Mozambican civil war from 1975-1992. First, the conflict had its roots, partly, in attempts by the state to suppress religion. Second, during the war different groups appropriated and adapted religion to explain, manage and survive the violent turmoil. Third and even more important, religious actors played a crucial role in the peace process and resolution of the conflict. This paper identifies and discusses the varied roles that religious ideology played in the civil war, and highlights the social conditions that made people give to their historical situation a religious interpretation. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, it concludes that religious ideology is a powerful political force that can only be challenged at great cost, and its implications for war and peace are, at best ambiguous, and at worst, catastrophic.
Key words: Conflict, God, ideology, peace, politics, rebel, religion, revivalism, resurgence, war.
CIO, Central Intelligence Organization; Frelimo, Front for the Liberation of Mozambique; MNR/Renamo, Mozambique National Resistance
Full-Text PDF
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
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NIH National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences - NIEHS
The mission of the NIEHS is to reduce the burden of human illness and disability by understanding how the environment influences the development and progression of human disease. To have the greatestimpact on preventing disease and improving human health, the NIEHS focuses on basic science, disease-oriented research, global environmental health, and multidisciplinary training for researchers. The NIEHS achieves its mission through: Extramural research and training, funded by grants and contracts, to scientists, environmental health professionals, and other groups worldwide, Intramural research conducted by scientists at the NIEHS facility and in partnership with scientists at universities and hospitals, Toxicological testing and test validation by the National Toxicology Program, and Outreach and communications programs that provide reliable health information to the public and scientific resources to researchers.
Review Date: Tuesday, July 12, 2011
List reviewed web resources
Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Some of EPA's top priorities are to improve air quality, take action on climate change, and clean up our communities. EPA's work on these priorities falls under the Clean Air Act and includes developing national programs, technical policies and regulations for controlling air pollution and radiation exposure. These efforts help protect the health of all Americans by preventing pollution and increasing energy efficiency, improving indoor and outdoor air quality, reducing industrial air pollution and pollution from vehicles and engines, protecting the stratospheric ozone layer, reducing acid rain, and addressing climate change.
Review Date: Thursday, April 28, 2011
The American Lung Association (ALA), formerly the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, was founded in 1904 to combat tuberculosis. Since 1907, ALA has promoted Christmas Seals to raise public funds to fight lung disease, the third leading cause of death in America. ALA is primarily a health education agency, emphasizing anti-smoking and clean air activities to prevent and control lung hazards. Its self-management programs teach those suffering from lung disease, such as asthma, how to live with their condition. ALA also creates educational programs to teach lifelong good health habits, and it provides professional education to health care providers to help them deliver effective lung health care to their patients. ALA also awards grants for medical research and sponsors fellowships for young medical professionals to encourage them to specialize in pulmonary care. There are 110 State and local Lung Associations throughout the country. The American Thoracic Society is the medical arm of ALA.
Review Date: Thursday, July 09, 2015
National Medical Association
The National Medical Association (NMA) was founded in 1895 as a professional organization for African-American physicians. Its goals are to raise professional and educational standards, to promote cooperation among physicians, to improve the health care delivery system, to educate the public, to promote just medical laws, and to eliminate racial and religious discrimination from American medical institutions. It operates the SASATA Project under a contract from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and a Radon and Indoor Air Education Program under a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It works to recruit African-American students into medical programs, provides information and consultation services to members, and advises and guides physicians who are interested in Federal funding.
Review Date: Wednesday, July 02, 2008
Water Quality Association
The Water Quality Association (WQA), an association for the point-of-use water treatment industry, promotes the advancement of the industry. The WQA holds meetings to facilitate the exchange of information, offers training programs, develops voluntary product standards, administers product and dealer certification programs, conducts research, publishes water treatment information, provides technical assistance to government and other organizations, and conducts symposia and seminars. Other services include conventions, trade shows, public relations, promotional aids, government relations, an information center, and a charge card servicing package.
Review Date: Friday, January 20, 2012


Classic song from the early days of Sesame Street. Written and animated by Pixar's Bud Luckey (he also sang the original on "The Count Counts!" LP), lyrics by Don Hadley, this version sung by Jerry Nelson. CLICK ON SHOW MORE FOR LYRICS AND LINKS!
The broadcast of this video is authorized by Sesame Workshop. Thank you so much!


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Press release Tekniikka
News item Hätäkeskuspalvelut
Press release Hätäkeskuspalvelut
Press release Hätäkeskuspalvelut Henkilöstö Palkitsemiset
Emergency Responce Centre Agency - Finland
ERC Operators rewarded for outstanding work
Pictured from left: Head of the Kuopio ERC Kari Nevalainen, Shift Supervisor Tiina Kairaniemi, ERC Operator Oskari Ollikainen and ERC Operator Noora Karhunen from the Kuopio Emergency Response Centre in Finland.
The European Emergency Number Association (EENA) has acknowledged the Emergency Response Centre Agency's actions when the Kuopio school attack took place. Finland's emergency response centres are built around the professionalism of ERC operators and cooperation between authorities, and this case demonstrates the effectiveness of such an approach.
First emergency call answered within two seconds
On 1 October 2019, a pupil armed with a sword attacked the Savo Vocational College in Kuopio in the middle of a school day. The first call to the emergency number (112) was placed at 12:29 pm, and it was answered within two seconds. The case was referred to the police in under a minute, and the police apprehended the perpetrator approximately eight minutes after the Emergency Response Centre received the first call for help.
Tiina Kairaniemi was the Shift Supervisor at the Kuopio Emergency Response Centre at the time, and she was responsible for managing the Emergency Response Centre's operations. Kairaniemi remembers the situation clearly.
"At 12:31 pm, the Emergency Response Centre notified the emergency medical services of the case. At 12:33 pm, the Emergency Response Centre also received an automatic fire alarm from the site, and this was forwarded to the emergency response unit. Due to the nature of the case, the social services were also brought into the fold. The case is an example of a genuinely multi-agency task, involving public safety authorities from the police, rescue services, emergency medical services and social services," Kairaniemi says.
Success is based on cooperation and the will to help
Kari Nevalainen, Head of the Kuopio Emergency Response Centre, was on-site as the situation unfolded. The centre received a total of 23 emergency calls related to the case, and overlaps were quickly identified.
"I happened to be in the operations room when the situation began, so I stayed to see how it would develop. Right next to me, two operators were fielding emergency calls from the scene; one was instructing the caller to wait for the police behind a locked door and to apply pressure to the bleeding wound of one of the victims, while the other was passing on information from the emergency caller to the police. The Emergency Response Centre was taking several emergency calls at the same time, and the air was abuzz with operators talking to callers. Despite the confusing flood of information, the centre quickly obtained an accurate situational overview, and the atmosphere in the operations room remained calm," Nevalainen says.
A total of 14 ERC Operators took calls related to the case. Most of the calls were taken at the Kuopio Emergency Response Centre, and some were answered in Kerava and Pori. Kairaniemi says that overtime requests were immediately sent out to ERC Operators at the onset of the situation.
"Many off-duty ERC Operators reported for work as soon as they heard about the situation, and we filled every available ERC Operator seat. In such a shocking situation, our operators immediately wanted to help and also support their colleagues at the Emergency Response Centre."
At the time, three people with defusing training were present at the Emergency Response Centre. Defusing refers to the act of breaking down a mentally burdensome situation.
"Defusing began as soon as the first emergency calls related to the case had ended, and every ERC Operator involved in the case was given defusing support," Kairaniemi says.
Situation brought rapidly under control
Nevalainen says that the situation in the emergency response centre's operations room was brought rapidly under control, and the response was organised effectively.
"The Shift Supervisor quickly gained situational awareness and was able to make swift decisions. The personnel remained calm, and additional resources arrived on-site. The key to successfully handling unusual situations is to ensure that the supervisors at the Emergency Response Centre are up to date from the outset. This enables them to quickly check the division of duties, take action to secure additional resources and steer operations as the situation necessitates. In the case in Kuopio, the Shift Supervisor monitored the message traffic and heard the first emergency calls in the operations room. This enabled an immediate reaction, which was reflected in the way the Emergency Response Centre brought the situation under control," Nevalainen says.
In the teaching facilities on the second floor of a shopping centre, the pupil had time to hurt ten people and kill one person. However, Nevalainen says that the very quick response of the public safety authorities prevented any further harm from occurring.
"The Finnish operating model for emergency response centres calls for all public safety authorities to work in close collaboration, and this case is an example of the efficiency and effectiveness of such an approach. The ERC Operators and police worked in seamless cooperation, as with all other authorities. Naturally, we hope that events like this will never occur, but the way this case was handled demonstrates how well the Finnish authorities can work together," Nevalainen says.
Previous awards conferred by the European Emergency Number Association on the Finnish Emergency Response Centre Agency
'Outstanding Rescue 2014': In 2014, the Emergency Response Centre Authority and the Finnish Police were rewarded for their effective cooperation and successful rescue of an 8-year-old girl.
'Outstanding National 112 System 2013': In 2013, the Emergency Response Centre Authority won the EENA award, presented by the European Emergency Number Association, in the Outstanding National 112 System category.
This award, publicised on 2 June 2021, was awarded to the Emergency Response Centre Authority in the 'PSAP Award' category.
European Emergency Number Association EENA
The European Emergency Number Association (EENA) was established in Brussels in 1999. The EENA aims to promote safety and the development of emergency response centre services in Europe. The EENA rewards individuals and organisations for significant contributions and achievements in promoting the emergency number, 112.
EENA's members include more than 1,500 representatives of organisations related to emergency response operations in 80 countries, researchers, technical suppliers and more than 200 members of the European parliament.
Further information: eena.org
The video describes the swift action and strong cooperation of ERC Operators and other authorities when a school in Kuopio was attacked on 1 October 2019. The European Emergency Number Association rewarded the ERC Operators for their outstanding work on 2 June 2021. The video is dramatised, and the people in the video are unrelated to the actual case.
Henkilöstö Hätäkeskuspalvelut Palkitsemiset
Emergency Response Centre Agency awards bulletins emergency response centres news


Well, you may have heard that the original wine slinger, Ben Hilzinger, is moving on to rainier pastures in Seattle. Benny (as we affectionately call him) has been the face of Nectar for nearly 2 and 1/2 years. Check out my touching tribute to him here. After an exhaustive search, I am excited to announce that we have found our next Tasting Room Manager for Nectar.
Every once in a while you meet someone who becomes incredibly special to you and your life. In January 2011, shortly after Nectar opened, a tall skinny, good looking kid came in and asked how he could help with Spokane Wine Magazine. He worked at Arbor Crest, Lindaman's, and was very passionate about wine. I immediately got a good vibe about him and the fact that two very respected businesses hired him, said everything to me. After a brief conversation, I said, "how would you like a job at Nectar?" The rest is history!
In celebration of Spring and in honor of mothers everywhere, Spokane area wineries will host a special weekend of wine tasting as part of the Spokane Winery Association's annual Mother's Day Spring Release Weekend.
It seems as if May is the kick off of Summer around these parts. Local wine events heat up along with the weather. In the world of Nectar and our five Washington Wineries, it is a time for big sales, new releases and lots of activity in the tasting room. In May we introduce a new beauty focused event, host Spring Release Weekend, watch a parade, and say goodbye to everyone's favorite wine slinger.


economics principles and applications 6th edition solutions teachers resource . solutions traveller pre intermediate . manual level 5 applied combinatorics alan .
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Q: Using dynamic requires in webpack with plugins I have come across this questions Webpack dynamic request
which explains the require.context method.
The documentation does not make clear how to use a plugin with require.context
this works require('inject!myModule.js')
this does not const injectPath = 'inject!myModule.js'; require(injectPath);

A: Works like this:
const req = require.context('plugin!./path/to/src/', true);
req('./'+modulePath)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Péclet number is a dimensionless number, named after the French physicist Jean Claude Eugène Péclet. The Péclet number is defined as the ratio of the rate of advection of a physical quantity by the flow to the rate of diffusion (matter or heat) of the same quantity driven by an appropriate gradient. Therefore we must distinguish between Peclet number for mass transfer and heat transfer.
In mass transfer problems, the Péclet number is the product of the Reynolds number, which describes the flow regime, and the Schmidt number, which is used to characterize fluid flows in which there are simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion convection processes.
In heat transfer problems, the Péclet number is the ratio of the thermal energy convected to the fluid to the thermal energy conducted within the fluid. The Péclet number is simply defined as the product of the Reynolds number, which describes the flow regime, and the Prandtl number, which describes the relationship between momentum diffusivity and thermal diffusivity. If Pe is small, conduction is important.
As can be seen it measures the ability of a material to conduct thermal energy(represented by factor k) relative to its ability to store thermal energy (represented by factor ρ.cp). Materials of large α will respond quickly to changes in their thermal environment, whereas materials of small α will respond more slowly (heat is mostly absorbed), taking longer to reach a new equilibrium condition.